Appendix C Indexes and Values for Minor Classes, 1879-1923, And

This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research

Volume Title: Price and Quantity Trends in the Foreign Trade of the United States

Volume Author/Editor: Robert E. Lipsey

Volume Publisher: Princeton University Press

Volume ISBN: 0-870-14154-6

Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/lips63-1

Publication Date: 1963

Chapter Title: Appendix C: Indexes and Values for Minor Classes, 1879–1923, and Description of Composition and Sources of Data

Chapter Author: Robert E. Lipsey

Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c1895

Chapter pages in book: (p. 248 - 364) Appendix C

Indexes and Values for Minor Classes, 1879—1923,andDescription of Composition and Sources of Data

THIS appendix presents our new annual price and quantity indexes and values for selected minor groups, 1879-1923, together with descriptions of the composition and source notes for all minor groups. The minor groups vary a great deal in size, both as to value and number of commodities included. They are by no means all minor in importance, including, as they do, such items as imports of unmanufactured Cotton (Import Class 045), exports of pork and related meat products (Export Class 009), and exports of grain (Export Class 005). They range from one- commodity classes such as exports of green coffee (Export Class 004) to imports of semimanufactured chemicals (Import Class 086) with commodity numbers for over 100 items. Despite their differences in size and importance, these groups are the basic sampling units or blocks on which the various economic classifications were built (see Chapter 3). Some of the smaller classes were distinguished only to provide the flexibility necessary for various combinations: economic class, commodity group, or agricultural vs. nonagricultural. Others were distinguished for sampling reasons: their price behavior was dis- tinctive and should not be applied to any uncovered commodities. For the most important groups, annual Fisher "ideal" price and quantity indexes and values are presented in Tables C-i to C-6. Tables C-7 and C-8 list all minor classes and show the commodities included in each class, the years for which these commodities were covered or uncovered, the sources of price and quantity data, and other notes on the selection of commodities. Where no source notes are given, the data were obtained entirely from the official United States customs records (other sources are described in the notes). The customs records are published in the following sources:

Title Dates Agency

Monthly data: Monthly Summary of Foreign Corn-July 1914— Bureau of Foreign and merce of the U.S. Dec. 1923 Domestic Commerce Monthly Summary of CommerceJuly 1912— Bureau of Foreign and and Finance of the U.S. June 1914 Domestic Commerce

248 APPEJVDIX C

Title Dates Agency

Monthly Summary of Commerce July 1903— Bureau of Statistics, Depart- and Finance of the U.S. June 1912 ment of Commerce and Labor Monthly Summary of Commerce July 1898— Bureau of Statistics, Treasury and Finance of the U.S. June 1903 Department Monthly Summary of Finance and Jan. 1896— Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Commerce of the U.S. June 1898 Department Finance, Commerce, and Immigra-Jan. 1895— Bureau of Statistics, Treasury tion of the U.S. Dec. 1895 Department Summary Statement of the Imports Jan. 1879— Bureau of Statistics, Treasury and Exports of the U.S. Dec. 1894 Department Quarterly: Quarterly Report of the Chief of the1879— Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Bureau of Statistics showing the June 1893 Department imports and exports of the U.S. Annual; Foreign Commerce and NavigationFiscal years Bureau of Foreign and Do- of the U.S. 1912—1918, mestic Commerce Calendar years 19 19—1923 Foreign Commerce and NavigationFiscal years Bureau of Statistics, Depart- of the U.S. 1904—1911 ment of Commerce and Labor Foreign Commerce and NavigationFiscal years Bureau of Statistics, Treasury of the U.S. 1893—1903 Department Annual Report and Statement of theFiscal years Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Chief of the Bureau of Statistics on 1885—1892 Department the Foreign Commerce and Navi- gation, Immigration and Tonnage of the U.S. Annual Report and Statement of theFiscal years Bureau of Statistics, Treasury Chief of the Bureau of Statistics on 1879—1884 Department the Commerce and Navigation of the U.S.

Additional official data compiled from the above sources were published in various issues of the Statistical Abstract of the United States and publi- cations of Imports and Duties, giving data on imports for consumption for long periods. The latter were compiled under the direction of the House Ways and Means Committee by William W. Evans. We also used a great variety of price data sources, both for comparison with unit values and as a substitute where unit values were not available. Some of the most frequently useful sources, with the abbreviations used in the notes to Tables C-7 and C-8 (which follow the tables), were: Abbreviation in notes Source BLS U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,Wholesale Prices: 1890 to 1923 (BLS Bulletin 367), Washington, D.C., 1925 and earlier volumes. 249 APPENDIX C Abbreviation in notes Source BLS File A file of published and unpublished price series copied for the National Bureau from the files of the BLS by the Works Progress Adminis- tration. WIB U.S. War Industries Board, History of Prices During the War (WIB Price Bulletins), Washington, D.C., 1919. Aldrich Wholesale Prices, Wages, and Transportation, Report by Nelson W. Aldrich from the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance, Washington, D.C., 1893, Bezanson Anne Bezanson, Wholesale Prices in Philadelphia: 1852—1 896, Philadelphia, 1954. The EconomistCommercial History and Review, Supplement of The Economist, London, various issues from 1890. Canadian prices: Dominion of Canada, Department of Labour, Wholesale Prices, Ottawa. 1890—1917 Dominion of Canada, Bureau of Statistics, Prices Branch, Prices and 19 18—23 Price Indexes, Ottawa, Canada. U.K. export andStatistical Office of the Customs and Excise Department, Annual State- import unit ment of the Trade and Navigation of the United Kingdom, London; and values Great Britain Board of Trade, Statistical Abstract of the United Kingdom, London. One difficulty in the use of customs data is that of insuring the con- sistency of commodities over time. In the original source there are many changes of commodity title which do not involve changes in content; in other cases, titles remain the same while content changes. We have en- deavored to correct for these inconsistencies by examining the unit values, watching for sudden changes in value, origin, or destination, and com- paring general import figures with the more detailed imports for consumption data. For our covered commodities we expended considerable effort in this direction, but we were less energetic for uncovered commodities, where shifts did not appear to cross minor group lines. As long as the contents of a commodity title appeared consistent, or showed only insigni- ficant shifts, we retained the same commodity number throughout; other- wise, a new number was given.

250 APPENDIX C TABLEC-I.

PRICE IIWEXES, SELECTED tflNOR

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(N 0) 0' 40 IN — U' 0' IN ('40)0 (Nt- 0 0 '3 .00."0NC'JI4'U)0'INC'C'N 400.3.044.00 — I •SSIIISS•• II S S S S S • I• SI I •• • •S S S S S S •S .55 S • S • S •• O .Om0)0'4U'U"4N9 (Nil' U)O 4 0'4 'Ca) it'.' 0 0) 44.0 N- U)0 0' 4 0 0 "4 U)NJ0 (',j 4-9(4) .-'0 o .0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0 N N N a) N N N N a) a) a) 0' U) 0' o .40 ('-1 N 0'. ('4.414) (54 NJ -4 5-4 — — -4— ('4 CU -4

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251 YEAR 053 057 059 060 061 066 067 069 070 071 072 074 99.2073 1881188718801879 108.2109.2109.6106.9 81.1 129.7129.2131.7130.2124.7 195.8186.7 128.4127.0143.5127.4 86.J81.180.183.479.9 176.0202.1194.0232.5169.0 115.9126.5138.7124.2 124.1122.6112.1123.4116.2 103.0106.3104.1105.1 18881887188618831884 100.9 95.190.993.0 121.3109.9114.4127.9132.0 174.8178.4193.9212.6206.1 116.6109.8116.2120.1 64.51,9.270.3 121.7125.8117.8146.1 107.0103.1111.0119.2 .7.5 116.7111.5113.3116.9128.5 87.387.4 189119901889 102.5100.0100.8 97.5 116.7124.1 95.6 176.5141.216lw? 103.1107,5 80.695.1 74.181.279.673.7 117.8114.6115.1 89.194.69'.996.1 105.9111.8112.9115.5 89.495.799,190.493,9 189718961895189418931892 102.2 87.086.181.695.9 71.488.093.370.059.477.5 112.1117.1113.8111.1112.6171.8 84.193.490.963.768.1 63.471.569.560.266.0 102.9100.2 78.594.484.9 74.081,781.179.787.5 114.5127.5109.1102.3104.8 7.181.5.5.6 190018991998 123.4126.0 87.782.082.5 91.687.371.8 130.4121.4110.4 104.3 94.474.1 103.1105.6 74.3 105.1 92.472.8 99.077.170.0 10'.2 105.2104.2 153.15'2.5155.0 95.795.187.9 94,476.876.5 19051904190319021901 113.2114,0109.2107.8103,4 102.2103.1100.9 98.991.8 78,192.582.575.181.9 141.3 116.8135.7118.3131.5 106.5105.6 88.890.191.2 103.4 97.283.485.7 106.3114.6120.9104.5 97.5 102.5 98.798.496.395.5 101.0101.5102.5 98.5 134.4118.5151.9151.6 101.0 92.491.791.4 95.482.686.3 1909190819071906 108.9109.0104.1 98.598.998.6 82.083.483.877.3 121.1141.1142.0140.8 90.596.494.689.6 jiQel119.1 95.486.0 121.9109.7102.8102.9118.1 106,2104.2111,9116.0107.4 102.6101.2 101.4101.299.1 129.0111.4146.0130.7134.6 101.6100.5 93.595.697,4 91,092.199.5 e. 1910191319121911 100.0 92.993,697.092,9 100.0100.4 97.796,197.4 100.0 84.470.970.7 100.0105.8 94.195.1 100.0 84.789.080.5 81.9 100.0102.4 83.0 100.0 100.0 97.698.1 100.0 97,799.2 100.0102.6101.4 100.0105.1120.4 100.0 97•794.2 100.0101.6 19181917191619151914 180,9169.4124,9 94.695.0 134.7100.2145.8 97.698.6 147.2110.7102.3 66.387.8 214.4150.3104.6100.7 96.9 181.4142.2119.5 88.591.2 163.6192.1174.3115.6 89.5 228.3191.5217.7131.3 80.8 270.5257.4226.7152.3 98,095.6 216.8192.4138.9 99.792.1 170.0159.9129.5110.4 72.597.999.0 95.981.477.784.674.7 266.5252.0219.6163.9101.7 224.7709.0199.2161.7 99.9 19221921192019191923 201.6171.1211.8284.9196,8 224.8 225.9301.4212.8175.0 201.9147.5117.0124.8 94.2 122.2 180.5240.6213.1102.9 131.3 153.6191,7224.3189,6 100.8129.0 89.988.6 115.2101.5106.7154.2152.7 175.8141.2198.6733.0 175.7151.1204.4226.2212,4 146.8 144.0161.5177.5 109.2 99.67,378.4 247.8223.0171,5170,5192,5 143,71.47.1167.7219.4185.1 APPENDIX C

TABLEC—2

ANNUAL PRICE

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N 0 a) N In 0' N 0' In a) 'CNN In0' 4 In o N In In In C iON N In a) I'— 0. 0 044 0' .00 'Cd') N ,-. 0' 0' SSSSeSSs SS 5t•CSSSS S 55555e5S•s55• S S o 5•••• it In 4 In N U' N In '09N.-4InU' .'40 0)NN.-'4ON 04 thN N NO' 0) .0 U' 0' O a) N .0 N '0,0 .0 .4 In N — In N N 0 N U' U' iOU' it' It'0.0.0.0.0 iON 0' — O 0 N- a) N N-1')it' 0 00 — — — — — — .4— — — — — .4 .4 _'4 — — —

In 9 N N In C N In a) In U' In .-. a) it' N In Of".ON000 NNO'O04N 0 N 0.00 U' '0-4 N 0 it' o 5••SSSS• S S • sSe•S..S5 S....SSSSSS5SSt • o — It'. N •.•.....U' .0 4 In 0' I" U' N '0 0' N 0' t' 4 U' .4 0 .ON It' a) C) — U) 0 .--i In 0' In 0' NJ'0 0a)0Oa)N '0.0.0 N a) a a) a) 0' a) a) 0' 0' 0' C000NJ-In4ItO 4.0 o — — — — — — — — — — r- — — — — —

0.-i 0'0'.-.40'N4 N .4.4 N In .C.-'4 U' In a) a) -400 40 0' NO' 0 In 0) N 4 U' N In a) If' N N S •• •S • •*• •• •. SSS S • 55 S • SS •Ss• • S• o 4NN4O'a)O'0'a)0 'CU' In 4.4 0 0' 4.0 U) • •SSet••. 04 0' 0' iS' 0' 0'-.-' .00 0 o 0OO.40000'OO'00 N N N N N NONr-t-'C-.ONON Na)0-O' — — — — — — — -4——— -4 __ — ___ -4

CC—NIn4U''0Na)O'0—NJr'4it .CN0)0'O.-'N In 4 It .0 N U) C C) — N In 0O'0'0'OOs0'O'O'o'O'0000000000.-..-.-- i-I — -4.4.4* .-4 N ('U CU NJ 0000000000 0O'0'O' OQ'Q'O'O'O'O'O'O'O' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' >- ___ ._- .__ — — -4 -4 — ___ * ____ — p-I — — p-. -4-4— -4— .- -4.4— -4 — — — __ -4 .4_I .4— 253 YFAR 049 051 053 054 056 057 059 062 063 065 1881188218801879 101.8105.9 98.199.091.9 117.1116.1114.4120.5117.4 104.1 85.791.394.486.0 91.691.290.889.7 142.5 144.0 122.8133.3137.4 108.8 108.3107.1105.9 117.8126.6141.3171.8 72.851.5 63.172.058.9 18881887188618851884 99.993.678.481.591.1 104.4 93.889.691.997.1 78.685.572.482.875.4 86.6 79.981.481.086.983.1 12'.7 100.6120.6111.1118.4 100.3 92.694.804•7 103.0115.8109.0 88.183.7.0.5 66.367.266.764.568.6 18021892189118901880 60,556.859.963.9 112.2 79.600.390.9 91.5 83.3 77.8 90.289.591.593.8 69.781.475.4 75.378.6 117.6112.3101.0126.3114.1 96.291.495.8 84.684.891.492,6 62.959.063.566,8 149.5 171.3166.3165.6 1897189618951894 53.554.152.954.855.1 49.7 45,750.179.256.9 83.0 84.578.986.6 69.671.166.263.470.6 75.2 74.8 79.175.371.8 80.597.388.5 101.9 91.0P9.093.591.2 85.882.090.086.0io.i 58.1 ss,260.466.262,4 161.1 177.7108.6 74.3 1901190018991898 49,561.556.5 103.3 83.865,5 93.785.083.8 64.267.975.7 81.977.773.6 120.7112.8 100.197.299.7 97.090.9 88.194.580.4 57.254.9 98.192.375.6 1905190419031907 64.658,357,956,464.8 108.5108.6 99.184.8 91,993.391.392.6 59.9 94.782.174.360.7 84.783.282.582.182.3 100.2 110.1101,2115.5105.8 95.0 97.196.193.1 03.084.986.297•585.4 84.680.183,782.267.274.8 99.290.096.890.296.1 19101900190819071906 61.09.481.354,570.2 106.7106.2107.2 104.476.275.283.5 100.9 94.795.797.791.3 106.6101.7 97,987.179.6 87.380.291.388.9 106,9147.6110.8 100.7 95.99P.4 97,296.607.0 95.892.085.084.294.4 102.0101.5104.2103.5 102.8 95.899.291,2 101.7100.1 191319121911 90.165.387.4 92.282.777.7 93.798.197.8 100.8 91.289.9 95.3 86.299.1 109.1103.8 97.490.8 97.697•407.0 05.398.996.9 105,5 95.997,6 101.3 95.594.5 191919181917191619141915 204.516.2122.4112.7100.0 80.7 171.9220.1179.2100.0 97.787.? 111.1 295.2262.1177.1142.4100.0 219.1218.9100.0184.6122.6105.0 104.4 216.01.61.7120.? 81.1 220.0170.9157.1130.0100.0 °?.2 178,9117.6109.8100.0 121.402.0 162.0155.0105.3100.0 95.4 175.2152.617.0107.7100.0101.5 208.4196.5234.7143.6100.0101.7 192119221.9211920 124.4173.8 96.9 87.679.294.6 182.8209.2237.8348.3 210.0 109.3 81.7 169.1157.4 224.8 145.3 157.922?.E 246.9178,0295.4 122.6113.9196.7'31.1'4'.4 114.9215.5 139.8174.0 164.2154.0182,6274.1 324.1169.6155.1199.3 066 069 072 071 076 077 081 082 086 1881188018791882 53.181.367.763.6 89.297.187.5.2.5 73.9 97.298.194.8 58.964.158.'56.844.1 107.0106.7132.2108.2 161.4182.7189.2175.0 131.6119.2154.5112.3 188818871886188518831884 47.153.850.846.569.756.6 90.492.374,079.784.7 101.8101.1106.9 86.884.9 67,562.160.657,150.0 106.8101.6 85.887.192.7 135,3143,6159.0 106.8 115.6119.2136,3134.7119.5 189118901889 57.857.674.666.0 88.980.585.179.176.4 121.7123.2112,5 92.590.3 55.054.557.254.2 88.6 107.8102.5 122.3117,290.885.3 124.1142.5133.0 103.8 114.2113.1106.7 18971895189618941893 57.958.554.767.1 68.368.668.674.2 59.6 101.? 67.177,781.7 42•R 39.8'9.818.8 80.884.484.188.0 110.1100.1100,1121.0 112.6 98.498.991.994.7 cr1 1898 129.2 68.6 68.659.2 77.873.5 84.169.3 66.9 84.999.6 100,1100.1 83.187.5 190419031901190219001899 130,0130,8124,0132.7126.8 95.190.782.489.888.0 90.782.488,0 80.?80.682.285.990.5 105.5 P1.584.195.590.7 75.2 70.460.366.674,1 117.4 86.890.188.199.4 101,3107.7107,1111.9 99.1 95.594.893.591.4 k 190919081906j9071905 127,4102.6115,5129.9 106.3 93.058.191.9 106.1 58.191st)p1.9 87.587.288.289,4 90.9 113.1104.4 96.392.9 109.0 73.476.6 1.14.3111.7 89,5 102,6101.1 09.399.2 104.0 98.295.099.6 1913191219111910 100.0100.8101,4118.4 98.2 100.0 100.0 93.279.644,868.7 93.279.644.868.7 92.5 100.0 88.587.1BL.6 91.8 86.0 91.7 100.0102.5 97.191.5 96.877.376.4 90.9 99.288.992.9 99.597.994.5 98.994.090.091.4 1918191'191519161914 154,0145.3103.0 98,996.2 87.683.793.888.891.9 82.7 108.8105,6 117.2100.0121.3 97.386.9 115.8142.2109.5164.6 94.2 168,1160.3114.2101,2 17.5148,5125.8 93.486,6 111.7 109.3 101.3 212.8160.5100.0 01,7 194.5174.5106.8132.4lr)rI.0 160.0149.7100.0 94.? 1923192219191921.1920 253,1243.2192.1179.9182,3 101.9 85.882.381.577.7 205,0136.1164.7147.4 87,297.2 148.9147.2188.8159.3211.0 202.1 193.8238.6258.1219.7 131.9102.9184.2164.4 138.698.1 111.3 96.679.980.5 232.4141.4128.5166.2275.0204.1 131,2 201,0133.8184,4188.0 133.0128.7143.4187.8173.0163.6 APPENDIX C

TABLEC-3

ANNUAL SELECTED IFXPORr

0' N —a) 'C 0 — N ('04' N .-. N IA U) 0' 0' 4 U) ('4 U) U) C U) C F)U)U)0'IA4Fs)'CO0' ('4 S • C SS C S SSC •.. S S•• C S• •.. •SSSS.SS S S • 55C CCC C CCSC It 'COa) 'C OIr (4OCN0'N('j('j'CNU)4 C'U) U)0' .Ofr 'CC- ('4IA0 o fr(54frrsJfr 4 4 4 If'If' U'IA '0sO IA .0 N 'C N a) 0' IS) U) 4 U) N -4C '.04 444

c"fr 0 'C 0' N a) fr4irfr O'r-('a)a)a)40' 0'CO'CNNOU)fr 0' CCOO 'C I" (4"IC'U) 04 4 . S• C C •• S SS • S • S SS SS •• •S •••• SSCSCSSSSC••SCSS S 55 4 0.-'O'C--'a)O 0 U) U) 'C N (4' NU' ON4'CU'4'CU)'CfrP4NC'U) C N N 0 (4)0 (54.-s N N U' o — N N (4'(4' 44If' N r',U)4 U) N C 0) '00) 'C Cs) sO 0' 0 (540 4 .Ca)'CN-4 — ————-4————

40.'-. IA U) 'C 0 U) — U) 4U)0'O'IA0'N O'U''C0'frU'4 O F) (S) 4" N F) —0' IA 4 N rM S • C • C • C C SS •.. S S S•• C • SC...... S S S S S S S • 4 0'IAfr4N'C0'000 0'- '0 '0 N 4 U) (54 N fr (4'. 'C'CO 'C .-'It (4' N'C .- 0-4 CF)4"-.--IItsNIAO o IAIA 'C if)If)'C '0 '0N 'C N NN U) N 0' a) 0' 0' a) U) 0' ('4 4 4'-

If'N ("s I'-a) 0' IA '0a) N'0U) N .-'.--' 'C(4' fr '0 C)NNOIAa)0' ('J4N(4'U)0'U) IA NN(5) a) C S • S C • S • S S • S S S S S • S • C • • SS•CSS•• S •SS •S . test... ('4 N0'0C40NN4a)O' 00 F) It' '*O.-4 N U) ('4 (4)0'N 'CU' (4'. 40' a) 4' N If' 44 O ('4 4'- '0 U)U)0s-Ia)44'- o — — NN ('4 N ('4 N ('4 ('4 444 F) 4IAIA U) IA .0 N.0 N NN a) U) 0' N U) 0' 00.- C— N N 0' sO N 0 Il) 0' U) — — _4 t'4.,

('J0U)04N F)0O.-. 0'N F) 'C -s C) 00' 0' ('40' N 0 4') O4 II)90'N U) *0' 0' ('4 IA •• S C S SS S C C •• C C S S S • S S S,S • C • 55 S S Sq CC ('4 -40NQ'f'44I-C'Nr-- U)'C F) 'CC)N U''C ('40 .CNU)0OU)it (4)0U)U)F)F)N C' U) 4'- U) 'C — 'C 'C 4'- U) 4444IA4'C'C1t4 if'IA IAIf)'C 'C 'C 'C 'C If' ON 0' 0 U) 0' N-C s-I0'0 o — — — — — —

0 N 0' — r- 0 — a)04 0'0 N fr — —. 0' 0 4'-40"CU).-.U)NN4.-'C00'04N .-(0' 0N N 'C s-I — U.' CS S S S• S C •• • S •• S S S-S S • •t• S S S S •S • S 5 • S SS S C•S •S S S (.' U' 4 0' .-4 (' ('4 U)N44 N U) 0 U)('4'C '00'U' F) (5)0(4' 444 '0 — a) ('.4 C)040'(54 U).4 N(4) 0' If) 0 '.J N — — — ('4N N N ('4 N (4'l4) 4 C) C) U'U' N 0' 0O'0U)0'.-.00.-'0'N0' — C' U) — U) 4 Cs) '04 N C' — — — — — — — —

.f'0'('4a) —'C 0 '0 40IA044N'COO IA'C 0' U''C (".'4 €4) N IS'(4) Ca) (5)0' 00'ItS 4'00 ("4 • 5•s••S•• SS •. S S S S C • 5• •• •.S•.•SS •SS•SS•SS.CS..S — a)—N a) N4 U) '00' N U) — .-I C) — If' 'C 44 sO 0 N (4'(4' 0' — — N O— — C'S C) U) Ni N U) N NNNa)N P-a) 0'(54 .-..-IQ 154 — (4' U' U' IA4 iS' 0'— . N 0 N N 0 U) C0C'f'440 4U)N 4IA o — — — — — r-I — — — — — — — — — —— — — — N('.4 — — — —

m N .-.4 4 N a) N — I'.. If'400'IA F) U) U) 0 F) 0' a) 0 a) IAN (5' ('4 sO (4) U) F) F) C' If' 0 U) F) If' f'S(4' IA N ••.••.. S SS •. S ••• S S S S SSSCSSSCS•• S • • .-' N 0 U) '0N 0 'C 'C — N 40 1$'.--'0'.1) 0IS' (4'N('-O' ,CN 0'U) '00.-a) U) U) CC'IA0'IA.-'4 0 (540' 0 N — U) IS.' 0 4'j.-'ir '0'C0'C-'40'U)0'IN O 4" ('4 15' N 4" 0* 0''0 'C'CU' U)N'C '04 IA (4'IA N 4' IAIA If' ('4 ('4 F (4'. 4 ('1(54 -( -sa)("('-F'.- 'CO'C '0 — — — — — N 4"——

U) 'C IA U) 'C N(' 0'U)I('st'C0'U)NN4 U) 14' '00' 0' .-s U) 'ON 4 (4) '0 4" N O C N 4 N 4 N C .004 — S S SS S • S S.• • •5••Us••S S • S .S...CSCS• C — C C 4' (4'40 (54 •S•••••••••O'U)if' (4'4F).N • C (5400 (('-4 IA F) 4 N0' 0 'CU) Na) 'C U) U) 0' C) ('U .-, U) 00 N N .-' 0' N, 0' CU) 0' U) '00' 54)04 N U) — _4 — —00 — — — — — — — — — — — — — —

N(('N N .t'N 0'1' U) '0 U) C) 4 N00' N F) 4 'O.-09IA04a)0'N.-O'C.-4 C) U) .-( U)U) U) IA 4 Os S CS S • SS • S S S S S SSS S S S• • S • •• C••••S•• ••• .C C C SS• 0 Nr,j-4-4U)0'rWQ' 0' U) 00' 0' IS'F) .-44 N U)U) 0'If)0'(4) .I..-' U) (4'.0 — C) a) 0 N N 0 iS'sO(('-(0 U' N 0 'CO'00N.-.frfrr'0' Ncr9NO0'NNF).-.r'44Ir NrnONOO' C U) 0'-. 0' IA0' 0' .0 If) C — — — __,__ — — — — — *—— ———— 4 -(N.-s (5) ('4

'C N (4) 4 N 4 N frOU) 0 U) 4" 9 U) 4 O 4'- N IA 'C U) (4)0'C)F) 4') 4'- 0.444NO N .4 (".40 N U) S S • S• S•• S C • ..S.SS...S C 55555555555555 o N4...•.•.S. U) 'C U) 40' .0 U) 'C N.-IUIU)ONOOU' 404"4U)O OUSU).-.0U) ('4N4 'Os-I 0 or'4r'49 0 IA 'C N It.a)N 0 IA U) ('400' 4 N — N 0 N N 0 (4sF) 00 Its (450' if) 4'- N U) N '0'CIA 4'0U) '0U' U)'C 0 N — (540' 00' F) (5)4 U) -. IS)N IS) ('4."0 4' '5' (54— — N — — — — — — — — — — — — ——— — —

—I" ('400' ('4 N — N If) C\ (4'40 N 4 N (54 N N 'C0'('S U) ('4.0 IA N'0 0' U) 00 40 0 Its ••••• .• • S S •.• C •••. •S •S •tsSSCSt S • • S 0 U) 0 ('JN 0 NN —'C — 0' N 'tOIS)a) U)N 0' 4 C'— U) N 040'0 U)N C) — Cs).-4 N '0('4 0 Its,ONa)U)N'C0'U)U' IAN (('0 .ON (4) U) U) NU)0 0(4) U)O 0 U) U) 4W N 09.-1N44 IP0U)fI".-4 —— — — — — — — N — —— — — — .-' —('S s-Is-. s-s (54 ('4 ('4 —

(54(54 NU) 4 U' 'C (540' N N(4' 40 (4) (1' 0— N 0' N— 4040U)U) U) — — 0''04 0 .44" '0 4 )S'a) a) — .. C •S •• •• S SSSCS•••••• ....•..S..• S C SCSSC•CS•CS o st'0'. N —. 0'('4 IA ((' N 0' —'00 4 4" U) ('40 4 4 F)4'- 'C.'-.40.0 'C (4) 0' (40' 4 0' 04 U' ('JO a) 0 (5) ('44'- — 0 U)(5) 4(54 N ..4 U) —(54 C'4'- F). IS)00' '0 U) N U) 4 0 '0 4' 00' (54 ('30' U) 00-I 4') U' (4'IA 454.- 4 I(' (4) fr' ('4(4' U)CN 0 '0 -, U) N-U) 0'U)0'0'0'a) N U) 4') ('4 fr. — ('4 N C' (54 .-I — — rt ri

0' ('4 C) 4 It 'C N a) 0'0 s-IN(('4It. '04'- U) O'0 .-'N F)4 U''0 4- U) 0' 0 ('4 (5) U)O'C'O'0'O 0'O' O'0' 0' 0 0000 00000'-.-. -. 54 4 — '-1 s4.4('4(54 ('3 ("4 a) a) a) a) a) U) a) a) a) a) U)0' 0'0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0'0' 0'0'O' 0' 0'0' 0'0'0' 0'0' ,- — — — — — — — — — — — — —5-————— — — —— — — ————-4—————— 256 __ YEAR1879 055 057 3.6 059 060 061 066 06713.0 069 .2 070 3.5 4.1 071 072 074 075 1883188218811880 7.05.34.63.5 40.424,330.827.719.6 4.97.0 25.923.123.615.719.6 2.81.11.31.8 .5.4•2.4 5.45,75.13.8 7.85.76.9 4.1 18.016.915.013.012.4 18881887188618851884 10.2 8.56.86.67.3 53.255.352.355.854.6 14.014.711.610.7 8.4 26.027.026.324.421.6 3.4 2.34.01.7 .6 1.2 .5.7.4 6.55.34.84.34.7 6.65.75.05.16.2 19.319.917.615.4 18931892189118901889 18.910.712.712.6 9.8 66.366.278.971.558.4 42.029.627.625.317.4 31.531.139.431.530.5 15.3 2.03.87.61.3 1.71.01.1 .9.8 10.9 9.59.18.57.1 10.5 11.510.412.0 9.5 22.625.3.4.023.424.4 18981896189718951894 22.319,018.919.519.3 82.583.580,979.678.7 70.557.747.748.436.0 40.9 46.643.839.7 11.810.328.111.017.6 19.517.1 2.13.8 29.312.420.614.4 27.619.111.314.012.4 26.919.737.135.834.5 190118991900 53.050,739.7 35.636.428.4 87.294.980.8 64.366.677.1 45.745.2 21.317.226.9 22.012.732.5 4.648.551.342.3 35.138.833.4 1.4 •8.4 59.657.258.9 49.669.650.2 o0 1905190619041902 69,061,588.759.8 46.743,541,039.126.8 92.2 109.281.397.1399.7 73.568.174.086.574.1 61.858.849.544.1349.050.8 48.456.558.632.3 27.131.634.9 50.28.27.c 3s.4 54.946.234.2 61.743.251.340.8137,0 4.1 10.1 6.013.22.1 67.463.761.659.7 70.469.160.051.756.8 k 191119101912190919081907 105,5 98.990.883.259.370,8 64.060,383.179.958.555.5 90.5 103.0 95,092.394.189,9 124.8 90.784.776.860.097.9 93.788.074.376.875.363.9 84.385,475,071.468.553.2 130.1 86.654.540.327.332.5 94.683.465.754.146.059.1 65.2 91.579.951.453.667.4 17.9 47.827.180.711.013.4 105.1103.788.698.277.180.17'.1 83.1 89.477.174.178.9 1915191619151914 205,1133.4104.7100,0 103.8100.0 90.781.7 100.066.881.476.4 220.1195.9123.6100.0 107.6 111.2102.1100.0 96.497.9 134.1101.5100.0 1171.0 160.5437.8100.5100.0 100.0 340.5352.1169.1 224.964.2 117.1142.8100.0 69.9 119.7125.6100.0 97.567.9 699.7431.1356.7121.3100.0 287.3211.01349.0106.8100.0 1615.6 c6R,7539.5100.0 98.5 1919192319221921192019181917 206.8109.5122.4308.2107,8200.6181.1 107.4110.5109.8172.2121.6102.0 60.2 290,4185.6191.6169.9118.9 97.1 200.282.0 252.2159.2174.2228.2212.5141.7 168,4141.8126.2158.6107.1121.4 68.7 181.9 168.5 86.477.064,9 128.9112.7155,3213.1677.8 102.1252.3374.1237.4 89.9 113.5143.6189.0 167.393.271.5 101.1130.7180.3152.3 87.2 681.7483.6470.0275,6249.6820.4 180.3347.2371.0293.0150.1137.3 156.0 1416.0 136.9111.8261.3211.1 APPENDIX C

TABLE

ANNUAL QUMfr1TY SELEcTFD (1913=100)

— N — 0' .34 F-'0 N In .3 0440' —"0 4 Fl a) N If' I- •.. S •••• •. S • •••5StS 4 •-I 0 r- In N U) N o .-4 N '040' U'S N '0 (41.0 0 U' '0.0 U'N N4.00 0 N '0 0' 0 00 N N .PrSi in 010 — — — — — — — — — —

9 U' Osos— .0.0 U) .0 U) — — In 0. U' U) u's N In — .0 N 0 ..0'0' 0' .3 N 0' 0.0 ON .0 O'C'JU' 0' —'9 N N 'O SS S ••• •S•• . ....•.... S St • S • I' —— — N—— r.jN N N (Si (Si In in in (Si In (Si In In C illIt'.'-( '00 In .00' 9 0' 0 4 U'. U' U' If'It. N N N 0 O — N -' — its— F'— (Si '-I —— .-' (SiF'N4 4 In UI U'

N 4 U) U) 050 U) .0 4 U' U) 0 — (Si (Si U) (I' 4 — N '04' 01 U' — '0 01 141 01 N 0.04'01 Inif' .3 U) N4 U) •• •S••S• S • • S S • •SSS•S• N O'r-'cr'ooo.0.c.-I 0 00' (Si .0 (41 .0 U) N '0 U' '00) '0(41 0.0 0InS0C'NN -'ist.('-0'N o —NN N N N N N N In (Si F' 4 49 In It' F' .3 US U)U) Cl 0 (Si In '-"0 40' .0 0' 0' — — — i4— — — —

(I, N 4 4 0' U) U) N N 'C 0' '09 F N 0' 4 In O'U)0InN U'NIn 040'—( (41.0 its 0) 01 0' 0 4 ... S • •••S• •• *SSSe S •• • S S •S • Stt•• N o N 0' U' U' 9 U) F' 4 N 0'001 r.J4 'CU) 1'- 0' 01 .00.0 O N 4 N 4(41.0 0) '-I .0 o .-•I — — N .-I N N F' N 4 U' N 4 F' 49 Ci. N (Si N 4 4 UI U.If'It..C)If. U' .0 '0 0) U) 00' 'ON N 0' .—. .- U) 0 — — — —

U'U'O'NI'—.0.-.NU'U) It 0 U) (Si It' 0' '0 N F' 9 In'In (41'0U)NU) 0' .0 'C01U' ('JO C In In 0 0) 4 0' .-.0' U) 0' •• S ••••• •... S ••••• .-S..S.S...• . S S • SS •S ••• S • S — U) .L) 4 .C) U) 9 In 0' U' 0' 0.CirU)0''CNOO N O'.N .00 O (4' 001 '0'- 'ON 4—0 o In944'.0.O,O'0 O'NNI"-.00) N U)U)NNU)CJ0' OrI 4.0 (Si 0.0 — — — — r4 — — — (Si —

0) 04 U) 0' U' 4 It- U) o N — 44 N N .3 N sO 0' (41 '0 0' 0 (41 0 01 lil'00'.-I N— U) •....S •SS•••••Se•SSSSS t S .5.5.5..•. itCi 0 (n Ins 0'— .0 if' In .0 .C'U" (si U' .040' 4 N U' N 010 0 In it 0' (Si (Si In U) 0' 'C 0 — N N N N (Si N N F'NC4144 'CNU)NU)01 0'O' 00 01 N (U U) U) 01 0' 00' — —

In In 0' 4 In U) 0' '3 N N (Si U) U)sC InS N it. In' (Si .'-'4 .3 InS (Si 0) U' U' 0' 4 (41IC' 00' ON 4'.-In sON $0' o ...... • .....S... S •S — 44SC'0NN,OU)U)... o (C' N If' (41(410' N N 0) 40' (Si '00 N — If' U, f'JN4.0 01 0 In U) U' 0-i--' 0 U' — U' o '-4 — v-4 — — — — — — — — .3II'. U' U' .0 ('-N 01 0' 0'-' 4 US U' In U'(Si 0'N'C .—s — N N N (Si .—.(Si (Si

In N -3 N — 4.0 0' 3 .0 N 4 N 0 (410' .0 In' o (Si N 0' (41 U' 0' U' (C'.-.N 4'O'.C .3 NCfl (Si 4 0' •a...... S S S ••• •SSSS• •. •...S...•S. S• . S S • •Stt•S o NNO'....-.'0.-.... 9 N 0) (Si (41 — UI Ci' .34. (41 N If' 040400 C) F' 4 (410 0 01 9.00CC' .0 N N .0 U' o U'4teU'.b,o'0,Cu'.O o 0' (Si .-' — In 00 —. — In 0' 0' — O -44 In It N U' US U' 4.0 — — ,-l — — ri — -. — — — — — — — — — — — — —

0' 0' U' (Si 00' — '0 N .00) 0) 0' .0 N 0 (410(4' In.()(Si 010 N U" (41 .-44 N 0 C' 00.0 I.#U)'0 .-lO' (11 In N U) .S St...... • ••••S••• S S t S S S S 55 O 094(nu'.4U) 0' 0 0) (Si N 409 (Si N U) U) '0 N if'001 0 N N 0 N C) 0 N 0' 0' 0' 4 (Si .00' (Si U) O U)NQ'.U)'U)U)U)OsQ.OS U)0 050 0' 0 N (Si — (Si 00 i-I 0 —. — — 0000 ('II" U) 0' NO C) — — 1-4 — ri — .-, .-$ rI r-4 — — .- — — — — — — — — —

4U) 0 0 — (Si 0' U' U) 0 (41 U) .3 U' U'.4.40 (Si '0 — 01 .0 0 ."O 00' st 01 0'U'USU' 0' 0.3 N S S St...... S....Se S S • ••S •S•S•SSt C '0NOU'ItNO.N 05.CN N .00.0 (Si 'ON U' If' U) —0'(Si InN 0 In 4 In 010 .00 U) 4 (Si o (Si (Si In F'(I' In In F' 4 4$4U'UI.Q'0'OU)NU)0' 050' 00 0) 0 0" U) 0 (Si 0 N 4 — — — _-4 — — — —

0' C) — (Si In 4 US 'C N U) 00 .-'NCC'U' 'ON U)0"O .-N F' 4 U' .CN U) 0' C — N In 'U 010' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' O'000 0000000,-s -'l- — — — -,—-4,-N N N N IL; U) a) 010) 0) 0) 0) a' 0) a'. U) U) U) 050505050' 050' 05050' 0' C" 0' 050' 0' 0' 0' 050' 050' 0.0' ,'- — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —' — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — .- — — —

258 YEAR 049 051 053 054 056 057 059 062 063 065 1882188!18901879 25.825.021.518.5 40.738.140,631.8 43.843.63c,770.0 220.0192.4167.8 11.5 Q•48.6 103.9 76,5 19.7 29.030.145.9 62,059.657.140.6 18871886188519841881 32.831.027.975,8 0.5 51.651.244.044,0 44.147.963.683.5c9.6 237.1288.0 290.8273.5252.3 17.517.414.217.31.2.1 108,1101.8100.5119.6 96.4p2,4 42.534.932.417.111.2 63.657.060.554.8 1891189018891888 26,924.523.4 46.8 50.342.639,1 60.8 48.755.558.9 86.664.679.864.3 381.2 246.4332.2358.1 25.316.421.019.8 112.2132.5115.7110.0 41.1 69.8 47.343.542.9 64.678.773.6 7.36.5 18961895189418931892 29.328.222.424.624.7 51.3 51,341.554.6 58.467.749.052.256.3 68.7 109.6177.3105.6 72.7 250.6210.7284.5140,6 18.142.728.116.227.9 107.7 88.1 104.4105.0 75,3 49.241.552.955.8 70.170,650.574.478.0 8.75.94.39.18.1 189918981897 38,234.438,0 55.2 55.861,4 59.154.564.5 266.7 257.363'.159.3 118.5 108.3 42.330.235.9 85.8 85.995.7 43.249.747.537.1 45,6 69.773.2 4.7 8.45.7 19041903190219011900 58.357.363.143.0 53.983.6 76.671.661.9 70.476.372.061.358.4 124.3106.7113.7 134.9131.880.288.2 49.2 111.7109.3111.3 59.3 41.729.4 109.6 100.5113.5 92.3 7.6 47.944.541.452.651.1 61.6 65.3 10.7 26.4 65.376,559.1 24.320.014.8 19091908190719061905 75.1 80,865.174.562.5 90,083.9 73.077.974.0 100.0 74.795.091.880.6 221.6101.8129.4131.1171.9 147.8 145.6100.4146.9145.4 79.466.956.160.255.5 100.7122.9110.9107.1 84.8 76.063.063.550.984.2 96.291.374.697.579.9 49.5 65.342.631.429.6 a 1913191219111910 96.1 100.0 81,594.1 100.0111.8 101.2 100.082.084.5 100,0160.9 99.191.7 128.3 98.6 100.0143.6 92.298.1 100.0 88.674.777.1 100.0 78.382.499.3 100.0 93.979.284.7 93.6 100.0104.0100.6 97.9 100.0 95.587.1 19181916191519171914 83,5 105,5 94.588,495,3 123.5123.1145,0111.5113.1 26.8 105.9 200.943.858.166.0 366.2323.0355.9314.5 96.6 128.5138.4126.4107,5 130.5 117.7116.0110.9 58,091.7 100.5108,7 91.687.7 62.672.47,071.490.7 110,0113.4117.4 112.298,792.0 100.5119.0104.4126.4 19201919192319221921 129.5112.7102.8123.7 95,8 106.6 117,7107,7 86.674.1 78.660.736.547.024.2 310.2275.2257.4210.1343.8 222.1 177.0 182.7136.2149.7 46.7 160.4 181.3162.2107.5 126.0103.7142.8121.2 98.4 112.4 90.767.193.265.7 189.4152.7131.8108.4 256.083.0 275.3131.3173.1111.5 YEAR 066 069 072 073 076 077 078 081 082 1882188118801879 29.324.226.816.8 l01.5 91.187.566.4 12.1 8.77.54.5 11.815.1 304.09.49.5 73.5 250.2301.9166.3 94.880.927.1 25.823.420.619.2 18871885188618941883 46.943.636.029.138.9 111.9100.5 96.7 77.210.418.620.0 14.37.1 14.511.911.411.7 262.1193.5 211.9184.8 56.833.834.444.925.2 26.3 28.023.526.824.4 18911889 50.341.143.352.9 113.5111.2106.4117.5 27.34.519.9 3•4 17.025.219.4 210.9746.2228.4 42.347.438.634.4 31.433.129.035.6 18961895189418931892ieOO 21.428.116.354.5 128.51.2 134.7155.3116.2123.4 25.250.562.032.2 20.5 128.7 28.1 27.130.425.323.4 145.4170.8185.6 95.1 46.147.831.737.0 40.2 37.133.934.335.2 1900189918981897 24.721.6 35.556.3 64.8 41.042.728.2 101.7112.3 95.992.2 63.114.611s2 44.441.111.2 60.765.655.464.6 36.2 35.427.430.4 47.145.241.939.5 19051904190319021901 35,530.830.726.826.5 89.188.271.958.8 84.5 60.864.065.3 101.1111.0 118.0124.3132.7 46.2 107.2 46.256.851.689.4 63.270.058.1 211.3109.6199.977.377.8 2.0 55.454.462.118.7 50.5 60.355.556.753.3 19101909190819071906 78.672.754,362.846.5 107.0123.6 44.075.587.7 147.8174.6 106.681.375.688.2 122.0100.3142.3135.5 92.963.457.970,9 63.994.871.079.4 144.2 145.5109.9134.4 72.4 90.969.949,774.064.2 89.879.657.969.566.7 191319121911 114.5100.0 77.675.1 100,0 100.098.0 33.983.597.6 100.0103.'122.3 97.356.8 100.0109.6 100.098.0 100,0 80.269.5 93.0 103.5 77.186.9 100.0 78.377.279.5 100.0 86.985.585,7 100.0 91.688.191.8 19181917191619141915 133.0130.1117.6105,2 235.1199.0126.8102.8 115.0113.9 97.559.3 26.0 118.8 70.947,1 23.634.647.3 185.2158.7162.3108,4 117.4114.6100.4 79.2 49.069.948.128.344.9 34.614.044.662.0 78.2 55.784.582.080.1 19231922192119201919 258.4205.6150.5145.9130.1 837,2 538.9776.8649.4332.3 106.0 84.257,617.758.6 134.8115.3128.5 64.276.7 119.6 78.155.046.225.9 141.5 113.6116.9100.7165.8 148.6125.9 163.4 80.987.0 127.2113.2 67.218.7 56.3 86.497.073.333.7 111.7 98,055.979.2 APPENDIX C

TABLEC-5

ANNUAL MINOR CLASSRS (MflLIONS OF DOLLARS)

C 0 N 4 N- N -44 N -.4 nfl U' 4 N 'C 40 U" N I" U'U''C.CI'J.CN-.O-SNO'O' 'C-OOnt ON pa S •••• Se • . • . S C S S SC Ce tee-. . C • SS • S S S • 5*5 CC •• • U' ON4U'N'CnflU'4P- 00' it U' N 0 0-i. N 'C 0-N 4'C'C4rss 411' o — — — —————-4— N.J .4.-4.4 N N N.J 44 4U''CU'U',ON C U' 'C 444 'C 0' U' .0 N n-s 9-' 9_'

4 '-a 0 N- 0 U' 0 U' it'C U' N ('44 '0 NJ N 0 N U'. N 0 U' U' 4 0' 0''0 04' N 0 '0 4 at 4 e S • S ••• • S C • • St• a. •. . •.S ••S•SS•S • •••a SeeeSSt 4 N0(*J9U'0 o — F' N.J U' 4 4 C' U C 40' it' N U' N It. C C" 4 N N N.J C 0' 4U'U'U'Panr C N- nrN o — — — — — — ._ — — — ______— __ -4 N — N U' N U' it. 4 N ISJ U' U' 44 .34 U' 4 .0 0 N.'N.J ———('4 F' — — n-S

40.-s'OU'0.-'--40'40'P' 0) 0' 0' U' '04 .- C U' 0' U' i-n.-' U' 00 N U' —44 Pa Pa '-a I'll S •••S a. •e• • • S • S • S • S S •SSSS•ttScC t• S . e.e.5..... 4 'N44.-.4U''.OU' .0 4 N N 900' U' N.J U' it'(a-N- it. at 4 N 'C 4' (5' N- o '0 U' N .400 U' C" .-. C" 0' '-'00' N N 0' — .0 U' 'C U' — N.J N 4 4 N- N (5'U'(N. N 0 —N.J N N.J N — P4 N.J N N N.J N.J N.J N N.J — N.J N.J N.J .4U'U'NU'U'U' 4444'atU'..O U'. U" 4 ii'.it'C — it- .0 U' -4—

U' .-4 0' 00U' Pa at' 0000"-' N.J U' (55 N •' U' C C P'- N- 90 4 Pa it. U' C -3 (,J 4 1- 0)0 at' 'C N .t.N- C •a a. a a. S S • •. Sea.....••••••••• •• St S •. S.C...... ISJ U' N 'C N 'C U' C N 0' U' — a—' N 0' N.J U' 'C 'C 'C C N — i-s N U' 'C C U' C C U' N 0' (a-' N40)NN' U'4U'—5U'N.J 0 9-4-4-4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 9_• 4 (a-'. 4 NO" N- it.-O (".44 N—

N.J 4 0' 00 '0 U' Os N o N.J 4 N U' U' N — U' U' 00' 0' '0 0) U' 0) — U) .0 0) — N 0' 0'0'U'0) .CO'Olt.—'U'4 it. a. •S Ca. Sa S • •. Ce..... •• •S S S •S S S • C •.S N 4CU'U'OO'CC0C N (a-'('4 N it N 0 atit. 'C U" o -. — — — N N N N N.J — N N N N N N N N N.J N U'.4U'..0-*N'090 .tU' — N N.J Pa -'.4

N U' U' 40' N- —a 'C U' Pa 4 N 0' C" U' 0 U' 000 .0 (Si .0 U' N .0 P- 0) 0' U' U' 0' N U' I'- 'C C C" N.J N N — U' -4 nfl . S ••• S S • •••5•••S•• .. S.....S.. •.e.. •5 — 'CNU'0'0'U'U'O U' — at' 4 U' 440' 4 U'NU54 O'Ol'- 0)..4U'.0'U'4 0 nfl .0 .0 ('4 U' .0 N 5'0' N U' 0 .$ p.S i-I ..4 p-I p-lr-. N.J NU'U'U'NU'U"F 94U'.U'4U'

N N — 'C it. N 'C U' 0' N U' 0 N.J U' 0' 45'. 4 U' U' SI' at' 'C ('4it n-0 N U'. U' N- 4 S S ••• S •S •C • ...... S • SS •SSSS••SS U' 'C U' .04 N 4 N.J N (Si .0.5555.5.555.t. U'. 0) 4n-5 U'. N- 9-' 'C it' U' 09 U'C CC U' 0' U' o U'44444nt.nt. U'. II' .0 U' N- 'C U' .0.0 C N- N N- N- U' U'. IN. 'C N- 'C at' 4 It'. U' 'C N —-0' NJ 0' 0 'C.-i.-. — — (a-fl (C (fi .4 ,5l

U' Pa .'-' U' i-I N IP 0 N 4 .-aNU'00'OC.-,N-PaN.JPa44 .0It'. .- — U' .40' N- U' 0' U' N.J •S .5.5.... • S ••S..e.e.c...... 4 N U' C U' 'C U' —.0 -sO' N.J .400 U' U' Ii' U) 0 '0 U' N.JF'0'CN .040U' 4N- 0 — N N rirI p-S p-jr4 — .'44 — 9-4 N F 'CC' 4 0)4 N N

'C .-' 0 U' 'CU' U'N 40 '0 0' N it'.(5'. .0 N.J .- C 4 4 i-i 0'0' (5"(5' '0-'-' N '0.4 U' InC NO 4N--0'nf'-CU'.--' — S a••• •-. 5s• 5555...... aSSSSSeS••eS .. .4 U'r-P-.--.U'4'C.C'C.C 44••••••••• U) 'C N Oat U' 0 •F U' at'. N 4 N N 'ON '0 N.J at' .-U' 5' 4 U'N .00 C 0 U'lta-.0'C'C-.Ct- U'U'NN'C0)N U' 'ON-N ON-ON-U' .-44 — F" ..' — — —

U' N U' U' U'. nfl U" 00' N nfl U' U' N 0' U' U' (Si 'C U' 4 U' 0) 0' N.J N-it' .4 a-- 4 U' U' Os .•a •••S •.S •S S. •• •SS•Se5• 55.5.555.... •. St o U'N4400U'Q'iP I'- .0 .444..5 — 'C 4' at.4.-iF'.-'CNO' (—0 o 'C'041C.44U'U"U" 4 U' 4 it. U' it' .1' U'. .0 N N N- U' 'C 'C U' 'C N- 'C .0 ii' 4 11' U' .0 N' it C U' 0-5'C" N.J 4 U'. N.J —a . —

.C.CU'N U'OC0 'ON 0' .0 U' — U' 4 N U'. U' U' U' N .0 U' a-flIN. 0' N- C N N- 5" 4 U'. 0' ('4 ('4551 -0 0 NON 'CU' U' • S • • US • • •S S. S • C S •S SC S •S •S SCSSS S C 0 'CU'NU'0'U'U'4N'C N.J U' U' .-59 '011'. N 0) 0) It'NO 'CNN4N.'"40N 4 IS' — 0' U' a) 0' 0' N- us U' F' o .'I 4 N.J N N (5'. N.J N ('4 U' N.J N.J IS' U' 4 U' (5' U' 0'. (5' U'N .-4 — .d (a-'.us' .0 It) N.J -4

4U' 0 .54904 '0 40" U' ø'0-0 r' U' U' Ii'N.J 04 (5' 0' a' C U' II'. 0''.S O .0.3.04 U' 0'- N 0' 4' .0 • S •• S S C S SS S S •S..SS.S S • ••• o N.0U'U'I'.J0U'4U'4 'C nfl 4.4 N U' 00 in nfl 0) N.J U'. 0' .0 .44 0' C nfl 0 N- 0' 0 (5'.N- at'.ii'.N.J 4 N- nt551 '0 (51 o — U' U' U' N 0 U' 00.0 NC 'C 'C .-' iON N.J U' F' U' N 0' — 4 0'i-s C" N U' U'.0 0 (55U'.4'C .3N U'U'G' 00' -5-5 .4 — i-s r --S p.' 9.4-4 -4 -49-4-4 -4 N 4 F' 4 4 iS' N- its 0'-4

— N N U' irs 4 nfl 0 .0 — U' U' U' 0 if'. F5 . a-fl — 4 4 (a- 00 0' U'. U' 0 4 IS' N '0 It' U) 0'. U' N 4 S • • S • S • S S U •5•S•StS S•• StSeeSSS SSS•5S SSSSSSC.SS 0 0-U'C,J'CU'44.--.0'U'N 40' .0 U' 000.-i U' a-fl 'CO '00' 9 U' — .0 'CU' — U' 0 .0.00)0' 0-OU.t-'CU'N 0 —— -4 — ." (Si U' N.J U' N.J 9 U' U' 4 5" — N N.' N.J .4

00 (SI U' 4 it'. 'C N- U) 050 .'-4(SI U' 4' it 'C N-- U) 0'O.-INF'4nt''CNU'00—sNU'4nt'CNU'0O—4NU' N U' U' UI U' U' U' U' U' U' 0)0' 0' 000' 0' 000'00000000000.-sn-sn--s IL' CCU'CU'C-U'U'CU' U' C U' a) U' U' U' C U' U' U'0000'0'0'.O'O'O'O'O'O'O'0'0'0'0000000'0' >- — — -4— — — _. — _4_ -4 -4 -4 -4 -4 -4— -4 -4— _____ -4— — .4-4 -4-. * -4 -4 -4 -4— — -4— — -4 -4 -4 261 APPEXDIX C

TABLEC-5

'0 a0 4-0U) NJ NJ NU' U' U' N '0 U) NJ 4 r .00' U' —— a 0.0 a N U C'SJN- 044.0U)N 00 a I" •. 5•••Se•• ••.. S • SS SS • SS S• S S S • S • S •5 •. S •5 •••••• N .i NJr.jNJNJ —NJNJ NJ 4494 4.9 U' 'C NaaU)0ONJr N 0 —— — — — — * — NJ N NJ

a a a .0 '0-U' 0O'.P'0U'40 Cr N 0F 04NC'NJ'0N0'4. 4 5•tSS•ts•. S• 5. •5 •• S • • S •• •...... S S •• N 4-U' U' '0 '0 N ..-. NJC" U' '0 C" U' .000 0 "0— 4 04.04 '0 0 _4 — — -l — — — — — — — — NJ — NJ— .

C'NJ.ON NJ 505• 5555505555••S ••• 55••• N a 0 .-' — NJ r'0- ,r ___ _csJ —

0 N 4. '0C'J U" U' U) NJ NJ 0' 'ON 0 NJ N- '00' 000400'Cr'U)4. 0' .0 Cr U) .0 NJ U) NJ — S•• . •S • S SS SSSS S ••• 55• .••.•.... S••• S••5 •S 55 555 N- NO N'ONU' 0' 4 a 'CU' Cr. C" 0 — — — — NJ— — -,— — NJ NJNJ NJ NJ NJ Cr 4.0 Na N a 0' 0' — 4 F-- 0 — 4 Cr NJ C" — 0' 'ON NJ — .-. — — — — N• NJ.-f'JCr0

4 NJ NJ'0 4. a Cr. F- .0.0 NJ 4U'40044.'0NIN- .ONt.U, ('4 U) U' U) 0 'G.' • S 5 S S SS •.S• •....5.s S 55.55• •.....•. 5• N N '0.0 F— a 0'.- .-' NJ Cr U' 0,0.0 NN0NJNJ400NJ.-INCr'O 0 0' '00 NJCNJ N 'OF-- U' 0 — — — .-i — — Cr 4U'44CI'U'NU)'0.0U)O .-. — N.CN C" 0Cr a NJ t,'0 — .-. 4 C" CrCr. NJ — —

— NJ C" f'J'4 NJ CS' 444.0N F— '0.Oa U'N a*Oq'4.U'—0'0-'C'.U)0'000C 4.0.0.5' 0' 5555.5555 S S •SSSSS55555•SS55•5 S• . S S 5 S S S ••• .0 — U' U)4 Cr44 Cr.C'J'ON '04- 4 N NJ U) C" U' '0U) 0' —00. 0 — 4 NJ N NJ NJ.- Cr U' U' C'.:44- p.:

N U) — — — CC' NJ 0 U' 44.0 U' U' 4- N- NJ .0.0 IN.-N- 4.C1'JOO' it N 0' a a — 0' NJ Cr U) N S S •555•SS5 • S S S5S5•s5 S • •....S5s . ••.S5 S. .• 5. 5* 5 '0 r. ———— — p-I — — — — —('4('4 NJ (N fC• U' SC Ct. '1) 'CU) 0 Nil" 0' C (N 'C 'C ON4'0.0.- N C" NJ U' 0' 0 __1_ U'. N .04 C' 4 NJ — NJ—

N .9 Cr' 'ON.-. CC' N- IC' ('4.0 (C'('JI'.J .QNJ CC' 0' N .-. 4. CC' 4. 'Din 4- N 4-0' .0 4 • 0 .0 .S •S5•eSS •s..S... S..... S S S S .S.*5•5 '0 CC'— NJ —CC' 44 ('4 — it 0 4 0 Cr 40' 4-Ct it.O'U).-I4'0a 04.N-C' 0' NJ U) NJ IfitU' 0 4-U'Cr. 4.4-Na aC-C' C CC it4a a Cr.0 U '0 0' .9 — p-I C" S (N — .' * r1

NJ U) U' NJ C" 4'O NJ N a00.0 U) .00 4 — NJ N CC' U) CC' .000 IN U) N U) .9 4GU)C'J — ••SS555•55505•55•55• S S S S 555t5555555 .0 U' .-.U" .-4 (N CrCr F\ p-INJ ON 4 (NU)U' 40' 4 .90 'C o (C'm.9.944444.9 4'.9 4. Cr. Cr. IN U' U' 4 .0.C'C.0'CNI'—NU)O O'aQ- .—. 1C' — NJ N 0 N 0 N- (N C' 0' p-I — — NJ Ni Cr 4 Cr N' NJ

U) .-'4.0'U) CC' 00 NJ 'C iN 'DIP' 4 N ('404.0 IN C' U'. ('4 0' '0 IN 0.0 NJ U' U' U) iS 0'.CU' — 4 0 S ••S •SS 5.5.5.55.5• ••...s.• S.... S S •SSS 55555 'C p.. — — — t%JNJ NJ('44. 44IN 4.4 N a a a U) N a 0 'ON F— N- C' Nit F- 0 -I — NJ 1" 4 .0U) ii a it'Cr .9

N .-C4.4- *0 -. — CS' NONIN000 0 CC' 0 a) 4.1 N (N U' 04 a 40 CC' C F-- — a 0 ..-i 0. S SSSSSSSS • ••e...S• 555*SS• •. . •S 5S ••• U' NJNJ IN IN 4.0.0 U' IN U' .0.0U'. 944.0'OlA IN C) IN 4 N N Ni 4 0 0 a 0 — — NJ (N ('4

0lS'4.0'.-.O 4 CC'N- r. r' 0 Nj 4 N U' 0 (\JNJ NJ 0 N NJ 0' '9 U' '0 NJ 4 CC'NJCC' 40' .9 U) ('J(N — P.- 55.555.... S S S •S•SSS•S 555555*55• SSe • S S • S S• • S • IN NJ NJ IN IN U' iS' 44 U''0 .0Naa)C'4 -.0 * — pj IN — ('4 U) N- U) C'00'O C) - NJ '0 N .9 a) 0 N 00' C) -.' 4 C .-4 — — — — — .—. NJNJ .IN NJ NJ C'4- CC'C" 4 U' it — p.. — (C'

('JIN U' N4 (C, U' NJ ('4CC' iS'N .-I 9 U) U' '0 .00 Cr IN (N 0' U) Cr N- Cr' U) it NJNJ (N U' IN — 0' a C .-. N U' 5 5 S 5. 5 • S • S • ••.s.•.. • S .S.S.SS..SS. S• •• •S.•.••• . U' — — i1 * — — — p-I — — — — — P-I NJ ('44 U' it' N N- N N N ao U) N U'0'O — — 0' If.fC' CU' 0' 4 U' 0 — — ('4

CC' 4 it' .CN U) 0'0 — C'.C' 0000000000 0*,-..-. —— — — — — — NJNJ('4 ('4 U)aa a a a a a a a a a a a a a a aa o' 000' 0' 000' 0' 000' 0' 0'0'0' 000' 0' 000' 0' ,- — — — — — —— — —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — p.-. — — — — — — — — — — — — — p-I — — — — p-I

262 APPENDIX C TABLE c-6

ANNUALVALLES,

0' P'- '0NJ F' N 0' N N'0 F' F'4 N 4N4 a)O a) F' 'CO a) 0' 'Cr' 9 P4 4 f" S S S • 5555 • S •S seSame •. S S S 5••s••S• S •.•• S •• SSS• 4 N F'. U) 00440 ' C) nfl 00' .C 0 U' N U' F' 40 0' 0' U) a) 3 N 4Ifl -4— a) N N F' N ("U ("U ('4 F' F' F' N F'4U"4U' .ON U'.0'0U' .0 U' nfl F' 44 F' 4— N N a)

N N N N ni) N- U) N NJ N (N C) C) — 4 N F' 4 a) U' N 0 N N N 4 0' N 0' N U) U) nfl('U .00' N N nfl 'C S • 555.555.SSSSSSS 555 • S S • S • S •S • S SS S ••• 55SS•••• F C)00N400494 N .0 C) .00' U' 0'U'. .-''0 4 40' O'.-.a).t'F'a) C'. — — — .- — — — — — — — — — — — — N N F' (V N N F' 4 U" U' U' 4 a) .1 a) — —— _iP4NJP4NJ(%J ——

0 NJ C) NJ .- U' iON P' — .-'0'OP-F"0d ON 0' F' 4.0 N 0 nfl 0.00 0' •0 S S ••SS S5SS • SS • •• • S SS S S.S• a •. •s S S •• • • NJ 0 0' N F' N N 'OF' IS' N NC) 'CO F' 0' ,-r'.C_i.-infl NNNOa)'0F'NNa) 0 Nr'UNt'JNCVNN NJ ('UN ('iN — F' ('4F' F' U' nfl u' U' U' N a) N U'. 0 a) a) N O — NJ N 0004 .00 P' — — — — — — — r N — —

'000 C) F' 4 U' N C) C) 4 F' C) U' — ('4 U' a) 0' N N F' N N 'C F' U' 0' N — F) a) 00' nfl — .'-. 'ON 0 P4 4 SS •.. 55 5555 5 • S S S • S UU S SS S SS • S S S SS S SS • S ('4 F' U'. It' It 'CC) f' 0 0' F' C) C) F' .-4 U' U' C 0' C) —4'0.CN.Oa)'0,l 4NF' C. — — 4-4 — — p.' — p4 — .-t — — -. .— — N N N F' F' NNa)U's,Cnf'

4 C) a) C) N 000 .' 0 NJ .-4 N N F' N- IS' 0'Oa)0'nflNa)4F'O'F'.C a) 0 4 F) I'- N 4 ('4 40 a) 0' 5• as...... •.S .55 5 5 SS S • S S S a 5.5 5 55 •• S • SS•Ss•s• S•• — C) ('4 N 0'— C)i0 .c a ('4U' U) C' F' N a' .- N 'C N .-N 04 F' a' r' 0-4 — a' a) 0- U' NJ (V a) N N 44 C) 'DO'O'OOC)C)O"N-C) 00' F' 0 N 0.00' N I'-O0'N ,b'Oa)ON a)a)0—i0 O Nj a) F' U' 0' N F' U' a) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — N N (%4 F' 0 NJ NJ F' p.4 a) a) N 040 It. NJ F' 4' 0a)ONNa)N0' NO'4NN4 0'Nr'JO •. •.SSSS.. •.. S S • SS S •• SS S • S S. S S S S • S • S — F' U' ntU' U' U' 4 4 44 .0 U' 'C) a) a) a) 0' 0.' N '34 nfl U' 4 U' U) 00' 0' 0' 0 — p.. — — — — — — — — — p., — — — — — —

(N 04 ('. it U' 40' C) 4 O .00' 'CU' U' NJ .1) 0.' Nnt'NF''00'C NNO4.-.'0O' N r' 040Cr' .-.O a) O S • S•• S SS S • S ••S S SSS SS S SS ass...... S — — p4 r4 — ..4 r4 — NJ O 0' — F) C) a) 4 F' ('4 F' C — — — — — — — ...-F'F'4

'OW 0'0'90'40'4 0' '0.0.' N U' U' 0 N P' — N N F' 4 F' F' a) a) U' N N nfl N a) a) C) '04 (N U) a) 0' ('4 C' S • 55555555 •... .. S •S•• S• S •S S S S • SS S S •. .. S •• •S O It"0OU'F)'C94P44 P' C U) 'Ca) F' 'CO U' F' '0004 .-N U' N-4 — 'OF" NO 4 9INC)("J0'p.4P4NJ00 C nU)U'49444'0'0 N- U) a) C) C) 00' a) N It) Ifi U' N N N N N a) N 0' F' O 'CU)4.CC' p.. — — — — ('4 (,J — * —

00.0 F' F' a) '00' 'ON 0 P-I ('9 4p.i 0' 1' U) 4 It'. C'a)N-.O'OONO''C'CF'O' 4 C) .04 C) it' 4 NJ C) N a, • S S S •S S S • S • S •S S S S S S S• SS • • S SS S SS o 0C).-4P'-U)44U)4(N ('4 944 (N F' F' 0 F) 0' o 4 N .0 U'. 4.0 '3.0.0 a) N sO N 00' U) 00 44 mU' o — — — p.4 — — p.' p.1 p-I —— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — r,j N NJ N — N N

94.0O.-.U)U'0' 4'CU)*nt''0Na)Oifl'0F"N a)a'C'O U) — nfl IfiC) N r.Ja) 044.0 N •• 55.55555• S• 5S••t•• •• S S •S •SSSSS.•• o — (N U) 00' C) N N -0 — '04 I • 4 F' .4 P4 NJ 0 0' 0 000 N N N U) N U' a) N U) 4 N .00 C) C) C) C) IS' N 0 C) o — 4 — N .- — — r N NJ — — 4p., p.4 rI p—i p.' p$ — — — — — — NJ — r'4 NJ NJ N N NJ N NJ NJ N 4 IS' F' 4 F'

0' 0 — N F' 4 U'. .0 N a) 0' 0 — F' 4 U .CN a) 00 N F' 4 it'. '0 N- C) 00 .-('4 F' a' 0' a' 0' 0' 0' C' C' 0' 0000000 — — — N NJ N U: a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) a) 00' 0' 00000' 0' 00' 0' 0'0' 00' 0' 00' 0' >- — — — — — — el — — — — — — r ri p.4 p.4_i — — — P4 p.4 — — — — — — — — — — p.4

263 APPEXDIX C TABlEC-6 (continued.)

N N 0' (N .0-400.0 N '0 0' U'.'U'.O00 if if4 0' 4if9 U' ...... S •S S •... S • U •• •4 •U • U S .0 ..4 .4 —NN t-4 — (N ,-I N .if 4SI...... 4 II" a)NO if'. 4 4 U'O'0NNP'IN0' O'4". 9 0 —-4—— ('.4— ('14if if a) ("0 £'-

.0440.4 Na) 4U'U' if if 4 0' if 440 U' It'.if a) U' .0 0'. 0N 0' N .0 0' ('4— I'-0N N N N N if' ...S •• I S • S •.SS S SSS I• •... S••SU •S USU • S U •SS •S •• S '0 C 0000 N 0' 0' a) U' 0' a) C if. ('4 U's 0'0 N —4' 0N Nifa) N a) if a)4 if C 0 - —— — — — ('4 .4 ('4 N N ('4 ('4 N ('4 ('4 if if 4.0 if It' N

N0' —0' if 4.0- N N 0'('4 ifNN p.- 0' 0 ('40 a)a) 4 U,if U' if a) 00' U' 4 a).'.0.000-4 a) -4 ii'.(N ni . ..S •I •e .. ••.. S ••.S• S •.S U S ••• U S •• US •.. SS• •• S S • 'C '0OO'OO'Oa)a)OsO'000 rg-40'0000' a)0'0' 0 4 N It'. a) if a) 00' 4" U'if P'- 0(' U'. N 0 o — — — ——— — — — — ——— — — r ——('4— ('4 ('4N N('4 N it'. if 4" 4

00' a) a) sr ifU' a) 0if '04 it' a) 0' ('4 0' 0' U" It'. if.0 a)4 .4— .04". U'. N '0 N 4" st' 0'NO '0I('U''0,0.-I if C 0' . SS• •• S S S • •S •• SSSS S S• •. SS S SS S U S S • S S .5 SS S • S S SSU S U' .0- ifif'. 4.0 .-.U'U' U'. .0.0 (N —a) OtI'04 a) a) if- N a) a) -IU'—('4 .1' C o N if 4ifN N if ifif 4if if if N if N ('4 N N ('4 if if (N 4" ifN IN ('4 ('4 N (N 40N (N N N ('4 4.04if 4

—U' — .0 U' 0' if .r. U'..0 if .0 a) 0.0 a)a) it' N.- 0'a) Na) ('4 .-4 0U' a)a) Na) 4 It' a)('4 ('40' 4" p..- •• • SS • S S •SS •S••• •5••SS•• . S U •• • SS US •U SS S S U' . .. . S a)if ('4 a) It a)'C 'Cr4 444-4 a)NN 0' 0' 440 0' U'. 0' U'. (N o —— — — — r-4 r.I — f'4 NN -.('4('4 .-4 N 94"sII'49U'Sr'CN.ON .0,CNa)-a)04 a)a)Na)U'.0O' .' —.4if NN (4'.if

0' a) if'0 4 ('4 a) if 0' N N.0 It' N .('J0 .0 a)'0 a) if ('- 4.0 -. 'C(Na) (,NQ.-IN0'U'f'.0'it'.0 '0 •.. •• S SS •• •• • •SS• S • S • S ••S •• •.... S 55•t• U' 5•••S•• a) 0if '00' 'CU' 4 if U,. 4U'it' a) 0' '0 — N if U' ('4 — N0' U' U'00 if 40 a) N o ('Jifif44ifif444 r-I— — p-i r'I p-I ('4-4 N N —r4 —if't-I—N ('4 .-.4if 4" 9

a)0'N Sr a) U' 0'4.0U'. N it' a) ('40 if'. a) 44.0 N(NO '0a)9 a)4 N if U' .IU'N a)if 011'.'Ca) a)0 It' It'I'- 4 •5•t•••s S • S S •• S S S •• •• U• S S • S • S •••• •.• S• S S •• S • U' 000——ONr-U'4 a) U' a) if if ('4 if — "0'40' ('40' .C a) 0' if it' .0 U' ('4 a)a) U' U' — — 'ON0.00' o N rip.4 nt-I — 4 — — — N-It-Iif'('4 U' ..-I .-I.-i.-'4.-.NN 4ififNU' if ('14 ('1 it'0' N p.-U' N .0a) (N — — C',) —

if4.00 if '0 N if .-4'C '0'0U''0U'.ifa)if'0O'O('44". 0' 0a)0'CNa)90'0ONif if. . .. •-...... • S S S •S•••• • •5•SSS•S U•S 55 • S S SS S • S S • S U' 0'Ir.('J44.04Na)O Nif ('40 It'(I'.It's('4 ('44 U'. 0' .I04" 04 if —('404 It'. I" a) it' N if Il'. 0 a)'0 0 n' NN(N N ('4 ('4 ('4 ('4 if N (N ('JN N('4 N N N ('4 NNNNif4'1if44if9 444

.0.00if a) 44 a) a) 0 a)40('4 .-44U'('4-4 if 'C-'a) 0' 0' N — U' 0('4 0'U' —N N-$,ONU,0'4'Na)N0 — .S•S •S •• • •••S.••.•• S •S S• S • S S U S ••• S • U S •• SS • S S S .r. o it'. a)'C N 0' 00 -.4 a)('400 N N .D.if 4 'Cii'. U'.. 0'.-' a) 'ON N ifO N N N o —— — — _4p.. —-4 ('4e-Ini —— — — '-4.-4 if4ifit' a) 0 N N ("41'J if'

N nI4 ('4 N —('4 .04 -.004 a) a) .-. a) if a) 0 ti'sif'...-iif.OroN—r-ifa)4 4if0 0' • S US ••• S • U • S S 55555555••• • U • •• S 55• •S 4 '0.0.0.0U'. it' .0.0 a) N 0'.-. 4 if 4 'CU's a) 00 —N — —It' 00'if C)U' 0'.-'0' N 0 N ('4('4 ('4 44" N C" It'a)sCa) 44 '0

0' C —N (C' 4U' '0 N a) 0'O C'jif 4 it ,CIN a) 0' 0 — PJ if 4 Sr '0N a) 0' 0 .-. if 4 U' U' N 0) 0' C) if Na)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)0'0'0'0'0'C'0'O'0' — — — ——— — ('4 1%) N W a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)-a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)00000000000.-i— 0'00' 0'00' 00' 00' 0' —-4 _4 — ——— — p.4 — —p.4..4 p-i 44 p4 — * — — p.4 4 p.4 4 — — — — — — —-4— -4— -4 -4— -4——

264 APPENDIX C

TABLEc-6 (concluded)

N 'C — *0 T N .04. N o — — F' 0' F' — — U' N NJ 4.0 F' 0 — U' U) — U' .-IF' .0 S S • SS S • S • • . S • S S S S S S C'44*040F'F' 4-..00U.S..... F'9 •S.•••N if' 0' 0' 0 N U' N If' U) N- — N F' F' N F F F' F' F' F' F' F' F', F F' NN U) N '00 — F' N- 'C 'C U) — o — p-i p-I

4' N F' NN ('JN 4 N N NJ 4 NJ U' N • U S S U S S S SI US • •S*SSS•••5555••5••• S S • N N U' 'C It' F' '0 *0 40' NJ P4 U) N N U) U) a' 0' *0 4' o — — — — — — — — — — —

N — 0' 4'— *00' N N I'- 0'0' N F 40' F' U) NJ U) NJ .'04 'C 'NO F' NO' .0 U) U' N NJ — S S S S• S • S S S •.. •55S55S• •SS..S 5.55555• .5 5I SS U SS S F' 4.-. it' N — N 'C .009 — '*0' 40'0 0 N4U4*0 o F F' F' NJ .-. — — — N N — N N — — ' — — — . ..-. ('U N ('U

N N N F' it' r' U' N N C 04 '0 N 0' GN .-.U) 4*0U) F' 4.-i('JO'I'J U) 0'OU)U)N-*0it'F'O4N a•...... •. • ... S ••S •• S 55555555555• S.55551555.• S U'C'*00'O'NN.--F 0 NJ if' U' 40 F' — F' N- N N NJ 0' 0' U' .0 if' .40 0' N NJ 0'. N U' .- 0' NJ — et — — — — — — — — ("FF4 44U'U)U)U'NU)U) O N N F' U) 0 F' U) N N N .4 — — — NJ 4 — — —

.- NJ .-' F 9 F' N 4 0' N N — -4 '0 F' — F 0 .0 NJ C — *00' U) .0 N- 4 NJ N F' U S • S S SS • •S S. S •• • •• S• .. 5555•555555 S • S S S S *0 — U' U) 0' N F *0 U' 0' NJ *0 U' U) IS' U' 0 NJ C — — ..4 if'. .0 — NJ — — p-i r4 p.4 — N r4 N NJ ('JUN U) U)O N- U) ("4

(" 0 N .00 0 F' *0 — it 0' N 0 N U) NJ U) 0'.-. N U) N 0' 0' 0 N U) N F' NJ 0" *0 0' U) .00' N 0' '.0 S S I S • U •••• •..• ••• S •S S •SS•••.s•• I S S S SSS..SS S N OU-9.0.09CsJf'U'sf' 4.0 N- F' .0 F' NJ F' 4*0*0 U) U) 0' — N Il' .0 0' N *0 U) N.• 0 0'. 0' 0 N 4 U) UI o — —————-4——— — — * — — — — — — — — — — ———— N P4 r4 — — — —-I—

o U' NJ N (7' if' 0 .0 if. 0 U' 0 0' .0 0 — NJ U) U' 0 U' NJ C U' N U) U) 0' 0 ('JNJF' .-iN .0. F' S • S ••••• •S • U•S*••••• •S •SSSSS.S.USS U N U' 0' 0' 0' N N 0 N F' 4' IN it — N U' N NJ .0 NJ 000 U) U) 4' U' F' .0 .0 U' U' *00' 0' .00 N 04 N U) C — — — — — -4 0' 0' .4 4 I'.' N U) '0 I" iS'. *0

0S U)'QF' U •555S555 9U) '00U' S IN •SS 400 U)S 0.—. •Ue 4 N- •S.SSSS 0' 0' U)4 IN '0 If' F' U) 000 NJ 0'. NJ 0' 0' 00 ('4 IN N ('.4 4 IS' NJ U'(NC 0' — — — — — — P4 .4 .4—i N 4

— .4 4' 44 0 1114 UINI'4 N- N 0 N. N- ('I S S S S S •• S • SSSSS.55•S NJ .0 —.00 0" 0' 0' 0'—(N NJ 0". — — — N N' *0 N U) 'C)

4U)N0.-.QU).rFU' .0.-iNJU'U'O'.ON.-*0 N 0' F' F' 4' It' '0*0 ('4 0' '0 — NJ U' if' .0 '0 N 4 0 NOg • • .•S•S••S• S•S • S. •5•U.,SS 0'4it'*0U'ir,4ir*0*0 .ON-N-NNsl'0'0'CJ'0.S....•... ill U) U' 0 I'- — 0' 0' '00". UI — — — e pj—— — — N N N N 0' 411' iS' U) 0' 0' NJ —4

0' C .4 N C" 4'U'. .0 N U' 0' 0 .-' NJ 0' 4' 11' .0 N U' 0' C) — ('U (N 4 it' 'C N' U' 0' 0 .— NJ 0' 4' U' *0 N U' 0' 0 NJ F' U)0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'0'C'000000000.-4.4.-I ———-----— — ('4 N NINJ tL' U)U)U)U)U)U)U)U)a)U) U)U)U)U)U)U)U)U)a)U) UJC'0'C'0.0'0'O'O'0'0'.0'0'0' C' 0'0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' 0' >- r4 — — .-e— .- — ra p-I — ip-. — f-i .4 p-i — -_ p-I p-* p.4.4 — — — p.* ..44 — — — — — — —

265 001k Crude 2. Hogs1. Cattle agricultural animal foods, 3. Sheep 4. Eggs in shell 5. Poultry, live 6. Milk and cream 7. Other live animals 002 8.Crude Items 5, 7 nonagricultural animal foods, 4. Salmon,5.3.2. Salmon,ItemsI. Salmon, pickled1,3, 2smoked4 fresh or dry-cured 6. Other fresh fish

003 7.Hay Items1. Hay 5, 6 004 2.Coffee, Buckwheat,1. Coffee,Barley, greenGrains greengrain grain 3. Corn, grain 1879—1923 4. Oats, grain 1879—1923 5. Rye, grain 1879—1923 6. Wheat, grain 1879—1923 1922—23 1922—23

1879—1923

1901—23

1879—1923 1913—23 1879—1923 1879—1923 1922—23 1879—1923 1879—1923 1922—23 19 18—2 1 1918—23 Vegetables 1884—1917 4.2.3. Beans,1. Potatoes, dried white Peas,Onions dried 1879—831884—1909, 1912—17 5. Items 3, 4 7.6. OtherDried freshor dehydrated veg. vegetables 8.9. ItemItems 8,6, and 7 pickles 2. Apples1. Apples in boxesin barrels and sauces 5.3.4. Lemons OrangesItems 1, 2 6. Peanuts 7. Pears 8. Berries 10. Pineapples9. Grapefruits 1879—19231879—1923 11.12. Peaches Grapes 1918—23 13. 15.14. ItemsOther 9—14 subtropical Other fresh fruits fruits 1918—23 17.16. ItemsFruit pulp15, 16 and cannery waste 1884—1917 1922—23 1922—23 1879—192 1 1908—231913—23 1922—23 1906—23 1922—23 1913—2 1

1879—1912 1922—231906—2319 13—23 1922—23 1922—231922—23

1922—23 Export Class and Covered COMPOSITION rears asin COVERAGE OF TABLE 0-7 MINOR EXPORT Export Class and Tears Commodity Composition Uncovered 006 Commodity Composition Covered 1920—21 Uncovered 1912—2 1 1922—23 1920—23 1879—1921 007 Fruits 1898—19071918—19 1899—1912 007 Fruits 21.20.19.18. Apricots, dried OtherItems dried 17,nuts 18 fruits 22. Peaches, dried 24.25.23. Items Items 7, 22—23 21,5, 8, 24 19 26. Items 6, 20 27. Prunes 28. Raisins and other 008& Beef 1.29. Beef, Items fresh 4, 25, 27—28 dried grapes pickled or cured 4.2.3. Beef, other cured Beef, canned 5. Beef, pickled 009a Pork and related products 3.2. LoinsitemsI. Pork 1,and carcasses, 2 other fresh fresh pork 5.4. BaconHams and shoulders, cured 6. Pickled pork 7. Pork, canned 8. Sausage, not canned 10. Sausage9. casings Sausage, canned 1902—12 11. Items 8,9 1906—12 12. Items 3, 6 13. Items 4, 5

1898

1879—1923 1887—19231879—83,1884—1909 1910—23 1884—1909 1922—231922—23 1881—19231891—1921 1881—1923 1884—1923 1900—23 19 13—23 1913—23 1918—23 1913—17 1901—12 1906—23 1879—83 1879—80

1906—12 1902—05 1898—1901 010 Other meats and3.2. 1.productsPoultry Mutton and and game, lamb fresh 1889—1905 4. Other canned meats Poultry, canned 6.7.5. Meat extracts and Veal,Items fresh 3, 4 bouillion cubes 10. Item 9.8.9 ItemsandOther sausage, 6—8 meats and cannedproducts and n.e.s. Un- 11. Items 5,10 canned gjjr. Lard, oleo, and related 2. Lard1. products Oleo oil 3. Neutral lard 1879—1923 8.6.4.5. Lard7. Items compounds 5, 6 Items 1,8,10, 39 11 10. Oleo9. containing Vegetable oil-lard compounds 1884—1923 012k Dairy products, 11. Vegetable oleomanufactured animal fats 1. Butter 1922—23 2. Cheese 1922—23 1900—21 1922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1901—21

1900 1879—97 1884—99

1879—86

1884—90

1911—23 923 1882—1923 1879—11911—23 1897—1921 1882—1921 1882—1910 1879—81 1922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1922—23

1879—1923 (continued) 1879—1923 4.3. Milk, Daiiyevaporated productr, Milk,manufactured condensed (coscr.) 5. Milk, powdered 013 Manufactured animal 6. Items 3—51. Cannedfoods, salmon nonagricultural 3.2. Cod,Haddock, salted hake, or dry- and curedpollock, salted or 4. Items 2, 3 dry-cured 5. Herring, salted or 7.6. ItemsOther 15,fish, 19, salted 20 ordry-cured dry-cured 1920—23 9.8. CannedOther canned sardines fish, including tuna 1920—23 10. Items 8, 9 1920—23 11. Oysters, canned or fresh 1910—19 1879—1909 1879—1923

1922—23 1888, 1915—23 1889—1909, 1911—14 1879—831888 1909—231889—1 909 191 1—23 12.Manufactured Other shellfish animal foods, nonagric. 1922—23 13. Items 17 and 18 1922—23 1888—1921 14. Items 4—fl 15. Pickled mackerel 16. Items 19 and 20 17. Caviar 20.19.18. Other OtherPickled pickled fish herring products, fish, excludingexcept caviar herring and mackerel 1879—83 21. Items 5,61. Wheatgrain flour products 4.2. RyeCorn3. Oatmeal flour meal and and flour rolled oats 1884—88 6.5. Rice7. Buckwheat grainflour, meal flour and broken rice 1884—871888 1898—19081889—93 8. Corn hominy and 1884—871888 1889—93

1879—1923 1879—1923 TABLE C—7 (continued) Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 013 Commodity Compositwn Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 1884—1923 19101888—93,1884—1923 1909—23 1922—231913—23 1889—19081879—1912 1922—23 1894—1908 1898—1908 1922—23 1884—1909, 1911—21 Flour and other 1879—1923 grits 1922—23

1922—23 23. Barley malt 25.24. Other Bran, breadstuffs, middlings, other includingmill feeds dried grains 26. Items 16, 24—25 and malt sprouts 1922—23 27. Buckwheat 28. Items 26, 27 1922—231922—23 29. Items 3, 28 1922—23

1895—1916 1922—231898—1921 1919—21 19 19—23 1917—18 1913—16 18981879—90, 1898

1898 1897 015a Vegetable oil, cake, 3.2. CottonseedItems1. 1, and2 oil, meal Cottonseed oil, cruderefined 1897—98 4. Cottonseed cake 1884—96 5. Cottonseed meal 1879—83 8.6. Linseed7. meal LinseedItems 4, cake5 11.10. Coconut9. cake CornItems cake7, 8 12. Peanut cake 13. Other oil cake meal 14. Other oil cake 15. Items 12—14 16. Items 11, 15 17.18. Items 6, 9 016 Otherfeeds 3. I.Corn Bran feed and middlings ScreeningsVegetable stearin 2. 1922—23 5.4. Other mill feeds Sorghum, Kafir, andmilo maize 6. Items 2—5 1922—23 8.7. PreparedDried grains feeds, and not medicinalmalt sprouts 1879—1921 1915—23 1915—23 1894-191918—23 14 1918—23 1894—1917 1904—12

1913—23 1922—23 1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1913—21 014a Flour and other grain 11.10. OtherWheat9. wheat macaroni products andproducts (coNT.)Other corn prepara-spaghettitions for table use 1922—23 13.12. CerealOther grainsand breakfast and flour Items 13, 14 foods, n.e.s. 14.17.15.16. Rice OtherCereal bran grains andand breakfast polishand flours foods, n.e.s. 18. Barley flour 1922—23 1920—231913—23 19. ItemItems 19 17, less 18 14 20.21. Wheat bread, biscuits, cakes, 1879—1923 22. Rice, including flour, mealcrackers and grain 1916—231899—1921 1922—23 1922—23 1922—231920—21 1879—93 1916—231913—1) (continued) 016 Other10. Items feeds9. 1, Items(cowr.) 6 7, 8 11. Other breadstuffs 017 Vegetables12. Items2. and9, CannedI. 11 products,Canned manufacturedbeans asparagus 3. Canned peas 5.4. ItemsOther 1—4 canned vegetables, n.e.s. 6. Canned corn 7. Canned soups 8. Canned tomatoes 10. Pickles9. Itemsand sauces 5-8 11. Vinegar

018 Canned and dried fruits 12. Yeast2. Prunes1. Raisins and other dried grapes 3. Apricots, dried 4. Apples, dried 1901—21 5. Peaches, dried 1899—1912 6. Canned peaches 7. Canned pineapples

1899—1923 1899—1923 1913—23 1879—1923 1901—121899—1900 1913—23 1922—23 1922—23 1918—23 1922—231918—211922—23 1920—23 1918—23 1918—23 1918—23 1879—1917 018 Canned and dried8. Canned fruits pears 1913—23 10.11. Canned Canned9. plums Canned apricots cherries 1916—231879—98, 1916—23 12. Other canned fruit 13. Items 11, 12 15.16.14. ItemsItems Items 6,9, 1510,7, 8, 13 14 19.18.17. PreservedItemsFruit juices16, 17fruit, and jellies, flavoringand jams extracts 019 Sugar and related 2. Glucose1. Refinedproducts, sugar agricultural 3. Grape sugar 4. Syrup, including maple 5. 6.Molasses Honey Items 2, 3 Refined brown (Item 1 sugar, except 1899—1923 10. Items4,59. Brown sugar less 9) 1908—23 1908—23

1898—1923 1898 1920—23 1922—23 1922—23 1883—1907 1923 1923 1922 1920—21 1884—191719 18-19

1884—1923 Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered rears Uncovered TABLE C-7 (continued) Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 1916—23 1879—83 1899—1923 8.7. 1882—1908, 1916—23 1879—98 1879—98

1879—97 020 Sugar and related 1. Confectioneryproducts, nonagricultural 021 Coffee, chocolate, and spices 2. Cocoa,Chewing1. Coffee, powdered, gumroasted and chocolate, including 4. Items3. Spices 1, 2 sweetened 1879—19231916—23 022 Malt beverages 2.5. MaltItems1. Malt extracts 3, extracts 4 and and beverages in bottles 023 Wines3. Items 1, 2 coveringsbeverages in other 1921879—98 1—23 1899-1920 2. Wine3.1. WinesWine in bottlesin other coverings 024 Alcoholic beverages,2. Rye3. Bourbon1. Rumnonagricultural 1884—19091879—83, 1910—23

1884-1909

1902—23 1879—1921 1884—1921 1902—231884—94, 1913—2 1 1884—19011884—88, 19 16-23 1879—83

6.5. TotalMineral distilled waters liquors (Items 1—4) 8.9.7. Other beverages, OtherItems 6,distilled 7 liquors,n.e.s. n.es, ex- 1879—1920 cluding brandy 10. Brandy (Item 4 less 10) 11. Alcohol 13.12. ItemsPure, 2-4,neutral, 11—12 and cologne spirits 025a Crude tobacco 3.2. Tobacco,1. leaf, stems, Stems,Leaf trimmings,tobacco trimmings,scrap scrap 026 Manufactured tobacco 2.1. productsCigarettes 1884—1923 4. Cigars5.3. SmokingOther and tobacco cheroots tobacco manu- Plug tobacco factures 1898—1923 1891—19081884—881891—1908 024 Alcoholic beverages, Items 9, 10 4. nonagricultural (cows'.) 1913—23 1922—231884—90, 1909—21 1879—88 1884—88 1922—23 1913—211922—23

1879—83

1884—1 923

1879—83 1884—1923 1895—1912

1889—1923

(continued) 1913—23 026 Manufactured tobacco 8.7.6. Items 1, 7 productsItems (coscr.) 3,2, 65 2. Calfskins1. Cattle hides manufactures, crude 3. Sheep and goat skins 4. Items7. Items 5, 63, 5 skins 028k Hides, leather, and 8. Items 1, 2, 6, 7products, semimanu- 1898—1912 2. Upper1. Upper leather, leather, goatfactured cal and wholekid, including kip 1884—97 3. Patent upper leather glazed kid 1879—83 4. Sole leather 5. Upper leather, cattle,

1913—23 1913—23 Hides, leather, andJaciuredproducts, (CONT.) semimanu- 1911—23 6. Upper leather, cattle, wax and rough Items 5, 6 splits 1913—23 10. Upper9.7.8. leather,Upper leather, other horse Upper leather, sheepand coltlamb 1884—1923 13.11.12. Belting leather Items 7,8—10 11 16.14.15. GloveRough Upholstery leather tanned andleather auto leather 17.18. Harness, Fancy collarleather and saddle leather 21.20.19. ItemsOther Case, 16—20 leather bag, andand strap tannedleather skins 22. Items 1, 12 1922—23 25.24.23. Items 13,2, 3 Items 14, 21 23 26. Items 4, 22, 24, 25 1922—23 1922—23 1918—211913—17 191 1—12 1911—231913—23 1922—23 1922—231922—23 Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered TABLE 0—7 (continued) Commodzty Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 027 Hides, leather, and 1918—191920—23 1922—231922—23 6.5. OtherHorse, hides colt, and skins,ass excluding furs 191 1—12 1879—1912 1884—1910 1884—19101911913—21 1—12 1884—97

1922—23 1923 1911—23

1922

1913—22 1913—21 1898—1910 C-, 1898—1912 grainsplits and finished 1920—23 1883 028a Hides, leather and 27. Sole, upper, andfactured—(costr.) otherproducts, semimanu- leather excluding morocco and other fine leather 029 Hides, leather, and 28. Morocco and1. Boots other products,and shoes, manufactured fine leather 4.3.2. BootsLeather and belting shoes, children'swomen'smen's and boys' 5. Belting leather 6. Items 4, 5 7. Slippers 8. Harness and saddles 10. Athletic9. Leather shoes, etc.gloves 14.12.13.11. ItemsOther ItemsPocketbooks 9,manufactures 10—12 13 and purses of leather 1920—23 030 Furs, unmanufactured 2. Furs,1.15. Furs, Items undressed undressed 1—3, 7 and dressed, and manufactures of 1913—23 1879—1923 1918—23 1922—23 1922—23 031 2.Furs, Dressed1. semimanufacturedDressed fur, fur, muskrat fox 1922—23 3. Dressed fur, skunk and civet cat 1918—21 4. Dressed fur, oppossum 1879—1917 5. Dressed fur, other 8.7.6. ItemsOtherFur apparel, 1—7 fur manufactures, except includinghats waste 032 Other animal2. products,1. crude, agriculturalHorses 3. Tallow, inedible Tallow, edible 1922—23 4. Items 2, 3 1922—23 6.5. Bones,Mules, hoofs,asses, and horns,burros unmanuf. 10. Bones and9.8.7. Feathers,Items bone 7,dust 8 dressedcrude, not and manufacturesdressed of 033 Other animal products,1. Glue ofsemimanufactured, animal agricultural origin 1922—23 1922—23 1922—23 1922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1913—21

1879—88

1879—82 1879—82 1913—23 1913—14,1883—1909, 191922—23 13—23 1922—231922-23

19 13—23 1879—821898—1921

1913—23 1920—23

1913—19

1879—1912 1889—1923 1922—23 191879—1912 13—23 1922—23 1879—1921

1879—1912, 19 15—2 1 (continued) Other animal products, 2.3. Items sernimanufactured,1, 2 agriculturalVegetable glue 1922—231889—1909, 1912—2 1 1922—23 1922—231908—21 4. Neat's foot oil 1922—23 5. Whale oil 1922—23 6. Other animal oils 8. Grease7. Items stearin4—6 11.10. OleoStearic9. and Oleicand lard other acid stearin or red oil fatty acids 14.12.15.13. ItemsOther OleoVegetable 8—Il animal stock soapgreases, stock oils, and fats 16. Items 13—15 17. Lard oil 18. Beeswax

034 Other animal1. products, Cod and semimanufactured,cod liver oil 1922—23 nonagricultural 21.20.19. Grease,Other Wax animal manufacturesincluding products, n.e.s. lubricating, and 4.3.2. Shells,OtherItems fish1 unmanufactured and oils 2 1879—19211922—23 22. Whale oil soap stock 035 Rubber and products, 2. Scrap5. Whale1. Reclaimed and oil oldsemimanufactured rubber rubber 1879—98 23.Commodity Other animal Composition oils Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered TABLE C—7 (contimsed) 036 Rubber and products, Commodity Compositson1. Tires, Exportmanufacturedtubes, Classetc. for and automobiles 1913—23 Covered Tears Uncovered 033 1879—88 4.2. OtherRubber3. Rubber tires belting andboots tubes 1913—23 1913—23 5. Rubber hose 10. Battery9.8.6. RubberDruggists' 7.jars Items and soles4—6packing rubber and heels sundries 12.11. Other electricalhard rubber goodssuppliesaccessories

1913—23 1916—231879—92, 1898—1907,1916—23 1906—23 1922—23 1899—1923 1922—23 1922—23 1913—21 1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1913—2 1 1879—1912

1916—23 1884—1912 1899—1907 1879—1907

191 1911—12 1—12

1920—23 1920—231900—191920—23

1918—23 1920—23 1922—231922-23

1922—23 036 Rubber and products, 14.13. Rubber Tire accessories thread manufacturedand (coNr.) repair materials 16.15. ItemsOther 10—15 manufactures of rubber 17. Items 9, 16 18. Items 8, 17 21.20.19. CanvasItems Rubber 19, shoes 20shoes with rubber soles 22. Items 1, 2, 18 23. Items 7, 22 037 Oilseeds,24. Items crude 3,2. 21 Cottonseed1. Items2,3 1922—23 038 Vegetable 3.oils, Flaxseed expressed, 1922—23 4. Coconut3.2. Soya1. bean oiland oil fats, semimanufacturedCornLinseed oil oil 8.6. ItemsPeanut7.5. OtherCocoa 3—7 oil vegetable butter fats and oils 9. Items 2, 8 1922—23 1920—21 1918— 19 191 1—17 1922—23

1922—23 1913—21900—10 1 1879—99 19 12 1889—1912 1879—88,19231879— 1913—22 1879—19231889—1912 1913—22 1898—1923 1920—23 1920—23 039 Other vegetable products, 3.2. Items1. 1 andcrude, 2 agricultural OtherRed clover clover seed seed 1920—23 4. Timothy seed 1913—191920—23 1920—231898—1912 5. Alfalfa 1884—97 8.6.7. Other Hops Items 5, 6 grass seed 9. Ginseng 12.11.10. OtherVegetable oilseeds,field and and flowern.e.s. seedsforage plant seeds Items 10—12 16.15.13.14. ItemsOther 14,nursery 15 or Fruit stock, cuttings,greenhouseseedlings stock 17. Broom corn 1922—23 1922—23 1922—231889—11880—192 923 1 19.20.18. Other Other seeds, crude including vegetable Items4,20Items 7, 13 flaxseeddrugs 21.22. Items 3, 21 1922—23 1913—2 1 1879—1923 1879—1923 1922—231898—19211922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1898—192 1 1889—1923,1882—1909 19 12—23 1889—97

1884—88 1884—881898—1912 1880—83 1879 (continued) 010 Other vegetable products,1. Rosinsemimanufactured, nonagricultural 1884—1923 040 2. Spirits of(easer.) turpentine 4. Other5.3. ItemsChestnut tanning 3, 4 extract extracts 6. Wood turpentine 7. Tar and pitch, wood 8. Items 6, 7 11.10. TurpentineTar9. Moss and pitch 1884-88 1884—88 12. Bark for tanning 16.13.15.14. ItemsItem ItemsItem 10 5, 112and1, and 10, pitch 11 turpentine 1879—821883 041 Other 2. Other1. Cornstarch starchmanufactured, agricultural vegetable products, 3. Items 1, 2 4. Peppermint oil 1906—12 5. Other essential oils 1922—23 6. Items 4, 5 1922—23 1909—21 1916—23 1889—1908 1889—1908 042a Cotton textiles, crude 1906-08 2. Cotton3. Unmanufactured1. Cotton, linters unmanu- cot- factured ton except linters (continued) 4. Sea5. Unmanufactured Island cotton cotton except Sea Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered rears 1889—1905Uncovered TABLE C-7 Commodity CompositionExport Class and Covered Tears Other vegetable products,semimanufactured, nonagricultural 1879—1923 Island Uncovered 1922—23 Cotton textiles,1. manufacturedDuck, unblcached 1917—23 5.4.2. OtherDuck,3. Items cloth, cloth,bleached 1, 2bleached un- 1917—23 bleached 1917—231907—16 1922—23 6. Items 4, 5 1907—16 1889—97, 1913—21 1898—1904 1905—23

1898—1904 1879—88

043 Cotton textiles,1. semimanufacturedCotton mill waste 1899—19231879—88 4.3.2. ItemsCombedCarded5. Cotton, 2, yarn, 3yarn rags, not except combed 1913—211922—23 C-) 1918—23 paper stock 1918—23 1879—1917 189 1—1923 1913—23 1879—90 1891—1923 ItemsOther 9—11 cloth, piece dyed Knit goods, hosiery GlovesKnit goods, underwear 17. Items 15, 16 Sweaters, shawls, andother outerwear 18. Items 13, 14, 17 20.19. Collars Corsets and cuffs 21. Overalls 23.22. ShirtsUnderwear, not knit, for men and boys 25.24. ItemsOther 2 wearing 1—24 apparel, for men and boys 26. Dresses and skirts 1918—231915—231879—1914 27. Shirt waists and 29.28. Other Underwear, wearing apparelnot knit, forchildrenforblouses women women and and children 1918—23 1922—23 1922—23 1913—17 1908—121918—21 19 13—23 1918—23 1922—23

1922—23 1922—23

1922—23 1918—21 1922—23

1922—23 Cotton textiles, manufactured (cor.rr.) 31.30. Items 25, 30 Items 26—29 32. Laces and embroideries 1922—23 33. Blankets 34. Sewing thread 36.35. TwineCrochet, and darning, cordage and embroidery cotton 37. Items 34—36 38. Damasks 39. Pile fabrics, plushes, 42.41.40. HandkerchiefsOtherTapestries cotton and fabrics, other n.e.s.upholsteryetc. goods 43. Lace window curtains 44. Cotton bags 45. Mattresses 46. Quilts and comforters 48.47. SheetsTowels and and pillow- bathmats cases 49. Cotton belting 51.50. ItemsOther 49,manufactures 50 of cotton, n.e.s. 52. Items 38, 48, 51 53. Items 33, 37, 52 54. Items 19, 31 1918—21191913—23 13—17 55. Items 13, 54 1918—23 56. Items 3, 6 1922—23 57. Cotton yarn 1922—23 1922—23 1918—21 1922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1922—23 1922—23 1922—23 1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1923

Cotton textiles, manufactured (coier.) 1917—23 1923 10. 9.8.7. Duck,Other coloredcloth, yarn or Items 7, 8 stock dyed 1915—231915—161917—23 11. Other cloth, printed 1922 1918—2119 13—17 12. 1908—12 13. 1889—1907 14.

15. 16. C)

1922—23 (continued) 1879—1906 1904—12 Export Class and TABLE C-7 (continued) 044a 58. OtherCommodity manufacturesCotton Composition of cotton,textiles, n.e.s., manufactured (cor.rr.) including rags, laces and 59. embroideries,typewriter ribbons and 60.61. Cotton waste, cop Items 57, 58 mill 045 Other vegetable textiles, manufactured Items 59, 60 and 045 Other 15. Felt base and oil manufacturedcloth (coter.) vegetable floortextiles, coverings 4.3.2. SisalManilaItems1. Binder or 2 cordagehenequenand twine 3 cordage 192219231910—23 16, Items 13—15 7.6.5. CordageOtherJute, yarn, cordage cordage, except juteand twine 1884—192!1922—23 9.8. BagsTwine, of excludingjute binder twine 1882—19231910—21 19.17.18. OilLeather cloth, cloth except and for artificialfloors leather 12.13.11.10. ArtificialLinoleum,Other manufactures silk inlaid hosiery of Items 10, ii artificial silk 1918—23 21.20. Other Jute manufactures bagging for cotton of jute Jute burlaps 22. Flax, hemp, and 14. Linoleum, other 24.25.23. WindowWaterWater proofedproofed shade, clothing autobook cloth,ramie manufacturesetc. etc. 28.27.26. Items OtherOther 19—27 textilemanufactures manuf. of vegetablecloth, fiber 1922—23 30.29.31. HatHats Itemsbraid of straw,29,of straw, 30 palm etc. leaf 1898—1921 33.32. Hat Oakumtrimmings 35.34. Fur felt hats Wool felt hats 1898—1923

191922—23 13—23 1922—23 1922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1879—1921 Covered Tears Uncovered Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered rears Uncovered 1922—231879—19211922—23 —4 1904-12 co 1898—1903 1918—231922—231882—88, 1916—23 1922—23 1898 1879—97

191719 18-23 C') 1922—23 1922—23 045 Other 37.36. Items 38—40 manufactured (cowr.)Items 34, 35 vegetable textiles, 39.38. Hats,Other for hats women and caps, and children,men's and un- boys' 40.41. Hats, Items for 33,women 36, 37 and children,trimmed trimmed - 44.43.42. ItemsGarters 42, and 43 arm Suspenders and bracesbands 45. Items 1, 8 46. Items 7, 45 48.47. OtherHemp cordage,cables and rope cordageand twine 1918—211922—23 047046 Wool textiles, crude Wool1. Wool textiles, and sernimanuf. mohair, unmanuf. 048 WoolI. textiles, manufactured Wool rags 2. Other1. Wool wool clothmanuf., and dress exceptgoods wearing 1918—21f9l8—21 apparel 1918—21 19 16—17

1922—23 1922—23 1918—21 1913—231889—99, 1916—23 1879—88 8. Flannels and blankets

10.11. Cotton9. Otherwearing wool manuf., Items 6,4, 911 apparelmci. rags 1884—88 049 Silk12.13. textiles, Items manufactured 8, 10 Silk wearing apparel 1918—23 1918-23 4.3.2. Sewing,Thrown1. silk,embroidery spun Broad silk dress goods 1918—23andsilk, crochet etc. silk 1910—12 7.6.5. Velvets,SilkRibbons, bandings, plushes, except bind- vel-etc., vetinc! and plush ribbons 10. Items 9.8.3—9 Laces,Other manuf.veils, and of em-silk broideriesings, etc. 1898—1909 11. Items 1, 2, 10 1913—17 1884—19091879—92, 1899—1909

1898—1909 018 Wool textiles, manufactured 5.4.3. ItemsWoolItems 6—9 wearing1, 2 apparel, joel. knit goods 1889—19231913—17 1884—881879—831884—97 6. Wool7. Carpets dress goods 1894—98 1879—83 1884— 1909 1883

1879—821879—82 1922—23 1918—23 1922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 (continued) 1882—1919 18—2 1 12 TABLE 0-7 (continued) 050 OtherCommodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 051 Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered animal textiles, 1879—82

1. Cattlecrude hair, unmanuf. 1922—23 Wood18. and Logs, related masts, products,crude (coaT.) 3.2. ItemsOther 1,hair, 2 unmanuf. 1879—82,1922—23 1913—21 19. Other unmanuf. wood, timberand other whole spars, 1879—82 051 5.4. Manuf.Items 3, of 4 hair, n.e.s. 1883—19121879—82, 19 13—23 052a Wood and related products,semimanuf. excl. firewood Wood and2. related Logs,1. Logs, products, Douglas southerncrude fir pine 1922—231918—23 Boards,1. Timber, planks, sawed, and southernscantlings pine (Items 1912—23 6.4. Logs,5.3. Logs,Items hardwoodsother cedar3, softwood4 1918—231918—21922—23 1 4. Yellow3.2. CypressDouglas pine, fir southern 1922—23 2—14) of: 1922—231912—231913—23 9.8. FirewoodItems7. Pulpwood 7,8 and other unmanuf. wood 1909—11,1909—211922—23 7.6.5. Yellowpine,Yellow pine,pine, short westernpitch leaf or 1912—21 long leaf 1912—21 13.11.10. Logs,ItemsLogs, except1,oak 2, 5, hickory, 6 oak, andwalnut 1912—151912—15 1916—17 13.11.10. GumWhitePoplar9.8. pineRedwoodYellow pine, other 1912—231913—23 17.16.15.14.12. Logs,ItemsLogs,Firewood 9,hickory18,walnut 19 10 1893—19081879—921912—15 1883—92 15.16.17.14.12. Staves, OakItemsSpruce slacktight 15 and 16 1898—1921922—231912—23 1 052a Wood 18. Timber, hewn orsemimanuf. (coNT.) and related products, 20.19. Timber, Timber, hewn hewn or or othersawed, than softwoodcedarDouglas southern fir 1922—23 pine, Douglas fir 21. Items 18—20 and cedar 22.23. Softwoods, Softwoods, hewn sawed, cxci. southern pine 26.25.24. Timber,Items 24, hewn 25 or sawed,exceptsawed, hardwoods oakoak 27. Hardwoods, hewn 052a Wood and related products, 37. Ash semimanuf. (coNT.) Boards,29,30.28. Items Hardwoods,Items planks, 22, 23,27 and 28 sawed 34.32.33.31. OtherChestnut HemlockItems softwood 31, 32 31—41)scantlings of: (Items 38. Other hardwood 35. Hickory 40.39. Items Items 34—36, 37, 38 39 36. Walnut 41. Items 33, 40 42. Piling 44.43. Telegraph,Lath trolley, electric light poles 45. Other lumber 46. Items 42—45 49.47.50.48. BoxItems BoxHeading shooks, 47, shooks, 48 southern other pine 53.52.51. RailroadItems 51, ties, ties,52 soft-hardwood 54. Items 1, 30 55. Boards and planks, other, excl. joists 57.56. ItemsJoists 3,and 6—8, scantlings and11—14, scantlings 55 58. Shooks, except box 59. Items 46, 53 60. Items 17, 50 1922—23 61. Pickets, palings, bed slats 1922—23 1913—21 1884-1911

1912 1923 1884—1911 1923 1884—1912 1922 1899—1912 19 18—2 1 19 13—17 1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1922—23 1913—2 1

1923 1922—23 1879—19221923 1920—21 1898—1923 1918—19

1918-19

1922—23

1922—23 1920—21 19 18—19 19121884—88, 1889—98,1899—1912 1913—171918—19 1913—17

1923 1923 1922—2319 18-22 1922—23 1922—23 1884—98 (continued) 1893—1912 1884—97

1884—92 052a 63.62.Wood Laths and related products,semimanuf Hoops and hoop poles 65.64. ItemItems 59, 29, less 54 Items 61—63 66. Items 56, 57 67. Items 58, 60 68. Items 61, 63 Co 053 Wood and related products, 2. Wood3.1. ShinglesOther chairs woodmanufactured furniture 6.4. Shooks,Items7.5. Shooks,Doors, 2, tight3 sash, slack and blinds 8. Items 6, 7 11.10. Items Hardwood 9,9. 10 Other flooring manuf. of wood, n.e.s., mci. Item 14 1879—1923 12. Cane and reed rnanuf., 1918—23 1918—23 053 17.16.Wood Handles and relatedfor agric. products,manufactured (cowr.)Boats, oars, and implementspaddles 1879—191884—1923 17 18. Handles for tools 1922—23 19. Items 17, 18 1922—23 20. Items 8, 14 1918—21 21. Items 15, 16, 19 22. Barrels, casks, and TABLE C—7 (continued) 23.24. Trimmings Woodenware and mouldingshogsheads Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 27.25.28.26. CorkOtherCommodity ItemsCork discs, manuf. 25—27stoppers washers,Composition of cork Export Class and and wafers Covered rears Uncovered 1879—83 1879—92 1879—83 29. Other manuf. of wood, md. incubators 1884—92 31.30. Items Items 5, 23,22, 2929 and brooders 1879—92

1879—831879—83

1923 1923 1922

1922—23 19 18-23 1922—23 1918—21 1923 1918—21 1923 19 18-22

19 13—17

1884—19231879—1909, 1912—23 1879—1923

1922—23 1922—23 1922—23 1916—21

19 13—17 1910—Il1884—1909, 1912 1879—83

1922—23 13.14. Veneers Shooks, and other plywood n.e.s. 1922—23 15. Items 11—13 051 Paper and related products, 1. Sulphite wood pulpsemimanuf. 2. Soda wood pulp 054 Paper and related products, semimanuf. Paper and related products,manuf. (coNT.) 4. Items5.3. OtherRags 1—3 andwood other pulp paper stock 1910—231898—19211922—23 20.19.18. Tissue itemsGrease and 1 1—17 proof crepe andpaper waterproof paper 1918-21 055a Paper and related products, 21. Toilet paper 2. Book1. Newsprint paper,manuf. not paper coated 1911—23191 1—23 24.23.22. ItemsCashPaper register20,towels 21 andand addingnapkins machine 5.4.3. WrappingItems 3, 4 paper, otherKraft 1913—211922—231922—23 28.27.26.25. ItemsPaper 18, 10,bagshangings 19, 25 22—24 paper 8.7.6. EnvelopesPapeteriesWriting paper, cxci. papeteries 1913—211922—23 1884—1912 32.3!.30.29. PlayingBoxesWallCarbon board and cardspaper cartons (plaster Ii. 10.Cover Paperboard paper9. Items and6—8 strawboard 1915—23 1922—23 35.34.33. ItemsItems 5, 31,1, 26, 2 33 28—30 board) 1918—23 12.14.13. Surface BristolsSheathing coated and and bristolpaper buildingboard paper 1922—23 38.37.36. ItemsStationery 9,34, 36, 35 other 37 than paper 17.16.15. PhotographicOther Cigarette paper paperand paper pro- and ducts,books n.e.s. 1922—23 05(1 2.Books Maps1. Books and and other and charts pamphletsprinted matter 1922—23 1922—23 1918—21

1918—23

1918—23 1915—17 1882—192319 13—14 1913—23 1913—23 1913—23 1904—231916—23 18981898—19031904-12 1884—97

1884—88 1879—83

1899—1910 1922—23 (continued) 1922—23 056 4.3.Books Souvenir and other post cardsprinted matterMusic, (cosrr.) in books sheets and 5. Lithographically printed matter, 6.7. Other printed mattern.e.s. 1—6 057& Coal and products, crude 2. Bituminous1. Anthracite coal coal Items 1879—1923 058 Coal and products, 1. sernimanufacturedCoke 059a Petroleum1. and products,crude Crude petroleum 1879—1923 Petroleum and products,semimanufacturedGas and fuel oil 4.3. Items1.2. Paraffin 2, 3 wax, Paraffin refined wax, refined un-

1913—23 1922—23 1922—231922—23 1918—23 Petroleum and products,1. manufactured Illuminating oil (kerosene) 1922—23 2. Items 3, 4 1918—23 1879—1921 1882—19 17 3. Paraffin4. Other lubricatinglubricating oil oil 8.6. LubricatingGasoline7.5. ItemsNaptha 6, and 7greases other light products 10. Petroleum9. Residuum jelly 11. Gas and fuel oil and Item 9 062 Other nonmetallic minerals, 2. Sulphur1. Asphalt or andbrimstone bitumen,crude unmanuf. 3. Fire clays 4. Other clays 6.5. Graphite,Plaster, builders' unmanuL and patent 1912—23 7. Asbestos, unmanuf. 1907—23 1913—23 1916—23 1913—23 1913—23

1879—1912

1916—23 Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered TABLE C—7 (continued) Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears 1879—1923 Uncovered 1913—23 1918—211879—1917, 1922—23 1912—23 1918—21 1913—201879—1912, 192 1—23 1916—23

1913—20 1895—1923

1879—1923 063 Other 2. Sand31. LimeCement, and gravel hydraulicsemimanufactured nonmetallic minerals, 5.4. MarbleOther building in blocks, or monumentalrough or dressed stone 9.8.6. ItemsOther7. Precious 1,4,nonmetallic 35 stones, meL minerals,pearls n.e.s. 064 Other nonmetallic1. minerals, Glass manufacturedcontainers 4.3.2. WindowPlateFire-clay glass, glass, bricks com- unsilveredmon 5. Roofing slate 6. Building bricks 8.7. Tile:Salt wall, floor, and hollow 1899—19231913—23 10. Other9. window Table glassware, and plainplate glass 1913—23 191 1—23 1899—1923 1899—1923 1913—231899—1923 064 Other12.11. nonmetallic GlobesLamp chimneys and minerals, shades and formanufactured (coNT) lightlantern fixtures globes 15.14.13. ElectricalOtherLamps glassware, and glassware other n.es. exceptilluminating lighting devices 16. Items 9—15 1922—23 17. Table or other glassware, Cut or en- 18. Chemical glassware graved 20.19. China and porcelain Items 16—18 table, toilet, and 21. Electric porcelain kitchenware 23.22. EarthenOther china and stone-and porcelainware, table, ware toilet, and kitchenware 26.25.24. RefractoryOther Other refractory earthen shapes and sanitarybricksstoneware, except 27. Chinaware 1918—231918—23 1913—17 28. Earthen and stoneware

1922—23 1922—23

1922—23

1916—231916—231899—1923 1896—98 1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1913—18 1884—19211884—1912,1922—23 1919—2 1 1922—23 1922—231879—1921

1922—23 1922—23 1879—95 1922—231922—23

1922—231922—23 1918—21 1884—98

1908—12

1884—98 1879—98

1879—90, 1898 1922—23 (continued) 29. OtherOther earthenware, nonmetallic minerals.manufactured (cowr.) stoneware, china- 30. Sanitary earthenware ware and crockery 31. Items 29, 30 32. Asbestos paper, mill board, etc. 35.34.33. Asbestos pipe covering Asbestos textiles, andyarn, cement and packing 38.39.36.37. ItemsGraphite 37, crucibles38 OtherItems asbestosgraphite 32—35 manuf. 40. Manuf. of asphalt and bitumen 43.42.41. WheelsItems 41, of 42 artificialemery and abrasivescorundum 44. Hones, whetstones, etc. 46.45. Artificial abrasives, other Artificial abrasives, crude or grains 47. Items 44—46 064 51.Other Grindstones nonmetallic minerals,manufactured (cONT.) 48. Marble manufs. 52. Manufs. of chalk 49. Other manufs. of stone 57.55.53.58.56.54. Manuf.Sulphur,Mica ItemsMagnesiaGypsum and of 7,refined manufs.cement 31 and and manuf. manuf. of of of 50. Items 48, 49 60.59. Items Items 1, 194, 58 63.61.62. Items Items 43,3, 6050, 47 51 64. items 2, 61 65. Items 5, 62 66. Items 27, 28 065 Xonferrous metals, crude 2. Copper1. ores Items 2, 3 4.3. CopperItems 5, concentrates, 6 matte, and regulus 1913—23 6.5. Zinc drossore and concentrates 1916—23 7. Bauxite and other aluminum ores and 19 16—23 1922—23 concentrates 1922—231911—121922—23 1879—831884—19121882—1910191908—12 10—12 1879—83 1879—83 1916—201879—1915, 192 1—23

1922—231879—1921916—20 1 Commodity Composition Export Glass and Covered Tears Uncovered TABLE C-i (continued) Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 064 1916—21 1906—2 1 1916—23 1913—15 1915—23 1922—23

1922—23

1922—23 1922—23 1912—2 1 1922—23 1922—23 1912—21

1912—23

1922—23

1922—23 1913—21 1922—23

1922—23 1922—231913—21 1922—231913—21 066a Nonferrous 2. UnrefinedI. Coppersemimanufactured platesblack, and blister,sheets and metals, 4.3. RefinedCopper rodscopper in ingots,converter bars, copper etc. 5. Copper wire 6. Items 3, 4 7. Items 2, 9 8. Items 2, 3 11.10. BrassBrass,9. ingots, scrapItems and plates,4, 5old sheets, bars, rods 13.12. Zinc slabs,sheets, blocks, strips, andetc. pigs, from 14. Zinc slabs, blocks, andforeign pigs, ore from 15. Items 12—14 domestic ore Nonfirrous metals, 20.19. Aluminum Aluminum plates, ingots,semftnanufactured (col*rr.) sheets,scraps, alloysbars, strips, 1918—23 16. Lead in pigs, bars, etc., from domestic 21. Aluminum, table, kitchen,rods and hospital 1918—23 17. Lead in pigs, bars, etc.,ore from foreign 24.23.22. ItemsAluminumOther 21—23 manufs. tubes, of aluminummoldings, castings, etc. 18. Tin in bars, blocks, andore pigs 26.25. NickelItems 19, oxide 20, and24 matte 1913—17 30.29.28.27. Nickel,ItemsOther 16,26,manufs. monel 2927 metal,of lead, n.e.s.and alloys 1895—1919 31. Old and scrap copper 33.32. FerrovanadiumQuicksilver or mercury 1922—23 34. Babbitt metal 36.35. PlatinumFerrotungsten ingots, and tungstensheets, etc. metal and 1922—23 1922—23 1918-21 1899—1912

1922—23

1922—23 1920—21

1914—23 1913 1913—23

1913—23 ware

1916—23 1916—23

1922—23 1922—23 1916—23 1916—21 1915 19 13—14 1913—14

1919 16-23 13—23

1916—23

1892—191519 16-23

19 14-23

19 16-23 1884-91 1879—98 1913—231899—1909, 1912-23 19 16-23 1915—1923 (continued) wire 1916—23 TABLE C—7 (continued) .WonferrozzsCommodity metals, Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 067& Nonferrous Commodity Composition Export Class and metals, Covered Tears Uncovered 38.37. ItemsNickel 1, or 8, German 9, 31 .cemimanufactured (cosrr.) silver 1884—1912 1916—23 16.15.14. manufactured (cowr.)ItemsOther 13—14 12,plated 15 ware 1922—231879—19161917—21 42.41.40.39. ItemsManufs.Copper 15,38, sheets of 4139 zinc 1879—83 1879—831884—88 20.21.19.18.17. ItemsOtherSterlingManufs. 17—19 manufs. silverof gold oftableware silver 1922—23 067a Nonferrous metals, Tin and galvanized iron hollow ware 1899—211918—23 2.1. BrassType andmanufactured bronze manufs. 1913—231913-23 1898—1909, 1912 24.23.22. OtherTin manufs.cans, manufs. finished of or unfinished 1922—231923 4.3. CompositionCopper pipes metal, and copper chief value 1918—23 26.25. Other metals and alloys,compositionmetal orn.e.s. metal 19221922—231923 6.5. ItemsOther 3—5 manufs. of coppertubes 1913—171918—23 1922—231889—1912 30.29.28.27. Items2l,27Items 24,22,23, 252324 of 1879—19171918—21 10. Plated ware,9.8.7. ItemsZincOther silver: dust 7,zinc 8 manuli. 1922—231889—1921 33.32.31. ItemsPlatinumNickelOther 35, manufs. manufs.36 bronze 1899—19121916—23 13.11.12. Plated Items ware, 10, 11goldsilver: othertableware 1922—231917—21 35.34. LeadBrass manufs., and manufs.of exceptandtype old and pigs, bars 18981879—1912 067a .1'Ionferrous metals, 37.36. Items 2, 35 m anufactured Lead pigs, bars, and old 38. Items 36, 37 068 Iron and steel products, 39. Manufs. of1. copper, Iron orecrude except sheets Iron and steel2. products,1. semimanufacturedSteelSteel sheets ingots, blooms, 5.4.3. WireTinpiate,Hoop, rods band, terneplate, and scrollandbillets, iron taggers' slabs and steeltin 6. Iron and steel scrap 8. Steel7. Iron bars bars 10. Alloy9. steel Items bars 7, 8 11. Items 8,10 1913—23 12. Boiler plates 14.13. IronOther and plates, steel notsheets, galvanizedfabricated 1899—1923

1899—1923

1913—23 1898—1923 1897—1923 19231879—1921, 1923 1922 1922—23 1898—1921 1895—98 1922—231922—23 1895—97 1879—94 1922—23 15.leon Ironand steel sheets, products. blackseinimanufactured 1879—88 18.17.16. SteelIron sheets plates and plates, galvanizedother 20. Tungsten,19. Pig iron, manganese, not con- andtaining other alloys ferro- 21. Other ferro-alloys, exceptalloying ferro- ores manganese and 22. Items 19—21 ferrosilicon 23. Ferromanganese 24. Ferrosilicon 25. Items 22—24 26. Items 16, 17 27. Items 1, 18 28. Items 5, 11 29. Items 27, 28 070a 30.31. Items Iron 4 sheet,and 26 band, or 12 and hoopand 31 Iron and steel2. products, Rails,1. steelmanufactured Railroad spikes 3. Wire, except barbed 1913—23 1922—23 1879—1923 1922—231909—23 1918—23 1899—1923 1882—98 1884—961884—971918—23 co cc, 1913—21 1884—96

1913—2 1 1913—2 1

1922—23

1918—21

1879—1917 1897—19 12 1898—1912 1897 1922—23 1884—98 1879—83

1896

C.) 1883 1879-82

1879—82 (continued) 070a Iron and steel products. 4. manufactured (cor.rr.)Barbed wire 1889—19231909—23 6.5. WireCut7. Bolts, nails nails nuts, rivets, andrailway washers, except 1913—231898—1923 10. Hammers9.8. AxesSaws and hatchets 1913—231899—1923 11.14.13.12. Shovels LocksCasingStructural and and spades iron oil pipe-and steel 1899—19231913—23 17.16.15. WeldedMalleable galvanizedblack iron pipe pipe pipeline 1922—23 24.Iron Augersand steel and products, bits,manufactured woodworking 21.20.19.18. ItemsCast ItemsCast iron 19, iron14—17 pipe20 pipe fittings 1922—231915—21 25. Files and rasps 22. Items 18, 21 27.26. ItemsMechanics' 24—26 and other tools, n.e.s. 28. Hinges and other builders' hardware 23. Table and kitchen cutlery 31.30.29. Stoves,RailwayShip and ranges, track tank plates, and punchedmaterialparts of and 32. Wood screws pressed 33.35.34. Horseshoe ItemsOther 33,nails, nails 34 md. tacks 36. Items 32, 35 37.38. Woven Wire wire rope fencing 1922—23 39. Wire cloth and screening 42.41.40. ItemsOtherInsulated 39—41 wire iron and and steelmanufs. wire and of cable 1922—23 1918—21 1913—17 1913—23 1918—23

1922—23

Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered rears Uncovered TABLE C-i (continued) Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 1918—23 1922—23 1918—23 1922—23 1918—23 1918-21 1913—17

1913—23

1918—23 1879—1912 1918—23 C) 1922—23 1915—21 1899—1914

1913—23 1899—1909, 1912 0700 Iron 43. Items 38, 42 manufactured (coNT.) and steel products, 45.44. ItemsSteelIron castingscastings 45 46.49.48.47. Razors,Car safety blade wheels and axles 1879—8844, straight 50. Items 48, 49 51. Safety razor blades 52. Scissors and shears 54.53. ItemsOther 5 cutlery1—53 arid parts of 55. Bathtubs 58.57.56. SafesClosetOther householdbowls, lava- enamelwaretories, and sinks 59. Filing cases 61.60. ItemsOther 59,office 60 furniture and fixtures 62. Other metal furniture 0700 Iron and steel products, 69. manufactured (cor.rr.)Shells and projectiles, empty 63. Items 61—62 70. Furniture hardware 71.72. Saddlery Car and and marine haFness hard- warehardware 66.67.65.64. Horseshoes ItemsScalesHeating 68, and boilers 69 balances and radiators 73. Other hardware 74. Items 70—73 68. Iron and steel forgings 76.75. OtherSprockets chains and other power transmission 77. Items 75, 76 79.78. RailroadNeedles, bolts,hand andnuts, machine 82.81.80. SkelpBallSheet and ironand roller tinand plate steelbear- washers,barsings and etc. parts of 85.84.83. ItemsStripOther steel,79—84 manuf. cold of iron androlled steel 87.86. ItemsRefrigerators 31, 68, 69, 74, 77, 78, 85 88. Items 86, 87 1918—21 89. Items 3, 4 1922—23 90. Items 8, 10, 11, 27 1884—1908 1899—1912 1922—23

(922—23 1922—23 1918—21

1922—23 1922—23 1918—21

1918-23

1922—23

1922—23 1922—23

1922—23

1922—231918—2 1 1913—17 1922—23 19 15—17 1879—19211889—19231922—23 19 15—23 19 13—14 1920—23 1920—23 1913—19 1922—23 1922—23

1922—23 1913—2 1 1913—23

1913—23

19 13—23 1899—1923 1922—23

1922—23 1918—2 1 1918—23 1899—1917

1911—23 1879—1923 19 13—23 1922—23

19 18—2 1 (continued) Iron and steel products, 94.92.93.91. Items Items 23,1, 3612,50, 93 2854 manufactured (coNr.)

96.95. Items 7,64, 30, 95 37, 43,55, 56, 57, 66, 88 97. Other iron and steel manufs. except hoop, band and scroll iron (Item 070a Iron and steel products, 108. manufactured (coNT.)Item 103 plus cycles and parts of 98.99. Hoop, Other band, iron andand steel scroll95 less iron 98) Machinery and vehicles,1. Plows andexcept culti- automobiles 100. Iron rails railsmanufs. (Item97 except less 100) iron 2. Planters4.3. MowersHay rakes and and seeders and reapers vatorstedders 102.101.103. Items Items 69 and 13, 929022, 58, 68 and 99 1879—98 5. Cream separators 106.104.107.105. OtherItems OtherItems 5manufs. andmanufs.89, 10291, of 108of iron, steel, 1879—88 7.6. SeedOther separators, agricultural machinery,threshers cxc. 8. Tractors tractors 11.10. Electric Electric9. Items lamps, fans 7, 8 incand., carbon 1879—99,1913—23 19 13—23 12. Electric lamps, incand.,filament metal 14.13. Motors Generators and parts and parts filament 19 13—23 1879—1923 1913—23

1922—231913—23 1922—23 1913—21 1913—23

1913—23

Commodity Composition Export Class and Tears Uncovered TABLE C—7 (continued) Export Class and Tears Uncovered 1884—1912 Covered Commodity Composition Covered 1\) 1898—1912 1913—23 1884—95 to 1899—1909, 1912 1911—121879—98, 1910—11 1913—23 1910 19 13—23

1905—09

1899—1909

1899—1904 1879—1904

1889—97

1896—98

1883

1879—82

n.e.5. 1879—82

n.e.S. 07P Machinery and vehicles, 15. Pumps and pump.except automobiles (coi.tT.) 1913—23 1898—1912 37.Machinery Windmills and vehicles,except automobiles 1907—23 17.16. Railway cars, freight passengermachinery (steam) 1913—231913—23 39.38. MineRailway cars cars; railway)passenger (electric 1898—19211922—23 21.20.19.18. CashMotor BicyclesWagons registers cycles and drays 1913—231879—19231901—231913—23 1900 42.41.40. AircraftItems 38, parts, 39 cxc. engines and tires 1908—231913—23 24.23.22. ElectricSewingSteam engines, machineslocomotives locomotives 1918—231913—231879—1923 45.44.43. Carriages,WheelbarrowsMotorboats coaches, and buggies 1922—231913—23 27.26.25. MachineItemsOther 25,metalworking tools 26 machinery 1898—191719 18—23 48.47.46. ItemsStationPushcarts 45, and 46and ware- hand trucks 1918—231904—211922—23 29.28. WoodworkingTelephones sawmillmachinery cxc. 19 13—23 50.49. PartsOther of vehicles railway and cars, housecxc. motor axles andtrucks wheels 1920—23 31.30. Engines, n.e.s.n.e.s., cxci. md. kerosene 1913—171918—23 53.52.51. ItemsElevators 48,49, 5150and dc- parts of 1913—231913—171918—19 34.33.32. TransformersMechanicalInsulated copper stokers andwire boilers and cable 1918—231914—23 56.55.54. ItemsOilMining well 54, and machinery 55 quarrying vatormachinery machinery 1915—231907—141915—23 36.35. CottonIncubators gins andand parts of brooders 1913—23 (continued) 58.57. ShoeTextile machinery, machinery cxc. sewing 1898—192319 13—23 Export Cla.cs and Tears TABLE C-7 (continued) Co mmodityExport Composition Class and Tears 07P Machinery and vehicles, Commodity Compositionexcept automobiles (coNT.) Covered Uncovered O7P Machinery and vehicles, except automobiles (coNT.) Covered 1915—17Uncovered 61.60.59. Sugar-millFlour-millPaper and pulp-millandmachinery grist- mill machinery 1913—231911—231913—23 82.81.80. ItemsSteamItems 75—78 73,engines, 74, 80 stationary, cxc. 1913—231913—14 64.63.62. SawmillRefrigeratingBrewing machinerymachinery and ice-makingmachinery 1913—231911—23 84.83. SteamInternal engines, combustion engines,marine,turbine cxc.marine turbine 1913—23 66.65. AirAdding compressors and calcu- latingmachinery machines 1897—1923 1911—23191911—23 13—23 86.85. OtherInternal engines, combustion truckengines, auto and 1918—2319 13—23 69.68.67. PowerTypewritersOther laundrylaundry machinery equipment 1914—231900—131914—23 88.87. BoilerItem 86 tubes and kerosene enginesturbines, etc. 1918—231913—17 73.72.71.70. PrintingTypesettingItemsMeters, 68, gaspresses 69 machinesand 1915—231879—19231913—23 91.90.89. ElectricItemsOther 34,parts lamps 88, of 89 boilersexcept incandescent: arc 1913—231913—17 76.75.74. ConcretePartsExcavating of cash mixers machinery registers water 1918—231915—23 94.9392. BatteriesWiringTelegraph, supplies radio, and and fixtureswireless apparatus 1914—231913—23 79.78.77. Lawn OtherRoad mowers makingmachinery, n.e.s.machinery 1918—231913—231918—23 96.95. Volt,Starting watt, and watt-hour, con- trollingand other equipment meters 1918—231915—23 99.98. Carbons,Spark plugs brushes, and other and electrodesignitioncooking devicesapparatus 105.

106. 107. 108.

110.109.

111. 112. 113. 114. 115. ItemsItems 28, 1, 62 2, 3, 6, 9, less item 110 116. Items 16, 17 Items 5, 36, 53, 57, 117. ItemsTractors,Items 109, 60, cxc. 110agricultural108 63,59,61,65,71,79,81 64, 66, Items 37, 56, 111 Items 106, 112 Items 21, 70, 113 1918—23 ItemsStationary 117, engines118 and parts of Other engines, cxc. 19 18—23 19 15—17 1914

1913

191 1898—19091—12

1909—101909—12 1907—08 1904—06 1900—03 1898—99 118. Fire engines except automobiles (cor.rr.) 119. Items 13, 14 1879—19 12 121.120. ItemsMedical, 10—12, optical, 29, 91,and scientific92, 104 instru- 1910—12 122. Phonographs ments 123. Items 121, 122 124. Items 120, 123 127.126.125. BicyclesItems 43,18, and 12641, motor42, 44, 52cycles 128. Items 47, 127 129. Item 105 less item 1 131.130. Items 67,15, 13027, 58, 114, 119 132. Items 40, 107 1879—1909 072a Automobiles and parts 133. Item 128 and 1. Items 2, 3 automobiles 2. Motor vehicles: commercial and 1896—1912 1898—19121902—12 1879—98 1910—121910—12 3. Parts of automobiles, not md. engines or passenger 1902—091879—1901 tires

1908—12 1904-07 1899—1903

Machinery and vehicles, 19 18-23 07P Machinery and vehicles, 1897 1879—96 97. Domestic heating andexcept automobiles (coNT.) 19 18-23 1879—97

1918—23 1879—98 102.101.100. ItemsSwitches,Other 96—101 electrical switchboard apparatuspanels, fuses, etc. 103. Items 95, 102 to 104. Items 32, 33, 93, 94, 103 cii 1904—12191899—1912 10-12 1899—1906, 19 13—23 fire engines 1879—1909 (continued) 1907—12 1907—12 TABLE C—7 (continued) 073 Chemicals and alliedproducts, crude 2. Phosphate3. Other1. Phosphate phosphate rock: rock: rock high landgrade pebble hard 1913—23 5.4. ItemsOther 1—3 gums and resins, ties. 6. Items 8, 9 8.7. BarkGuano and extracts of, for tanning 9. Manures other than guano 074& Chemicals and allied products, 1. semimanufacturedWood and denatured alcohol Chemicals and allied products, 5.4.3.2. WhiteZincAcetateCopper oxide lead, sulphateof limecarbonate 19 13—23 1899—19231899—1923 11.10. Items 8—10 semimanufactured (coNT.)Other fertilizers, n.e.s. 7.6. SulphateSuperphosphates of ammonia 1921—23 1918—23 12. Items 7,11 13. Items 6, 12 8. Prepared fertilizer mixtures 1922—23 9. Other nitrogenous fertilizers, n.e.s. 1922—23 14. Carbolic acid 15. Nitric acid 16. Acetic acid 17. Boric acid 18. Items 16 and 17 and other acids cxc. 21.20.19. Items 14, 15, 18, 20 PicricOther acidacids, md. picric Commodity Composition Export Class and Covered rears Uncovered 22.Commodity Coal-tar dyes, colors,Export Class and and stains Composition Covered Tears Uncovered 1913—23 25.23,26.24. ItemsLogwood CalciumOther 22—24 dye extract carbide extracts 27. Other dry colors, n.e.s., md. mineral 1899—1912 1922—23 29.28. Alcohol,Bone black, cxc. carbon wood andearths lampblackdenatured 1889—98 1883—88

1879—88 1879—82

1879—82

1898 1922—23 1898 1921 1898 1918—20 1899—1917 19 18—23 1918—23 1922—23 1922—23 1922—231918—21 1918—21 19 18-231918—231909—17 1918—23 1899—19 17 1913—231910—23 1879—98 191899—1923 13—23 1898—1912 30.Chemicals and allied products,semimanufactured (corer.) 33.32.31. SodiumSalSoda soda ash silicate Celluloid and manufs. of 1918—231913—23 37.36.35.34. BoraxCausticOtherSodium sodium sodabicarbonate compounds, n.e.s., mci. 1920—231918—23 39.38. Items 35—3731—34, 38 cyanide 1916—231915—171918—191920—23 43.42.41.40. BenzolFormaldehydeChlorinatedCrude tar and lime pitch (bleaching powder) 1918—23 1918—23 47.46.45.44. GlycerinChlorateInfants'Crude coal food, of tarpotash malted distillates,milk, etc. n.e.s. 1918—23 48. Bichromate of potash 49. Other potash, n.e.s. 50. Items 48, 49 0746 Chemicals and allied products, 51. Other chemicals, n.e.s. 59.60.58.57. Item ItemsWashingAshes, 58 less 26, pot powder6056 and pearl andsemimanufactured (corer.) fluid 52. Items 41—47, 50, 51 61. Items 57, 59 53. Items 39, 52 62. Items 1, 29 56.55.54. ItemItemsSulphuric 53 21, and 54acid petrol.jelly 1909—121899—1908 63. Baking powder 64. Items 61, 63 65. Items 2, 3, 64 67.66. Roots, Medicines herbs, etc. 68. Items 65—67 075a Chemicals and allied 2. Enamel1. Washing paintsproducts, powder manuf. and fluid 4.3. ItemsOther 2,ready-mix 3 paints 5. Varnishes 7.6. Powder,Dynamite smokeless and other 8. Laundry and other soap exc. toilet or 10. Other9. paints Red lead and litharge fancy 11. Items 9, 10 1913—23 12. Soap, toilet or fancy 1922—23 1922—23 1913—21 1879—1923

1879—1923 1908—23

1879—1923 19 18—23 1902—12 19 18—23 l902—081879—19081909 1913—17 1901 1913—23 1889—97

1898—1900 1884—97 1884—88 1898—1912 1884—88 1901—23 I'.) 1879—83

1918—231918—23 1918—23 1922—23 1922—23 1915—171918—211918—23 1913—2319 13—14 1879—98 1910—12 (continued) 1879—1912 Commodity Composition Export Class and Tears TABLE C—7 (continued) Ciiinmodity CompositionExport Class and rears Uncovered 07.? Chemicals and alliedproducts, manuf. (cozcr.) Covered 1922—23Uncovered Chemicals and alliedproducts, manuf. (cor'rr.) Covered 1916—23 14.13. CoalQuinine tar medicinalssulphate and barksaltsall alkaloids from cinchona or 1922—23 31.30.29. StoveMetalItems polishpolishes4, 11, and otherwhite drylead colors and 1899—1912 1899—1908 16.15. Antitoxins,Other medicinal serums, and pharmaceuticalvaccines 1922—23 33.32. OtherItem 30 blacking and carbon and blackpolishes and zinc 1879—98 1899—1908 18.17. ItemsPerfumery 13—16 and toilet waterpreparations 1922—231889—1921 076 Misc. items, covered1. Organs oxide 1913—23 20.19. Creams, Talcum rouges, and other and othertoilet cosmeticspowder 1922—23 4.3.2. MetallicPlayerOther pianospianos pens, except gold 1913—2319 13—23 23.22.21. ItemsDentifricesOther 18—22 toilet preparations 1879—98,1879—19211922—23 8.6.5. PersholdersPhonographsFountain7. Candles pens 1916—231915—231913—23 26.25.24. ExplosiveItemsFuses 31, 32shells and 191918—23 18—23 1909—23 077 Misc. items, 9.uncovered Matches1. Cameras 1913—23 28.27. ItemsOther 25—27 ammunition, works,explosives,projectiles etc. fire- 1913—171918—23 2. Motion3. Motion picture picture films, films, sensitized,exposed not 1913—23 077 Misc. items, uncovered (covrr.) 4. Other sensitized films, drynot exposed,plates md. • 1913—23 077 Misc. items, uncovered 28.27. ClocksWatches 1899—19231879—1923 6.5. OpticalOther7. Dental photo goods instruments apparatus 1913—231913—23 32.31.30.29. RevolversAllRifles,Jewelry other shotguns, firearms and pistols and parts of 1918—23 10. Surgical9.8. SurgicalTeeth appliances, and medical instrumentsand supplies 1913—231913—23 37.36.35.34.33. ItemsPerforatedPianoCartridges,Other 30—32 playersmusical music loaded rolls 1904—201913—231908—231879—1917 13.12.11. ScientificMechanicalDolls and instrumentsparts toys of andartificial equipment limbs, etc. 1918-231918—231913—23 39.38. PencilsItems 36, 37 instruments 1921—231913—201904—09, 1913—23 17.16.15.14. ItemsButtons,Other 12—14 toysbuttons pearl or shell 1918—231912—17 43.42.41.40. BroomsTypewriterPrinters'Writing andand ribbons otherlitho- ink graphers' ink 1913—231899—19231899—1923 21.20.19.18. RoofingAthletic BrushesItems and16, 17sporting goods 191913—231910—17 12—23 47.46.45.44. SpongesItemsPhonographPhonographs 45, 46 records 1913—141915—2319231912—23 22. Gas lighting 1908—23 48. Household and personal effects 191 1—23 24.23. IncandescentOther lamps andmantles lightingappliances devices 1918—23 50.49. Manufs. of vulcanized fiber, exci.md. trunkstrunks 1912—211922—23 26.25. ItemsArt works, 22—24 painting, and statuary 1882—19231879—1917 (continued) 51. Bags and suitcases, md. trunks 1889—98, 1912—21 077 Misc. items, uncovered (corTr.) 52. Bags and suitcases, 54.53. Flowers,Umbrellas Cut and cxci.parasols trunks 56.55. NotionsDyeing and tanning materials, crude 57. Fire extinguishers 58. Flypaper and fly traps 59. Plates and cuts, electrotype, half- tone, etc. 60. Paste and mucilage 077 Misc. items, uncovered (cor.rr.) 68. Gelatin 61. Shoe findings 69. Items 35, 37 63.64.62. PaperBilliard clips, tables binders, and Pipes and smokers' etc.accessories 66.65. CoffeeOther vegetable extracts, andpro- substitutesducts,articles, n.e.s. n.e.s. 70. Items 36, 69 67. Other vegetable preparations 71. Items 15, 20 72. Candles 73. Organs 75.74. Explosives,Pianos, mci. n.c.s. player pianos 79.77.78.76. Items 34,7, 8 .75 and Items 1—519, 43 dynamite 80. Items 40, 42 1922—23 82.81. MatchesItem 29 and manufs. of gold and silver 1904—12 84.85.83. Stereotype and Ice electrotype plates 1879—1 903 86. FancyOres, gold and silvertoysbearing and articles, cxc. per- 87. Items 71, 86 fumery 1884—1911 1879—1912 1879—19121879—19 12 1908—12

1879—19071889— 19 12 1909—121909—12 1882—98 1889—981879—98 Export Class and rears Uncovered TABLE C—7 (concluded) Export Class and Uncovered Commodity Composition Covered 1922—23 Commodity Composition Covered rears 1889—98 1879—98 1884-881879—88 1916—231879—88, 1916—23 & Price and quantity indexes and values presented for these classes in Tables C—i through C—6. 1879—83 191916—23 16—23 1916—23 1916—23

19 16—23 19 16—23 19 16—23

19 18—23

1922—23

1922—33 APPENDIX C

NomsTOTABLE C—i ExportClass 001 Items: 1.1890—1923: BLS, Cattle, steers, good to choice. 1889: Aldrich, Beeves, live weight, Chicago. 1879—89: Aldrich, Beeves, good to prime, live weight, New York City. 2. 1890—1923: BLS, Hogs, good to choice, light butchers. 1889: Aldrich, Hogs, live weight, Chicago. 1879—89: Aldrich, Hogs, good to prime, live weight, New York City. 3. 1907—23: BLS, Lambs. 1890—1906: BLS, Sheep, native wethers. 1879-89: Aldrich, Sheep, good to prime, New York City. 003 Hay was separated from other vegetable foods because of differences in price behavior. 004 The series on green coffee begins with the inclusion of Puerto Rico in the U.S. customs area.

011 Before July 1882, commodities 5—7 were not listed separately in the published quarterly and monthly trade statements, but fiscal year annuals were available. We used these to estimate quarterly values by assuming that the ratio of these commodities to "all other articles" remained constant throughout each fiscal year. We obtained quarterly quantities from the published fiscal annual quantities by interpolating the unit values, using import unit values for lard as a guide. 013 Items: 1. Unit values were extrapolated back from fiscal 1887 by Bezanson price of salmon, Halifax. 5. Herring, salted or dry-cured was used as a covered item, 19 15—23, when almost all of it consisted of shipments from New York to Latin America and the unit values moved similarly to BLS and WIB prices. Shipments in 1913—14 were mainly from the State of Washington to the Far East and at much lower unit values. We considered these to be non-comparable with later years and treated the item as uncovered. 014 Items 16 and 17 equal items 7—15. 018 Items: 6. BLS file, unpublished series, Peaches, cannery. 7. BLS file, unpublished series, Pineapples, cannery. 021 Items: 3. 1916—23: BLS price of pepper, black, Singapore, 1918 annual through 1923, extrapolated to 1918 quarterlies and 1916 by unweighted average of WIB prices for cassia, cloves, ginger, nutmeg, and black pepper, Singapore. 1884—88: Unweighted index of cloves and cassia from Bezanson, and nutmegs and Singapore pepper from Aldrich report. 4. Laspeyres price index of import unit values of coffee and cocoa with 1902 export weights. 5. Laspeyres price index combining price indexes used for items 3 (1884—88) and 4 (1884 weights). 301 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE C—7(continued) 024 To a considerable extent, 1879—89 based on outside price data. Export unit values for alcoholic beverages became very erratic after 1918—19. The methods of obtaining them (shown below) are crude, but preferable to leaving a fairly large item incom- pletely covered or leaving the whole group uncovered from 1913 on. Items: 1.1919 export unit value extrapolated to 1920 by unit value of exports to all countries except Canada and China; to 1921 by unit value of exports to Canada, and to 1923 by the Canadian import unit value for imports of rum from the United States. 2. First half of 1919 export unit values extrapolated to 1923 by U.K. annual export unit values of spirits. 3. BLS price for bourbon, straight, four years in bond, in barrels, used for 1913 through first quarter of 1919. These were extrapolated to the rest of 1919 by U.S. export unit values and to 1920, 1921, and 1923 by U.K. export unit values of spirits. 5. U.K. annual export unit values for spirits. 13. Price per gallon of "whiskey, 32 u.p." in Toronto from Statistical Contributions to Canadian Economic History, Vol. II by K. W. Taylor and H. Michell, Toronto, 1931. The movements of this series followed closely those of the unit values of the main U.S. export item, bourbon, in the rest of this period. 026 To a considerable extent, 1879—98 based on outside price data. Items: 3. BLS, smoking tobacco. 6. BLS, smoking tobacco. 7. 1889—97: Index of BLS, smoking tobacco, weighted 1 and BLS, tobacco, plug, smooth, weighted 3, 1890 to 1897. This was extrapolated back to 1889 by Aldrich, tobacco: plug, navy, best grade. 1884—88: Aldrich, tobacco: plug, navy, best grade. 8. Index of Aldrich, tobacco: plug, navy, best grade and same, medium grade, and low grade, weighted equally. 027 To a considerable extent, 1879—89 based on outside price data. Item: 8. 1890—94, BLS, hides: steer, green salted. 1879-89, Aldrich, hides: green salted. 028 To a considerable extent, 1879—1910 based on outside price data. Items: 3. Prices for first and second quarters of 1920 were estimated from the unit value for the first half of 1920 and prices for 1919 were extrapolated from 1920, both by use of the average of patent chrome side upper leather and smooth black chrome side-upper leather prices from Federal Trade Commission, Report on ShoeandLeather Costs andPrices,June 10, 1921. Prices for 1913-. 18 and earlier years from WIB, cattle, side-upper leather, patent chrome. 12. Prices for 1911 and 1912 are unit values for commodity 1. of this class. 22. 1908—10: BLS, calf, chrome, range of first commercial grades; 1890—1907: calf, wax, 30—40 lbs. to doz.; 1884—89: Aldrich, leather: calfskins, tanned and dressed, domestic, No. 1. 26. Combination of Aldrich, upper leather and sole leather prices. 27. Base price derived by extrapolating unit values by index used for item 26. 029 Items: 6. WIB prices for leather belting, 1913—18, extrapolated to 1919 quarterly, by 302 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE G-7 (continued) BLS, men's shoes, vici calf. To obtain a base year price, the 1919 unit value is extrapolated to 1920 by the same BLS series, and from 1920—23, by export unit values for leather belting. 15. Interpolated between export unit values for 1896 and 1903 by an unweighted average of four BLS shoe prices. 030 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 1.Prices are a Laspeyres index (with 1923 weights derived from export values) of prices of skunk, muskrat, and opposum from Fur News Magazine, Ohio. The source gave data for only the first and fourth quarters of each year, figures for the intervening quarters were interpolated. 2.1907—12: Same index as for item 1. 1899—1907: To extrapolate the above index we used a Laspeyres index of Canadian prices of muskrat and skunk, still with 1923 U.S. export value weights. It seems likely that both of these indexes for 1899—1913 overweight skunk, whose price was increasing faster than that of the other furs. 1889—98: Unweighted index of prices of beaver, red fox, muskrat, raccoon, and skunk, from Fur Trade Review, New York, extrapolated by prices for the same furs from Bezanson. 1879—89: Unweighted index of Bezanson prices for beaver, red fox, gray fox, muskrat, raccoon, and skunk. 032 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Quarterly indexes were largely interpolated. Items: 1.19 13—23: U.S. farm price of horses, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Tearboo/c of Agriculture, 1924, p. 985. 1899—1913: For 1899—1907, the price of draft horses at Omaha (USDA, rearbook, 1907). The calculated calendar year 1907 average price was extrapolated to calendar year 1910 by the average farm price of horses two years and older, and for quarterly 1910—13, was extrapolated from calendar 1910 by average farm prices of all horses, from the 1924 USDA rearbook. For 1908—09, first quarter prices were estimated by interpolating between first quarter 1907 and first quarter 1910 by the average value of all horses on farms, January, from the 1911 USDA Tearbook. The remaining quarters of 1908—09 were filled in by straight line interpolation. 1889—99: Omaha price of horses for 1897 to 1899. First quarter figures were extrapolated back to 1889 by average price of horses on farms in the U.S. and remaining quarters were interpolated on a straight line between Januaries. 5. 1915—21, 1923: Average prices of mules, St. Louis, USDA Yearbook, 1916, 1918, 1920, 1921, 1924. 033 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: 5. Price of whale oil, crude no. 1: Av. price per pound, sellers' tanks, f.o.b. Pacific coast. Compiled from the Oil, Paint, and DrugReporterand published in U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Statistical Bulletin No. 59 (May 1937), Fats, Oils, and Oleaginous Raw Materials—Production, Prices,Trade, Disappearance in the US., 1912—35 and Available Data for Earlier rears. We used the Pacific Coast price because most of the whale oil was exported from West Coast ports. 14. Grease, white, average price per pound in tierces, New York. Same source as item 5. 16. Same as item 14. 303 APPEXDIX C Noms TOTABLE C—7(continued) 21. 1899—1912: BLS price for tallow, New York, extrapolated by Aldrich, tallow. 1884—88: Aldrich price of tallow. 034 Basedto a considerableextent on outside price data. Items: 1.Prices are cod oil, Newfoundland tanked: av. price per pound in barrels, New York, compiled from the Oil, Paint, andDrug Reporterand published in U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Statistical Bulletin No. 59, Fats, Oils, and Oleaginous Raw Materials. 2. Prices are Menhaden oil, light, refined: av. price per pound, in barrels, New York, compiled from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter and published in the same source as above. 3. Unit values extrapolated from 1920 to 1921 and 1923 by price of cod oil (see item 1). 035 To a considerable extent, 1899—1906 based on outside price data. Item: 2. 1907 annual unit value extrapolated back to 1899 by BLS, rubber, Para Island, fine. 036 The 1913—23 period is based on outside price data to a considerable extent. Items: 1 and 2. BLS, automobile tires, fabric. 038 Item: 8. 1913—19 and 1923. Price index composed of coconut oil, weighted four times and soya bean oil weighted once. Weights were taken from earliest available values, those for the last half of 1919. Prices were from WIB and BLS. 040 Item: 5. Unweighted index of prices of chestnut extract, hemlock extract, and oak extract, from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter. 041 Item: 6. Unweighted average of Bezanson prices of bergamot, cassia, and lemon oil, on 1889 base. 043 Item: 4. Unit values extrapolated from 1918 to 1913—17 by BLS, cotton, yarn, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 22/1. 044 Items: 14. Index composed of BLS underwear: men's, cotton drawers and shifts, flat fleece; and BLS underwear: women's cotton union suits, weighted equally with 1923 as base. 18. Index composed of underwear price index used for item 14, weighted once, and hosiery index weighted five times. The hosiery index is a combination of BLS, hosiery: cotton, men's; BLS, hosiery: cotton, women's mercerized; and BLS, hosiery: cotton, women's, rib top. 57. BLS, Cotton yarns: corded, white, mule-spun, northern, cones, 2211. 045 The 1884—1909 period is based on outside price data to a considerable extent. Items: 2—6, and 8. BLS, rope: manila, 1st grade, f'andlarge. 304 APPEXDIX C TO TABLE C—7 (continued) 9. BLS, jute: raw, native firsts, actuals, extrapolated back from 1890 by Aldrich, jute, raw. 45. Export unit values for binder twine (item 1.) extrapolated back from 1910 to 1890 by BLS, rope, and to 1879—89 by export unit values of cordage (item 7.). 046 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Item: I. Data are not available for 1900—16. Quantities for 1916—23 are estimated from an index composed of BLS prices of wool: Ohio, fine, clothing, unwashed; and wool: Ohio, and grades, unwashed (med. grade), weighted equally, on a 1923 base. Quantities for 1889—99 are estimated from an index of the same two prices, on an 1899 base, extrapolated to 1889 by Aldrich price for wool: Ohio, fine fleece, scoured; and wool: Ohio, med. fleece, scoured. No quantities were estimated for 1879—88. 048 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: 1—4. 1913—23: Quantities derived from a price index composed of BLS series for, overcoatirig: heavy; suiting: serge, 11 oz.; suiting: clay worsted, diagonal 16 oz.; uniform serge: wool-dyed, blue, 55—56", 16 oz.; suiting: serge, 9fr oz., 55—57"; dress goods: women's broadcloth; dress goods: storm serge,all wool, double wrap. These were weighted equally, with 1923 as a base. 4.1899— 1913: Quantities derived from a price index composed of BLS series for over- coating: soft faced, black, 24 oz.; suiting: serge, 11 oz., 56—58"; suiting: clay worsted, diagonal, 16 oz.; uniform serge: all wool, indigo blue, 14 oz., 54"; suiting: serge, oz., 55—57"; dress goods: women's, cashmere, cotton warp; dress goods: Panama cloth, 50". These were weighted equally, with 1913 as a base. 1892—99: Quantities derived from price index composed of BLS series for suiting: serge, 11 oz., 56—58", weighted twice; uniform serge: all wool, indigo blue, 14 oz., 54", weighted twice; dress goods: women's, cashmere, cotton warp, weighted once; and dress goods: Franklin sackings, 54", weighted once. 1890—91: Quantities derived from price index composed of BLS series for uniform serge: all wool, indigo blue, 14 oz., 54", weighted four times and the two series for dress goods used for the succeeding period, weighted once each. 1889: Quantities derived from Aldrich series for suiting: flannel, all wool, indigo blue, 6—4 Assabet, weighted six times; women's dress goods: all wool, ladies' cloth, 25", Assabet, opera, weighted once; and women's dress goods: all wool, ladies' cloth, 6—4, Assabet, weighted once. 049 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: I. BLS, hosiery: silk, women's, 39-42 gauge, full-fashioned, 7 thread. 11. 1913—17: Quantities estimated from index composed of WIB prices weighted by 1918 and 1922 export values. The price series used, and their weights, were as follows: Price Series Weight Average of 3 series for ladies' hose Fiscal 1918 export value, wearing apparel. Average of 23 series for broad silk Fiscal 1918 export value, broad silk dress goods. Spun silk yarn, domestic, 60/1; and Fiscal 1918 export value, other manuf spun silk yarn, domestic,gray of silk multiplied by of the 1922 spun, 6012, No. 1 ratio of export values of thrown silk, spun silk, etc. to export values of other manufs. of silk. 305 C Nol'Es TO TABLE C—7 (continued) Price Series Weight Average of 2 velvet series, and average Fiscal 1918 export value, other manuf. of 3 plush series of silk, multiplied by of the 1922 ratioof export values of velvets, plushes, etc. to other manuf. of silk. Average of 2 ribbon series Fiscal 1918 export value, other manufi of silk, multiplied by 1922 ratio of export values of ribbons exc. velvet and plush to other manuf. of silk. Average of 2 thread and embroidery Fiscal 1918 export value, other manuf. silk series of silk, multiplied by 1921 ratio of export values of sewing, embroidery, crochet silk to other of silk. 053 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: 2. Price index for wooden chairs composed of BLS, bedroom chairs: all gum, cane seat, weighted four times; BLS, bedroom chairs: bedroom rockers, quartered oak, weighted twice; and BLS, dining room chairs: set of six (composite), weighted fourteen times. 3. Price index for other wood furniture composed of BLS, kitchen tables, weighted once, and BLS, bedroom sets, weighted six times. 4. 1913—17: Combination of index for item 2, weighted once and index for item 3, weighted twice. 1899—1912: Price index composed of BLS, chairs: bedroom, weighted twice; BLS, bedroom sets, weighted twelve times; BLS, kitchen chairs, weighted once, and BLS, kitchen tables, weighted twice. 1889—98: Price index composed of BLS, bedroom chairs, maple, cane seat, N.Y., weighted twice; BLS, kitchen chairs, weighted once; BLS, kitchen tables, weighted twice; and BLS, bedroom sets, weighted twelve times. BLS series were extrapolated from 1890 to 1889 by corresponding Aldrich report series. 1879—88: Price index composed of four Aldrich report series, weighted equally. The series were: bedroom set, painted, five pieces; chairs, bedroom, maple, cane seat; chairs, kitchen, common spindle; tables, kitchen, pine, foot. 5.1890—1923: BLS, doors, ponderosa pine. 1884-89: Aldrich report, doors, pine, unmoulded. 055 The 1889—1910 period is based on outside price data to a considerable extent. Items: 9. Price index composed of envelopes, manila writing paper, medium writing paper, good writing paper, and medium bond paper, weighted equally, on 1922 base. Data are originally from Paper Trade Journal, quoted in U.S. Tariff Com- mission, Tariff Information Survey, Paragraphs 326 and 327 of 1913 (1922). 10. Price index composed of BLS series for boxboard: chip, no. 90 to 50; boxboard: chip, manila lined, single; boxboard: liner, 85 lb. test; and, for 1918 to 1923, boxboard: manila lined, chip. All are weighted equally, on a 1923 base. 34. Price index composed of BLS, newsprint, weighted six times, and three book paper prices weighted once each. The book paper prices, which were compiled from the Paper Trade Journal, are for book paper, sized and super calendared, book paper, machine finish, and book paper, lithographing. 059 Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. The published export unit values for total crude petroleum could not be used for the last two periods, because they contain a strong downward bias which is due to the shift from high-quality, high-priced Pennsylvania crude to the cheaper crudes of 306 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE C—7 (continued) other regions. This phenomenon has been noted before in studies of mining output. For example, Harold Barger and Sam H. Schurr, in The Mining Industries, 1899— 1939: A Study of Output, Employment and Productivity (NBER, New York, 1944, p. 191), separated Pennsylvania-grade oil from all other for the period 1899—1919 for this reason. Spencer and Wardwell in U.S. Bureau of the Census, Raw Materials in the U.S. Economy: 1900—52, Bureau of the Census Working Paper No. 1, Washington, D.C., 1954, p. 71, calculated that adjusting for the shift from Pennsylvania-grade crude between 1900 and 1925 would cut the growth of the index of petroleum output almost in half. No data on the origin of crude petroleum exports are available to measure the shift, but its effects are observable: the unit value of crude petroleum exports fell by 25 per cent between 1902 and 1923, while the export unit value of illuminating oil,the BLS price of refined petroleum, for export, and the BLS price of Pennsylvania crude all rose by 40 per cent or more. While there is no direct link between production and export data, we did find that the shift away from Pennsylvania-grade petroleum was reflected in a shift in customs area of shipment of crude petroleum exports. From East Coast districts, which were the natural outlets for Pennsylvania petroleum, and which had virtually a monopoly of crude exports in 1902, the trade shifted to Great Lakes, Pacific, and Gulf Coast districts. The hypothesis that this shift in port of export reflected a shift in origin was reinforced by the observation that unit values of crude exports from East Coast ports were considerably higher than the others. We attempted to correct for this bias by treating exports from each major area as a separate commodity, and then combining all of them in a Fisher "ideal" price index for the 1902—23 period. There were probably some shifts in the origin of crude petroleum exports before that, since the Lima-Indiana field became important in output as far back as the late 1880's. But we could not extend our procedure back any further because practically all exports went through East Coast ports before 1902. It is possible that Pennsylvania-grade crude maintained its dominance in exports longer than in domestic production for transportation reasons. One possible indication of bias in the two earlier periods is the sharp fall, particularly between 1879 and 1893, in the margin between the export price of crude petroleum and the price (at the field) of Appalachian crude. This fall, however, may have been due to other factors, such as a decline in transportation cost; this is supported by the fact that there was a considerable fall also in the margin between the field price of Pennsylvania crude and the price at East Coast ports of refined oil for export. Our index for 1902 to 1923 was an annual one, because the port data are not available quarterly. We converted the index to quarterly form by a freehand interpolation using the fluctuations of the original export unit values of crude and refined petroleum. For 1879—98, unit values were used as published. 063 Item: 2. BLS price of gravel.

064 The 1899—1923 period is based on outside price data to a considerable extent. Items: 1. Price index for 191 3 composed of four BLS series weighted equally: fruit jars, quart, self-sealing; fruit jars, pint, self-sealing; fruit jars, quart, mason; and milk bottles, quart size. This index was extrapolated back to 1913 by WIB, glass milk bottles. 2. For 1899—1912, BLS price for glass, window, single B, 25" bracket. The same series was used for 1913—14 to extrapolate back the 1915 annual export unit value. 307 APPEXDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—7 (continued) 4. 1911—12: Average value per unit of fire bricks, from U.S. Interior Dept., Mineral Resources of the U.S., 1912 and 1913. 5.1913—23: BLS price for roofing slate. 1899— 1913: Annual data for average value per unit of roofing slate from U.S. Interior Dept., Mineral Resources of the U.S., 1913. We estimated quarterly prices by a freehand interpolation of these annual unit values. 6. 1899—1912: BLS, brick: red, common building, domestic. 7. BLS and WIB prices for hollow building tile. 8. BLS, salt, American, medium. 9. BLS, tumblers, table, price per dozen, f.o.b. factory. 27. Index composed of two WIB series: dinnerware sets, best commercial grade; and dinnerware sets, decorated in cheap standard treatments, weighted equally. The 1918 price was extrapolated to 1923 by BLS, plates: white granite. 066 Items: 2. Unit values of 3 and 6 used. 10. BLS prices for brass sheets. 19, 20, 25. BLS prices for aluminum: 98—99 per cent. 067 The 1913—23 period is based on outside price data to a considerable extent. Items: 1. BLS price for brass sheets. 5 and 6. Unit values for Items 6—8, class 066 were used. 068 The 1899—1912 period is based on outside price data to a considerable extent. Import quantities and unit values are used for the period from 1913 to 1923, but for the years 1899 to 1912, we used the price of iron ore, mesabi, non-Bessemer, from the Iron Trade Review. 069 Items: 3. 1899—1903: BLS prices of tinpiate, domestic, coke, at New York. 10. Price of steel bars, quarterly averages, from American Metal Market, Metal Statisties, 1938, New York, 1938. 070 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: 2. 1879-88: Prices of steel rails, at works in Pennsylvania, from U.S. Commissioner of Labor, Sixth Annual Report, 1890. 9. BLS price for saws: crosscut, Champion, 6 ft., f.o.b. factory. 10. BLS price for hammers: lbs., f.o.b. New York. 11. BLS price for shovels: Ames, No. 2. 12. BLS price for locks: common mortise. 13. 1913—23: BLS prices for structural steel: structural shapes, beams, etc., 3' to 15", f.o.b. mill. 22. Unit values extrapolated back from 1906 to 1899—1905 by annual BLS series for cast iron pipe, lagged one year. Quarterly prices were estimated by a freehand interpolation. 23. 19 13—23: BLS prices for knives and forks: cocobolo handles. 24. BLS price for augers: regular, 1-inch. 25. BLS price for files: 8-inch mill, bastard. 26. Price index composed of equally weighted BLS series for planes, trowels, vises, and chisels, on 1923 base. 27. Price index composed of equally weighted BLS series for planes, trowels, vises, chisels, augers, and files, on 1923 base. 308 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE C—7 (continued) 28. Price index for 1918—23 composed of equally weighted BLS series for knobs: door; and butts, wrought iron, on a 1923 base. This is linked at 1918 to an index for 1913—17 on a 1918 base, composed of equally weighted WIB series for butts: wrought iron; hinges: spring hold back; lock sets; knobs: door; and hooks and eyes. 29. Price index composed of equally weighted BLS series for stoves: cooking, coal; stoves: cooking, gas, and stoves: cooking, oil. 30. For 1915—23, annual price index for "other track materials" from Engineering News-Record, Construction Costs, 1935 edition, p. 23. We extrapolated this index back to 1913 by an index made up of equally weighted prices for No. 9 Eureka spring frog, split switch, No. 9 rapid frog, and Positive rail anchors, from Presidents' Conference Committee, Western Group Office, Material and Labor Index Numbers (1927). Quarterly price indexes were estimated from these annual ones by a freehand interpolation. 90. Price index composed of equally weighted BLS series for planes, trowels, vises, chisels, shovels, augers, files, and hammers, on a 1913 base. 91. 1899—1912: Price index composed of equally weighted BLS series for knobs: door; locks: common mortise; and butts, on a 1913 base. 1889—98: Same as 1899—1912, but on an 1899 base, extrapolated from 1890 to 1889 by corresponding Aldrich series. 1884—88: Price index composed of equally weighted Aldrich series for door knobs, locks, and butts, on an 1889 base. 101. 1889—98: Price index composed of equally weighted BLS series (extrapolated from 1890 to 1889 by corresponding Aldrich series), for planes, trowels, vises, chisels, shovels, augers, files, hammers, and saws, on an 1899 base. 1879—88: Price index composed of equally weighted Aldrich series for same items as 1889—98, on an 1889 base.

071 Most of the coverage was achieved by the use of outside price data rather than by using the published quantity data from Commerce and Navigation reports. Since most of the price data were available only annually, we did not attempt to use available quarterly series. Instead, we computed only annual price indexes and converted them (by a freehand interpolation) to quarterly indexes. The latter were used only for combining with other groups. Items: 1.1913—23: Price index composed of the average of six BLS series for cultivators, weighted once, and the average of twenty BLS series for plows, weighted five times, with 1923 as a base. 1879—99: Our first step was the computation of a price index on a 1900 base for the years 1895, 1890, and 1880, from data in George K. Holmes, Course of Prices of Farm Implements and Machinery for a Series of Tears, Department of Agriculture, Division of Statistics, Miscellaneous Series, Bulletin 18,1901. This index was an equally weighted combination of a price index for plows, composed of 72 series for individual types, and a price index for cultivators; composed of 19 series. The second step was to interpolate this index between 1880 and 1900 and extrapolate to 1879 by an annual price series for plows given in T. S. Adams, Prices Paid by Vermont Farmers for Goods and Services and Received by Them for Farm Products, 1790—1940; Wages of Vermont Farm Labor, 1780—1940, Vermont Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin 507, February 1944. 2. Price index composed of price of planters (average of two BLS series), weighted once, and price of grain drills (average of four BLS series), weighted five times, on a 1923 base. 3. Average of six BLS series for rakes, weighted equally, on a 1923 base. 4. 1913—23: Average of three BLS series for mowers, weighted equally, on a 1923 base. 309 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE 0-7 (continued) 1899—1913: For 1911—13 we used the index of prices paid by farmers for farm machinery except tractors, from Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agri- cultural Economics, Income Parity for Agriculture, Part III, 1939. We extrapolated this back to 1903 by an index made up of equally weighted price relatives, on a 1911 base, for the following items: Deere grain binder, 6 ft., 7 ft., and 8 ft.; International Harvester grain binder, 5, 6, 7, and 8 ft.; Deere corn binder; International Harvester corn binder; Deere mower, 5 ft. regular, 5 ft. vertical, and 6 ft.; and International Harvester mower. These data were from U .S. Bureau of Corporations, The International Harvester Company, 1913. We then extrapolated the index back to 1899 by an equally weighted average of series for mowing machines and plows from Adams, Prices Paid by Vermont Farmers. 1879—99: Indexes covering 1895, 1890, and 1880 on a 1900 base for mowers (composed of twelve series, equally weighted) and for reapers (composed of seven series, equally weighted) were constructed from data in Holmes, Prices of Farm Implements and were combined, again with equal weights. We then interpolated between 1880 and 1900 and extrapolated to 1879 by the price series for mowing machines from Adams, Prices Paid by Vermont Farmers. 5. Average of three BLS price series for cream separators. 6. Average of two BLS price series for threshers. 7. Price index composed of: (I) An average, weighted three times, of thirteen BLS series for harrows and manure spreaders; (2) an average, weighted three times, of one BLS series for grain binders, three series for corn binders, one series for hay loaders (itself an average of three), one series for potato diggers (itself an average of two), three series for ensilage cutters, and one series for a cornpicker-husker; (3) an average, weighted once, of four BLS series for milking machines; (4) an average, weighted three times, of two BLS series for spraying outfits and four series for wagons. 8. An equally weighted average of seven BLS tractor series. 9. An index composed of all the series used for item 7, with the same weights, combined with the index used for 8, weighted twice. 13. Price index for turbogenerators from William W. Handy, The Yardstick of Publzc Utility Operations and Construction Costs, Baltimore, 1929. 14. Price index for motors from ibid. 15. Price index for pumps from ibid. 16. ICC index of price of passenger train cars, 1915—23, published in Railway Age) July 25, 1936, Vol. 101, No. 4, extrapolated back to 1913 by corresponding index from Presidents' Conference Committee, Eastern Group Pamphlet 138—6, Trend of Prices for Locomotives, Freight andPassengerTrain Cat-s and Floating Equipment, August 15, 1930. 17. ICC index for freight train cars extrapolated by PCC index (see item 16). 18. BLS price for wagons, 2-horse, with bed, no brake-composite. 19. Value per unit of bicycles produced in the U.S., 1914, 1919, 1921, and 1923 interpolated by export unit values for motorcycles. Bicycle prices are Census of Manufactures data reproduced in Solomon Fabricant, The Output of Manu- facturing Industries, 1899—1937, NBER, New York, 1940, p. 590. 22. 1913—23: BLS price for sewing machines, foot treadle. 1879—1913: Canadian import unit values for sewing machines from the U.S., centered to approximate calendar year figures. Data are from various issues of the Canada Yearbook, the Report of the National Revenue Department of Canada, and the Sessional Papers of the Canadian Parliament. 23. 1913—23: ICC index for steam engines extrapolated to 1913 by PCC indexes (see note to item 16). 1899—1913: Export unit values, 1899 to 1910, extrapolated to 1913 by PCC index. 24. ICC index for locomotives other than steam, 1915 to 1923, extrapolated to 1913 by PCC index for steam locomotives. 310 APPENDIX C Noms TO C-7 (continued) 25. Machine tool price index from Presidents' Conference Committee, Western Group Office, Materials and Labor Indexes, p. 61. 26. ICC index of railroad shop machinery costs. 27. For 1900 to 1917 and 1923, price index for shop machinery and machine tools, equally weighted. The index for shop machinery is the ICC index extrapolated back from 1915 by the Presidents' Conference Committee series, published in Presidents' Conference Committee, Eastern Group Pamphlet 314, Trend of Cost of Shop Machinery, Jan. 1926. The machine tool price index is from the source listed for 26. For 1898 and 1899, this index was extrapolated back by the shop machinery price index alone. 28. Index of the Cost of woodworking machinery, from same source as item 25. 29. Price index for "substation apparatus" from Federal Communications Com- mission, Telephone Investigation, Special Investigation Docket #',Exhibit#2091, WesternElectric Co. Profits and Price Trends, June 14, 1937, p. 270. 30 and 31. Price index composed of the following BLS series for engines, on a 1923 base: 3 hp single cylinder, horizontal hopper cooled, weighted once; less than 5 hp hopper cooled, weighted once; 5-10 hp inclusive, weighted twice; more than 10 hp weighted six times. 32. Index composed of four equally weighted price series for insulated wire and cable from Handy, rardstick. 33. Price index for power transformers from ibid. 34. Price index for boilers from ibid. 67. Canadian import unit values for typewriters from the U.S., centered to approximate calendar years. For sources, see item 22. 105. For 1911—12, index of prices paid by farmers for farm machinery other than tractors, from Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, Income Parity for Agriculture, Part III, 1939. We extrapolated this series back to 1903 by an unweighted average of prices for rakes, tedders, disk harrows, and manure spreaders, from U.S. Bureau of Corporations, The International Harvester Company, 1913, and from 1903 back to 1899 using an unweighted average of the Adams series for mowing machines and plows (see notes to item 1). 106. PCC index of the cost of woodworking machinery. For source, see item 25. 107. A combination of PCC indexes for freight cars, weighted five times, and passenger cars, weighted once. For source, see item 16. 125. Canadian import unit values for bicycles from the U.S. centered to approximate calendar year figures. For source, see item 22. 129. Price index for 189.5, 1890, and 1880 on a 1900 base, composed of equally weighted series for harvesters, tedders, and rakes, from Holmes, Prices of Farm Implements. This index was interpolated between 1880 and 1900 and extrapolated to 1879 by a price index for farm machinery other than motor vehicles from Adams, Prices Paid by Vermont Farmers which is itself extrapolated from 1881 back to 1879 by the Adams series for plows. 072 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 1.1913—23: BLS index for passenger automobiles. 1.1899-.-1906 and 2, 1907—12: The annual index for the periods was constructed in several segments as follows: 1910—13: Index composed of prices of Ford 4.22 hp, weighted four times; Buick-7 passenger, weighted twice; Buick-5 passenger, weighted twice; and Overland 4.18 hp, weighted once. Prices are from U.S. Tariff Commission, Tarzj/' In- formation Surveys, Automobiles, Bicycles, Motor Cycles, and Axles, GPO, 192 1. 1909: Index for 1910 extrapolated back to 1909 by price of Ford Model T touring car (same one used for 1910—13) from Federal Trade Commission, Report on the Motor Vehicle Industry, p. 632, quoting U.S. Board of Tax Appeals Reports, Vol. 11, p. 1116. 311 APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—7(continued) 1904—08:Weconstructed a Fisher "ideal" index for 1904 on a 1909 base for open passenger cars: 2-door, and open passenger cars: 4-door, using Census of Manu- factures data on unit values of cars produced in the U.S. as quoted in Solomon Fabricant, The Output of Manufacturing Industries, 1899—1937, NBER, New York, 1940. We then interpolated this index between 1904 and 1909 by an equally weighted combination of our indexes for mowers and reapers (item 4, class 071) and other agricultural machinery (item 105, class 071). 1900—03: The index for 1904 was extrapolated back to 1900 using the unit value of passenger cars produced in the U.S., from Automobile Manufacturers Association, Automobile Facts and Figures, 1952. 1899: The 1904 index was extrapolated back by the unit value of complete vehicles and chassis, produced in the U.S. These are Census of Manufactures data quoted in Fabricant, Output of Manufacturing Industries, p. 578. Quarterly indexes, used only for combining with other groups, were estimated by a freehand interpolation. Values for 1899 to June 1901 were included with "cars, carriages, and other vehicles and parts of" in the published figures. We made very crude estimates of these values to complete the period. 073 Items: 5 and 6. Export unit values for crude fertilizers moved very differently from domestic prices between 1889 and 1913; they changed only slightly during the whole period, particularly after 1899, while domestic prices fell by over 50 per cent between 1890 and 1897 and then rose by 50 per cent or more by 1907—08. By contrast, the total range of the export unit values, between 1898 and 1912, was from $7.41 to $8.42 per ton. Exports through individual customs districts were still steadier in price. Exports through the Fernandina, Florida district, for example, were reported at exactly $10.00 per ton for every year checked between 1899 and 1912. The same was true of Brunswick, Georgia, and, with a few exceptions, of Jacksonville, Florida and Savannah, Georgia. Another important customs district, Tampa, Florida, reported exactly $6.00 per ton for many years. The contrast between the movements of export and domestic prices and the peculiar stability of the customs district unit values would have led us to discard the export unit values if there had been no information to confirm them. But we found that United Kingdom import unit values of crude fertilizers exhibited very similar stability during this period and therefore accepted the U.S. figures. 074 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: 5. Values for 1923 estimated from values of white and sublimed lead, using 1922 ratio. Prices estimated by extrapolation from 1922 using BLS series for lead, carbonate of (white lead): American, in oil. 13. 1899—1912: Price series for ammonia sulphate from E. E. Vial, Prices of Fertilizer Materials and Factors Affecting theFertilizerTonnage, New York State, Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Mim. 119. 14. BLS price series for benzol. 15. BLS, nitric acid. 16. BLS, acetic acid. 17. BLS, boric acid. 18. Index, on a 1923 base, of BLS prices for muriatic acid, weighted once; stearic acid, weighted once; oleic acid, weighted once; acetic acid, weighted once; and boric acid, weighted twice. 19. Index, on a 1923 base, of equally weighted BLS prices for muriatic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid. 20. BLS, picric acid. 21.1913—17: Index composed of BLS, picric acid, weighted five times; BLS, carbolic acid, weighted once; and the index for item 19, weighted once. 312 APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—7 (continued) 1909—12: Index composed of equally weighted series for muriatic acid, from BLS, and nitric and stearic acid, from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter. 22. 1918—23: Index composed of equally weighted BLS series for jet nigrosirie, water soluble .#845; direct black, #582; sulphur brown, #1177; and indigo, 20% paste, #1 177; on a 1923 base. 1913—17: The above index was extrapolated back to 1913 by one composed of the same series plus WIB series for chrysoidine Y and chrysoidine R, all on a 1918 base. 23. BLS price of logwood extract, solid. 24. mdcx composed of equally weighted Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter series for fustic extract, solid, and quercitron extract, 51°. 25. 1913—17: Index composed of equally weighted series in items 23 and 24. 1899—1912: Index composed of equally weighted Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter series for logwood extract, solid, and synthetic indigo, on a 1913 base. 27. The price index is composed of equally weighted indexes for mineral earth pigments and chemical pigments which were constructed as follows: The mineral earth pigment index was composed, for 1918 annual and 1919—23, of BLS series for barytes and whiting, equally weighted; and for 1913—17 and 1918 quarterly, of the same two plus WIB series for ocher, umber, venetian red, and paris green, also weighted equally. The chemical pigment index was composed, forl9l8 annual and 1919—23, ofequallyweighted BLS series for litho- pone and cadmium suiphide; for 1918 quarterly, of the same two plus WIB series for chrome yellow, chrome green, prussian blue, and ultramarine; and for 19 13—17, of the same series with the exception of cadmium sulphide, all equally weighted. 28. 1913—23: BLS price for lampblack. 1899—19 12: Index composed of equally weighted prices of carbon black, lampblack, and bone black, from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter. 30. Price of collodion, flexible, New York spot, from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Re- porter, Sept. 1915 through 1923. The 1918 fiscal annual was extrapolated to fIscal years 1913—15, and interpolated freehand for quarterly estimates. 37, 38 and 39. Index composed of equally weighted BLS series for soda ash and caustic soda. 40. BLS, tar. 41. BLS, benzol. 43. BLS, formaldehyde. 54. BLS, sulphuric acid, 66°. 55. Index composed of equally weighted BLS series for sulphuric acid and muriatic acid, and Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporler series for nitric acid and stearic acid, on a 1913 base. 075 To a considerable extent, 1879—99 based on outside price data. Items; 10. Index composed of equally weighted BLS series for white lead, putty, and zinc oxide, on a 1923 base. 11. Index composed of the index for item 10, weighted five times, and an index made up of equally weighted WIB prices for red lead and litharge, weighted once. 12. Wfl3toiletsoap, 1913—18, extrapolated to 1923 by export unit value for item 8. 30. Index, on a 1913 base, composed of equafly weighted BLS series for lead: white, in oil, basic carbonate; and zinc oxide: leaded grades, 5% pigment. 33. 1889—99: Same as item 30; 1890—99, extrapolated to 1889 by corresponding Aldrich series. 1879—89: Index, on an 1889 base, composed of equally weighted Aldrich series for zinc oxide and Bezanson series for lead: white, dry; lead: white, in oil; and lead: red, dry. 076 Includes items not classified elsewhere. Values range from $2.5 million to $16.3 million. 313 001 Crude animal2. foods, Items1. Cattle 8, agricultural9 3. Poultry eggs in shell

4. Swine6.5. OtherItems live4, 5 food animals, free

8.7. Sheep,Other live free food animals, dutiable 10.11. All All live live 9.animals, Sheep, animals, free dutiable dutiableand dutiable 002 Crude 1. Lobsters,nonagricultural other than animal foods,canned 2. Crabmeat 1884—1923 3. Halibut 1913—23 4. Whitefish 5. Mackerel 1879—98, 1914—23 6. Herring 1884—19121884—1912

19 13—23 1913—23 1919—23 002 Crude Animal8. Other7. foods, Salmon, shellfish: nonagriculturalfresh (cot.rr.) 1919—23 crabs, shrimps, 1919—23 10. Items9. 4, Items 7 3, 7 lobsters 1919—23 11. Items 5,7 12. Items 6, 7 003 Hay 13. Items 3—71. Hay 001 Grains I. Wheat 1889—1908 1884—88, 1919—23 2. Oats 1913—18 4. Rice3. Corn uncleaned 1913—18 005 Vegetables,6. crude Rye2.5. Beans,parley1. Onions dried 1913—18 1913—18 1909—12

1912—23

1879-1923 1913—231879—88, 1899—1923 1913—23 1879—981913—2 1 1897—1923 1910—23 TABLE C-8 Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered CoMPosrrioN rears Uncovered COVERAGE 01' MINOR IMPORT CLASSES Commodity Import Class and Composition Covered Tears Uncovered 1916—21 1884—881903—12 1916—21 1884—19231884—1915, 1922—23

1882—83

14.15. Fresh Items 1, 2, and 8 fish cxc. salmon 1889—1908 1879—83 1879—81

1889—981879—98 1922—23

1879—98 7. Garlic 1912—23 9.8. OtherPotatoes, fresh sweet, vege- dried, prepared 1879—94,1917— 18 1901—02 1904—06 1908—09 191 1—12 1919—20 14.13.12.11. ItemItems 10 10,2, and3 3 of item 3 1879—19081909 10.15. ItemsItems 2.7—9 1, VanillaI. 10 Pepper, beans unground tables 1914—181895—1900,1914—16 1903 3. Ginger root, unground, not pre- 1907 19101913 5.4. CassiaCapsicum and orcassia red pepper,vera,served unground ground 1913—23 7.6. Cloves,Capsicum unground or red pepper, unground 1919—23 1919—23 1921—23

19 19-23

19 19—23

1897—1908, 19 12—18 1909 006 Spices, 9.8. MustardItem 15 andseed, cayenne ground pepperorcrude prepared (coa'r.) and sage 1919—23 1910—11 11.10. OtherNutmeg, spices, unground n.e.s. 1884—1908, 19 19-23 1882—96 12. Items 5—8, 10, 11 14.13. Items Other 3, 4,unground 13 spices 15. Item 14, cxci. 10 17.16. Spices, ground,total dutiable 1879—83 007& Fruits and nuts, crude, 2. Peanuts,1. Peanuts, exceptnot shelled shelled bananas 1913—23 6.5.4.3. Almonds,Filberts,7. Walnuts, shellednot shellednot shelledshelled shelled 1913—23 12.11.10. OlivesCoconuts9.8. Walnuts, not shelled ChestnutsBrazil and cream nuts 1907—23 1907—231913—23 13. Lemons 14. Pineapples 19 19—23 15. Grapes 19 13—18 16. Other nuts, n.e.s. 1912 17. Items 11, 16 1909-11 1891—1908

1884—88

1882—1906 1919—23 192 1—23 1913—23 005 Vegetables, crude6.4. Potatoes,Items5.3. (cor'rr.) Potatoes, 4, 5 dutiable free Peas, dried 1884-9019 10-23 1907—23 006 Spices, crude 1884—1923 1919—23 1889—1923 1912 1912—18

1913—23 1912 C) 1919—23 1907—20 1884—1912 (continued) Fruits18. and Oranges nuts, crude, except bananas (coNT.) 21.20.19. ItemOther Item 20 fruits, 18and and limesmci. limes apples and berries 22. Grapefruit 23.24. Items Items 21, 3, 22 4 25. Items 7, 8 26. Copra, not prepared 27. Items 1, 2 28. Items 5, 6 30.29. CoconutItems 17, meat, 29 dessi- cated or prepared 31. Items 27, 28, 30 32. Items 9, 26, 31 33. Items 10, 25, 32 34. Items 14, 23, 35, 36 35. Other fruits, n.e.s., cxc. plums and 36. Plums and prunes prunes 37. Items 15, 35 38. Currants 1884—1906 1907—21 39. Dates 1922—23 40. Items 37—39 1879—1912 1903—12 41.42. BananasRaisins 1907—12 1910—12 1922—23 1910—12 1919—21 1919—23 1910—18

1912 1910—li 1903—061907—09 1889—1902 1909

1879—94 1907—081895—1908 1891879—88, 1—98 189 1—98 189 1—1906 43.Fruits Figs except bananas (coNT.) and nuts, crude, 45.44. Other fruits, mci.canned fruitsor preserved from Hawaii 1879—88 and Brazil nuts 1879—88 46. Items 13, 18 47. Items 43—45, cxc. Tea from the U.K. Brazil nuts Tea 4.2. 3.I.Tea Tea fromfrom from ChinaCanada British East Indies 5. Tea from Japan 7.6. OtherTea from tea, Dutchn.e.s. East Indies 1913—23 Items 3, 6 009a Coffee 9.8. Items1. Coffee 1—2, 4—5, 7—8 1916—2319 13—23 1913—23 1913—23

1916—23

191879—1912 13—15 Commodity Composition Import Class and Tears TABLE C-B (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and Tears Covered Uncovered 1884—88 Covered Uncovered

1913—23 1879—1923

1884—88 1879—83

1884—88

1879—83

1889—90 Cocoa or Cacao Beans1. CocoaorCacaobeans 1879—1923 Olla Bananas 2. Bananas3.1. Bananas from from Cuba Central Bananas fromJamaica 1913—23 19 13—23 4. Bananas5. Bananas from from other countriesColombiaAmerica 1913—231913—23 012 Manuf. animal foods, 1.6. ButterItems agrwulturaland1-5 substitutes 1879—1923 1889—1912 4.3.2. CheeseMilk and from cream, Switzer-Italy fresh, condensed, etc. 1921—231921913—23 1—23 7.6.5. Cheese from GreeceNether-France landsland 192 1—23 10. Items 9.8.3—9 Cheese from other countriesArgentina 192 1—23 11. Beef and veal, fresh 012 Manuf. animal foods, 17.18. Bacon Other and meat, ham preservedagricultural (cosrr.) and prepared 22.20.23.21. OleoOther19. ItemsTallow Itemsstearin meat 21, 16—18 products22 13.12. Mutton, Pork, fresh 28.26.24.27.25. ItemsSausage ItemsCream 11—14,2520, casings17, 21 18, 24 14. Lamb, fresh 29.30. Meat Other and meat meat products extracts 16.15. BolognaEggs and sausage yolks, preserved 1916—23 31. Milk, fresh and condensed 013 Manuf. animal foods, 32. Items 29—31 nonagricultural 3.2. Cod,Mackerel,1. Items haddock, 7, cured 8 hake, or preservedand pollock, cured 1914—20 4. Lobster, canned or preserved 5. Fish, packed in oil 1914—20 6. Other cured and preserved, n.e.s. 192 1—23 1919—23 1919—21 1912—21 1922—23 1914—IS 1913 1911—12 1909—121898—1923 1884—1908 1884—1923 1884—1908 1912—231913—23 1913—23 1879—831884—1906, 1912

1921—23

1879—1920 1912—20 1913—23 1913—23 19 13—23 1879—19231909—23 1913—23 (continued) 1879—1912

1909—23 Manuf. animal foods, 7. nonagricultural (corer.) 9.8. Herring, pickleddried or or smoked 12.11.10. Item 6 minus item 11 Salmon,Lobsters,Items pickled fresh or salted 4,9 13. All other fish, cxc. 014 Flour10. and Barley other grainproducts (corer.) 2. Wheat flour Rice, cleaned, cxc. 4. 3.Rice Macaroni, flour, meal, vermicelli, etc. etc.patina 11. Corn

6.5. Biscuits,7.Rice, Items uncleaned 1, 6 other wafers, and 12. Rye 9.8. OtherOatmeal breadstuffs, cxc. oatmeal 13. Items 8—12 14. Items 3, 8 17.16.15. BarleyRice, cxc.under malt under treaty withtreaty Hawaii with Hawaii 18. Other breadstuffs, cxc. macaroni and 20.19. Items Items 16, 4, 19 15 vermicelli 22.21. ItemsOther 9,farinaceous 18, 21, cxc. tapioca,substances sago, and 015 Fruits, processed 2. 1.Dates Currants sago flour 1880—83 3. 1879 5.4. RaisinsFruits, cannedand other and dried Figs processedgrapes

1899—1923 1899—1923 1899—1907 1889—1923 1899—1907 1899—1907 TABLE C—8 (continued) 1889—98 013 Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered rears Uncovered Commodzty Composition Import Class and Covered rears 1908—12Uncovered 1884—1908 1891—1902 03 fresh 014 Flour and other grain 14. Items 3,7, 10,products 11, 13 1879—1908 1912 1899—1911

1884—1908

1912—23 1905—23

1903—23

1884-98 1912 1899—1911 1880—98 1884—88 1879—98

1879—1908

1884—88 1879—83

1879—1904

1913—23

1884-90 1903—07 1884—1907

1884—88

1879—83

1899—1923

1889—1923 4. Peanut5. Cottonseed oil oil (salad oil) 6. Cocoa butter

017 8. ItemsVegetables7. Oil 1,cake 3 and and products, meal 3.2. PicklesFarinaceous1. Mushrooms and sauces sub- andmenu!. stancestruffles 5.4. VinegarOther prepared and preserved vegetables 6. Other edible substances 1913—231879-81, 1891—1923 1913—20 1921—23 7. Items 5, 6 1882—901913—16, 1920—23 1916—231917—19 8. Items 1, 4 018 Cocoa and chocolate, 2.9. Cocoa,Item1. Items 2 andprepared 2, 3macaroniprepared

1910—23

1899—1923 1891—98 1882—1923

1910—23 1916—21 1916—21 1922—23 018 Cocoa and chocolate, Sugar,3. except refined, preparedChocolate, prepared,cxc. confectionery 1882—1909 2.3. Maple1.Items Cane 1, sugar sugar,and2 related and total products syrup 1889—90 4. Beet sugar 1902—23 7.6.5. Molasses,Cane and cxc.maple item 8 Items 7, 8 sugar, cxc. refined 1898—1901

1888-1912 10.11. 9. Sugar, #13 to #20 Items 4,9, 106 020 Sugar, 12. Items 7,2. 8 Candy1. Honey andrelated confec- products refined, and 1880—88 3.4. RefinedSugar, sugar over #20 tionery

1884—87 1879—83 016 2. 1.VegetableCoconut meat,oil, cake, desi- andmeal, Olive oil cated edible ext. salad oil 1879—81 1898—1901 3. Olive oil, edible or prepared 1913—23 18791914—23 14-23 19131888—1908,19 1911—12 1891—94,1916—231909—10, 1913—23 1889—90, 1899-1923 8. Molasses, under treaty with Hawaii 1880—88 1884—881889-90, 1895—98 1879—98, (continued) 1889—1912 1879—88 19 16-23 021 Beverages, agricultural1. Malt liquors, in bot- 1884—1918 3.4.2. StillMalt wines liquors, in casksin other coveringstles or jugs 1879—19181884—1918 6.5. ChampagneItems 3, 4 and other Still wines in other sparklingcoverings wines 1884—19121884—1918 9.8.7. GingerItemsOther 1,beverages ale 2 and ginger and fruit juices 1879—83 022 Beverages, nonagricultural 10. Items2. 4, Brandy1. 5 Mineral waters beer 1879—831898—1909 3. Whiskey 4. Gin 5. Cordials, liqueurs, etc. 6. Other distilled liquors 023 7. Items 2—6 8. Items 5, 6 023 Spices, ground 10. Items9. 2, Items1. 9 Spices, 3, 4, ground 8 1891—1912 024a Tobacco, crude 2. Other1. Leaf leaf, suitable from forCuba cigar wrapping 3. Other leaf, from 5.4. ItemsOther 2—4, leaf, 6from TurkeyGreece in Asia 7.6. OtherItems 4,leaf, 6, from10 other countries 8. Items 3, 7 189 1—1923 1913—20 10. Tobacco9. Item from 8 lessPhil- item 4 ippines 19 1916—2013—14, 1919—20 025 Manufactured tobacco 12.11. ItemsOther 1,leaf, 11 from all countries 1921—23 3.2. Cigarettes,Cigars1. Cigarsproducts and and cxc.cheroots cheroots, item 4 fromcxc. item Philippines 2

1891—1912 1919—20 1879—90 1916—18 1915 Commodity Composition Import Class and Tears Uncovered TABLE C—8 (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and rears Uncovered Covered 19 19-20 Spices, ground2. Spices, ground, cxc. sage and red pepper 1889—90 Covered 1913—14

1919—23 1919—23 1919-21919—21 1

19 13—23 1922—23

1910—23

1918—21 1918—21 1918—21 1913—21 1889—1923 1913—2 1 1922—23 1910—171884—19 17 19 10-17 1912 1912

1910—11 1884—1909 1879—83 1912—23

1912—23 1912—23 025 Marwfactured tobacco 4. Cigarettes5. Other uses from ofproducts Philip-tobacco (coNT.) pines 6. Items 1, 3 026a Hides, leather, and 8. Items7. Items 6, 72, 4 3.2. Buffalo1. Cattleproducts, hides, hides, crudedry dry and Cattle salteddry-salted hides, wet- 4. Calfskins, md. kip, dry 5. Calfskins, wet-salted 1910—11 7.6. Horse, colt, and ass skins, drygreen or 1910—11 9.8. Goat and kid skins, greendrypickled or pickled 1879—1909 12.11.10. ItemsSheep 10, and 11 lamb skins, greendry

1911—23

1911—23 191 1—23

191 1—23 191 1—23 1912—23 1879—1923 026a Hides, leather, and 13. Kangaroo and products, crude (corcr.) 15.14. Items AlL 1, other 2 hides and Items 4, 5 skinswallaby skins 191 1—23 17.18.16. Items Items 6, 78, 9 19. Items 13, 14 21.20. Items 17, 18, 20 Item 19 cxc. buffalo hides, green or wet 22. Items 12, 21 23. Items 15, 22 24. Items 16, 23 027 Hides, leather and products, 2.1. semimanufacturedGoatskins,Sole leather tanned 5.4.3. HarnessItemsUpper 6, leather, and7 saddle calf leatherand(skins kip for morocco) 6. Other leather 1913—23 7. Chamois skins 8. Patent, japanned, etc. 10. Upper leather,9. Upper sheep leather, goat and kidlamb 1898—1910 1894—1910 1910 1910

1909 1898—1908 1884—97 1913—23 1879—83 1884—93

191 1—12

1910

1884—1912

1914—21 1916—23'

1916—23 1911—23 19 16—23 1911—23

1911—23

1918—23 1911911—2 1—21 1 1909—10, 1922—23 1916—2319 13—23

191922—23 16—23 19 18—2 1 (continued) 027 11.Hides, leather and products,semimanufactured (cor.rr.) 14.12.13. ItemUpper Glove 6 leather,cxc. leather belting dressed Upper leather, other andmc!. finished cattle 15. Items 4, 14 17.16. ItemsSole, band7, 15 and belting leather 19.18. Skins,Calfskins, chamois, tanned kanga- or roo,tanned etc., and dressed dressed 1916—17 21.20.22. ItemsOther Item 13,leather, 18 16, and 20 md. patent, japanned,patent,and finished, japanned,etc. n.e.s. etc. 1914—15 028 Hides, 23.24. Items Items 12, 2, 19, 16, 21 22, products,23 manufacturedGloves leather, and 4.2. Items3.1. 2, 3 BootsOther and manufs. of leather shoes 1913—17 1884—1908, Furs, unrnanufactured1. Beaver 4. Marten5.2.3. Fox,Mink cxc. silver Hare, coney, and rabbitor black 1884-88 8.6. SquirrelMole7. Muskrat 1884-881879—83 10. Items9. 1—9 Other undressed furs 1891—19231918—23 1912—171879—90 1912—231879—1911 1923 12.11. Furs from CanadaU.K. and Australia 1923 13. Furs other than items 11—12 2. Cut1. Furt fur, dressed plates, onmats, the andbeyondskin, other dryingnot manuf. advanced 1923 4.5.3. Hats,Items caps,1, 3, bonnets4 Items 2, 3 of fur 1923 1923 1923 1923 1923 TABLE C-8 (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 029 Commodity Composition Import Class and Tears Uncovered 19 16-23 1913—181879—1912, 19 19—22 1913—18 1909—15 1912—23 1913 1909—12 1912

1909—12

1912 1909—11

1889—1908 1923 1889—1908 030 Furs, semimanufactured

1913—18

191 1—23

1912—23

1912—23 1911 1879—1910 2. Horses,1. Ostrichcnia'e, from feathers, England, France,crude and Belgium 4.3. Bones,Glue stock, hoofs, hide horns, cut- Bristles, tings, etc. 6. Other7.5. Items feathers 2, 8 sortedunmanufactured crude, not 8. Horses, other countries 11.10. Grease and9. Rennets oils, dutiable,n.e.s., free inc. items1922, free and before cxc. 13.14.12. Items Horses,Grease 1, 6 andfree oils, sealn.e.s., oil dutiable 15. Horses, dutiable 1912—23 16. Feathers, advanced 17. Items 13, 16 18. Grease, n.e.s., dutiable 1913—16

1919-231916—23 1899—19181899—1915

1912—231899—1908, 1912—23 1917—23

1913—16 1916—21

1923

1899—19121899—1911 1884—981895—981916—22 1884—1912 19. Grease and oil Items 18, 19 agricultural 032 20.Other animal products,crude, nonagricultural (tallow) n.e.s. 1895—98 2. Shells,1. Ivory unmanuL tusks in natural motherstate of pearl 1913—231882—1923 033 Other animal products, 4. Fish1.3. GlueOther sounds and semimanuf.,unmanuf. glue size shellsagricultural 1884—94 2. Casein or lactarene 1898—1909 5.4.3. Bristles,BeeswaxGelatin, sorted,unmanuf. and other animal waxpreparedbunched, or 6. Bristles, not sorted Items 3, 6 034 Other animal2.7. products, Whale1. Cod oilandsensimanuf., cod-liver rwnagric. oil 1898 3. Other fish oil 1895—97 4. Seal oil 5. Items 2—4

1904—12 031 Other animal products, 031 Other animal products, 1898—1923 1916—21 1913—22 1895—19231898—19231913—23

1916—23 1917—23

1879—94

1914—23 19231923 1913—16 1914—22 1895—98 (continued) 1923 034 10. Whale and fish oil, free 035 Other animal products, 2. Sponges1. Brushesmanuf., nonagrzcultural dutiable

3. Shells, manuf. 4. Bone and horn, manuf.

5. Feathers, advanced, not for millinery and 036a Rubber and related gums, 6. Feathers, advanced quilts, etc. 3.2.1. GayuleJelutongRubber,crude crudeand and milkPontianak of 4. Other crude, scrap, and reclaimed 1911—23 036& Rubber and related gums, 7.5.6. Gutta-perchaItems crude3, (C0NT.) Balata 4 1903—23 1914—23 9.8. Rubber and gayule, Mexicancxc. Mexican 1911—1920 1899—1913 10. Items 8, 9 11. Crude rubber and 037 Rubber and related gums, 1. Manuf. of rubbermanufactured gutta-percha 2. Rubber substitutes 038 Oilseeds, crude3. Items 1, 2 039 Vegetable 2.oils, Flaxseed3. expressed, Castor1. Copra, beans not prepared 2. Linseed1. Chinese oiland wood fats, semimanufactured or nut oil 19 13-23 4. Coconut5.3. SoyaItems bean 6,oil 7 oil 1879—1923 1913—23

1912—23 19 13—23 1922—23 1912—23 1909—23 1907—23 1891—1923 1922—23

Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered rears Uncovered TABLE C—8 (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered Tears 1879—1921Uncovered Other animal6. Items products, 1, 5 semimanuf., nonagric. (coirr) 1899—19061907—13 8.7. WhaleAll other and animal fish oil oil 1912—2 1 1885—981882—1906 9. Whale and fish oil, 1879—841879—84 1903—10 1922—23 1882—19231882—1909, 19 15—23 1898—1908,1904—08, 1916—23 1903—10 1879—901891—1902

1921

1904—21 1912 039 Vegetable7.6. Denaturedfats, semimanuf. olive oil (coi.rr.)Olive foots oil oils, expressed, and 8. Palm oil 10.11. Other9. vegetable Rape oil oils, Palm kernel oil 14.13.12. OtherPeanut Items vegetable oil 10, 11 oils, dutiablefree 16.15. CottonseedNut oils, md. oil items 1, 14 18.17. ItemsCocoa 3, butter 10, 11, 16 20.19. Items Rape 18, oil 19, and 26 hemp oil 21. Items 16, 20 24.23.22. Items 4,7,3, 23 8,10, 15, 22 11 26.25. Greases,Items 2, 13mc!. olive foots oil 1913—21 27. Vegetable oil, free 1906—21 28. Vegetable oil, dutiable, md. 1907—23 29. Vegetable oil, dutiable,cocoa cxc.butter 1912—23 1912—14

1912

1907—11 1912 1909—I I 1910—12

1910-11

039 30.Vegetable Vegetable oils, oil, expressed, freefats, and seraimanuf. (cor'rr.) 1909 19061891—19051907—08 040 Other31. Item vegetable 28 and products, poppy seed oil 1884—90 1891—1908 2. Opium,1. crudecrude, agriculturalLicorice root 1899—19121910—11 1888 1889—90 3. Clover seed, red 4. Clover seed, other 5. Grass seeds 6. Sugar beet seeds 7. Vegetable ivory 8. Hops

10. Bulbs, roots,9. Cinchona and bark 12.13.11. All ItemsMustard other 11, free seed, 12 seeds whole, dutiablecorns 14. Other dutiable seeds 1889—1923 15. Trees, roots, cuttings, 17.16. Items Other 15, nursery16 and greenhouseanddutiable seedlings stock, 1884—1923 13—23 19.18. BroomNursery corn and green- house stock, free 191913—23 20. Palm leaf fans 1912—23 1910—23 1882—1923 1879—19231882—1915, 1920—23

1909—12 1919—231913—23 1919—231912—18 1910—23

1919—23

1919—23 1909—18 1879—83 1912—23 1915—21 1879—83 1912—21 1916—21 1912—21 1922—23

1912—23 1916—19

1884—87 (continued) 040 21.Other vegetable products,crude, agricultural (corrr.) 25.23.24.22. Items ItemsCastor 21,5, 136, beans24 23, cxc. Clover seed canary seed 27.26. Items 10,14, 1722, and canary seed 28.29. Opium, Vegetable less than wax 9% 041 Other30. Items vegetable 2,2. 28 products,Gambier1. Chicle,crude, crude nonagricultural 3. Logwood

6. Mangrove7.5.4. QuebrachoCopal,Sumac, damar, barkground wood kauri and unground 8. Arabic 1907—12 10. Items 8,9. 9 Other gums, dutiable 1910—12 11. Asafetida, turpentine and other varnishes, resins, and gums, free

1899—1923 1910—11 1891—1923 1884—1909, 1912—23 1907—09 1879—1906

1899—19081879—1909 1909—12

19 13—23191899—1909, 12—2319-23 1919—23 19 13—18 041 Other12. vegetable Items 13, products, 14 crude, nonagricultural (coser.) 13. Other crude dyewoods

1913—23 16.15.14. MossItemsAll other and8, 17 crudeseaweed, crudetanning material 17. Other gums and resins, free, mci. amber and senegal, but 18. Items 6, 14 cxc. arabic 20.19. Sumac, Hemlock ground bark

22.21. AllGambier other gums,and cutch free, mci. cutch 24.23. AllShellac other gums, cxc. cutch 25. Items 8, 23, 24 26. Items 3, 13 1891—981889—1909, 1912—13 27. All other moss and 042 Other vegetable products,semimanuf.,1. Starch agricultural seaweed 1879—90

1884—90 1884—89 Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered Uncovered Tears TABLE C-8 (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and 1879—83Covered Tears 1899—1909Uncovered 1879—83 1911 1884—1908 1879—1906 1913—23 1922—23 1879—83 1912—211884—1908, 1912—21

1916—23 1910—13 1913—23 1899—1923

1908—121884—98 1916—21 1915—23 043 Other vegetable product, 4.3.2. QuebrachoOther1. tanningsenthnanuf., extract and nonagric.OtherShellac dyeing extracts tanning extracts 1907—231889—1923 014 Other vegetable2. 3.1.Items products,Other 3, essential5manuf., andagriculturalLemon oil distilled oils, free, 1913—231910—23 4. Items 1, 3, oil,mci. cxc. oils other from P.!. and orange 1910—12 essential oils from 5. Item oils,P.1. cxc. other 6, and orange 1884—1909 essential oils from 045 Cotton textiles, crude (corer.) 6. Essential and distilledoils,P.'. dut., cxc. 2. Cotton, short staple 016 3. CottonItems 1, 2 orangeoil, and lemon Cotton textiles, sernimanuf.1. warps yarns and essential oils from mc!. other 047k Cotton textiles, 1.2. Cotton wastemanufactured Cotton cloth Un- 3.2. Cotton cloth, Items bleached 4—6 7. 4. Cotton5. Cotton cloth, dyed in the piece 1916—22 8. Item 4,6, cxc.and orangeorange andP.'. lemon oil lemon oil 6. Cotton cloth, other Cotton colored,printed dyed cloth, 015 Cotton textiles, crude 1 Cotton, long staple 192 1—23 7.8. Sewing thread, em- broiderycxc. terry cotton, cloth pile fabrics, 10. Cotton9. hosieryCotton gloves etc. 1921—23 '3 1879—1920 11. Cotton underwear, and other knit goods

1889—1923 1899—1923

1889—1923

1913—23 1911—23 191 1923 1—15, 1889—1912

1910—12

1916—22 1884—1909 1916—22

1891—1923 1879—83 1913—23 1879—83 1910—15,1914—16, 1920—23 1917—19 (continued) 1920—23 1916—19

1914—23 Cotton texiiles, 14.13.12. ItemsOther 12,cotton 13 wearingmanufactured Other cotton wearingapparelapparel, product of P.!. 15.16. Cotton Handmade handkerchiefs laces and mufflers 17. Machine made laces 18. Items 19, 20 20.19. Veils Nets and and veilings netting 21. Lace window curtains 22. Embroideries 24.23. OtherLace etc., laces product of P.1. 25. Items 23, 24 26. Cotton tapestries, etc. 28.27. ItemsOther 26,manufs. 27 of cotton, mc!. terry 0478 34.35.Cotton textiles, manufactured (cor.rr.)Items 15, 29 30.29. OtherItems 2,manufs. 3 of cotton, mc!. thread 36. Cotton cloth, total Items 7, 34 31. Items 10, 32 37. Cotton yarns, etc. 38. OtherCorsets cotton wearing apparel 33.32. ItemsOther 16, cotton 17, 19—22, knit goods, md. gloves 048 Jute and products, crude 40.39. Items 33, 35, 37—39 and 25 049a Jute 1. Jute andsemimanufactured jute butts, Items textiles,2, 3 unmanufactured 1889—1913, 2.3.1. Burlaps, bleached Burlaps, unbleached 1914—22 1923 050 Jute textiles, manufactured 2. Bagging1. for cotton, Jute bags or sacks gunny cloth, etc. 051a Other vegetable fibers, 2.3. ItemsManilla1. Sisal 1, crudeor2 abaca 1914—22

1891—1911 1884—90 1884—1923 1879—88 1891—1923 1884—88

1884—88 Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered Years Uncovered Commodity Import Class and Composition Covered Tears 1884—88Uncovered 0478 1919—23 1879—83

1919—23 1912—231889—19181912—23 1912—23 1912—201921—231912—20 1912—23 19 12—23

1919—23 1919—23 1912—18 1919—23

19 19-23 1913—18

1912

1879—90

1910—13 1889—1923 1889—19 10 1884-1911 1895—1923 1891—1909

1895—23 1889—94 051& Other vegetable fibers, crude (coNT.) 053a Other vegetable textiles, manufactured (cor'rr.) 5.4.S. Flax,IstleHemp, or hackled unmanuf.tampico 1919—231891—1923 1919—23 3. Linoleum and floor oilcloth 1889—19231899—1917, 1920—23 1882-881918—19 9.8.7.6. ItemsOtherKapok 10,5,flax 6 11 1910-21911—231879—1912 1 19 13—181922—23 6.4. PlainCoir5. Items yarnwoven 6, 7 fabrics ramieof flax, hemp, and 1903—1921922—23 1 13.12.11.10. ItemsNewMaguey Zealand 10,8,11 and 12 otherflax vegetable fibers 19101891—19091911—21 8. Handkerchiefs7. Other woven fabrics ramieof flax, hemp, and 1919—231919—21 1899—1918 17.16.15.14. ItemsJute 1,4,2, 16133 1879—831884—891879—90 1888—90 10. Hats,9. etc., Hats, of straw,bonnets, and blockedgrass,hoods ofetc., straw, not 1919—23 052 Other vegetable fibers, 1. Yarns semimanufacturedof jute, flax, hemp, etc. 1913—23 1889—1912 12.11. ItemsHats, etc.,9, 10 product of Philippinesblocked 1912—231899—191919—23 18 3. Artificial2. Materials silk, for threads hats of straw,and etc.filaments 1913—231899—1923 15.14.13. ItemsLacesStraw 15,and 16 em-grass, broideries 1899—19211922—231910—23 053a Other vegetable textiles, 1. Bindingmanufactured twine 1899—1923 1895—98 17.16. OtherWoven manufs. articles of and fibers, manufs.grasses,manufactures etc.of flax, md. 1919—21 2. Matting and mats of IndiaChina, straw Japan, and 1899—1923 1891—98 (continued) 19.18. ItemsWearing 16, apparel17 damasks 1916—231916—181919—23 Other20. Items vegetable 18, textiles,19 manufactured (coz'rr.) 22.23.21. Manufs. Manufs.Hat trimmings, of artificialof artificial md. silk artificialhorsehair and orna- 24. Hat trimmings, cxc. artificialmental feathers and orna- 27.26.25. Cables,ItemsCarpets 13, cordage,and 20, carpeting minus threads,itemmental 26 feathers and twine 29.28. ItemsItem 25 6, minus28 item 27 30. Items 34, 35 31. Manufs. of flax, hemp, and ramie, 32. Hats of straw, etc., andn.e.s. materials for 33. Items 1, 26 053a 37.Other Brown vegetable or textiles,bleachedmanufactured linens, ducks, etc. 34. Jute bags and baggings 35. Burlaps, total 38. Items 40—42 the(manuL yard) of flax, by 36. Yarns of flax, hemp, and ramie, not 39. Items 34—38, 43 md. thread 40. Manufs. of flax 42.43.41. Other Manufs.Thread manuls. and of hemp, twineof by hempthe yard 054& Wool textiles, crude 2. Clothing1. wool Carpet wool 3. Combing wool 1884—1923 6.5.4. CombingHair of angora, wool; mci.goat, Items 1, 2, 5 angora,alpaca, etc.goat, etc. 055 Wool textiles,1. Woolensemimanufactured yarns 1884—19231914—23 Commodity Composition Import Class and rears TABLE C-8 (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and 1914—23 Tears Covered 1910—15Uncovered Covered Uncovered 1882—831879—81, 1884—88 1884—1913 1913—23 1879—83 1913—23

1914—23

1889—1913

1905—09

1895—1909 1899—1904

1899—19021879—81 1903—04 1889-98 1884—981879—94

1884-88 1884-88 1884-881879—81

1884-88 1879—81

1879—81 1884—88

2. Wool and hair, advanced; md. tops 1919—23 1889—98, 1913—23 1916—18 5. Shoddy, mungo, flocks, and carbonized wool 3.2. Woolens1. Itemsmanufactured 4,5 Worsteds 4. Items 2, 3 5. Dress goods 6. Items 7, 8

7. Carpets and carpeting, woven whole 10. Items 11,9.8. 12ClothCarpets of andangora, carpet- alpaca,ing, other etc. 12.11. Other of woolhair, 14.13. Items Item 9, 11,13 md. wool andcxc.and topshuman hair, advanced,hair 1922—23 15. Wool wearing apparel 1919—21 16. Items 18—21 1919—21 1879—1918 1879—1921 1879—1915, 1922—23 1916—211916—21 1914—23 1922—23 1916—21

1913—21

056a Wool textiles, 17. Items 18, 19 manufactured (cor.rr.) 1914—15 18. Items 11, 15 1913 21.20.19. Wool Shawls yarns Flocks, etc. nails, waste, 1908—121913—23 23.22. Knit Woolwearing fabrics apparel 24. Other wool of 057a Silk textiles, crude 25. Items 21,2. 22,1. 24 SilkRaw silkcocoons 058 Silk textiles, 1. Spun silksemimanufactured or schappe silk yam 1906-07 059k Silk textiles, 2. Silk1. Fabrics, wastemanufactured broad, cxc. 4.2. SilkPile3. Bolting fabricsribbons cloths pile fabrics 1899—1905 5. Banding, belting, etc. 1884—88 1899—19071879—1905 6. Wearing apparel, mci. hats, caps, etc. 1884-98 1879—98

1884—98 1879—83 1879—1923 1882—1908, 1912—23 1899—1923 1913—23 1882—1912 1879—1923 055 Wool textiles, 3. semimanufactured (coNr.)Items 4, 5 1879—88 1889—94, 1898, 1879—19121899—1923 1913—231879—1909, 19 12—23 4. Rags, nails, waste 1895—97 1914—23 1910—23 056k Wool textiles, 1895—97 1890—1923 C) (continued) 059a Silk textiles, 7. manufactured HandkerchiefsLaces, and etc. embroideries, 10. 8.9. OtherItems manufs. 8, 9 of silkmufflers 13.11.12. ArtificialItems Artificial 11, silk12 silk, yarns, other manufs.threads, etc. 14. Items 10—12 1913—23 17.15.18.16. ItemItems SpunItems 6 5, minus silk, 1416,21 silkitem yarn, 21 and items 2, 15 20.21. Items19. Hosiery Items16, 17 17, 18 1919—23 061 Other animal fibers,1. Humanmanufactured hair, cleaned 19 19—23 191 1—18

1912

1912 1911 1910 1899—1909

1890—98 1884—89 1884—89 1883 1879—82 061 Other animal fibers, manufactured (coter.)Nets and netting of 1910—231879—82 4.3.2. Items 1—3 Other human hair manufs. of hair 19 1910—23 10—23 5. Other manufs. of hair 1923 1879—1909 6.7. Manufs.Items 4,of artificial5 062a Wood and products, crude 2. 8.Pulpwood, Items1. 6, peeled7 Pulpwood, rough horse hair 4.3. Pulpwood, rossed Logs and woodtimber, cxc. cabinet round 5. Cabinet woods in the Cabinet woods in thelog, mahogany 9.8. CabinetPaper7.6. siock woods other in the Rags for paper stocklog, other cedar 1923 10.11. Rattan, unmanuf. Briar root, wood, ivy,etc.than rags 1912—22 1912 1910—Il

Commodity Composition Import Clans and Covered Uncovered Tears TABLE C-8 (continued) Commodity CompositionImport Clans and Covered rears Uncovered 1879—1912 1910—12 1879—1904 060 Other animal fibers, crude 2. Horse1. Human hair hair, uncleaned 3. Other animal hair 1910—23 4. Items 1—3 19 10-23 19 10-23

1895—1923

1910—23 1879—1923

1910—23 1923 1879—98 1899—1923 19 10-23

1910—23 062k Wood and products, crude (caNT.) 12. 13.14. Items Items 18, 1—3 19 Other unmanuf. wood, free 15. Items 6,8 16. Items 10—12 17. Items 14, 16 18. Other unmanuf. 20. Items19. Timber,4, 5, 15, hewn, 17 squared,wood, dutiable and sided 1889—94 Wood and2.1. products, SawedBoards,paper, cxc.cabinet planks, semimanufactured woods deals, 1914—23 etc. 1914—23 064 Wood and products, exc. paper, manufacturedFurniture 5.4. CorkItems3. Cork waste 3, bark4 and or wood, shavingsunmanufactured 4. 5.3.Baskets Other manufs. of wood md. osier and 8.6. OtherChair7. Other canelumber, lumber, or reeddutiable free 7.6. ItemsTimbers, 5, 6 other than sawedwillow 9. Items 7, 8 8. Items 4, 7 064 Wood10. Items and2. products, 1, ShinglesI. 2 Laths paper,cxc. manufactured 1879—1913 10. Other manufs.9. Cork of disks, cork wafers, and washers, etc. 15.13.11.14.12. Items OtherChair 8,9,3, 121013,caneunmanuf. 14 or reed wood, dutiable 065a Paper and related products, 1. Woodsemimanufactured and other pulp, mechanically 1884—1923 2. Chemical wood pulp, ground 1909—23 sulphite, un- 1916—23 3. Chemical wood pulp, sulphate,bleached un- 1g17—23 4. Items5. Chemical 2, 3 wood pulp, sulphite,bleached bleached 1919—23

1919—23 1916—18 1910—15

1919—23 1919—23 1898—1918 1910—12 1864—1909

1907—09 1889—97,1910—23, 1905—23 1898—19041907—091895—19061895—1909 1884—88 1879—83 1879—881879-88, 1898—1904 19 19—23

1919-23 1913—18 191879—1912 1914—231879—19131914—23 13—23 1899—1923 1879—98 1899—1923 1917—23 (continued) 1909—16

1917—23 TABLE C-8 (continued) 065a Paper and relatedCommodity products, Compositionsemimanufactured (coser.)Import Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 066a Paper and products, Commodity Composition manufacturedImport Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 6. Chemical8.7. Items 1,5, wood 4,6 7 pulp, sulphate, bleached 1920—23 1889—19081909—16 1917—19 20.19.18.17. Items Items 3, 11,12,1,2, 98 1819 1909—10 19101911 21. Items 17, 20 1909 055s Paper and products, 22. Parchment paper 1905—08 1899-1904 2.1. StandardWrappingmanufactured newsprint paper 1913—23191 1—23 1912 24.23. ItemCigarette 21 minus paper, item pipes, 22 smokers' articles 1899—1904 - 1899—1922 5.4.3. SurfaceAllPulp other boards coated paper, in paperrolls cxc. 1910—23 printed matter 1919—23 1919—23 26.25. PostOther cards paper and and other printedlithographic matter 1899—1912 1879—98 9.8.7.6. Decals,ItemsOther 4,6,printing not 57 printed 1911—12 1914—231913—231912—131914-18 067 Coal, crude 1. Bituminous coal products, manuf. 1918—231879—1923 1898—1909, 12.11.10. CigarettePhotographic papery paper books, covers 1910—12 1913—23 1911-231913—23 068 Coal, semimanufactured 2. Anthracite coal 1906—23 1912—17 14.13. Books and other printed matter, free 1879—1923 Petroleum and related1. CokePetroleum,products, crude crude 1913—23 16.15. PostLithographic cards, litho- printed matter,grapheddutiable n.e.s. 1913—23 2. Lubricating, illurnina. finishedtops,ting, andand products fuelother oils, Un- 1913—23 069a Petroleum and related 4. Mineral3. oil,products, free crude (coorr.)items 4, 5 070 Petroleum and related 2.5. ParaffinMineralI. Asphalt products,oil,wax and dutiable and bitumen semimanuf. (171 Petrolewn and related1. Gasoline,products, naptha, manufactured and otherparaffin light finished 072k Precious stones, crude 1. Diamonds, rough, products 4.3.2. OtherDiamonds,Item 3, precious cxc. glaziers', bort stones md.engravers', bort uncutetc. 1909—12 5. Items 1, 2 1899—1908 1899—1908 073k Precious stones, 6. Diamondsemimanufactured dust and bort 2. Pearls,1. Diamonds, not strung cut, but or setnot set 1913—14, 1917—23 1915—16 1914—23 1916—23 073a Precious stones, 4.3. imitationOther precioussemimanufactured precious and (cor'rr.) semipreciousstones stones, 1916—23 6. Other7.5. GoldItems manufs. and 3, 4silver of goldjewelry andcut, silverbut not set 1899—1913 1904-091899—1915 1898, 1913—23 1911—231899—1912 10. Items9. 8, Items8. 9 Items 5, 62, 7 11. Diamonds, miners', glaziers', etc., and 1898 14.13.12. ItemsOther 1,3,precious 114, 12 stones, rough,rough anduncut uncut 1897 1912—23 15. Jewelry, gold and silver mantds., 16. Items 13, 14, minus itempearls 17 074 Other17. nonmetallic Diamonds, minerals, miners',crude glaziers', etc. 2. Kaolin,I. Asbestos, china, unmanuL or paper clay 1908—121898—1900, 1912—23

1908—12 1911 1901—071901—10 1916—231889—1923 1884—88 1898—1900 1898

1897

1879—97

1879—96 1882—96 (continued) 1907—231911—23 Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered rears Uncovered TABLE C—8 (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 074 Other nonmetallic4.3. Mica,Other minerals, claycrude,crude (coseT.)un- 1911—23 075 Other nonmetallic3. Marble, minerals,semimanufactured breccia, (cor.rr.) onyx, crude 6.5. PyritesGraphite or or suiphuret plum- bagoofmanuf. iron 1882—19231899—19231913—23 6.5.4. Manufs.OtherItems 3,building of4 marble, and monumentaistone,breccia, onyx etc. 8.7. FlintGypsum and orflint plaster stones ozokeriterock 9.8. Talcum,Mica,7. Cement, cut, steatite, split, cxc. Portland etc., ground,manuf. prepared 12.11.10. LithographicEmeryCorundum9. Mineralore stones, wax or not engraved 11.10. ItemsOther 5,stone 10 and manuf. 13. Chalk, unmanuf. 19 19—23 15.14. FluorsparMonazite sand and thorite 16. Items 2, 3 1882—1910 075 Other nonmetallic1. Artificial minerals,semimanufactured abrasives, crude 1916—23 1884—1918

1908—12 1879—83

1916—23 19 12—23

1916—231913—2319 12—23 1919—23 1916—23 1914—231916—23 1916—231916—23 19 1916—2316-23 1913—19 1884—1913 076a Other nonmetallic minerals, 1. Earthenware,manufactured crockery, stone- 3.2. Glass:Chinaware, cylinder, exported fromware, U.K. total 1915—19 crown, sheet, un- 1914—23 2. Cement, Portland and other hydraulic 1882—1912, 1920—23 4. Salt polished 1879—192319 14-23 1879—1923

5. Plate glass, unsilvered 1879—1914, 1920—23 0768 Other nonmetallic minerals, 7.6. GlassChinaware containers,manufactured except (cos.rr.) bottles,from U.K. etc. 10. Other8. glassware Items9. Glass 9, 10plates or purposesdisks for optical 12.11. GlassOptical bottles, instruments, spectaclesdecanters,md. lenses etc.,and cut 13. Other stones, free or ornamented 14. Asbestos, manuf. 17.16.15. Electrodes,Carbon for brushes,electric etc. lights of carbon 18. Other manufs. of carbon 21.20.19. ArtificialOther Chalk natural manuf.abrasives, manuf.,abrasives md. pumice, diamond 0768 Other nonmetallic minerals, 25.24. China,China andearthenware, earthen-manufactured (cooer.) wareetc., except from from U.K 22. Meerschaum, crude dust, etc. 26. Items 10, 11 U.K. 23. Other earthen, stone, and chinaware, 27.28. Items Glass: 12, cylinder,26 crown, and sheet, polished, md. bricks and tiles 1899—1913 29. Item 27 minus item 28 unsilvered 1889—1909 30. Plate glass, fluted, etc. 1879—88 31. Item 29 minus item 30 32. Plate glass, cast, polished, silvered 1879—88 1914—23 34.33. Glass:Other glasswarecylinder, polished,crown, silvered sheet, 1899—19131889—98 37.36.35. ItemsChina, China, 28, earthenware, 33earthenware, etc.,etc., decorated not decorated 1884—1923 38.39. Items Items 7, 3423, 35, 36 1922—23 0778 .Wonferrous metals, crude 2. Chrome1. Manganese ore or ores chromite

19&4—21 1912—21

1912—23

191 1—23 1912—23 1912—23 1922—23

1916—21 1916—21 1916—21 1916—23

1916-23

1899— 19 13 1911 1916—23 1910 1884—981920—23

1885—88 1909 1889—1908 1907—08

1889—1906

1884—19061885—88, 1899—1906

1884—98

1884—98 1879—84 1879—83 1879—83

(continued) 1898—1923 1913—23

1909—12 Xonferrous metals, crude (corrr.) 6. Items5.4.3. Copper 4, 5 regulus,concentratesore etc. 1909-151916—231889—94, 1909—23 10. Nickel9.8. oreLeadPlatinum,7. Lead and bullion matte ore unmanuf. and or1904—23 basematte bullion 1913—231910—23 13.11.14.12. AluminumZinc CobaltTin ore ore ore ore and or metal bauxite 1916—231908—23 16.15. Tungsten Gold and silver sweepings 17. Other crude minerals, md. vanadium ore 18. Items 7, 8 andalloy other ores ferro- .Wonferrous I. Copper,semimanufactured unrefined, in pigs, bars, etc. metals, 21.20. Lead,19. Lead: Items other pigs, 3,manuf. 6bars, old 3.2. ItemsCopper 1, refined, 2 in pigs, bars, etc. 23.22. Items 21,18, 2220, and lead in silver ore 4. Copper, old, and clippings, for cc- 24. Item 23, cxc. lead in silver ore 5. Brass, old, and clippings,manuf. for 1913—23 6. Tin bars, blocks, pigs remanuf. 8.7. PlatinumAluminum ingots, metal, scrap, and alloys 9. Antimony, liquidated, regulus,bars, etc. or metal 1899—1908,1899—19081912—23 1914—23 Import Class and Composition Covered Tears Uncovered TABLE C-8 (continued) Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered Tears Uncovered 1916—231916—231909—13 1879—88 1913—15 13. Tungsten and other 1899—1912, 1916—23 15.14. CompositionZinc: blocks, metal,pigs, copperold,ferro-alloys etc. chief value

1912—23 1916—23

1916—23 1916—23

1916—23

1898 1913—23 1879—1923 1894—98

19 12—23 10.11. 1898—1909 12. 1895—1908

1894—97 1891—93 AntimonyItems 9. ore 10 1904—12 1889—90 Lead: pigs, bars, old,etc.

1898

1898 1895—97

1913—15

191 1—23

1913—23

1884—1912 1913—23 17. Nickel manu& 20.19.18. Other TinPlatinum manufs.manufs. of metal,dutiable md. quick- 21.22. Items Platinum 16—20 metals and silvernativemetal and combinations type 24.23. CopperOther metals ingots, and bars, thereofplates,alloys, freeetc., and old 27.26.25. Manufs.ItemsPlatinum, 8, 25of aluminum andmetal composition 19121882—19111895—1912 28. Other metals and alloys, etc., md. 078a Nonferrous senzjmanufactured (cowr.) metals, 35.34. Lead:Item 35, pigs, and bars, other old,manufs. etc. of lead 1879—821883—88 29. Items 7, 27, 28 elect, lamps 37.36. ItemsZinc sheets 14, 36 and other manufs. of zinc 30. Items 13, 29 38. Zinc bars, blocks, pigs, and manufs. 31. Item 30 minus item ItemsItem 24, 11,31 and copperregulus, etc. 40.39. BrassZinc sheets and manufs. of zinc 1879—82 41. Metals, alloys, metal composition and 43.44.42. Lead ItemsOther manufs. 40,manufs. 41 of tin manufs. 079 Nonferrous metals, 2. Cases1. Watches andmanufactured parts and watchof watches,movements md. jewels, 3. Items 1, 2 cxc. dials 078& Nonferrous 16. Brass manufs. semimanufactured (cor.rr.) metals, 1899—1905, 19 19—23 1919—2319 19-23 4. Items 5, 6 19 13—181919—23 5. Zinc dust 6. Other manufs. of zinc 1916—23

1916—23

1912

1912 1911 1906—10

1895—1905 1884—88 1883 1879—94 1884-94

1884—88

1883 1879—82 1879—82 1879—82 32. 16 1913 1919—23 1899—1912 1879—98,1913, 1919—23 33. 1913—21889—1912, 1 1922—231914—18 (continued) 1913—21 Import Class and Tears Uncovered TABLE C—8 (continued) Import Class and Tears 079 .WonferrousCommodity metals,7. Chronometers, Composition manufacturedclocks, Covered Commodity Composition Covered Uncovered 9.8. Jewelry,Gold and gold, silver silver, threads,and otherparts braids, of 11.10. OtherItems manufs.9,10 of gold andfabrics, silver and laces 13.14.12. Bronze LeadCopper and manufs., manufs., n.e.s. n.e.s. of 15. Manufs. of aluminum 1882—1923 Iron17.16. BrassPlatinum manufs. manufs., other dutiable 080 2. Iron1. Iron ore, ore, crudefrom cxc. Sweden from and steel products, Sweden 1909—23 1882—1908 19 13—23 Iron 4.3. ChromateItems 1, semimanufactured2 of iron and steel products, 1919—23

1919—23 1913—18 1879—1923 1889—1923 1899—1923 19 13—23

1912—23 1879—98

Iron and steel2. products,semimanufactured 1909—23 3. Ferromanganese Scrap iron and steel 4. Ferrosilicon 1909—12 5. Other pig iron 6. Tin plates, terne- plates, and tagger? 7. Items 8—10 ties 9.8. Steel ingots, blooms,etc., bessemeretc., free or open

10. Steel ingots, etc., crucible,hearth, dutiable electric, or 191899—1923 13—23 1889—98 11.12. Items 9, 10 cementation process 13.14. WirePigIron rods iron, and steelmd. ferro-sheetsandmanganese plates and 1913—23 1913—23 17.15.16. Item 12 and hoops, Sheet,Itemt 17, plate, 18 and taggers'ferrosilicon iron

1915—22 1879—1914, 1923 1884—1913, 1922—23 1919—211914—21

1919—21 1891—98 1899—19231913—231914—18 1879—19121883—1912 1891—98 1. Bar iron 1879—1923 strips, etc. of steel 1884—881879—90 1889—90 20.Iron19. Items18. Ironand 7, steel scrap 17 products,semimanufactured (cor.rr.)Hoop, band, and scroll of iron 21. Items 13, 20

Iron and steel and1. Railsproducts, for railways manuf. 6.5. Needles, hand and Scissors and shears sewing, darning, 7. Razors and parts of shoe machine, etc. 8. Other cutlery 9. Antifriction balls and bearings 11.10. Other Table needles and kitchenware, etc. 1919—23 1891—1918 13.12. ItemsOther 11,12 and steel, dutiable of iron 1913—23 1913—23

1912—23 Iron and steel and 15.14. OtherShotgun manufs. barrels ofproducts, iron manuf. (corer.) and steel, free

1907—23 17.16. Items 13, 14 Items 14, 15 1919—23 18. Cutlery 19. Aeroplanes 22—23,21.20. Bicycles,Other 25—26, vehicles motor- 28—29, and partscycles, etc. 24.33—34, Firearms, 36—37, 41—42.dutiable All other manufs. ofiron(varying and steel content) 1914—16, 31.27.30. ChainsHoop, band, and Files scroll 1917—221891—1916, 1923 32. Anvils 1889—1912 19131879—88 38.35. Hoops,Item 6, bands,and other ties, needlesfor baling cotton 1912 43.40.39. Anchors,Hoop, Steel band, scrap chains, and cables,scroll of of iron all types 1912

1912

1879—1912 1899—1909 1879—19041879—981899—1908 1879—88 1884—1904 1879—88, 1889—90 1884—881889—98 1889—961884—88 1899—1907, 18831879—82 1884—881884-90 1913—23 1889—98, 1908—09, 1904—09, 1912 1916—18 1912 1879—881879—82 2. Structural shapes, and building forms 19 13-23 3. Wire and manufs. of 1879—1923 1916—18 1913—15, 4. Pen and pocket knives 1913—15, 1919—23 1919—23 1914—18 (continued) 082a 45.44.Iron and steel and products, manuf. Saws and tools (cosrr.) 083 Machinery 46. CastingsI. Electric lamps, Hardware incandescent, carbon 2. Electric lamps, incandescent,filaments metal 3. Agricultural machineryfilaments and 6.5.4. SewingMetalworkingTextile machinerymachines and partsmachineimplements tools 7. Cream separators, valued not over 8. Other machinery, free $50.00 9. Other machinery, 1879—82 10. Other electric lamps dutiable 1879—82 11. Items 7,8 1879—82 084 Vehicles12. Items 3—6,1. Autos 9, 11

1913—23

1915—23

1915—13

1915—23 1915—23

1919—23 1919—23

1915—23 084 Vehicles (corer.)2. Chassis 1916—23 3. Items 4, 5 1915—18 4. Parts of automobiles 1879—1914 5. Items 6, 7 6. Bicycles, motorcycles, other cycles and 7. Items 8—10 parts 8. Aeroplanes 10.11. Other Parts vehicles9. of Parts autos, and of mci. aeroplanesparts 085 Chemicals and allied I. Guanoproducts, crude chassis 4.3.2. BoneManureItem 12phosphates, saltsand other fertilizersdust, ash, and meal 5. Kainite6. Dried blood 1922—23 7. Calcium cyanamid 1913—21 8. Other fertilizers, inc. manure salts and 1917—21 crude phosphates

1913—16 1915—16 1913—14 1913—14 1913—14

1899—1912 1899—1912 1879—98, TABLE C—8 (continued) 1906—1923 1913—23 Commodity Composition Import Class and Covered Tears Uncovered Commodity Composition Import Class and 1913—23 Covered rears Uncovered 1913—17,1913—23 1919—231910—15, 19 19—231919—23 1911—12 1910—12 1899—1923 1916—181911—12, 1918

1916—18

1910 085 Chemicals and allied 086& Chemicals, semimanufactured (cosrr.) 10. Items9. 7, Kainite, 8 preducis, keiserite, crude kyanite, etc. 1899—1909 1909 21.20. Potassium nitrate, Potassium hydrate crude,(hydroxide) or saltpeter 1907—121879—1912 1913—231919—23 14.13.12.11. ItemsOtherCrudeItem 10, 2, fertilizersphosphates 11cxc. 12 1882—981882—19081899—19051906—08 25.24.23.22. ChlorinatedCitratePotassium of lime cyanide lime or 1910—12 1913—231912—23 26. Benzine and toluene bleaching powder 1879—1912 Napthalene 1913—231919—23 086a Chemicals, semimanufactured 2. Calcium1. Sodium cyanamid nitrate 1913—231879—1923 28.27. OtherItems 28,crude 30 coal tarproducts, joel. toluol 1919-21922—231919—23 1 6.5.4.3. DeadPotassiumSulphate or creosote of sulphatechloride ammonia oil 1899—19231907—231884—1923 32.31.29.30. CarbolicItemsCresol 25, acid, 26, 28, semi-crude 29 19] 1907—181917—217—23 11.10. PotassiumIodine,9.8.7. Arsenic GlycerinMuriatecrude bitartrate, sulphideof ammonia 1907—231912—231884—19231910—23 34.33. AlizarinItems 30, and 32 de- rivativesmanuf. (phenol) 1889—98 1884—88,1912—16 1899-1923 13.12. PotassiumOxalic acid carbonate winecrude, lees argols, or 1907—231913—231879—1923 1912 38.37.36.35. OtherAnalineItemsColors 37, coalor salts dyes,38 tar n.e.s. 1919-211907—211922—231884—1923 16.15.14. Other Potassium acids, free dutiablecompounds, ne.s. 1917—231913—23 1912 40.39. CoalBenzoic tar medicinalsacid and intermediateotherintermediates coal tar acids 1919—231919—23 19.18.17. Indigo,Item 16 synthetic naturaland benzoie acid 1899—19211913—16 1922—23 (continued) 42.41. ItemsOther 38—41 finished coal tar chemicals 1917—181919—23 44.43. FusilItem 42,oil, exc.or amylic andbenzoic butyl acid alcohol 1910—23 47.46.45. Magnesite,Camphor, natural, calcined,not purifiedcrude 1920—231899—1923 50.49.48. ItemsOther 48,sodium 49 compounds,not purified freedutiable 1910—12 51. Sulphur or brimstone 1879—1912 54.53.52. ItemsPigmentsLithopone 52, 53other and otherthan zinc,zinc pigments and varnish 55. Sodium cyanide 56. Egg albumen 57. Balsams, crude 63. Calcium acetate, 58. Extracts for dyeing carbide, chloride, 60.59. ItemsOther 56—59 chemicals, dutiableand coloring 64. Items 62, 63 crude, and nitrate 61. Items 55, 60 65. Item 64 and magnesite, not 62. Other chemicals, free 66. Tar and pitch purified, crude 67. Items 5, 13, 21 69.68. ItemsOther 9,chemicals, 68 n.e.s., dutiable 71.70. MedicinalOther gums, preparations, dutiable n.e.s., dutiable 72. Other acids, dutiable 73. Items 12, 72 74. Items 69—71, 73 75. Items 14, 21 77.76. AllGelatin other chemicals, dutiable 1919—231918 78.79. Camphor, All other refined, chemicals, dutiable;synthetic md. gelatin and ref. synthetic camphor 81. Items 3, 43, 79, and quebracho extract 1913—17 1899—1906 1891—981916-23

1912 1911

1911—12191 1—12 1912 Covered Tears Uncovered TABLE C-8 (continued) Tears 086& Chemicals, semimanufactured Commodity Composition Import Class and (corrr.) 1907—16 086a Chemicals,Commodity semimanufacturedComposition Import Class and (CONT.) Covered Uncovered 1911 190919101910—il 1909—12

1879—98

1918—19

1913—17

1915—23

1915—23 1908—14 19 13—23

1919—23

1919—23 1883—1918 1915—23 19 19—23 1919—23

1919—23

1919—23 1915—18 1913—14 1909—12 1919—23 1907—08

1905—06 086a Chemicals, semimanufactured 84.83.82. AllPotassiumOther other acids, chemicals, chlorate free n.e.s., dutiable (coN'r.)1891—98 85. Items 33, 84 87.86. OtherItem 86 chemicals, and other cruden.e.s., dyewoodsfree 88.90.89. Items VegetableItem 85, 88 87, minus waxminus other crudelogwoodand logwood dyewoods 91. Mineral wax 92. Items 90, 91 95.94.93. AllCochinealOther other chemicals, chemicals, free, freecxc. cochineal 96. Items 98—100 97. Soda ash 100. Caustic99.98. soda OtherSal soda sodium compounds 101. Items 97, 99 102. Items 18, 19 086a Chemicals, 103. Mineral oil, free 110.109.108.107. LicoriceGroundQuinineLogwood sumacroot and other dye extracts semimanufactured (cosrr.) 1884—88 104. Mineral oil, dutiable 112.111. ItemsOther 34,chemicals, 94 dutiable 105. Items 103, 104 113. Sodium bicarbonate 106. Items 67, 82, 83 115.114. OtherWhiting sodium and paris com- whitepounds 1884-88 118.117.116. WhiteOtherRed lead paints,lead and colors, etc.litharge 087 Chemicals and allied 1. Quinineproducts, sulphate manufactured and other alkalies and 1884—88 salts from cinchona 4. Other3.2. Soap,Camphor, explosives, castile refined, n.e.s.synthetic 6. Other5. Fulminates, soap gunpowder, etc. 1879—83 1879—83 1879—88

1879—88

1879—82

1879—82 189 1—1904 1899—1904 1879—82 (.11 1912 1879—82 1910—11

1912

1910—11

1909

1907—08 1910—12 1910—12 1907—09

1905—06

1884-1904 1879—1904 1905—07 1899—1907

1889—1904 1899—1904 1899—1904

1895—98 1895—98 1893—98 1879—94 1884—90

1893—98 1879—98 1879—92 1913—231889—1923 1879—98 1913—23 1916—231913—IS, 19 19-23 1916—18 (continued) 19 19-23

1913—15 1913—18 087 Chemicals and7. alliedPerfumeryproducts, and manufactured 9.8. Soap, medicated, and Medicinal prepara- perfumed,tions,cosmetics md. ne.s. 12.11.10. OtherSoap, soap,medicatedsoap cxc. and perfumeditemcastile Ii 13. Explosives 14. Collodion and manufactures 088 Miscellaneous 2.1. Motion picture films, sensitized,positives not 5.4.3. OtherMotionItems films,2, picture 4 sensi- films, negativesexposedtized, not exposed 6. Other toys 7. Dolls and parts of 1911—23 8. Matches

1914—23 Miscellaneous9. (cowr.)Buttons, pearl or 1912—23 10. Buttons, all other shell 11. Items 9, 10 12. Pipes and smokers 1913—231914—23191 1—13 articles, cxc. 1912—2319 13—23 cigarette paper, 13. Beads and bead books, etc. 14.15. OtherPencils musical instru-ments,ornaments parts, and 1919—23 16. Household and personalaccessories effects 24.23.22.17 PhotographicPens to 21. and Not penholders used goods, Other photographic goodscxc. paper 1919—23 1879—1918 25. ScientificToys: fishing and pro- etc. rods, 28,27.26. Phonographs29. Not used mentsfessional instru-

Commodity Composition Import Class and Tears TABLE C—8 (concluded) Commodity Composition Import Class and Tears Covered 1879—1923Uncovered 088 Covered Uncovered

1909—12 1913—23 1889—1 908 1882—881909—12 1916—231916—23 1882—1908 1910—12 1884—1898, 1884—88, 1904—231913—23 1916—23 1904—23

1879— 1923

1879—1923

1916-23

1916—23 1916—23

1916—23 088 Miscellaneous 30. Articles imported under bond for export within 6 33.32.31. Products of VirginCuba PhilippinemonthsIslands Islands 34. Other toys and dolls 089 Art works (cosrr.)6.5. WorksStatuary, of regalia,art for etc. forexhibition religious and 36. Feathers, artificial 4.2. 100-yearAll3.1. other ItemsArt oldartworks, 4, worksworks 9 the of products of American artists 7. Items 2, 3 educational purposes 8. Items 1, 7 9. Original paintings, statuary, etc. 090 U.S. exports3.2. AllItems 1.returned Automobiles other 1, 2 cxc. automobiles 1916—231916—23 5.4. Distilled spirits Item distilled spirits 3, exc. 1995—961879—94, 1897—1909 1916-23 089 Art works 1919—23191 1—23 1888—1908191 1879—87,1—23 1909—10 19 16-23 1888—1908

19 19-23 1923 1884—19121884—88 1910—231879—1894,1910—18 1897—1923 a Price and quantity indexes and values presented for these classes in art 19 19—23 Tables C—I through C—fl. APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—8 Import Class: 001 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: 1.1890—1923: Canadian price of butcher's cattle: choice steers, price per cwt. at Toronto, from various issues of Canada, Dominion Bureau of Statistics, Internal Trade Branch, Prices and Price Indexes, and Canada, Dept. of Labour, Wholesale Prices in Canada. 1884—89: Canadian price of cattle, live—lst quality (export steers), price per cwt. in Toronto, from K. W. Taylor and H. Michell, Statistical Contributions to Canadian Economic History, Vol. II, Toronto, 1931. 2, 8, and 9. Canadian price of sheep, price per cwt. at Toronto. For sources see item 1. 3.1889—99: Canadian wholesale price of eggs: storage, in case lots, at Toronto, 1890—99; and of eggs (new laid), 1889. For sources see item 1. 002 To a considerable extent, 1889—1923 based on outside price data. Quarterly values for items 9—12 for 1913—18 were estimated from quarterly data for imports of total fresh fish including salmon and annual data on Canadian exports, by type of fish. In order to simplify index computations, imports for item 7 were not estimated separately (we had no price index to use for fresh salmon) but were distributed proportionately among the other types. Canadian price data are from Prices and Price Indexes and Wholesale Prices in Canada. Items: 3 and 9. Canadian price of halibut, fresh, white, at Canso, N.S. 4 and 10. Canadian price of whitefish, at Toronto. 5. Canadian price of mackerel, salted, at Halifax. 6. Canadian price of herring, salted, at Halifax. 11. Same as item 5, for 1913. Extrapolated to 1918 by mackerel, at Montreal. 12. Same as item 6, for 1913. Extrapolated to 1918 by herring, salted, at Canso, N. S. 13 and 14. Canadian price of whitefish, at Toronto. 004 To a considerable extent, 1889—1913 based on outside price data. Items: 1.1913—23: Imports of wheat, mainly from Canada, were responsible for the growth of this class. Approximately half of the $45 million of wheat grain imported in 1922—23 were for milling in bond and export as flour. The rest, imported for U.S. consumption despite the $.30 a bushel tariff (roughly 30 per cent) imposed in 1921, was apparently hard red spring wheat, superior to most U.S. wheat (see Henry C. Wallace, TheWheatSituation: A Report to the President, Washington D.C., 1922, pp. 13, 27, 31—32). 1889—1913: Canadian wholesale prices of wheat, Ontario, No. 2, White. 2. 1899—1913: Canadian wholesale price of oats, Western, No. 2, White. 3. Instead of following domestic prices, the import unit values for corn used here follow those from Argentina; these in turn resemble the spot price of corn in Buenos Aires (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Yearbook, 1924, p. 615). 4. Rice has been treated as a covered item from 1913 through 1921, but we have used as a base the 1923 import unit value from Japan only. It was not clear that the fall in price from 1921 to 1923 occasioned by the shift from Japanese to Mexican rice, was a price, rather than quality, change. As we have used it, the unit values follow fairly closely the Tokyo price of average quality brown rice (see V. D. Wickizer and M. K. Bennett, The Rice Economy of Monsoon Asia, Food Research Institute, Stanford University, California, 1941). 348 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE C—B(continued) 5. For a few quarters in 1896 and 1898, when quantities imported were small and unit values showed violent fluctuations unrelated to price movements, we dis- carded the unit values and interpolated by the Canadian wholesale price of barley, Ontario No. 2.

005 Items: 4. Potatoes were imported mainly from Canada during 1917—18; we therefore used these imports alone for the 1923 base. 6.1919—20: The 1923 import unit value of potatoes from Canada was used to estimate base-year quantity because Canada was the main source of imports in 1919 and 1920. 1899—1913: In this period, fluctuations in import unit values for potatoes were violent and largely inverse to those of the American domestic price. Imports of potatoes were of two distinct types: those from the United Kingdom, which came in large amounts, but sporadically, mainly in years when the American domestic price was high, and more stable import quantities from Bermuda, with unit values about three times as high as those from the U.K. Thus, when U.S. prices were high, imports were dominated by low-priced potatoes from the U.K., and the unit value was therefore low, but when U.S. prices were low, imports were dominated by the high-priced imports from Bermuda, and the unit values were therefore high. Since we were more interested in coverage for the years when imports were large, we tried to put together a series that would be consistent for those years and would follow the movements of U.K. export unit values which are shown in U.K. Statistical Abstracts. We did not use the unit values for each quarter of every year, but only those, mainly the large ones, which followed the pattern of the U.K. export prices. We then applied these quarterly unit values to the rest of their respective years, in place of the actual ones. For this reason, the quarterly movements of the series are somewhat arbitrary. 1879—99: The procedure used here was similar to that for the 1899—1913 period, but the annual fluctuations followed U.K. prices much better and fewer of the quarterly changes had to be smoothed out.

006 The 1879—83 period based on outside price data. Item: 17. Prices are a weighted index (with fiscal 1883 imports-for-consumption weights) of Bezanson series for pepper, pimiento, cassia, cloves, and nutmeg, with fiscal 1883 as 100. To arrive at a base year price, the index is extrapolated to 1889 by a Fisher "ideal" index of the import unit values of pepper and nutmeg.

007 To a considerable extent, 1879—99 based on outside price data. Items: 10. Import unit values extrapolated back from 1919 to 1907 by import unit values of copra, not prepared. 13. 1889—99: The 1899 U.S. import unit value is extrapolated back to 1895 by United Kingdom import unit values, and from 1895 back to 1889 by Bezanson prices of lemons from Sicily. Italy was the main source of lemon imports. 1884—89: Bezanson prices of lemons. 18. 1889—99: The U.S. annual 1900 import unit value was extrapolated back to 1893 annually by U.K. import unit values. Approximate quarterly values were obtained by using British values, roughly deseasonalized and then multiplied by a crude American seasonal index derived from import unit values for 1899— 1905. The rc5ulting quarterly series was then adjusted to the level of the 349 APPEXDIX C Noms TO C—B (continued) annual series. The 1893 annual unit value was then extrapolated back to 1890 by a similar process using U.K. values for lemons and oranges combined, and to 1889 by U.S. imports-for-consumption unit values for oranges in boxes, 1.5 to 2.5 cubic feet. 1884—88: U.S. imports-for-consumption unit values averaged to estimate calendar year prices and multiplied by the seasonal index mentioned above to get quarterly prices. 24. 1879—89: Import unit values extrapolated back to 1879 from 1884 by Bezanson prices of almonds. 25. The trend in general import unit values of walnuts was biased upwards because of a shift from unshelled to shelled nuts. We were able to construct a fiscal annual Fisher "ideal" index from imports-for-consumption data for the two types separately, and we adjusted the quarterly general import unit values to the movements of this index. 36. Import unit values extrapolated from 1884 back to 1879 by Aldrich prices of prunes, Turkish. 38. Aldrich prices of currants, Zante. 41. Import unit values extrapolated back from 1884 to 1879 by Bezanson price of raisins, Valentia. 42. Annual export unit values of bananas from Jamaica, D. W. Rodriquez, Bananas: An Outline of theEconomicHistory of Production and Trade With Special Reference to Jamaica, Department of Agriculture, Commodity Bulletin No. I, Kingston, Jamaica, 1955. These were multiplied by a seasonal index derived from 1908—Il U.S. import unit values. Quarterly values for 1879—83 were estimated by annual imports-for-consumption ratios from general imports data for all other fruits. 46. Price index for lemons and oranges, with 1884 woights consisting of the Bezanson price of lemons and an orange price series constructed from Jamaican annual export unit values multiplied by the seasonal price index described above (Item 18). The Jamaica export unit values are from Great Britain, Parliament, Sessional Papers, 1892. Quarterly import values for oranges and lemons were estimated from quarterly import values for all fruits by the use of annual ratios from imports-for-consumption data.

008 Tea imports were broken down by country in 1913—23 to eliminate the effects of shifts among qualities and types of tea. There was a wartime shift, partially re- versed afterwards, in the origin of black tea, from Great Britain to the British and Dutch East Indies, and there was a long-term trend, in evidence since the 1890's, away from green tea (mostly from China) to black tea (from India and Great Britain). We were not able to make the same breakdown of quarterly import data in the 1899—1913 period, and the price index for those years is therefore biased upwards, since black tea was more expensive than green tea.

011 To a considerable extent, 1899—1907 based on outside price data. 19 13—23: Import unit values for bananas are dubious on two counts. First, they did not follow closely the price of bananas in New York during 19 13—23, the only period for which we could make a comparison. Second, they involve, to some extent, transactions by American companies with their own subsidiaries in a product for which the market is not developed in the producing country. For these reasons there is considerable doubt as to the meaning of any price that might have been reported. We decided to use the unit values, however, because the figures for different countries of origin show similar movements and because they agree quite well with export unit values reported by the Countries of origin, where we could make the comparison. 350 APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—8(continued) 1899—1913: Quarterly import unit values were used for 1908—13. The U.S. import value was then extrapolated back from 1908 to 1900 by United Kingdom import unit values multiplied by the seasonal pattern for U.S. import values, 1908—11. The series was then extended back to 1899 by the export unit value of bananas from Jamaica, also multiplied by the U.S. seasonal pattern. 1889—99: Jamaica export unit values multiplied by U.S. seasonal price pattern, 1908—13. Jamaica export unit values are from D. W. Rodriquez, Bananas: An Out- line of the Economic History of Production andTradewith Special Reference to Jamaica.

012 To a considerable extent, 1879—83 based on outside price data. Items: 1. Unit value extrapolated back from fiscal 1884 by Canadian wholesale price of butter (dairy prints)in Toronto.Values estimated from values for pro- visions using annual ratios from imports-for-consumption data. 2. Canadian wholesale price of milk: prices paid to producers, Montreal. 10. Unit values extrapolated back from fiscal 1884 by Canadian wholesale price of cheese (new large) in Toronto. Values estimated as for item 1. 11 and 12. 1913 figures are derived from imports-for-consumption data. 13 and 14. General import data give only the combination of mutton and lamb. We separated them using annual ratios derived from imports-for-consumption data.

013 Item: 5. Unit values extrapolated back to 1913 by using the last half of 1918 ratio, by the WIB price for sardines, *oils,keyless, canned.

017 To a considerable extent, 1899—1918 based on outside price data. I tern: 2. 1913—23: Import unit values extrapolated back from 1919 to 1914—18 by export unit values for pearl tapioca from the Straits Settlements. These data are from Straits Settlements, Import, Export, and Statistical Office, Return of Imports and Exports. These prices were extrapolated to 1913 by Canadian wholesale prices of tapioca, medium pearl, at Toronto. 1899—1913: Canadian wholesale prices of tapioca.

020 I tern: 3. Import unit values extrapolated back from 1891 to 1889 by import unit values for class 019, item 6. The very sharp rise in imports of refined sugar after 1890 is due to the cut in tariffs under the 1890 Act. The rate dropped from 3-3.5 cents per pound (roughly 60 to 90% ad valorem), to .5-.6 cents (about 12 to 17% ad valorem).

021 1923 import unit values for malt liquors estimated from U.K. export unit values and for still wines, from U.K. import unit values.

022 Items: 2. Import unit value for 1923 estimated by using Canadian import unit value for countries other than the U.S. and the U.K. 3 and 4. Import unit values for 1923 estimated by using U.K. export unit values. 351 APPEXDIX C TO TABLE C—8 (continued) 023 Items: 1. Quarterly import quantities were adjusted to the level determined by a fiscal year Laspeyres index, on a calendar 1913 base, of imports-for-consumption unit values for capsicum, or red pepper; mustard seed, ground; and sage. 2. Quarterly import quantities were adjusted to the level determined by fiscal year imports-for-consumption unit values for mustard seed, ground or prepared, which was, by far, the main component of the group.

024 Item: 12. 1889—90: General import data combined leaf suitable for cigar wrapping with all other leaf before 1891. Since the former was almost twice as expensive as the latter, we adjusted the published quarterly quantities to the level implied by a fiscal year index of the two types separately, computed from imports-for- consumption data. The earlier figures were not adjusted because tobacco for cigar wrapping was of minor importance before 1889. We did, however, set the 1889 base-year price at the 1888 level to eliminate the effect of the shift to tobacco for cigar wrapping.

025 Cigars, cheroots and cigarettes from the Philippine Islands were much lower in price than those from other countries and were admitted free of duty. Before they became free, in 1909, imports from this source were negligible. We therefore used as a base the unit value for imports from countries other than the Philippine Islands.

026 Items: 4. Adjusted for shifts among countries of origin 1913—June 1917. A fiscal Fisher index using general imports country data was computed on a calendar 1923 base for "calfskins, dry and dry salted" from two groups of countries. Group 1: Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Norway, Russia, and Dutch East Indies. Group 2: England, Canada, Argentina, Uruguay, New Zealand, British India, and Denmark. Quarterly quantities were adjusted to level of new fiscal quantities. 10 and 11. 1923 annual value estimated from "total sheep and lamb skins" by the ratio for the nine-months ending September 1922. 1923 annual quantity figure obtained by using a price extrapolated from that of the nine-months ending September 1922 by "total sheep and lamb skins."

027 To a large extent, 1883—89 and 1916—23 based on outside price data. Items: 1.1919 unit value extrapolated back to 1918 by Canadian wholesale price of sole leather, green hide crops. 2. Prices extrapolated back from 1919 and forward from 1921 by BLS, leather: glazed kid, black, top grade from Brazilian skins, No. 3030. 3. 1919—23 prices are Canadian wholesale prices of box sides "B", extrapolated back to 1916—18 by Canadian wholesale prices of upper leather, waxed. 4. Prices extrapolated back from 1919 to 1916 by Canadian wholesale prices of harness leather. 5. 1922—23 prices obtained by computing an index of leather prices obtained from The Economist, "Commercial History and Review." The items used in the index are shoulders from dry salted hides, shoulders from wet salted hides, bellies from dry salted hides, and bellies from wet salted hides. 352 APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—8(continued) 6. 1918—21 and 1923, see item 5. 14. 1916—17 and 1923, see item 5. 16. 1923 price is taken from 1923 price of item 1. 17. 1913 and 1923, see item 5. 22. 1884—89: Quantities obtained using prices from the Aldrich report—calfskins, tanned and dressed, French, J. Griffon and Co., for years 1885—89 and 1883. Prices were extrapolated back to 1884 by Aldrich report price for calfskins, tanned and dressed, French (E. Ogerau). 23. See item 22. 24. 1883 and 1889 prices extrapolated from Aldrich Report leather prices: calfskins, tanned and dressed, French, J. Griffon and Co.

028 Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 1.1899—1913: Prices obtained by computing a fiscal year index for glove prices on a calendar 1913 base with imports-for-consumption unit values for gloves, Schmä- schen, of sheep origin, under 14", unlined; gloves, lamb, or sheep, "glacé" finish, not over 14", unlined; gloves, same as preceding description, piqué or prix seam; gloves, same, over 17", unlined; gloves, goat, kid, etc., "glacé" finish, not more than 14", unlined; gloves, same, piqué or prix seam, and gloves, same, over 17", unlined. Quarterly prices were obtained by a straight line interpolation. 1891—99: Quarterly prices used are interpolated freehand from an average of price relatives on a calendar 1899 base of imports-for-consumption fiscal unit values for gloves: "Schmäschen," "Lamb or Sheep" and "Goat or Kid."

029 To a considerable extent, 1879—1918 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 10. 1919—23: Prices obtained by straight line interpolation of a calendar annual Fisher "ideal" index on a 1923 base for undressed furs. This index was computed from imports-for-consumption value and quantity data for fox, hare and rabbit, marten, mink, mole, muskrat, and squirrel. 1899—1913: Prices obtained by straight line interpolation of a calendar annual Fisher "ideal" index on a 1911 base for undressed furs. This index was computed from value and quantity data of Hudson's Bay Company fur sales for silver fox, white fox, lynx, marten, mink, land otter, and muskrat as given in J. W. Jones, Fur-Farming in Canada (Canada, Commission of Conservation, Ottawa, 1914). 1913 prices obtained by extrapolation. 1879—98: Prices obtained by interpolation of a calendar annual Fisher "ideal" index on an 1899 base using the same furs (excluding white fox) and the same source as for the 1899—1913 period. 11. Quarterly prices of "001 H hair, best," from WIB Price Bulletin No. 27, Prices of Hatter's Fur and Fur Felt Hats for 19 13—18. The 1923 figure obtained by extrapolating above to 1919 by import unit values of "furs, undressed total" (1919 and 1918 third and fourth quarters) and to 1923 by the fur price index used for item 10. 12. Weighted average of price relatives of Canadian wholesale prices for mink, weighted once, and muskrat, weighted twice.

031 To a considerable extent, 1899—1911 based on outside price data. Items: 1.19 12—23: Prices are Union of South Africa export unit values for ostrich feathers 353 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE C—B (continued) taken from reports of the Customs and Excise Department and converted to dollars. 13. 1899—1911: Same as for item 1, and for earlier years, similar records of the Cape of Good Hope, published in the Government Gazette.

032 To a considerable extent, 1913—17 based on outside price data. Item: 2. Price for last half of 1918 extrapolated back through 1913 by WIB price of West Australia pearl shells.

036 The period 1892 and first half of 1893 based on outside price data. Item: 10. 1892 and first half of 1893 prices obtained by interpolating between fourth quarter 1891 and third quarter 1893 by BLS Para Island rubber prices. These prices were multiplied by the published quantity figures to obtain new values. The adjustment of values for this period was made in order to correct for a depreciation in the value of Brazilian paper money not reflected in the published values (see Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the U.S., 1893).

039 To a considerable extent, 1894—1906 based on outside price data. Items: 6 and 7. Unit values interpolated between 1917, third quarter and 1919, second quarter, by Italian olive oil price. (Annuario Statistico Italiano). 17, 22, and 23. Quarterly prices are U.K. prices of palm oil, Lagos, from The Economist. 24. 1894—99: Prices obtained by extrapolating the fiscal 1893 unit value by U.K. price of palm oil, Lagos, from The Economist. 1899—1905: See item 17.

040 The years 1879—83 based on outside price data. Item: 30. Prices for 1879—83 are Aldrich report price for opium.

041 To a considerable extent, 1891—99 based on outside price data. In the same period, quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 21. Price used is Bezanson price for cutch, 1891—96, extrapolated to calendar 1899 by imports-for-consumption unit value of copal, damar, and kauri. Prices for 1897—98 are interpolated on a straight line between 1896, fourth quarter, and 1899. 22. Prices for 1890 and 1889 are Bezanson prices for cutch -1899price is assumed to be the same as for item 21.

044 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 2. 1918—23: Prices are a quarterly Laspeyres index computed from prices for bergamot, cassia, citronella, orange, lavender, and spike lavender, taken from Per- fumery and Essential Oil Record (Supplement: Market Prices), New York; and weights taken from 1923 values given in imports for consumption. 354 APPEXDIX C NomsTO C-8(continued) 1913—17: Prices are a quarterly Laspeyres index computed from WIB prices for oils of bergamot, cassia, orange, lavender, and rose, linked to 1923 and weighted by 1923 imports-for-consumption values. 3. Prices are a fiscal Laspeyres index on a calendar 1913 base computed from imports-for-consumption unit values foroils of bergamot, cassia,citronella, lavender, and rose, and weighted by imports-for-consumption values. Quarterly prices obtained by straight line interpolation. 4. 1884—1909: Same as item 3 except that lemon and orange have been included in the index. 7. 1879—83: See item 3. 8. 1879—83: Bezanson price for lemon oil.

047 Items: 1.1917, third and fourth quarters, 1918, and 1919, first quarter, extrapolated by U.K. prices for cotton cloth, 38 in. shirtings, taken from TheEconomist. 7. 1899—1913: Fiscal year Fisher "ideal" index on a calendar 1913 base, using U.S. imports-for-consumption data for cotton pile fabrics: dyed, colored, stained, painted or printed; not bleached; dyed, etc.; all on which duty does not amount to 40—47.5 per cent; corduroy weighing 7 oz. or over per sq. yd. Quarterly prices estimated by straight line interpolation. Values for 1899- June 1906 were obtained by finding the ratio for each fiscal year of "cotton pile fabric" (imports-for-consumption value) to "all other manufactures of cotton" (general imports value) and assuming that the ratio remained constant for the four quarters within each fiscal year. 1891—99: Quarterly prices obtained by straight line interpolation of fiscal imports-for-consumption unit values for total cotton pile fabrics. Values obtained as for the 1899—June 1906 period. 8. 1913—June 1918: Prices used are BLS quarterly prices of "cotton thread, J. & P. Coats, 200 yd. spools." 9. 1914—June 1918: Values were calculated from quarterly figures for "total knit goods, cotton, excluding hosiery," using fiscal imports-for-consumption ratios of "gloves, cotton" to total "knit goods, cotton, excluding hosiery." 1914—16: Quantities obtained by straight line interpolation of fiscal imports-for- consumption unit values for "cotton gloves." 1920: Prices affected by shift from Japanese to German gloves during 1920. We estimated the annual price by extrapolating from 1921 by the import unit value from Germany alone, and interpolated the quarterly unit values by using those for hosiery. 31. 1902-09: Prices are BLS quarterly prices for "hosiery: Cotton, women's mercerized 200 needle seamless, 50/2 yarn in leg, 30/2 yarn in heel and toe, 8/1 C.P., double sole and spliced heel, all colors, f.o.b. mill." 1898—1901: Prices are BLS annual prices for hosiery (see 1902—09 above) interpolated freehand to obtain a quarterly price series. 1893—97: Prices are BLS annual prices for hosiery (same as above) assuming quarterly prices are identical with annual. 1891—92: Quantities computed by extrapolating 1893 ELS price back by imports-for-consumption unit value for stockings valued at 8.60- 82.00.

048 Item: 1. 1913—23: Quarterly unit values interpolated freehand from a Fisher "ideal" Index for jute and jute butts on a calendar 1923 base using U.S. imports-for-con- suinption data. British quarterly and annual wholesale prices of "jute, native firsts" from TheEconomistand U.S. quarterly and annual import unit values for "jute and jute butts" were used as guides in the interpolation. 355 APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—8(continued) 1901—13: Quarterly U.K. wholesale prices of "jute, native firsts" from The Econo-

1899—1900: Prices extrapolated back to 1899 from 1901 annual price by French quarterly wholesale prices of "jute" from La Reforme Economique. 1889—99: Quarterly unit values interpolated from a fiscal annual Fisher "ideal" index for jute and jute butts on a calendar 1899 base, using U.S. imports-for- consumption data. U.S. annual and quarterly import unit values for "jute and jute butts" and BLS annual and quarterly prices for "raw jute" were used as guides in the interpolation.

049 Item: 1.1889: Prices extrapolated by Bezanson prices for gunny cloth. 1890—99: BLS series for jute. 1899—1904: Unit values extrapolated back from 1905 by Canadian wholesale price of jute.

051 Items: 3.1913—23: Italian prices of hemp, 1914—23, from various volumes of Annuarlo Stat i.stico Italiano, converted to dollars and extrapolated back to 1913 by United States import unit values. 17. 1879—83: Fisher "ideal" price index on a calendar 1889 base from imports- for-consumption data for jute, jute butts, and sisal, interpolated freehand.

052 Items: 1. Prices for 1919—23 extrapolated from 1918 unit value by imports-for-consumption unit values of "single yarns of flax, hemp, and ramie," interpolated freehand. Prices for 1913—14 extrapolated from 1915 import unit value by Canadian wholesale prices for "flax sewing twine." 2. Prices from 1899—1913 are general import unit values of "matting and mats of China, Japan and India straw." (item 2, class 053). For 1913—18 the same items are used to extrapolate from 1919.

053 To a considerable extent, 1879—99 and 1922—23 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes for 1899—1902 are largely interpolated. Items: 5. Quarterly British export unit values to U.S. of "linen piece goods," converted to dollars. 29. Fiscal imports-for-consumption unit values of "plain-woven fabrics of vegetable fiber," interpolated freehand. 30. Quarterly British export unit values of "jute piece goods." 31. Quarterly British export unit values of "linen piece goods, plain, bleached or unbleached." 34. 1884—89: Quarterly British export unit values of'jute piece goods."

• 35. Quarterly British export unit values of "jute piece goods." 37 and 39. Quarterly British export unit values of "linen piece goods, plain, bleached or unbleached."

054 Item: 2. The sudden spurt in imports of "clothing wool" in the second quarter of 1897 was in anticipation of the imposition of a ten cents per pound (over 60% ad valorem) tariff in July 1897. Imports fell off sharply immediately afterwards. 356 AFPEXDIX C Noms TO C—8 (continued) 055 Quarterly indexes for 191 3-June 1915 are largely interpolated. Item: 1.1913-June 1915 prices are interpolated from imports-for-consumption fiscal unit values of "woolen yarns."

056 To a considerable extent, 1879—99 based on outside price data. Items: 4. 1879—89: Aldrich prices for "suitings, flannel: all wool, indigo blue, 6—4 Assabet." A few slight adjustments were made on these prices to make them conform better to imports-for-consumption unit values of "wool cloth." 1889—99: Annual U.K. export unit values of "worsted tissues, coatings, broad, all wool," other than to U.S., interpolated freehand, using as a guide, quarterly U.K. export unit values of "worsted tissues," other than to U.S. 5. 1899—1901: Prices obtained by extrapolating 1902 unit values back by quarterly U.K. export unit values of "worsted stuffs, mixed." 6.1879—99: Quarterly U.K. export unit values of "carpets, not being rugs," other than to U.S. 9.191 4—June 1918: Fiscal import-for-consumption unit values of "woven fabrics, wholly or in chief value of mohair, alpaca, etc," interpolated freehand.

059 To a considerable extent, 1879—1913 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes for 1913—18 are largely interpolated. Items: 1.1913—18: Unit values extrapolated back from 1919 by imports-for-consumption unit values of "total silk fabrics, woven in the piece, etc." Quarterly unit values were obtained by freehand interpolation using WIB quarterly price series for "imported broad silk, Japanese habutai, momme, 36" wide" and "imported broad silk, Japanese habutai, 6 momme, 36" wide" as guides. 1879—1913: Quarterly prices are interpolated from annual French export unit values for "tissus de sole pure, unis," Commerce Special, in Annuaire Statistique, Bureau de la Statistique Générale, and Direction Générale des Douanes, Tableau Général du Commerce et de Ia Xavigation. All of these French export unit values are open to considerable suspicion because they are official, rather than declared, values (R. G. D. Allen and J. Edward Ely, International Trade Statistics, New York, 1953, pp. 94, 354—355). However, they were revised annually, and did not show the sudden large jumps which are characteristic of official values when revised only occasionally. We compared them with other series, such as those for average export given in Lyons, Chambre de Commerce, Compte Rendu de Lyons, and fragmentary U.S. imports-for-consumption unit values, and found them fairly similar. 4. 1879—1913: Quarterly prices are interpolated from annual French export unit values for "rubans de soie ou de bourre de soie pure, autre". See item 1, 1879— 1913 for source. 7.1879—1913: Quarterly prices are interpolated from annual French export unit values for "Passementerie de soie ou de bourre de soie pure." See item 1, 1879—1913 for source.

062 To a considerable extent, 1889—94, 1899 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes for 1883—99 are largely interpolated. Items: 9. 1883—99: Fiscal year prices were obtained by using imports-for-consumption quantity figures for "waste and other paper materials, including all grasses, 357 APPENDIX C NcrrEs TO 0-8 (continued) fibers, waste, etc., fit only to be converted into papers" and general import value figures for "paper stock, all other." Quarterly prices were obtained by freehand interpolation from fiscal year prices. 20. 1890—94 and 1899: Prices used are quarterly Canadian wholesale prices of "New Brunswick merchantable spruce deals." 1889: Annual price obtained by extrapolating back from 1890 by Canadian export price index for lumber. (Statistical Contributions to Canadian Economic Vol. II, by K. W. Taylor and H. MichelL)

063 Iterns 5. 1913—18 and 1923: Fisher "ideal" index using imports-for-consumption data for "cork, bark or wood, unmanufactured" and "cork waste and shavings, etc.," interpolated freehand. 9. 1899-June 1909: Estimated quarterly values for "laths" (obtained by using the imports-for-consumption ratio of "laths" to "all other lumber, dutiable,") have been subtracted out of "all other lumber, dutiable."

064 To a considerable extent, 1899-June 1909 based on outside price data. Item: 1.1899-June 1909: See item 9, class 063 for method of obtaining quarterly values for "laths." Prices are quarterly Canadian wholesale prices of "lath No. 1 white pine, 1* inch," adjusted to level of fiscal 1910 U.S. import unitvalue of "laths."

065 Quarterly indexes for 1899—1908 are interpolated. Item: 8. 1899—1908 and 1913: Quarterly prices were obtained by freehand interpolation of a fiscal Fisher "ideal" price index on a calendar 1913 base for imports-for consumption quantities and values of "wood pulp, mechanically "wood pulp, chemical, bleached," and "wood pulp, chemical, unbleached."

066 Quarterly indexes for 1899-19 13 are largely interpolated. Items 2. Prices extrapolated back from 1914 by quarterly Canadian wholesale prices of "wrapping paper, manila #1." 11. 1910—13: Quarterly prices were interpolated from annual German export unit values for "photographic paper, sensitized-#663" taken from various years of Statistik des Deutsc/ien Reic/zs, Statistisches Amt. 17.1913: Annual price obtained by extrapolating from fiscal 1911 general import unit value for "total printing paper" by Fisher "ideal" price index for "printing paper," computed from general import values and quantities for "newsprint" and "other printing paper." 20. 1909: Same as for item 21 except that index was computed excluding "printing paper, valued above 5 cents per pound." 21. 1905—08: Quarterly prices were interpolated freehand from a Fisher "ideal" fiscal price index for paper computed on a calendar 1913 base using imports- for-consumption values and quantities for "copying, stereotype paper, etc., less than 6 pounds," "copying, stereotype paper, etc., 6—10 pounds," "crepe and filtering paper," "photographic paper, plain basic," "printing paper, valued above 5 cents per pound," and "surface coated paper, other n.s.p.f." 23. 1899-1904: Same as for item 21. 25. 1899—1913: Quarterly prices for 1910—13 were interpolated freehand from a Fisher fiscal price index on a calendar 1913 base using imports-for-consumption 358 APPEJ'IDIX C NOTES TO C-8 (continued) data for "articles lithographically printed: not exceeding inch in thickness, not exceeding 35 square inches, die cut or embossed, exceeding 35 square inches, and exceeding inchin thickness;" "souvenir postcards, lithographically printed: exceeding inch, and not exceeding inchin thickness, die cut or embossed;" "decalcomanias, in ceramic colors, not over 100 lbs.;" "booklets decorated in whole or in part by hand or by spraying;" and "booklets, all other." Quarterly prices for 1899—1909 were interpolated freehand from a Fisher "ideal" fiscal price index on a calendar 1913 base, using imports-for-consumption values and quantities for articles lithographically printed (first four items listed above for 1910—13 index)—the index being adjusted to the level of the 1910—13 index.

072 To a considerable extent, 1899—1918 based on outside price data. Items: 1.1914—18: Prices obtained by extrapolating 1919 U.S. import unit value back to 1914 by quarterly South African export unit values of diamonds taken from Tradeof theUnion of South Africa (Union of South Africa, Customs and Excise Department). 5.1913, 1923: Quarterly prices for 1913 are South African export unit values of diamonds. 1923 annual price was obtained by extrapolating the fiscal 1919 Sou.th African export unit value of diamonds, by U.S. import unit value of "diamonds, rough, uncut" (item 1) for fiscal 1919 and calendar 1923. 1899—1913: South African export unit values for diamonds (see item 1 for source).

073 Based to a considerable extent on outside price data. Items: 1.1913—18: Quarterly prices prior to July 1918 obtained by extrapolation of unit values from calendar year 1919 by South African export Unit values of diamonds (see Import Class 072, Item 1 for source). 1898—99: Quarterly prices are South African export unit values of diamonds (source same as for 1913—18). 11. 1898—99: See item 1, 1898=99, above. 13. 1897: Prices used are quarterly export unit values of diamonds exported from Kimberly division, taken from Statistical Register,Capeof Good Hope, Colonial Secretary's Dept. 16. 1884—96, 1899: See item 13. 1879—84: Annual prices extrapolated back to 1879 by obtaining export unit values from figures for values of diamonds exported through Customs and Post Office and quantity of diamonds exported through Post Office at Kimberly, taken from the Blue Book, Cape of Good Hope. 074 Items: 1.1907—June 1908: Fiscal prices extrapolated back from 1909 by imports-for-consumption unit value of "asbestos, unmanufactured". Quarterly prices obtained by freehand interpolation. 1922 (fourth quarter)—1923: The sum of imports-for-consumption value figures for "Keene's cement or other gypsum cement, the same valued at: $14 or less per ton, over $14 and not over $20 per ton, and over $20 and not over $40 per ton," have been subtracted from general imports, and new quarterly values estimated fot 1923. 10. 1922 (fourth quarter)— 1923: Quarterly values estimated from imports-for-consumption annual values for"lithographic stones" and general imports quarterly values for "other stones." 359 APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE 0-8 (continued) 15. 1922 (fourth quarter) —1923: Quarterly values estimated from imports-for-consumption annual value for "fluorspar" and general imports quarterly values for "other nonmetallic minerals, dutiable."

075 Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 1.1916—23: Quarterly prices interpolated freehand from an annual price index on a calendar 1923 base obtained by computing an unweighted average of price relatives of silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, and metallic abrasives, taken from U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals rearbook. 5.1879—1918, 1923: Quarterly prices interpolated freehand from U.S. imports-for- consumption unit values of "marble veined and all other, in block, rough, or squared" (1879—83); "marble in block, rough or squared only" (1884—99); "marble, breccia, and onyx in block, rough, or squared only" (1899—1907); and "marble, breccia and onyx, total" (1908—18).

076 To a considerable extent, 1899—1923 based on outside price data. Items: 1.1914—23: Prices are U.K. quarterly export unit values (converted to dollars) of "jet, Rockingham, samian, and all other glazed earthenware; excl. terra- cotta." 2. 1914—23: Prices are U.K. quarterly export unit values (converted to dollars), of porcelain, chinaware, and parian. 1914—first half 1915: Quarterly values estimated from total quarterly values for "china, parian and porcelain, decorated and not decorated" and from fiscal year totals of general imports from the U.K. taken from Annual Report of the Commerce and Navigation of the U.S. 1922 and 1923 (fourth quarter): Quarterly values obtained by adding quarterly general imports for "china and porcelain" and estimated quarterly values of imports from U.K. of "bisque and parian" (obtained by using annual figures from Annual Report of Commerce and Navigation of imports from U.K. and quarterly figures for total imports). 3. 1898—99: Prices are U.S. import unit values of "glass-cylinder and crown, polished, unsilvered" multiplied by the ratio of 1897 unit value of "cylinder and crown, polished, unsilvered" to the 1897 unit value of cylinder and crown, polished, silvered. 23. 1923, 1908—13: Prices are quarterly British export unit values of "floor tiles for tesselated pavement." 1904—07: 1908 prices extrapolated back by quarterly British export unit values of "other earthenware; md. semi-porcelain, majolica, and tiles." 1899—1903: 1904 prices extrapolated back by quarterly unit values of U.S. imports of "china, parian, porcelain, etc., from U.K." (see item 24 for source of prices). 24. 1908—13: Prices are U.K. quarterly export unit values of "other earthenware; mci. semi-porcelain and majolica." 1904—07: 1908 prices extrapolated back by U.K. quarterly export unit values of "other earthenware; md. semi-porcelain, rnajolica, and tiles." 1899—1903: 1904 prices extrapolated back by annual German export unit values of porcelain ware, taken from Greifswalder Staatswissenschafthiche Abhandlungern 51, p. 161—2. Quarterly prices obtained by interpolation.

077 To a considerable extent, 1899—1903 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes for 1889—93 are largely interpolated. 360 APPENDIX C NOTES TO TABLE C—8 (continued) Items: 3.1894 (Sept.) and1899(fourth quarter),annual;Pricesextrapolatedby Canadian wholesale price of "copper, casting ingot" from eight-month period ending August 1894. 11. 1922—23: Prices extrapolated by BLS price for "zinc sheets" from 1921 annual U.S. import unit value. 19. 1899—1903: Prices extrapolated back from 1904 by U.S. import unit values of "unrefined copper." 1895—99: Prices used are U.S. import unit values of Import Class 078, item 24. 23. 189 1—93: Prices used are interpolated freehand from a Fisher "ideal" price index on a fiscal 1895 base using imports-for-consumption data on "lead contained in silver ore" and "lead pigs and bars, etc." 24. 1889—90: Quarterly prices interpolated from imports-for-consumption fiscal unit values for "lead ore, pigs, bars, etc., excluding lead in silver ore."

078 Items: 8. 1922 (fourth quarter)—1923:Quarterly values and quantities estimated from general imports quarterly data for "platinum, unmanufactured" and imports- for-consumption data for platinum in ingots, bars, sheets or plate, not less than *inchthick. 34. 1883—89: Quarterly quantities obtained by freehand interpolation of imports- for-consumption fiscal unit values for "lead, pigs and bars."

079 Items: 1913, 1923: Quantities for 1913 obtained by interpolation of a fiscal 1913 and 1st quarter fiscal 1914 Fisher price index on a calendar 1923 base computed from U.S. imports-for-consumption values and quantities for watches "having not more than 7 jewels;" "having more than 11 and not more than 15 jewels"; "having more than 15 and not more than 17 jewels;" and "having more than 17 jewels." 3. 1899—1913: Same as item 1, except that index is on a fiscal 1913 base.

081 To a considerable extent, 1913—June 1916 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes for 1899—1913 are largely interpolated. Items: 3.1922 (fourth quarter)—1923; Quantities obtained by using British export unit values (converted to dollars) of "iron and steel and manufactures thereof; md. pig iron and ferro alloys—ferro alloys including Spiegeleisen and ferromanganese, etc." 1916 (first half): Prices are U.S. import unit values for six months ending June interpolated by U.K. export unit values (see above). 1913—15: Prices used are U.K. export unit values (see above) extrapolated from U.S. calendar 1916 import unit value. 5. Prices extrapolated back from calendar 1916 by U.S. quarterly wholesale prices of "basic pig iron" taken from WIB. 14. 1899—1913: Quarterly prices are interpolated from a fiscal Fisher price index on a calendar 1913 base computed with imports-for-consumption data on "ferromanganese," "ferrosilicon," "Spiegeleisen" and "all other pig iron."

082 To a considerable extent, 1913—23 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes for 1889—1913 are largely interpolated. 361 APPENDIX C Noms TO TABLE C—8 (continued) Items: 3.191 3—23: Prices are a quarterly Laspeyres price index computed from U.K. export unit values, converted to dollars, of "wire for fencing," "other sorts of wire," and "wire cables and ropes." 1899—1913: Prices are a quarterly interpolation of U.S. imports-for-consumption unit values of "total round iron or steel wire." 1879—June 1883: Values estimated using annual imports-for-consumption totals for "iron wire and steel wire" and annual and quarterly general imports data on "steel ingots, bars, sheets, and wire" and "all other iron and steel manufactures." 1879—June 1884: Unit values were extrapolated back from fiscal 1885 by a Fisher "ideal" price index on a fiscal 1885 base computed from imports-for- consumption data on "iron wire, bright, coppered, etc., not less than No. 16," "iron wire, rope, strand, chain, not less than No. 16," "steel wire, less than inch, not less than No. 16," "steel wire, less than 1inch,less than No. 16," "steel wire, rope, strand, chain, less than finch,not less than No. 16," "steel wire, rope, strand, chain, less thaninch, less than No. 16." Extrapolated fiscal unit values were interpolated freehand to yield quarterly unit values. 18. 1899—1913: Quarterly unit values interpolated freehand from a fiscal Fisher "ideal" price index on a calendar 1913 base computed from imports-for-consumption data for "pens and pocket knives," "scissors and and "razor blades, etc." 1889—99: Quarterly unit values for 1892—99 interpolated freehand from a fiscal Laspeyres price index on a calendar 1899 base computed from imports-for- consumption data for "penknives," and "razors." Annual unit values for 1889—91 extrapolated back from calendar 1892 by average annual price of "pocket knives" as noted in Aldrich Report. Quarterly unit values were interpolated. 24. 1899—1909, 1913: Quarterly prices interpolated from imports-for-consumption unit values for "shotguns, etc., valued at not more than five dollars each." 084 Quarterly indexes are largely interpolated. Items: 1.1913—23: Quarterly prices for 1913 (fourth quarter)— 1922 (third quarter) interpolated freehand from imports-for-consumption unit values for "automobiles valued at more than $2,000." Quarterly prices for first, second and third quarters of 1913 extrapolated back from 9 months ending June 1914 by general imports quarterly unit values for "automobiles." Quarterly prices for 1922 (fourth quarter)—1923 extrapolated from 9 months ending September 1922 by quarterly prices used for "auto chassis" (item 2). July 1900—June 1905: Quarterly prices interpolated freehand from imports-for- consumption unit values for "autos and chassis." 1899—June 1900: Quantities obtained by using 1901 fiscal unit value. 2. 1913 (fourth quarter)—1923: Quarterly values for auto chassis estimated from imports-for-consumption data for "auto chassis"; general imports data for "autos and chassis", 1923 and 1922 (fourth quarter); and general imports data for "parts of autos", 1913 (fourth quarter)— 1922 (third quarter).Quarterly prices obtained by freehand interpolation of imports-for-consumption unit values for "auto chassis." 1913 (first, second, and third quarters): Quarterly unit values obtained by extrapolating back from 9 months ending June 1914 by general imports unit values for "automobiles." Quarterly values estimated by multiplying the value of general imports of parts of autos by the ratio of: imports-for-consumption (value), autos and chassis (new tariff, fiscal 1914) to gen. imports (value) auto parts (9 months ending June 1914). 4. 1913—23: Estimated quarterly values of "chassis" (item 2) subtracted out. 362 APPEXDIX C NoTES TO C—8 (continued) 085 To a considerable extent, 1699—1913 based on outside price data. Quarterly indexes for 1913—June 1918 are largely interpolated. Items: 1.1899—1913: Quantities obtained by using Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter price quotations for fish guano (adjusted for changes in methods of quoting). 2.1906-June 1911: Quarterly values estimated from "all other fertilizers" using imports-for-consumption values for "bone phosphates" to obtain fiscal year ratios. Quarterly quantities obtained by freehand interpolation of imports-for- consumption unit values for "bone phosphates." 3. 1913-June 1918: Estimates of quarterly values for "calcium cyanamid" have been subtracted out and imports-for-consumption unit values for "other fertilizers" have been interpolated freehand to obtain quarterly unit values. 5. 1910—13: Prices of kainite taken from Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter. 1910—June1911: Values estimated from imports-for-consumption values of kainite and general imports quarterly values of "kainite and manure." 7.191-0—13: Quarterly values estimated from general imports values for "other fertilizers" and imports-for-consumption fiscal values for "calcium cyanamid." Quarterly quantities obtained by freehand interpolation of imports-for-consumption unit values for "calcium cyanamid." 9. 1899—1909, 1913: Prices of kainite from Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter. 086 Items: 2. 1913—June 1918: Quarterly values estimated from imports-for-consumption fiscal values for "calcium cyanamid" and general imports values for "other fertilizers." Quarterly quantities obtained by freehand interpolation of imports- for-consumption fiscal unit values for "calcium cyanamid." 6. 1899—June 1907: Quarterly values estimated from imports-for-consumption fiscal values for "dead or creosote oil" and general imports values for "mineral oil." Quarterly quantities obtained by freehand interpolation of imports-for- consumption fiscal unit values for "dead or creosote oil." 15. 1913—23: Quarterly quantities obtained by freehand interpolation of a Fisher "ideal" price index on a calendar 1923 base for fiscal years 1913—18 and calendar years 1919—22. The index was computed using imports-for-consumption values and quantities for "arsenic or arsenious acid," "phosphoric acid," "sulphuric acid," and "acetic or pyroligneous acid." 16. 1917—23: Quarterly quantities obtained by freehand interpolation of a Fisher "ideal" price index on a calendar 1923 base for fiscal years 1917—18 and calendar years 1919—22. The index was computed using imports-for-con- surnption values and quantities for "citric acid," "tartaric acid," and "boric (boracic) acid." 17. 1913—16: See item 16. 18 and 19: Before July 1916, U.S. import data did not separate natural from synthetic indigo although the latter was much cheaper. Since synthetic indigo did not drive the natural product completely out of the market, the two were treated here as separate commodities and it was therefore necessary to break down reported imports into the two types. The only data available for this purpose were the annual reports of imports by country of origin. Since synthetic indigo came mainly from Germany and to some extent from Switzerland, we took imports of indigo from these countries to represent imports of synthetic indigo and the rest to represent natural indigo. Quarterly imports were estimated by assuming that the ratio of synthetic to natural was constant throughout the year. 1913—June 1916: Quarterly prices of natural indigo were extrapolated back from fiscal 1917 by U .K. wholesale prices of "indigo, Bengal, good consuming," from The Economist. Quarterly prices of synthetic indigo were extrapolated back by WIB, "synthetic indigo." 363 APPENDIX C NoTEs TO TABLE C—8(concluded) 1899—1913: Quarterly prices of natural indigo, 1901—13, are U.K. wholesale prices of "indigo, Bengal, good to fine," from The Economist. These were extrapolated back to 1899 by annual U.K. wholesale prices of "indigo, Bengal, good consuming," from The Economist and interpolated freehand. Synthetic indigo prices are from the Oil, Paint, and Drug Reporter quotations for "J (synthetic) indigo."

087 To a considerable extent, 1913—23 based on outside price data. Items: 1.1913—23: BLS prices for "quinine sulphate." 4.1913—15, 1919—23: Quarterly prices obtained by freehand interpolation of imports-for-consumption unit values for "firecrackers." 5. 1916—19: Quarterly prices obtained by freehand interpolation of imports-for- consumption unit values for "gunpowder, etc." 1920—23: Quarterly prices obtained by freehand interpolation of imports-for- consumption unit values for "fulminates."

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