State of 2012 2 Acknowledgements

At the outset, we would like to thank the Town We are grateful to Mr. Subir Hari Singh and Mr. Municipal Corporation (TMC) of Srirangapatna Arvind Shrivastava, formerly of the Urban for their unstinting support in this work. At the Infrastructure Development Finance Corporation TMC, Mr Shivaji Rao, Mr Rajanna and Ms. Roopa (KUIDFC), who were instrumental in helping get Lingaiah have been constant sources of support this project off the ground. We would also like to and encouragement. All the councilors have shown thank the former District Collector (DC) of tremendous interest in our work and have constantly district, Mr. P.C. Jaffer, and the DC of , Mr. helped us in our endeavors in Srirangapatna. P.S. Vastrad for their encouragement.

Our local team in Srirangapatna comprising Lokesha Finally, we would like to thank Dr. Sujay Kumar C, Yogesh R, Janiffer B, Shanmuga, Sujatha, of Srirangapatna for taking a keen interest in this Hajeera M, Anjali P, Spoorthi N and Monica R has work and providing us with advice, guidance and been the driving force that enabled us to collect support whenever we have needed it. all the data that we needed to produce this report. Without them and their boundless enthusiasm for Anand Sahasranaman the work, this report would not have been possible. Head, IFMR Finance Foundation

3 Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 6 Key Findings ...... 11 Areas of strength and opportunity ...... 12 Slum and non-slum findings ...... 14 Fort and Ganjam findings ...... 18 Land use and industry maps ...... 24 Sector Reports ...... 26 Work habits ...... 27 Shopping ...... 31 Transportation ...... 35 Drinking water ...... 42 Sanitation ...... 48 Solid waste ...... 56 Electricity ...... 60 Housing ...... 62 Finance ...... 67 Technology ...... 74 Ward Reports ...... 76 Conclusion ...... 128 Appendix ...... 134 INTRODUCTION About IFMR Finance Foundation

IFMR Finance Foundation (IFF) identified in the Indian financial system relates to is a not-for-profit company challenge in financing urban public infrastructure. promoted by IFMR Trust (Institute It is widely acknowledged that the economic for Financial Management future of the country is closely tied to its ability to and Research) focused on the invest in infrastructure - roads, water, sanitation, mission of ensuring that every housing and transportation - but myriad problems individual and every enterprise in the Indian context have prevented effective has complete access to and efficient financing of these services. One of financial services. Our mission the core areas of our work has therefore been in is motivated by a strong belief understanding and addressing the key issues in in the deeply transformative public financing public infrastructure and services. power of finance in unlocking Since 2008, when IFF was founded, we have the potential of low-income participated in several policy making platforms households, small enterprises such as the High Powered Expert Committee and local governments. (HPEC) on Urban Infrastructure, which submitted At IFF, we identify gaps in the its final report to the Ministry of Urban Development Indian financial system that inhibit the delivery of in 2011. We have also worked closely with complete financial services and seek to understand the Committee on Pension Reforms and the the nature of these gaps and address them in a Technology Group for Unique Projects. systematic manner. One of the critical gaps we have

7 Our Partnership with the Town of Srirangapatna

We believe that the future of urbanization in What are the long-term infrastructure investments is dependent on the planned development of small that Srirangapatna will need to make today in order and medium towns and cities. For India to be to be prepared for increasing urbanisation and the more inclusive, it is imperative that growth - both corresponding pressures of public services, and how economic and demographic - be more equitably can these investments be sustainably financed? distributed. Therefore, any meaningful How can citizens be made an integral part of the long-term vision for India would Any meaningful financing processes so that they see themselves as be incomplete without adequately partners, with rights in and responsibilities for the long-term vision planning for and sustainably financing city’s future growth? for India would be the cities of tomorrow. This means incomplete without that there is a need for increased What are the incentives that can be built into financing adequately planning focus on the development of today’s mechanisms that create increased accountability for and sustainably small and medium cities – cities like from the local government and greater responsibility financing the cities Srirangapatna - for they will be the from citizens? of tomorrow. cities of India’s future. The process for identifying long-term needs of Our partnership with Srirangapatna is the city will be driven by a deep engagement with focused on answering critical questions local citizens. This engagement will need to be about the long-term future development of the underpinned by the generation of high-quality data town. We are especially interested in answering the about the current state of the city. following:

8 About this report Findings from a physical and social survey of Srirangapatna

This report is a result of the data-generation process and provides simple but detailed spatial maps of the city’s infrastructure -land use, slums, sanitation, public toilets, garbage dumps, roads, drainage, street lights, electricity, finance, technology, transportation, shopping, work habits, drinking water, housing, solid waste - both at the city level, and more granularly, at the ward level. We collected the public infrastructure data through a mix of:

l cadastral data-collection of physical infrastructure covering all streets in the town;

l household surveys to get a deeper understanding of household socio-economics, covering approximately 256 households (approximately 5% of the town’s households with slums being overrepresented in wards with slums); and

l business surveys to understand the nature, size and supply-chain linkages of local businesses and commercial activity – a total of 12 unique businesses.

9 Report structure

The report contains detailed infrastructure maps of Srirangapatna Town Municipal Corporation (TMC). We start off with a discussion on key findings, before providing sector-wise infrastructure maps and reports on 10 different sectors: work and shopping habits, transportation, drinking water, sanitation, solid waste management, electricity, housing, financial access and technology. This is followed by ward- level infrastructure maps and reports that Objective provide a detailed snapshot of infrastructure The objective of this report is to and service provision in each ward of throw light on the current state Srirangapatna. We finally provide a ranking of the wards in Srirangapatna on the basis of of infrastructure provision in the quality and quantity of their infrastructure the Srirangapatna TMC and to access. This is done using our “Access to enable an objective comparison Infrastructure” Index, which is a composite between the Town’s wards on score (out of 10) that is generated for each the basis of quality and quantity ward using metrics for infrastructure access of their infrastructure access in each sector in that ward.

10 KEY FINDINGS Areas of Strength

The city of Srirangapatna is strongest in domains such as transportation infrastructure, access to drinking water, access to private toilets, housing infrastructure and telecommunications infrastructure.

Work locations are diffuse in the city. The average time to work is 26.7 minutes and a significant proportion of the population (10%) works in Mysore. Majority of the city’s population (55%) walks or cycles to their work location.

The city has good drinking water infrastructure and 84% of the city’s population has access to a private water source. Three-quarter of the city’s households live within 50 meters of a drinking water tap or tank.

We find that 83% of the city’s households have access to a private toilet. city cooks with either gas (LPG) or kerosene and 17% cooks with firewood. While this indicates a good level of sanitation coverage, we do find that open defecation is very much a reality in the city. The city is well-covered by telecommunications infrastructure. 88% of the city’s households have at least one mobile phone or landline. On the housing front, 82% of the city’s households own their own homes. The most popular house roofing materials are concrete (50%), tile (25%) Streetlights cover most of the city’s streets. 71% of the city lives within 10 and metal (14%). Only 7% of the houses have thatched roofs. 81% of the meters of a streetlight.

12 Areas of Opportunity

The city seems to be at its weakest in ensuring the purity of drinking water, providing access to public toilets, access to financial services and ownership of computers. Wards with slum areas fare poorly on average, even in domains that the city is strong as a whole.

Although 84% of households have access to private drinking water, 59% of the sur- veyed households report that purity of drinking water is their primary concern related to the public water system. Further, the city gets only an average of 2.3 hours of drinking water daily.

The survey finds that there are only 12 public and community toilets in the city (9 in Srirangapatna, 3 in Ganjam). Consequently, only 3% of the city’s population lives within 50 meters of a public or community toilet. Open defecation is common, espe- cially in wards with slums where 39% of the households defecate in the open. 50% of households cited that lack of any available facility was the reason for defecating in the open.

The city fares very poorly on the financial access front. Majority of the households (55%) do not have access to any form of credit or debit. 61% of the households have no way of storing savings and 68% of the city has no insurance coverage.

While most households have access to phones, we find that only 7% of the city’s households own a computer.

13 Slum and Non-Slum Areas There exists a big gulf between wards with slums and wards without.

Srirangapatna has nine slum areas spread across nine wards - five slum areas in wards 2,5,10, 14, 15 in Srirangapatna Fort Town and four in wards 16, 18, 20, and 21 in Ganjam. The slums house approximately 21% of the city’s population.

The study finds that wards with slums are worse-off in terms of infrastructure services across all domains (even in domains where the city is strong as a whole). For example, although 83% of households have access to private toilets, this figure drops to 47% in wards with slums. 39% of households in wards with slums defecate in the open. Access to a private drinking water source drops from the average 84% to 58% for households in wards with slums.Wards with slums also trail other wards in access to financial services and have poorer quality of housing.

Consequently, wards with slums have a much lower average composite score on the “Access to Infrastructure” Index (4.6 /10) than wards without slums (6.8/10).

14 SlumDrinking Locations water infrastructure LocationSlums are locatedof water in tanks,wards 2,taps, 5, 10, and 14, towers15, 16, 18, 20, and 21

Bhovi Kaaloni (14) Santhe Maidhana (15)

Ranganatha Nagara 1 and Nagara 2 (2, 5) Muhamad Sha Hangarahalli Gandhi Layout (18) colony (21) Nagar (10)

Chikkagarade Badavane (20) Kurad Beedi (16)

Note: Figures in parentheses indicate ward numbers

15 Slum and Non-Slum Households

POPULATION ELECTRICITY average hours of 19,582 4,147 19.53 electricity per day 17.50 in non-slums in slums in non-slums city average: 19.26 in slums

SOLID WASTE TRANSPORTATION of residents have 62% their trash collected 58% in non-slums in slums in non-slums city average: 61% in slums

own a 8% 4-wheel 0% vehicle

own a HOUSING 6% 3-wheel 5% vehicle in non-slums Roof Type in slums own a 2-wheel 1% 42% 22% Concrete 11% motorized 26% Metal vehicle 33% Thatch 19% 53% own a 2- Tile wheel non- 13% 32% 33% Other motorized 6% 22% 14% vehicle

do not of residents own their home 33% own a 44% 84% 82% vehicle in non-slums city average: 82% in slums 16 FINANCE WORK LOCATIONS in non-slums in slums of residents have 46% access to credit 36% 5% KG Rd. 0% in non-slums city average: 45% in slums Ranganatha DRINKING 6% 3% Temple - WATER 7% 3% of residents have Mysore Rd. access to savings Pete of residents 42% 22% 7% 3% in non-slums city average: 39% in slums Beedi Rd. 88% have 58% in non-slums private water in slums 8% Gumbaz Rd. 9% city average: 84% of residents 11% Mysore 3% 34% have insurance 20% average in non-slums city average: 32% in slums 13% Local 0% 2.39 hours of 2.01 in non-slums water in slums Near Bus 15% 13% city average: 2.34 Station 10% Varying 28% Locations 18% Other 38% TECHNOLOGY Sanitation SHOPPING LOCATIONS of residents have of residents a private toilet own a in non-slums in slums 89% 47% in non-slums city average: 83% in slums 8% computer 7% Near Bus in non-slums in slums 3% 9% city average: 7% Station of residents defe- 4% Local 25% 12% cate in the optn 39% Pete in non-slums city average: 16% in slums 13% 46% Beedi Rd. 15% KG Rd. 9% COMPOSITE SCORE of residents 20% Mysore 3% own a phone 90% 78% 33% Masjid- 6% out of 10 in non-slums city average: 88% in slums e-Ala 6.79 city total: 6.48 4.58 in non-slums in slums 11% Other 1% 17 Srirangapatna Fort Town and Ganjam Srirangapatna Fort Town and Ganjam differ in certain key areas.

The city of Srirangapatna is spread over 13 sq. km and is divided into two main areas: Srirangapatna Fort Town and Ganjam. Approximately 64.4% of the city’s population resides in Srirangapatna Fort Town. Most of the city’s primary and secondary commercial areas as well as marketplaces are located in the Srirangapatna Fort Town while the agricultural areas are in Ganjam.

The study finds that Ganjam falls behind Srirangapatna Fort Town in collection of solid waste, drinking water availability and access to finance.

Work locations and shopping locations vary between the two areas of the city. A large proportion (22%) of Ganjam’s population works around Gumbaz Road while work locations in Srirangapatna Fort Town are diffuse. Srirangapatna Town shops predominantly around Masjid-e-Ala and Pete Beedi Road (58%) while Ganjam shops predominantly on K G Road (45%).

18 WhereSrirangapatna do you Fort work? Town and Ganjam 14%Wards of1-15 the are city in Srirangapatna works near Fort the Town bus and station wards 16-23 are in Ganjam

Srirangapatna Fort Town

Ganjam

19 Srirangapatna Fort Town

INFORMATION

Population: 15,290 Composite Score: 6.67 Number of Slums: 5

KEY

20 Ganjam

INFORMATION Population: 8,439 Composite Score: 6.06 Number of Slums: 4

KEY

21 Srirangapatna Fort Town and Ganjam

POPULATION ELECTRICITY average hours of 15,290 8,439 19.90 electricity per day 17.85 in Town in Ganjam in Town city average: 19.26 in Ganjam

SOLID WASTE TRANSPORTATION of residents have 68% their trash collected 46% in Town in Ganjam in Town city average: 61% in Ganjam

own a 7% 4-wheel 6% vehicle

own a HOUSING 5% 3-wheel 5% vehicle in Town Roof Type in Ganjam own a 2-wheel 3% 39% 40% Concrete 3% motorized 23% Metal vehicle 30% Thatch own a 2- 51% Tile 50% wheel non- 16% 28% 41% Other 11% motorized 7% 6% vehicle

do not of residents 36% own a 31% 81% own their home 89% vehicle in Town city average: 82% in Ganjam 22 FINANCE WORK LOCATIONS in Town in Ganjam of residents have 48% access to credit 38% KG Rd. 1% in Town city average: 45% in Ganjam 14% Ranganatha DRINKING 8% Temple 0% Bangalore- WATER of residents have 9% Mysore Rd. 1% 43% access to savings 31% Pete of residents in Town in Ganjam city average: 39% 9% Beedi Rd. 1% 86% have 80% in Town private water in Ganjam Gumbaz Rd. 1% 22% city average: 84% of residents Mysore 34% have insurance 28% 12% 7% average in Town city average: 32% in Ganjam Local hours of 15% 2.82 1.28 7% in Town water in Ganjam Near Bus city average: 2.34 12% Station 18% Varying 14% Locations 16% Other 20% 14% TECHNOLOGY Sanitation SHOPPING LOCATIONS of residents have of residents a private toilet own a in Town in Ganjam 82% 86% in Town city average: 83% in Ganjam 9% computer 5% Near Bus in Town in Ganjam 4% 4% city average: 7% Station of residents defe- 9% Local 3% 15% cate in the open 16% Pete in Town in Ganjam 22% 3% city average: 16% Beedi Rd. 1% KG Rd. 45% COMPOSITE SCORE 19% of residents Mysore 15% own a phone 88% 91% 36% Masjid- 16% out of 10 in Town city average: 88% in Ganjam e-Ala 6.67 city total: 6.48 6.06 in Town in Ganjam 10% Other 15% 23 Land Use Map

24 Selected Industries Noteworthy businesses in Srirangapatna 6. Incense makers 1. Handicrafts 4. Industrial estate Yes Yem Agarbathis is a large Around 80 small shops largely Small and medium-sized en- producer of incense sticks selling handicraft items terprises making handicrafts, that sells its product locally wood interiors, pipes, copper and outside of Town wires, lead batteries, etc.

5. Bullock cart makers Around 10-15 small business- 1 es that make bullock carts

2. Garment 2 manufacturers 6 Gokaldas Exports is a 3 large manufacturer of 4 5 garments, employing around 900 people

3. Sunflower oil makers MK Agrotech is a maker of sunflower oil 25 SECTOR REPORTS WORK HABITS

Work locations in the city are diffuse. Kari Gatta (KG) Road, Gumbaz Road, Pete Beedi Road, Bangalore-Mysore Road, Ranganatha temple and areas around the bus station are the most common work locations in the city and 44% of the city works in one of these locations. People from Srirangapatna Fort Town tend to work either locally (41%) or in Mysore (12%) while people from Ganjam tend to work in the fields around Gumbaz Road (22%), near the bus station (18%), or in varying locations in Srirangapatna (16%).

27 Where do you work? Most common work locations in Srirangapatna

Ranganatha Temple

Near Bus Station

Pete Beedi Road

Gumbaz Road

Kari Gatta (KG) Road

Bangalore-Mysore Road

Ranganatha Bangalore- Gumbaz Rd Varies Temple Mysore Rd

5% 8% 10% 15% 14% 5% 12% 6% 19% KG Rd Mysore Near Bus Station Local Other Note: Others include work locations other than ones in Srirangapatna and Mysore 28 The figures do not include people who do not work or work at home Percent of ward population Where do you work? 0-25% 50-75% The relationship between home and work locations 25-50% 75-100% 5% of the city works at Kari Gatta (KG) Road 5% of the city works at Ranganatha Temple

6% of the city works on Bangalore-Mysore Road 6% of the city works on Pete Beedi Road

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 29 Percent of ward population Where do you work? 0-25% 50-75% The relationship between home and work locations 25-50% 75-100% 8% of the city works on Gumbaz Road 10% of the city works in Mysore

Mysore

14% of the city works near the bus station 15% of the city has varying work locations

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 30 SHOPPING

Shopping locations in the city are concentrated in Kari Gatta (KG) Road, Pete Beedi Road and Masjid-e-Ala. 61% of the city shops at one of these three locations. The study finds that people tend to shop near their residences. For example, households in Srirangapatna Fort Town shop predominantly around Masjid-e-Ala and Pete Beedi Road (58%) while households in Ganjam shop predominantly on Kari Gatta (KG) Road (45%). 18% of the city shops in Mysore, and the study finds that those who shop in Mysore live in the wealthier wards of the city.

31 Where do you shop? Most common shopping locations in Srirangapatna

Masjid-e-Ala

Near Bus Station

Pete Beedi Road

Kari Gatta (KG) Road

Near Bus Station Local Masjid-e-Ala

15% 4% 18% 7% 16% 30% 10%

Kari Gatta (KG) Rd Mysore Pete Beedi Road Other

32 Note: Others include shopping locations other than ones in Srirangapatna and Mysore Percent of ward population 0-25% 50-75% Where do do you work? 0-25% 50-75% 25-50% 75-100% 14% of the city works near the bus station 25-50% 75-100% you shop? 4% of the city shops near the bus station The relationship between home and shopping locations

7% of the city shops locally 15% of the city shops on KG Road

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 33 Percent of ward population Where do do you work? 0-25% 50-75% 14% of the city works near the bus station 25-50% 75-100% you shop? 16% of the city shops on Pete Beedi Road The relationship between home and shopping locations

18% of the city shops in Mysore 30% of the city shops at Masjid-e-Ala

Mysore The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 34 TRANSPORTATION

42% of the city owns a motorized vehicle. The most common vehicles owned by households are motorbikes and scooters (41%) and cycles (33%). 35% of the city does not own a vehicle of any type, which rises to 44% in wards with slums.

The most common mode of transportation to work are walking (31%) and cycling (24%). However, this varies across Srirangapatna Fort Town and Ganjam. Srirangapatna Fort Town residents are more likely to take a motorbike or bus to work while Ganjam residents are more likely to walk or cycle to work. The average time taken transiting to work is 26.7 minutes. Srirangapatna Fort Town residents take more time in transiting to work than Ganjam residents.

The city seems to have good street lighting infrastructure. 71% of the city’s households live within 10 meters of a streetlight, 88% within 20 meters.

35 What vehicles do you own?

42% of the city owns a motorized vehicle Percent of ward population

0-25%

5 7 25-50% 6 3 4 14 50-75% 2 13 12 11 1 9 15 75-100% 8 10

23 18 22

16 21 17 19 20

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 36 Percent of ward population What vehicles do you own? 0-25% 50-75%

Breakdown of vehicle ownership 25-50% 75-100% 7% owns a 4-wheel motorized vehicle 41% owns a 2-wheel motorized vehicle

33% owns a 2-wheel nonmotorized vehicle 35% does not own a vehicle

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 37 Percent of ward population How do you transit to work? 0-25% 50-75% Breakdown of modes of transportation 25-50% 75-100% 31% of the city walks to work 24% of the city cycles to work

19% of the city takes a 2-wheel motorized vehicle 11% of the city take the bus to work

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 38 How long does your trip to work take?

The city average is 26.7 minutes Minutes

Less th an 20

20-30 5 7 6 30-40 2 3 4 14 13 12 11 More than 40 1 15 8 9 10

18 23 22 21 16 20 17 19

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 39 Transportation infrastructure Location of streetlights

40 Transportation infrastructure Distance from properties to streetlights

Within 100 m

Within 50 m

Within 20 m

Within 10 m

95%! 88%! 93%! 71%!

10 M! 20 M! 50 M! 100 M! Percent of population living near a streetlight

41 DRINKING WATER

Most households have private water in their homes (84%) but it is less common in the slums (58%). Majority of the households (83%) treat their water before drinking. 75% of the households are within 50 meters of a drinking water tap or tank and 90% within 100 meters. However, households get access to drinking water for only 2.3 hours daily.

59% of the surveyed households reported that purity of drinking water was their greatest concern about the public water system. 19% reported availability of drinking water as their greatest concern.

Almost everyone who receives private water pays for it at a rate of Rs. 80- 85 per month. The study also finds that water availability is greatest in the city centre (in terms of hours of supply per day) and decreases as you move outward.

42 Percent of ward population What is your main 0-25% 50-75% source of drinking 25-50% 75-100% water and do you treat it?

84% of the city has a private water source

83% of the city treats its drinking water

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 43 What are the most important problems to fix in the public water system? Most common concern listed by ward

Availability

5 7 Purity 6 3 4 2 13 12 1 11 14 Reliability 8 9 15 10 No data 18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

Multiple concerns Time Reliability

3% 9% 59% 1% 19% 9%

Price Purity Availability 44 Note: Multiple concerns include surveyed households that reported more than one concern Percent of ward population What are the most important problems 0-25% 50-75% to fix in the public water system? 25-50% 75-100%

Purity Reliability

Availability Price

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 45 Drinking water infrastructure Location of water tanks, taps, and towers

Tap

Tank

Tower

46 Drinking water infrastructure Distance from properties to tanks and taps

Within 400 m

Within 200 m

Within 100 m

Within 50 m

97%! 90%! 93%! 75%!

50 M! 100 M! 200 M! 400 M! Percent of population living near a water tank or tap

47 Sanitation

Most households (83%) in the city have access to a private toilet. However, this figure drops to 47% in wards with slums.

39% of households in wards with slums defecate in the open. Half of the people who defecate in the open said they do so because there is no public facility available. The city does very poorly in ensuring access to public and community toilets. Only 3% of the city’s population comes within 50 meters of a public or community toilet. It is however unclear whether these toilets are maintained well enough to enable continued, on-going usage by the public.

51% percent of households live next to an open drain while 23% live next to a closed drain.

48 Percent of ward population Do you have 0-25% 50-75% a toilet in your 25-50% 75-100% home? Breakdown of private and public toilet users

83% of the city has a private toilet

1% of the city uses a public toilet

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 49 Do you have a toilet in your home?

16% of the city defecates in the open Percent of ward population

0-25%

5 7 25-50% 6 3 4 50-75% 2 13 12 14 11 1 9 15 75-100% 8 10

18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 50 Percent of ward population If you defecate in the 0-25% 50-75% open, why don’t you 25-50% 75-100% use a public toilet? Reasons for open defecation

50% of those who defecate in the open report that no facility is available

13% of those who defecate in the open report that facilities are poorly maintained

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 51 Sanitation infrastructure Location of public toilets and open defecation sites

Open defecation site

Public toilet

Community toilet

52 Sanitation infrastructure Distance from properties to public or community toilets

Within 400 m

Within 200 m

Within 100 m

Within 50 m

63%!

29%! 3%! 8%!

50 M! 100 M! 200 M! 400 M! Percent of population living near a public toilet

53 Drainage Location of open and closed drains

Closed drain

Open drain

54 Drainage Properties and drain type

Closed drain

Open drain

51%

23%

Open Drain Closed Drain Percent of population living next to an open or closed drain

55 SOLID WASTE

Although 61% of the city has solid waste collection at home, this figure reduces to 46% for Ganjam. Most people pay Rs. 10 per month for this service.

We find that garbage dumps on street sides are common even in wards that have door to door solid waste collection. This study estimated that 89% of households live within 100 meters of such dumping sites.

56 Do you have garbage collection at home?

61% of the city has garbage collection Percent of ward population

0-25%

5 7 25-50% 6 4 50-75% 2 3 14 13 12 1 11 75-100% 8 9 15 10

18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 57 Solid waste disposal Location of unsanctioned garbage dumping sites

58 Solid waste disposal Distance from properties to garbage dumping sites

Within 200 m

Within 100 m

Within 50 m

Within 20 m

94%

89%

59%

23%

20M 50M 100M 200M Percent of population living near a garbage dumping site

59 ELECTRICITY

The average duration of electric supply in a household is 19.3 hours. However, the number of hours of electricity available does not seem to be correlated with the distribution of slums or with the price paid by households. Most households pay for electricity. The wards that receive fewer hours of electricity are also the wards that pay more for it.

60 Do you have electricity in your home and how much do you pay for electricity?

Households have an average of 19.26 hours of

electricity per day Rupees per month

Less than 150

150-200

Hours per day 200-250 Less than 16 250-300 16-20 More than 300 More than 20

The average monthly payment is 227.8 rupees The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 61 HOUSING

The city has good housing infrastructure. 82% of the families own their homes, the remaining rent.

81% of the city cooks with Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) or kerosene. However, most people in wards with slum areas use firewood as their primary cooking fuel.

Throughout the city, the wards with no slums are most likely to have houses with concrete walls and roofs (53%) than wards with slum areas (33%). Although thatch is more common as a roof or wall material in the wards with slums (14% of households in wards with slums have a thatch roof), it is not the dominant building material in any ward.

62 Do you rent or own your home?

82% of the city owns its home Percent of ward population

0-25%

5 7 25-50% 6 3 4 50-75% 2 12 14 13 11 1 15 9 75-100% 8 10

18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 63 Percent of ward population What fuel do you use 0-25% 50-75% for cooking? 25-50% 75-100% 17% of the city cooks with firewood

81% of the city cooks with gas or kerosene

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 64 What is the primary material of your house’s roof? Most common material listed by ward

Concrete 5 7 Metal 6 3 4 14 2 13 12 Tile 1 11 9 8 15 10 18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

Brick Thatch Other

14% 2% 50% 7% 25% 1%

Metal Concrete Tile Note: Others include stone or slate roofs. Figures do not add up to 100% due to rounding errors. 65 Percent of ward population What is the primary material 0-25% 50-75% of your house’s roof? 25-50% 75-100% 7% of houses have thatched roofs 14% of houses have metal roofs

25% of houses have tile roofs 50% of houses have concrete roofs

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 66 FINANCE

Access to financial services is not one of the strengths of the city. Most households in Srirangapatna (55%) do not have access to any form of credit. However, the study also finds that the use of informal credit (moneylender, family and friends) is very low (2%) in the city.

Majority of the city’s households (61%) do not have any way of storing their savings and only 27% of the households save at a formal bank. As in the case of access to credit, the study finds that use of informal sources for saving is low. Insurance coverage in the city is very low and 68% of the city lacks any form of insurance coverage.

67 Do you have access to credit or debit? Most common form of credit listed by ward

Formal bank

5 No access 7 6 3 4 Self-help group 2 13 12 14 11 1 9 15 Microfinance 8 10

18 23 Multiple forms 22 21 16 17 19 20

Multiple Formal bank forms Other

4% 28% 4% 6% 55% 2%

Microfinance Self-help No access group Note: Other includes Friends or family and money lenders. 68 Figures do not add up to 100% due to rounding errors. Percent of ward population Do you have access 0-25% 50-75% to credit or debit? 25-50% 75-100% Most of the city (55%) does not have access to any form of credit, but use of informal credit is low 43% of the city uses formal credit (bank, microfinance, or self-help group)

2% of the city uses informal credit (moneylender, family, or friends)

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 69 Percent of ward population What form of credit or 0-25% 50-75% debit do you use? 25-50% 75-100% 28% of the city uses a formal bank 4% of the city uses microfinance

4% of the city uses a self-help group 6% of the city uses multiple forms of credit

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 70 How do you store your savings? Most common form of savings listed by ward

Formal bank

5 7 No savings 6 3 4 2 13 12 14 Chit fund 1 11 9 8 15 10 18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

Chit fund Gold No savings 3% 4% 27% 3% 3% 61% At Formal bank Multiple home forms Note: Multiple forms include households that use more than one of the methods mentioned to store savings. 71 Percent of ward population How do you store 0-25% 50-75% your savings? 25-50% 75-100% 39% of the city has some way of storing savings 27% of the city has savings in a formal bank

4% of the city has savings in a chit fund 3% of the city keeps savings at home

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 72 What types of insurance do you have?

32% of the city has at least one type of insurance Percent of ward population

0-25%

5 7 25-50% 6 3 4 50-75% 2 13 12 14 11 1 15 75-100% 8 9 10

18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 73 TECHNOLOGY

While the city does extremely well in access to phones, with 88% of the households having at least one phone, penetration of computers is very poor at 7%.

74 Percent of ward population Do you own a 0-25% 50-75% computer or a 25-50% 75-100% phone?

7% of households own a computer

88% of households have at least one phone

The shaded grey shapes indicate the location of slums 75

WARD REPORTS Ward 1

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 839 Composite Score: 5.51 Rank: 20

KEY

78 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE SANITATION DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 50% city average: 83% 90% city average: 45%

50% of residents defe- of residents cate out in the open 50% of residents have have savings city average: 16% 30% private water 30% city average: 39% 20% 20% 80% city average: 84% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.20 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 10% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 22.3 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 100% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 70% city average: 88% Transportation 23

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 6 HOUSING Housing 17 Roof Type 44% Varying Locations Finance 12 Pete Beedi Rd. 40% Concrete 20% 30% Sanitation 22 Metal Thatch Local 10% Technology 22 Tile 50% 22% Mysore Other Drinking Water 14 11% Pete Beedi Rd. of residents Other 50% Solid Waste 1 100% own their home 22% Ranganatha Temple city average: 82% Overall Rank 20 10% Other 79 Ward 2

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 997 Composite Score: 4.24 Rank: 23

KEY

80 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 50% city average: 83% 10% city average: 45%

60% of residents defe- of residents cate out in the open 50% of residents have have savings city average: 16% private water 0% city average: 39% 20% 20% 60% city average: 84% 0% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.10 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 10% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 18.0 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 50% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 70% city average: 88% Transportation 20

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 11 HOUSING Housing 12 Mysore 20% Roof Type 10% 38% Local Finance 22 Concrete Sanitation 22 Metal Pete Beedi Rd. 30% Thatch Technology 14 Tile 90% 25% Varying Locations Other Drinking Water Local 30% 9 13% Ranganatha Temple of residents Solid Waste 15 own their home 24% Other 90% Other city average: 82% 20% Overall Rank 23 81 Ward 3

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 915 Composite Score: 6.16 Rank: 16

KEY

82 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE WASTE WATER DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 90% city average: 83% 50% city average: 45%

67% of residents defe- of residents cate out in the open 44% 10% of residents have have savings city average: 16% of residents have private water 10% city average: 39% 80% city average: 84% 0% 0% 0% average hours of own a own a own a own a do not 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 3.10 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 20% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 16.2 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 80% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 80% city average: 88% Transportation 15

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 20 HOUSING Housing 21 Roof Type 20% Bangalore-Mysore Rd. 10% Finance 20 10% Concrete 20% KG Rd. Waste Water 10 Metal 10% Masjid-e-Ala 60% Thatch 70% Technology 20 Tile Other Drinking Water 4 60% Other of residents Solid Waste 7 own their home Other 40% 80% city average: 82% Overall Rank 16

83 Ward 4

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1105 Composite Score: 7.20 Rank: 7

KEY

84 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 70% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 40% of residents 0% cate out in the open 30% have savings city average: 16% of residents have 20% 50% city average: 39% private water 100% city average: 84% 0% 0% average hours of own a own a own a own a do not of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a have insurance 2.35 city average: 2.34 vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle 20% city average: 32% vehicle motorized of residents vehicle own a computer 10% city average: 7% ELECTRICITY COMPARATIVE average hours of SOLID WASTE electricity per day RANKINGS 22.9 city average: 19.26 of residents have of residents their trash collected own a phone Sector Ranking 100% city average: 61% 90% city average: 88% Transportation 11

Electricity WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS 1 HOUSING Housing 11% Varying Locations 20 Roof Type Finance 8 20% 22% Local Concrete Sanitation 1 11% Bangalore Mysore Rd. Metal 50% Masjid-e-Ala 90% Technology Thatch 30% 11% Near Bus Station 9 Tile 11% Mysore Drinking Water 11 Other 11% Raganatha Temple of residents Solid Waste 1 50% own their home city average: 82% 23% Other Overall Rank Mysore 10% 7

85 Ward 5

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1012 Composite Score: 5.71 Rank: 19

KEY

86 Ward 5 (cont.)

KEY

87 Ward 5 (cont.)

KEY

88 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 29% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 41% of residents cate out in the open 0% of residents have 29% 29% have savings city average: 16% private water 35% city average: 39% 76% 12% city average: 84% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 0.97 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 24% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 16.2 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 82% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 82% city average: 88% Transportation 18

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 19 HOUSING Housing 14 8% Local Mysore 12% Roof Type 23% Bangalore-Mysore Rd. Finance 17 18% Concrete Sanitation 17 Metal 12% 41% 15% Near Bus Station Thatch Pete Beedi Rd. 82% Technology 19 8% Gumbaz Rd. Tile 29% Other 15% Ranganatha Temple Drinking Water 13

of residents Solid Waste 6 own their home 31% Other 82% city average: 82% Overall Rank 19 Near Bus Station 6% 89 Ward 6

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1124 Composite Score: 8.50 Rank: 1

KEY

90 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 90% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 100% of residents 0% cate out in the open have savings city average: 16% of residents have 40% city average: 39% private water 43% 100% 29% 29% city average: 84% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.80 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 40% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 40% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 22.9 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 90% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 7

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 1 HOUSING Housing 3 Roof Type 29% Bangalore-Mysore Rd. Finance 4 Concrete 30% Masjid-e-Ala 50% Sanitation Metal 1 Thatch 70% Technology 1 Tile 57% Local Other Drinking Water 7 Mysore 50% of residents Solid Waste 3 own their home 78% city average: 82% 14% Mysore Overall Rank 1 91 Ward 7

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1103 Composite Score: 7.53 Rank: 6

KEY

92 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 70% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 40% 40% of residents cate out in the open 0% of residents have have savings city average: 16% private water 20% 90% city average: 39% 80% city average: 84% 0% 10%

own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 3.40 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 50% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 20.8 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 80% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 5

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 7 HOUSING Housing 13 Roof Type 33% Local Finance 10% 1 Concrete 10% Sanitation 1 Metal 40% Thatch 22% Near Bus Station Masjid-e-Ala 90% Technology 4 Tile 40% Other Drinking Water 5

of residents 33% Mysore Solid Waste 7 80% own their home city average: 82% Overall Rank 11% Ranganatha Temple Local 10% 6 93 Ward 8

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1024 Composite Score: 8.20 Rank: 2

KEY

94 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 70% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 70% of residents 0% cate out in the open have savings city average: 16% of residents have 30% 80% city average: 39% private water 20% 0% 10% 100% city average: 84%

own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.60 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 50% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 30% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 15.2 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 70% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 3

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 18 HOUSING Housing 10% Bangalore-Mysore Rd. 1 Roof Type Mysore 20% Finance 10% 2 Concrete 30% Local Sanitation Metal 1 Thatch Pete Beedi Rd. 50% Technology 2 Tile 20% Pete Beedi Rd. 90% Other Drinking Water 8 10% Ranganatha Temple of residents Solid Waste 11 own their home 30% Other 100% city average: 82% Local- 30% Overall Rank 2 95 Ward 9

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1267 Composite Score: 8.08 Rank: 4

KEY

96 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 50% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 60% of residents cate out in the open 0% city average: 16% 40% have savings of residents have 40% city average: 39% private water 100% city average: 84% 0% 0% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 5.80 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 50% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 18.0 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 70% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 90% city average: 88% Transportation 16

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 17 HOUSING Housing 5 Roof Type 22% Varying Locations Finance 7 10% Concrete 22% Local Sanitation Metal Masjid-e-Ala 60% 1 Thatch 50% 40% Technology 9 Tile Other Drinking Water 3 56% Other of residents Mysore 30% Solid Waste 11 90% own their home city average: 82% Overall Rank Other 10% 4 97 Ward 10

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 814 Composite Score: 5.47 Rank: 21

KEY

98 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 60% city average: 83% 50% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 71% of residents cate out in the open 30% of residents have have savings city average: 16% 43% private water 30% city average: 39% 60% city average: 84% 0% 0% 14% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 5.25 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 50% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 15.2 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 20% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 90% city average: 88% Transportation 21

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 22 HOUSING Housing 17 14% Varying Locations Roof Type 29% Masjid-e-Ala Finance 9 20% 14% Near Bus Station Concrete 30% Sanitation 21 Metal Near Bus Station 14% Thatch Technology 15 30% 43% Pete Beedi Rd. Mysore 14% Tile 20% Other Drinking Water 2 Local 29% of residents Solid Waste 22 own their home 70% city average: 82% 10% Other Other 10% Overall Rank 21 99 Ward 11

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 951 Composite Score: 6.37 Rank: 14

KEY

100 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 90% city average: 83% 40% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 50% of residents cate out in the open 10% of residents have have savings city average: 16% 30% private water 40% city average: 39% 90% city average: 84% 0% 10% 10% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 5.45 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 30% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 20.6 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 90% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 80% city average: 88% Transportation 19

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 8 HOUSING Housing 22 14% Varying Locations Roof Type Finance 13 10% 14% Near Bus Station Concrete 80% Sanitation 10 Metal 20% 14% Pete Beedi Rd. Masjid-e-Ala Thatch Technology 20 Tile 70% Other 29% Mysore Drinking Water 1

of residents Solid Waste 3 own their home 29% Other Mysore 10% 80% city average: 82% Overall Rank 14 Other 10% 101 Ward 12

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 839 Composite Score: 6.48 Rank: 20

KEY

102 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 20% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 50% of residents 0% cate out in the open 40% 40% have savings city average: 16% of residents have 60% city average: 39% private water 20% 100% city average: 84% 10% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day have insurance vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle 3.65 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 50% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 20% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 19.1 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 80% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 90% city average: 88% Transportation 6

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 10 HOUSING Housing 4 11% Varying Locations Roof Type Finance 9 20% Concrete 56% Sanitation Metal Masjid-e-Ala 1 10% 56% Near Bus Station Thatch 70% Technology 3 Tile Other Drinking Water 10

of residents 22% Pete Beedi Rd. Solid Waste 7 80% own their home Mysore 44% city average: 82% Overall Rank 11% Ranganatha Temple 5 103 Ward 13

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 924 Composite Score: 8.12 Rank: 3

KEY

104 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 80% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 56% of residents cate out in the open 0% city average: 16% of residents have 33% 33% have savings 40% city average: 39% private water 90% city average: 84% 11% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 3.80 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 50% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 22.5 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 90% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 14

WORK LOCATIONSSHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 4 HOUSING Housing 9 Roof Type 22% Varying Locations Finance 10% 3 Concrete Sanitation 1 Metal 22% Bangalore Mysore Rd.Masjid-e-Ala70% 30% Thatch 60% Technology 4 Tile 11% Local Other Drinking Water 6 33% Near Bus Station of residents Solid Waste 3 own their home 100% Mysore30% city average: 82% Overall Rank 11% Other 3 105 Ward 14

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1187 Composite Score: 6.21 Rank: 15

KEY

106 Ward 14 (cont.)

KEY

107 Ward 14 (cont.)

KEY

108 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 80% city average: 83% 24% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 56% of residents 4% cate out in the open 40% have savings city average: 16% of residents have 44% city average: 39% private water 20% 88% city average: 84% 12% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 2.89 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 20% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 4% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 22.4 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 36% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 76% city average: 88% Transportation 22

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 5 HOUSING Housing 11 Roof Type Finance 18 38% Varying Locations Mysore 40% Concrete 28% Sanitation 15 Metal 52% Thatch 14% Local KG Rd. 8% Technology 18 16% Tile 5% Near Bus Station Other 4% 5% Ranganatha Temple Drinking Water Pete Beedi Rd. 32% 12 of residents 29% Mysore Solid Waste 19 own their home 71% city average: 82% Local 12% Overall Rank 15 10% Other Other 8% 109 Ward 15

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1175 Composite Score: 6.50 Rank: 11

KEY

110 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 71% city average: 83% 36% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 64% of residents cate out in the open 29% of residents have have savings city average: 16% private water 50% city average: 39% 21% 21% 86% city average: 84% 0% 7% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.57 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 57% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 17.7 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 36% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 2

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 14 HOUSING Housing 8% Varying Locations 7 Roof Type 8% Local Finance 7% Masjid-e-Ala 36% 6 15% Near Bus Station Concrete 21% Sanitation Metal 19 Thatch 11% Pete Beedi Rd. Near Bus Station 29% Technology 12 Tile 71% Other 15% Mysore Drinking Water 18

of residents 10% Ranganatha Temple Pete Beedi Rd. 29% Solid Waste 19 own their home 93% city average: 82% Overall Rank 11 16% Other Ranganatha Temple Other 7% 111 Ward 16

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 992 Composite Score: 6.16 Rank: 17

KEY

112 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 90% city average: 83% 50% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 50% of residents cate out in the open 10% of residents have have savings city average: 16% 30% 30% private water 30% city average: 39% 80% city average: 84% 10% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.65 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 10% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents have 12.2 city average: 19.26 their trash collected their trash collected 70% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 4

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 23 HOUSING Housing 23 10% Varying Locations Masjid-e-Ala Roof Type 29% 10% KG Rd. Finance 19 20% Concrete 30% 10% Bangalore Mysore Rd. Sanitation 10 Metal 10% Local Near Bus Station 14% Thatch 10% Mysore Technology 4 Tile Local 14% 50% 20% Gumbaz Rd. Other Drinking Water 17

of residents Other 43% Solid Waste 11 own their home 10% Other 60% city average: 82% Overall Rank 17 113 Ward 17

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1028 Composite Score: 6.55 Rank: 9

KEY

114 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 40% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 40% of residents 20% cate out in the open 30% 30% have savings city average: 16% of residents have 50% city average: 39% private water 100% city average: 84% 0% 10% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of of residents 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.25 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 70% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 20.0 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 40% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 17

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 9 HOUSING Housing 6 12% Varying Locations Masjid-e-Ala 11% Roof Type Finance 5 Concrete 38% KG Rd. Mysore 33% Sanitation Metal 10 50% 50% Thatch Technology 12 Tile 12% Local Other Drinking Water 19 12% Near Bus Station KG Rd. 56% of residents Solid Waste 17 own their home 100% city average: 82% 25% Gumbaz Rd. Overall Rank 9 115 Ward 18

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 933 Composite Score: 4.56 Rank: 22

KEY

116 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 70% city average: 83% 20% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 70% of residents cate out in the open 30% of residents have have savings city average: 16% private water 0% city average: 39% 30% 40% city average: 84% 0% 0% 10% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 0.75 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 0% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 18.0 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 30% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 90% city average: 88% Transportation 13

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 11 HOUSING Housing 16 11% Varying Locations Roof Type Finance 23 Concrete Sanitation Metal 100% Masjid-e-Ala 50% 20 Thatch Technology 15 Tile 67% Near Bus Station Other Drinking Water KG Rd. 30% 23 of residents Solid Waste 21 own their home 70% city average: 82% 22% Other Pete Beedi Rd. 50% Overall Rank 22 117 Ward 19

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 982 Composite Score: 6.63 Rank: 8

KEY

118 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 100% city average: 83% 10% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 60% of residents cate out in the open 50% 0% of residents have have savings city average: 16% private water 50% city average: 39% 20% 90% city average: 84% 0% 10% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.05 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 40% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have 15.9 city average: 19.26 their trash collected of residents 0% city average: 61% own a phone Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 9

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 16 HOUSING Housing 8 Roof Type 30% KG Rd. Finance Mysore 40% 14 Concrete 30% Sanitation Metal 1 50% Thatch 30% Mysore Local 10% Technology 4 Tile 20% Other Drinking Water 21 KG Rd. 40% of residents 30% Gumbaz Rd. Solid Waste 23 own their home 100% city average: 82% Overall Rank 8 22% Other Other 10% 119 Ward 20

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1135 Composite Score: 6.53 Rank: 10

KEY

120 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 90% city average: 83% 20% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 50% of residents 10% cate out in the open 40% have savings city average: 16% of residents have 30% 40% city average: 39% private water 10% 10% 100% city average: 84%

own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.70 vehicle motorized 30% city average: 32% city average: 2.34 vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 16.1 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 80% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 90% city average: 88% Transportation 10

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 15 HOUSING Housing 10 11% KG Rd. Roof Type Masjid-e-Ala 20% Finance 16 Concrete 33% Near Bus Station Near Bus Station 10% Sanitation Metal 40% 40% 10 Thatch Mysore 30% Technology 9 Tile 20% Other Drinking Water 16

of residents 10% Gumbaz Rd. Solid Waste 7 own their home KG Rd. 40% 90% city average: 82% Overall Rank 10 121 Ward 21

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 948 Composite Score: 6.46 Rank: 12

KEY

122 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 90% city average: 83% 90% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 80% of residents cate out in the open 10% of residents have have savings city average: 16% private water 20% city average: 39% 30% 60% city average: 84% 0% 0% 20% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.03 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 20% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 22.9 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 50% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 90% city average: 88% Transportation 8

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 1 HOUSING Housing 19 Roof Type Finance 11 20% Concrete 60% Varying Locations Sanitation Metal 40% 9 Thatch KG Rd. 90% Technology 15 Tile 40% Other Drinking Water 10% Local 22 of residents 10% Near Bus Station Solid Waste 15 own their home 10% Mysore 100% city average: 82% Overall Rank 12 10% Other Other 10% 123 Ward 22

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1259 Composite Score: 5.82 Rank: 18

KEY

124 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 60% city average: 83% 60% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 60% of residents cate out in the open 40% of residents have have savings city average: 16% private water 10% city average: 39% 20% 20% 80% city average: 84% 0% 10% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.10 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 10% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 0% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 16.2 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 60% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 60% city average: 88% Transportation 1

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 13 HOUSING Housing 15 14% Varying Locations Roof Type Masjid-e-Ala 22% Finance 14 10% 14% Mysore Concrete Mysore 11% Sanitation 16 Metal 14% Pete Beedi Rd. Thatch KG Rd. 22% Technology 4 Tile 14% Ranganatha Temple 90% Other Drinking Water 15

of residents 43% Other Other 44% Solid Waste 17 own their home 100% city average: 82% Overall Rank 13 125 Ward 23

WARD INFORMATION

Population: 1162 Composite Score: 6.44 Rank: 13

KEY

126 TRANSPORTATION FINANCE Sanitation DRINKING WATER

of residents have a of residents private toilet have credit 90% city average: 83% 10% city average: 45%

of residents defe- 60% of residents cate out in the open 50% 10% have savings city average: 16% of residents have 50% city average: 39% private water 90% city average: 84% 10% 10% 0% own a own a own a own a do not average hours of 4-wheel 3-wheel 2-wheel 2-wheel own a of residents TECHNOLOGY water per day vehicle vehicle motorized non- vehicle have insurance 1.75 city average: 2.34 vehicle motorized 40% city average: 32% vehicle of residents 10% own a computer ELECTRICITY city average: 7% SOLID WASTE COMPARATIVE average hours of RANKINGS electricity per day of residents have of residents 17.9 city average: 19.26 their trash collected own a phone 40% city average: 61% Sector Ranking 100% city average: 88% Transportation 1

WORK LOCATIONS SHOPPING LOCATIONS Electricity 13 HOUSING Near Bus Station 10% Housing 15 Roof Type 20% Varying Locations Finance 14 Concrete 20% 20% KG Road Sanitation Metal 16 10% Thatch 70% 10% Local KG Rd. 70% Technology 4 Tile 10% Near Bus Station Other Drinking Water 15 22% Pete Beedi Rd. of residents Solid Waste 17 own their home 90% city average: 82% 10% Gumbaz Rd. Other 20% Overall Rank 13 127 CONCLUSION Access to infrastructure index

We have constructed a 10 point “Access to Infrastructure” index for the purpose of comparing wards in Srirangapatna TMC across all sectors. The index was generated using the following household-level metrics:

––Type of vehicle owned ––Daily hours of electricity availability ––Availability of private drinking water ––Number of people per room in ––Hours of water supply household ––Ownership of private toilet ––Type of cooking fuel used ––Prevalence of open defecation ––Type of primary roofing material used ––Availability of door to door garbage ––Access to credit collection ––Ownership of phone

129 Index development

Each metric constituting the index is normalized on a 0 to 10 scale (0 being the worst and 10 being the best) and this is used to compute an equally-weighted average, which is the composite “Access to Infrastructure” score for a ward. This analysis is a relative comparison between the wards and the best performing ward in a sector gets a score of 10, while the other wards are rated in comparison to the best performer. The index therefore captures the performance and standing of wards in Srirangapatna TMC in relation to one another and enables objective comparison across wards.

Ward 6 with a composite score of 8.50 fares best in the city. However, this does not imply that this particular ward is perfect across all sector metrics - a perfect ward would have a composite score of 10, which means that each sector would have an individual score of 10. The index measures how well a particular ward fares in comparison to other wards. For instance, even though ward 6 seems to fare well overall, its transportation and drinking water infrastructure are not the best in the city. Although Ward 1 has a low composite score, 100% of households have access to solid waste collection.

130 Access to infrastructure index

How do the wards compare across all metrics? Score 4-6

6-8 5 7 6 8-10 3 4 14 2 13 12 11 1 9 8 15 10

18 23 22 21 16 17 19 20

131 Acces to infrastructure index How do the wards rank across all metrics?

Score Rank Score Rank

Ward 6 8.50 1 Ward 23 6.44 13 Ward 8 8.20 2 Ward 11 6.37 14 Ward 13 8.12 3 Ward 14* 6.21 15 Ward 9 8.08 4 Ward 3 6.16 16 Ward 12 7.67 5 Ward 16* 6.16 17 Ward 7 7.53 6 Ward 22 5.82 18 Ward 4 7.20 7 Ward 5* 5.71 19 Ward 19 6.63 8 Ward 1 5.51 20 Ward 17 6.55 9 Ward 10* 5.47 21 Ward 20* 6.53 10 Ward 18* 4.56 22 Ward 15 6.50 11 Ward 2* 4.24 23 Ward 21* 6.46 12

*Ward contains a slum

132 A powerful tool

We believe that adoption of an index like the “Access to Infrastructure” index, that enables objective comparison of wards in a town, can be a very powerful tool in driving meaningful citizen participation in city level issues. It promotes increased transparency and provides a tool that citizens can meaningfully use to drive positive change in their wards and therefore, their city.

The value of such an index will truly become apparent if it were updated annually to capture the change in performance across wards over time. Not only will this enable a comparison across wards, but also capture the difference in performance in the same ward between one year and the next. This will be the key to driving improved outcomes in public infrastructure and service delivery in Srirangapatna.

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