APPENDIX 13.7 Appendix 13.7.1. species recorded in the Study Area in this and/or previous studies. Where study boundaries of previous studies extended beyond the current study area boundary, only records from within the area covered by this study are included. Note that for some sources, lists are incomplete and/or only some records are attributed to a specific locality. Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species Database 2002 to Database 2002 to Protection Utilised2 KTN3 (1993) - KTN4 KTN FLN3 FLN Studies5 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status Freshwater Bush Hopper wetlands, - Y Y Y Y Ampittia dioscorides abandoned paddy fields Forest Hopper Grass by - Y Y Astictopterus jama country trails Paintbrush Swift Bamboo - Y Y Baoris farri groves Grasslands, Formosan Swift abandoned - [Y] Y Y Borbo cinnara agricultural lands Colon Swift - (not stated) Y# Caltoris bromus Dark Swift Bamboo - Y# Caltoris cahira groves Banana - Banana groves Y Y Erionota torus Bamboo groves; very Dark Brown Ace LC rare with Y# Halpe porus scattered records Tree Flitter - Forests Y Y Hyarotis adrastus Chestnut Bob Near grass on - Y Y salsala forest fringes Bamboo groves Common Redeye - (including Y Y Matapa aria those in urban area) Unidentified Swift - - Y Open Oriental Straight Swift grassland, - Y Y bada abandoned paddy fields Open Rare Swift - grassland, Y Y Y Y Parnara ganga abandoned

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status paddy fields Open Common Straight Swift grassland, - Y Y Y Y abandoned paddy fields Open grasslands, Little Branded Swift - shrublands, Y# Pelopidas agna abandoned fields Conjoined Swift - Shaded areas [Y] Y Y Pelopidas conjunctus Open grasslands, Small Branded Swift - shrublands, Y Y Pelopidas mathias abandoned fields Contiguous Swift - Grasslands Y Y Y Y Y Polytremis lubricans Abandoned Potanthus sp. LC* fields, Y Potanthus sp. grasslands Abandoned Chinese Dart - fields, Y Y Potanthus confucius grasslands Abandoned Common Dart LC fields, Y# Potanthus pseudomaesa grasslands Abandoned Lesser Band Dart - fields, Y# Potanthus trachala grasslands Indian Palm Bob - Urban areas Y Suastus gremius Abandoned Greenish Palm Dart exposed - Y Y grasslands, shrublands Abandoned Palm Dart exposed LC Y# Telicota besta grasslands, shrublands Abandoned Pale Palm Dart exposed LC Y Y grasslands, shrublands

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status Abandoned Dark Palm Dart exposed - Y Y Telicota ohara grasslands, shrublands Caterpillar: feeds on leaves of Grass Demon Zingiberaceae; - Y Y Udaspes folus Adult: Hedychium coronaroim bushes Only near Spotted Angle coastal shrubs; LC Y alida local rare skipper White-banded Flat Well-vegetated - Y# Gerosis phisara areas Chestnut Angle - Forests Y Y Y Odontoptilum angulatum Water Snow Flat - Woodlands Y# Tagiades litigiosus Abandoned Purple Sapphire fields, - Y [Y] Y Y Heliophorus epicles woodside areas Bamboo Lesser Forest Blue groves (with LC Y# Taraka hamada aphids infestation) Common Hedge Blue - Woodsides Y Y Y Y Y Acytolepis puspa Forget-me-not Near shrubs, - Y# Catochrysops strabo wastelands Coastal Lime Blue - woodland Y Y Y Chilades lajus edges Near shrubs, Gram Blue - abandoned Y Y Y Y Euchrysops cnejus fields Near shrubs, Tailed Cupid abandoned - Y Y Y Y Everes lacturnus agricultural fields Small Grass Blue - Hillside Y#

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status Famegana alsulus grasslands, abandoned agricultural fields Dark Cerulean - Woodlands Y Jamides bochus Long-tailed Blue Shrublands, - Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Lampides boeticus wastelands Transparent 6-line Blue Woodland - Y Nacaduba kurava edge, forests Shaded Quaker - shrublands, Y Y Neopithecops zalmora forests Grass Blue Species - - Y Pale Grass Blue - Urban parks Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Pseudozizeeria maha Numerous specimens seen forests of the central Pale Hedge Blue LC New Territories Y Udara dilecta (in 2005 spring); once considered rare Shrublands, Dark Grass Blue abandoned - Y Zizeeria karsandra agricultural fields Shrublands, Lesser Grass Blue abandoned - Y Y Y Y Y Zizina otis agricultural fields Cornelian Woodlands, - Y# Deudorix epijarbas near orchards Information of the habitat Brown Onyx utilisation is LC Y# Horaga albimacula limited; no local sighting for many years Common Onyx - Forests Y Y Horaga onyx Silver Streak Blue - Woodlands Y Iraota timoleon

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status Slate Flash Woodside - [Y] Y Y Rapala manea areas Chocolate Royal Woodlands, - Y Y Remelana jangala near shrubs Woodside Long-banded Silverline - areas, near Y Y Spindasis lohita shrubs Woodland Club Silverline - edges, near [Y]# Spindasis syama shrubs Peacock Royal Forests, citrus LC Y Y Tajuria cippus orchards Plum Judy Shrubs, - Y Y Y Y Abisara echerius grasslands Punchinello Shrubs, - Y Y Y Y Zemeros flegyas grasslands Coastal shrublands, Common Pierrot wastelands; LC Y# Castalius rosimon absent in Hong Kong for many years Common Duffer Near bamboo - Y# Discophora sondaica groves Large Faun Forest - Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Faunis eumeus understories Tawny Rajah - Woodlands Y Y Y Y Y Charaxes bernardus Common Nawab - Forests Y Y Polyura athamas Plain Tiger Near its host - Y Y Danaus chrysippus plants Found in all Common Tiger - sorts of Y Y Y Y Y Danaus genutia habitats City parks, near host Common Indian Crow - plants of its Y Y Y Y Y Euploea core larvae (Nerium oleander) Bushes of Blue-spotted Crow - Ageratum Y Y Y Y Y Y Euploea midamus conyzoides Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger All sorts of - Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ideopsis similis habitats; males

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status likes to sip the nectar of trailside Ageratum conyzoides Forests, woodside areas; males Glassy Tiger feeds on the - Y Y Parantica aglea nectar of roadside Ageratum conyzoides Woodside areas; males Blue Tiger sip the nectar - Y# Tirumala limniace of trailside Ageratum conyzoides Males occur at Indian Fritillary hilltops, - Y Y Y Argyreus hyperbius females occur in lowlands Near host plant Angled Castor - Ricinus Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Ariadne ariadne communis Woodside areas, near Colour Sergeant - shrubs; males Y Y Y Y Athyma nefte congregate at summits Near shrubs; Common Sergeant - males occur in Y Y Y Y Y Athyma perius uplands Staff Sergeant Woodside - Y Y Y Athyma selenophora areas Rustic Woodland - Y Y Y Y Y Y Cupha erymanthis edges Along country trails; males Common Mapwing - congregate on Y Y Y Y Cyrestis thyodamas wet surfaces to puddle Woodside Gaudy Baron - areas; females Y Y Euthalia lubentina occur near the

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status host plants (Macrosolen cochinchinensi s, Scurrula parasitica and Taxillus chinensis) of its larvae Woodside White-edged Blue Baron - areas, near Y Y Y Y Y Y Euthalia phemius village Woodside Red-ring Skirt areas; males - Y Y Y Y Y Hestina assimilis congregate at summits Woodside Great Egg-fly - areas, near Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Hypolimnas bolina shrubs Agricultural Danaid Egg-fly LC land, fish Y Y Hypolimnas misippus ponds Grasslands, Peacock Pansy - abandoned Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Junonia almana paddy fields Abandoned Grey Pansy paddy fields, - Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Junonia atlites freshwater wetlands Chocolate Pansy Along - Y Junonia iphita woodland trails Shrublands, woodside areas, Lemon Pansy - occasionally Y Y Y Y Junonia lemonias occurs in abandoned paddy fields Dry grassland; Blue Pansy more common Y# Junonia orithya in fall Shrublands, Blue Admiral - along Y Y Y Kaniska canace woodland trails Shrublands, Commander LC woodside Y Y Moduza procris areas near the

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status host plants (Uncaria hirsuta) of its larvae Woodside Common Sailer - areas, near Y Y Y Y Y Neptis hylas shrubs Common Lascar Woodside, - Y# Pantoporia hordonia shaded areas Five-dot Sergeant Woodside - Y Y Parathyma sulpitia areas Short-banded Sailer Woodside - Y Y Phaedyma columella areas Shrublands, Common Leopard gardens with - Y Y Phalanta phalantha weeping willows Black Prince - Woodlands Y Y Y Y Y Rohana parisatis Forests, Common Jester - woodside Y Symbrenthia lilaea areas Forests, woodland Vagrant LC edges; very [Y]# Vagrans egista rare in Hong Kong Uplands, Painted Lady ridges; mainly LC Y Vanessa cardui occurs in fall and winter Males occurs at hilltops, Indian Red Admiral females occurs - Y Vanessa indica in abandoned farmland near rural villages Woodland edges, urban Common Palmfly parks; larvae - Y Y Y Elymnias hypermnestra utilising Palmacae as food plants Banded Tree Brown Woodland - Y Y Y Lethe confusa edges

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status Bamboo Bamboo Tree Brown - groves, Y Y Lethe europa woodland Common Tree Brown Woodland - Y# Lethe rohria edges Common Evening Brown - Forests Y Y Y Y Melanitis leda Dark Evening Brown - Shaded places Y Y Y Y Y Melanitis phedima Dark-brand Bush Brown - Shaded areas Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Mycalesis mineus South Bush Brown - Shaded areas Y# Mycalesis zonata Woodland Muirhead’s Labyrinth - areas, bamboo Y# Neope muirheadii groves Woodland Common Five-ring edges, - Y Y Y Y Y Y Ypthima baldus shrublands, grasslands Woodland Straight Five-ring edges, - Y Y Y Y Y Ypthima lisandra shrublands, grasslands Small Three-ring Unsheltered LC Y Y Ypthima norma grass slopes Woodside Common Mime - areas, Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Chilasa clytia shrublands Tailed Jay - Woodland Y Y Y Y Graphium agamemnon Common Jay - Forests Y Y Y Y Graphium doson Common Bluebottle - Forests Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Graphium sarpedon Shrublands, woodland, near host plants Common Rose - (Aristolochia Y# Pachliopta aristolochiae fordiana and Aristolochia tagala) of the caterpillar Chinese Peacock - Densely Y Y Y

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status Papilio bianor vegetated forests Open Lime Butterfly - grasslands, Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Papilio demoleus shrublands Woodside Red Helen areas, citrus - Y Y Y Y Y Papilio helenus orchards, urban parks Woodland, Great Mormon citrus - Y Y Y Y Y Y Papilio memnon orchards, urban park Paris Peacock Woodside - Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Papilio paris areas Common Mormon Forest edge, - Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Papilio polytes citrus orchards Woodside Spangle - areas, citrus Y Y Y Y Y Papilio protenor orchards Woodside Swallowtail - areas, [Y] Y Y Papilio xuthus shrublands Woodside Five-bar Swordtail - areas, Y Y Pathysa antiphates shrublands Near the host Cap.170, plant Common Birdwing Appendix II in (Aristolochia [Y]# Troides helena CITES tagala) of the caterpillar Lemon Emigrant Shrubs, urban - Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Catopsilia pomona parks Mottled Emigrant Shrublands, - Y Y Y Y Y Catopsilia pyranthe urban parks Grass Yellow Species - - Y Y Euerma sp. Woodside Three-spot Grass Yellow areas, - Y Eurema blanda shrublands, city parks Near shrubs, Small Grass Yellow abandoned LC Y# Eurema brigitta agricultural lands (stay

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Conservation AFCD Biodiversity AFCD Biodiversity and Habitat NENT Study - Bascombe Present Study - NENT Study - Present Study - Other Species 2 3 4 Database 2002 to 3 Database 2002 to 5 Protection Utilised KTN (1993) - KTN KTN FLN FLN Studies 1 June 2012 - KTN June 2012 - FLN Status close to host plant Cassia mimosoides) Common Grass Yellow Various - Y Y Y Y Y Y Eurema hecabe habitats Woodlands, shrublands, Common Gull - abandoned Y Cepora nerissa agricultural lands Areas with Red-base Jezebel - flowering Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Delias pasithoe plants Woodlands and Great Orange Tip - shrublands Y Y Y Y Y Hebomoia glaucippe that near the host plants Near vegetable fields Indian Cabbage White - (caterpillar Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Pieris canidia feed on family Cruciferae) Near vegetable fields Small Cabbage White - (caterpillar Y Y Y Y Pieris rapae feed on family Cruciferae) Note: 1. Conservation status refers to Cap. 170, http://www.sepa.gov.cn, UNEP-WCMC (2012), Fellowes et al. (2002) and IUCN (2013) a. Cap. 170 = Chapter 170 Wild Protection Ordinance b. Conservation Status by Fellowes et al. (2002): LC = Local Concern. 2. Lo. P.Y.F., Hui. W.L. 2010. Hong Kong Butterflies. Friends of the Country Parks and Cosmos Books Ltd. Hong Kong. 3. Maunsell (2003). 4. Sources: Maunsell (1997), Maunsell (2003) and HKU Biodiversity Database. 5. Arup (2010), Atkins (2010), Binnie, Black and Veatch (2002), Dudgeon and Corlett (2001), Maunsell (1997), Mott Macdonald (2010 & 2012), field survey data from Agreement No. CE/2008 (CE). Planning and Engineering Study on Development of Lok Ma Chau Loop - Investigation. Key: * = Common Dart Potanthus pseudomaesa is of Local Concern (Fellowes et al., 2002). ^ = Small Grass Yellow Eurema brigitta is of Local Concern (Fellowes et al., 2002). Y = Species recorded in the corresponding study. # = Recorded by Bascombe (1993) but not since. [Y] = Records listed in Maunsell (1997)/ Maunsell (2003) but no record from Study Area found in HKU Biodiversity Database and/or listed by Maunsell (1997)/Maunsell (2003) as only from Beas River.

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Appendix 13.7.2. Mean and maximum numbers of butterflies recorded in systematic surveys in the Kwu Tung North NDA and observations during further surveys for this study (where no mean is shown, observations are from the further surveys). Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 GR/ FSW/ Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MA MW NS CS SH OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2 SWG SecW 2011) Forest Hopper - C 0.5(1) Astictopterus jama Banana Skipper - UC 0.2(1) # Erionota torus Chestnut Bob - UC 0.7(2) Iambrix salsala Common Redeye - UC 0.2(1) Matapa aria Rare Swift - UC √ Parnara ganga Conjoined Swift - R 0.2(1) Pelopidas conjunctus Contiguous Swift - C √ 0.3(2) 0.2(1) Polytremis lubricans Potanthus sp. LC* - 0.2(1) Potanthus sp. Indian Palm Bob - UC 0.2(1) Suastus gremius Grass Demon - R √ 0.2(1) Udaspes folus Chestnut Angle - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Odontoptilum angulatum Common Hedge Blue - C 0.2(1) 0.3(2) √ 1.7(6) 0.2(1) 0.3(1) 0.3(2) Acytolepis puspa Gram Blue - UC 0.2(1) Euchrysops cnejus Tailed Cupid - C 0.2(1) 0.3(2) 0.2(1) Everes lacturnus Long-tailed Blue - C 0.2(1) Lampides boeticus Transparent 6-line Blue - C 0.2(1) Nacaduba kurava Quaker - UC 0.3(2) 0.3(2) Neopithecops zalmora Grass Blue Species - - (1) Pale Grass Blue - VC 0.2(1) 1.5(5) 0.2(1) √ √ 0.8(2) 0.7(2) 2.3(5) 2.2(9) 2.5(8) 0.8(3) Pseudozizeeria maha Pale Hedge Blue LC VR 0.2(1) Udara dilecta

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Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 GR/ FSW/ Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MA MW NS CS SH OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2 SWG SecW 2011) Dark Grass Blue - UC 0.5(2) Zizeeria karsandra Lesser Grass Blue - C 0.2(1) Zizina otis Common Onyx - R 0.2(1) Horaga onyx Silver Streak Blue - UC 0.2(1) Iraota timoleon Slate Flash - C 0.2(1) Rapala manea Peacock Royal LC R 0.2(1) Tajuria cippus Plum Judy - VC 0.8(2) 0.3(1) 0.2(1) Abisara echerius Punchinello - C 0.2(1) Zemeros flegyas Large Faun - C 0.3(2) 0.2(1) (2) Faunis eumeus Tawny Rajah - C 0.5(1) 0.2(1) √ 0.2(1) Charaxes bernardus Common Nawab - UC √ Polyura athamas Plain Tiger - UC 0.2(1) Danaus chrysippus Common Tiger - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Danaus genutia Common Indian Crow - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Euploea core Blue-spotted Crow - VC 2.0(12) √ Euploea midamus Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger - VC 0.2(1) √ Ideopsis similis Glassy Tiger - C 0.7(3) Parantica aglea Indian Fritillary - C 0.2(1) Argyreus hyperbius Angled Castor - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) √ 0.2(1) √ 0.3(2) 0.3(2) 0.3(2) Ariadne ariadne Common Sergeant - UC 0.5(2) 0.2(1) Athyma perius Staff Sergeant - C 0.2(1) √ Athyma selenophora Rustic - VC 0.2(1) Cupha erymanthis Common Mapwing - C 0.2(1) 0.7(2)

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Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 GR/ FSW/ Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MA MW NS CS SH OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2 SWG SecW 2011) Cyrestis thyodamas Gaudy Baron - UC 0.2(1) Euthalia lubentina White-edged Blue Baron - C 0.2(1) √ 0.2(1) 0.3(1) √ 0.2(1) Euthalia phemius Red-ring Skirt - C √ 0.5(1) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Hestina assimilis Great Egg-fly - C 0.8(5) 1.0(4) √ √ 0.5(2) 1.8(4) 0.7(2) 2.3(5) 1.2(4) 0.5(2) 0.2(1) Hypolimnas bolina Danaid Egg-fly LC UC 0. 3(1) 0.2(1) Hypolimnas misippus Peacock Pansy - C 0.3(2) Junonia almana Grey Pansy - C 0.3(2) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Junonia atlites Blue Admiral - C 0.2(1) Kaniska canace Commander LC VR 0.2(1) Moduza procris Common Sailer - VC (1) 0.2(1) √ 0.2(1) 0.3(2) 1.8(3) 0.7(2) 0.7(2) 0.3(1) 0.3(1) Neptis hylas Five-dot Sergeant - C √ 0.7(4) 0.7(2) Parathyma sulpitia Common Leopard - VR 0.3(2) Phalanta phalantha Black Prince - C √ Rohana parisatis Common Jester - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Symbrenthia lilaea Painted Lady LC R 0.2(1) Vanessa cardui Common Palmfly - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Elymnias hypermnestra Bamboo Tree Brown - UC 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Lethe europa Common Evening Brown - C 0.2(1) Melanitis leda Dark Evening Brown - UC 0.7(3) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Melanitis phedima Dark-brand Bush Brown - VC 0.2(1) 0.2(30) √ 0.3(2) 0.2(1) 0.8(2) 5.5(10) 2.8(10) 0.5(3) 0.7(2) Mycalesis mineus Common Five-ring - VC √ 0.3(1) 0.5(1) 0.5(2) 2.0(6) 0.5(3) Ypthima baldus Straight Five-ring - C 0.3(2) 0.8(5) Ypthima lisandra

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Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 GR/ FSW/ Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MA MW NS CS SH OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2 SWG SecW 2011) Small Three-ring LC VR √ 0.2(1) Ypthima norma Common Mime - C 0.5(2) √ 0.3(1) Chilasa clytia Tailed Jay - C 0.8(2) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Graphium agamemnon Common Jay - C 0.2(1) √ 0.2(1) 0.7(2) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Graphium doson Common Bluebottle - VC 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 2.2(9) 1.8(5) 0.7(2) 0.3(2) Graphium sarpedon Chinese Peacock - C 0.5(1) 1.3(3) 0.3(2) 0.5(2) Papilio bianor Lime Butterfly - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.5(2) Papilio demoleus Red Helen - VC 0.2(1) 0.3(1) 0.7(2) 1.0(4) 0.3(1) Papilio helenus Great Mormon - VC 0.2(1) 0.2(1) √ √ 0.2(1) 1.5(3) 2.3(5) √ 1.5(6) 0.5(3) Papilio memnon Paris Peacock - VC √ 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.3(2) 1.3(2) 0.5(2) 1.2(6) 0.3(2) 0.2(1) Papilio paris Common Mormon - VC 0.2(1) 0.2(1) √ 0.3(2) 0.2(1) 0.3(1) 5.8(7) 7.2(13) 0.3(2) 3.3(12) 2.3(6) 0.2(1) 0.5(3) Papilio polytes Spangle - VC 0.5(1) Papilio protenor Swallowtail - R 0.2(1) √ Papilio xuthus Five-bar Swordtail - C 0.2(1) 0.3(1) 0.3(1) Pathysa antiphates Lemon Emigrant 4.2 - C 0.8(5) 0.5(2) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.5(3) 0.5(2) 0.8(2) 1.3(3) 1.0(4) 0.7(2) Catopsilia pomona (12) Mottled Emigrant - VC 0.2(1) 1.0(4) √ 0.7(4) 1.3(8) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.3(1) 2.0(10) 0.2(1) Catopsilia pyranthe Grass Yellow Species LC^ - (1) Euerma sp. Three-spot Grass Yellow - C 0.2(1) 0.3(2) 0.2(1) 2.0(6) 0.8(5) Eurema blanda Common Grass Yellow 7.8 1.7 - VC 0.2(1) 1.7(9) 0.3(2) √ 2.5(12) 1.3(8) 0.3(2) 1.3(4) 6.3(12) √ 6.2(12) 3.2(5) Eurema hecabe (15) (10) Red-base Jezebel - VC 0.5(3) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) (1) Delias pasithoe Great Orange Tip - C √ √ 0.2(1) Hebomoia glaucippe Indian Cabbage White 21.5 - VC 0.3(10) √ 3.7(20) 0.5(3) 0.3(1) 1.0(6) 0.7(3) 2.3(7) 3.8(8) 0.3(2) 0.3(2) Pieris canidia (100) Small Cabbage White - R 0.2(1)

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Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 GR/ FSW/ Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MA MW NS CS SH OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2 SWG SecW 2011) Pieris rapae Total number of butterfly species recorded 17 22 5 20 6 11 9 19 51 49 6 34 27 18 4 Note: 1. Conservation Status by Fellowes et al. (2002): LC = Local Concern. 2. Hong Kong Status by Chan et al. (2011): VR = Very Rare; R = Rare; UC = Uncommon; C = Common; VC = Very Common. 3. Habitats: WA = Wet Agricultural Land; DA = Dry Agricultural Land; PO = Pond; MA = Marsh; MW = Mitigation Wetland; NS = Natural Watercourse; CS = Channelised Watercourse; GR/SWG = Grassland/Seasonally Wet Grassland; SH = Shrubland; FSW/SecW = Fung Shui Wood/Secondary Woodland; OR = Orchard; PL/MP = Plantation/Mitigation Plantation; VA = Village Area; WG = Waste Ground; UR = Urban/Residential Area. No records from the habitat types not listed. Butterflies recorded in Long Valley were ascribed to the element of the Long Valley habitat mosaic in which they were found. Key: Numbers in brackets represent the maximum number recorded. Mean not relevant for observations during further surveys. √ = Observed but not during transect surveys. # = Larvae recorded. * = Common Dart Potanthus pseudomaesa is of Local Concern (Fellowes et al., 2002) ^ = Small Grass Yellow Eurema brigitta is of Local Concern (Fellowes et al., 2002)

Appendix 13.7.3. Mean and maximum numbers of butterflies recorded in systematic surveys in the Fanling North NDA and observations during further surveys for this study (where no means is shown, observations are from the further surveys.) Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MW NS CS SWG LG UG GR/SH SecW OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2011)2 Bush Hopper - UC √ √ Ampittia dioscorides Banana Skipper - UC 0.7(4) Erionota torus Unidentified Swift - - (1) Conjoined Swift - R 0.2(1) Pelopidas conjunctus Small Branded Swift - UC 0.3(2) Pelopidas mathias Contiguous Swift - C 0.2(1) Polytremis lubricans Pale Palm Dart LC R 0.2(1) Telicota colon Chestnut Angle - C 0.2(1) Odontoptilum angulatum Common Hedge Blue - C (2) Acytolepis puspa Gram Blue - UC 0.3(2) Euchrysops cnejus Tailed Cupid - C 0.2(1) Everes lacturnus

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Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MW NS CS SWG LG UG GR/SH SecW OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2011)2 Long-tailed Blue - C 0.2(2) Lampides boeticus Pale Grass Blue - VC 5.2(20) (3) (2) 0.2(20) (7) (2) (5) (2) (2) 0.2(9) 0.8(5) 0.7(3) Pseudozizeeria maha Long-banded Silverline - C √ Spindasis lohita Plum Judy - VC (1) 0.5(30) Abisara echerius Punchinello - C 0.2(1) Zemeros flegyas Large Faun - C (1) (1) (2) Faunis eumeus Blue-spotted Crow - VC 0.2(1) Euploea midamus Ceylon Blue Glassy Tiger - VC (1) (1) Ideopsis similis Angled Castor - C 0.3(1) 0.2(1) √ √ √ Ariadne ariadne Colour Sergeant - C √ Athyma nefte Rustic - VC 0.2(1) Cupha erymanthis Common Mapwing - C (2) (1) Cyrestis thyodamas White-edged Blue Baron - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Euthalia phemius Red-ring Skirt - C √ (1) (2) √ Hestina assimilis Great Egg-fly - C 0.8(2) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) √ 0.2(1) 0.8(4) 0.7(2) 0.2(1) Hypolimnas bolina Peacock Pansy - C 0.3(2) (1) Junonia almana Grey Pansy - C 0.2(1) 0.2(1) Junonia atlites Lemon Pansy - C 0.2(1) Junonia lemonias Commander LC VR 0.2(1) Moduza procris Common Sailer - VC 0.2(1) 0.5(2) 0.2(1) √ (2) (1) 0.7(4) 0.3(2) Neptis hylas Common Palmfly - C 0.2(1) Elymnias hypermnestra Banded Tree Brown - C (3) (2) 0.2(1) Lethe confusa Dark Evening Brown - UC (2) (3) (1) (1)

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Hong Kong Habitat Type3 Conservation Status Species 1 Status (Chan et al. WA DA PO MW NS CS SWG LG UG GR/SH SecW OR PL/MP VA WG UR 2011)2 Melanitis phedima Dark-brand Bush Brown - VC 0.5(3) (2) √ (1) 0.3(3) (1) 0.3(1) Mycalesis mineus Common Five-ring - VC (1) (1) √ (1) (2) 0.2(2) Ypthima baldus Common Mime - C 0.2(1) Chilasa clytia Tailed Jay - C 0.2(1) Graphium agamemnon Common Jay - C (10) Graphium doson Common Bluebottle - VC (1) 0.2(1) Graphium sarpedon Lime Butterfly - C 0.2(1) Papilio demoleus Red Helen - VC (2) (2) (1) Papilio helenus Great Mormon - VC 0.2(1) (1) (4) 0.2(1) Papilio memnon Paris Peacock - VC (1) √ √ (1) (3) Papilio paris Common Mormon - VC 0.2(1) 0.5(2) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) 0.2(1) (1) (1) (3) (5) 0.2(1) 1.5(5) 0.2(1) 0.3(1) (1) Papilio polytes Spangle - VC 0.2(1) (1) Papilio protenor Lemon Emigrant - C √ √ 4.3(16) (1) 1.8(11) Catopsilia pomona Grass Yellow Species LC^ - (1) Euerma sp. Common Grass Yellow - VC 0.3(2) 0.8(5) 2.5(10) 0.5(2) (10) (1) (2) (1) 11.2(39) 2.2(10) (4) Eurema hecabe Common Gull - C 0.2(1) Cepora nerissa Red-base Jezebel - VC (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (2) (11) (5) (10) (12) (1) Delias pasithoe

Great Orange Tip - C 0.2(1) Hebomoia glaucippe Indian Cabbage White - VC 3.0(10) 8.8(20) (2) 1.7(10) 0.3(2) (24) (4) (19) (8) (6) 0.2(2) 2.2(21) (15) 1.3(5) (1) Pieris canidia Total number of butterfly species recorded 4 15 7 11 12 19 4 9 5 3 17 8 28 6 18 6 Note: 1. Conservation Status by Fellowes et al. (2002): LC = Local Concern. 2. Hong Kong Status by Chan et al. (2011): VR = Very Rare; R = Rare; UC = Uncommon; C = Common; VC = Very Common.

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3. Habitats: WA = Wet Agricultural Land; DA = Dry Agricultural Land; PO = Pond; MW = Mitigation Wetland; NS = Natural Watercourse; CS = Channelised Watercourse; SWG = Seasonally Wet Grassland; LG = Lowland Grassland; UG = Upland Grassland; GR/SH = Grassland/ Shrubland; SecW = Secondary Woodland; OR = Orchard; PL/MP = Plantation/Mitigation Plantation; VA = Village Area; WG = Waste Ground; UR = Urban/Residential Area. No records from the habitat types not listed. Key: Numbers in bracket represent the maximum number recorded. Mean not relevant for observations during further surveys. √ = Observed but not during transect surveys. ^ = Small Grass Yellow Eurema brigitta is of Local Concern (Fellowes et al., 2002)

Appendix 13.7.4. Species listed by Bascombe (1993) but not recorded in the subsequent surveys in the Study Area. Species Conservation and Protection Status1 Hong Kong Status2 Habitat Utilised3 Colon Swift - Very Rare (not stated) Caltoris bromus Dark Swift - Rare Bamboo groves Caltoris cahira Dark Brown Ace Local Concern Very Rare Bamboo groves; very rare with scattered records Halpe porus Little Branded Swift - Uncommon Open grasslands, shrublands, abandoned fields Pelopidas anga Common Dart Local Concern Rare Abandoned fields, grasslands Potanthus pseudomassa Lesser Band Dart - Rare Abandoned fields, grasslands Potanthus trachala Hainan Palm Dart Local Concern Very Rare Abandoned exposed grasslands, shrublands Telicota besta White-banded Flat - Rare Well-vegetated areas Gerosis phisara Water Snow Flat - Common Woodlands Tagiades litigiosus Lesser Forest Blue Local Concern Rare Bamboo groves (with aphids infestation) Taraka hamada Forget-me-not - Very Rare Near shrubs, wastelands Catochrysops strabo Small Grass Blue - Uncommon Hillside grasslands, abandoned agricultural fields Famegana alsulus Cornelian - Rare Woodlands, near orchards Deudorix epijarbas Brown Onyx Information of the habitat utilisation is limited; no local sighting for many Local Concern Very Rare Horaga albimacula years Club Silverline - Uncommon Woodland edge, near shrubs

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Species Conservation and Protection Status1 Hong Kong Status2 Habitat Utilised3 Spindasis syama ^ Common Pierrot Local Concern - Coastal shrublands, wastelands; absent in Hong Kong for many years Castalius rosimon Common Duffer - Uncommon Near bamboo groves Discophora sondaica Blue Tiger - Common Woodside areas; males sip the nectar of trailside Ageratum conyzoides Tirumala limniace Blue Pansy - Uncommon Dry grassland; more common in fall Junonia orithya Common Lascar - Uncommon Woodside, shaded areas Pantoporia hordonia Vagrant Local Concern Very Rare Forests, woodland edge; very rare in Hong Kong Vagrans egista ^ Common Tree Brown - Uncommon Woodland edge Lethe rohria South China Bush Brown - Common Shaded areas Mycalesis zonata Muirhead’s Labyrinth - Uncommon Woodland areas, bamboo groves Neope muirheadii Common Rose Shrublands, woodlands, near host plants (Aristolochia fordiana and - Rare Pachliopta aristolochiae Aristolochia tagala) of the caterpillar Common Birdwing Cap.170, Appendix II in CITES Uncommon Near the host plants (Aristolochia tagala) of its larvae Troides helena ^ # Small Grass Yellow Near shrubs, abandoned agricultural lands (stay close to host plant Local Concern Rare Eurema brigitta Cassia mimosoides) Note: 1. Conservation and Protection Status refers to Cap. 170 Wild Animals Protection Ordinance, UNEP-WCMC (2012) and Fellowes et al. (2002). 2. Hong Kong Status refers to Chan et al. (2011). 3. Sources: a. Lo. P.Y.F., Hui. W.L. 2010. Hong Kong Butterflies. Friends of the Country Parks and Cosmos Books Ltd. Hong Kong. b. AFCD. 2013. Hong Kong Biodiversity Database. Available at http://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/conservation/hkbiodiversity/database/search.asp. Accessed in March 2013. Key: ^ = Records listed in Maunsell (1997)/ Maunsell (2003) but no record from Study Area found in HKU Biodiversity Database and/or listed by Maunsell (1997)/Maunsell (2003) as only from Beas River. # = The larval food plant Aristolochia tagala has not been found in the Study Area.

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