June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19961 PROGRAM before the Senate, I move, in accordance To be general with the previous order, that the Senate M r. ROBERT C. BYRD. M r. Presi- Lt. Gen. Sam Sims Walker, xxx-xx-xxxx , stand in recess until the hour of 9:30 A rmy of the United States (major general, dent, the Senate will come in tomorrow tomorrow morning. U.S. Army). at 9:30 a.m. A fter the prayer and the The motion was agreed to; and at 7:25 The following-named officer under the pro- approval of the reading of the Journal, p.m. the Senate recessed until tomorrow, the Senate will resume the consideration visions of title 10, United States Code, section Tuesday, June 21, 1977, at 9:30 a.m. 3066, to be assigned to a position of impor- of the mine safety bill, S. 717, which, in tance and responsibility designated by the effect, vitiates the special orders entered P resident under subsection (a) of section for tomorrow for the recognition of Sen- NOMINATIONS 3066, in grade as follows: ators, at which time the Senator from Utah (Mr. HATCH) will be recognized to Executive nominations received by the To be lieutenant general Senate June 20, 1977: call up his amendment. Maj. Gen. Thomas Howard Tackaberry, xxx... There will be rollcall votes during the DEPARTMENT OF STATE xxx-xx-x... , U.S. Army. day and throughout the day, and, ac- William V. Shannon, of the District of cording to the agreement, the final vote Columbia, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of will occur not later than 8 o'clock p.m. America to Ireland. CONFIRMATION I hope that the final vote will occur con- Leonard Woodcock, of M ichigan, for the Executive nomination confirmed by the siderably before that. I am hopeful that rank of Ambassador during the tenure of his the Senate can transact some other busi- service as Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office at Senate June 20, 1977: ness before going out tomorrow, inas- Peking, People's Republic of China. APPALACHIAN REGIONAL COMMISSION much as we have a very heavy workload IN THE ARMY Robert Walter Scott, of North Carolina, to ahead of us. The following-named officer under the pro- be Federal Cochairman of the Appalachian visions of title 10, United States Code, sec- Regional Commission. RECESS UNTIL 9:30 A.M. tion 3066, to be assigned to a position of The above nomination was approved sub- importance and responsibility designated by ject to the nominee's commitment to respond Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, the President under subsection (a) of section to requests to appear and testify before any if there be no further business to come 3066, in grade as follows: duly constituted committee of the Senate.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL CONFER- tion, I ask unanimous consent that Mr. I have served alm ost 16 years with the ENCE SERVES AS MODEL FOR NA- H erbst's rem arks be printed in the Department of Natural R esources, the last TIONAL SYSTEM RECORD. six years as Commissioner. We did many things in M innesota of which I am very There being no objection, the remarks proud. But none have given more satisfac- HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, tion than our accom plishm ents w ith the as follows: Minnesota Trails System. OF WEST VIRGINIA T H E A PPA LA CH IA N T R A IL—A M O DE L FO R A That system now totals more than 7,500 IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL TRAILS SYSTEM miles of land trails, and 16 boating rivers, Mon day, J u n e 2 0 , 1 9 7 7 (By Robert L. Herbst) 4 designated scenic rivers, certainly one of the m ajor state efforts anyw here in the Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, it was It is good to be here this afternoon. nation. As a relatively new bureaucrat in D.C., it We built trails for hikers, for bikers, for my privilege to attend the 52d meeting is a real relief to get out of my suit; have of the Appalachian Trail Conference, cross-country skiers and for horseback riders. hiked a little on the Trail this morning; and A figure that is much more significant to and to introduce Assistant Secretary of to be among friends who, I know, share with the Interior R obert L. H erbst to the me than the total mileage of all these trails me the ethic of conservation of our priceless is the fact that three quarters of M innesota's more than 800 delegates in attendance. natural and man-made heritage. total population of four million people are The meetings were held at Shepherd Col- In preparing these remarks, I have been using those trails. doing som e thinking about trails. A bout lege, at Shepherdstown, W. Va., on May A nd, in another area of interest, in the 28. where they are, why they are, why people like to w alk on them and w hy there are past four years the state's recreational trail The A ppalachian Trail Conference those willing to devote countless hours of budget has increased from $1.6 million a was founded in 1925. It numbers over their time, and a substantial percentage of biennium in 1972 to more than $5.8 million 10,000 individual members and 63 clubs their income, to preserve and protect trails. in 1976 and a budget request this session of with a total membership of more than While I have concluded that there are no $18 million. And that's putting your money 70,000. These members share the respon- final answers to all these questions, I believe where your heart is. sibility of maintaining the trail and its that there is definitely something special But m ore im portantly, there are now a about trails that touches some of mankind's total of 165 local trail clubs in the state environment in its natural state. The most basic feelings and instincts. working on trail development and mainte- conference is a private, nonprofit con- While it is entirely possible—and proper— nance—often with state funding assistance. servation corporation headquartered at to think about trails in a very mystical way, And I speak, too, as one w ho looks at Harpers Ferry. I believe my analysis is basically that of a trails, not only as a professional forester Theme this year was "Building on a professional. and public adm inistrator, but as one who Vision." It is the mission of the confer- I've had the good fortune to have spent has, himself, been enriched by many wonder- ence to coordinate volunteer efforts in 24 years now in the conservation field. I have ful hours spent on the trail. M y hom e in protecting and improving the 2,000-mile- a degree of forestry and wildlife manage- Minneapolis is on the bluff of the Minnesota ment, and I've worked in private enterprise, R iver and I have a 75 mile trail at the base long trail, which is the longest facility of my back yard which I hike often. of its type in the world, stretching from for the Federal government and for a state governm ent, taught at the U niversity of O ne of the first things I did when I came Maine to Georgia. M innesota and worked for nonprofit con- to Washington was to ask for an update on M r. Herbst, A ssistant Secretary for servation organizations at the local and at the National Trails System. Let me tell you Interior's Fish, Wildlife and Parks Divi- the national level. what I found: sion, has a notable career in conserva- Until I came to Washington a few months (1) To date, there have been 110 national tion, and extensive experience in the ago, I was Com m issioner of Natural R e- recreation trails designated by Secretaries of protection and management of the Na- sources for the State of M innesota. This is Interior and Agriculture. These trails repre- tion's natural resources. one of the larger state conservation agencies, sent an excellent variety of trails serving and I'm proud to believe that M innesota has many different recreational needs, including H is hope for an ever-ex panding long been a leader in the conservation move- natural, historic and cultural, m ountain, national system of Federal and State ment. desert, riverside, foot, horseback, snowmobile, hiking trails—both in rural and in urban The Natural Resources Department in that bicycle and trail bike. settings—is an inspiring one for the fu- state manages eight and a quarter million (2) I am particularly pleased to note the ture recreational benefit of A m ericans. acres of state land and four and a third development of trails that can be used by T h a t o th ers m a y sh a re h is o utlo o k o n million acres of public waters, in addition our handicapped citizens. These people too this healthful form of outdoor recrea- to some 10 million acres of mineral holdings. often are isolatedefrom much of the natural 19962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 world by the thoughtlessness of the rest of If we are successful-and I am confident understanding that volunteer support is es­ us. we wm b~this mid-west regiona.l trail sential to the existence of the Trail and that ( S) We have been adding trails to the rec­ councll will serve as a pUot for slmllar re­ publlc loyalty to the Trail depends in large reational trans system at a rate of about 25 gional counclls across the nation. part on its remaining a high-quality hiking a year. That's not bad, but I don't think it 1s As a complementary effort, the BOR will route. We wlll get very Uttle active support good enough. soon undertake an effort to determine the for a memory. (4) Last year, the National Trails System scope of th9 National Trails Systems. In other I would like to give you some of my Act was amended to authorize eight new words, we need to know better how many thoughs on the Federal responsibllity toward trall studies. However, these studies have not trails are appropria-te for such a system, how the Appalachian Trail. been started for the simple fact that no they will be lientifled, developed and op­ The Federal gove~ent has an obllgation money has been appropriated to conduct erated. to support trails for the same reason it sup­ them. This study is similar to the effort now un­ ports parks. It 1s because they represent some (5) However, that picture is changing. A derway to define the scope of the National of the finest of our natural-heritage, and we recent supplemental· appropriations bill pro­ Wild and Scenic Rivers System. have long accepted a role in preserving that vides $100,000 to study the Bartram Trall. All of these developments are-or can be­ heritage for present and future generations. It is, of course, disappointing to note that o:tcouraging because their end-result wm be Trails represent personal experiences in next year this act w1ll be 10 years old and to have more trails in existence for more peo­ physical and mental restoration. They give us that many of its initial provisions have not ple to use. access to the natural world from which we yet been completed. We must expand the avaUa.blllty of trall all have come. They remind us once again However, it 1s encouraging that our Presi­ opportunities. that we all are a part of life and what we do dent's Environmental Message thls past I'm sure most of you here can -cite at least determines the quality of our lives and the Monday mentioned the establishment of one trail that you know something about that lives of our children.· three new scenic trans• and a new category i& too heavily travelled for its own good. The Trails teach us many things of our history of National Historic Trail. These three new Appalachian Trail is one example. That situa­ and our culture. They help us to under­ Trails wm add 7,174 miles to our National tion will continue to get worse, instead of stand-in a very real and personal way­ Scenic Trall System for a total of 11,674 mlles. better, until there are substantbl new miles the llves and accomplishments of those who The studies of the 14 National Scenic Trails of alternative trails awaiting the hiker. created the American heritage we now enjoy. have moved slowly, but I am very hopeful I would like to turn now to the trail that Understanding our past, we are then better that we will have other initiatives very soon. we are here to talk &bout--the Appa-lachian able to plot our future. I'm pleased to flnd that there has been Trail. The title of my remarks--the Appa­ At one time in our past, trans had one considerably more progress on the develop­ lachian Trail: A Model for a National Trails function. To get people somewhere. They no System-refiect3 not so much a hope and a longer have that function except in terms ment of the National Recreational Trail Sys­ de3ire, as a fact. tem. These trails are basically urban oriented of personal goals. Anyone seeking the most The Appalachia.n Trail has existed as an purely emcient means to walking from Maine and, to restate the obvious, that is where the Idea for 56 years and as a legal, Federally­ people are. But my assessment has made to Georgia would certainly avoid most of the re~gntzed entity for nine. That is not a long Appalachian Trail. In fact, the most conven­ me consider that we must do more. period of time as ideas go, but it has been ient trail, by today's standards, 1s a loop I would urge everyone concerned to sub­ long enough for the trall to become the mit exemplary candidate trails for designa­ symbol-nationwide-worldwide-for a su­ Trail-one that goes in a circle. tion. On our part, I am directing the agen­ perior hiking experience. Accepting the fact that the Appalachian cies under my jurisdiction, the Bureau of Today it 1s threatened because of lack of Trail is a national resource, what must be Outdoor Recreation, the National Park Serv­ protection and over-use. We don't need to done to protect it? ice and the Fish and Wildlife Service, to in­ urge more public recognition of the trail. But I have come to four conclusions at which crease their efforts to Identify and nominate it i& obvious that there are many other areas I would like to direct your thinking: recreational trails. where changes must be made. I would like to ( 1) Subsequent dollars; We are initiating the trails study and the discuss a few of them with you today, even (2) Width of corridor; other seven just as soon as the money be­ though I know most of you know far more (3) Trail protection; comes available. about this trail than I do. (4) Ways of approaching planning and I would hope, too, that the states-all fifty The Trail was conceived-and properly so-­ maintenance; let. me approach them in re­ of them and the territories too--would step as a cooperative effort between the private verse order: up their trails programs by either establish­ citizen, the states and the Federal govern­ First, I want to work with you to establish ing a trails program, lf none exists, or extend ment. In all candor, I would have to say that e. new cooperative agreement. an existing program. These trail systems and only the private citlz m has come close to Any agreement for protecting the Appa­ plans should be an integral part of every carrying a fair share of the load. lachian Trail ln the future must be based statewide outdoor recreation plan. Some states have made a reasonable com­ upon the equal partnership of private cit­ I mentioned a moment ago the need for mitment of resources and time to the trail, izens, the Federal Government, and State trails in urban areas. Not all of us have others have not. The result of this, naturally, and local government, and private land own­ Grandma Gatewood's energy, enthusiasm is uneven and inadequate protection of the ers. and time, so we must confine most of our Trail. Too often in the past we have assumed that hilting to weekends and holidays. That means. The Federal government has been dis­ national recreation resources could only be we walk and hike close to home or where we tracted by many other problems--and has protected by Federal ownership and mainte­ work. We need more urban trails. disappointed many trail supporters ln the nance. This 1s not the case, nor should it be. And now, with the energy shortage loom­ size of its contribution to the effort. We must explore new ways for protecting ing ever closer, we also must have more and I can't change the past, but I do have an areas like the Appalachian Trial. I think un­ more of our recreational resources where they obligation to direct future activities, and I less we all have our labor, dollars, and heart can be reached by public transportation, or a assure you now that I feel that obligation into the program, we will lose loyalty and minimum consumption of gasoline. In fact, very strongly. respect for the integrity of the system. we ought to encourage the recreation pur­ In March of 1976, the Interior Committee This agreement must respect the fact that suit.<: that are of themselves low energy con­ certain land uses such as farming and tim­ sumers. of the House of Representatives held an over­ sight hearing on the National Trails System ber are in fact compatible and exciting di­ Around ma.ny of our cities, there are aban­ Act. Much of the testimony at that hearing mensions of a trail. The Appalachian Trail doned railroad rights-of-way, undeveloped has clearly shown this. It 1s a trail that goes flood. plains and utility corridors which are centered around the Appalachian Trall. Many things came from that hearing. To through farmlands, through timberlands, aU but ready-made traUlocations. I hope that through communities, small and large. It 1s many more of these locations can be included me, the most important was the statement­ and I quote-that ". . . there should be a a trail that builds upon all of thel'e to pro­ tn our urban trail systems. vide an experience unique around the world. Another development which shows real clear understanding that the ultimate re­ sponsiblllty to maintain the integrity of the You, as the private citizens, have done promise for an expanded national trail net­ your share and I ask that you continue to be work is a pllot program with the National trail route rests with the Federal govern­ ment." the very heart and soul of the maintenance Trails Council, flve mid-western states and and continued protection of the Appalachian the Bureau of Outdoor Re~reation to estab­ This Administration accepts that responsi­ bility! Trail. lish a regional trails council. To implement this cooperative suoport by Obviously, trails are determined by the lay This is a responsiblllty that keeps growing. the states, I and my staff w1ll meet with any of the land, not a politically determined state trying vainly to keep up with escalating land State Governor and omcial during the next boundary. The flve states of Minnesota, values which have gone up at least ten-fold few months to encourage State action to pro­ Michigan, Illinois, Indiana and Wisconsin since the act was passed. tect those areas of the Trail that you have will work to coordinate their tra.n efforts so This is a responsibility which notes that identlfted as essential to the Trail experience. that citizens from all states will have more the Trail is already fragmented and that re­ The cooperative agreement must also cover and better trail opportunities. establishment ln desirable locations can be maintenance. We will no lon~er take away accomplished only if we act in the very near sections of trail from private citizen mainte­ •continental Divide; Potomac Heritage; future. nance and put them under public mainte­ and North Country. • But first, my responsibility begins with an nance. When the private citizens provide June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19963

cost-free or low cost maintenance to the pub­ To begin this e!fort. I placed on the Sec­ sees beyond the Immediate and the tempo­ He as you are doing, that is Important and retary's desk yesterday two state applica­ rary. It takes into consideration not only our significant--and we wlll support you. tions, the first for New Jersey for $400,000 of own generation but future generations as In some cases, of course, you may want us the Secretary's Fund to be matched by $400,- well. It recognizes the rights of people who to provide additional assistance and in those 000 of State dollars; and the second applica­ are not yet born, citizens who will inherit areas we have programs for youth employ­ tion for $140,000 that WUl also be doubled this land a thousand years from now. It ment and limited dollars. several maintain­ by New York State matching. This ts the reminds us that they too have the right to ing clubs have themselves contracted with equivalent of one million, eighty thous9.Ild enjoy what we enjoy, to profit from the same these youth employment programs to bring dollal'S worth of tzau protection in these two things, to be inspired by them as we are these young people into the Trall environ­ states. I congratulate you! II inspired, and to love them as we love them ment. But any effort of this type to bring 1n By looking at a total plan for the main­ today. Conservation is designed to preserve other resources to maintain and protect the tenance and day-to-day protection of the the riches of the earth for human happiness Trail must depend upon the planned-for Trail through whatever means seems reason­ and welfare through the end of time." maintenance that 1s prepared at each State able, you have my commitment that we will level by you working with S1;ate omctals, the seek the funds-be they Federal or match­ Park Service and private land owner. ing-needed to protect the area that we We are now working with the Conference, jointly work together to establish as that FEELINGS ABOUT FOREIGN AID your clubs in Massachusetts and the State needed to protect the Trail experience. government to develop the model for this Using this approach, that is, in summary, cooperative agreement. 1) continued rellance on you to protect and HON. C. W. BILL YOUNG Second, we must explore new ways of maintain the Trail, 2) the active, aggressive protecting the Trail. In the past we have as­ support of State governments in helping to OF FLOlUDA sumed this is through fee-simple ownership put together the management plans, and 3) IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES the willlngness to seek the financial support by the Federal government or by State gov­ Monday. June 20, 1977 ernment. Now, we are reaUZing that we and innovative approaches to legal agree­ must explore new alternatives. Many of the ments to support that protection of the Mr. YOUNG of Florida. Mr. Speaker, I clubs in the Conference have already worked Trail, it is my objective that we will be able would like to ask a question of my col­ through easements, lease-back agreements. to protect at least 300 mlles of the Trail's 600 unprotected miles now listed as the most leagues which cannot help but give them and other approaches to providing an op­ cause for thought and careful considera­ portunity for hiking while protecting other threatened by your next meeting ln 1979. uses that exist on the Trail. We are ready I believe this is to be a re3.Sonable goal. I be­ tion. The question is: How do your and wtlling to use the authority to condemn Ueve this for two reasons: constituents feel about our foreign aid land should there be no action on the part First. I know that the Admlnlstration in program? For most of us, the answer will of the States to protect the area identified Washington is committed to the preservation be that mainly, since they have had no as that needed for the Trail environment. of our natural heritage and is wllllng to take recourse anyway, they have reluctantly By the way, on Tuesday I will send a copy the steps necessary to carry out that com­ mitment. accepted it up to now, and that they hope of this speech to each St!l.te Governor and that it w111 be better managed in the Appalachian Trall Coordinator so that when It has been a real privilege for me to have you return. to work with them, they also will been invited to join the team assembled at future. The American people are looking have had a chance to review my comments. the Department of Interior by a dynamic to us, Mr. Speaker, to exercise control But, we wlll work towards a new apprecia­ conservationist, Secretary Cecll Andrus. over this very unwieldly program, and we tion for other approaches to protecting the And, 1n my relationships with other bu­ must accept that awesome responsibility Trail experience. And I repeat again, that reaus and agencies in the Carter Administra­ and act on it. tion, I have felt an equal commitment to it wlll be up to you, the private citizen The opportunity to do just that w111 be volunteers to continue to work with the preserve the quality of llfe in America. I be­ States and local governments in coopera­ neve also that in addition to the many dedi­ before us very shortly. The foreign as­ tion with private landownen; and the Park cated employees of Interior, we are assem­ sistance appropriations bill is scheduled Service to devise those management plans bling an excellent team of professional ad­ before the House on Wednesday, June 22, and the best approach to protecting those ministrators and policy makers. For example, 1977. As ranking minority member of the areas. your own Paul Pritchard. Foreign Operations Subcommittee of the Third, we have come to reallze that while You people in front of me today are the second reason I believe this effort wlll suc­ Appropriations Committee, I have spent the Federal authorization gives us the pow­ a great deal of time studying the details er to condemn an average width of 200 feet ceed. in any one mile, this is not sumcient to pro­ You are people who have ideas and the of ~ bill. There are items in the bill, tect the Trail experience as I saw this morn­ courage and convictions to back your ideals which I feel are very worthwhile, and in ing with development, dumping and other with action. the best interest of our Nation, and which encroachments. The study that was con­ We in government can support you tn I am certain the American people will be ducted in Pennslyvanla through the coopera­ many ways. We can do many things to make happy to support. There are, however, tive efforts of Pennslyvan1a Sta.te University, our shared dreams a reality. But the key element of success is 1n our hands--or more more aspects of the bill which I feel are the State government, the Park Service and not representative of the goals and values the Conference suggested a corridor of 1,000 properly-in your commitment. feet. I personally feel that this proposal is With your involvement and your hard work of the United States, and which I believe, worthy of the fullest consideration and that and powers of persuasion, we wtll not fall. if fully understood, the people of our the width should probably by wider than Without these things we cannot succeed. country would resist strongly. 2001 I pledge to you that I will explore it Can I conclude this afternoon with my I call attention to the minority views seriously, and make recommendations on philosophy of conservation: which accompany the report on this bill, the matter to the Secretary of the Interior, STEWARDSHIP-BY ROBERT HATCH Mr. Speaker, for the careful considera­ Cecil Andrus, shortly. ·'The earth is the Lord's, says the Psalmist tion of our colleagues so they may review You, the private citizens, working with and all that therein is. The traceless forests, in in­ the National Park Service, the state gov­ the rivers that wind across our continent, the the facts detail before casting their ernments and private landowners must help marshlands, the prairle and the deserts, all formed vote on the foreign assistance establish the dimensions of the corridor, were made by Him. Man did not create the appropriations bill on Wednesday. The based upon the best available natural re­ riches that are spread before hlm. All of views are lengthy, but our foreign aid source information. these have been loaned to him as a trust. program is extremely complex, and in For our part, by December of this year None of it really belongs to him. H1s days are view of the size of the appropriation be­ we will be able to provide on a State by as grass and when the span of his life is over, ing considered, $7,046,454,000, surely the St!l.te basis all the basic data needed to de­ he is the owner of nothing on earth. For a time spent to absorb this information is termine the land acquisition areas should we time, he is called to be a steward of the not only justified, in spite of our busy need to go for total land acquisition. We wUl riches of the earth, leaving them as goodly be able to determine at that ttme how much inheritance to his children. He is given schedules, but mandatory when we con­ additional money we should request for an dominion over the works of his Creator, but sider that these dollars come from the increased authorization to protect the Ap­ such dominion is a frightening responsibility. pockets of the people we represent. palachian Trail. We had a $5 million au­ One look at a dustbowl or at a poisoned After these views have been studied, stream or at a landscape blackened by fire thorization in 1968. I am going to recom­ Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to con­ mend a much larger sum for the coming shows how grave the responsibility can be. year. The Park Service staff has tentatively "Conservation teaches the principle of wise sider three very important questions. recommended $35 million. This is a hard stewardship. It counsels foresight in place In spite of historical precedent, does it lesson for inaction: that it takes m!W.y more of selfishness, vision 1n place of greed, rever­ seem wise for our country to continue to dollars today to buy what we could have ence in place of destructiveness. Conservation invest taxpayer dollars in programs over protected for $5 mllllon in 1968. involves concern for other generations. It which we have very little control? CXXITI-1256-Part 16 19964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 Are we justified in supporting, :finan­ pursuit of happiness. As members of a panded the supply and displaced fuels that cially, any organization which supplies country that has enjoyed freedom from were far more expensive than natural gas. In 1975 the interstate pipelines serving the money to countries which are clearly oppression for two centuries, we should Northeast were 15% empty due to the short­ hostile to the United States? And, not and must not forget the importance age of natural gas caused by FPC price regu­ am I justified in voting to expend tax­ of those human rights to our forefathers. lation. While unused pipeline is by no means payer dollars for programs that I am Nor here today, we cannot nor should not a total measure of the real shortage of nat­ certain, my constituents object to very ignore the oppression of those rights in ural gas, . lt 1s interesting to look at what strongly? When these questions have countries such as Lithuania. To ignore this one manifestatio~ of the shortage cost been answered conscientiously, by every the Lithuanians' future is to ignore our the consumer. Member of this body, Mr. Speaker, I be­ past. · The 15 percent of unused pipeline cost $1 billion in added overhead on delivered lieve that we will be able to make the gas. Consumers not lucky enough to get necessary changes in this foreign assist­ gas made up for the 15 percent shortage by ance appropriations bill, that wiD make DECONTROL OF NATURAL GAS WILL buying substitutes, and paid as much for it possible for every American to support BENEFIT THE CONSUMER alternative fuels to make up for the short­ rather than oppose. age as they paid for the 85 percent of the gas that was delivered. HON. JACK F. KEMP The possibllity that the consumer may OJ' NEW YORK have actually lost by regulation 1s ampli­ A TRmUTE TO LITHUANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fied by the fact that wellhead prices of nat­ ural gas represent only a fraction of the Monday, June 20, 1977 price of natural gas paid at the point of con­ HON. MARTY RUSSO sumption. This is especially significant in Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the following the Northeast, where 81 percent of the resi­ OJ' ILLINOIS article by Prof. W. Philip Gramm of dential gas bill is for pipeline and distribu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Texas A. & M. University points out the tion costs, and where doubling wellhead Monday, June 20, 1977 fallacies of natural gas controls and prices causes only a 20 percent increase in shows that the consumer will indeed be point of use cost. Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Speaker, today it is the ones to benefit from the deregula­ Given government regulation of interstate an honor for me to have the opportunity tion of natural gas, by eliminating short­ pipelines, guaranteeing the pipelines a fixed to publicly support the courageous spirit ages and making further reliance upon return on investment, any falloff in natural and acknowledge along with Lithuanian/ more expensive alternatives unnecessary. gas production and sales n1eans a rise in the Americans, the plight of a tiny, but deter­ portion of the pipeline overhead that has The article follows: to be borne by each unit of gas delivered. mined country-Lithuania. [From the Wall Street Journal, Apr. 15, 1977] Zinder and Associates have estimated in On June 15, we sadly marked the 37th FPC REGULATION OF NATURAL GAS PENALIZES a report filed with the FPC that if the 52- anniversary of the forcible invasion of CoNsuMER cent price ceiling has been retained by the Lithuania in 1940 by Soviet armed forces; ( By W. Phlllp Gramm) FPC the interstate pipelines would be 45 an invasion that so violated human percent empty in 1980. The average wellhead rights, that today, we shudder at the Much opposition to free market pricing of price would be 37 cents, the pipeline trans­ natural gas in interstate commerce is based portation cost would be $2.03 and the point mere thought of that event. Yet, the on the assumption that the interstate con­ people of Lithuania have not only sur­ of use cost to the consumer would be $2.40 sumer has benefited from Federal Power per-thousand-cubic-feet. The shortfall 1n vived under this Communist rule, but Commission regulation of natural gas prices. supply would have to be made up for with more remarkably, their love and deter­ Even those who favor deregulation often ac­ electricity, fuell oil, synthetic gas and im­ mination for freedom and liberty has cept the premise that the interstate buyer ported liquefied gas at over $4. endured. has benefited from FPC regulation, and argue By comparison, with a $2 new gas price that benefits to the nation of deregulation The Lithuanians have not accepted and a full pipeline, average wellhead price more than offset the cost to the consumer of would be $1.12 and the cost of pipeline trans­ oppression without resistance. Dissent interstate natural gas. portation would be $1.27. Cost at point of against the Communists has become a Yet economic theory and existing facts on way of life. It is an expression from the the availabllity of natural gas and the price consumption would be .$2.39, about the same of substitutes suggest that the consumer of as the estimated cost wtth 52 cents marginal heart and has become a symbolic link to prices and 55 percent ut1Uza.tion of the their heritage and a hope for their future. interstate natural gas may have in the past and almost certainly will in the future pay a pipeline. Dissent has been ever-present since that higher price for energy as a result of FPC However, the big di1ferential caused by infamous day in June 1940 when the So­ price fixing. regulation comes with the cost of the 5.89 viets trampled their beloved country. Two questions must be answered in order trillion cubic feet shortage of natural gas Resistance took the course of violence in to gauge the benefit from price controls: which would cost about $24 billion to re­ place with substitute fuels. a partisan war in which 50,000 brave What is the regulated price relative to the level that might have existed in the absence The intrastate price has generally fluc­ men and women lost their lives. Another tuated with market prices. With expansion 300,000 Lithuanians were deported to Si­ of regulation? And are adequate supplies available to meet existing demands, and, if in demand in 1972 and 1973, the unregu­ berian concentration camps and prisons not, what are the prices of substitutes? lated price of natural gas rose sharply; the to work and die, away from family and A review of natural gas supply under FPC ma.rginal price rose in Texas from· 75 cents homeland. Over the 3 7 years of Soviet regulation clearly indicates that during the in 1972 to a high of $2.20 in 1975. With the domination the road to freedom upon period of regulation natural gas production new price incentives drilling rigs came to which the dissenters have traveled, is for interstate sales has not kept pace with Texas from all over the country and even demand. In 1956, 58,000 gas wells were drllled. from Canada. In 1971 only 1.056 new gas littered with the suffering of their pred­ wells were drilled, but by 1975, 2,275 new ecessors, yet they continue. By 1971 the number dropped to 27,000. The number of natural gas producers dropped wells were completed. Expanded supply On August 1, 1975, the United States, from 18,000 in 1!156 to 4,000 in 1971. 'Ibe old drove average new prices down to $1.76. Russia, and 33 other nations signed the truths were still true: Water wets, fire burns, The Texas consumer had to pay more for Final Act in Helsinki. If I may for a and artificially low prices set by government gas but he got more gas at higher prices moment, I would like to cite a passage cause shortages. and it was still a bargain. Accordlng to FPC from that accord: This has forced potential interstate con­ price projections the free market price for natural gas in 1975 was 22 percent cheaper The participating states wlll respect human sumers of natural gas to find substitutes. The consumer in the nonproducing states than liquefied natural gas, 31 percent rights and fundamental freedoms, including cheaper than Alaska gas, 44 percent cheaper the freedom of thought, conscience, religion has bought fuel oil, liquefied gas from Al­ geria and synthetfc gas as substitutes for than coal gas and 46 percent cheaper than or belle!, without distinction as to race, sex, synthetic gas. language, or religion. natural gas and paid up to $5.39 per-thou­ sand-cubic-feet. There is no alternative fuel known or If this passage sounds somewhat In 1972, 89% of finislled petroleum prod­ planned in America today that 1s cheaper familiar to my colleagues, it may be be­ ucts imported in the U .8. consisted of fuel than the most expensive natural gas. As cause they remember our own pledge to oil and 46% of all petroleum imported, in­ PhUadelphia. Electric said of its soecial pur­ cluding crude, was fuel oil. In terms of BTU chase of 1.3 billion cubic feet of gas from human rights made over 200 years ago yield, fuel oil has on average in the 1970s the Southwest at a delivered price of $2.50, and this accord is a re:fiection of those sold at roughly twice the free market price of "It's a bargain, it's less than half the price ideals upon which our own fight for free­ natural gas. we're paying to make and buy supplemental dom from oppression was based; the in­ While deregulation would have driven up gas." alienable right to life, liberty, and the the price of natural gas, lt would have ex- There has never been a reputable study June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19965 of America's energy problems that did not For these reasons, I have introduced bryos were to appear on the TV screens of conclude that it was necessary to deregu• legislation which would exempt private the cyclamate-consuming masses. This con­ late natural gas prices on interstate sales facilities from Federal jurisdiction of the cern appeared to spring from a double­ to take any meaningful step toward meet­ standard in FDA on both test results and ing natural energy needs. A year ago, the Fair Labor Standards Act and return them to State jurisdiction. media pollcy. In the summer of 1969, !or ex­ Harris Poll showed that the American pub· ample, Dr. Verrett had produced a prelimi­ llc favored removal of controls on natural Although there are less than 100 in­ nary study of another suspect additive, mon­ gas prices by a margin of 51 percent to 17 patient private mental facilities across osodium glutamate (MSG), using only 180 perce-nt. the country, I feel that this legislation is eggs. Although she found no harmful efrects, The stringent opposition to deregulation in in the !ace of overwhelmlng public support necessary to avoid further reductions she emphasiZed that the test was in no way and hard evidence of national benefit testi­ the number of private facilities, and to conclusive. Nevertheless, PDA Commissioner fies to the degree of congressional ignorance call the attention of the Congress to the Herbert Ley rushed to Congress and balled and the degree to which special interest matter. the "exqu!slte, sensitive, new toxicological groups exert power far beyond their numbers. approach" that found MSG as sate as (old­ fashioned) apple pte. The cyclamate dalta, by WmSTLE-BLOWERS HALL OF FAME: contrast, came from a thorough investigation JACQUELINE VERRE'IT which used about 13,000 eggs and estab­ FAIR LABOR STANDARDS FOR PRI­ lished a deftnlte causal relationship between the chemical and embryo deformities. Yet VATE MENTAL INSIIIUIIONS HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER cyclamates remained. officially sate and no OF COLOJlADO one rushed to Congress-only to Dr. Ver­ rett's omce to head off public panic. HON. VIILLIAM L. ARMSTRONG IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF COLORADO Dr. Verrett withstood the pressure and Monday, June 20. 1977 proceeded with the NBC interview. "It's tax­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, last payers' money and taxpayers• research here," Monday, June 20, 1977 says the blocheml&t, ..so I belleve that the week I began a series of articles on Gov­ public 1s entitled to know about the results Mr. ARMSTRONG. Mr. Speaker, as ernment employees who have blown the espec1ally 1! you are careful not to over­ many of us know, often the ramifica­ whistle- on shady practices in the agen­ state the conclusions. I give the American tions of legislation appear years after cies for which they work. publlc credit for taklng information for Congress passes a bill and it becomes I shall continue today with the case of what it's worth. As far as I know, there was law. Dr. Jacqueline Verrett, a scientist at the no great publlc alarm about cyclamates. The As you may recall, in 197 4, Congress FDA. Dr. Verrett's tests on chicken em­ only great alarm took place in the .Secretary's passed amendments to the Fair Labor bryos first indicated the potential haz­ omce." Standards Act which e~-tended Federal ards of cyclamates. Indeed, there was some commotion In minimum wage regulations to State and Today's profile is excerpted from a Secretary Pinch's omce. He was soon visi~ local government employees. by Donald Kendall. president of the Pepsi­ Washington Monthly article by Taylor Cola Company and friend to President Nixon. At that time, a number of us ques­ Branch entitled "Courage Without Es­ tioned the constitutionality of this pro­ Having no doubt consumed large quantities teem: Profiles in Whistle-Blowing,. copy­ of his own cyclamate-laden soft drlnk. Ken­ vision of the bill . . . but it passed over righted May 1971: dall was perhaps concerned about his health such objections. Consequently, the Su­ JACQUELINB VZR.R!l'l"l' and in any case sought assurances from preme Court, in the National League of Unlike Lieutenant Pont, the vast majority higher authorities than Dr. Verrett that Cities case, voided such extensions. of potential whistle-blowers are most em­ the additive was as sate as MSG. Finch was In the meantime, a particular out­ phatically not seeking c:Uscharge from their also contacted by representatives of Abbott gr.owth of this situation has occurred in llvellhood. In fact, the lnhibitions of the Laboratories, the major producer of cycla­ the field of mental institutions and purse have probably caused more whistles to mates and a regular participant in health homes for the mentally retarded. be swallowed than any other single !actor, disasters. (The latest Abbott episode occur· As a result of the Fair Labor Stand­ with a specially crushing etrect on those hav­ red in March, when some of its intravenous ards amendments and the National ing famtlles and obUgations. The question of ftulds were recalled from hospitals upon dis­ League of Cities decision, private non­ survival against reprisals therefore assume• covery of contamination. According to Mor­ critical importance, and the most successfuJ ton MJ.ntz of The Washington Pod, a survey profit residential mental treatment cen­ publlc clarion in this regard has been Dr of 21 hospitals out of some 3,000 supplied ters find themselves penalized if they Jacqueline Verrett of Health. Education and by Abbott revealed 350 cases of blood polson­ pay patient workers nominal sum.s for Welfare's Food and Drug A~tration. ing-includlng nine fatal ones-connected work done as therapy. For a dozen years. Dr. Verrett has been With the ftulds.) According to the Department of La­ pumping chicken eggs full of molecular poly­ The upshot of the cyclamate revelations bor. a lengthy certification procedure is glots that are added to American food to was that the additive was removed from gen­ required for private facUlties to pay less make it look better, last longer, and-e.bove eral use on October 18, 1969-not on the than the minimum wage for patient all-cost less. A pioneer in the chick embryo bests of FDA data, but because of a won­ testing method !or food additives, biochemist drously coincidental discovery of bladder can­ work therapy programs. Verrett became cUsturbed when her tests Yet State institutions are totally ex­ cer etrects by Abbott. The effect upon Dr. showed that cyclamates caused ~rubstantlal. Verrett was that she was twice censured by empted from Federal regulations. grotesque deformities inside the eggs. She Secretary Finch !or unethical conduct. AlSO, As a result, a private and State insti­ began reporting these find1ngs through FDA during the period between her NBC appear­ tution in the same State providing the channels on March 7, 1968, and continued to ance and the announcement of the cyclamate same treatments are governed by two bring them up in meetings, memos, and her ban, she waa prohibited from granting in­ di1l'ering sets of rules and regulations. semi-annual reports. terviews or even answering her omce tele­ The State home falls under State law, By the fall of 1969, the cyclamate findings phone. and the private home falls under the were being talked about tn scientific ctreles Such direct criticism from a Cabinet ofilcer more expensive Federal regulations. based on Dr. Verrett's research and parallel 1a normally more than enough to focus flndJ.ngs elsewhere. So she was not terribly agency enzymes one a low-level bureaucratic By continuing this situation, we are surprised when NBC's Paul Friedman asked bac1llu.s-and drive him from the govern­ allowing two things to happen. First, at for an ln.terview 1n late September (having ment. Yet Dr. Verrett has survived. "I'm st111 a time when the cost of health care is seen e. column on cyclamate research by Jean kind of a leper around here, though, 1! you skYrocketing, we are further increasing Carper). •'The cyclamate publicity had been want to know the truth." she sald. "I'm called the cost of private treatment . • . as going on for some ttme," says Dr. Verrett, to some meetings 1! it's absolutely necessary, ••and I didn't think the NBC interview was but that's about it." opposed to public treatment. This can any big deal. I kind of backed into this only lead to a greater reliance on State controversy.'' Her bureaucratic afterlife probably stems facilities . • . which will create a great­ from an odd combination of circumstances. When abe sought routine clearance for the For one thing, at present her skllls are al· er burden on local taxpayers. Second, interview, Dr. Verrett's ofilce was suddenly most indispensable to FDA "because a greai rather than comply with the extensive besieged with about a dozen lab-coated and many additives are to be tested in the near Federal paperwork, private facilities will adm1n1atrat1ve o11lc1als of FDA-an unprece­ future as a result of consumer pressure; and, be likely to eliminate or curtail any dented gathering. They earnestly remon­ lrOnlcally, her chick embryo method has been monetary rewards to patients for work strated with her to forego the interview be­ determined to be the best for rapid screen­ therapy ... perhaps even eliminate cause of the "undue public alaz"m" that testing. .M.so. her testing unit 1s unusally work therapy. would no doubt arise 1! her deformed em- independent, which means that she can work 19966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 effectively even 1n bureaucratic isolation. technology that have made us the world ment which only planted the seeds of Most other government employees at her level leader in interplanetary exploration. future discord. No one has a greater would become helpless and frustrated with­ He was that rare combination of scien­ stake in the issue of war or peace in the out the active cooperation of many associates working toward group solutions. Finally, she tific acumen coupled with the ability to region than the parties directly involved; has some support from the Congress, includ­ articulate complex problems in simple we should encour.,,ge the new Israeli ing Senator Warren Magnuson. None of thiS terms. He was a man devoted to his Government and help them to reach an means that Dr. Verrett is guaranteed eternal science, and esteemed highly by those acceptable agreement with their neigh­ life at FDA, of course. In fact, she may face with whom he shared the drudgery, the bors which will permit the establishment danger in the current plan to expand the disappointments and ultimately the of a lasting peace. chick embryo fac111ties and move them to triumphs of conquering space. Prime Minister Begin deserves the Pine Bluff, Arkansas, when all the nerve He has earned a lasting place in our gas and biological toxins are swept out there. support of freedom-loving people every­ That plan Will require reorganization, and scientific history, and we all will benefit where as he and his Cabinet commence reorganizations are notoriously useful for in many ways in future years as the space their efforts to bring peace and economic "streamlining" personnel. discoveries he helped pioneer become growth to Israel. In the meantime, Dr. Verrett is cheerfully practical aids to improve the quality of injecting additives lnto chicken eggs, al­ our lives here on Earth. though her overall outlook does not inspire I join my colleagues in expressing our much chemical confidence 1n the American appreciation for the contribution Wern­ TRmUTE TO BARBARA AND diet. "I can't say that I'm very optimistic ZEV YAROSLAVSKY about our effect here," she aaid. "There is her Von Braun made to his adopted a kind of tightening up and restriction that American homeland. 1s pro-industry and anti-consumer. In some HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN ways, we are worse off than we were a year and a half ago. OF CALIFORNIA "And one sad thing is that you have to THE NEW BEGIN GOVERNMENT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES get really dramatic test results to have any WILL HELP BRING PEACE TO THE Monday, June 20, 1977 hope of making an impact. If thalidomide MIDDLE EAST AND STRENGTH had caused mental retardation, for example, TO THE DOMESTIC ECONOMY OF Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, Los I think we would still be using it," she la­ ISRAEL Angeles City Councilman Zev Yaroslav­ mented while lighting up another cigarette. sky and his wife Barbara will be honored "I'm not too worried about smoking these as Man and Woman of the Year by Etz things. The additives may get me first." HON. JACK F. KEMP Jacob Congregation on June 26, 1977. I OF NEW YORK wish to bring to the attention of my col­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES leagues and the public the accomplish­ ments of two people devoted to their DR. WERiffiER VON BRAUN Monday, June 20, 1977 community. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the new Even before his election to the city HON. JOHN J. RHODES regime in Israel under Prime Minister council, Zev Yaroslavsky gained recogni­ OF ARIZONA Begin has now established its Cabinet to tion for his work on behalf of Soviet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES govern the State of Israel. The an­ Jewry. Despite the burdens of his council nounced concern of the Begin govern­ post, Zev has found time to continue Monday, June 20, 1977 ment about the next phase in Middle his work with the Southern California Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, the world East peace negotiations is well founded. Council for Soviet Jews-a group which has lost a great scientist in the death of Unless a formula can be found to enable he once served as executive director. Dr. Wernher Von Braun. He was the Israel to have sustainable and secure Zev Yaroslavsky was elected to the Los driving force behind some of the most borders for her territory, no peace agree­ Angeles City Council at the young age of momentous advances in man's quest for ment is worth the paper it is written on. 26. Councilman Yaroslavsky's district is knowledge about the universe in which Mere assurances by the leaders of con­ made up of well-to-do and economically we live. tiguous states, nor the existence of deprived areas, the Los Angeles campus As a member of the Appropriations friendly neighboring regimes cannot be of the University of California and a Subcommittee that funded the space sufilcient to insure a lasting peace in the large concentration of senior citizens. program, I was privileged to work closely region. For nearly 30 years, we have wit­ The Fifth Councilmanic District faces with Wernher Von Braun. He was a man nessed rapid changes in the leadership many of the problems confronting every who could make the whole concept of and alliance support of the Arab States large city-transportation, congestion, space fiight come alive and take shape. in the region without any attenuation of street crime-the multiple needs of sen­ Dr. Albert Szent-Cyoryi, Nobel Prize hostility toward the mere existence of ior citizens living on low incomes, and winner and discoverer of vitamin C, once the State of Israel. the need for additional low-cost housing. wrote that- The Begin government is in perhaps Zev has applied himself to all of these Research is to see what everyone else has the best position of any recent govern­ problems. As chairman of the Council's seen, and think what nobody else has ment to negotiate a peace agreement Charter and Administrative Code Com­ thought. which will satisfy Israel's security re­ mittee and member of the Governmental quirements without risk of attracting E:tnciency Committee, he has introduced Wernher Von Braun was inventive, criticism from within Israel. The will­ reforms to make the charter more work­ dedicated, and visionary in his research ingness of the Begin government to be able, to lower costs and to make local applied to the problems of lifting man flexible about new boundary arrange­ government more workable, to lower from the Earth to the voids of outer ments with the Arab States in a manner costs and to make local government more space. He saw the potential in space, per­ consistent with U.N. Resolution 242 is productive and responsive. severed through failures, and applied encouraging, and the new government Zev has been honored by the Career new concepts that broke through the should be given a chance to reach an Planning Center for advancing career barriers of space science. acceptable agreement with its Arab opportunities for women and by the Mac­ He was a realist. When he first began neighbors, as well as finding some rea­ cabee Athletic Club. He received the work on the space program, he soon saw sonable solution to the problem of the Merit Award from the Mexican-Ameri­ the difficulties of conducting research Palestinian refugees. can Chamber of Commerce and Industry under the auspices of Government con- I am personally acquainted with one of southern California. The board of su­ trols. He stated: · of the new members of the Begin gov­ pervisors of Los Angeles County has ac­ Our two greatest problems are gravity and ernment, former Air Force Chief of Staff, knowledged his leadership in successfully paper work. We can lick gravity, but some­ Ezar Weitzman, a man of consummate fighting the Diamond Lane project. times the paper work is overwhelming. diplomatic skill and of moderate, diplo­ Barbara Yaroslavsky is extremely The story of Wernher Von Braun is the matic views. a great friend of the Unitied modest about her own contributions to story of opportunity in America. He came States. It would be tragic if the United our community. Nevertheless, she has to our shores from a foreign land, stayed, States sought to employ its diplomatic played an important role both as Zev's worked, and produced advances in space "muscle" to impose a Middle East settle- wife and in-her own right. Barbara is June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19967 currently employed as an administrato1· shot. The evidence is too great to be dis­ necessary and humane treatment for in the registrar's o:mce at UCLA. Barbara regarded. We had better stop disregarding patients." and Zev are expecting their first child it. Earlier I mentioned the renal dialysis shortly. I ask the Members to join me program-like that program, a patient and their great number of friends in TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION using TPN must rely on expensive ma­ wishing this devoted couple much joy chinery and chemicals to survive. Un­ in their personal life and continued suc­ like that program, TPN patients must cess in their roles as political and com- HON. HELENS. MEYNER bear the full brunt of the cost of life. munity leaders. · OF NEW JERSEY By specific exception in the Social Se­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES curity Act, medicare benefits are now provided to renal dialysis patients re.. Monday, June 20, 1977 gardless of age. Mr. Speaker, the bill I THE PRICE OF PEACE AND FREEDOM Mrs. MEYNER. Mr. Speaker, since am introducing today simply seeks the 1970, a medical nutrition technique has same benefits coverage for TPN patients. HON. STEVEN D. SYMMS been in use in a growing number of Amer­ Allowing medicare coverage of TPN OF IDAHO ican homes that not only has saved hun­ treatment would, admittedly, raise Fed­ dreds of lives, but has allowed those af­ eral expenditures. Since there are be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fected individuals to return to produc­ tween 500 and 600 such patients now, and Monday, June 20, 1977 tive, fulfilling existences. The technique, the average cost per patient is between Mr. SYMMS. Mr. Speaker, "The Price total parenteral nutrition-TPN-in­ $10,000 and $20,000 a year, medicare of Peace and Freedom" is a 30-minute volves infusion of chemical solutions in­ cost could be raised between $5 and $12 filmstrip produced by the American Se­ to patients bodies by mechanical means million. Frankly, I think this would be curity Council of Washington, D.C. This and is the only method of feeding pos­ a sound investment. film is an extremely important document sible for those who, for various reasons, Medicare coverage of TPNhome treat­ since it demonstrates the growth of So­ have had the major portion of their in­ ments would be far less expensive than viet military power during the past few testinal tracts removed. TPN can be ad­ normal programs of hospital care. Ex­ years in an unusual and dramatic !ash­ ministered by trained relatives and can perts have estimated that the cost to ion. There are a number of journalistic be accomplished while the patient sleeps. medicare for such treatments would be and scholarly works on Soviet military Though the patient will never again about $10 million per year. The same power but very few of them, in my judg­ know the delight of tasting solid food, treatment under conventional institu­ ment, can grasp the essence of this chal­ TPN provides adequate nutrition to sus­ tional auspices would cost over $50 lenge so graphically in so short a time tain life and to function relatively nor­ million. as this film. I wish that it could be seen mally during the day. To those who would balk at this ex­ by all Americans as a timely warning of There are drawbacks to the treat­ pense I ask what is the value of a hu­ the growing peril of our age. I would ment: like the renal dialysis treatment man life? A Nation that spends more 11ke to insert for the REcoRD, Mr. Speak­ for kidney disorders, a patient is depen­ than $90 million per hour for its defense er, a commentary on the film made by dent on a machine for his or her Ufe. could surely afford to invest $10 mil­ Howard K. Smith on ABC Evening News, Secondly, the expense of the treatment is lion a year to keep 500 citizens alive. Thursday, June 2, 1977. Mr. Smith en­ enormous. Once surgical and hospital The time for this legislation is now. joys a reputation for integrity and wis­ bills are paid, the TPN process and the Not when Congress and the administra.. dom in the field of broadcasting. As such, necessary chemicals cost a patient be­ tion get around to a national health in­ his remarks should make all of us stand tween $10,000 and $20,000 per year. surance plan. Not when a comprehensive up and take, notice, not only about the For most of these patients, this cost review of the welfare system takes place. film itself, but about the vital topic which exceeds their annual family income, and Not when patients begin to choose death it addresses: no avenue exists for any type of finan­ over continued family debt. Now when COMMENTARY, ABC EVENING NEWS, THURSDAY, cial help. There are between 500 and 600 prompt action could save hundreds of JUNE 2, 1977 patients now receiving TPN treatments. lives. I ask all of my colleagues, espe­ (By Howard K. Smith) Every single one of them must find some cially those with their own Agnes Bis­ The term Cold War was invented in 1946 way of raising thousands of dollars each bings in their districts, to join me in to describe the world contest between us and year or face the only alternative-death cosponsoring this legislation. Russia to get the better of one another with­ by starvation. As Dr. Dudrick says: out actually fl.ghting. If we are going to do anything at all 1n the It has become a habit to consider the Cold Mrs.. Angnes Bisbing, a 44-year-old health area, the very minimum should be to War as past, buried with the age of detente. mother of six from my district, is one of provide adequate nutrition for survival. Well, signs multiply that the burial was those people. In December 1976, Mrs. premature; the Cold War rages on, from Bisbing had her entire small intestine re­ Mr. Speaker, death by starvation is, Russia's side, with increased intensity. moved as a result of a blood clot infec­ perhaps, the most gruesome fate imag­ The fl.lm is in the news today, produced by tion, and has been kept alive by the TPN inable. This legislation offers us a chance so-called hard-liners, showing graphically treatment ever since. The Bisbing an· to allow hundreds of Americans to avoid Russia's advances and our slippage. this fate-to dramatically relieve hu­ The fl.lm may be over-stated. But the facts nual income is $10,000 but her medical are undeniable. In the past ten years Russia bills will be more than double that this man suffering, This bill not only de· has furiously armed whlle we have lan­ year. Her husband wrote me recently: serves, but demands immediate action. guished. One land, for example, they out­ We need help desperately. There are no or· number us in tanks four-to-one. At sea they ganizations that we can receive help from. have for the first time more warships than What will happen to my wife when I run out we. of money? She needs help that I am unable CASH SUBSIDIES TO THE DOMESTIC Their geographical reach is visible. Soviet to give her. We have about $5,000 left, which SUGAR INDUSTRY arms and Cuban client forces show up 1n will pay for about one month's supply. Some· every African conflict. Surely the aim is more one must help us. My Agnes must not die be• bases and wider world power. cause no one will help us. HON. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN At the SALT talks they are adamant Mr. Speaker, I have been in touch with OF ILLINOIS against cutting nuclear forces. At the Vi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enna talks on cutting arms in Europe like­ Dr. Stanley Dudrick, the chief of surgical wise, their actions suggest they seek superi­ services of the University of Texas at Monday, June 20, 1977 ority not parity. Houston, who is a leading authority on In Russia the removal of Podgorny, accom­ Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, under the enteral and parenteral nutrition. Dr. leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ panied by ever sharper attacks on us, sug­ Dudrick heads an association of over ORD, I include the following: gests a. tightening of command under Brezh­ 1,000 doctors, nurses, and nutritionists nev for a.n intensified contest. The new Hon. GEORGE M. O'BRIEN, stamping out of Russian dissidents seems to called the American Society for Par­ House of Representatives, - support that view. enteral and Enteral Nutrition. He says Washington, D.O. If present trends continue they will attain "the Federal Government is the only DEAR CoNGRESSMAN O'BRIEN: Early last the goal: dominance without •av1ng fl.red a agency which can support this absolutely month, President Carter announced a pro- 19968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 gram to provide cash subsidies to the domes­ The final decision to change the per­ and here is our main anxiety-we are not tic sugar industry. We are opposed to this mit allocation system must be made by convinced that the Carter administration program for several reasons. the Secretary of Agriculture and the Is in such a position either. To express the 1. We believe it is unfair to competing Secretary of the Interior. This bill regis­ moral aspirations of Americans for racial products, specifically corn sweeteners. In justice, to demonstrate to other Africans 1976, nearly $500 mUlion of corn was used ters the dissatisfaction many feel with that the United States abhors racism: These for various corn sweetners. Much of the corn the current system, and I hope the re­ are necessary and useful things to do. But was produced in illinois where several of the spective Secretaries will take note of the is the United States otherwise contributing largest corn sweetner processors are located. congressional sentiments on the issue. to a solution in South Africa, or merely in­ 2. The proposed subsidy program for sugar creasing polarization and gratultiously rais­ wm do nothing to solve the long-term prob­ ing expectations there? Perhaps some better lems of the domestic sugar industry. In idea of the answer to that question will fact, the program w111 likely delay adjust­ THE WASHINGTON POST WARNS emerge from a comprehensive statement of ments needed in domestic sugar production PRESIDENT ON AFRICAN POLICY the administration's African pollcy, which and aggrevate our problems with sugar in is said to be in preparation. We hope so, for the international market. a clear and cogent explanation of exactly 3. The proposed program w111 be expensive, HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN what the President is up to in Africa, in gen­ an estimated $240,000,000 and wm benefit eral, and in South Africa, in particular, is only the very few producers who grow sugar OF MARYLAND overdue. beets or cane. At a time when every effort is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES being made to control inflation and limit Monday, June 20, 1977 government spending. This proposal is ex­ REGIONAL TREND IN DEFENSE tremely counter-productive. Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, today's SPENDING In the next few days, the House wm be Washington Post includes a lead edi­ considering the U.SD.A. appropriation b111. torial which underscores the serious At that time, we understand an amendment questions raised by the radical policies HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR wm be offered to eliminate subsidy payments of the Carter administration regarding OF PENNSYLVANIA to domestic cane and beet processors who in turn would make payments to producers. We Africa, and South Africa in particular. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES If urge you to support the amendment to we are ever to bring about peaceful Monday, June 20, 1977 eliminate the sugar subsidy payments. change and democratic rights for all cit­ Sincerely, izens of South Africa, the question the Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, as we know, HAROLD B. STEELE, Post poses must be answered in more this year's military constru:::tion budget President, Illinois Farm Bureau. convincing policy terms than the ex­ is reduced from prior year levels for a treme utterances of Ambassador Young. very good reason. The President is in the The editorial follows: process of reviewing long-range military basing plans and base utilization, and WHITEWATER, PERMIT ALLOCA­ SOWETO: A YEAR LATER The Soweto riots removed from all but the has requested that construction in fiscal TION thickest South African minds the assump­ year 1978 be limited to those projects tion that the country's ruling white minor­ which must be done before this long­ HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH ity could somehow tough it out with its range study is completed. This iR onlY black majority without far-reaching change. prudent. OF COLORADO But a year later, as black desperation and A review of the appropriation bill be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES resistance grows, it remains a question fore us reveals that it reftects the trend Monday, June 20, 1977 whether the pace of the change acceptable of recent times of moving Federal de­ to the governing whites is sufficient to pro­ Mr. WffiTH. Mr. Speaker, today I am duce a tolerably nonviolent racial accom­ fense spending away from the older in­ introducing House Concurrent Resolu­ modation. The question is central, we sub­ dustrialized areas of our country. The tion 181. The bill calls for the reevalua­ mit, not only . to South Africans but to relative economic decline of those area5 tion of the permit allocation system for Americans. For American policy, as it now has paralleled this movement of Fed­ whitewater, river rafting on the wild and seems to be developing, rests on the premise eral dollars. I strongly urge the Presi­ that within South Africa there is insufficient dent, as he conducts his review of long­ scenic rivers of this country. motive and momentum for change and that, The permit system was originally de­ range military basing plans, to consider therefore, pressure must be applied by the the major role Federal spending plays in signed to protect and preserve the wil­ United States. derness surrounding these rivers. The How does one judge? The police banned the health of regional economies, as well system, set up by the National Park Serv­ the all-white, liberal, EngUsh-speaking Wit­ as the need, from a national security ice and the Forest Service, limits the watersrand University from inviting white standpoint, to disperse military installa­ number of permits that are available for and black moderates to speak at a Soweto tions widely throughout the country. I anniversary rally on grounds that it was "not sincerely hope that the study now under­ each river. Commercial concessionaires in the best interest" for white students to way addresses in a substantial way these receive the same number of permits each act in sympathy with blacks. Meanwhile, the two issues, and that the plan which re­ year based on the number of customers all-white, conservative, Afrikaans-speaking sults from the findings begins the proc­ they carried in an arbitrary base year, Stellenbosch University has decided to admit ess of bringing more equity to the region­ In some areas of the country, conces­ its first black students. sionaires receive up to 92 percent of the. The basic legal structure of white domina­ al distribution of military construction available permits, leaving few for pri­ tion is untouched, but the business com­ and procurement. vate parties who wish to use the rivers. munity is moving against some aspects of A recent study done for the Governor economic discrimination. Black leaders con­ of Pennsylvania, entitled "Defense Em­ That means for example that a local tinue to be "banned" and black political ex­ ployment and Military Installations in Scout troop often cannot get a permit pressions censored. But one government Pennsylvania," documents the trend to to run the Green Riv:er. Private parties minister won a by-election declaring he which I refer. I would like to submit the must plan their trips very early in the would die for his country but not for signs report and the Governor's transmittal year so they can enter a lottery for the in an elevator, and another proposed a polit­ letter for the RECORD: few remaining permits. ical transformation bestowing rights even on urban blacks; of this extraordinary pro­ COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, In addition, concessionaires, who usu­ posal the prime minister said merely that it OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR, ally receive the same number of per­ was "not practical politics at this stage." Harrisburg, Pa., June 15, 1977. mits each year, are effectively removed Gun purchases and secret exports of pri­ Hon. ROBERT W. EDGAR, from the free market system. New out­ vate funds by whites are said to be mount­ House of Representatives, Cannon House Of­ fitters have difficulty entering the busi­ ing. So are reports that within the inner­ fice Building, Washington, D.C. ness. In sum, the permit system as cur­ most councils of power in white South Africa, DEAR REPRESENTATIVE EDGAR: 1 am writing rently administered creates a monopoly deliberations aimed at climatic changes of to you on a matter of fundamental import­ situation. power and pollcy are being seriously pursued. ance to the economic well-being of Pennsyl­ Frankly, we do not feel we are in a posi­ vania and the Northeast. Our state and re­ The problems associated with permit tion to make the judgment that meaningful gion are not receiving their fair share of the allocation are not related to Colorado of racial change is still so remote and un­ economic benefits from defense spending. alone. It is clearly a national issue and thinkable in South Africa that the United I have askf'd my Adjutant General, Major I am pleased to see that the resolution States must threaten Pretoria with punitive General Nicholas P. Kafkalas, to present has received broad support. political action in order to promote it. But- to you a repor\; entitled.., "Defense- Employ- June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19969 ment and Military Installations in Pennsyl­ of across-the-board cutbacks in an entire re­ TABlE I.-PERCENT OF DEFENSE PERSONNEl COMPARED vania," prepared by our omce of State Plan­ gion. Furthermore, it is desirable for stra­ WITH PERCENT OF POPUlATION: CONEG, 1975 ning and Development. tegic reasons to maintain an adequate DoD This report documents the fact that we are m111tary and civillan presence in the North­ Number of Percent shortchanged by present defense employ­ east. Defense experts frequently cite the im­ defense of total ment and procurement policies. Pennsyl­ portance of the Northeast as a location for personnel defense Percent of vania has 5.5% of the national population, cold-weather training and for defense mis­ located in person- U.S. but only 2.7% of all stateside military and sions related to Europe and the North Atlan­ State State nel population civilian Department of Defense (DoD) em­ tic. The continuing DoD decline in Pennsyl­ ployees. In 1975, 63,306 DoD employees were vania and the Northeast appears to be in Connecticllt...... 8, 350 0.4 1.5 stationed in Pennsylvania. But 1! that num­ conflict with both economic and m111tary Maine______7, 709 .3 .5 goals. Massachusetts______22, 716 1. 0 2. 7 ber had been based on the state's share of New Jersey______50,234 2.1 3.4 the national population, Pennsylvania would A fair share of federal spending is vital to New York______44,395 1.9 8.5 have had 66,330 more defense jobs. the economic health of our state and region. Pennsylvania______63,306 2. 7 5.5 As Rhode Island______8, 864 .4 .4 This imbalance in the distribution of DoD the representative of our state in Con­ Vermont..______personnel, which results in Pennsylvania be­ gress. I urge you to continue your efforts and 702 (1) .2 ing seriously under-represented, caused a in firm partnership with the Commonwealth Total, CO NEG._------206, 276 8.8 22.8 "loss" in 1975 of about $866,140,000 in mili­ in seeking a more equitable distribution of tary and civillan payrolls. This DoD payroll Total, Sun Belt2 _____ =1,===32=5.===83=:=2======56.3 36.3 defense jobs and spending. Total, United States___ "loss" is about equal to the total salaries and I am determined to leave no stone un­ 2, 356, 014 100.0 100.0 wages paid from the General Fund of the turned ln our efforts to obtain our fair share Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. during the of defense jobs. If space to expand is needed, 1 Less than 0.05 percent ' same year. I will do everything possible to help acquire ' Sun Belt States are defined as Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Cal ifornia, Florida Georgia1 louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, This imbalance applies not only in Penn­ it. If Pennsylvania businessmen need assist­ New Mexico, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, ana sylvania but across the entire Northeast. ance to obtain job-producing defense con­ Virginia. Only 8.8% of DoD employees are in the eight tracts, I w111 ask all agencies of the state Northeastern states which have 22.8% of the government to work toward that goal. TRENDS IN DEFENSE PERSONNEL AND MILITARY national population. This problem cannot be solved overnight, INSTALLATIONS Defense personnel cutbacks have been more but we must now double our efforts. I stand Since 1965 the number of military per­ severe in Pennsylvania. than in the nation ready to provide every possible assistance sonnel and DoD employed civ111ans has been as a whole. From 1965 to 1975, defense as you work within Congress and with the steadily declining in Pennsylvania, from employment declined by 22.8% in Pennsyl­ Department of Defense to obtain a fair share 81,975 in 1965 to 80,077 in 1970 to 63,306 in vania, but by only 8.8% in the nation. of defense employment contracts. 1975. Pennsylvania's share of total stateside About half the national cutbacks in state­ Sincerely, m111tary and civ111an defense employment side defense employment from 1965 to 1975 MILTON J. SHAPP, has dropped from 3.2 percent in 1965 to 2.9 occurred in the Northeast. During that period, Governor. percent in 1970 in 1970 to 2.7 percent in the total national decline was 226,000 and 1975. the Northeast lost 107,000 jobs. Pennsylvania DEFENSE EMPLOYMENT AND MILITARY INSTAL­ In Pennsylvania from 1965 to 1975, mili­ alone lost almost 17,000 jobs. LATIONS IN PENNSYLVANIA tary personnel dropped from 15,593 to 9,048 This declining trend has continued since BACKGROUND and civ111an employment dropped from 66,- 1975, the most recent year for which complete 382 to 54,258, for a total loss of 18,669 jobs. DoD data are avallable. The closing of Frank­ Defense spending is the largest sector of During this period Pennsylvania lost 5,335 ford Arsenal and the U.S. Army Electronics federal spending. and the Department of Army jobs, 2,601 Navy Jobs and 11,506 Air Command, both in Philadelphia, are nearly Defense (DoD) is the largest federal em­ Force jobs. complete. These two installations employed ployer. In fact. DoD is the largest employer about 5,000 in 1975. Those jobs are now gone. in the nation with 2.4 million employes ln Again this pattern is not un.lque to Penn­ With continuing declines at the Philadelphia the 50 states in 1975. DoD is supported by sylvania; it applies throughout the North­ Navy Yard and threatened cutbacks at In­ fedenl tax revenues raised in all states. but east. Table n ilustrates the 1965 to 1975 diantown Gap and the New Cumberland defense spending is unequally distributed trends in the eight CONEG states. Army Depot, another 7,000 jobs are in among the states. This contributes to severe TABlE 11.-TREND IN DEFENSE PERSONNEl IN THE jeopardy. economic imbalances between the Northeast NORTHEAST 196~75 I want to emphasize that these declines and the Sunbelt. cannot be blamed on general defense cut­ backs or on withdrawal from Vietnam. Dur­ DEFENSE PERSONNEL IN PENNSYLVANIA Percent of Percent of ing and following the Vietnam War, the share In 1975 Pennsylvania was the location of total U.S. total U.S. only 2.7 percent of the total stateside DoD defense defense Percent of stateside DoD personnel stationed in Penn­ personnel, personnel, of sylvania has consistently declined. military and civillan personnel, although State 1965 1975 change Nor can these declines be blamed on popu­ Pennsylvania h:ld 5.5 percent of the national lation migration to the South and West. The population. The problem does not end at Connecticut.. ______0.3 0.4 +22.3 share of the total U.S. population in the the Pennsylvania state line, however. The Maine ______------.5 .3 -44.7 eight northeastern states belonging to the Massachusetts ______Northeast dropped from 24.2% in 1965 to New Jersey ______2.1 1.0 -57.3 22.8% in 1975, but military and civUia.n DoD Coalition of Northeastern Governors New York ______2.4 2.1 -18.9 (CONEG: Connecticut. Maine. Massachu­ 3.1 1.9 -44.3 employment dropped from 12.2% to 8.8% Pennsylvania ______3.2 2. 7 -22.8 during the same period. setts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island ______.6 Vermont. ______.4 -42.3 Pennsylvania. doesn't get its share of jobs Rhode Island, and Vermont) had only 8.8 (1) (I) ------from defense contracting either. In 1973, percent of tohl stateside DoD personnel in Total, CONEG ______Pennsylvania was the home of only 3.3% of 1975. although these same eight states had 12.2 8.8 -34.2 the total national payroll for defense con­ 22.8 percent of the national population. Thus, Total, United States. __ 100. 0 100.0 -8.8 tracts. A share based on population would 91.2 percent of total stateside DoD em­ have increased defense contract payrolls in ployees are located outside the Northeast. 'less than 0.05 percent the state by $5.6 million for 1973 alone. A state-by-state survey mustrates that Low levels of direct-defense spending cause: each northeastern CONEG state is under­ Note that while total stateside DoD person­ job losses in other industries and severe eco­ represented in the number of DoD milihry nel declined !rom 1965 to 1975 by only 8.8 nomic repercussions. The total difference be­ and civilian personnel compared to popu­ percent, Pennsylvania's decline was 22.8 per­ tween actual 1975 DoD spending in Pennsyl­ lation. Table I shows this imbalance for each cent and the northeastern CONEG states vania and a share based on population CONEG state. dropped 34.2 percent. Already underrepre­ amounts to a "loss" to the state's economy of $2.6 billion. This gap is about equal to If DoD mllitary and civ111an employees sented in DoD employees as a share of the total statewide county, municipal and school were distributed evenly throughout the national total in 1965, Pennsylvania and district tax revenues in 1975. states according to population, some 66,300 other northeastern states were forced to suf­ Every state should receive a fair share of more DoD personnel would be located in fer a disproportionately large share of de­ the economic benefits of defense spending. Pennsylvania. In other words, the 63,306 fense employment cutbacks. The eight And no state should be forced to absorb an DoD personnel in Pennsylvania. in 1975 is less CONEG states had 12.2 percent of stateside unfair share of defense personenl cutbacks. than half of the state's share based on popu­ DoD personnel in 1965; by 1975, that share But the facts prove a consistent pattern of lation. had shrunk to only 8.8 percent. But other f'hort-cha.nging Pennsylvania. and other For eight northeastern CONEG states a regions were not asked to absorb a fair share Northeastern states. distribution of defense personnel based on of defense cutbacks: the percentage of state­ While the closing or cutback of any single popUlation would have added about 331,000 side DoD employees in the Sunbelt states installation is understandable for reasons of military and civ111an jobs in 1975. In other actually increased from 54.7 percent in 1965 obsolescence, budgetary constraints, need for words, the eight CONEG states had only to 56.3 percent in 1975, and for the balance consolidation, or inability to expand, these about 40 percent of their share of DoD em­ of the nation the percentage increased from reasons cannot explain a consi~?tent pattern ployment based on population. 33.1 percent to 34.9 percent. 19970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 About half the national cutbacks in U.S. TABLE 111.-ACTUAL FISCAL YEAR 1975 DOD PAYROLLS IN sylvania. and the northeastern CONEO states defense personnel from 1965 to 1975 occurred PENNSYLVANIA COMPARED TO 1965 SHARE AND POPULA· had less than their share of payrolls from in the Northeast. Total U.S. decline was TION·BASED SHARE m111tary procurement, and that the already about 226,000; the eight CONEO states lost low share is declining. (In thousands of dollars) about 107,000 jobs. These data do not show the precise pat­ Although 1975 is the latest year for which tern, because the payroll amounts are shown complete Department of Defense data are Fiscal only by the headquarters of the prime con­ available on its own employment by state, Fiscal {Jear {Jear 975 tractor. For example, the prime contractor the declining trend in Pennsylvania has con­ 975 payroll may be headquartered in Pittsburgh and tinued during the past two years. The closing payroll based therefore included iq the Pennsylvania data, of Frankford Arsenal and the U.S. Army Elec­ Fiscal based on but he may perform the contracted work and rar on popula· tronics Command, both in Philadelphia, are 975 1965 Differ- tion Differ- meet his payroll in Alabama, or he may sub­ nearly complete. These two installations em­ actual share ence share ence contract the work to a firm in California. ployed about 5,000 in 1975. Those jobs are Nevertheless, these figures do illustrate now gone. With continuing declines at the Total DOD serious imbalances in this sector of DoD Philadelphia Navy Yard and threatened cut­ payroll in spending, which totalled about $26.6 billion backs at Indiantown Gap and the New Cum­ Pennsylvania.827, 260 976, 977 149, 717 1, 693, 400 866, 140 in annual payrolls in 1975. Thus, Pennsyl­ berland Army Depot. another 7,000 Jobs are in vania received an annual payroll for DoD jeopardy. · If Pennsylvania had maintained in 1975 procurement in 1973 of $784 million, but a DoD's future plans can be discerned, to a the same share of DoD payrolls that it had share based on population would have been substantial degree, by the location of planned in 1965, the DoD payrolls in Pennsylvania in $1,300 mlllion. Tills net disadvantage to military construction. Construction includes 1975 would have been $976,977 thousand. In Pennsylvania's economy was about $516 mil­ not only outlays for new installations, but other words, if DoD personnel in Pennsyl­ lion in annual payroll in 1973 alone.. funds to upgrade existing bases. The avail­ vania had been reduced from 1965 to 1975 at TABLE IV.-DISTRIBUTION OF DEFENSE PAYROLLS FOR able evidence suggests further disproportion­ the national average rate of only 8.8 percent, ate declines in the Northeast. DoD budget instead of the actual decline of 22.8 percent, PRIME CONTRACT AWARDS: 1967-73 request for military construction in the the DoD payrolls in Pennsylvania in 1975 (Dollar amounts in millions) northeast in FY 1976 was only $54 million, would have been $149,717 greater than it and for FY 1977 was down to $47 million. By actually was. 1967 1973 contrast, the same amounts for the twelve If Pennsylvania had the same share of southwestern states were $800 million for FY DoD personnel and payrolls in 1975 as the Annual Annu al 1976 and $941 million for FY 1977. payroll for Percent of payroll for Percent of state had of the national population, the State The data clearly demonstrate that losses of 1975 DoD payroll in Pennsylvania would have contracts U.S. total contracts U.S. total DoD employment in Pennsylvania and the been $1,693,400 thousand for 129,581 em­ Connecticut. _____ Northeast cannot be blamed on general de­ ployees. The actual 1975 DoD payroll in Maine ______$52 0. 3 $74 0. 3 fense cutbacks or withdrawal from Vietnam. 74 .4 74 • 3 Pennsylvania was $866,140 thousand less be­ Massachusetts ____ 332 1.9 362 1.5 During and following the Vietnam War, the cause of the disproportionately small share New Jersey ______470 2. 7 569 2. 4 share of DoD personnel stationed in the 50 of DoD personnel in Pennsylvania. New York ______481 2. 8 464 2. 0 states has consistently declined in Pennsyl­ This DoD payroll "loss" is about equal to Pennsylvania _____ 605 3.5 784 3. 3 vania and the Northeast as a whole. A dis­ Rhode Island __ ___ 115 • 7 203 . 9 the total salaries and wages paid from the Vermont______2 (1) 8 (') proportionate number of job losses have oc­ General Fund of the Commonwealth of curred in Pennsylvania and its northeastern Pennsylvania during the same year. Total , CONEG •• 2, 131 12.3 2, 538 10.8 neighbors. Total, United States ______The decline in DoD employment cannot be SECONDARY ECONOMIC IMPACTS 17, 394 100.0 23, 592 100. 0 attributed to population migration to the The data presented above address only South and West. The percentage of the total numbers of DoD jobs and dollar amounts of t Less than 0.05 percent. U.S. population in the eight northeastern direct DoD payrolls. Additionally, mil1tary CONEO states dropped from 24.2 percent in fac111ties spend other sums locally and de­ Strong business incentives exist for de­ 1965 to 22.8 percent in 1975, but m111tary fense employees contribute to area econo­ fense industry firms to be located near mm­ and ciVilian employment dropped from 12.2 mies. Some rough estimates of these second­ tary installations which they serve. The shift percent to 8.8 percent during the same ary economic impacts can be made. of m111tary bases and DoD employees out of period. Each m111tary base spends federal money Pennsylvania and the Northeast encourages area defense firms to pull out and relocat e The Department of Defense has been re­ within the state for purchase of equipment and supplies, ut111t1es, fuels, construction elsewhere. Working together, the dual im­ ducing an already disproportionately low balance in DoD employment and DoD pro­ share of its employees in Pennsylvania and and services. No reliable DoD data exists to measure this total, but extrapolation from curement contracting places the economies the Northeast. While the closing or cutback of Pennsylvania and other northeastern of any single installation is understandable a. Harrisburg Area Chamber of Commerce study of the New Cumberland Army Depot stJ.tes at a disadvantage relative to other for reasons of obsolescence, budgetary con­ states and regions. straints, need for consolidation, or inabllity would provide a rough estimate of local to expand, these reasons cannot explain a spending by all bases in Pennsylvania of CONCLUSION consistent pattern of across-the-board cut­ $300 to 400 million annually. Pennsylvania in particular and the North­ backs in an entire region. Furthermore, it The 63.3 thousand DoD employees in east in general has a disproportionately low would appear to be desirable for strategic Pennsylvania. spend much of their income in share of defense outlays relative to the share reasons to maintain an adequate DoD mm­ the state for goods and services, which in of the nation's population in the state and tary and civ111an presence in the Northeast. turn creates and supports other jobs. Con­ in the region. Table V illustrates the scope Defense experts frequently cite the impor­ servative estimates are that direct DoD em­ of this imbalance. tance of the Northeast as a location for cold­ ployment accounts for a.t least another These rough estimates show that actual weather training and for defense missions 40,000 jobs in the state. 1975 defense-related outlays in Fennsyl­ related to Europe and the North Atlantic. DoD employees also pay state and local vania totalled about $3,016 mllllon. If The continuing DoD decline in the North­ taxes in Pennsylvania; these taxes contrib­ Pennsylvania. had the same share of mili­ east appears to be in conflict with both eco­ ute at least $40 million annually to the state tary and civilian DoD employees and de­ nomic and military goals. and a similar amount to local governments fense procurement employment as it ha.s of DEFENSE PAYROLLS IN PENNSYLVANIA and school districts. the national population, the 1975 defense­ Clearly, the existing under-representation related outlays in the state would have been The defense personnel data presented about 5,668 mllllon. above show how Pennsylvania and the North­ of DoD employment in Pennsylvania re­ east are under-represented in Department of sults in the state's receiving a disproportion­ ately low share of the nationa.l economic TABLE V.-DEFENSE·RELATED OUTLAYS IN PENNSYLVANIA Defense military and ciVilian jobs. A reView benefits accruing from defense jobs. Any fur­ IN 1975: ACTUAL. SHA.RE BASED ON POPULATION AND of the payrolls resulting from these DoD jobs DIFFERENCE ther reduction in DoD employment in Penn­ (In millions of dollars) lllustrates the magnitude of this under­ sylvania would magnify these economic representation. imbalances. The following table lllustrates the differ­ Share DEFENSE PROCUREMENT IN PENNSYLVANIA based on ence between actual FY 1975 DoD payrolls in Much defense work is done not by direct Actual population Difference Pennsylvania and FY 1975 payrolls if Penn­ DoD employees, but by contractors In private sylvania had maintained its 1965 mare of the industry. The employment payrolls resulting Military P-ersonnel payrolL ___ $99 $239 $140 national total. Table IU also shows what FY from DoD procurement by contract is in­ DOD CIVIlian personnel pay- 19'75 payrolls would b& if Pennsylvania had equitably distributed in a. pattern that re­ rol'------728 1,454 726 had the same share of DoD payrolls that It sembles the direct DoD employment tmbal­ Total OOD personnef has of the national population. ances. Table IV illustrates that both Penn- payrolL_------__ 827 1, 693 866 June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19971 Those wishing to testify or submit a ployees, criteria which applies to 95 per­ Share based 011 statement for the record should address cent of all businesses. Actual population Differeru:e their requesm to the Subcommittee on I urge my colleagues to consider these Domestic and International Scientific facts before being overwhelmed by large Localbases spending ______bJ military Planning, Analysis and Cooperation, volumes of mall from small businesses $350 $710 $360 2319 Rayburn House Oftice Bullding, cla1ming Secondary employment pay- they will be overwhelmed by the rolls ______sao 1,020 520 Washington, D.C. 20515. Agency's interrogatories. Stateemployes and local ______taxes ot DOD 10 165 85 DOD contract procurement payrolls'------784 1,300 516 Secondtlry payrolls from pro- AGENCY FOR CONSUMER PROTEC- KEMP SALUTES WEST SENECA EAST curement ~------.c75 780 305 AND SMALL BUSINESS STUDENTS WHO TAME THE WIND Total ______TION 3,016 5.668 2,652 AND BRING HONOR TO WESTERN HON. PETER H. KOSTMAYER NEW YORK t 1973 data. 1975 lctual ~md population share WDOid be slighUy higher. OF PENNSYLVANIA HON. JACK F. KEMP The disproportionately low level of defense IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activity 1n Pennsylvania resulted in a 1975 Monday, June 20. 197'1 Oll' NEW TOBK "loss" of $2,652 m1111on to the state's econ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. KOSTMAYER. Mr. Speaker, be­ omy. This $2.6 bllllon gap resulting from de­ Monday. June 20, 1971 fense spending Imbalances 1s roughly equi­ cause there is so much controversy over valent to haU of the total state government H.R. 6805, the bill to create an Agency Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, while we in budget tor the Commonwealth in 1975, and for Consumer Protection, and since there Congress consider and debate legislation it 1s about equal to total statewide county, have been charges that such an Agency which we believe will encourage the municipal and school district tax revenues in would be "antismall business," in large development and production of more the same year. part because of potential abuse of the energy for our Nation, there are innova­ Thls Imbalance ln defense spending causes interrogatory authority. I would like to tive minds and hands working on con­ a severe flow of money and jobs out of the economy of Pennsylvania. Receiving a share share with my colleagues a recent letter cepts that promise an improved quality of defense spending equal to the state's share from A. Vernon Weaver, Administrator of life for future generations. of the national population would give Penn­ of the Small Business Ad.ministratlon: In western New York. we are fortunate sylvania's economy a $2.6 b1111on annual U.S. SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTBATION, to have resources which can hasten that "shot-in-the-arm." Washtngton, D.C., June 9, 1971. improvement. Ron. P!:TEa H. KoSTMAYD, Our large variety of natural resources House of Repreaentatives, include consistent wind power on the JOINT HEARING BEFORE THE SUB­ Waahingtoa, D.C. shore of Lake Erie. On a dally average, COMMITTEE ON CRIME OF THE DEAR CONGRESSMAM' KosTllun;:a: S1n.ce Congress w111 soon consider S. 1262 and H.R. the wind speed at the shore is 12.3 miles HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JU­ an hour, even greater than the 10.4 miles DICIARY AND THE DOMESTIC AND 6805, legislation to create an Agency !or Con­ sumer Protection, I want to take this oppor­ an hour for Chicago, the "Windy City." INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC tunity to eaU to your a.ttention the Small And while there still lingers this past PLANNING, ANALYSIS AND CO­ Business Administration's support !or this winter's ima.ge of a snow-blanketed land­ OPERATION SUBCOMMI'ITEE OF important consumer measure. scape, we enjoy more summer sunshine THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE When the concept of an advocacy agency in the Buffalo area than in any other AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE NA­ was first proposed eight years ago, there was concern that the agency'S tnformatlon­ section of New York State. TIONAL INSTITUTE OF LAW But by far our greatest resource in the ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL gathering powers could tmpose an undue burden on the resources of small businesses. field of energy is our youth. exemplified JUSTICE However, in recent years the bUls have been by the students of West Seneca Ea.st altered ln both the House and Senate to Hlgh School. accommodate this concern. Sman businesses Last week, in competition with engi­ HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. are now exempt from the interrogatory au­ OF MICHIGAN thority of the consumer agency In both the neering underclassmen from 79 colleges, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES House and senate bUlB. a group of West Seneca East students In addition, section 17 of S. 1262, as re­ won first prize for the design of a com­ Monday, June zo. 1971 ported, directs SBA to provide small bust­ bined wind and solar system at the stu­ Mr. CONYERS~ Mr. Speaker, I am ness with information concerning ACP proce­ dent competition on relevant engineer­ pleased to announce that the Subcom­ dures and activities of other agencies re­ ing-SCORE-in Richland, Wash. mittee on Crime, which I chair, of the lated to ACP. It further provides that ACP Mr. Speaker, I am proud to represent is to seek the views of small business in House Committee on the Judiciary and establishing Its pr1or1tles and to give due these young leaders and to commend the Domestic and International Scien­ conslderatlon to the unique problems of them, their teacher, David Gierke, and tific Planning, Analysis and Cooperation small businesses so as not to dlscr1m1nate their principal, Daniel P. Mazuchowski, Subcommittee, chaired by Congressman or cause unnecessary hardship. Under an to your attention. JAMEs H. Scm:un, of the House Com­ amendment r-ecently adopted by the Senate I would like to add two stories from mittee on Science and Technology will Government Aft'alrs Committee, this section last Friday's edition of the Buffalo hold joint hearings on the issues related also provides that ACP's Administrator must Courier-Express concerning their to the National Institute of Law En­ notify SBA prior to Intervening ln a proceed­ ing which 1s likely to have a substantial 1m­ achievement and our community's reac­ forcement Assistance Administration. pact on small business. tion to the honor they have brought all The first hearing will be conducted on These provisions, added to the bllls over of us: June 22, 1977, in room 2237. Rayburn the long course of legislative consideration, WESr SENECA EAsT TEAM BLOWS 0vEa House o.mce Building at 9 a.m. Later reflect the sensitivity to small business which CoMPET1Tl:ON hearings on June 23, 29, 30 and July 13 SBA considers essential. With the provisions (By Patrick J. Ryan) wUI convene in room 2141 of the Ray­ discussed above, SBA supports enactment of West Seneca's high-powered high school burn House omce Building at 9 a.m. S. 1262 and H.R. 6805, consistent with the students wlll return home ln triumph to­ These hearings will be extensive and will President's position on this matter. night, having tamed the wind that tried to examine what the Federal role is and Sincerely, conquer them. should be in criminal justice and crime A. VERNON WEAVER, The group of West Seneca East High School research. To that, practitioners, re­ Aclmintstrator. students and their teacher, David Gierke, are .searchers, contractors, directors of The information-gathering powers of scheduled to arrive In Buffalo at 10:21 to­ night aboard a Unlted Alrllnes flight carry­ other Federal research facilities, former the CPA could have been a burden to ing with them the first place prize they directors of the Institute, and represent­ small busin~sses, but as Mr. Weaver wrested from 79 engineering colleges. atives of the Justice Department and points out, the bill exempts small busi­ The group, the only high school team in­ LEAA will present testimony. Witness nesses from these powers. 'Ibis exemp­ vited to participate in the competition, was lists are available at each of the subcom­ tion applies to firms having less than $5 awarded the first place prize for design of mittee offices. million in assets or fewer than 25 em- combined wind and solar power systems at 19972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 the Student Competition on Relevant Engi­ NO PLACE FOR AMATEURS But what about your right to quietly sup­ neering (SCORE) held in Richland, Wash.• Republicans Walter Floss Jr. of Amherst port unpopular causes? One can imagine the early Thursday morning, local time. and Norman J. Wolf Jr. of Lancaster argued effect such a provision would have on a civll EFFORTS PAY OFF that in matters such as this "professionals" libertarian wishing to contribute to Gay The two-year effort by the team paid off should be retained to help guide the county. Rights Coalition, or on people in business Saturday night, as the competition was get­ "You want amateurs to tell professionals wishing to give to a cause that may horrify ting under way, when high winds hit the area what to do,'' Floss charged the Democrats. their bankers, customers, or bosses. and destroyed several of the wind-powered Floss said because the county could set The legislation would threaten another generators that had been entered. out to implement a policy it needed a. course important freedom, •the right of organiza­ "They didn't tell me just how high the to follow. Such course to be provided by the tions to ask others to support or not sup­ winds got, but it must have been pretty alternatives and suggestions of the proposed port Federal legislation. bad,'' West Seneca. East Principal Daniel P. consultant. "When I get in my boat, I chart James Madison, Alexander HamUton and Ma.zuchowski said. "One of the entries went my course and know where I'm going before John Jay engaged in grassroots lobbying in out of control and they had to move people I sail,'' Floss said. their efforts to tip the political scales in back a quarter mile." favor of the ratlflcation of the Constitution. When the winds subsided, Gierke told Their anonymous requests were later com­ Ma.zuchowski in a phone conversation, only bined under the title "The Federalist." More recently, lobby sollc1ta.t1on campaigns helped the West Seneca. entry was st111 operating, LOBBYING: THE WRONG REMEDY putting out electricity by harnessing the carry the great drives to pass the civil rights wind that had destroyed the other entries. acts of the 1960's and organize the massive That was the second brush with the wind antiwar demonstrations of 1969 and 1971. HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK Yet the legislation I oppose would require the team weathered successfully. A gust of OF CALIFORNIA wind toppled the truck that was carrying groups exercising this right of solicitation the equipment to Washington, damaging the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to disclose and register their political litera­ group's solar collector. ture under threat of criminal sanctions. Monday, June 20, 1977 We Californians know sometime about the RAN OUT OF MONEY Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I would like perils of 111-considered lobbying laws. In Since they had already borrowed about submit for the REcORD an Op-Ed piece 1974, California voters adopted Proposition $1,000 to participate in the competition and to Nine, which requires registration and re­ had no more funds available, the group had from today's New York Times written porting for a. wide range of contracts with feared they would be out of the program by by my friend and colleague DoN En­ the state government. default. WARDS, in which he vividly describes the Although some claim that the law has However, thanks to a story in The Courier­ threats to our civil liberties contained in cleaned up politics in Sacramento, the most Express and the efforts of the WGR-Ra.dio lobby legislation the House and Senate recent analysis, by Arthur Lipow, director disc jockey Stan Roberts, the group received will soon consider. of the political reform project of the Center enough contributions to make the repairs Mr. EDWARDs' arguments are thought­ for Ethics and Social Polley in Berkeley, and even pay off their debt. · Calif., finds that "the greatest burden of The group wm return home tonight, bear­ ful and persuasive and merit our careful the law has fallen on the groups who were ing the only prize that came with their first attention. I commend them to the atten­ most a.dament in their support of the law­ place award, a. plaque. They wlll be met by tion of my colleagues: the so-called 'public 1nterest' lobbyists and their fa.m111es and several busloa.ds of stu­ LoBBYING: THE WRONG REMEDY the representatives of the various nonprofit dents. (By Don Edwards) charitable groups." "As far as I know the award gives them WASHINGTON.-Let's assume that a group Indeed, one of Sacramento's professional nothing but the plaque and the recognition," of seven people decides to form the Peeksk111 lobbyists, Allen Tibbetts, summed it up as Mazuchowski said. "And I guess a. fair Bird Watchers Society. During consideration follows: "The greatest irony of all is that amount of justifiable pride." of a blll in Congress to create a. wildlife ref­ the 'endangered species' is not the lobbyists They will be officially honot:ed in a recep­ uge in Westchester County, the society asks per se, but the so-called 'good guy' lobbyists, tion at the school at 2 Monday afternoon. a (hypothetical) Miss Joan Smith, a retired the ones without the bankroll." librarian, to coordinate the group's efforts The country needs an effective lobby law. LAWMAKERS INVITE STUDENTS TO DEMON• to help pass the blll. To cover her expenses one that addresses the evils we have learned STRATE ENERGY PROJECT the society decides to pay her $25 per week. about--free trips, liquor, hunting lodges, West Seneca East Senior High School stu­ So Miss Smith writes a series of letters in gifts, lavish entertaining and the like. And dents who Wednesday won the top national support of the refuge to members of Con­ legislation should be carefully drawn to award for their alternate energy demonstra­ gress and phones 15 Congressional offices. correct these evils. tion were invited Thursday to demonstrate For a period of four weeks this consumes 75 But many of the bills under consideration their project for the Erie County Legisla­ percent of her working time. Under legisla­ now, as well as those approved last year in ture's Economic Development Committee. tion currently being considered in both both houses, are 111-considered and a grave Legislature Chairman Raymond F. Galla­ houses of Congress, the Peekskill Bird Watch­ threat to an important constitutional right. gher, D-Lackawa.nna, asked for the demon­ ers Society is now a lobbying organization, stration in a letter he sent to C. David and Miss Smith must register as a lobbyist Gierke, faculty adviser for the high school and file quarterly reports, all under threat students who outclasse::l colleges and univer­ of criminal penalty. LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE sities in the national contest held at Rich­ A law like this one would, of course, effec­ land, wash. tively put out of business the Peeksktll Bird Gallagher said in his letter that the stu­ Watchers Society and thousands of other HON. GUS YATRON dent presentation could be "most beneficial" grassroots, neighborhood lobbying groups OF PENNSYLVANIA in helping the economic development com­ who want to exercise their constitutionally IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mittee come to grips with a plan for county­ guaranteed right "to petition the govern­ wide energy policy that will likely include al­ ment for redress of grievances." Why would Monday, June 20, 1977 ternate forms of energy such as windmills any local group take the risk of organizing Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, the long and solar panels. a. modest campaign in favor of a btll if the historv of man's struggle for liberty pro­ DISCUSSED POLICY activities might bring the United States At­ vides few events of such tragic magnitude The economic development committee torney? as the loss of Lithuanian independence wrestled with an energy policy earlier on There is a real danger that a. law slmlla.r to the Soviet Union. On June 15, 1940, the Thursday, but without any decision, save one to what I have described will be enacted soon. In 1976, both the Senate and House policy of terror and repression instituted to delay. by Stalin was extended this Baltic Re­ The committee, chaired by Daniel J. Ward, of Representatives passed lobbying bllls to D-W111iamsville, voted 3-2 along party lines which, if either had become law, would have public. The significant coincidence of the to put off a decision on County Executive seriously endangered volunteer and neigh­ 37th anniversary of the loss of Lithua­ Edward V. Regan's request that he be al­ borhood lobbying. Fortunately, Congress ad­ nian freedom. and the beginning of the lowed to hire a $10,000 consultant to help journed before agreement could be reached. Belgrade review of the 1975 Helsinki ac­ formulate an energy policy this summer. The new proposal would deal a lethal blow cords, must serve to remind the citizens Ward and the other Democrats, Leonard R. to another cherished American right--the of America and the entire world of the Lenihan of Tonawanda and Michael Fitz­ right to contribute money to a movement or need to reaffirm the commitment to the patrick of Buffalo, raised objections to hiring organization. and not have your name made rights of Lithuanians. any consultant without first determining for public. The bills I am concerned about pro an themselyes that the county did not have vide just that--disclosing the names of large Soviet repression in Lithuania has been employees or volunteers who could perform contributors to organizations that may oc­ consistent and harsh. Human rights, the the task of making energy policy suggestions. casionally lobby in Congress. long-standing concern of America since June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19973 its founding, have been violated in nu­ THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION: was finally taken, it went out lnto the com­ erous ways, and these violations are con­ TRAPPED INTO HYPOCRISY para.tlve void of the long Memorial Day It weekend, and the item attracted but scant tinuing. is essential that Congress, as attention. the representative body for the world's Not until the following week did some largest democracy, insure that these vital HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN OP MARTLAND editors re-read the little story and have issues are brought to the fore of the Bel­ some second thoughts about it. Was It not, grade review. Through international rec­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES they asked, 1n violation of our Constitu­ ognition and understanding, progress Monday, June 20# 1977 tion's First Amendment which guarantees can be made toward this most desirable access of information and the rights of a goal. ~.BAUMAN.~.S~k~.allthare Free Press? truly concerned about freedom of in­ By the end of this past week many others, It is of particular importance that this formation and a free press in these including some prominent congressional debate take place in an atmosphere of United States should be truly appalled at spokesmen in Mr. carter's own party, won­ sincere concern and support, rather than the Carter administration decision to dered 1f it was not virtually the epitome of one of mutual recrimination. The Lithua­ close down the Rhodesian Information hyprocrtsy to prohibit Rhodesia from dis­ nian people, both inside and outside their seminating information in this country, Office located here in Washington. There whlle we allow, for Instance, the Pa.lest1n- country, have always stressed the most is no question that democratic rule will positive aspects of their cultural and 1.an Liberation Organization, which is not a come to Rhodesia. and it should. The government, to main taln an informatlon political heritage. It is in this spirit that question is whether it will be by way of omce in New York. we must work with the Lithuanians, pro­ Violence and bloodshed or by the path After all, lnform.atlonal services of many viding the support that refi.ects our own of negotiations supplemented by the free other countries spew forth information principles. Through every means avail­ exchange of ideas. about wide-ranging ideologies and philoso­ able to the resourceful fighters independ­ William Randolph Hearst, editor-in­ phies, in thi'3 country, and we welcome the ence they have continued to make us exchange of views. Why not Rhodesia? chief of the Hearst newspapers has writ­ The most important principle here. it aware of their situation. In our quest for ten a perceptive statement of the case this woUld seem to me, ts America's tradition­ international peace and cooperation, against the Carter decision and hope­ al support of the free flow o! information. cannot go unnoticed. fully his persuasive argument will be It 1s being undermined. Fidel castro, with heard in the White House where human whom Mr. Carter Wishes to negotiate, has rights have been proclaimed to be offi­ stated bluntly that he will never allow a cial policy. tree pres.Cyrus Vance. embargo. Some other nations, notably Russia ple of the contributions immigrants have It is customary for the UN Security Coun­ and Switzerland, which had also agreed to made to our great cotmtry's heritage. cil to meet at 3 p.m. Thus, when the vote embargo Rhodesian strategic materials, were 19974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 buying them anyway, mostly from South all of the title VII funds we are appro­ National Legislative Council, amrming that, Africa. priating today be used in fiscal 1978, that in completing the construction of a Pan­ It should be remembered that the Security amanian hydroelectric project, the Yugoslav Council first imposed selective sanctions is, be obligated and spent during this fiscal year. It is not enough that fiscal contractor, has never had any ties of any against Rhodesia in December, 1966, one kind with Jewish or Zionist firms nor per­ year after the white minority led by Ian 1978 moneys be allotted to the States, or sons, nor has 1t had transactions in which Smith had proclaimed independence from obligated by the States in fiscal 1978. there were any of those Zionist financial Britain. Since then the CouncU has been These funds must be spent in fiscal 1978, agencies. [translated from the Spanish J gradually reinforcing the sanction system. and spent in such a manner that allows The document, dated April 28, 1977, 1s At the time of the May 27 vote, all but the as many senior citizens as possible to re­ signed by Mr. Herrera, who I understand is a five Western delegations in the Security ceive the hot meals provided for by the cousin of Gen. Torrijos', and notarized by an Council were urging total isolation of Rho­ program. Only then will the congres­ official of the Panamanian Ministry of desia by cutting off rail, sea, air, postal, Foreign Relations. telegraphic, radio and other means of com­ sional purposes behind passage of title VII, and the relevant portion of this The suggestion offered by the document munications. The Western nations stopped is that Panama is willing to have "Zionists" this total sanction, at least temporarily, by appropriation bill, be satisfied. excluded from projects financed by Libya. voting to cut off funds for the Rhodesian If the document is evidence of Panamanian Information Omces. support for Libyan policies generally, then But let's just stick with the fundamentals. the recent incidents of anti-Semitism might The United States is, we like to think, the HUMAN RIGHTS IN PANAMA well be the first evidence of a far wider cam-. most enlightened nation on Earth. We insist paign directed at Jews and Zionists. This on the free flow of information, on the free would also bode poorly for Panamanian exchange of ideas, opinions and philosophies, HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL respect for American principles in other areas and on freedom of the press, for strictly OF NEW YOIUt given the general divergence of interest be­ selfish reasons. How else can we remain fully informed? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tween the United States and Libya. While I would not want to draw any So aside from what this crackdown means Monday, June 20, 1977 to Rhodesia, let's consider what it means broad conclusions from the limited evi­ to us. It is already extremely dimcult to Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, two dence brought to my attention, I do want get unbiased information from Africa, for separate issues confront the United to share with you my concern about these it is filtered through the "Third World" States in its relations with the Republic developments. I would expect that negotia­ communications system of the UN. The of Panama: Human rights and a new tions on the structure of any new relation­ Rhodesian Information omce offered us al­ ship between the United States and Panama canal treaty. should take account of any such trends. ternative thoughts, and some alternatives My colleagues know of my long inter­ and additional facts and figures. I trust the Department is already looking The "right" that has been violated by est in renegotiation of the canal treaty. into these matters, and I would appreciate the vote of the UN Security Council and by I am convinced a modified treaty could being advised of any findings. the Carter administration's incredible sup­ improve our relations with all of Latin Best personal regards. port of that vote, is not just the "right'' America, and better preserve our secu- Sincerely, of a foreign government to lobby in rity. · BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL, Washington. But in establishing our relations with Member of Congress. Rather, it is the "right to know" of the Panama on a more solid footing by con­ American people, and to learn as much as cluding a new treaty, we must not be they can about a highly-charged, highly­ explosive, transcendingly-important social . unmindful of increasing allegations of AN ENDORSEMENT OF THE DUTCH and economic situation that wm be occupy­ human rights violations in that country. ing our attention for years to come. According to recent press reports and Whether we like Rhodesia or not, it has information I have received from people liON. JAMES H. SCHEUER as much right as any other nation to pre­ close to events in Panama, there are OF NEW YORK sent its views to Americans. Thoughtful ominous signs of growing anti-Semitism IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans have a constitutionally-guaran­ in Panama. I outlined these charges in teed right to listen, if they so desire. a letter I sent on June 8 to Secretary of Monday, June 20, 1977 That is the issue, nothing less. State Cyrus Vance. I wish to share the Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, at sun­ contents of this letter with our col­ rise on Saturday, June 11, more than leagues: 2,000 Dutch police and soldiers st.ormed HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, a train and schoolhouse in which South SUPPORT HOT MEALS FOR SENIOR Washington, D.C., June 8,1977. CITIZENS Hon. CYRUS R. VANCE, Moluccan terrorists had been holding 55 Secretary of State, hostages for the past 20 days. News re­ Department of State, Washington, D.C. ports noted that two Dutch hostages and HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS DEAR MR. SECRETARY: As the United States four terrorists were killed and many OF CALIFORNIA prepares to embark on an era of new rela­ wounded in the strike by the Dutch Gov­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tions with the state of Panama, I want to be ernment. certain you are aware of reports of increased The Dutch Government deserves a Monday, June 20, 1977 anti-Semitism in that country. "bravo" for an action well conceived and Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, title VII Flyers have reportedly circulated in Pa­ nama in recent months calling for the ex­ flawlessly executed. The Dutch Govern­ of the Older Americans Act, establishes pulsion of Jews. Others have accused Jews ment had obviously learned the lesson an elderly nutrition program which pro­ in Panama of unsubstantiated lllegal activi­ taught the world by another small, brave vides hot meals daily to senior citizens ties. So prevalent have these attacks become nation last year as Israel invaded in a congregate meal setting. This pro­ that the Archblsho:> of Panama recently Uganda to free hostages held by another gram is of major importance to low-in­ thought it necessary to denounce them terrorist group. come elderly, many of whom depend on pubUcly. Until all nations learn this lesson­ title VII as a major source of suste­ The outbreak of anti-Semitism follows that terrorists cannot be bargained with, on the heels of a visit in April by the Pan­ nance. Indeed, title VII specifically states amanian Chief of State, Brig. Gen. Omar that terrorist groups cannot be allowed that preference in awarding program Torrijos, to Libya. That trip concluded with. to exchange prisoners for safe passage to grants shall be provided to projects serv­ the announcement of several major agree­ another country, that international ex­ ing a high proportion of elderly poor. ments on economic and military coopera­ tortionists cannot be allowed to exact Today we have appropriated $250 mil­ tion. The two countries arranged a periodic concessions from sovereign nation­ lion for the title VII program in fiscal exchange of m111tary delegations, and Libya states-terrorism will continue to pose a 1978. While this sum is well below the agreed to invest in a Panamanian copper problem around the world. The Dutch amount needed to reach the vast number mine, several immigration projects and a acted in the only way they could: After of poor senior citizens in our country, it new Arab bank with a capital of $100 m1llion. While Panama's part of the bargain is not negotiations failed they planned crea­ will allow many of these unfortunates to clear, some indication arises from a docu­ tively and struck forcefuly and rescued participate in the program. ment allegedly given to Libyan oftlcials their citizens. Because of the importance of this pro­ shortly after the visit. The document is pur­ Anyone desiring to see the day when gram to many senior citizens, particu­ portedly a certificate executed by Carlos terrorists no longer roam the world larly the elderly poor, it is critical that Perez Herrera, a member of the Panamanian should stand up and applaud the Dutch. June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 199715 They and the Israelis have taught us a the great circle "Lindbergh Route" of 50 There are evidently three schools of lesson we should never forget. years ago, which required 33 ~ hours. thought in the Soviet Union. There are The Spirit of St. Louis cost $10,000, the those, mainly in the republics, who believe Eagle fighters $13 million each. Advancing that the federal element in the structure of technology and increased cost of material the state should be greatly strengthened, to and labor, plus inflation, averaging 3 per cent allow for a real degree of devolution from LINDBERGH'S IMPACT per year, made the difference. Moscow. They may be roughly compared Everyone who knew Lindbergh well ad­ with those in the West, such as the Scots in HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE mired him and respected the principles by the United Kingdom or the Basques in Spain, which he always lived. He had more empathy, who believe, for historical and economic OF TEXAS understanding and appreciation for sergeants reasons, that they ought to govern them­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than generals, for grease monkeys than first selves. pilots, for borrowers than bankers, for la­ Monday, June 20, 1977 Then there are those, mainly in Moscow, borers than executives, and he desired it that who believe that an even greater degree of Mr. TEAGUE. Under leave to extend way. integration is required than exists already, my remarks in the RECORD, I wish to in­ to prevent the emergence of powerful na­ clude, Mr. Speaker, an article written by tionalist feelings that might threaten the retired Air Force Gen. Ira C. Eaker, RUSSIA'S CONSTITUTION: AN ILLU­ Kremlin's control of the non-Russian repub­ known to all of us, concerning the impact SORY RIGHT TO SECEDE lics. The third school of thought evidently of Lindbergh's flight, 50 years ago, on holds that the whole subject is potentially civil aviation: HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI so explosive that it is best to leave well [From the Dally Oklahoman, June 13, 1977] OF U..LINOIS enough alone. LINDBERGH'S IMPACT EXTENSIVE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is certainly a matter of great politic·al (By Lt. Gen. Ira C. Eaker) sensit ivity, and few details of the Soviet Monday, June 20, 1977 leadership debate on it have been allowed WASHINGTON .-It has been my privilege and to percolate into the public domain. But good fortune to attend or participate in sev­ Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is even some members of the Polltburo have on eral events commemorating the 50th anni­ apparent that developments within the occasion argued in favor of greater devolu­ versary of Charles A. Lindbergh's solo flight Soviet Union, especially as they relate to tion, as became evident after the Ukrainian from New York to Paris May 2~21, 1927. the plight of non-Russian peoples held party secretary, Pyotr Shelest, was dismissed These events were in San Diego, where the in bondage by the Kremlin, continue to from his post. The first party secretaries of Spirit of St. Louis was built, on Feb. 12; at frustrate Soviet authorities. such important republics as Armenia, St. Louis on April 22, and the Lindbergh Georgia and Azerbaijan were also dismissed luncheon of the Library of Congress on Too often Americans think of the in recent years amid indications that they May 20, followed that evening by a program peoples of the Soviet Union as being one had inclined to a "national Communist" assessing the significance of that flight, at rather than the diverse and historically viewpoint that favored the interests of their the National Air and Space Museum. conflicting nationalities that exist within own republics. Translated into constitutional The first time I saw Lindbergh was when the present borders of the U.S.S.R. It is terms, this means that they and others like he walked down the gang-plank of the important to note that non-Russian them believe that the federal element in the cruiser Memphis at the Washington Navy structure of the Soviet state should be Yard to the first official reception in the peoples theoretically have the right to strengthened. United States after his flight from New York secede. It was this debate that Brezhnev seems to to Paris. An article appearing in the Wash­ have been hinting at when he said recently My principal impressions were of a. young ington Post of June 15, by Victor Zorza, that experience had shown that the main man very personable, with an engaging, fleet­ is a reminder of the constant complica­ features of the Soviet federal structure had ing smile; tall, spare, somewhat ill at ease, "fully" justified themselves. "There is there­ slightly uncertain, who would have preferred tions that the Communist rulers face as fore no need," he argued, "to make any to be elsewhere, but who was earnestly try­ they attempt to suppress the legitimate changes of principle on the forms of the ing to conceal that desire. nationalisitc forces within the U.S.S.R. Soviet Socialist Federation." As is so often Thereafter, along with other Americans The article follows: the case in Soviet leadership debates, it is who were connected with aviation, civil or RussiA'S CONSTITUTION: AN ILLUSORY RIGHT only by deduction that one may conclude military, I followed Lindbergh's activities and TO SECEDE that someone had been arguing in favor of influence closely. The Soviet Union is in the throes of what changes. Otherwise, there would have been He deserves much credit for U.S. world no need for Brezhnev to reJect the idea of leadership in civil aviation. His exploration the Moscow newspapers describe as a "na­ tionwide debate." Every day Pravda, which change. of air routes, his advice and counsel on One of the suggested changes, to judge planes, engines and equipment and, above usually runs to about six pages, gives up a whole page to reports of the debate, with from an article that appeared in the Soviet all, the confidence and inspiration he gave press last year, was that the new constitution bankers and other flnancial supporters of the accounts of meetings being held in various replace the federal structure of the state infant air industry proved invaluable. parts of the Soviet Union, letters to the with a unitary one, so that the republics His contribution to military aviation was editor and specially written articles, all on should be controlled in law, as well as in much greater than generally recognized. The one subject: the new Soviet constitution. fact, from Moscow. The article recalled that air intelligence he furnished congressional So far, however, not a single voice has been Lenin regarded the federation as a "transi­ and military leaders from his visits to Nazi raised in protest against any of the pro­ tional stage" on the way to full unity. The Germany was accurate, timely and essential visions of the new constitution. The meetings time might come, the article suggested, when to prewar development of planes, engines being held in each of the 15 republics that the federal structure of the Soviet state and air crews for the great conflict that make up the Soviet Union pass resolutions followed. might hamper the "coming together" of the that "unanimously" approve the draft of the nations that compose it. This, it said, would He was never a Nazi sympathizer, al­ constitution recently unveiled in Moscow by raise the question of transition from a fed­ though he initially opposed U.S. entry into Party Secretary Leonid Brezhnev. But the eral to a unitary state-a prospect the article World War II. He made repeated applications speech made on the subject by Brezhnev warmly commended. to join the Army Air Corps for combat duty himself did contain some hints of differences Actually, no such changes were made in but was denied this opportunity by Presi­ in the leadership. dent Franklin Roosevelt because of his war the new constitution, presumably because opposition prior to Pearl Harbor. The Soviet Union 1s formally a "federal" those who believed that it is better to let Thereafter, Gen. H. H. Arnold sent him state, with each of the republics retaining sleeping dogs lie had won the day. But does it to the Pacific theater as a. civil1an engineer, certain constitutional rights. The right of a matter what the constitution says? On some where he contributed greatly to the air war republic to secede from the Soviet Union, issues it does matter. Obviously no republic in that area. by extending the range of air­ which was written into the Stalin constitu­ could secede from the Soviet Union by just craft and as a test pilot, often engaging in tion of 1936, has always been an empty declaring its wish to do so, even though the combat. formality, as have been most of the other provision that allows this ha.s been carried The 50th anniversary of Lindbergh's Paris "rights." But the nationalist sentiments that over from the Stalin to the Brezhnev con­ flight served dramatically to emphasize how have come to the surface from time to time stitution. But if the first secretaries of some technology and time have changed the aero­ in the various Soviet republics must have of the more important Soviet republics were space world. the Kremlin wondering whether the right to again to develop nationalistic leanings, they On April 29, 23 F15 Eagle fighters of the secede should be retained. Reports reaching might demand that the rights "guaranteed" u.s. Air Force flew nonstop, refueling in the West from the Soviet Union have in­ by the constitution be honored. fiigh t, from Langley Air Force Base, Virginia, dicated that this was one of the sub1ects The new constitution has abolished, for to Bitburg, Germany, in seven and a half under discussion during the drafting of the instance, the right of each republic to raise hours. For most of the flight, they followed new constitution. its own military units. No republic has made 19976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 any use of this right any more than the right Nor does the State policy impinge on the man universally respected and interna­ to secede. Why, then, should the first be constitutional right established by the Jus­ dropped and the other retained? Evidently tices in 1973, when it struck down State laws tionally acclaimed for his talent and because the Kremlin feared that in certain forbidding abortions, Powell said in the leadership. That he was a visionary no circumstances nationalist agitation might Connecticut case. one would dispute, a visionary who could lead to demands that some of the republics He said the State's regulation furthers its convert his ideas into a reality that has be allowed to form their own mmtary units. "strong and legitimate interest in encourag­ inspired the people of the United States In the end, however, it 1s not the constitu­ ing normal childbirth." and the world. His name is recognized in tion but the facts of life that wlll weaken Subsidizing of costs incident to chlldbirth the most sophisticated centers and most the dominant position of the Russians in the ls a rational means of encouraging child_­ -humble corners of the world. Soviet Union. Russians now constitute little birth, Powell said, and States have a w1de more than half the population of the Soviet latitude in choosing among competing de­ Even with the death of Wernher von Union, and their birthrate is declining, while mands for limited public funds. Braun, he is v~ry much with us. His that of the non-Russians, particularly in the Dissenters were Justice Harry Blackmun, works are monumental. The benefits we Asian part of the Soviet Union, ts rising rap­ who wrote the 1973 opinion, and Justices derive from his pioneering efforts will idly. It is already clear that by the 1980s William Brennan and Thurgood Marshall. continue to enrich the intellectual and some Soviet milltary units wlll consist pre­ Congress has barred use of Federal pay­ material life of everyone. dominantly of non-Russians. It 1s easier to ments to the States for this purpose and is It is a great loss to all of us who have write new constitutions than to change dem­ considering renewal of the ba.n. They have ographic trends. had the benefit of knowing Wernher von continued during Court challenges. Braun well. His example serves to en­ The 1973 decision said in the first trimes­ ter of pregnancy the decision to have a baby courage all of us to strive mightily for ls up to a woman and her doctor. After that di1Ilcult, sometimes seemingly unattain­ THE HYDE AMENDMENT IS INDEED stage, Stat es may engage in varying degrees able, goals. We are not saying goodby to CONSTITUTIONAL of regulation. Wernher von Braun. We shall be re­ In the Connecticut and Pennsylvania minded always that he, a giant of the cases, lower courts ruled in favor of low­ late 20th century space age, lives on HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN Income women who sought abortions under through his contributions to our Nation OF MARYLAND medicaid. and people. Medicaid plans must meet various require­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ments to qualify for Federal money but the Monday, June 20, 1977 States have considerable leeway in meeting their own individual needs. Pennsylvania Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, last Fri­ limits its medicaid to medically necessary WEST FRONT day the House, by the vote of 201 to 155, services, including abortions if the health of passed the amendment to the HEW ap­ the mother ls threatened or if an infant may propriation bill offered by our distin­ be born mentally or physically impaired. HON. DEL CLAWSON guished colleague from illinois, HENRY The suit was won by llindigent pregnant OF CALIFORNIA women in Pittsburgh on the basis of a con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HYDE. Repeatedly, during the last year flict between the State law and the Social since the amendment was first proposed, Security Act. Monday, June 20, 1977 we have heard the ringing voice of self­ The Connecticut case was brought in New Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, in appointed constitutionalists that the Haven by five indigent women seekin g abor­ some circumstances the Congress acts amendment was unconstitutional and tions, although the State law permits them with extraordinary speed with the re­ surely to be struck down by the Supreme only if a doctor certlfles the procedure is medically or psychiatrically necessary. sulting "haste makes waste" perform­ Court of the United States. The same ance. At other times the slow grinding argument was repeated again during de­ Federal courts have upheld Ohio and Utah regulations restricting medicaid payments to of the legislative gears provides the Na­ bate last Friday. therapeutic abort ions, but Missouri's law has tion with good legislation. Then, the is­ Now the Court has ruled and the posi­ been invalidated. sue of the "West Front" reaches the top tion of those of us who have supported In a third case, the Justices ruled in favor of the stack periodically. The debate the Hyde amendment has been vindi­ of St. Louis ofiicials who were ordered by a rises to emotional heights and subsides cated. Hopefully this will lead to its re­ lower court to make abortions avallable in to dormant Rip Van Winkle status un­ newed adoption by both Houses of the city hospitals to women who cannot afford them. til another burst of zenith-nadir activ­ Congress and also to one other very 1m­ ity, without any decision. Marjorie, my portant action. Perhaps now the appro­ The case was brought in U.S. district court by an unamed "Jane Doe," who was refused wife, is increasingly concerned about the priate committees of both Houses of an abortion at Starkloff Memorial Hospital. changing pattern of architecture and the Congress will allow a right-to-life Speaking for the dissenters in the Con­ failures of historic preservation in the amendment to be debated and acted upon necticut case, Brennan said the court's anal­ Nation's Capital. Her lectures to me on on the floor. The frustration which this ysis shows "a distressing insensitivity to the the subject are not infrequent. The col­ parliamentary denial has caused has plight of impoverished pregnant women." umn by George F. Will, published in the produced the Hyde amendment and it is The disparity in St ate funding "clearly Washington Post, June 16, 1977, gave time Congress be allowed to act on the operates to coerce indigent pregnant women to bear children they would not otherwise rise to the latest admonition from the larger issue. choose to have, a.nd just as clearly this coer­ distaff side. It is suggested that this only I include at this point a dispatch from cion can only operate upon the poor, who touches the surface. United Press International detailing the are uniquely the victims of this form of My colleagues, regardless of your Court's decision: financial pressure," Brennan wrote. opinion or position on the subject, you ABORTION The opinion said the majority has focused should consider the arguments of Mr. WASHINGTON-The Supreme Court ruled on whether all women are equally protected George Will and Mrs. Clawson before 6 to 3 today that neither the Constitution and ignored the claim that the denial im­ you "set your feet in concrete'' on the nor the social security law requires States to pinges on a woman's privacy. extension versus restoration of the West fund elect ive abortions for medicaid patients. Front of the Capitol. The article by Mr. The decision was a victory for the Federal Government, which has taken the position Will from the Washington Post of June that the right to an abortion does not also DR. WERNHER VON BRAUN 16 follows: imply a right to free treatment. ANOTHER MINDLESS ATTACK ON THE WEST President Carter opposes use of Federal FRONT funds for abortions. HON. DON FUQUA (By George F. Wlll) In cases from Pennsylvania and Connecti­ OF FLORIDA The reslllence of bad ideas is demon­ cut, Justice Lewis Powell said a State may IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strated, again, by the fact that, again, some make a policy choice favoring normal child­ elements in Congress propose tacking an ex­ birth. Monday, June 20, 1977 tension onto the nation's foremost public When Congress passed the Social Security Mr. FUQUA. Mr. Speaker, Friday, building, the Capitol. This benighted pro­ Act, non-therapeutic abortions were unlaw­ posal tests Congress' sense of trusteeship, ful in most States, a fact which undermines June 17, 1977, marks the passing of a the hallmark of civlUzation. the contention that the lawmakers intended man dedicated to the growth of knowl­ Pierre Charles l'Enfant, whose mark on to require-rather than permit-participat­ edge, a man of gr~at compassion, a man the Federal City has been lasting and benefi­ ing States to fund such abortions, Powell of brilliance. Yet those terms fall to cap­ cent, saw Jenkins Heights as "a pedestal said. ture the nature and the fullness of a waiting for a monument." So today it is Cap- June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19977 itol Hill crowned by the dome that, accord­ work of previous generations and holding it QUANTITY AND QUALrrY OF RECRUITS ing to ~ distinguished architect, "is better in trust for subsequent generations. Preser­ Contrary to the fears expressed when the known throughout the civillzed world than vation of the Capitol is a test of Congress' draft ended in December of 1972, the m111tary any object except the Great Pyramid.... As fitness for trusteeship, the most important services, since that time, have successfully a dome and as a symbol, it is the most suc­ measure of fitness to govern. enlisted more than 400,000 qualified individ­ cessful ever bullt." uals annually, roughly the number deter­ The Capitol's west Front overlooks the mined to be necessary to meet United States green sweep of the Mall, and the Washington defense requirements. In the past fiscal year, Monument and Lincoln Memorial. It is the THE ALL VOLUNTEER FORCE: A for example, the Army, Navy, Air Force, and face congress presents to the executive RUMSFELD ANALYSIS Marine Corps together achieved over 99 per­ branch, which is scattered below in less dis­ cent of their strength targets. The figures tinguished buildings along Pennsylvania and for the first months of Fiscal Year 1977 show Constitution avenues. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER recruitment to be even stronger. In short, It is, therefore, appropri.ate that the West the AVF is statistically meeting the quanti­ Front is the last exposed portion of the orig­ OF WISCONSIN tative goals for active duty personnel-with­ inal Capitol, the last visible link with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES out the crutch of compulsion. government's infancy. And it would be in­ Monday, June 20, 1977 While the numbers are there, one issue tolerable for Congress to bury this beneath is whether quality has been sacrificed to an unnecessary and indefensible extension. Mr. STEIGER. Mr. Speaker, of all achieve the numbers necessary. Here again, Advocates of the extension use two argu­ those in a position to know how well the the record is positive. The percentage of ments that demonstrate that two We3k argu­ all volunteer military force is serving our high school graduates among all recruits has ments do not make one strong argument. Nation, probably no one has a better stea.dlly improved since 1974 and is currently They argue that Congress needs additional perspective than former Secretary of De­ at approximately the level it was in 1964, the space, and that an extensioa is the o-nly solu­ last pre-Vietnam War draft year. The number t ion to the structural weakness of the West fense Donald Rumsfeld. of recruits with average or above average Front. As Secretary of Defense, Don Rums­ scores on the military's aptitude test has in­ No one denies that the West Front needs feld was privY to all the information, creased since 1964, while those with below to be repaired. The perfidious British burnt good and bad, on the progress of the average scores has actually decreased. t he Capitol in 1814, and the West Front was volunteer force. His unqualified analysis, Aside from these statistics, other factors damaged a gain in 1851 when there was a as stated in the spring 1977 issue of the more difficult to measure must also be con­ fire in the quarters that then held the Li­ Journal of the Institute for Socioeco­ sidered. The fact is that men and women brary of Congress. And the soft sandstone nomic Studies, is that, "It must, at this today join the Armed Forces because they wall has suffered from the elements. wish to serve, seek the training provided, and Congressmen and senators who favor the time, be considered a success." desire a challenging assignment with rea­ extension insist that restoration C3.nnot make Former Secretary Rumsfeld responds sonably competitive pay. No one joins the the wall safe--that it must be buttressed by to some of the concerns that have been United States Armed Forces today because an extension. But an engineering study com­ expressed about the AVF, dealing with they are forced to do so. Consequently, the missioned by Congress sll.ys restoration is such questions as cost, representative­ troops are more highly motivated and ded­ feasible, and the American Institute of ness and quality. He concludes: icated, with unit spirit and cooperation Architects emphatically says restoration is high. On numerous trips to military bases preferable. The idea that restoring the wall It is working even better than many of around the country and around the world, is beyond the wit of man is plainly an idea those of us who were the original proponents senior Defense officials sense a renewed pride that beggars believe. ho.d reason to expect. which, though difficult to quantify, is cen­ Worse than Congress' trying to solve its Don Rumsfeld's thoughtful analysis is tral to the important work of the dedicated space problems at the expense of the Capitol's men and women in uniform. architectural integrity would be Congress' important reading for all who are con­ cerned about the status of today's mili­ COSTS OF THE AVF doing so before allocating existing space sen­ Granted that the AVF has worked well sibly. No one contends that the various "hide­ tary and its prospects for the future. I enough to maintain Unted States military away" offices awarded to senior legislators are commend it to your attention: - strength and quality, and morale has im­ perquisites indispensable to the commonweal. THE ALL VOLUNTEER FORCE proved, the question is asked: have we paid And no one doubts that space gained by (By Donald H. Rumsteld) too high a price? At first glance, it might the proposed extension would be used, at appear so. Costs for defense personnel have least in part, for more such perquisites. During my time in government service, an all volunteer force for the Uni·ted States more than doubled between 1964 and 1976. Before congressmen and senators, seeking As a percentage of the total defense budget, Lebensraum, commit vandalism on the sym­ Armed Services was conceived, put forward, considered, and brought into existence. It is manpower costs rose from 47.6 percent in bol of American democracy, they should ex­ FY 1964 to 60.4 percent in FY 1976. However, pand underground and should remove from now in its fifth year. It must, at this time, be considered a success. during the past Administration, this trend the Capitol such occupants as the disbursing began to be reversed. In FY 1977, the total office, barber shops and the most conspicuous I supported the end of the draft in the manpower costs declined to 58 percent and, offender, the sprawling domain (at least 42 1960's while serving as a Member of the in later years, the declining percentage is reams) of the Capitol architect, who is the United States House of Representatives. Most scheduled to continue. most persistent advocate of the extension. recently, as Secretary of Defense, I have Nonetheless, the argument is made that The 1llmsiest argument for the extension helped execute the All Volunteer Force manpower costs are high and do take re­ is that it would not cost "much" more than (AVF). I continue to support the concept of sources which might otherwise be available restoration of the west Front. Conceivably choice--as opposed to compulsion-as the tor high priority items of weapons procure­ that is true; certainly it is irrelevant. A good most equitable and effective manner of as­ ment and logistical support, and that the price does not make a bargain of a bad idea. suring well qualified and motivated Armed AVF is the culprit. However, the facts indi­ The extension (60 feet at its widest point) Forces of the size necessary during peace­ cate otherwise. Specifically, pay increases for would reduce the view of the splendid dome time for the security of our country. first-termers-whose salaries directly relate and would fiatten the west facade, the con­ In recent months, Members of Congress to the attractiveness of Joining the m111- tours of which express the bicameral legisla­ and the Executive Branch, and some outside tary-a.ccounted for only 18 percent of the tive principle. With the National Historic of government, have raised doubts about the 113 percent increase in total personnel costs Preservation Act of 1966, Congress declared future desirab111ty and adequacy of the AVF. between FY 1968 and 1974. Retirement pay, that "the historical and cultural foundations The concerns being expressed today are re­ civilian salaries, officers' pay and benefits of the nation" should be preserved "to give markably s1milar to those heard ten years comprised the vast portion of the increase. a sense of orientation to the American peo­ ago during the initial consideration of the Retirement pay, for example, increased nearly ple." Yet some legislators contemplate bury­ AVF in the Congress. Critics contend today, eight times, while basic military pay less than ing a splendid achievement of the republic's as they did then, that eliminating the draft doubled. earliest architects, completed over 150 years makes the Armed Forces costly, unrepre­ Even the 18 percent for increases in first­ ago. These legislators would do this for the sentative of the society at large, and unable narrowest reasons of convenience, reasons termers' pay was not entirely due to the AVF. to attract high quality recruits in sufftclent It was ln the late 1960's, before the AVF, that that could be used to justify paving the numbers, particularly during periods of high Mall for parking. the idea arose, as part of pay comparabiUty employment. Unlike a decade ago, however, legislation, to make civilian and milltary pay There are barbarians within the Capitol's today we have experience with the AVF, roughly equal. Before that time, the low pay gates. Fortunately, there are formidable per­ rather than merely expectation, and one can for first-termers placed thousands of those in sons-sen. Ernest Hollings (D-S.C.) con­ look at the four-year record. By so doing, it uniform below the poverty level. As a result, spicious among them-whose sense of trus­ 1s possible to learn something of the socio­ many were relying on food stamps and wel­ teeship is commensurate with the grand economic implications of the AVF for our fare assistance, a practice that has been re­ building entrusted to them. society, and the question of whether it can duced considerably and should, 1n time, be Preservation is a civilizing task; it involves meet our country's basic defense require­ eliminated altogether. I considered it then, discerning and cherishing the most excellent ments. as I do now, basically unfair for the United 19978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 States government to conscript young men fall of 1974, when the overall unemployment At present, almost all Reserve Components and then, in effect, to tax them by paying rate was 5.4 percent-relatively low by to­ are below the statutory floor levels. The them only 60 percent of the amount their day's standards-the m11itary services were shortfalls of the Army Reserve and Army peers not in the service were receiving for successful in sustaining the na tiona! re­ reasonably similar work. National Guard are the most serious, now quirements without the use of compulsion. totaling 43,000 and estimated. to exceed 100,- Were the Congress to maintain the prin­ Part of the attraction of young men and 000 by the end of FY 1978. However, this ciple of pay comparabil1ty-keeping first­ women to the m111tary, including those who situation may not be permanent in that it termers at basically the same salary as their could find attractive jobs in the private sec­ is due largely to the departure of those who civ111an counterparts--then a return to the tor, 1s undoubtedly the training opportuni­ entered the Reserves durmg the Vietnam draft today would "save" but one-quarter to ties available in the Armed Services. The draft years and the lack of sufficient num­ one-third of a blllion dollars, less than one m111tary today spends upward of $8 billion bers of new recruits to take their places. percent of the current defense budget. These per year on a wide range of training and edu­ While serious, this problem of Reserve costs, the budget items for recruiting, adver­ cational programs. The subject taught in­ shortfalls may be alleviated through various tising, and enllstment bonuses, do not seem clude many of those involving the most management programs. The Army has re­ excessive if we as a Nation are to allow young sophisticated aspects of our economy, in­ cently included manpower and funding men the freedom to determine for themselves cluding the training of pilots and mainte­ items to place full-time recruiters and train­ their occupation and their future in peace­ nance crews on modern complex aircraft and ers in Selected Reserve units, and the Re­ time. To use compulsion, the draft, as the submarines. At times, the lure of the mar­ serve Compensation System Study Group is tool to force men to serve when it is not nec­ ketplace has forced the services to extend currently evaluating Reserve pay to attempt essary for our national security, and then to, commitments of those entering a particular in effect, tax them by paying them substand­ to remedy the problem in the future. field. For example, those trained ·to handle The second area endangering the AVF is ard wages, would hardly be a fl. ttlng cap to our bicentennial celebrations. nuclear material and fac111ties must agree the demographic trends which suggest that to six years in the military. After this time, the pool of qualified and available young REPRESE:NTATIVE ARMED FORCES when the government has reaped some re­ males seem to be declining. At present, the When debating whether to end the draft ward from the high-level training, then they military services must attract 100 out of some years ago, some in the Congress as­ may enter a number of the more lucrative each 290 qualified and available young men serted that an All Volunteer Force would be areas in the economy. to meet its quotas, and the AVF is fulfilling dangerously unrepresentative of the society The Services have conducted a number of this requirement. The difilculty will come, at large. Experience suggests that such fears, unique training programs. For example, however, as that pool decreases. Between by and large, were unfounded. The Armed Project 100,000 began over a decade ago. It 1985 and 1990, the military wlll have to at­ Forces today generally reflects the popula­ was designed to take individuals who had tract 100 out of 230, and, between 1990 and tion at large. received low scores on the aptitude test and 1995, 100 out of 260. A recent Defense Department survey thus appeared to be unsuitable for various Such estimates, though the best available showed no market difference between a re­ positions, and gave them specialized train­ today, are quite rough. Even if true, they as­ cruit's family income and that of the general ing. Although there were difficulties, a num­ sume that mmtary manpower needs will re­ population. In fact, there is presently a trend ber became productive members of the mili­ main static. Clearly world conditions and towards more middle income representation tary, and presumably of society afterwards. defense requirements may change. Public at ­ in the Armed Forces and a decline in the pro­ To take another example, the Defense Race titudes may alter in some unpredictable portion drawn from lower income areas. Re­ Relations Institute was begun years ago to ways. Improved retention is not only desil'­ gional representation has also been met. Ten train those in the military to recognize po­ able, but dictated by sound management. states with 53 percent of male youth popula­ tential racial problems and to deal effectively Furthermore, changes may be made to en­ tion now provide 53 percent of the new re­ with them. This type of program was new in large the total personnel pool in several ways. cruits, and the twenty most populous states the field and has been since replicated out­ The role to women could be expanded, as with 75 percent of the male youth popula­ side of the Defense Department. could the number of jobs for clv111ans which tion provide 75 percent of the new recruits. As extensive as training in the military are presently performed by uniformed per­ The original concerns about the possibility has become, it must be seen in its proper sonnel. Emphasis could be given to higher of an all-Black enlisted Army have also context. The primary function of this, and reenlistments for first-termers and accepting proven unfounded. While the percentage of every other aspect of military life, is to fur­ a greater number of individuals who have black recruits almost doubled between FY ther the defense forces of the United States had prior service. Physical requirements 1964 and 1974, it has decllned since then. in order to maintain deterrence and help fur­ could be reevaluated and modified accord­ Last year, 16.9 percent of new recruits were ther peace and stability in the world. Mili­ ing to the present needs of the increasingly black, a figure that most would not consider tary training programs should be conducted technologically sophisticated Armed Forces. to be excessively out of line or a matter of with this goal clearly in mind. But, those Greater attention could also be paid to lat­ concern. On the contrary, many support the programs which work effectively in the mili­ eral entry, so that doctors, engineers, and AVF in part because they consider the Armed tary, if properly understood, may well be ap­ other skilled personnel could enlist at the Forces a fine opportunity for young men to propriate for replication in the private sector. rank of their Army peers. Finally, improve­ receive a challenging job with comparable However, Americans should not expect the ments can always be made in recruiting by pay and valuable training which may well be m111tary to be a training ground to prepare improving management and increasing the applicable later in civilian life. Those who those in uniform to acquire productive skills incentives. fear disproportionate black casualties in time for civil1an life. This is the proper function CONSIDERING ALTERNATIVES of conflict ignore the fact that a national of the education system, the private sector emergency would require use of standby and the non-military manpower programs. In short, the All Volunteer Force is work­ draft authority to conscript the manpower ing. The mllitary services are recruiting and To assign the military the task of training retaining the numbers of qualified and dedi­ needed to deal with the situation, thereby people for civilian employment would be to alleviating any previous imbalance. cated Americans needed in the United States select the wrong instrument, inevitably di­ Armed Forces. The problems which lie on the RECRUITMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT lute the defense function of our Services as horizon, at present, seem to be manageable Finally, some critics today believe that the well, q,nd to distort the defense budget which ones. But, the merit of the AVF becomes par­ AVF has been able to meet the United states must go to building American defense ca­ t icularly clear when considered in light of mmtary manpower requirements with qual­ pablllties. Still, the record of military train­ the alternatives. ity recruits primarily because of the rela­ ing has been a good one, and one that has, Returning to the draft and forcing service tively high rate of unemployment in the as an additional benefit rather than as a pri­ at reduced pay and benefits for first-termers United States since 1972, particularly among mary function, helped the United States is basically unfair. While it could "save" an the youth population. Undoubtedly, the un­ economy in general. estimated $3 b11lion a year and meet United employment rate does influence the abil1ty of PROBLEM AREAS States manpower needs, it would do so at the the Armed Forces to compete for recruits. While the overall performance of the All heavy price of, in effect, taxing those who Rough estimates indicate that for each one Volunteer Force has been characterized by are drafted. Most Americans, understandably, percent reduction in the unemployment rate, success, there remain two areas of concern. would find that approach unacceptable. another 21,000 individuals in the qualified First, the Army, Navy, Air Force and Ma­ The different course of returning to the and available military manpower pool would rine Corps Reserve Forces are overall below draft but maintaining comparable pay for be able to obtain civilian employment. Still, their desired strength levels and the current first-termers would result in saving about the unemployment factor may not be as trends are unfavorable. 'I'his is of concern $400 to $500 million annually. While assur­ significant for the future of the AVF as often since the Total Force policy involves in­ ing United States military manpower needs, thought. creased United States reliance on the Re­ the draft would still be fundamentally in­ The record suggests that the mtlitary ca.n serve Components to augment the relatively equitable even with the use of a lottery, since compete with private employment. At pres­ low number of active peacetime forces in some would be forced to serve and others ent, over half of the high school recruits time of crisis. The Selected Resarves are nec­ would not. were employed before they joined the mili­ essary to augment the active force units and Universal military training and service tary, with some 41 percent holding full time the Individual Ready Reserves are expected seems equitable on its face, in that every jobs before they left for the attractions of to provide individuals trained for replace­ able-bodied American in a certain age group the Armed Services. During the summer and ment and augmentation in time of crisis. would be included. And, it would meet United June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19979 States military personnel needs and enable period when the Revolution remade the Salvation comes from Christ on high, the Defense Department to reduce some re­ thought of the country, and on until the Haste on Tribunal Day. cruiting costs. However, it might well not establishment of our land as a Republic. We cry as Sinners to the Lord, save money in the long run in that costs for Passing all his life in slavery, Hammon Salvation to obtain; tralnlng and support would be large, con­ It is firmly fixt his holy Word, sidering the vastly expanded manpower pool clung to the salvation of religion and was Ye shall not cry in vain. involved. Also, it would unquestionably re­ caught up in the fervor o! deep Method­ Dear Jesus unto Thee we cry, duce morale since thousands would be in ist beliefs and Christianity. In other And make our Lamentation: serving against their wishes. times, under other circumstances, he may 0 let our Prayers ascend on high; Finally, there are proposals !or mandatory well have been a minister of some sorts. We felt thy Balvation. national service, which would require every His poetry, as such, refiect.s his pro­ Lord turn our dark benighted Souls; young American-male and female-to spend Give us a true Motion, a year or two on national projects, either in found religious convictions. And let the Hearts of all the World, the military or in the Peace Corps, VISTA. Then, as now, Jupiter Hammon stands Make Christ their Salvation. hospital work, environmental matters or as a monument to willpower, fortitude, Ten Thousand Angels cry to Thee, other public service activities. This proposal and courage. Virtually self-educated, he Yea louder than the Ocean. would appear more equitable, as most would painstakingly learned to write and pub­ Thou art the Lord, we plalnly see; serve, but it is difficult to see equity between lish his compositions, and in so doing, Thou art the true Salvation. Social Service and border guard duty. Also, Now is the Day, excepted Time; the costs would be enormous, approximately entered the American black into Amer­ The Day of Salvation; $50 blllion per year assuming a basic mini­ ican literature. For that reason alone, Increase your Faith, do not repine: mum wage for each individual involved. The Jupiter Hammon deserves recognition. Awake ye every Nation. bureaucratic assignment and support mecha­ But the truth remains that in the com­ Lord unto whom now shall we go, nisms would have to be monstrous and the pany of "religious" poets this "captive Or seek a safe Abode; record of the United States government does slave" is virtually peerless. Thou hast the Word Salvation too not reveal a talent sufficient to assure each 25, The only Son of God. individual a productive experience. Ir.deed, it On June the Society for the Study Ho! every one that hunger hath, is well beyond the competence of the Fed­ of Afro-American Life and History will Or pineth after me, eral government, even with the best of present a national historical marker in Salvation be thy leading Staff, intentions. recognition of Jupiter Hammon's literary To set the Sinner free. AN EXPERIMENT THAT IS WORKING accomplishments. The presentation will Dear Jesus unto Thee we fiy; Depart, depart from Sin, In considering the All Volunteer Force, I occur at the Lloyd Manor House. I com­ mend the society for recognizing the mo­ Salvation doth at length supply, am reminded of Winston Churchlll's com­ The Glory of our King. ment on democracy: that it is "the worst mentous contributions of the slave-poet. Come ye Blessed of the Lord, form of government, except for all these I am glad to see Jupiter Hammon receive Salvation greatly given; other forms that have been tried from time this undeniably merited praise. We in the 0 turn your Hearts, accept the Word, to time." Long Island community have long been Your Souls are flt for Heaven. The All Volunteer Force is a most sensible petitioning the State of New York to Dear Jesus we now turn to Thee, experiment. It is working even better than place the Lloyd Manor House-where Salvation to obtain; many of those of us who were the original Our Hearts and Souls do meet again, proponents had reasnn to expect. The end of Jupiter Hammon was born and lived his life-on the National Register of Historic To magnify thy Name. the draft has enabled young men to t~tan Come holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, their careers or participation in military life Sites so that it would be eligible for funds The Object of our Care; for themselves. It has enabled the United to restore its beauty and grandeur. It is Salvation doth increase our Lnve; States Armed Forces to recruit the necessary my hope that this national recognition Our Hearts hath felt thy fear. numbers of qualified men and women who for Hammon and his work will encourage Now Glory be to God on High, wish to serve and give a period of years to a well-deserved favorable decision from Salvation high and low; their country, In so doing they, of their own Albany. And thus the Soul on Christ rely, choice, are contributing to the security of the To Heaven surely go. United States and helping to further peace Mr. Speaker, I would like to take this Come Blessed Jesus, Heavenly Dove, and stability in our untidy world. opportunity to share with my colleagues Acceot Repentance here; Hammon's first published composition, Salvation give, with tender Love; and one of his most beautiful, "An Let us with Angels share. F1n1s. Evening Thought": A TRIDUTE TO JUPITER HAMMON AN EVENING THOUGHT SALVATION BY CHRIST, WITH PENITENTIAL CRIES SWITCHING TO COAL HON. JEROME A. AMBRO Salvation comes by Christ alone, OF NEW YORK The only Son of God; Redemption now to every one, HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES That love his holy Word. Monday, June 20, 1977 Dear Jesus we would fly to Thee, OF TENNESSEE And leave off every Sin, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. AMBRO. Mr. Speaker, unlike much Thy tender Mercy well agree; of the rest of the world, our Nation's Salvation from our King; Monday, June 20, 1977 heritage is built upon the foundation of Salvation comes now from the Lord, Mr. Qun..LEN. Mr. Speaker, I wish to people's of all nationalities working to­ Our victorious King. insert at this point in the REcORD the gether as Americans. Deeply rooted in His holy Name be well ador'd, text of a most thoughtful and informa­ our glorious history, and often over­ Salvation surely bring. Dear Jesus give thy Spirit now, tive paper delivered by one of my con­ looked, lie the contributions o! one such Thy Grace to every Nation, stituents, Mr. George C. Sells, to the people, the African slaves. Though That han't the Lord to whom we bow, "switching-to-coal" forum that was slavery remains a regrettable chapter in The Author of Salvation. sponsored by the Energy Research and our past, many slaves managed, despite Dear Jesus unto Thee we cry, Development Administration in Pitts­ the grip of their bondage, to become valu­ Give us the Preparation; burgh, Pa. on June 6 to 7, 1977. able contributors to the humanistic and Turn not away thy tender Eye; Mr. Sells is the president of General literary legacy of America. A perfect ex­ We seek thy true Salvation. Shale Products Corp. of Johnson City, Salvation comes from God we know, ample was Jupiter Hammon, this coun­ The true and only One; Tenn., in my district. General Shale is a try's first published Afro-American poet. It's well agreed and certain true, fine business firm which makes an im­ Almost symbolically, much as Ham­ He gave his only Son. portant contribution to the community, mon's works seem to have spurred the Lord hear our penitential Cry: and Mr. Sells is a businessman who development of Negro poetry in the Salvation from above; knows what he is doing and can write United States, his lifetime parallels the It is the Lord that doth supply, about it. birth of a nation. Born about 1720, Ju­ With his Redeeming Love. His paper deals with converting oil piter Hammon labored as a slave for Dear Jesus by thy precious Blood, The World Redemption have: and gas-fired brick kilns to coal. He has Mr. Henry Lloyd at the Lloyd Manor Salvation now comes from the Lord, developed a new technology that works House in Lloyd Neck, N.Y. Hammon lived He being thy captive slave. and which is increasingly attractive in through the years when the churches in Dear Jesus let the Nations cry, cost as oil and natural gas prices rise. America were democratized, through the And all the People say, The diagrams and drawings which ac- CXXIII--1257-Part 16 19980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, i977 companied the paper could not be rate. Distribution of the granulated coal into culating fans were installed to provide heat printed in the RECORD. This is un­ the four outlets at the distribution head was ln these lower temperature zones and, with fortunate because they illustrate the sometimes troublesome, particularly when some increase in electrical usage, we can now technique described in the paper in we ran into wet or incorrectly sized coal. fire with 100 percent coal. simple yet picturesque style. There were other shortcomings not con­ Coal quality 1s important. A low grade nected with performance capab111ties, such metallurgical or high grade industrial coal As we move toward the conversion as: the system was big and bulky and in­ is ideal and it 1s important that it be con­ from oil and gas to coal, America is go­ volved a lot of mechanics, stokers were ex­ sistent. Ash content should not exceed 5 per­ ing to rely upon intelligent and enter­ pensive to install and maintain, and it was cent and fusion temperature must exceed prising businessmen such as Mr. Sells to somewhat dirty. the highest temperature likely to be encoun­ develop the successful technologies re­ Several methods of firing were tried and tered In the kiln. Sulfur content is not quired for this massive national change­ burner lances were repositioned many times. critical to kiln performance but you must over. We tried firing through the crown into trans­ meet EPA standards for sulfur emissions. verse fire lanes using an intermittent push, Particulate emission has not been a problem. It is for this reason, and not without firing through the crown into in-line fire some local pride on my part, that I now The brick themselves act as a k1ngsize fly lanes using a continuous push, combination ash arrestor with the~ coal ash contained make Mr. Sells' paper available to the top and side firing in various configurations, within the brick package. If low ash coal Is Congress and commend it to my col­ etc. Our best results came from side firing used, the ash 1s shipped out with the product leagues: directly into the ware during a continuous since it constitutes a negligible fraction of COAL FIRING TECHNOLOGY FOB EXISTING SmE push. This gave us a better distribution of the product weight (less tha~ .1 of 1 per­ heat and enabled us to switch from natural FIRED TuNNEL KILNS 1 cent.) Emission control equipment will be gas to coal without loss of productive ca­ required at some point in time and should be Insofar as industry 1s concerned, "solar pacity. power is for the angels, geothermal for the included in capital requirements. Meanwhile, work was underway on a waste It is becoming increasingly difficult to get worms and wind power for the birds." If we heat coal dryer and coal preparation system. expect to solve our industrial energy prob­ the permits needed to convert a kiln to coal I won't comment on that here except to say despite all the official rhetoric about wider lems, coal will have to be the answer for at that the ab111ty to deliver correctly sized dry least the next decade. use of resources ln plentiful supply and con­ coal to the feeder system is absolutely essen­ servation of those ln short supply. We had As far back as three thousand years ago, tial. King Solomon observed that there 1s nothing t:o problem at all on our initial development It 1s not difficult to burn coal in the ideal work-we just didn't tell anybody what we new under the sun. Definitely the use of coal combustion environment of a tunnel kiln. If for burning brick is not a new thing. Even were doing until we had a relatively clean you can get it there, it will burn. The real system In operation. We then used this In­ the burning of coal in the modern tunnel difficulty is to deliver the correct amount·of kiln is not entirely new. However, what Is stallation to demonstrate how clean the next coal, of the proper physical size and at the would be. new 1s the use of coal in an existing tunnel right velocity, to a large number of small kiln that was specifically designed for side And then came the non-attainment era. volume fuel delivery points with wide range We are going ahead with a coal installation firing with either liquid or gaseous fuels. and control capab111ty at each point. The di­ Some of our management personnel visited at Huntsville, Ala.bama even though we must rect coal firing equipment available today is burn compliance coal. This turns the return Germany as far back as 1966 and found generally large volume single or multiple tunnel kilns there that were fired with coal. on Investment into an "Iffy" situation. U the After consideration, we decided that since point injectors which are totally unsuitable price of very low sulfur coal doesn't go up the return on invested capital would only for application to an existing brick tunnel faster than oil, we'll have a pretty good in­ kiln. In other words, we needed a system that vestment. If T.V.A. does Indeed go to low be 8%, we would not proceed with that type would deli\'er coal to individual burners in of firing. In other words, we were too con­ sulfur coal rather than Install scrubbers, re­ servative-but then, it became apparent such a way that· they would perform much sulting cost of compliance coal may wipe early in the 1970's that future supplies of the same as gas or oil burners. Our stoker out savings at current prices. cheap natural gas were in jeopardy. There feed system had demonstrated that the con­ We have a permit pending for converting were also warning signs of a worldwide cept would work but it was obviously 1m­ two kilns to coal in LouisvUle, Kentucky. shortage of all petroleum products and the practical to size and install a mechanical Although this 1s a non-attainment area, we clearly implied threat of sharply higher stoker to feed each individual burner. are reasonably hopeful that the permit wm prices. By contrast, coal reserves were ex­ During 1974, we developed the needed sys­ be granted. We did, however, back off on tensive and our plants were located near the tem. This invention, which we call the "Solid our plans to double the size of this plant heart of the Eastern coal producing region. Fuel Metering and Delivering System," is after we learned that Ford Motor Company We were convinced that coal would become ca1;>able of metering and delivery of small was denied permission to add a second shift the only economical fuel available to the quantities of granulated coal in the magni­ at an existing fac111ty. Other permits are brick producer in the not-too-distant future. tude of 5 to 70 pounds per hour with reason­ pending in Tennessee, Virginia, and Indiana. Beginning in 1972, four teams of General ably accurate control of the feed rate at any It seems that each new application is more set point within its range capab111ty. And difflcult than the last with some areas now Shale management personnel visited Europe requiring control devices even though par­ to visit coal fired tunnel kiln plants. Un­ best of all, perhaps, this system can be built with inexpensive off-the-shelf components. ticulate emissions are well within existing fortunately, the systems observed had dis­ standards. tinct limitations as far as our needs w.ere The schematics detail shows how the system concerned because in each case the kilns had works. The economics of coal are quite favorable been specifically designed for the system em­ We have applied for patents and have even though the conversion cost 1s somewhat ployed and were quite different from our agreed to license this system for worldwide heavy. The Installed cost of a complete coal existing kilns. We needed a system which we distribution by the Keller Company. system from unloading to burning approxi­ could adapt to our own kilns. We couldn't All our development work has been based mates $400,000 for a single kiln installation. afford to tear down and rebuild our present on finely ground coal ( + 14 to - 200 mesh) Additional kilns at the same location could plants-the return on capital just wasn't that would partially burn in suspension with be added to the system for about $100,000 there. the coarser particles continuing to burn after each. These are rought figures, of course, and they come to rest throughout the ware. This much depends on the circumstances In­ Our development work got underway in volved. early 1973. The first approach used some old results in more even beat distribution and a more efficient heat transfer because the Current coal prices in East Tennessee yield stokers, mounted alongside the kiln, to feed a raw fuel cost of 12 cents per therm. (June measured amounts of granulated (5% + 14 heat is generated where it is needed. These efficiencies plus a more favorable hydrogen 77.) Other costs associated with coal such mesh x 0-Fineness modulus of about 2.0) as labor, maintenance, depreciation, power, coal into an airstream with 24 ounce blower loss factor gives coal 20 to 30 percent higher BTU utmzation than natural gas. etc., add 7c to 9c for a total costs of 19 to 21 air to convey the coal into the kiln through cents per therm. This 1s stlmewhat higher burner lances. The coal was picked up by Coarser coal particles are deflected by the than our average cost of natural gas, when the airstream at the end of the stoker auger ware and continue to burn on the hearth available, but compares very favorably with and carried to a distribution head with four alongside the kiln car. These tend to ac­ number 2 oil at 31 cents or propane at 36 outlets connected by rubber hoses to stainless cumulate faster than they can burn and, if cents per therm. Annual savings for coal vs. steel burner lances. This system had its ignored, will build up on the hearth and oil on a 25 million brick per year kiln are share of problems but it worked well enough eventually fall in the sand seal. We have substantial. With a fuel cost reduction of to encourage us to go ahead. Most of the develoPed an intermittent hearth blower to lOc to 12c per therm and a 20% gain in effi­ problems could be traced back to inadequate activate these particles and reinject them ciency, total savings approximate $175,000 coal preparation rather than to the stoker back into the ware. This device prevents a and give an after-tax payback of less than feed system itself. harmful accumulation and puts the BTU's S years. Savings for a twin kiln operation The stokers were equipped with variable back to work. would be greater, say $400,000, with payback speed drives and delivered coal to the air­ During our initial development work, we under 2 years. These figures are after de­ stream at an easily controlled and even feed found it necessary to use gas or oU burners preciation and interest charges but before in the cooler section of the kiln where tem­ taxes. 1 For red face brick production. Top tem­ peratures were too low to support combus­ The burning of coal in a brick tunnel kiln peratures approximately 2000° F. tion in suspension. High temperature recir- is no picnic. A lot of patience and hard work June 20, 1977 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 19981 is required to master the art. Quality will ALTERNATIVES TO THE BREEDER: in the fresh fuel that is shipped about 1n sutrer until you are proficient at it. The bugs PROLIFERATION-RESISTANT AD­ global commerce, and the quantities of haven't all been worked out and a great deal VANCED NUCLEAR TECHNOLO­ plutonium present 1n spent reactor !uel remains to be learned. Still, coal is clearly GIES would be 20 to 50 times less than the pluto­ the brickmaker's exciting new fuel o! the nium 1n breeder reactor !uel. This would future. It is economical today when com­ make possible an international system pared to any !uel except J}atural gas under where plutonium separated !rom spent re­ certain circumstances. When and 1f natural HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. actor !uel would be present only at a few gas and petroleum products are fully de­ OF CALIFORNIA international centers maintained under tight regulated, coal will become the great !uel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES security. bargain of the time. Best o! all, perhaps, it Such arrangements would provide a strong is easily stockpiled and production is not de­ Monday, June 20, 1977 "technical fix" against terrorist theft and a pendent on foreign fuel. Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. higher degree of separation between civilian Speaker, in today's New York Times nuclear power and potential nuclear weapons there is an "Op-Ed" article devoted to activities by nation-states than is possible with a plutonium economy. HONORING DR. PAUL GRIGSBY proliferation-resistant advanced nuclear These arrangements would not prevent technologies, which I have inserted be­ any nation !rom using its reactors to make low. As an alternative to the plutonium plutonium for weapons use or from diverting HON. HAROLD L. VOLKMER breeder reactor which is prone to the the !uel to undertake the isotope separation OF MISSOURI proliferation of nuclear weapons, there necessary to acquire nuclear-weapons-usable IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES exists the significant possibility of devel­ material. But they would allow more time oping advanced converter reactors which before a nation could achieve a weapons Monday, June 20, 1977 are much more uranium efficient than stockpile. following a violation o! Interna­ tional safeguards, than would be the case 1! Mr. VOLKMER. Mr. Speaker, I would light water reactors and which use a a large quantity of plutonium were diverted like to join the residents of Huntsville, fresh fuel no more attractive to potential !rom a plutonium breeder !uel cycle. This Mo., who will be honoring an outstanding bomb builders than low enriched ura­ would provide opportunities for international Randolph Countian, Dr. Paul A. Grigsby. nium. 'Ih:!se reactors could orovide for sanctions and internal political opposition on June 26, 1977. Dr. Grigsby has spent a century of more electric i>ower than to discourage the violating government. more than 60 years in education and that generated by all means in the Use of denatured fuel would not require public service. United States today while using less the development o! new reactor technology. uranium than in ERDA's resource esti­ Today's reactors operating With denatured Dr. Grigsby was born and educated in fuel would allow the recovery o! two to !our the Fayette, Mo., area, finishing his mate. If we postpone our commitment to times as much energy from a given amount of bachelor's degree at Central Methodist the commercialization of the liquid uranium as 1s achieved With today's !uel College. His graduate work was done at metal fast breeder reactor, by deferring cycles and could provide !or 100 years more the University of Missouri and Washing­ the Clinch River Demonstration project electric power than is generated by the entire ton University. He is listed in volumes 24 as recommended by President Carter, United St ates electric utllity system today through 34 of "Who's Who in America." then we have the time to investigate using less urlmium than 1s in United States Dr. Grigsby served the education pro­ these alternative advanced nuclear tech­ high grade uranium resources as estimated nologies, which could help make for a by the Energy Research and Development fession as principal and teacher in Administration. Even 1! the most pessimistic Huntsville, principal of Webb City High safer world. Also, the pause will allow us forecasts of high grade United States urani­ School, and principal of Cotton Smith the time to develop international institu­ um resources should be realized, vast High School in Sedalia, Mo. In 1932, he tions for reducing the danger of nuclear amounts of uranium In low grade ore de­ moved to Dlinois and served the Granite weapons proliferation. posits could be exploited with these reactors. City school system until his retirement The article follows: This strategy should also be attractive !or in 1958. BREEDER MANIA nations such as France, Japan and West Ger­ (By Harold A. Feiveson) many which do not have uranium resources Since 1958 he has been giving much of comparable to those in the United States. his time to the newspaper business, con­ Pa:::NcEToN, N.J.-The Carter Administra­ These nations could easily protect them­ solidating papers in Higbee, Huntsville, tion has underscored its concerns about the selves With uranium stockpUes against sup­ and Clifton Hill, Mo. He has been a truly spread of nuclear weapons by deferring in­ ply disruptions. Stockpiles for several years outstanding example of deduction to the definitely in the United States all civilian would be only a !ew percent as costly as work ethics which have helped build this nuclear-power actlvites aimed at the com­ stockpiles of the energy-equivalent amounts country. mercialization of a "plutonium economy." o! oil. Furthermore, because the denatured Speclfically, the President has moved to !uel cycle could be deployed on a large scale In the field of education, where he halt the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Dem­ signifi.cantly earlier than the plutonium served for 50 years, he held many offices. onstration Project. breeder, greater uranium savings could be Some of these offices include: President Many are reluctant to entertain such a achieved than With the breeder for decades of the Illinois Education Association; course. They argue that unless the pluto­ into the next century. president and first secretary of the Mis­ nium breeder, which uses uranium 100 times The proll!eration-resistant aspects of de­ souri Secondary Principals Association; more efficiently than today's uranium-guz­ natured !uel cycles certainly need further and vice president and member of the zling !uel cycles, is developed as rapidly as study. These fuel cycles will by no means re­ executive committee of the National Ed­ possible, limited uranium resources will soon move the grave peril of nuclear-weapons pro­ ucation Association. be consumed. ll!eration-no fission technology can. But Such arguments overlook the existence they do possess certain distinctive features Among some of his many honors out­ of al ternatl ve nuclear technologies which that may allow the evolution of a system as side the field of education include: An are more efficient in their use of uranium resistant to proll!eration as can be obtained honorary doctor of laws degree from than today's technologies and which in sig­ 1! the world decides on a fission future. Central Methodist College in 1950 and a nificant respects are more resistant to nu­ And although the operation of today's re­ plaque from the same institution in 1970 clear-weapons proliferation than the plu­ actors on these !uel cycles cannot provide as a distinguished alumni. In 1950, tonium breeder. One such !uel cycle involves the 10,000-plus years of energy promised by denatured uranium 233. the plutonium breeder, It would stretch Granite City, ru., awarded him with it's high-grade ura.nium resources !or more than "Man of the Year Award." Over the years Uranium 233 can be created in reactors 100 years. by the neutron bombardment of thorium. he has also received recognition for his In this period there would be ample time outstanding work with the Boy Scouts Like plutonium, it can be used to make nu­ to develop alternative, advanced nuclear by the Silver Beaver Award. Gov. War­ clear weapons, but unlike plutonium, it can technologies of nonfisslon energy technolo­ ren E. Hearnes made Dr. Grigsby a mem­ be rendered virtually unusable for such pur­ gies to provide !or our long-term energy ber of the honorary Colonel's Staff dur­ poses by dilution with a natural isotope, needs. Whether or not one believes a fission ing his two terms. uranium 238. Isotope separation, a sophis­ future for the world is Inevitable, the exist­ ticated and costly process, is needed to re­ ence of the denatured fuel cycle option cer­ I stand with all the citizens of Hunts­ cover "weapons grade" uranium 233 from a tainly argues against any hasty commitment ville and Randloph County in saluting "denatured" mixture o! uranium isotopes. to the plutonium breeder, with its inher­ Dr. Paul Grigsby on his special day of In a denature:i fuel cycle, there would be ently strong connection to nuclear-weapons recognition, June 26, 1977. no nuclear-weapons-usable materials present strategy. 19982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 20, 1977 STOP L·ABOR DEPARTMENT HAR­ of Labor has managed to bring within were truly in the business of being farm ASSMENT OF FARMERS the coverage of the act farmers who are contractors would remain covered by the in no sense farm labor contractors, who act. But farmers who were originally in­ HON. DAVE STOCKMAN receive no remuneration from farm la­ tended to be exempt would once again be bor contracting, and whom the Congress free from the clutches of the Department OF MICHIGAN clearly intended to exempt from regis­ of Labor bureaucracy. The distinguished IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tration. The Department of Labor has chairman of the Subcommittee on Eco­ Monday, June 20, 1977 transformed these hapless farmers into nomic Opportunity, the Honorable IKE "irresponsible contractors" by a process ANDREWS, has assured me that the sub­ Mr. STOCKMAN. Mr. Speaker today of tortuous reasoning nearly unmatched I am introducing legislation to am~nd the committee will hold hearings on this in the annals of bureaucratic misinter­ subject later this summer. It is my hope Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act. pretation. My intent is to give a clear signal to that the problem can be solved before The problem arose because of the very next year's growing season. If there is the Department of Labor that it must nature of farming. Crops do not ripen on stop using this law to harass the Ameri­ one thing we need less of, Mr. Speaker, it can farmer. an individual farm continually, nor do is Federal intervention in the life of the they adhere to a firm schedule. Thus farmer. The American farmer has been called many farmers who have brought in mi­ an endangered species. So long as we grant laborers to harvest crops often in the Congress allow predatory bureau­ JOHN H. POELKER TO BE HONORED crats to turn a law intended to protect have no need of their services for an migrant workers into a weapon against entire summer. Rather than have the the farmer, he will continue to be en­ workers sitting idle and unpaid or mov­ dangered. I would like to set out a brief ing from farm to farm, the farmers make HON. ROBERT A. YOUNG history of the problem that the bill I casual arrangements with neighbors to OF MISSOURI share the services of a group of workers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES am introducing seeks to solve. They do not pay one another fees as part In the early 1960's, the Congress Monday, June 20, 1977 sought to restrict the activities of cer­ of these arrangements, which are bene­ tain unscrupulous individuals who ar­ ficial to the workers, who are able to earn Mr. YOUNG of Missouri: Mr. Speaker, ranged for the transportation of migrant more during the season, as well as to I would like to take this opportunity to farmworkers from job to job, usually the farmers, who are assured of having pay tribute to a man with an outstanding in substandard, dangerous vehicles. workers available when they need them. record of community service and civic These individuals were not farmers; This practice galled the Department of leadership in the city of St. Louis. they were "agents" who arranged to pro­ Labor bureaucrats. The absence of a fee John H. Poelker has served St. Louis vide migrant labor to farmers. Many of in the transaction prevented them from for 25 years-first as city assessor, then them had long criminal records. They bringing the farmers under the Farm comptroller, and mayor. Throughout his stole from the workers, they stole from Labor Contractor Registration Act career in public life, John Poelker was the farmers, and they needlessly endan­ which defines a contractor as one wh~ known as a dedicated, honest, and articu­ gered the health and safety of migrant "for a fee recruits, solicits, hires, fur­ late man. workers. nishes, or transports migrant workers." He stepped down from public life in The Farm Labor Contractor Registra­ A bureaucrat seeking to extend his April, and he will soon be working at an tion Act of 1963 was aimed at these power over a new class of citizens knows executive position at a construction firm unscrupulous individuals. Section (5) of no limits to this inventiveness, however. and as a teacher at the St. Louis Univer­ that law prevented persons with criminal The solution was to find a "fee" in these sity School of Urban Affairs. But the records from obtaining a license as a casual arrangements amongst the farm­ people of the St. Louis area will always ers. The absence of money in the trans­ be grateful for John Poelker's leadership. farm labor contractor. Other sections of In recognition of his many achieve­ the act established standards for the action proved an easily surmountable ob­ transportation and housing of migrant stacle, as the definition of "fee" in the ments, John Poelker is being awarded the act includes "valuable consideration." In Downtown St. Louis Levee Stone Award. workers by farm labor contractors. I cannot think of a more appropriate Through the registration requirement, the Department of Labor's eyes, the ex­ pectation that the laborers would return person to receive that award. the Department of Labor was given In his career as a businessman, as a broad authority to regulate the activities to his farm became "valuable considera­ tion" to the farmer entering into a casual Federal Bureau of Investigation special of these contractors. agent, and as a city official, John Poelker The intent of Congress was very clear­ agreement with his neighbor. This play upon words turned the farmers into was always a conscientious and effective ly set forth in the declaration of policy worker. in section 2 EKIBD IN B!lD CHINA. VIIITNAK­ 12. What has been your primary source(s) ing effect on Members who seem over­ OVBR O!B-SEVENTH Oi' CAJOODIA. MUR­ for authoritative and credible information on to push DERED energy tssues? (Ra.nk your top three sources) anxious for legislation which will benefit only a handful of labor leaders. (By Father Raymond J. de Jaegher) Publications of societies and associa.tlons__ 1 Since Chairman Campbell and his two Abraham Lincoln once said: ~ sin by GeneralGovernment magazines agencies._.... ------______·------48 colleagues did such an ou~d.ing job silence, when we should protest, makes cow­ (}on!erences 8JUi work&nops ______6 in providing frank and concise answers ard& out of men." President carter seems to I be followlng Abraham Lincoln. He 18 speak· Classes and textbooks------5 to my questions, am including a ver­ batim exchange in the hope it may set a ing against blatant .violations of human IndustriesNewspapers and ------trade associations______72 rights In some-but only some-countries of standard for other Federal officials. It the world. begins with their responses to my ques­ 13. Has your school or community spon.. In China and In VIetnam today under sored programs to promote energy aware­ tion on whether Federal employees Communist domination, the people cannot ness? should have the right to strike: speak freely, or write freely, ot go to Church Yes, 47 percent; No, 85 percent; I don't Mr. CAMPBELL. My answer Is no. and worship freely. They cannot even travel know, 18 percent. Mr. SUGARMAN. My answer Is the same. from Commun1st-dom1natecl countries into 14. Does your school or community have an M.s. PoSTON. Mine ts the same. countries of the Free World. organ.lzed recycllng program for bottles and Mr. DERWINsKI. The other question, do you To support the human rtghta is a positive oa.ns? think that a Federal employee should have weapon of tbe Pree World. Communist coun­ Yea, 67 percent; No, 32 percent; I don't to joln a unlon ln order to obtain or keep a tries are very much hurt by open examina­ know, 11 percent. Pederal Government position? tion of the human rights question. 15. Has your course work been helpful in Mr. CAMPBELL. My answer to that 18 no. Searching questions on human rights con­ developing an understanding and an aware­ I would only add that within that context, stitute a powerful psychologtcal tool to pene­ ness of ehergy issues? I reserve Judgment on the agency shop issue. trate not only the Soviet Union and the Yes, 49 percent; No, 84 percent; No opinion, Mr. SuGARMAN. My answer 1s no, but I think countries of Eastern Europe but also to put 17 percent. some method of assessing employees who are pressure on Mainland China and the newly 16. How would you rate your understand­ represented by the union on many matters united. VIetnam, controlled by North VIet.. ing of the economics of energy? has to be found. There 1B a financial problem nam•a Communist regime. Good. ~ percent; Fair, 48 percent; Poor, 12 for the unions in that. It Is very Ironic to hear the strong lan· percent. guage used In our media aga.tnst Spain, Por· Ms. POSTON. I am committed to Mr. Sugar­ 17. Should FASST spend time to develop a man's appl'oach. tugal, BrazU and Chlle. The Communist re­ program devoted to the understanding ot gimes too have bitterly atta.cked those coun­ energy economlcs? tries because they defeated Commun11ml. Yes. 80 percent; No, 9 percent; No opinion, It 1s also very interesting to read the article 11 percent. of Wllliam Saftre In the March 23 New York 18. Do you think that the price of your ed­ RIGHTS DENIED IN RED CHINA AND Times. In an interview In Peking, a Chinese ucation wllllncrease lf the President's energy VIETNAM Foreign MtnJstry otftcial a.saerted to him: ""In package 1s adopted by Congress? the Unltecl States, only 6 percent of the pop­ Yea, 61 percent; No, 16 percent: I don't ulation enjoys human rights, and 95 percent know, 84 percent. HON. LARRY McDONALD don't have them." Th1s statement of course 19. Are you optimistic about the country's OP GEORGIA will startle the American people who never abiiity to ftnd solutions to the energy situa­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES knew th&t they do not have the baste free­ tion? doms the U.S.A. ls bunt upon. The Chinese Yes, 80 percent; No, 20 percent. Monday, June 20. 1977 omctal admitted that 5 percent of Chlna•s 20. What do you think is the most impor­ Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, in a 800 mllllon people were denied human rights. tant problem ln America today? (See at­ The best Interpretation of h18 statement Is tached press release.) time when the focus on human rights by that 40 mlliion Chinese have been deprived 21. Descriptive information: Age the Carter administration appears to be of human rights 1n prisons, or ln '"ree

SENATE-Tuesday, June 21, 1977 The Senate met at 9:30 a.m., on the ex­ serve by their consent. Only Your divine our citizens in Your good and gentle piration of the recess, and was called to assistance can lift our burden and only hands. That You will continue to bless order by Hon. QUENTIN N. BURDICK, a Your inspiration can shed light that we Your people, this Government, and all Senator from the State of North Dakota. may see clearly despite the darkness. We the world, we pray, hear us, 0 Lord! earnestly beg Your assistance, open our Amen~ PRAYER minds and our hearts to Your guidance. The Most Reverend James A. Hickey, Your spirit once moved over the dark bishop of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, of­ chaos which engulfed our universe, and APPOINTMENT OF ACTING PRESI­ fered the following prayer: from that divine intervention came order DENT PRO TEMPORE Father of us all, You have blessed us and peace. Now let Your spirit move once The PRESIDING OFFICER. The clerk with a land rich in good things, a fair and again in our midst and bring us order, will please read a communication to the abundant land. It is blessed above all else bring us abiding peace. Spare us from Senate from the President pro tempore in the unity and diversity of its people, tedium and from discouragement; lift our (Mr. EASTLAND). Your sons and daughters. spirits and renew the hope of Your peo­ The assistant legislative clerk read the Their needs press hard upon us who ple. Help us to place ourselves and all following letter: