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Index

Note to reader: Page number in bold indicates a chart or table of information.

AAA credit rating, 263, 267 ascription-oriented culture, 14, 168–169, Abrahamic Religions, 65, 165 305 Adnan bin Saidi, 275 ascriptive power, 14 ah-nar-de, 229–230 ASEAN, 100, 184, 194–195, 213, 265, Albright, Madeleine, 27 290, 317 alcohol Asian Tigers, 98, 182. See also Hong Hong Kong, 110 Kong; South Korea; ; India, 134, 137, 146 ; Taiwan Japan, 175 A.T. Kearney’s Global Services Location Malaysia, 196, 204, 205 Index, 182, 238 , 231 atithi devo Bhava, 145 , 250 aung myin par say, 223 Taiwan, 327 Aung Ngeain, 225 United States, 40, 50 Aung San, 224 alcohol allergy, 175 Aung San Suu Kyi, 210, 213, 224, 226, ambiguity avoidance, 12 233, 340 America. See United States Australia, 21 American Chamber of Commerce, 142, authority, how viewed, 14–17 254 COPYRIGHTEDAye MATERIAL Aye Aung, 225 Americans, defined, 7 Amit, Rubilen, 252 Bachchan, Amitabh, 139 Anand, 139 badminton, 84, 112, 198, 276, 302 anshim (peace of mind), 306 bahala na (leave it up to God), 238 apologize, apology, 48, 162, 173, Bahasa Malaysia, Bahasa Melayu, 187, 191, 278 193–194 Aquino, Benigno Jr. “Ninoy,” 251 baju, 204 Aquino, Benigno Simeon III, 237 Bangladesh, 126 Aquino, Maria Corazon, 240, 258, barong, 246 340 Barton Lui, 113

359 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 360

360 Index

Basal, 110 business and social lives, alignment of, baseball, 42, 167 21–23 basketball, 42, 84, 112, 248, 251, 276, 302, business cards, overview of concept/term, 329 55 batik, 204 business process outsourcing (BPO), 238, beef, 196, 204, 205, 222 254 belief systems, philosophies, religions, Business Times, 271 64–65. See also specific by name Business World, 246 Bennett, Janet, xxi Bennett, Milton, xxi call centers, 238 Bhattacharya, Arundhati, 146 Cambodia, 24 Bible, 64 Canada, 15, 16, 17, 24 big face (man of influence), 227 caste, caste system, 141–142, 254, 258 bin, binti, 193 Central America, 7, 19 black, significance of, 107, 134, 192, 296 chaebols, 286–287, 304, 309 Blocked Persons list, 62, 228 chaigau, chi gau masa (not-quite, blogging community, 286, 295–296 not-exactly), 173–174 blue, significance of, 111, 296 Chan, Anson, 112 Bonifacio, Andrés, 251 Chan Siu Ki, 113 bonsai, 152 Chen Shi-ban, 317 Booz & Company, 23, 46–47, 50–51 chewing gum, 111, 250, 275, 276, 281 bottom-up processes, 86, 169 Chicago Tribune,36 boundary spanners, 277 China, 67–96 bowing address, forms of, 90 China, 78, 79 administrative divisions, regions, 72 Hong Kong, 107 authority/power, how viewed, India, 134 84–87 Japan, 161–162, 164 belief systems, 74 Malaysia, 192–193, 195 bill-paying, tipping, 82 Myanmar, 219–221 bowing, 78, 79 overview of concept/term, 58 business cards (ming pian),77 Singapore, 273 business dress, appearance, 76 South Korea, 295, 296, 298, 310 climate, 74 Taiwan, 324 colors, meaning/significance of, 77, 78 BPO (business process outsourcing), 238, communication, 89 254 Confucianism, Confucian-based, 64, Brislin, Richard, 14, 22 68–69, 90, 140, 296, 304 bucho, 169 contracts in, 46 Buddha, 64 conversational topics, 80 Buddhism Corruption Perceptions Index, 73 foods/dishes, 221–222 cultural summary, 93 holidays, festivals, 132, 217, 218, 270, currency, 68, 75 294 daylight savings, 75 individualist values in, 225–226 dining etiquette, 81–82, 91 overview of concept/term, 64 drinking, 82, 91 bullet train (shinkansen), 161 economy, economic centers, 70–73, 72 Bumiputeras, 182, 185, 200. See also eye contact, 78 Malaysia face (concept of) in, 79, 85, 90 bureiko (without-etiquette), 175 fiscal year, 75 Burma, 212–213, 229. See also Myanmar foods/dishes, 80–81 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 361

Index 361 formality vs. informality, 90 time, viewing of, 88–89 framework, eight-question, 84–90 time zones, 75 full country name, 70 toasting, 82 gestures, 80 universalism orientation in, 17 gifts, 78, 83 women in business, handling of Global Gender Gap Index, 73 concept, 24, 91–93 government officials, 86, 87 working week, 75 government/political structure, 70 China Daily,77 greetings, 78 The China Post, 323 handshake, 78, 79 Chinese New Year, 76, 105, 106, 190, heroes, 83 204, 219, 270, 322, 331, 332 history, 71 Chin ha luk, 110 holidays, festivals, 76, 76 chinlone, 198, 224 Human Development Index, 73 Choi, K. J., 303 humor, 80 chong-jong, 301 Individualism Index, 14, 15 chopsticks individual vs. group, acting as, 85 China, 82 Internet suffix, 75, 104 etiquette generally, 59 introductions, 78, 93 Hong Kong, 110 job titles, 79, 90 Japan, 165, 166 languages, 74 Malaysia, 196 location, 67,70 Myanmar, 222 meetings/negotiations, 79–80 Singapore, 274 monsoon, 74 South Korea, 300, 301 names, 79 Taiwan, 327, 328 news sources, 77 Chosun IIbo, 295 numbers, significance of, 83 Christianity, 64 overview, 68–69 chrysanthemums, 247 personal space, 78 Circuit of the Americas, xix, xxiii–xiv philosophies, 74 Clinton, William J., 298 phrases, useful, 79, 325 clocks, 56, 106, 296 population, 70–72 collectivism, collectivist culture, 12–14, Power Distance Index, 16 22, 61, 85, 93, 140–141, 168, 199, presentation styles, 80 253, 276, 315 privatization, 87 colloquialisms, overview of concept/term, quiz, 69 55–56 relationships, 81–82, 87–88, 90–92 colors, significance of religions, 64–65, 74, 103–104 black, 107, 134, 192, 296 rules and relationships, how compared, blue, 111, 296 87–88 gold, 106, 296 self-awareness profile, 93–95 green, 107, 296 smoking, 82 pink, 192 social/business life alignment, 91 white, 107, 111, 134, 192, 296 sports, sports figures, 84 yellow, 191, 192 state-owned enterprises (SOEs), 87 communication, overview of taboos, 83 concept/term, 18–19, 20,56 technology, 77–78 Communist, Communism, 69–71, 73, 76, telephone country code, 75 79, 224, 296 Third Billion Index score, 24 Communitarianism, 13 tightness score, 21 concepts and terms, overview, 55–65 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 362

362 Index

Confucianism, Confucian-based, 64, dragon boat racing (Sai Longzhou), 84 68–69, 90, 140, 296, 304. See also drinks, refilling, 82, 165, 300 China; South Korea Dweck, Carol, 22, 23 Confucius, 45, 64–65, 68–69 congregational worship, 64 early Asian Tigers, 182. See also Malaysia cows, 138, 192, 196, 204 e-cigarettes, 328 cricket, 139 The Economist,36 cultural adaptation, 51 email, 162, 306, 335 culture emoji, 152 achievement-oriented, 44–45 Enlightened One, 64. See also Buddhism ascription-oriented, 14, 168–169, 305 eshaku bow, 162 collectivism, collectivist, 12–14, 22, 61, European Chamber of Commerce, 254 85, 93, 140–141, 168, 199, 253, 276, exit, 310 315 eye contact, overview of concept/term, 56 definition of culture, 2 differences, 1–7 face (concept of) dimensions of, 11–12 in asking questions, 28 generational differences, 341 in China, 79, 85, 90 individualism, individualist, 13–14 in Hong Kong, 118 levels/layers, 4 in Japan, 173 loose, 20–21, 21 kao tateru (saving face), 173 Machiguenga study, 10–11 in Malaysia, 199 monochronic vs. polychronic, in Myanmar, 229–230 17–18, 19 personal boundaries in, 22 particularistic, 17 shame, 85, 168, 172 perspectives on, 1–7 in South Korea, 307 short-term orientation, 5–6 Facebook, 334–335 social/business life alignment, 21–22 Fan Chun Yip, 113 tight, 20–21, 21 Fandi Ahmad, 276 universalist, 17 farmers, 142, 304 women in business concept, 23–25, 340 faster faster (palli palli), 286, 306 CV, 93 feet. See also under specific countries feet, overview of concept/term, 59 Dainik Jagran, 133 Feng Tianwei, 276 Dallas Morning News,36 field hockey, 139, 198 Daoism, 65 Financial Times,36 date/time notation, international standard Financial Times Asia Edition,77 for, 59 ‘Five Books of Moses’, 65. See also Datuk Lee Chong Wei, 198 Christianity; Judaism Datuk Nicol Ann David, 198 fixed mindset, 23 Dau fu fa, 110 Flynn, Errol, 227–228 Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, 210, 213, 224, Focus Taiwan, 323 226, 233, 340 football (American), 42 Den Yaping, 84 football (soccer), 139, 198, 224 dharma, 64–65 Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA), 56, Dim Sum, 110 60–61, 228 DMZ (demilitarized zone), 288 formality vs. informality, overview of dogs, canines, 143, 192 concept/term, 20–21, 21,56 Dong-a-Ilbo, 295 Formula One, xix, xxi Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 363

Index 363

Fortune Global 500, 152 Hadith, 64. See also Islam Four Noble Truths, 64 Hajj (pilgrimage), 194 Fuji (Mount), 170 halal, 196, 205 fundamental attribution error (FAE), Hall, Edward T., xxi, 4, 173 10–11 hame wo hazusu (“pull-out-all-the stops”), funerals, 105, 134, 296 175–176 Hampden-Turner, Charles, xxi, 17, 18, G7, 152, 154 44, 304 gaijin, gaijin-no kata, 175 hands, overview of concept/term, 58–59 ganbei, 82, 328 handshake Gandhi, Indira, 126, 138, 340 China, 78, 79 Gandhi, Mohandas (Mahatma), 126, 138 Hong Kong, 107 Gandhi, Rajiv, 138 India, 134 Gelfand, Michele, 13, 20, 21 Malaysia, 193, 197, 203 gender, overview of concept/term, 57 Myanmar, 219 Global Gender Gap Index, 33, 73, 103, Philippines, 247–248 129, 157, 187, 215, 243, 268, 292, Singapore, 272 320 South Korea, 296 generational differences, 341 Taiwan, 348 gestures. See also under specific countries United States, 37 gestures, overview of concept/term, 57 Harvest Moon Festival, 294, 294 Ghost Month (Hungry Ghost Festival), Hashim, Fatimah, 340 332 head,hands,feet,58–59 gifts. See also under specific countries head scarf (hijab), 191 gifts, overview of concept/term, 57–58 Henrich, Joe, 10–11, 24 Ginebra San Miguel, 250 high context cultures, communication, Global Three Rs, 12–13 18–20 gochisou-samadeshita, 165 hijab, 191 gold (color), 106, 296 The Hindu, 133 Golden Temple at Amritsar, 65 Hinduism Golden week, 159, 160 caste, caste system, 141–142, 254, 258 golf, 167, 204, 225, 334 dining etiquette, 136–137 gotong royong, 199 foods/dishes, 221–222 government officials holidays, festivals, 132, 270 China, 86, 87 individualistic nature of, 140 gifts to generally, 56 overview of concept/term, 64 Hong Kong, 107 taboos, 138 India, 134 See also India Myanmar, 219, 228 The Hindustan Times, 133 Philippines, 247, 257 Hitachi High-Tech, 174, 177 Singapore, 271, 272 hiya, 253 Great Britain, 15, 16 Hofstede, Geert, xxi, 2–5, 12, 14, 16, 85, green, significance of, 107, 296 140, 253, 305 Greenfield Advantage, 210 Hofstede, Gert Jan, xxi greetings. See also under specific countries honbucho, 169 greetings, overview of concept/term, 58 Hong Kong, 97–122 growth mindset, 23 alcohol, 110 guanxi, 22, 58, 88, 91 authority/power, how viewed, Guan Yu, 83 114–115, 117–118 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 364

364 Index

Hong Kong, (continued) numbers, significance of, 111 belief systems, 103–104 overview, 98 bill-paying, tipping, 111 personal space, 107 bowing, 107 philosophies, 103–104 business cards, 106 phrases, useful, 109 business dress, appearance, 105 population, 101 business hours, 105 Power Distance Index (PDI), 16 climate, 103 presentation styles, 109 colors, significance of, 107, 111 quiz, 99 communication, 109, 117–118 relationships, 107, 115–116 conversational topics, 109 religions, 64–65, 103–104 Corruption Perceptions Index, 102 rules/relationships, how compared, cultural summary, 120–121 115–116 currency, 104 self-awareness profile, 121–122 daylight savings, 104 smoking, 111 dining etiquette, 110 social/business lives alignment, 118–119 drinking, toasting, 110–111 sports, sports figures, 112–113 economy, economic centers, 98, taboos, 111 101–102, 102 technology, 106–107 eye contact, 107 telephone country code, 104 face (concept of) in, 118 Third Billion Index score, 24 fiscal year, 104 tightness score, 21 foods/dishes, 109–110 time, viewing of, 116–117 formality vs. informality, 118 time zones, 104 framework, eight-question, 113–120 women in business, handling of full country name, 101 concept, 24, 119–120 gestures, 109, 111 working week, 105 gifts, 107, 111 Hong Qian, 88–89 Global Gender Gap Index, 103 Hong Shen, 88–89 government officials, 107 honne, 174 government/political structure, 101 House, Robert J., 13 greetings, 107 humor, jokes, 59 handshake, 107 Hungry Ghost Festival (Ghost Month), heroes, 112 332 history, 100 Hwang Kyung-seon, 303 holidays, festivals, 105, 106 Hyun-jin Ryu, 302–303 Human Development Index, 103 humor, 109 Ichiro Suzuki, 167 Individualism Index, 14, 15 iftar, 201 individual vs. group, acting as, 113–114 India, 123–150 Internet suffix, 104 alcohol, 134, 137, 146 introductions, 107, 108, 120 authority/power, how viewed, languages, 103 141–142, 341 location, 97, 101 belief systems, 130 meetings/negotiations, 105, 108–109, bill-paying, tipping, 137–138 117, 120 bowing, 134 monsoon, 103 business cards, 133 names, 108 business dress, appearance, 132 news sources, 106 business hours, 131 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 365

Index 365 caste, caste system, 141–142, 254, 258 population, 124, 127 climate, 129 Power Distance Index (PDI), 16 colors, significance of, 134 presentation styles, 135 communication, 144 quiz, 125 contracts in, 142 relationships, 134, 141–146 conversational topics, 135 religions, 64–65, 130 Corruption Perceptions Index, 128 right hand, 136–137 cultural summary, 147 rules and relationships, how compared, currency, 130, 131 142–143 daylight savings, 130 self-awareness profile, 147–149 dining etiquette, 136–137, 146 social/business life alignment, 21–22, drinking, toasting, 137, 146 145–146 economy, economic centers, 127–128, sports, sports figures, 139 128 taboos, 138 eye contact, 134 technology, 133 fiscal year, 131 telephone country code, 130 foods/dishes, 136 Third Billion Index score, 24 formality vs. informality, 144–145 tightness score, 21 framework, eight-question, 139–147 time, viewing of, 17–18, 143 full country name, 127 time zones, 130 gestures, 135–136 universalism orientation in, 17 gifts, 134 women in business, handling of Global Gender Gap Index, 129 concept, 24, 146–147, 341 government officials, 134 working week, 131 government/political structure, 127 See also Hinduism greetings, 134 Individualism Index, 14, 15 handshake, 134 individual vs. group, acting as, 13–14 head wobble, 135–136 , 16, 17, 21–22, 24 heroes, 138, 139 history, 126 Inshallah, 202 holidays, festivals, 131–132, 132 interconnectedness, 254 Human Development Index, 129 International Blunder, 298 humor, 135 interpreters. See also under specific Individualism Index, 14, 15 countries individual vs. group, acting as, 140 interpreters, overview of concept/term, 60 Internet suffix, 130 introductions. See also under specific introductions, 134 countries languages, 129–130, 133 introductions, overview of concept/term, location, 123, 127 60 long-term orientation, 5–6 invisible spirits, overview of concept/term, meetings/negotiations, 132, 135 65 monsoon, 129, 147 Islam names, 134 alcohol, 146 news sources, 133 finance centers, 200 numbers, writing/display of, 130, 131 holidays, festivals, 132, 189–190, 190, overview, 124 270 personal space, 134 money market, 205 philosophies, 130 naming conventions, 193, 194 phrases, useful, 135 overview of concept/term, 64 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 366

366 Index

Islam (continued) holidays, festivals, 159, 160 physical contact with opposite sex, Human Development Index, 157 192–193 humor, 163 Ramadan, 132, 190, 199, 201, 205 Individualism Index, 14, 15 taboos, 192, 197 individual vs. group, acting as, 168 working schedule, 189 Internet suffix, 158 See also Malaysia introductions, 161–162, 175 itadaki-masu, 165 languages, 158 location, 151, 155 Jaina dharma, 65 meetings/negotiations, 162, 168, 172 Jainism, 65 names, 162 Japan, 151–180 news sources, 160 alcohol, 175 numbers, significance of, 166 authority/power, how viewed, 15, overview, 152 168–169 personal space, 161–162 belief systems, 158 philosophies, 158 bill-paying, tipping, 165 phrases, useful, 163 bowing, 161–162, 164 population, 155, 170 business cards, 160–161 Power Distance Index (PDI), 16 business dress, appearance, 159–160, pre-meeting, 168 168 presentation styles, 163 business hours, 159 punctuality, shame, 172 climate, 157–158 quiz, 153 communication, 173–174 relationships, 169–177 contracts, 171 religions, 64–65, 158 conversational topics, 163 rules and relationships, how compared, Corruption Perceptions Index, 157 169–171 cultural summary, 177 self-awareness profile, 177–179 currency, 158 social/business life alignment, 175–176 daylight savings, 158 sports, sports figures, 167 devotional practices, 65 taboos, 166 dining etiquette, 165, 166, 173 technology, 161 drinking, toasting, 165, 166 telephone country code, 158 economy, economic centers, 152, Third Billion Index score, 24 155–156, 156 tightness score, 21 eye contact, 161–162 time, viewing of, 171–172 face (concept of) in, 173 time zones, 158 fiscal year, 159, 172 universalism orientation in, 17 foods/dishes, 164 women in business, handling of formality vs. informality, 174–175 concept, 24, 176–177 framework, eight-question, 167–177 working week, 159, 159 full country name, 155 Jesus Christ, 64 gestures, 164 JETRO, 152, 171 gifts, 161, 170 Jiao zi, 110 Global Gender Gap Index, 157 jinji-ido, 171 government/political structure, 155 jinshi, 314 greetings, 161–162 Jobs, Steve, 42 heroes, 166 jokes, overview of concept/term, 59 history, 154 Jordan, Michael, 43 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 367

Index 367

Judaism, 33, 65, 74, 89, 104, 266 left hand judo, 167 India, 137 Malaysia, 191, 197 kacho, 169 overview of concept/term, 58–59 kai pay,82 Philippines, 249–250 kaisha, 169, 177 Singapore, 274 kaizen, 152 United States, 41 kami, 65 legacy, 339–342 kampai, 165 Lethwei, 225 kanban, 152 Lewis, Richard D., 3, 21, 199, 256 kangaete okimasu (I’ll think about it), 174 Liang hua pei, 111 kao tateru (saving face), 173 Lim Bo Seng, 275 Kapoor, Anil, 139 Lin, Jeremy Shu-how, 329 karaoke, 170, 258, 308 Li Na, 84 Ka-shing Li, Honorable, 112 litigation, 305 Kawan, 200 loan interest payments (riba), 200–201, 205 keiretsu, 152 logos, 85, 192, 247 kendo, 167 long-term orientation, 5–6 kiasu (fear to lose), 276 long-term relationships Kim, Eugene, 22 development, principles of, 28 Kim Dae-Jung, 302 India, 143 Kim Gu, 302 Japan, 170, 172–173, 177 Kim Young Sam, 289, 298 Malaysia, 202 Kim Yuna, 303 overview, 5–6, 14 King, Martin Luther Jr., 42 Philippines, 253, 279 Kluckholn, Florence, xxi, 3 Los Angeles Times,36 Kochhar, Chanda, 138, 146 low context cultures, communication, Kohei¯ Uchimura, 167 18–20 Kong Qui, 64 Lunar New Year, 294, 294 Korea. See South Korea Lü Zhi, 340 Korea Herald, 295 Korean pop (K Pop), 286 Macapagal-Arroyo, Gloria, 340 Korean wave, 286 Machiguenga study, 10–11 Korea Times, 295 The Mainichi Daily News, 160 Kuala Lumpur, 182, 184, 185, 186, 189. makgeolli, 301 See also Malaysia Malaya Business Insight, 246 Ku lao ju, 110 The Malay Mail, 191 Kung Fu (Wushu), 84 Malaysia, 181–207 kurta, 132 alcohol, 196, 204, 205 kyudo, 167 authority/power, how viewed, 199–200 belief systems, 187–188 Lambanog, 250 bill-paying, tipping, 196 , 24 bowing, 192–193, 195 Lao-tzu, 65 Bumiputeras, 182, 185, 200 Latin America, 7, 19 business cards, 191 laws, regulations, overview of business dress, appearance, 190–191, concept/term, 60 204 leather, 36, 105, 160, 168, 192, 282 business hours, 189 Lee Wai Sze (Sarah Lee), 113 climate, 187 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 368

368 Index

Malaysia, (continued) population, 185 colors, significance of, 191, 192 presentation styles, 194–195 communication, 202–203 quiz, 182–183 conversational topics, 194–195 relationships, 200–201 Corruption Perceptions Index, 186–187 religions, 64–65, 182, 187–188 cultural summary, 205 right hand, 191–193, 195, 196 currency, 188 rules/relationships, how compared, daylight savings, 188 200–201 dining etiquette, 196 self-awareness profile, 206–207 drinking, toasting, 196 social/business life alignment, 21–22, economy, economic centers, 185–186, 204 186 sports, sports figures, 198 eye contact, 192–193 taboos, 192, 197 face (concept of) in, 199 technology, 191–192 fiscal year, 188 telephone country code, 188 foods/dishes, 195–196 Third Billion Index score, 24 formality vs. informality, 49, 203 tightness score, 21 framework, eight-question, 198–205 time, viewing of, 17–18, 201–202 full country name, 185 time zones, 188 gestures, 195 values, 203 gifts, 192 women in business, handling of Global Gender Gap Index, 187 concept, 24, 204–205 government/political structure, 185 working week, 189, 189 greetings, 192–193 See also Islam handshake, 193, 197, 203 The Malaysian Insider, 191 heroes, 197–198 Malaysian Investment Development history, 184 Authority (MIDA), 182, 200 holidays, festivals, 189–190, 190, 199 The Manila Times, 246 Human Development Index, 187 Man Tin Cheung, 112 humor, 194–195 MaoAsada,167 Individualism Index, 14, 15 individual vs. group, acting as, 199 Maotai, 111 Internet suffix, 188 Mao Zedong, 71,92 introductions, 192–193 Ma Ying-jeou, 317 Islamic working week, schedule, 189, Mazumbar-Shaw, Kiran, 138 189 Mecca, 194 Kuala Lumpur, 182, 184, 185, 186, 189 meishi, 160–161 languages, 187 Messiah, 65 location, 181, 185 Mesyuwarah, 199 long-term relationships, 202 Million Dollar Arm, 139 meetings/negotiations, 194, 201–202 mindset, fixed vs. growth, 23, 23 ministries, 200 mindset, success and, 23 monsoon, 187 ming pian,77 names, 193, 194 Mohammed (Prophet), 194 news sources, 191 Mohd Safee Mohd Sali, 198 overview, 182 Molinsky, Andy, 22, 51 personal space, 192–193 Mona Rudao, 329 philosophies, 187–188 monks, 58, 213, 223 phrases, useful, 193 monochronic time, 19 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 369

Index 369 monsoon, 74, 103, 129, 147, 187, 215, humor, 221 268, 282 Individualism Index, 14, 15 Moses, 65 individual vs. group, acting as, 225–226 mosque, 189, 197, 202 Internet suffix, 216 mother, 224, 232, 247, 329. See also Aung introductions, 219, 230–231 San Suu Kyi languages, 215–216 mourning, 78, 107, 111, 192, 296 location, 209, 213 Mughal-e-Azam, 139 measurement system, 215 Muslim. See Islam meetings/negotiations, 220–221 Muzumdar-Shaw, Kiran, 146 ministries, 226–228, 233 Myanmar, 209–236 monsoon, 215 alcohol, 231 names, 220, 221, 231 authority/power, how viewed, 226–227 news sources, 218 belief systems, 216 opening of the country, 233 big face (man of influence), 227 overview, 210 bill-paying, tipping, 223 personal space, 219 bowing, 219–221 philosophies, 216 business cards, 218 phrases, useful, 220 business dress, appearance, 217–218, population, 214 233 Power Distance Index (PDI), 16 business hours, 217 presentation styles, 221 climate, 215 quiz, 211 communication, 229–230 relationships, 226–228, 230–231 conversational topics, 221 religions, 64, 216 Corruption Perceptions Index, 215 rules and relationships, how compared, cultural summary, 233 227–228 currency, 216 secret police, 231–232 daylight savings, 216 self-awareness profile, 233–235 dining etiquette, 222 smoking, 223 drinking, toasting, 222–223, 231 social/business life alignment, 21–22, economy, economic centers, 214, 214 231–232 eye contact, 219 sports, sports figures, 224–225 face (concept of) in, 229–230 superstition effects, 229 fiscal year, 217 taboos, 223 foods/dishes, 221–222 technology, 219 formality vs. informality, 230–231 telephone country code, 216 framework, eight-question, 225–233 time, viewing of, 229 full country name, 213 time zones, 216 gestures, 221 women in business, handling of gifts, 219 concept, 24, 232–233 Global Gender Gap Index, 215, 232 working week, 217, 217 government officials, 219, 228 See also Burma government/political structure, 213 Myanmar Business Journal, 218 greetings, 219 Myanmar Times, 218 handshake, 219 myongye (need for honor), 307 heroes, 224 history, 212–213 names. See also under specific countries holidays, festivals, 217, 218 names, overview of concept/term, 60 Human Development Index, 215 Nascar, xix Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 370

370 Index national identity, 2–3 Philippines, 237–260 Nehwal, Saina, 139 alcohol, 250 nemawashi, 168 authority/power, how viewed, 253–254 New Straits Times, 191 belief systems, 244 New Testament, 64 bill-paying, tipping, 250, 257 New York Times,36 business cards, 247 Nihongo, 158 business dress, appearance, 245–246 nihonshu, 165 business hours, 245 Nikkei Asian Review, 160 climate, 243–244 Nisbett, Richard E., 13, 24, 45, 48–49 communication, 256 Noble Eightfold Path, 64 conversational topics, 248–249 Nooyi, Indra, 146 Corruption Perceptions Index, 243 “no” response, 89, 109, 117, 173–174, cultural summary, 258–259 202, 203, 256, 307, 310 currency, 245 North America, 7, 29–30 daylight savings, 244 North Korea, 70, 288, 289, 302 dining etiquette, 249–250 not-quite, not-exactly (chaigau, chi gau drinking, toasting, 250 masa), 173–174 economy, economic centers, 238, nuclear reactors, 170 241–243, 242 nurses, 238 eye contact, 247–248 fiscal year, 245 O-Bon Festival, 159, 160 foods/dishes, 249 observe lane discipline, 143 formality vs. informality, 256–257 Oda Nobunaga, 166 framework, eight-question, 252–258 OECD (Organization for Economic full country name, 241 Co-Operation and Development), gestures, 249 60, 262 gifts, 247 older professional, 309 Global Gender Gap Index, 243 omiyage, 161, 170 government officials, 247, 257 online gaming, 295–296 government/political structure, 241 other-dependent/other-independent, 61 greetings, 247–248 “our company,” 58, 107, 175 handshake, 247–248 heroes, 251 Pacquiao, Emmanuel Dapidran “Manny,” history, 240–241 251–252 holidays, festivals, 245, 246 pakikipagkapwa-tao, 254 Human Development Index, 243 Pakistan, 21 humor, 248–249 palli palli (faster faster), 286, 306 individual vs. group, acting as, 252–253 Panasonic, 152 Internet suffix, 244 Pandelela Rinong anak Pamg, 198 introductions, 247–248 Park, Geun-hye, 285, 289–290, 340 languages, 244 Park Tae-Hwan, 303 location, 237, 241 participative power, 14 long-term relationships, 253, 279 patent applications, 152, 314 meetings/negotiations, 248, 256 PDI. See Power Distance Index monsoon, 268 People’s Republic of China. See China names, 257 personal appearance/wardrobe, 61 news sources, 246 Petronas Towers, 182, 202 overview, 238 Philippine Daily Inquirer, 246 personal space, 247–248 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 371

Index 371

philosophies, 244 Punjabi, 65 philosophies, overview of concept, purity, 65, 191 64–65 phrases, useful, 248 quasi-governmental, 200 population, 241–242 questions regarding relationships, 13–25 presentation styles, 248–249 Qur’an, 64, 197, 200–201, 205 quiz, 239 relationships, 254–259 Ramadan, 132, 190, 199, 201, 205 religions, 64, 244 Ramani, Sarada, 146–147 right hand, 249–250 Rarick, Charles, 225 rules and relationships, how compared, reciprocation, 81–82, 165, 192, 257, 296 254–255 red, significance of, 107, 192, 296, 301 self-awareness profile, 259–260 refilling drinks, 82, 165, 300 social/business life alignment, relationships 257–258 comparisons, making, 17, 17 sports, sports figures, 251–252 contracts as, 46 taboos, 250 dynamism in, 12–13 technology, 247 gifts severing ties, 58 telephone country code, 244 importance of, xxiii–xxiv, 22, 341 Third Billion Index score, 24 time, viewing of, 255–256 overview of concept/term, 61 time zones, 244 religion, overview of concept, 64–65 women in business, handling of religiously devout, 199 concept, 24, 258 rephrase, 310 working week, 245, 245 Republic of Korea. See South Korea Philippines News Agency, 246 resume, 93 Philippine Star, 246 riba (loan interest payments), 200–201, 205 piety, 191 right hand pigs, 143 India, 136–137 pilgrimage (Hajj), 194 South Korea, 300–301 pink, significance of, 192 Malaysia, 191–193, 195, 196 Pinyin system, 74 overview of concept/term, 55, 57–59 pockets Philippines, 249–250 business cards in, 161, 323 Singapore, 274 hands in, 83, 197, 250, 301 United States, 40 polychronic time, 19 ringgit, 188 pork as taboo, 196, 204, 205, 221–222 Rizal, José P., 251 positive outlook, 238 royal colors, 191, 296 power and authority views, 14–17, 16 royalty, 191, 192, 197 power distance, 16, 16, 203, 305 rule-orientation, 17, 170 Power Distance Index (PDI), 16 Ruth, George Herman Jr. “Babe,” 43 prayer rugs, 197 prisoner’s dilemma, 10 sacred, 58, 64, 138, 192, 196, 204 progressive, younger, 309 safety, 174 promotion, 37, 199–200 Sai Longzhou (dragon boat racing), 84 public eating, 205 Sakamoto Ryoma, 166 public outcry, 278 sake, 165 “pull-out-all-the stops” (hame wo hazusu), salaam, 193 175–176 salwar kameez, 132 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 372

372 Index

San Miguel, 110 framework, eight-question, 276–282 Sanskrit, 65 full country name, 263 scholars, 142, 304 gestures, 273 scriptures, 64–65, 141. See also specific gifts, 272 scriptures by name Global Gender Gap Index, 268 SDN list. See Specially Designated government officials, 271, 272 Nationals list government/political structure, 266 seating arrangement, 298, 310, 325–326 greetings, 272 second-class citizen, 309 handshake, 272 second home, 182 heroes, 275 self-awareness profiles, xxii–xxiii history, 264–265 ‘selfie capital of the planet,’ 238 holidays, festivals, 270, 270 (kick volleyball), 198 Human Development Index, 268 service disruption, 278 humor, 273 shaking hands. See handshake Individualism Index, 14, 15 shame, 85, 168, 172. See also face (concept individual vs. group, acting as, 276–277 of) Internet suffix, 269 Shanghai Daily,77 introductions, 272 sharp objects as gifts, 58, 107, 192 languages, 268 Shinto, Shintoism, 65 location, 261, 263 Sikhs, Sikhism, 65, 104, 126, 130, 137, meetings/negotiations, 273, 277 204 news sources, 271 silence, 20, 61, 83, 166, 174–175, 177, overview, 262 273 personal space, 272 Simons, George, xxi, 1, 4 philosophies, 269 sincerity, 50, 69, 121, 175, 199–200, 228 population, 262, 266 Singapore, 261–284 Power Distance Index, 16 authority/power, how viewed, 277–278 presentation styles, 273 belief systems, 269 bill-paying, tipping, 274 professional code, 279 bowing, 273 quiz, 262–263 business cards, 271 relationships, 277–279 business dress, appearance, 271, 282 religions, 64–65, 269 business hours, 270 right hand, 274 climate, 268 rules and relationships, how compared, communication, 279–280 278 conversational topics, 273 self-awareness profile, 283–284 Corruption Perceptions Index, 267 smoking, 275 cultural summary, 282 social/business life alignment, 281 currency, 269 sports, sports figures, 276 daylight savings, 269 taboos, 275 dining etiquette, 274, 281 technology, 271–272 drinking, toasting, 274 telephone country code, 269 economy, economic centers, 262, Third Billion Index score, 24 266–267, 267 tightness score, 21 eye contact, 272 time, viewing of, 278–279 fiscal year, 269 time zones, 269 foods/dishes, 273–274 uncertainty avoidance in, 12 formality vs. informality, 280–281 universalism orientation in, 17 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 373

Index 373

women in business, handling of greetings, 296 concept, 24, 282 handshake, 296 working week, 270 heroes, 302 Singapore Model, 267 history, 289–290 singing, 258, 300, 308 holidays, festivals, 294, 294 Singlish, 268, 280 Human Development Index, 291 sister, 221 humor, 298 Si yau kai, 110 Individualism Index, 14, 15 Slumdog Millionaire, 139 individual vs. group, acting as, 303–304 slurping, 110, 300 Internet suffix, 293 smiling, overview of concept/term, 62 introductions, 296, 307 So, Wesley, 252 languages, 292 socializing, 22 location, 285, 288 Sohn Myong Suk, 298 meetings/negotiations, 298, 305, 306 soju, 300, 308 monsoon, 282 South America, 7 naming conventions, 297–298 South China Morning Post, 77, 106 news sources, 295 South Korea, 285–312 online gaming, 295–296 authority/power, how viewed, 304–305 overview, 286–287 belief systems, 286, 292 personal space, 296 bill-paying, tipping, 301 philosophies, 286, 292 bowing, 295, 296, 298, 310 phrases, useful, 297 business cards, 295, 301 population, 288, 290 business dress, appearance, 294–295 Power Distance Index, 16 business hours, 293 presentation styles, 298 climate, 292 quiz, 287 colors, significance of, 296, 301 relationships, 300, 303–309 communication, 306–307 religions, 64, 286, 292 contracts, 305 right hand, 300–301 conversational topics, 298 rules and relationships, how compared, Corruption Perceptions Index, 291 305 cultural summary, 308–310 self-awareness profile, 310–311 currency, 293 social/business life alignment, 308 daylight savings, 292 sports, sports figures, 302–303 dining etiquette, 294, 300, 308 taboos, 301 drinking, toasting, 300–301, 308 technology, 286, 295–296 economy, economic centers, 290–291, telephone country code, 293 291 Third Billion Index score, 24 eye contact, 296 tightness score, 21 face (concept of) in, 307 time, viewing of, 306 fiscal year, 293 time zones, 292–293 foods/dishes, 299–300 universalism orientation in, 17 formality vs. informality, 307–308 women in business, handling of framework, eight-question, 303–309 concept, 24, 308–309 full country name, 288 working week, 293 gestures, 299 Specially Designated Nationals (SDN) list, gifts, 56, 296 62, 228 Global Gender Gap Index, 292 spiritual purity, 65 government/political structure, 288 spitting, overview of concept/term, 62 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 374

374 Index ssireum (Korean wrestling), 302 heroes, 329 The Standard, 106 history, 316–317 The Star, 191 holidays, festivals, 322, 323 status markers, 277 Human Development Index, 320 stiletto heels, 177, 295 humor, 326 The Straits Times, 271 Individualism Index, 14, 15 Strodtbeck, Fred, xxi, 3 individual vs. group, acting as, 330 sui bian,82 Internet suffix, 321 Suiko Tennö, 340 introductions, 324 Sui ngoh, 110 languages, 320–321 sumo, 167 location, 313, 318 The Sun, 191 meetings/negotiations, 325–326, 332 superstition, overview of concept/term, news sources, 323 62, 229 overview, 314–315 personal space, 324 taekwondo, 302 philosophies, 321 Ta i p e i T i m e s , 323 phrases, useful, 325 Taiwan, 313–337 population, 318 alcohol, 327 Power Distance Index, 16 authority/power, how viewed, 330–331 presentation styles, 325–326 belief systems, 321 quiz, 315 bill-paying, tipping, 328 relationships, 324, 331–335 bowing, 324 religions, 64–65, 321 business cards, 323 rules and relationships, how compared, business dress, appearance, 323 331–332 business hours, 322 self-awareness profile, 336–338 climate, 320 smoking, 328 communication, 333 social/business life alignment, 334–335 conversational topics, 326 social media usage, 334–335 Corruption Perceptions Index, 320 sports, sports figures, 329 cultural summary, 336 taboos, 328 currency, 321 technology, 323–324 daylight savings, 321 telephone country code, 321 dining etiquette, 327 time, viewing of, 332, 336 drinking, toasting, 327–328 time zones, 321 economy, economic centers, 314, women in business, handling of 318–320, 319 concept, 24, 335–336 eye contact, 324 working week, 322, 322 fiscal year, 322, 331 year-end bonus party, 331–332 foods/dishes, 326–327 Taiwan News, 323 formality vs. informality, 333–334 takchu, yakchu, 301 framework, eight-question, 329–336 Tan Sri Zeti Akhtar Aziz, 204–205 full country name, 318 Taoism, 65 gestures, 326 Tao Te Ching, 65 gifts, 324 Tata, Ratan, 138 Global Gender Gap Index, 320 tatemae, 174 government/political structure, 318 ‘Ten Commandments,’ 65. See also greetings, 324, 333 Christianity; Judaism handshake, 348 Tendulkar, Sachin, 139 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 375

Index 375 tennis, 139 economy, economic centers, 31–32, 32 terno, 246 eye contact, 37 ‘text capital of the world’, 238. See also fiscal year, 35 Philippines foods/dishes, 39 , 14, 15, 16, 24, 44–45 formality vs. informality, 49–50 Theory X, 140 framework, eight-question, 43–51 Thet Zaw Win, 225 full country name, 29–30 thinking, individual differences, 11–12 gestures, 39 Third Billion Index, 23–24, 24, 50–51 gifts, 37 ‘Three Abrahamic Religions,’ 65, 165 Global Gender Gap Index, 33 ‘Three Treasures,’ 65 government/political structure, 31 Tiananmen Square, 83 greetings, 37 Tibet, 83 handshake, 37 tight and loose scores, 21 heroes, 41–42 time, views of. See also under specific history, 30 countries holidays, festivals, 35 time,viewsof,overviewofconcept/term, Human Development Index, 32 17–18, 19, 62–63 humor, 38 The Times of India, 133 Individualism Index, 14, 15 To day, 271 individual vs. group, acting as, 43–44 Tohoku Earthquake, 152, 154 Internet suffix, 34 Torah (to teach), 65. See also Judaism introductions, 37 touching, overview of concept/term, 63 languages, 33 Trompenaars, Fons, xxi, 17, 18, 44, 304 location, 27,29 Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, 198 measurement system, 33 Tun Abdul Razak Hussein, 197 meetings/negotiations, 38 Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra, 197 names, 38 news sources, 36 uncertainty avoidance, 5, 12 overview, 28 United Kingdom, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24 personal space, 37 United States, 27–54 philosophies, 33–34 alcohol, 40, 50 phrases, useful, 38 authority/power, how viewed, 44–45 population, 31 belief systems, 33–34 Power Distance Index, 16 bill-paying, tipping, 40 presentation styles, 38 business cards, 36–37 quiz, 28–29 business culture, 50 religions, 33–34 business dress, appearance, 36 right hand, 40 business hours, 35 rules/relationships, how compared, climate, 33 45–46, 142 communication, 19, 48–49 self-awareness profile, 52–53 contracts in, 142 smoking, 40 conversational topics, 38 social/business life alignment, 21–22, 50 Corruption Perceptions Index, 32 sports, 42 cultural summary, 52 sports figures, 43 currency, 34 taboos, 41 daylight savings, 34 technology, 37 dining etiquette, 39–40 telephone country code, 34 drinking, toasting, 40 Third Billion Index score, 24 Trim Size: 6in x 9in Schweitzer bindex.tex V1 - 05/25/2016 10:21am Page 376

376 Index

United States, (continued) ‘‘way of the spirits” (kami), 65 tightness score, 21 white, significance of, 107, 111, 134, 192, time, viewing of, 46–48 296 time zones, 34 white lilies, 247 universalism orientation in, 17 Wie, Michelle, 303 women in business, handling of Williams, Serena, 43 concept, 24, 50–51 Winfrey, Oprah, 42 working week, 35 without-etiquette (bureiko), 175 universalism in thinking, 11–12 women in business, how viewed, 23–24, erroneous assumption, 11 50–51, 282. See also specific country universalism particularism, 17 Wushu (Kung Fu), 84 USA Today,36 utang (debt)na loob (life-long obligations), xiaochi, 326–327 255 U Thant, 224 yakitori, 170 value orientations theory, 3, 12 Yani Tseng, 329 Varnashrama, 141 Yao Ming, 84 Vedas, 64, 141 Yap, James Carlos Agravante Sr., 252 , 14, 15, 16, 24 yellow, significance of, 191, 192 Vision 20/20, 202 ‘ying and yang’ (opposite & voice, 63 complementary forces), 92 volleyball, 112, 167, 198, 302 Ying-yi Hong, 32 Yuan Tseh Lee, 329 Yu e Fe i , 8 3 wa, 168. See also Japan Wall Street Journal,36 wardrobe, overview of concept, 61 Zheng Chenggong, 329 Washington, George, 41–42 Zhian jing, 110