Chapter 16: Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions Matching

Chapter 15: Fire Hose, Appliances, and Nozzles 1

1. D (page 621) 3. H (page 613) 5. C (page 599) 7. A (page 622) 9. I (page 612) 2. F (page 639) 4. J (page 613) 6. E (page 621) 8. G (page 605) 10. B (page 599)

Multiple Choice

1. C (page 621) 8. B (page 607) 15. A (page 611) 2. A (page 625) 9. D (page 613) 16. C (page 613) 3. B (page 645) 10. B (page 639) 17. B (page 621) 4. C (page 605) 11. C (page 632) 18. D (page 625) 5. D (page 599) 12. A (page 631) 19. A (page 613) 6. A (page 605) 13. B (page 616) 20. C (page 621) 7. C (page 607) 14. D (page 619)

Labeling

Label the following diagram with the correct terms. 1. Two engines perform a split hose lay. A. Attack engine B. Supply engine C. Direction of lay D. Coupling E. Direction of lay (page 600)

Supply engine Attack engine

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tlett

a Direction B

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Direction Coupling Jones

Chapter 16: Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions 87

2. Three basic hose loads are used to load supply hose onto the apparatus. A. The f lat hose load. B. The horseshoe load. C. The accordion load. (page 608)

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1. I (page 612) 2. B (page 599) 3. D (page 619) 4. A (page 611) 5. C (page 613) 6. B (page 621) 7. D (page 625) 8. A (page 613) 9. C (page 621)

Vocabulary

1. Accordion hose load: A method of loading hose that resembles accordion sections. This is achieved by standing the hose on its edge and laying it side to side in the hose bed. (page 611) 2. Forward hose lay: A method of laying a supply line where the line starts at the water source and ends at the attack engine. (page 599) 3. Reverse hose lay: A method of laying a supply line where the supply line starts at the attack engine and ends at the water source. (page 605) 4. Combination hose load: A hose loading method used when one long hose line is needed. (page 613)

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5. Dutchman: A short fold placed in a hose when loading the hose into a hose bed. The fold keeps the hose properly oriented and prevents the coupling from turning in the hose bed. (page 613) 6. Split hose bed: A hose bed arranged to enable the engine to lay out either a single supply line or two supply lines simultaneously. (page 612) 7. Split hose lay: A hose lay performed by two engine companies in situations where hose must be laid in two different directions to establish a water supply. (page 605) 8. Horseshoe hose load: A hose loading method in which hose is laid on its edge around the perimeter of the hose bed so that it resembles a horseshoe. (page 607) 9. Flat hose load: A hose loading method in which the hose is laid flat and stacked on top of the previous section. (page 607) 10. Triple-layer load: A hose loading method in which the hose is folded back onto itself to reduce the overall length to one-third before loading the hose into the hose bed. (page 625)

Fill-In

1. attack engine (page 599) 6. structure, vehicle (page 621) 2. forward (page 599) 7. transitional (page 629) 3. four way (page 603) 8. serpentine (page 631) 4. f lat (page 607) 9. reverse (page 605) 5. sprinkler, standpipe (page 619) 10. LDH (page 611)

True/False

1. T (page 634) 4. F (page 612) 7. T (page 631) 9. F (page 621) 2. F (page 599) 5. F (page 613) 8. T (page 632) 10. F (page 632) 3. T (page 605) 6. F (page 627)

Short Answer

1. The four purposes of a split hose bed include: (1) one compartment in a split hose bed can be loaded for a forward hose lay; (2) two parallel hose lines can be laid at the same time; (3) the split hose beds can be used to store hose of different size; (4) all of the hose from both sides of the hose bed can be laid out as a single hose line. (pages 612–613) 2. The criteria used in determining which technique to use includes: (1) the distance from the apparatus to the door; (2) the number of obstacles between the apparatus and the entry point; (3) the size of the fire building; (4) distance from the entry point to the seat of the fire. (page 631) 3. In the forward lay, the hose is laid out from the water source, such as a fire hydrant, to the fire scene. In the reverse hose lay, the hose is laid out from the fire to the water source, such as a fire hydrant. (pages 599 and 605) 4. To replace a section of defective hose, the burst section should be shut down as soon as possible. The fire fighters operating the hose line should be removed from the area if it is hazardous. Place a hose clamp on an undamaged section of hose upstream from the damaged section. After the water f low is shut off, quickly remove the damaged section, mark it as defective, replace it with two sections of hose, and then restore the water f low. (page 640)

Fire Alarms

1. Select the appropriate technique for advancing the attack line from the attack engine to the door. When the attack line has been laid out to the entry point, f lake the hose out in a serpentine pattern with lengths of hose running parallel to the front of the fire building to facilitate advancing it into the building. Make sure the hose is f laked out before being charged with water. Once the hose is f laked out, signal the driver/operator to charge the line. Open the nozzle slowly to bleed out any trapped air and to make sure the hose is operating properly. Make sure the nozzle is set to deliver the appropriate stream. Quickly check all parts of the PPE. When given the command by your officer to advance the hose, make sure safety is your number one priority. (pages 631–632) 2. Your engine should stop close to the attack engine on arrival. The supply hose should be pulled from the bed of your engine (supply engine) and connected to the suction side of the pump on the attack engine. Drive to the fire hydrant (or alternative water source), connect the supply hose to the water source, and pump water back to the attack engine. (page 605)

Chapter 16: Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions 89

Skill Drills

Skill Drill 16-1: Performing a Forward Hose Lay Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.15 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. The pump driver/operator stops the fire apparatus 2. Step off of the apparatus carrying the hydrant 10 ft (3 m) from the fire hydrant. wrench and all necessary tools. Grasp enough hose to reach to and loop around the fire

hydrant. Loop the end of the hose around the fire hydrant, or secure the hose as specified in the local standard operating procedure (SOP). Do not stand between the hose and the fire hydrant. Never stand on the hose.

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© © 3. Signal the pump driver/operator to proceed to the 4. Once the apparatus has moved off and a length fire once the hose is secured. of supply hose has been removed from the apparatus and is lying on the ground, remove the appropriate-size fire hydrant cap from the outlet nearest to the fire. Follow the local SOP for checking the operating condition of the fire hydrant.

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© © 5. Attach the supply hose to the outlet on the fire 6. Attach the hydrant wrench to the stem nut on the hydrant. An adaptor may be needed if a large- fire hydrant. Check the top of the hydrant for an diameter hose with Storz-type couplings is arrow indicating the direction to turn to open. used. The pump driver/operator uncouples the hose and

attaches the end of the supply hose to the suction side of the pump on the attack engine or clamps the hose closed to the fire pump, depending on the local SOP.

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© © 7. When the pump driver/operator signals to charge 8. Follow the hose back to the engine, and remove the hose by prearranged hand signal, radio, or any kinks from the supply hose. (pages 601–602) air horn, open the hydrant valve slowly and completely.

Chapter 16: Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions 91

Skill Drill 16-2: Attaching a Fire Hose to a Four-Way Hydrant Valve Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.15 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. Stop the attack engine 10 ft (3 m) past the fire 2. Once enough hose has been removed from the hydrant to be used. Grasp the four-way hydrant apparatus and is lying on the ground, remove the valve, the attached hose, and enough hose to steamer port (large-diameter port) from the fire reach to and loop around the fire hydrant. Carry hydrant. Follow the local SOP for checking the the four-way hydrant valve from the apparatus, operating condition of the fire hydrant. Attach the along with the hydrant wrench and any other four-way hydrant valve to the fire hydrant outlet needed tools. Loop the end of the hose around (an adaptor may be needed). Attach the hydrant the fire hydrant or secure the hose with a rope as wrench to the fire hydrant. The attack engine specified in the local SOP. Do not stand between driver/operator uncouples the hose and attaches the fire hydrant and hose. Signal the attack engine the end of the supply line to the suction side of driver/operator to proceed to the fire. the pump on the attack engine. The attack engine driver/ operator signals by prearranged hand signal, radio, or air horn to charge the supply line. Open the hydrant valve slowly and completely.

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L from the fire hydrant. When the supply engine tlett r

a arrives at the fire scene, the supply engine driver/ B

& operator stops at the fire hydrant that has the four- Jones

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© © 4. The supply engine driver/operator attaches a hose 5. The supply engine driver/operator attaches a from the four-way hydrant valve outlet to the second hose to the inlet side of the four-way suction side of the pump on the supply engine. hydrant valve and connects the other end to the discharge side of the pump on the supply engine.

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6. Change the position of the four-way hydrant valve tlett r

a to direct the f low of water from the fire hydrant B

& through the supply engine and into the supply line. Jones

Skill Drill 16-5: Performing a Flat Hose Load Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.5.2 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. If you are loading supply hose with threaded couplings, determine whether the hose will be used for a forward hose lay or a reverse hose lay. To set up the hose for a forward hose lay, place the male hose coupling in the hose bed ﬁrst. To set up the hose for a reverse hose lay, place the female hose coupling in the hose bed ﬁrst. Start the hose load with the coupling at the front end of the hose bed.

2. Fold the hose back on itself at the rear of the hose bed.

Chapter 16: Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions 93

3. Run the hose back to the front end of the hose bed on top of the previous length of hose. Fold the hose back on itself so the top of the hose is on the previous length.

4. While laying the hose back to the front of the hose bed, angle the hose to the side of the previous fold.

5. Continue to lay the hose in neat folds until the whole hose bed is covered with a layer of hose. To make this hose load neat, make every other layer of hose slightly shorter, or alternate the folds. This keeps the ends from getting too high at the folds. Continue to load the layers of hose until the required amount of hose is loaded. (page 609)

Skill Drill 16-8: Attaching a Soft Sleeve Hose to a Fire Hydrant Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.15 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. The pump driver/operator positions the apparatus so the suction side of the pump on the attack engine is the correct distance from the ﬁre hydrant. Remove the hose from the hose bed along with any needed adaptors and the hydrant wrench.

2. Attach the soft sleeve hose to the suction side of the pump on the attack engine if it is not already attached. In some departments, this end of the hose is preconnected. It may be necessary to use an adaptor.

3. Unroll the hose.

4. Remove the large ﬁre hydrant cap. Check the ﬁre hydrant for proper operation.

5. Attach the soft sleeve hose to the ﬁre hydrant.

6. Ensure there are no kinks or sharp bends in the hose that might restrict the ﬂow of water.

7. Open the ﬁre hydrant valve slowly when indicated by the driver/operator. Check all connections for leaks. Tighten the couplings if necessary.

8. Where required, place chaﬁng blocks under the hose where it contacts the ground to prevent mechanical abrasion. (pages 614–615)

Skill Drill 16-12: Connecting a Hose Line to Supply a Fire Department Connection Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.15 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. Locate the fire department connection (FDC) to the standpipe or sprinkler system. Extend a hose line from the discharge side of the pump on the engine to the FDC using the size of hose required by the fire department’s SOPs. Some fire departments use a single hose line, whereas others call for two or more lines to be connected.

2. Remove the caps on the standpipe inlet. Some caps are threaded into the connections and must be unscrewed. Other caps are designed to break away when struck with a tool such as a hydrant wrench or spanner wrench.

3. Visually inspect the interior of the connection on the FDC to ensure it does not contain any debris that might obstruct the water flow. Never stick your hand or fingers inside the connections; fire fighters have been injured from sharp debris left inside these connections. Attach the hose line to the FDC. Notify the pump driver/operator when the connection has been completed. (page 620)

Skill Drill 16-17: Performing a Triple-Layer Hose Load Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.5.2 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. Attach the female end of the hose to the preconnect discharge outlet.

2. Connect the sections of hose together.

3. Extend the hose directly from the hose bed. Pick up the hose two-thirds of the distance from the preconnect discharge outlet to the hose nozzle.

4. Carry the hose back to the apparatus, forming a three-layer loop.

5. Pick up the entire length of folded hose. (This will take at least two fire fighters).

6. Lay the triple-folded hose in the hose bed in an S-shape with the nozzle on top. (pages 623–624)

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Skill Drill 16-19: Unloading and Advancing Wyed Lines Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.10 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 3. Attach the female end of a 1¾-in. (45-mm) attack 4. Attach the female end of a second 1¾-in. (45-mm) line to one outlet on the gated wye. attack line to the second outlet of the gated wye. The individual ¾-in. (45-mm) attack lines can now be extended to the desired positions. (page 630)

Chapter 16: Supply Line and Attack Line Evolutions 95

Skill Drill 16-22: Advancing an Uncharged Attack Line up a Ladder Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.10 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. If a hose line needs to be advanced up a ladder, it should be advanced before it is charged. Advance the hose line to the ladder. Pick up the nozzle; place the hose over the chest, with the nozzle draped over the shoulder. Climb up the ladder with the uncharged hose line.

2. Once the first fire fighter reaches the first fly section of the ladder, a second fire fighter shoulders the hose to assist advancing the hose line up the ladder. To avoid overloading of the ladder, enforce a limit of one fire fighter per fly section. The nozzle is placed over the top rung of the ladder and advanced into the fire area.

3. Additional hose can be fed up the ladder until sufﬁcient hose is in position. The hose can be secured to the ladder with a hose strap to support its weight and keep it from becoming dislodged. (page 622)

Skill Drill 16-24: Connecting and Advancing an Attack Line from a Standpipe Outlet Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.10 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. Carry a standpipe hose bundle to the standpipe 2. Remove the cap from the standpipe outlet. Open outlet that is one f loor below the fire. the standpipe valve to f lush the standpipe. Attach the proper adaptor or an appliance such as a gated wye to the standpipe outlet.

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© © 3. Flake the hose up the stairs to the f loor above 4. Extend the hose back down to the fire f loor, and the fire f loor or along a hallway outside the fire prepare for the fire attack. (pages 640–641) compartment. It is better to have too much hose than not enough hose.

96 A n s w e r K e y

Skill Drill 16-26: Draining a Hose Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.5.2 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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tlett r

a B

Jones

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Jones

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Chapter 17: Fire Suppression 97

Chapter 17: Fire Suppression Matching

1. H (page 680) 3. G (page 657) 5. F (page 649) 7. B (page 656) 9. C (page 653) 2. D (page 649) 4. I (page 680) 6. E (page 677) 8. J (page 657) 10. A (page 657)

Multiple Choice

1. B (page 650) 4. C (page 667) 7. C (page 689) 10. D (page 679) 13. D (page 656) 2. A (page 674) 5. B (page 657) 8. B (page 660) 11. C (page 667) 14. B (page 664) 3. D (page 679) 6. D (page 667) 9. A (page 682) 12. B (page 662) 15. C (page 678)

Labeling

Label the following diagram with the correct terms. 1. Fog-stream nozzles produce straight streams or multiple fog streams.

A. Straight stream. g earnin

B. Fog stream. (page 657) L

tlett r a B

Jones

2. Roof vents will affect how fires grow and spread. A. Static vent B. Dormer vent C. Ridge vent D. Gable vent E. Soffit vent under eave F. Whirlybird vent (page 672)

Static vent

Dormer vent

Ridge vent Whirlybird vent

Soffit vent under eave

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a Gable vent B

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Vocabulary

1. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems: A power system designed to convert solar energy into electrical energy. (page 677) 2. Hybrid electric vehicle: Vehicles that use both a battery-powered electric motor and a liquid-fueled engine to propel the vehicle. (page 680) 3. Fuel cells: Cells that generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to produce water, and in the process produce electricity to propel a vehicle. (page 683) 4. Offensive operation: An offensive operation or offensive attack are operations generally performed in the interior of involved structures that include a direct attack on a fire to directly control and extinguish the fire. (page 650) 5. Defensive operation: A defensive operation or defensive attack are operations that are intended to control a fire by limiting its spread to a defined area, avoiding the commitment of personnel and equipment to dangerous areas. (page 650) 6. Ladder pipe: A monitor that attaches to the rungs of a vehicle-mounted aerial ladder. (page 669) 7. Soffit: The material covering the gap between the edge of the roof and the exterior wall of the house. (page 671) 8. Alternative-fuel vehicle: A vehicle that uses anything other than a petroleum-based motor fuel, such as gasoline or diesel fuel, to propel a motorized vehicle. (page 680) 9. Conventional vehicle: Vehicles that use internal combustion engines for power. (page 679) 10. Combination attack: A type of fire attack employing both direct attack and indirect attack methods. (page 662).

Fill-In 1. IC (page 650) 6. petroleum (page 682) 2. direct (page 662) 7. air (page 657) 3. deck gun (page 667) 8. two (page 664) 4. upwind, 45 (page 684) 9. ground cover (page 671) 5. Halligan (page 687) 10. Protecting exposures (page 674)

True/False 1. T (page 667) 3. T (page 679) 5. F (page 657) 7. T (page 649) 9. T (page 673) 2. F (page 677) 4. T (page 683) 6. T (page 667) 8. F (page 680) 10. F (page 667)

Short Answer

1. Three locations where an attic fire can start include: (1) the attic area; (2) a location apart from the attic, such as the basement of a house with balloon frame construction; (3) outside, often beginning as a ground cover fire. (page 671) 2. The challenges presented by basement fires include (student should identify four): (1) they may be hard to recognize as basement fires; (2) many vertical voids provide ample opportunities for fire gases to spread throughout the building; (3) fires originating in the basement may quickly involve the floor and support system; (4) basements are difficult and dangerous spaces to access because they have limited routes for entering and exiting; (5) many basements contain a high volume of flammable materials, which results in a high fuel load and the production of large quantities of heat; (6) water applied via the interior stairs has a limited effect on cooling the basement or extinguishing the fire. (page 670) 3. Buildings that are under construction, renovation, or demolition are all at an increased risk for destruction by fire. The buildings have large quantities of combustible materials exposed, while lacking the fire-resistant features of a finished building. Fire detection, fire alarm, and automatic fire suppression systems often are not installed or are inoperable. Construction worker torches and other f lame-producing devices pose a fire risk. These buildings are often unoccupied and can be easy targets for arsonists. (page 673) 4. Battery electric vehicles are propelled solely by an electric motor that is powered by batteries. Hybrid electric vehicles use both a battery-powered electric motor and a liquid-fueled engine. (page 680)

Fire Alarms

1. Avoid using water to extinguish the fire unless it is necessary, because the water may crack or damage the hot f lue. Dry chemical extinguishers are commonly used. While wearing full PPE and SCBA, discharge the extinguisher into the firebox and up into the chimney. If the fire is not severe, use salvage tarps to cover the f loor and contents near the fireplace to reduce damage from the extinguisher discharge. Use a thermal imaging device to check for hot spots

Chapter 17: Fire Suppression 99

behind walls and in the attic. Visually check the attic for extension and overhaul any areas where fire has breached the chimney. Remove all debris and ensure that all burning embers are extinguished. (pages 678–679) 2. Remove the portable monitor from the apparatus and carry it to the location where it will be used. Advance an adequate number of hose lines from the engine to the monitor. Form a large loop in the end of each hose line in front of the monitor, and then attach the male coupling to the inlets of the monitor. Ensure that the monitor is adequately secured so that the nozzle reaction force does not move it from its position. Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and your department’s SOPs to ensure the safe and effective operation of the monitor. (pages 667–668)

Skill Drills

Skill Drill 17-1: Performing the Transitional Attack Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.10 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. Don full personal protective equipment (PPE) and 2. Don the face piece, and activate the SCBA and personal self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Select the alert safety system (PASS) device prior to entering the proper handline to be used to attack the fire based building. on the fire’s size, location, and type. Advance the hose line from the apparatus to the entry point of the

structure. Flake out excess hose in front of the entry point.

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Open the nozzle to purge air from the system, and make tlett r a sure water is f lowing. If using an adjustable nozzle, ensure B

& that it is set to the proper nozzle pattern for entry. Shut Jones

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© © 4. If fire has vented from a door or window, apply 5. Check the entry door for heat before making entry. a straight stream through the top of the opening from a safe, exterior location so it def lects off the ceiling. Evaluate the effectiveness of the hose stream before transitioning to an interior fire attack.

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© © 6. Control the f low path as crews advance toward the fire. 7. If it is safe to do so, advance into the fire compartment and apply water to the base of the fire. If it is not safe to advance into the fire compartment, apply water from a safe location such as a hallway, adjoining room, or doorway, until the room begins to darken.

Chapter 17: Fire Suppression 101

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Skill Drill 17-2: Performing a Direct Attack Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.10 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. Don full PPE and SCBA. Select the proper 2. Don the face piece, and activate the SCBA and handline to be used to attack the fire based on PASS device prior to entering the building. the fire’s size, location, and type. Advance the

hose line from the apparatus to the entry point of the structure. Flake out excess hose in front of the entry point.

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© © 3. Notify the pump driver/operator that you are 4. Open the nozzle to purge air from the system, ready for water. and make sure water is f lowing. If using an adjustable nozzle, ensure that it is set to the proper nozzle pattern for entry. Shut down the nozzle until you are in a position to apply water.

10 A n s w e r K e y 2

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© © 7. If it is safe to do so, advance into the fire 8. Shut the nozzle off, and reassess the fire compartment, and apply water to the base of the conditions. Confirm that ventilation has been fire. completed. Locate and extinguish hot spots until the fire is completely extinguished. (pages 658–659)

Skill Drill 17-3: Performing an Indirect Attack Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.10 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. Don full PPE and SCBA. Select the proper handline 2. Don the face piece, and activate the SCBA and PASS to be used to attack the fire based on the fire’s size, device prior to entering the building. location, and type. Advance the hose line from the apparatus to the entry point of the structure. Flake out excess hose in front of the entry point.

Chapter 17: Fire Suppression 103

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nozzle, ensure that it is set to the proper nozzle pattern for entry. Shut down the nozzle until you are in a position to apply water.

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© © 7. From the safest location, such as a hallway, adjoining 8. Shut the nozzle off, and reassess the fire conditions. room, or doorway, apply water to the superheated Confirm that ventilation has been completed. Locate gases at the ceiling, and move the stream back and and extinguish hot spots until the fire is completely forth. Flow water until the room begins to darken. extinguished. (pages 660–661)

10 A n s w e r K e y 4

Skill Drill 17-4: Performing a Combination Attack Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.10 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. Don full PPE and SCBA. Select the proper handline to be used to attack the ﬁre based on the ﬁre’s size, location, and type. Advance the hose line from the apparatus to the entry point of the structure. Flake out excess hose in front of the entry point.

2. Don the face piece and activate the SCBA and PASS device prior to entering the building.

3. Notify the pump driver/operator that you are ready for water.

4. Open the nozzle to purge air from the system, and make sure water is ﬂowing. If using an adjustable nozzle, ensure it is set to the proper nozzle pattern for entry. Shut down the nozzle until you are in a position to apply water.

5. Check the entry door for heat before making entry.

6. Control the ﬂow path as crews advance toward the ﬁre.

7. From the safest location, such as a hallway, adjoining room, or doorway, apply water to the superheated gases at the ceiling, and move the stream back and forth. Flow water until the room begins to darken.

8. If it is safe to do so, advance into the ﬁre compartment, and apply water to the base of the ﬁre.

9. Shut the nozzle off, and reassess the fire conditions. Confirm that ventilation has been completed. Locate and extinguish hot spots until the fire is completely extinguished. (pages 662–663)

Skill Drill 17-5: Performing the One-Fire Fighter Method for Operating a Large Handline Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.8 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. Select the correct size of fire hose for the task to be performed. While wearing full PPE and SCBA, advance the hose into the position from which you plan to attack the fire. Signal that you are ready for water. Open the nozzle to allow air to escape and to ensure that water is flowing, and then close the nozzle.

2. Make a loop with the hose. Ensure that the nozzle is under the hose line that is coming from the ﬁre apparatus. Using rope or a strap, secure the hose sections together where they cross, or use your body weight to kneel or sit on the hose line at the point where the hose crosses itself.

3. Allow enough hose to extend past the section where the line crosses itself for maneuverability.

4. Open the nozzle and direct water onto the designated area. (page 665)

Skill Drill 17-6: Performing the Two-Fire Fighter Method for Operating a Large Handline Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.8 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. Don all PPE and SCBA. Select the correct hand line for the task at hand. Stretch the hose line from the ﬁre apparatus into position.

2. Signal that you are ready for water and open the nozzle a small amount to allow air to escape and to ensure water is ﬂowing. Advance the hose line as needed.

3. Before attacking the fire, the fire fighter on the nozzle should cradle the hose on his or her hip while grasping the nozzle with one hand and supporting the hose with the other hand. The second fire fighter should stay 3 ft (0.9 m) behind him or her and grasp the hose, securing it with two hands.

4. Open the nozzle in a controlled fashion and direct water onto the ﬁre or designated exposure. (page 666)

Skill Drill 17-7: Operating a Deck Gun Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.8 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. Make sure all firefighting personnel are out of the structure. Place the deck gun in the correct position. Aim the deck gun at the fire or at the target exposure. Signal the pump driver/operator that you are ready for water.

2. Once water is ﬂowing, adjust the angle, aim, or water ﬂow as necessary. (page 668)

Chapter 17: Fire Suppression 105

Skill Drill 17-9: Locating and Suppressing Concealed-Space Fires Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.8 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by filling in the correct words in the photo captions.

1. Locate the area of the building where a hidden fire is believed to exist. Look for signs of fire such as smoke coming from cracks or openings in walls, charred areas with no outward evidence of fire, and peeling or bubbled paint or wallpaper. Listen for cracks and pops or hissing steam. Use a thermal imaging device to look for areas of heat that may indicate a hidden fire. Use the back of your hand to feel for heat coming from a wall or floor.

2. If a hidden fire is suspected, use a tool such as an axe or Halligan tool to remove the building material over the area. If fire is found, expose the area as much as possible without causing unnecessary damage, and extinguish the fire using conventional firefighting methods. (page 669)

Skill Drill 17-10: Extinguishing an Outside Class A Fire: Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.8 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. Don full PPE, including SCBA; enter the 2. Deploy an appropriate attack line (at least 1½ in. personnel accountability system; and work as a [38 mm] in diameter). team. Perform size-up, and give an arrival report. Call for additional resources if needed. Ensure that apparatus is positioned uphill and upwind of

the fire and that it protects the scene from traffic.

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© © 3. Open the nozzle to purge air from the system, 4. Direct the crew to attack the fire in a safe and make sure water is f lowing. If using an manner—uphill and upwind from the fire. adjustable nozzle, ensure that it is set to the proper nozzle pattern. Shut down the nozzle until you are in a position to apply water.

10 A n s w e r K e y 6

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© © 5. Break up compact materials with hand tools or 6. Overhaul the fire, and notify command when hose streams. the fire is under control. Identify obvious signs of the origin and cause of the fire. Preserve any evidence of arson. Return the equipment and crew to service. (pages 675–676)

Skill Drill 17-11: Extinguishing a Vehicle Fire: Fire Fighter I, NFPA 1001: 4.3.7 Test your knowledge of this skill drill by placing the photos below in the correct order. Number the first step with a “1,” the second step with a “2,” and so on.

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© © 1. Don full PPE, including SCBA; enter the 2. Deploy an appropriate attack line (at least 1½ in. personnel accountability system; and work as a [38-mm] in diameter). team. Perform size-up, and give an arrival report. Call for additional resources if needed. Ensure that apparatus is positioned uphill and upwind of the fire and that it protects the scene from traffic.

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Chapter 17: Fire Suppression 107

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4. Direct the crew to attack the fire in a safe manner. Attack from uphill and upwind of the fire and at a 45-degree angle, and extinguish any fire under the vehicle.

5. Carefully approach the vehicle, and completely suppress the fire.

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6. Overhaul all areas of the vehicle, including the passenger compartment, engine compartment, and cargo area (trunk).

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© 7. Notify command when the fire is under control. Identify obvious signs of the origin and cause of the fire. Preserve any evidence of arson. Return the equipment and crew to service. (pages 685–686)