Achieving the SDGs in Africa: data, finance, digitalization & localization
Mahmoud Mohieldin Georgetown University @wbg2030 January 23rd 2019 Senior Vice President World Bank Group worldbank.org/sdgs Table of contents
I) African Perspectives II) The opportunity of the SDGs III) Supporting the SDG Agenda ✓Data ✓Finance ✓Implementation ❖Digitalization ❖Localization African Perspectives
Total countries: 52
Population: 1.3 billion Share of total population: 17.33% China: 1.38 billion India: 1.33 billion
GDP per capita (Current prices, U.S. dollars per capita): $1,890
GDP share of world: 2.75%
FDI to Africa: $42 billion (Out of total $1.43 trillion) FDI outflow from Africa: $12.1 billion
Source: International Monetary Fund, 2018 https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/datasets/WEO/1 3 World Investment Report, UNCTAD, 2018 https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2018_en.pdf Africa GDP compared to China and India
4 Main challenges affecting Africa
Poverty Currency Depreciation andDebt
▪ Poverty is falling more slowly in Africa than ▪ The strong US dollar has put pressureon other regions currencies across the region ▪ Absolute number of poor has increased dueto ▪ This has increased inflation and led to higher high population growth rate debt burdens
Sluggish Growth Fragility andConflict
▪ Growth continues to strengthen, reaching an ▪ Africa hosts a third ofthe world’s displaced estimated 3.5 percent in 2018, but is still population below potential ▪ The region has seen an increase in non-traditional ▪ Commodity exporters are experiencing the forms of conflict that target civilians sharpest declines in growth
CommodityPrices ClimateVulnerability
▪ Africa is the lowest carbon emitter but is more ▪ Africa is a net commodities exporter and is vulnerable to climate change than other regions deeply affected by lower commodityprices ▪ Climate change threatens natural capital, physical capital, and human capital
5 Source: African Economic Outlook 2019, African Development Bank The SDGs present a major opportunity for transformation
MDGs (2000-2015) SDGs (2016-2030) Goals/ Targets/Indicators 8/21/60 17/169/~230 Priority Areas Human Development Holistic: Economic, Social, Environmental Scope Developing Countries Universal Global development agendas serve as a guide for countries to determine their national development path 6 With underachieved MDGs, the SDGs require more work
Improvementsin health,nutrition,andeducation,but much remainsto be doneto meetthe MDGs in Africa. ▪ Thecontinent achievedmore than70 percentof the progress requiredby 2015 on severalindicators:prevalenceof undernourishment(83 percent); infant mortality ratio (72 percent);under-5mortality rate (81 percent);andaccess to safedrinking water (78 percent). ▪ Despite progress,the continentstill lagsbehindotherregions in reducingextremepovertyandachieving genderparityin schoolsand access to sanitation. TheSDGsare the nextstepin the global effortsto transformdevelopmentwithamoreambitious agenda. ▪ To achieve their promise, SDGsrequire major commitments regarding policy and institutional reform as well as delivering on the Addis Ababa Financingfor DevelopmentAgendawhich aims to convertbillions to trillions, mobilizingnew resourcesfor development,private business and finance inparticular.
Global and Africaprogress towardthe MDGs varies Developing countries, weighted bypopulation 100% 100% 100% 100% 89% 90% 83% 80% 81% 78% 80% 74%
% 72% 65% 70% 62% 60% goal, goal, 59% 60% 51%
2015 2015 50% to 40% 33% 33% 30%
Distance Distance 20% 16%
10%
0% Extreme poverty Prevalence of Primary completion Ratio ofgirls to Mortality rate, Mortality rate, Maternal mortality Access to safe Access to basic (population below undernourishment rate, total (% of boys in primary and infant (per 1,000 live under-5 (per 1,000) ratio (modeled drinking water (% of sanitation facilities 1.25 day, 2005 PPP) (% of population) relevant age group)secondary education births) estimate, per population with (% of population (%) 100,000 live births) access) with access) Distance to the goal achieved globally (%) Distance to the goal achieved SSA(%) 7 Source: WDI October 2015 data and Development Economics, World Bank staff calculations. Africa’s challenges are at the heart of the WBG priorities and the SDGs
Reducing Fragility Migration and Leveraging Resources Displacement for Development Links to WBG Corporate Priorities Impact of Climate Fostering Inclusive Getting Servicesto Change Growth the Vulnerable
8 How are African countries progressing on the SDGs?
SDGs 1 and 2 SDGs 6 and 7 45% 100% 88% 40% 39% 90% 87%
35% 33% 80% 68% 30% 70% 63% 60% 25% 22% 52% 50% 20% 17.7% 40% 38% 15% 10.9% 10.7% 30% 10% 20% 5% 10% 0% Poverty headcount Prevalence of Prevalence of stunting 0% ratio - $1.90 undernourishment Basic water Basic sanitation Access to electricity SDG 1 SDG 2 SDG 6 SDG 7 Africa World Africa World 9 Source: Staff calculations from World Bank WDI, 2018 18 African Countries have already presented their SDG implementation plans at the High Level Political Forum
Financing 15 10 5 0 Yes Some No Yes Concept No Budget in HLPF Incorp into natl budget
Data 8 6 4 2 0 Yes Concept No Yes Some No Integrate SDGs into nat'l monitoring Review of state of data
10 Source: Preliminary staff analysis of 2016-2018 VNR country reports 13 more African countries are presenting VNRs in 2019
Algeria Eritrea Burkina Faso Eswatini Cameroon Ghana Central African Republic South Africa Chad Timor-Leste Congo (Republic of the) Tunisia Cote d’Ivoire
11 Key pillars to support the achievement of the SDGs
Implementation: DATA FINANCING Digitalization & Localization
Ref: UN report on “A Ref: Spring Meetings Ref: WBG/UN report to World that Counts”; 2015 Development the UN CEB on the WBG/MDBs/UN MoU on Committee paper Lessons Learned from Data on Financing; Addis the MDGs; DC Lima 2015 outcome paper on WBG’s role document on SDGs; Disruptive Tech and the WBG DC 2018 AMs paper.
12 Data is the New Oil
13 Realizing the Data Revolution
Seventy-eight of 169 SDG targets describe potentially assessable outcomes for Canada 20 15 10 5 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 Not able to assess Proxy target Canadian national target Quantified SDG target
Source: Who and what gets left behind? Assessing Canada’s domestic status on the sustainable development goals, Brookings, 2017 Source: Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs 14 Improving Statistical Capacity
Statistical Capacity is a nation’s ability to collect, analyze, and disseminate high-quality data about its population and economy. Quality statistics are essential for all stages of evidence-based decision-making, including: • Monitoring social and economic indicators • Allocating political representation and government resources • Guiding private sector investment • Informing the international donor community for program design and policy formulation
15 The Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals – a visual guide to data and development
• The Atlas of Sustainable Development Goals presents maps, charts, and stories related to the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.
• The Atlas discusses trends, comparisons, and measurement issues using accessible and shareable data visualizations. The data draws on the WDI. For each of the SDGs, relevant indicators have been chosen to illustrate important ideas.
16 1 6 17 Financing for Development Landscape
18 Finance will need to come from all sources
Big picture of developing countries' total resource receipts FDI Net Inflows (% of GDP) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Fintech Low & middle income Tax revenues World Middle East & North Africa
19 Embracing the Digital Economy
20 Human Capital Index
Source: WDR 2019 Team http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/8162 21 81518818814423/pdf/2019-WDR-Report.pdf
Readiness to Change Index (1 of 2) Source: 2017 Change Readiness Index, KPMG
Readiness to Change Index (2 of 2) Source: 2017 Change Readiness Index, KPMG Technological Readiness Ranking
Offers an assessment of how well prepared countries are for technological change, across three key categories: • Access to the internet • Digital economy infrastructure • Openness to innovation
Source: Preparing for Disruption, Technological Readiness Ranking, Economist Intelligence Unit 24 http://www.eiu.com/Handlers/WhitepaperHandler.ashx?fi=Technological_readiness_report.pdf&mode=wp&campaignid=TechReadiness Growing digital divide: Limited and expensive broadband connectivity is slowing economic transformation in Africa and access to services
Mobile Broadband Connectivity Status (2017) Average Price of 1GB relative to monthly Income
Color Min. Max. 0 25 25 50 50 75 75 100 100 125 125 150 150
Source: GDDDR analysis, based on ITU and TeleGeography data 25 And yet, these promises will remain unrealized for the 3.5B people still missing out due to lack of connectivity 26 The scale and speed of disruption is affecting Inclusive Digital Smart Education traditional sectors. Growth Energy
Digital Smart Changing how we collect, Transport Agriculture store, access, analyze and present data. Jobs DIGITAL Improving production Digital ECONOMY eCommerce techniques to increase Health efficiency, affordability, Competitive and speed. Economy
Digital Industry Transforming how we Culture 4.0 interact with the world and deliver/ receive Efficiency services.
Digital economies require safeguards to ensure robust job markets, and possible downside risks 27 • • USAGE • • • •
DIGITAL • ENTREPRENEURSHIP • •
• DIGITAL FINANCIAL SERVICES DIGITAL PLATFORMS DIGITAL DIGITAL
DIGITAL SKILLS AND AND LITERACY SKILLS DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE
1
28 Localization Localization of UrbanDevelopment Indonesia: A program is being U.K. Midlands implemented to enhance the capacity of local Successful locally owned governments to improve businesses help develop efficiency and effectiveness local markets, create of local public spending. innovation, success and Also implemented the PNPM redistribution in a self- program: community driven reinforcing cycle development
Colombia:
30 Egypt
1 2
2004: Official Government Portal Government Services Development launched Program: Four areas of focus: Digital services for speed delivery
- Institutional development Education enrollment
- Governmental services Utilities
- Enterprise resource planning Needed: virtual decentralization & IT Legal services - Establishing & integrating capacity-building at local levels Government services location national datasets sharing
Information on municipal governance, complaints & inquiries
Source: Elmassah & Mohieldin, 2019 31 Ghana
Private initiative: MasterCard & IFC, using big data tools, achieved progress in promoting coverage of financial services to the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa
Uses 2 terabytes of Forecast potential Uptake of DFS in BD by mobile users of DFC at local Ghana increased by network operators level 70,000
Source: Elmassah & Mohieldin, 2019 32 Kenya
Made government data, widely available to the public. • National health Kenya Open Data • Education • Infrastructure Initiative (KODI) • Census surveys
2013: Kenyan ICT • Enforced ICT standards in Authority government established • Promoted ICT literacy, capacity, innovation & enterprises.
• New website (Kenya Government 2015: E- Portal) • E-citizens (engagement) platform governance • Open data platform • Network of ‘one-stop shops’ citizens initiatives technical assistance with accessing e- government services (Ex. online tax returns)
Source: Elmassah & Mohieldin, 2019 33 Tunisia
Government & OECD’s Open Government Project E-government services started in 2005 Design and enact reforms using big data with • “One-stop shop” solutions for citizens public & civil society • Citizens engagement in policy discussions (Professional education)
Tunisian E-government Society raises awareness on political, administrative functions and usages of IT platforms & information
The Big Data Hackathon in 2017 Encourage start-ups, educational institutions, to innovate on available big data
Source: Elmassah & Mohieldin, 2019 34 Reaching the Moon
Every African Individual, Business and Government (central and local) to be Digitally Enabled by 2030 35 • Launched in 2014. Youth competition on innovative ways to finance and implement development solutions to help reach the SDGs. • Partnership between the World Bank Group and the Wharton School, amongst others • In 2017 the Ideas for Action (I4A) competition attracted over 700 proposals from 118 countries. • Winning proposals : • Top 10 will be published in a book • Top 3 will participate in the WBG-IMF Annual Meetings • The Wharton School offers top 10 winners training and opportunities to exchange knowledge • Visit the website at http://www.ideas4action.org/; Follow us @Ideas4Action • Call for proposals for the 2018 edition of I4A : Deadline February 28th Watch video of http://www.ideas4action.org/2018-competition/ 2016 winners
36 Thank You worldbankgroup.org/sdgs
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Mahmoud-Mohieldin on
Mahmoud Mohieldin @wbg2030 Senior VP worldbank.org/sdgs