For the Love of Grass V

Power Botanizing in Southern

Larry Holzworth, Bob MacLauchlan, Wendell Hassell, Jack Carlson, Wendall Oaks, and Curtis Sharp

March 10 - March 18, 2012

Table of Contents Inventory Site 1 - Lost Dutchman State Park ...... 4 Inventory Site 2 - Roosevelt Dam and Lake ...... 10 Inventory Sites 3 and 4 - Boyce Thompson Arboretum ...... 13 Inventory Site 5 - San Carlos Reservoir Recreational Area ...... 19 Inventory Site 6 - Roper Lake State Park ...... 22 Inventory Site 7 - Chiricahua National Historic Monument, Picnic Area (5400 ft.), Disturbed Land ...... 25 Inventory Site 8 - Chiricahua National Historic Monument, Massai Point (6780 ft.) ...... 26 Inventory Site 9 - Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, Cieneguita Primitive Camp/Picnic Area .... 29 Inventory Site 10 - Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, Maternity Well ...... 30 Inventory Site 11 - Patagonia Lake State Park ...... 32 Inventory Site 12 - Catalina Mountain Highway to Mt. Lemmon, at Ski Resort ...... 35 Inventory Site 13 - Catalina Mountain Highway to Mt. Lemmon (7500 ft.) ...... 36 Inventory Site 14 - Sabino Canyon Trail ...... 37 Inventory Site 15 - Desert Museum ...... 42 Inventory Site 16 - Tucson Materials Center ...... 46 Inventory Site 17 - Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument ...... 48

nd Bruce Munda (2 from left) and trekkers Day 6 evening after tasting of las cervezas de casa

(2) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Introduction

Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona

Our fifth "For the Love of Grass" Power Botanizing trek, in March 2012 included all five of the previous participants plus a newcomer Wendell Hassell. Route organizer Larry Holzworth, plus Jack Carlson, and Wendall Oaks represented the core of Power Botanists. Hassell loosened up by day two and joined the power group. As usual, MacLaughlin and Sharp provided consistency and class.

Our inventory mission at each scheduled site was the same as on previous treks; identify every plant within a 'reasonable' area, consisting of one to several acres, and leave only when satisfied that this had been accomplished. Miles to travel and darkness were our primary enemies. Unscheduled inventories included whatever could be recorded before the vehicle moved on.

Larry Holzworth developed the schedule and did a masterful job, injecting potential improvements that previous participants had wanted - fewer miles and shorter days. The fewer miles were accomplished but not the shorter day. Larry wondered one evening as the sun was setting and with miles to go "How can we get through a day so quickly?" Who would want it any differently?

During the seven (one more than previously) days of inventorying we traveled only 1,268 miles compared to 1,965 in 2011. We consumed our ration of food (mostly Mexican) and drink, enjoyed the gorgeous country, inventoried 17 sites, correctly or incorrectly identified 547 (249 species), and scheduled the 2013 trek. Of the species we identified 53% occurred only once, 21% twice, 8% three times and 4 through 10 times 18%. The top ten species (all natives) occurring at inventory sites were:

Common Name Scientific Name Sites Velvet mesquite Prosopis velutina 10 Whitethorn acacia Acacia constricta 8 Western tansymustard Descurainia pinnata 8 Catclaw acacia Acacia greggii 7 Fairyduster Calliandra eriophylla 7 Panamint cryptantha Cryptantha angustifolia 7 Teddybear cholla Cylindropuntia bigelovii 7 Bluedicks Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum 7 Ocotillo Fouquieria splendens 7 Creosotebush Larrea tridentata 7

We assembled near the Phoenix AZ airport on March 9, enjoyed a Mexican dinner at the Tee Pee on Indian School, and departed on the 10th. Traveling east we reached our first site by 9:30 am.

Species and common names are based on those in PLANTS. A picture grouped with one site does not necessarily mean it was found or photographed on that site.

Combining the time together with old friends, the stimulating and not so stimulating conversation, the outdoor beauty of Arizona, and mutual love of plants will mark the 2012 "For the Love of Grass" as matching or exceeding the previous four Treks.

(3) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Day 1 - Sunday, March 10 Designated driver Wendall and coordinator Larry departed early to secure the rental vehicle. Carlson, with pen and notebook in hand conducted the first, but unofficial, inventory - the motel landscaping. It included:

Scientific Name Common Name Type Origin Lysiloma watsonii Rose ` littleleaf false tamarind Native Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth yellow trumpet bush Subshrub Native

Wendall and Larry returned and we were headed east around 9:00 am for our first inventory.

Inventory Site 1 - Lost Dutchman State Park Our first site was the Lost Dutchman State Park, located in the shadow of Superstition Mountains. The Park is the reputed location of a very rich gold mine hidden in the Mountains, near Apache Junction.

The mine is named after German immigrant Jacob Waltz. Dutchman was a common, though inaccurate, American slang term for German. This is perhaps the most famous lost mine in American history. As of 1977, the Lost Dutchman story was printed or cited at least six times more often than two other fairly well known tales, the story of Captain Kidd's lost treasure, and the story of the Lost Pegleg mine in . People have been seeking the Lost Dutchman mine since at least 1892. According to one estimate, 8,000 people annually made some effort to locate the Lost Dutchman's mine. Some argue the mine has little or no basis in fact and is a legend. According to many versions of the tale, the mine is either cursed, or protected by enigmatic guardians who wish to keep the mine's location a secret. To avoid the guardians we stepped carefully at this peaceful and beautiful park.

The Park is 40 miles east of Phoenix in Pinal County and MLRA 39 – Arizona and Mountains, at 2000 feet with 14 inches of precipitation. Most rainfall occurs during the monsoon season from late July to mid- September. Summer heat is intense. The botanizing crew identified 50 species along the trail.

(4) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia Tree Native Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne ambrosia leaf bur ragweed Subshrub Native Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) Payne triangle bur ragweed Subshrub Native Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Menzies' fiddleneck Forb Native Macbr. Anisacanthus thurberi (Torr.) A. Gray Thurber's desert honeysuckle Native Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. mule-fat Shrub Native Baileya multiradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. desert marigold Forb Native Gray Bromus rubens L. red brome Graminoid Introduced Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. fringed redmaids Forb Native Calliandra eriophylla Benth. Fairyduster Subshrub Native Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray white tackstem Forb Native Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose Saguaro Tree Native ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. spiny hackberry Shrub Native Cerastium fontanum Baumg. mouse-ear chickweed Forb Introduced Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & A. Gray) whitemargin sandmat Forb Native Small Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene panamint cryptantha Forb Native Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J.M. buck-horn cholla Shrub Native Bigelow) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth teddybear cholla Shrub Native Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth jumping cholla Shrub Native var. fulgida Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Bluedicks Forb Native Wood ssp. Capitatum Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. var. Arizona hedgehog cactus Shrub Native arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) D.J. Ferguson Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. brittlebush Subshrub Native Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Watson longleaf jointfir Shrub Native Eriogonum deflexum Torr. flatcrown buckwheat Forb Native Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. eastern Mojave buckwheat Subshrub Native Eriogonum palmerianum Reveal Palmer's buckwheat Forb Native Erodium texanum A. Gray stork's bill Forb Native Eschscholzia californica Cham. California poppy Forb Native Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose candy barrelcactus Shrub Native Fouquieria splendens Engelm. ocotillo Shrub Native Justicia californica (Benth.) D. Gibson beloperone Shrub Native Krameria grayi Rose & Painter white ratany Subshrub Native Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville creosote bush Shrub Native Lupinus arizonicus (S. Watson) S. Watson ssp. Arizona lupine Forb Native arizonicus var. arizonicus

(5) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Lycium pallidum Miers pale desert-thorn Shrub Native Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelm. common fishhook cactus Shrub Native Nicotiana obtusifolia M. Martens & Galeotti desert tobacco Subshrub Native Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. Texas pricklypear Shrub Native var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) Parfitt & Pinkava Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. yellow paloverde Tree Native Phacelia crenulata Torr. ex. S. Watson cleftleaf wildheilotrope Forb Native Phoradendron californicum Nutt. mesquite mistletoe Subshrub Native Plantago ovata Forssk. desert Indianwheat Forb Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams ssp. dorrii var. purple sage Subshrub Native dorrii Schismus barbatus (Loefl. ex L.) Thell. common Mediterranean Graminoid Introduced grass Senna bauhinioides (A. Gray) Irwin & Barneby twinleaf senna Subshrub Native Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid. jojoba Shrub Native Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. scarlet globemallow Forb Native

Ambrosia deltoidea, triangle bur ragweed

(6) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Erodium texanum, Texas stork’s bill

Carnegiea gigantea, Saguaro, with Homo sapiens Amsinckia menziesii, Menzies’ fiddleneck and Equus ferus ssp. caballus

(7) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Cryptantha angustifolia, panamint cryptantha Cylindropuntia bigelovii, teddybear cholla

(8) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Justicia californica, beloperone (chuperosa)

Calliandra eriophylla, fairyduster

Phacelia crenulata, cleftleaf wildheliotrope

Lunch Break at Tortilla Flats

We departed Dutchman State Park late morning for Tortilla Flats, driving through about 10 miles of backcountry that would make West Virginia roads seem like super highways. We observed a constant stream of vehicles going in both directions, causing us to wonder what marvelous things awaited us in. We never found out, but

(9) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 half of Arizona's population was in Tortilla Flats and the other half coming or going. No inventory sites, the lunchroom was crowded, but the wait tolerable, and the food was good. While waiting…

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne ambrosia leaf bur ragweed Subshrub Native Lotus rigidus (Benth.) Greene shrubby deervetch Forb Native

Continuing east on sinuous Route 88, 47 miles later we arrived at Roosevelt Dam and Lake, validating the Mapquest estimate of 2 hours and 1 minute driving time. The views were spectacular and the weather perfect.

Inventory Site 2 - Roosevelt Dam and Lake Theodore Roosevelt Dam is on the Salt River Northeast of Phoenix. The dam is 357 feet high impounding the river, creating Theodore Roosevelt Lake. Originally built between 1905 and 1911, the dam was renovated and expanded in 1989-1996. Serving mainly for irrigation water supply and flood control, the dam also has a hydroelectric generating capacity of 36 megawatts. One of the original five federal projects authorized on March 13, 1903. Roosevelt Dam is the world's highest masonry dam. The bridge, shown here, itself earned rare distinction when the bridge was named one of the top 12 bridges in the nation in November 1995.

The inventory site is in Gila County and MLRA 39.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia constricta Benth. whitethorn acacia Tree Native Acacia neovernicosa Isely viscid acacia Shrub Native Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne ambrosia leaf bur ragweed Subshrub Native Amsinckia menziesii (Lehm.) A. Nelson & J.F. Menzies' fiddleneck Forb Native Macbr. Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple threeawn Graminoid Native Baileya multiradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray desert marigold Forb Native Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. sideoats grama Graminoid Native Bromus rubens L. red brome Graminoid Introduced globosa I.M. Johnst. bitter snakewood Tree Native Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene panamint cryptantha Forb Native Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J.M. buck-horn cholla Shrub Native Bigelow) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth teddybear cholla Shrub Native Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Wood bluedicks Forb Native ssp. capitatum Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. brittlebush Subshrub Native Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners turpentine bush Subshrub Native

(10) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Erigeron divergens Torr. & A. Gray spreading fleabane Forb Native Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. eastern Mojave buckwheat Subshrub Native Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose candy barrelcactus Shrub Native Krameria grayi Rose & Painter white ratany Subshrub Native Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth. Coulter's lupine Forb Native Lycium pallidum Miers pale desert-thorn Shrub Native Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. sweetclover Forb Introduced Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. Texas pricklypear Shrub Native lindheimeri (Engelm.) Parfitt & Pinkava Orthocarpus purpureoalbus A. Gray ex S. purplewhite owl's-clover Forb Native Watson Palafoxia arida B.L. Turner & Morris desert palafox Subshrub Native Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. blue paloverde Tree Native Watson Penstemon eatonii A. Gray firecracker penstemon Forb Native Peucephyllum schottii A. Gray Schott's pygmycedar Tree Native Plantago ovata Forssk. desert Indianwheat Forb Native Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid. jojoba Shrub Native Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray desert globemallow subshrub Native Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. scarlet globemallow Forb Native Viguiera stenoloba S.F. Blake resinbush Subshrub Native Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. annual fescue Graminoid Introduced

Baileya multiradiata, desert marigold Erigeron divergens, spreading fleabane

(11) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Ericameria laricifolia, turpentine bush (above)

Lupinus sparsiflorus, Coulter’s lupine (above)

Acacia constricta, whitethorn acacia, and a back- drop of Plantago ovata, desert Indianwheat (right)

Orthocarpus purpureoalbus, purplewhite owl’s clover (with panamint cryptantha and desert Indianwheat)

(12) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 We reached our lodging in the town of Globe sometime after dark, and took our dinner in a very nice Italian restaurant called Demarcos.

Day 2 - Monday, March 11 We departed Globe early, passing current and reclaimed mining sites. The town site of Globe City was established in 1876. Mining in the area started with silver but had transitioned to copper by the late 1880s. Globe’s remoteness and proximity to Indian Territory resulted in many years of stage robberies, murders, and violent conflicts with Indians. Many famous outlaws called Globe home. Not until World War I did Globe start to become more civilized, making this the longest holdout of the "Wild West" era.

Inventory Sites 3 and 4 - Boyce Thompson Arboretum Our first destination was Superior, home of the Boyce Thompson Arboretum. En route we passed a significant place for those from the SCS plant materials program. In the early 1920s William Boyce Thompson, after years of mining in Montana and making his fortune on Wall Street, found his greatest interest in a new home he was building in the Arizona hills, near the town of Superior in what came to be known as his Picket Post house. His desire to plant a few in this new climate led the Colonel to contact the University of Arizona. Dr. Franklin Crider was the head of the Horticultural Department at that time. He came up to assist the Colonel, and what began as an idea for a few trees became an idea for an arboretum of all the plants and trees of the Southwest.

Coronal Thompson established the Arboretum in 1924 and chose Dr. Crider as its director. An initial mission of the Arboretum was to study the plants of desert countries and to make the results available to the public. Crider developed a cooperative program at the Arboretum whereby a large nursery of erosion control plants was established for planting on government land where erosion had become a problem. The success of the nursery let to his employment by the new Soil Conservation Service in 1935 as regional director of SCS Nurseries in the Southwest and then chief of the Nursery Division in Washington in January 1936. The Observational Nursery part of the Nursery Division later became the PMC Program.

Superior is in Pinal County and MLRA 39. The following species list is for Site 3 – Upper Habitat:

(13) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Agave americana L. American century plant Subshrub Native Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne ambrosia leaf bur ragweed Subshrub Native Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple threeawn Graminoid Native Baileya multiradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. Gray desert marigold Forb Native Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter cane bluestem Graminoid Native Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. sideoats grama Graminoid Native Bromus rubens L. red brome Graminoid Introduced Calliandra eriophylla Benth. fairyduster Subshrub Native Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose saguaro Tree Native Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. spiny hackberry Shrub Native Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J.M. buck-horn cholla Shrub Native Bigelow) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth teddybear cholla Shrub Native Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth var. jumping cholla Shrub Native fulgida Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. Wood bluedicks Forb Native ssp. Capitatum Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. hopbush Tree Native Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. var. arizonicus Arizona hedgehog cactus Shrub Native (Rose ex Orcutt) D.J. Ferguson Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. brittlebush Subshrub Native Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Watson longleaf jointfir Shrub Native Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners turpentine bush Subshrub Native Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. eastern Mojave Subshrub Native buckwheat Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose candy barrelcactus Shrub Native Fouquieria splendens Engelm. ocotillo Shrub Native Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. tanglehead Graminoid Native & Schult. Lepidium thurberi Woot. Thurber's peppergass Forb Native Lesquerella purpurea (A. Gray) S. Watson rose bladderpod Forb Native Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. sweetclover Forb Introduced Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. var. Texas pricklypear Shrub Native lindheimeri (Engelm.) Parfitt & Pinkava Panicum obtusum Kunth vine mesquite Graminoid Native Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. blue paloverde Tree Native Watson Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. yellow paloverde Tree Native Phacelia crenulata ex Torr. S. Watson cleftleaf wildhelotrope Forb Native Phoradendron californicum Nutt. mesquite mistletoe Subshrub Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. canaigre dock Forb Native Schedonnardus paniculatus (Nutt.) Trel. tumblegrass Graminoid Native Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid. jojoba Shrub Native Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray desert globemallow subshrub Native

(14) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Sphaeralcea ambigua, desert globemallow

(15) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa, Thornton’s cholla Desert plants…

… from around the world Lesquerella purpurea, rose bladderpod

(16) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Ambrosia ambrosioides, ambrosia leaf bur ragweed and clumps of Bothriochloa barbinodis, cane bluestem

Phacelia crenulata, cleftleaf wildheliotrope

Marah gilensis, Gila manroot (wild cucumber) Cylindropuntia bigelovii, teddybear cholla

The trail led down through an ephemeral stream, Site 4 – Desert Riparian Habitat

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia Tree Native Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne ambrosia leaf bur ragweed Subshrub Native Arundo donax L. giant reed Graminoid Introduced Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray desertbroom Shrub Native Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. spiny hackberry Shrub Native Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. bermudagrass Graminoid Introduced Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. hopbush Tree Native

(17) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Juglans major (Torr.) A. Heller Arizona walnut Tree Native Greene Gila manroot Vine Native Panicum obtusum Kunth vine mesquite Graminoid Native Penstemon parryi (A. Gray) A. Gray Parry's beardtongue Forb Native Phacelia crenulata ex Torr. S. Watson cleftleaf wildheliotrope Forb Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Rumex hymenosepalus Torr. canaigre dock Forb Native Salix gooddingii C.R. Ball Goodding's willow Tree Native Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid. jojoba Shrub Native Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. scarlet globemallow Forb Native

As we departed another guest touring the arboretum took our picture at the memorial to Dr. Crider

Following this wonderful inventorying of the arboretum we drove into Superior for lunch. Except for Bob having a little trouble requiring a brief period of restraint, it was a most pleasant, outdoor repast. On the way to our next inventory site Wendall decided he needed to get some pictures of a California poppy filled hillside. Since he was driving we all decided to stop. It was well worth it.

(18) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Inventory Site 5 - San Carlos Reservoir Recreational Area First we drove to the Calvin Coolidge dam and then later made the inventory, which is in Pinal County and MLRA 40 –Sonoran Desert, but near the border of MLRA 41 – Madrean Basin and Range.

The Coolidge Dam is a reinforced concrete multiple dome and buttress dam 31 miles southeast of Globe, on the Gila River. Built between 1924 and 1928, the Coolidge Dam was part of the San Carlos Irrigation Project. Coolidge Dam impounds San Carlos Lake in the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation. The project irrigates 100,000 acres. The impounded water can be released when farmers need it. The lake is often at a low level except in wet periods. When former President Coolidge dedicated the dam in 1930, the lake had not begun to fill. Cherokee humorist Will Rogers looked at the grass in the lakebed, and said, “If this were my dam, I’d mow it."

The dam, not only impressive for its water holding value, is set in an entrancing location with beauty of its own. Leaving the dam we backtracked to a higher elevation for the inventory, which had starkness about it, maybe due to the sparseness of vegetation and abundance of surface rocks, or the lateness of the day.

(19) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia Tree Native Acacia neovernicosa Isely viscid acacia Shrub Native Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. mule-fat Shrub Native Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt. tasselflower brickellbush Subshrub Native Bromus rubens L. red brome Graminoid Introduced Calliandra eriophylla Benth. fairyduster Subshrub Native Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray white tackstem Forb Native Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose saguaro Tree Native Chorizanthe rigida (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray devil's spineflower Forb Native Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene panamint cryptantha Forb Native Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J.M. buck-horn cholla Shrub Native Bigelow) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) F.M. Knuth Christmas cactus Shrub Native Dasyochloa pulchella (Kunth) Willd. ex Rydb. low woollygrass Graminoid Native Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. bluedicks Forb Native Wood ssp. capitatum Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. var. arizonicus Arizona hedgehog cactus Shrub Native (Rose ex Orcutt) D.J. Ferguson Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. brittlebush Subshrub Native Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Watson longleaf jointfir Shrub Native Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners turpentine bush Subshrub Native Erodium texanum A. Gray Texas stork's bill Forb Native Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. eastern Mojave buckwheat Shrub Native Eschscholzia californica Cham. California poppy Forb Native Euphorbia tirucalli L. Indiantree spurge Tree Native Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose candy barrelcactus Shrub Native Fouquieria splendens Engelm. ocotillo Shrub Native Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh.) Britt. & Rusby broom snakeweed Shrub Native Krameria grayi Rose & Painter white ratany Subshrub Native Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville creosote bush Shrub Native Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth. Coulter's lupine Forb Native Lycium pallidum Miers pale desert-thorn Shrub Native Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelm. common fishhook cactus Shrub Native Opuntia phaeacantha Engelm. tulip pricklypear Subshrub Native Orthocarpus purpureoalbus A. Gray ex S. purplewhite owl's-clover Forb Native Watson Panicum obtusum Kunth vine mesquite Graminoid Native Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. blue paloverde Tree Native Watson Phoradendron californicum Nutt. mesquite mistletoe Subshrub Native Plantago ovata Forssk. desert Indianwheat Forb Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid. jojoba Shrub Native Schismus barbatus (Loefl. ex L.) Thell. common Mediterranean Graminoid Introduced grass

(20) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Thymophylla pentachaeta (DC.) Small fiveneedle pricklyleaf Forb Native Yucca baccata Torr. banana yucca Shrub Native

Candy barrelcactus Christmas cholla ndy barrelcactus

Devil’s spineflower Banana yucca ndy barrelcactus ndy barrelcactus

Broom snakeweed Vine mesquite ndy barrelcactus (21) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Inventory complete we drove some 50 miles south, arriving in Stafford around 8:00PM, had a drink, ordered in pizza and resolved any remaining question on fracking.

Day 3 - Tuesday, March 12 Inventory Site 6 - Roper Lake State Park Oh what a beautiful day. Our first inventory at Roper Lake State Park was only a few mile south of Stafford on US

Route 191. It didn't take long to get to work.

The site is in Graham County and MLRA 41. For a number of years Graham County had been working with its legislators to have a State Park in their county. In 1972, a bill authorized the acquisition of Roper Lake as a State Park. The bill also included authorization to construct a lake and appropriated $150,000 for the construction of a 100 surface acre lake. On December 31, 1974, Roper Lake State Park became official. This Park opened to the public in March 1975 and includes 338 acres.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia constricta Benth. whitethorn acacia Tree Native Ambrosia dumosa (A. Gray) Payne burrobush Subshrub Native Amsinckia eastwoodiae J.F. Macbr. Eastwood's fiddleneck Forb Native Astragalus nuttallianus DC. smallflowered milkvetch Forb Native Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing saltbush Shrub Native Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Watson cattle saltbush Shrub Native Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. mule-fat Shrub Native Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray desertbroom Shrub Native Cerastium texanum Britton Texas chickweed Forb Native Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet desert willow Tree Native Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene Panamint cryptantha Forb Native Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth teddybear cholla Shrub Native Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Engelmann's hedgehog Shrub Native Lem. cactus

(22) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Watson longleaf jointfir Shrub Native Eriogonum palmerianum Reveal Palmer's buckwheat Forb Native Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton redstem stork's bill Forb Native Erodium texanum A. Gray Texas stork's bill Forb Native Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose candy barrelcactus Tree Native Fouquieria splendens Engelm. Ocotillo Shrub Native Grayia spinosa (Hook.) Moq. spiny hopsage Subshrub Native Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby broom snakeweed Subshrub Native Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash curly-mesquite Graminoid Native Krameria grayi Rose & Painter white ratany Subshrub Native Lactuca serriola L. prickly lettuce Forb Introduced Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville creosote bush Shrub Native Lycium fremontii A. Gray Fremont's desert-thorn Shrub Native Mentzelia multiflora (Nutt.) A. Gray var. Adonis blazingstar Forb Native multiflora Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. var. purple pricklypear Tree Native macrocentra Panicum obtusum Kunth vine mesquite Graminoid Native Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. blue paloverde Tree Native Watson Phacelia distans Benth. distant phacelia Forb Native Phoradendron californicum Nutt. mesquite mistletoe Subshrub Native Plantago ovata Forssk. desert Indianwheat Forb Native Pleuraphis mutica Buckley Tobosagrass Graminoid Native Populus fremontii S. Watson Fremont cottonwood Tree Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Schismus barbatus (Loefl. ex L.) Thell. common Mediterranean Graminoid Introduced grass Tamarix chinensis Lour. five-stamen tamarisk Tree Introduced Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. soaptree yucca Tree Native

Desertbroom Cattle saltbush ndy barrelcactus ndy barrelcactus

(23) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Inventory complete we continued south to Wilcox, visited the field office there, secured a box lunch and headed

for the homeland of the Chiricahua.

Chiricahua National Monument, a unit of the National Park Service, is located in the Chiricahua Mountains. It is famous for its extensive vertical rock formations. The national monument also preserves the Faraway Ranch, owned at one time by Swedish immigrants Neil and Emma Erickson. Geologists believe that it preserves the remains of an immense volcanic eruption that shook the region some 27 million years ago. The thick white-hot ash spewed forth from the nearby Turkey Creek Caldera, cooled and hardened into rhyolite tuffs, laying down almost two thousand feet of dark volcanic ash and pumice, which eventually eroded into the natural features visible at the monument today.

This area was part of the traditional homeland of the Chiricahua Band of the Apache Indian nation. The Chiricahuans had numerous clashes with settlers and travelers during the 19th century, many resulting from alleged violations of previously negotiated treaties. The Apache leaders Cochise and Geronimo were members of the Chiricahua Band. Territory of the monument was used as a safe haven by the Chiricahuans until the cessation of hostilities. Many place names in southern Arizona date to this conflict and memorialize its more illustrious figures.

The Monument is in Cochise County and MLRA 41.

(24) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Inventory Site 7 - Chiricahua National Historic Monument, Picnic Area (5400 ft.), Disturbed Land The first site within the monument was a picnic area close to the entrance. It had been recently constructed, leaving a revegetated area. We enjoyed our lunch, identified a few plants and headed up the mountain.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Arctostaphylos pungens S. Watson pointleaf manzanita Shrub Native Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter cane bluestem Graminoid Native Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hairy grama Graminoid Native Bromus catharticus Vahl rescuegrass Graminoid Introduced Chloris virgata Swartz. feather fingergrass Graminoid Native Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth Missouri gourd Vine Native Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Lehmann lovegrass Graminoid Introduced Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees x E. trichophora Cochise Lehmann lovegrass Graminoid Introduced Coss & Durand Eragrostis superba Peyr. Wilman lovegrass Graminoid Introduced Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash curly-mesquite Graminoid Native Juniperus deppeana Steud. alligator juniper Tree Native Pinus engelmannii Carrière Apache pine Tree Native Piptochaetium fimbriatum (Kunth) Hitchc. pinyon ricegrass Graminoid Native Platanus wrightii S. Watson Arizona sycamore Tree Native Populus fremontii S. Watson Fremont cottonwood Tree Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Quercus chyrsolepis Liebm. canyon live oak Tree Native Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum. streambed bristlegrass Graminoid Native Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. soaptree yucca Tree Native

(25) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Inventory Site 8 - Chiricahua National Historic Monument, Massai Point (6780 ft.) Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Arctostaphylos pungens S. Watson pointleaf manzanita Shrub Native Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson common sotol Subshrub Native Hesperocyparis arizonica (Greene) Bartel Arizona cypress Tree Native Juniperus deppeana Steud. alligator juniper Tree Native Mahonia haematocarpa (Woot.) Fedde red barberry Shrub Native Nolina microcarpa S. Watson sacahuista Graminoid Native Pinus cembroides Zucc. Mexican pinyon Tree Native Pinus engelmannii Carrière Apache pine Tree Native Pinus leiophylla Schiede & Deppe var. Chihuahuan pine Tree Native chihuahuana (Engelm.) Shaw Platanus wrightii S. Watson Arizona sycamore Tree Native Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas-fir Tree Native Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus silverleaf oak Tree Native Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash little bluestem Graminoid Native Sporobolus contractus Hitchc. spike dropseed Graminoid Native

Mexican pinyon Pointleaf manzanita

ndy barrelcactus ndy barrelcactus

Sacahuista Alligator juniper

ndy barrelcactus ndy barrelcactus

(26) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

This is one of those beautiful spots everyone hates to leave. It is easy to understand why Cochise was upset.

The night was spent in Bisbee where we enjoyed a beautiful sunset, dined again on excellent Mexican food and toured the city.

How do I go south? ndy barrelcactus

(27) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Day 4 - Wednesday, March 14 Leaving Bisbee and after a quick detour south to the U.S. Mexican border to see the fence at Naco, we headed for Tombstone. Along the way, we spotted an unusual plant prevalent on the hillslopes, which turned out to be:

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Mortonia scabrella A. Gray Rio Grande saddlebush Shrub Native

After a hearty breakfast at the OK Café, we lingered awhile at the OK Corral and nearby Boothill Cemetery.

By 12:30 PM we entered the rolling grasslands of Las Cienegas National Conservation Area. This area, once facing an uncertain future that almost certainly included housing and commercial development, today more than 45,000 acres of grasslands and woodlands in Arizona’s Pima and Santa Cruz counties (MLRA 41) are protected as a National Conservation Area, managed by the USDI, Bureau of Land Management. President Clinton signed a bill creating it on December 6, 2000. Being preserved are the region’s rolling grasslands, oak- studded hills that connect several “sky island mountain ranges”, and lush riparian corridors. Cienega Creek, with its perennial flow forms the lifeblood of the Conservation Area and supports a diverse plant and animal

(28) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 community. Without a doubt this was grassland high point of Trek V. In advance of arriving Larry suggested it was one of the best grasslands in AZ. Two inventories were done. The first was the sparser of the two.

Inventory Site 9 - Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, Cieneguita Primitive Camp/Picnic Area This soil at the first site was sandier than the second, which was reflected in the vegetation.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia constricta Benth. whitethorn acacia Tree Native Aristida adscensionis L. sixweeks threeawn Graminoid Native Aristida ternipes Cav. spidergrass Graminoid Native Bouteloua barbata Lag. sixweeks grama Graminoid Native Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S. sprucetop grama Graminoid Native Watson Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hairy grama Graminoid Native Chenopodium album L. lambsquarters Forb Introduced Chloris virgata Swartz. feather fingergrass Graminoid Native Cylindropuntia spinosior (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth walkingstick cactus Shrub Native Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Lehmann lovegrass Graminoid Introduced Isocoma tenuisecta Greene burroweed Subshrub Native Oenothera primiveris A. Gray desert evening primrose Forb Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray sand dropseed Graminoid Native Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash slim tridens Graminoid Native

While on the same National Conservation Area, we moved west to the Maternity Well site.

(29) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Walkingstick cactus (left) Hair grama (below)

Inventory Site 10 - Las Cienegas National Conservation Area, Maternity Well

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia Tree Native Aristida ternipes Cav. spidergrass Graminoid Native Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter cane bluestem Graminoid Native Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S. sprucetop grama Graminoid Native Watson

(30) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hairy grama Graminoid Native Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey Rothrock's grama Graminoid Native Chenopodium album L. lambsquarters Forb Introduced Chloris virgata Swartz. feather fingergrass Graminoid Native Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. bluedicks Forb Native Wood ssp. capitatum Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen stinkgrass Graminoid Introduced Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Lehmann lovegrass Graminoid Introduced Eriogonum abertianum Torr. Abert's buckwheat Forb Native Eriogonum wrightii Torr. ex Benth. var. bastardsage Subshrub Native wrightii Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton redstem stork's bill Forb Introduced Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) J.M. Coult. Parish's biscuitroot Forb Native & Rose var. parishii (J.M. Coult. & Rose) Jeps. Oenothera primiveris A. Gray desert evening primrose Forb Native Plantago patagonica Jacq. wooly plantain Forb Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Salsola kali L. Russian thistle Forb Introduced Schismus barbatus (Loefl. ex L.) Thell. common Mediterranean grass Graminoid Introduced Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. annual fescue Graminoid Introduced Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. soaptree yucca Tree Native

Parish’s biscuitroot (left) ndy barrelcactus

Sprucetop grama (left) Rothrock grama (above)

From this, following an ice cream break at Sonoita, we continued south towards Nogales for our next inventory.

(31) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Inventory Site 11 - Patagonia Lake State Park Patagonia Lake and the associated recreation facilities were constructed in the late 1960’s by a group of citizens incorporated as the Lake Patagonia Recreation Association, Inc. As early as 1972, an adjacent landowner contacted State Parks offering to sell the acreage surrounding the Patagonia Lake and to assist the Agency in the acquisition of the lake and recreational improvements held by the Association. House Bill 2295 passed the Legislature and was signed into law on May 13, 1974, by Governor “Jack” Williams that established the state park, authorized its acquisition and appropriated the required amount of money. After working through lengthy, complex negotiations, Patagonia Lake was acquired by State Parks on February 3, 1975, and officially opened as Patagonia Lake State Park on April 1, 1975.

The inventory site consisted to a walking trail through a wooded area and along the park lake.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia constricta Benth. whitethorn acacia Tree Native Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia Tree Native Agave palmeri Engelm. Palmer's century plant Subshrub Native Aristida ternipes Cav. spidergrass Graminoid Native Baccharis sarothroides A. Gray desertbroom Shrub Native Boerhavia purpurascens A. Gray purple spiderling Forb Native Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter cane bluestem Graminoid Native Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S. sprucetop grama Graminoid Native Watson Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch black mustard Forb Native Calliandra eriophylla Benth. fairyduster Subshrub Native

(32) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray white tackstem Forb Native Canotia holacantha Torr. crucifixion thorn Tree Native Carex chihuahuensis Mack. Chihuahuan sedge Graminoid Native Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. spiny hackberry Shrub Native Chenopodium album L. lambsquarters Forb Introduced Cirsium arizonicum (A. Gray) Petr. Arizona thistle Forb Native Condalia spathulata A. Gray knifeleaf condalia Shrub Native Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene panamint cryptantha Forb Native Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. fiveangled dodder Vine Native Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson common sotol Subshrub Native Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. bluedicks Forb Native Wood ssp. capitatum Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roem. & Schult. common spikerush Gram Native Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Lehmann lovegrass Graminoid Introduced Eriogonum deflexum Torr. flatcrown buckwheat Forb Native Eschscholzia californica Cham. California poppy Forb Native Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose candy barrelcactus Tree Native Fraxinus velutina Torr. velvet ash Tree Native Galium wrightii A. Gray Wright's bedstraw Forb Native Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & Rusby broom snakeweed Subshrub Native Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash curly-mesquite Graminoid Native Juniperus monosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. oneseed juniper Tree Native Marah gilensis Green Gila manroot Vine Native Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville creosote bush Shrub Native Leptochloa dubia (Kunth) Nees green sprangletop Graminoid Native Lomatium nevadense (S. Watson) J.M. Coult. Parish's biscuitroot Forb Native & Rose var. parishii (J.M. Coult. & Rose) Jeps. Lonicera albiflora Torr. & A. Gray western white honeysuckle Vine Native Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. Texas pricklypear Shrub Native var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) Parfitt & Pinkava Phacelia crenulata ex Torr. S. Watson cleftleaf wildheliotrope Forb Native Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray tepary bean Vine Native Plantago patagonica Jacq. wooly plantain Forb Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Prunus serotina Ehrh. var. rufula (Woot. & black cherry Shrub Native Standl.) McVaugh Salix gooddingii C.R. Ball Goodding's willow Tree Native Salsola kali L. Russian thistle Forb Introduced Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. plains bristlegrass Graminoid Native Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. eastern poison ivy Vine Native divaricatum (Greene) Gillis Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm. soaptree yucca Tree Native Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & A. Gray) lotebush Tree Native A. Gray

(33) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Candy barrelcactus

Sotol

Gila manroot Palmer’s century plant

We continued south to Nogales about 5:00 pm then north to Tucson, arriving by 6:30. An hour or more later we found an out-of-the-way, but very nice, motel in our price range.

(34) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Day 5 - Thursday, March 15 Hassell was dropped off on our way to the first inventory site of the day to chase some silly notion of eradicating bufflegrass from the Big Ben National Park in Texas. We proceeded on, experiencing as beautiful a scenic drive as one will experience even in West Virginia. We drove through the Saguaro Park and up the Catalina Mountain Highway to Summerhaven near the ski resort, where the first brief inventory was made (Inventory 12). A few stops were made on the way back at approximately 7500 feet elevation (Inventory 13).

Inventory Site 12 - Catalina Mountain Highway to Mt. Lemmon, at Ski Resort Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Astragalus nothoxys A. Gray sheep milkvetch Forb Native fendleri A. Gray Fendler's ceanothus Shrub Native Cirsium wheeleri (A. Gray) Petr. Wheeler's thistle Forb Native Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton redstem stork's bill Forb Native Geranium richardsonii Fisch. & Trautv. Richardson's geranium Forb Native Holcus lanatus L. common velvetgrass Graminoid Introduced Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. sweetclover Forb Introduced Oenothera elata Kunth Hooker's evening primrose Forb Native Pinus arizonica Engelm. Arizona pine Tree Native Piptochaetium pringlei (Beal) Parodi Pringle's speargrass Graminoid Native Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas-fir Tree Native Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) tall fescue Graminoid Introduced Dumort., nom. cons. Tragopogon dubius Scop. yellow salsify Forb Introduced Trifolium pinetorum Greene woods clover Forb Native Verbascum thapsus L. common mullein Forb Introduced

The Catalina Mountain sites (Inventory 12 and 13) yielded a rather limited number of species, due in part to the time required to make the round trip and, as usual, our need to hurry. This did not alter the spectacular views for all and especially for those making the trip for the first time. For example:

(35) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Inventory Site 13 - Catalina Mountain Highway to Mt. Lemmon (7500 ft.) Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth pointleaf manzanita Shrub Native Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hairy grama Graminoid Native Ceanothus fendleri A. Gray Fendler's ceanothus Shrub Native Festuca arizonica Vasey Arizona fescue Graminoid Native Oenothera elata Kunth Hooker's evening primrose Forb Native Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson ponderosa pine Tree Native Piptochaetium pringlei (Beal) Parodi Pringle's speargrass Graminoid Native Poa fendleriana (Steud.) Vasey Muttongrass Graminoid Native Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Douglas-fir Tree Native Purshia stansburiana (Torr.) Henrickson Stansbury cliffrose Shrub Native Quercus hypoleucoides A. Camus silverleaf oak Tree Native

Spruce-Fir forest on Mt. Lemmon (left), inventory at ski resort (right)

(36) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Pine forest understory at 7500 feet (left) Purshia stansburiana, Stansbury cliffrose (right)

The Catalina Mountains, as well as the Chirachahua Mountains previously visited in day 3, are part of what have been called the Madrean Sky Islands or Madrean Archipelego, islands of forest surrounded by a sea of desert. The forests on these islands have been isolated for about 9500 years. They contain species from the Rocky Mountains to the north, mixed with species from the Sierra Madre of Mexico to the south. Typically proceeding higher in elevation, desert and desert grassland transition to oak woodland, sometime , to oak-pine, to pine, to spruce-fir forest at the top.

Back down to Tucson and prior to lunch we picked up Hassell, who immediately started soliciting volunteers to help with his eradication project. Even though some of us continue to recognize the outstanding contribution buffelgrass has and continues to make, Hassell remained so generous as to allow us to join his team, even at our own expense.

Following a delicious lunch at Casa Molina we headed for the Sabino Canyon trail. An earthquake centered in northern Mexico in 1887 dislodged an array of massive boulders lining the canyon walls, which crashed down and came to rest in the valley below. Our time limited us to only a small portion of available trails, but it was fruitful.

Inventory Site 14 - Sabino Canyon Trail Upon arrival to the canyon and with some still harboring affection for the grass, we re-encountered the long arm of buffelgrass eradication enforcement. Although several fine specimens had been spotted descending from the oak-pine woodland on Mount Lemmon in the morning, we decided to group the finding into the species list for this stop, as the grass was present (but not prevalent) in Sabino Canyon as well.

Also noteworthy, this stop represented the first listing of buffelgrass in species lists to this point. We previously did spot a small patch in the distance below the dam at Roosevelt Lake. Otherwise it had been missing from the botanizing stops.

Buffelgrass is native to southern Asia (Pakistan, India) and Africa where it is a prized forage species, able to produce and persist in drought. It has been introduced to Australia and the

(37) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Americas for forage with considerable success, to the extent that it is considered a noxious weed in Australia and the U.S. There are more than 2 million acres of buffelgrass seeded rangeland in northern Mexico on large cattle ranches. Mexican families collect seed along roadsides and sell as an income supplement. There are extensive seeded acreages in southern Texas. In the past there has been a buffelgrass breeder in the Texas A&M University system. Buffelgrass has increased along roads and other developed areas in Arizona, but some in the group (current SEEP officers) were surprised more was not encountered during the trek.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia constricta Benth. whitethorn acacia Tree Native Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia Tree Native Ambrosia ambrosioides (Cav.) Payne ambrosia leaf bur ragweed Subshrub Native Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) Payne triangle bur ragweed Subshrub Native Amsinckia eastwoodiae J.F. Macbr. Eastwood's fiddleneck Forb Native Aristida divaricata Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. poverty threeawn Graminoid Native Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple threeawn Graminoid Native Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple threeawn douglas Native Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing saltbush Shrub Native Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Watson cattle saltbush Shrub Native Bahia absinthifolia Benth. silverleaf bahia Forb Native Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex sprucetop grama Graminoid Native S. Watson Calliandra eriophylla Benth. fairyduster Subshrub Native Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose saguaro Tree Native Ceanothus greggii A. Gray desert ceanothus Shrub Native Celtis ehrenbergiana (Klotzsch) Liebm. spiny hackberry Shrub Native Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & A. Gray) whitemargin sandmat Fort Native Small Chloris virgata Sw. feather fingergrass Graminoid Native Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene Panamint cryptantha Forb Native Cuscuta indecora Choisy bigseed alfalfa dodder Vine Native Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & buck-horn cholla Shrub Native J.M. Bigelow) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M. teddybear cholla Shrub Native Knuth Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermudagrass Graminoid Introduced Descurainia pinnata (Walter) Britton western tansymustard Forb Native Dichelostemma capitatum (Benth.) Alph. bluedicks Forb Native Wood ssp. capitatum

(38) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Dicliptera resupinata (Vahl) Juss. Arizona foldwing Forb Native Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. var. Arizona hedgehog cactus Shrub Native arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) D.J. Ferguson Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. brittlebush Subshrub Native Ephedra trifurca Torr. ex S. Watson longleaf jointfir Shrub Native Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen stinkgrass Graminoid Introduced Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees Lehmann lovegrass Graminoid Introduced Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners turpentine bush Subshrub Native Ferocactus wislizeni (Engelm.) Britton & Rose candy barrelcactus Shrub Native Fouquieria splendens Engelm. ocotillo Shrub Native Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britton & broom snakeweed Subshrub Native Rusby Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauv. ex tanglehead Graminoid Native Roem. & Schult. Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash curly-mesquite Graminoid Native Janusia gracilis A. Gray slender janusia Forb Native Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll. Arg. sangre de cristo, limberbush Shrub Native Krameria grayi Rose & Painter white ratany Subshrub Native Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville creosote bush Shrub Native Lupinus arizonicus (S. Watson) S. Watson Arizona lupine Forb Native ssp. arizonicus var. arizonicus Lycium pallidum Miers pale desert-thorn Shrub Native Malva parviflora L. cheeseweed mallow Forb Introduced Mammillaria tetrancistra Engelm. common fishhook cactus Shrub Native Microseris lindleyi (DC.) A. Gray Lindley's silverpuffs Forb Native Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. ex Beal bush muhly Graminoid Native Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. cactus apple Shrub Native Palafoxia arida B.L. Turner & Morris desert palafox Forb Native Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley whiplash pappusgrass Graminoid Native Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. yellow paloverde Tree Native Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link buffelgrass Graminoid Introduced Phacelia distans Benth. distant phacelia Forb Native Phaseolus filiformis Benth. slimjim bean Vine Native Phoradendron californicum Nutt. mesquite mistletoe Subshrub Native Pleuraphis mutica Buckley tobosagrass Graminoid Native Prosopis velutina Woot. velvet mesquite Tree Native Rhus microphylla Engelm. ex A. Gray littleleaf sumac Shrub Native Senna bauhinioides (A. Gray) Irwin & twinleaf senna Subshrub Native Barneby Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray desert globemallow Subshrub Native Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn. big sacaton Graminoid Native Thysanocarpus curvipes Hook. sand fringepod Forb Native Trixis californica Kellogg American threefold Shrub Native Zinnia acerosa (DC.) A. Gray desert zinnia Forb Native Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & A. lotebush Tree Native Gray) A. Gray

(39) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Curtis and friend (left)… buffelgrass at the feet of saguaro (right)

Nondescript bush muhly

Roadrunning to cover

(40) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Long shadows…

… on a diverse landscape

Inventory logged, and as the sun set, the beefeaters selected Lil’Abner’s Steakhouse for the evening meal.

(41) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Day 6 - Friday, March 16 Friday morning found us west of Tucson at the Desert Museum. This museum is a world-class facility, offering far more than can be absorbed in a day or week. Our morning there was indeed an inventory, complete with nametags. As the pictures will attest, it is a plant person's paradise. Our power botanists took the morning off.

Inventory Site 15 - Desert Museum Despite the suspension of power botanizing mode, lead photographer Oaks snapped several specimen shots including their labels, enabling the following inventory.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia greggii A. Gray catclaw acacia Tree Native Agave deserti Engelm. desert agave Subshrub Native Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) Payne triangle bur ragweed Subshrub Native Bahia absinthifolia Benth. silver leaf bahia Forb Native Baileya multiradiata Harv. & A. Gray ex A. desert marigold Forb Native Gray Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Rob. & willow ragwort Subshrub Native Brettell Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S. sprucetop grama Graminoid Native Watson Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex blue grama Graminoid Native Griffiths

(42) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. hairy grama Graminoid Native Calliandra eriophylla Benth. fairyduster Subshrub Native Canotia holacantha Torr. crucifixion thorn Tree Native Cercocarpus montanus Raf. var. glaber (S. birchleaf mountain Shrub Native Watson) F.L. Martin mohogany Cylindropuntia acanthocarpa (Engelm. & J.M. buck-horn cholla Shrub Native Bigelow) F.M. Knuth Cylindropuntia arbuscula (Engelm.) F.M. Arizona pencil cholla Shrub Native Knuth Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth teddybear cholla Shrub Native Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) F.M. Knuth tree cholla Shrub Native Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) F.M. Knuth Christmas cactus Shrub Native Cylindropuntia versicolor (Engelm. ex J.M. staghorn cholla Shrub Native Coult.) F.M. Knuth Dasylirion wheeleri S. Watson common sotol Subshrub Native Dodonaea viscosa (L.) Jacq. hopbush Tree Native Echinocereus coccineus Engelm. var. Arizona hedgehog cactus Shrub Native arizonicus (Rose ex Orcutt) D.J. Ferguson Echinocereus mojavensis (Engelm. & J.M. Mojave kingcup cactus Shrub Native Bigelow) Rümpler Epilobium canum (Greene) P.H. Raven ssp. hummingbird trumpet Subshrub Native angustifolium (D.D. Keck) P.H. Raven Ericameria laricifolia (A. Gray) Shinners turpentine bush Subshrub Native Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. eastern Mojave buckwheat Shrub Native Fouquieria splendens Engelm. ocotillo Shrub Native Jatropha cardiophylla (Torr.) Müll. Arg. sangre de cristo, limberbush Shrub Native Justicia californica (Benth.) D. Gibson beloperone Forb Native Justicia candicans (Nees) L.D. Benson Arizona water willow Forb Native Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville creosote bush Shrub Native Oenothera deltoides Torr. & Frém. birdcage evening primrose Forb Native Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm. cactus apple Shrub Native Opuntia macrocentra Engelm. var. purple pricklypear Tree Native macrocentra Opuntia santa-rita (Griffiths & Hare) Rose Santa Rita pricklypear Shrub Native Parkinsonia aculeata L. Jerusalem thorn Tree Native Parkinsonia florida (Benth. ex A. Gray) S. blue paloverde Tree Native Watson Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. yellow paloverde Tree Native Penstemon eatonii A. Gray firecracker penstemon Forb Native Penstemon parryi (A. Gray) A. Gray Parry’s beardtongue Forb Native Peucephyllum schottii A. Gray Schott's pygmycedar Shrub Native Quercus arizonica Sarg. Arizona white oak Tree Native Quercus turbinella Greene Sonoran scrub oak Shrub Native Rhus microphylla Engelm. ex A. Gray littleleaf sumac Shrub Native Rhus ovata S. Watson sugar sumac Tree Native

(43) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Rhus trilobata Nutt. skunkbush sumac Shrub Native Salvia coccinea P.J. Buchoz ex Etlinger blood sage Forb Native/TX Salvia greggii A. Gray autumn sage Forb Native Senna wislizeni (A. Gray) Irwin & Barneby Wislizenus' senna Shrub Native Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid. jojoba Shrub Native Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray desert globemallow Subshrub Native Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum organpipe cactus Tree Native

Wendell among the organ pipes… Botanists in their own right…

Parry’s beardtongue amongst the grama (left) and close-up (right)

Wendall “Fielder’ Oaks

(44) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Crucifixion thorn, Canotia holacantha Mojave kingcup cactus, Echinocereus mojavensis

Following a quick and late lunch at the Museum we headed to the Tucson PMC. There we were greeted by ex manager Bruce Munda, currently Plant Materials Specialist, and Assistant Manager Heather Dial. Unfortunately, Manager Manuel was on vacation. We enjoyed a pleasant tour and even searched the archives a little for information on Dr. Crider. Of course Larry and Wendell had served as manager there in bygone days, so they enjoyed a homecoming.

(45) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Inventory Site 16 - Tucson Plant Materials Center The Tucson PMC traces back to the soil conservation nurseries established in 1934-35 with the formation of the Soil Erosion Service of the Bureau of Plant Industry and subsequently the Soil Conservation Service in USDA. The concept of initial evaluations and the process used by PMCs to evaluate and develop sources of conservation plants originated in Arizona with Franklin Crider, who briefly managed the soil conservation nursery in Tucson before moving to Washington DC (Beltsville) in 1936 to apply the process across the entire program in the country. Crider was very interested in the conservation properties of roots. In addition to erosion control properties, he also authored the concept of take half, leave half for grazing management, leaving enough top growth for photosynthesis to replenish root reserves.

The inventory consisted of touring evaluations and seed production fields at the center, including the following species.

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple threeawn douglas Native Atriplex canescens (Pursh) Nutt. fourwing saltbush Shrub Native Atriplex polycarpa (Torr.) S. Watson cattle saltbush Shrub Native Atriplex semibaccata R. Br. Australian saltbush Subshrub Introduced Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. sideoats grama Graminoid Native Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. black grama Graminoid Native Digitaria californica (Benth.) Henr. Arizona cottontop Graminoid Native Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene saltgrass Graminoid Native Eragrostis intermedia Hitchc. plains lovegrass Graminoid Native Muhlenbergia asperifolia (Nees & Meyen ex scratchgrass Graminoid Native Trin.) Parodi Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. ex Beal bush muhly Graminoid Native Pappophorum vaginatum Buckley whiplash pappusgrass Graminoid Native Pleuraphis mutica Buckley tobosagrass Graminoid Native Setaria vulpiseta (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. plains bristlegrass Graminoid Introduced Sporobolus airoides (Torr.) Torr. alkali sacaton Graminoid Native Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) A. Gray sand dropseed Graminoid Native Zinnia acerosa (DC.) A. Gray desert zinnia Forb Native

Gracious to a fault, Bruce invited us all over to his home to meet his wife Maggie and sample his homemade beer. It required several bottles of sampling but in the end he got thumbs up from all. Then off to dinner at Mosaic with Jack and Larry in charge of the margaritas. That was a mistake.

(46) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Larry eyeing weeds in his Arizona cottontop Whiplash pappusgrass

(47) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Day 7 - Saturday, March 17 Inventory Site 17 - Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument On our last day in the field we headed west from Tucson on Route 86 to Why, then south to the Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, created on April 13, 1937 as a way to preserve a representative area of the Sonoran Desert. The new monument was part of a movement in the National Parks to protect not just scenic wonders but also the ecological wonders.

Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument is the site of cultural resources that reflect long, widespread and diverse occupations by American Indian, Mexican, and European groups. The intersection of these three cultures is significant archaeologically, geographically, and internationally. Evidence of these cultures still remains today, and as you explore the monument, one cannot help but imagine what life was like living in the Sonoran Desert.

To the local Native Americans, the land of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument was an important cultural center. Hohokam trade routes bisect what is now the monument, and allowed for ease of movement through the Sonoran Desert as people looked to acquire resources and trade with neighboring cultures. To the O’Odham people, the of saguaro and organ pipe cactus provided food during the hot Sonoran summer.

The site is in Pima County and MLRA 40. (The tiny inset below is that of white ratany)

Scientific Name PLANTS Common Name Type Origin Acacia constricta Benth. whitethorn acacia Tree Native Ambrosia deltoidea (Torr.) Payne triangle bur ragweed Subshrub Native Antheropeas lanosum (A. Gray) Rydb. white easterbonnets Forb Native Aristida purpurea Nutt. purple threeawn Graminoid Native

(48) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Bromus arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins Arizona brome Graminoid Native Calliandra eriophylla Benth. fairyduster Subshrub Native Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray white tackstem Forb Native Carnegiea gigantea (Engelm.) Britton & Rose saguaro Tree Native Chamaesyce albomarginata (Torr. & A. Gray) whitemargin sandmat Forb Native Small Chorizanthe rigida (Torr.) Torr. & A. Gray devil's spineflower Forb Native Clematis drummondii Torr. & A. Gray Drummond's clematis Vine Native Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Greene panamint cryptantha Forb Native Cryptantha barbigera (A. Gray) Greene bearded cryptantha Forb Native Cylindropuntia arbuscula (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth Arizona pencil cholla Shrub Native Cylindropuntia bigelovii (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth teddybear cholla Shrub Native Cylindropuntia fulgida (Engelm.) F.M. Knuth jumping cholla Shrub Native Cylindropuntia versicolor (Engelm. ex J.M. staghorn cholla Shrub Native Coult.) F.M. Knuth Dalea mollis Benth. hairy prairie clover Subshrub Native Delphinium scaposum Greene tall mountain larkspur Forb Native Echinocereus engelmannii (Parry ex Engelm.) Engelmann's hedgehog Shrub Native Lem. cactus Encelia farinosa A. Gray ex Torr. brittlebush Subshrub Native Eriogonum fasciculatum Benth. eastern Mojave buckwheat Shrub Native Fagonia laevis Standl. California fagonbush Subshrub Native Forestiera shrevei Standl. desert olive Shrub Native Fouquieria splendens Engelm. ocotillo Shrub Native Janusia gracilis A. Gray slender janusia Vine Native Jatropha cuneata Wiggins & Rollins physicnut Shrub Native Krameria grayi Rose & Painter white ratany Subshrub Native Larrea tridentata (DC.) Coville creosote bush Shrub Native Lepidium thurberi Woot. Thurber's peppergass Forb Native Lesquerella gordonii (A. Gray) S. Watson Gordon's bladderpod Forb Native Lycium pallidum Miers pale desert-thorn Shrub Native Olneya tesota A. Gray desert ironwood Type Native Parkinsonia microphylla Torr. yellow paloverde Tree Native Phacelia distans Benth. distant phacelia Forb Native Phoradendron californicum Nutt. mesquite mistletoe Subshrub Native Schismus barbatus (Loefl. ex L.) Thell. common Mediterranean Graminoid Introduced grass Sebastiania bilocularis S. Watson arrow poison plant Shrub Native Sphaeralcea ambigua A. Gray desert globemallow subshrub Native Stenocereus thurberi (Engelm.) Buxbaum organpipe cactus Shrub Native Trixis californica Kellogg American threefold Shrub Native Vulpia myuros (L.) C.C. Gmel. annual fescue Graminoid Introduced Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex Torr. & A. Gray) lotebush Tree Native A. Gray

(49) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012 Jumping cholla

Engelmann’s hedgehog cactus Sizing up ocotillo

(50) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Staghorn cholla (above) (flowering below)

TWC (tiny white composite), here white easterbonnets

Limbering with limberbush (physicnut) Teddybear cholla

The site was beautiful, ample wildflowers, pleasant weather and endless inventory potential. Unfortunately time did not stop.

(51) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012

Had the day been longer and the road shorter we would have done an inventory at the Casa Grande Ruins Monument. Regrettably, around 5:15 PM we learned they closed at 5:00, so we headed to Phoenix and our last Trek V evening. We dined at Monti's historic adobe restaurant on the Salt River, Tempe, AZ.

The End

From the Lost Dutchman State Park to Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument was indeed a pleasurable and memorable experience. Following the resolution of report responsibilities and next year's location, we departed, already anxious for the 2013 visit to the coastal range, foothills and valleys of California. The scheduled date, coinciding with the end of the rainy season, is during late March or early April.

Update: The group later decided to defer the California annual grassland trek and instead scheduled a trek to the Coteau des Prairies (northern tall grass prairie) in the eastern Dakotas and Nebraska, western Minnesota and Iowa. The trekkers will convene in Lincoln, Nebraska in the latter half of August 2013.

(52) Power Botanizing in Southern Arizona, March 10 - 18, 2012