Phoneme Isolation Children recognize individual sounds in a word.

Before isolating sounds, be sure children have the concept of first, last and middle.

Children respond with the sound (phoneme) not the letter name when the teacher asks: Activities to use on the run What is the first sound in…? Including Two, four, six, eight

What is the first sound in…? Phoneme Isolation Farmer, teacher, doctor, soldier, Nurse, painter Identity Categorization What is the first sound in…? Banana, pickle, milk, ice cream, Blending hamburger, apple

Segmentation What is the first sound in…? Deletion Lion, dinosaur, turtle, pig, rabbit, bear

Addition What is the first sound in…? Substitution Jacket, hat, mitten, boot, pants, sandals

What is the first sound in…? Circle, round, triangle, oval Phoneme Awareness f-o-n-e-m-i-k The activities on the following cards are one Awareness way to help build phonemic awareness. They are designed to be used “on the run”.

Phonemic Awareness: Use the few minutes you have before school  Is the ability to hear, think dismissal or while waiting for a special-area about, and manipulate the class to ask several of the questions on one individual sounds in spoken card.

words.

 Lays the foundation to Focus on only one or two types of phoneme learn letter-sound relations manipulations at a time. Make sure students  Is not an end in itself but a have mastered one type before introducing crucial factor in a child’s another. The most critical manipulations are ability to learn to read. blending and segmenting.

 Not only helps children

learn to read but to spell.  Can be taught and learned. Consider adapting these activities to include  Instruction can help words related to specific subject areas. preschoolers, kindergartners, and first

graders who are learning to The phoneme manipulations on these cards read as well as older, les are based on the findings of reading accomplished readers. research as summarized by the National  Has been identified by the Reading Panel (2001). Further explanation National Reading Panel as can be found in Put Reading First. This 64- one of five areas that page booklet may be downloaded from: www.nifl.gov should be included in

effective reading instruction.

© 2003 Cathy Falk Phoneme Identity Phoneme Isolation Avoid initial blends as they are made up of two distinct sounds and may confuse What is the last sound in__? children. boat plane taxi bus Variation with Initial Sounds horse ship Example: “can you tell me a word that begins with the same sound as mmmmm-oon?” What is the last sound in___? arm knee

foot hand Repeat the questions several times with various initial sounds leg toe

What is the last sound in____? Final Sounds Red green Hearing final sounds is a more advanced task Blue yellow than hearing sounds in the beginning of

words. What is the last sound in___? Him, time, gum /m/ big small Rib, tub, robe /b/ on off If, beef, leaf /f/ up over Eat, light, boat /t/ fast slow Yes, us, nice /s/ quickly snap Make, look, duck /k/ lug crack Up, stop, clap /p/ Been, can, fun /n/ What is the last sound in___? Car, jar, far /r/ nest grass Fall, ball, call /l/ tree stick Bed, good, had /d/ cloud sun Cage, huge, fudge /j/ Egg, pig, fog /g/ What is the last sound in____? Love, dive, stove /v/ map globe Size, has, buzz /z/ flat round Tooth, bath, mouth /th/ square rectangle Wish, brush, cash /sh/ Home, seem, climb /m/ What is the last sound it___? Sun, ran, ten /n/ house roof Job, tube, cube /b/ apartment trailer Red, old, head /d/ window door Rope, sleep, hop /p/ brick paint At, get, feet /t/ Loss, miss, niece /s/ What is the last sound in____? These, use, rise /z/ taco pizza

apple orange cake pie corn zucchini

Medial sounds are the hardest to hear! Phoneme Identity Phoneme Categorization Children recognize the word in a set of three that starts with a different sound. Children recognize the same sounds in different words. Which word doesn’t belong?

“What sound is the same in the beginning of Bus, bun, rug ….? Mop, moon, rat (Teacher can accept the sound or the letter Coat, hose, horse name.) Pants, pink, four moon, map, monkey x-ray, jam, jet bike, big, bubble door, plate, desk sun, seven, soup ball, cat, big time, tent, toad apple, alien, red foot, fence, fish television, phone, tent apple, alligator, actor table, horse, taco camera, coat, cup dog, sun, sub pizza, piano, penny ruler, mat, rocket nose, nut, nice sand, queen, quarter igloo, icky, itch rake, baby, bed hunt, hook, hi robot, radio, rooster zoo, wolf, window leaf, lady, lucky house, hunt, pumpkin dinosaur, doll, dinner nickel, jeep, jam goat, gecko, gum dog, corn, cage octopus, olive, Oscar hot, hat, shirt key, kite, kitten book, feet, bone wagon, wish, watch cage, candle, fire jeep, jet, jumper paint, down, dollar vet, vine, video bat, game, gate quarter, queen, quilt hill, hook, comb egg, elephant, exit jump, jeans, tent yellow, yarn, yes finger, kitchen, kick zipper, zebra, zero laugh, like, video under, umbrella, up rug, mirror, make thank, thumb, thin four, two, ten she, ship, sugar first, fourth, second cheese, chair, chin eight, six, seven

Phoneme Blending Phoneme Categorization The most challenging way to present this Children recognize the word in a set of four activity is to not give any clues or categories. words that doesn’t start like the other three words. Two Sounds t-oe kn-ee Which word doesn’t belong? u-p s-o sink, seem, thud, sing i-t d-ay dive, dove, vest, dad m-y b-ow thin, shine, think, thumb sh-oe l-ie spill, sun, sand, six d-ay m-oo rode, roam, prod, roll m-e i-s boat, thin, bike, bath a-t g-o eagle, eat, ape, eel i-n a-m acorn, apron, ice, able ease, each, either, open Three sounds ugly, uncle, ears, under j-o-b b-e-d elevator, apple, ankle, after r-oo-f d-oo-r ice, out, iris, iron b-u-s b-oa-t f-oo-t b-a-ck More difficult to distinguish m-ou-th ch-i-n chin, chocolate, chair, sheet l-e-g r-i-ght zig, zag, zeal, sing o-v-er s-l-ow joke, cheer, choice, chest t-o-p d-ow-n van, that, vine, vow l-o-ng d-r-y chin, chunk, chill, jump h-ou-se ch-ee-k they, dare, day, dive l-ou-d l-a-te ship, sheep, shop, stop p-u-sh w-ea-k fin, fire, free, thin h-ar-d sh-ou-t shin, cheer, sheet, shade feel, vase, fine, face Four Sounds jump, jar, cheer, junk t-ea-ch-er t-r-ai-n sheen, sheep, shop, stop f-a-s-t u-n-d-er dove, dig, drove, dump l-e-f-t s-l-i-de pig, prize, pet, pan b-r-ea-d g-r-a-pe it, ate, if, in s-t-ea-k s-w-ee-t add, animal, at, eraser g-r-ee-n y-e-ll-ow Indian, igloo, egg, inch b-r-ow- c-l-ea-n elm, inside, egg, elephant October, ill, itch, into Follow-up by having students write, then read the apple, ink, ashes, ax words. Phoneme Blending Phoneme Segmentation Children listen to a sequence of separate Children break a word into its separate sounds and then combine to form a sounds word. Children Say each sound separately as Say the word slowly, stretching but not they raise a finger for each sound. distorting the sounds. To make the activity easier, begin with Say the word____in two separate simple riddles. sounds.

“What am I thinking of? Two Sounds It falls from the sky. R-ai-n” pie bee shoe is day key zoo tie shy “What am I thinking of? sp bye to I sleep in this at night. B-e-d” no see hay whoa chew he “What am I thinking of? it knee my row do in I wear this on my foot. S-o-ck” toe she mow day go boo “What am I thinking of? hoe tea say A red light means you have to do this. S-t-o-p” Three Sounds tug mom big “What am I thinking of? sit cap cat She helps you if you’re hurt. bus hug pan N-u-r-se” cub cup cut dim dog fat fig bib gum “What am I thinking of? sat hen hid It helps me find a street in the city. hop bug hum m-a-p” jam kit leg tag lid tip To make this activity a little harder, only give mad beg map one category. mat fall mug “I am thinking of things you might do in gym.” top not nut r-u-n s-k-i-p j-o-g h-o-p j-u-m-p g-l-i-de r-a-ce s-k-a-te

“ I am thinking of different types of weather.” r-ai-n s-l-ee-t f-o-g s-n-o-w

Phoneme Addition Phoneme Segmentation “What new word do you have if you add /t/ to the END of for?” fort Four Sounds blocks bread crab add /s/ to drip drips snake glass grape add /er/ to fast faster truck find gift add /e/ to skin skinny jump grab glad add /z/ to no nose small fast stop add /f/ to low flow steak clean scout add /ch/ to cat chat lamp desk land add /k/ to may make train left sweet add /v/ to we weave green yellow brown add /s/ to how house black slide skate add /f/ to say safe paint sled frog add /th/ to too tooth add /k/ to lie like add /ch/ to bran branch On occasion, have children write the word add/ z/ to sigh size then read it aloud at a normal speaking rate. add/ f/ to bee beef First, the teacher says the word slowly add /p/ to row rope then asks. “What is the word?” Children add/ n/ to sue soon respond. add /t/ to lie light Next, the teacher asks the children to say add /z/ to tea tease the word as separate sounds. Then the add /m/ to far farm teacher says, “Let’s write the sounds in add / v/ to die dive words.” add /s/ to one once Teacher writes the word on the board add /n/ to tray train while saying the sounds. Then the children add /th/ to bow both write the word, saying the sound as the add /f/ to lie fly teacher did. Finally, the children read the add /m/ to say same word. add /k/ to see seek add /t/ to gray great add /p/ to key keep add /n/ to brow brown add /l/ to see seal Phoneme Addition Phoneme Deletion Children make a new word by adding a Children recognize what remains when a phoneme to an existing word. phoneme is removed from another word. What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park?” spark Teacher says the sound, NOT the letter name. Letters inside / / means the add /k/ to an can sound. add /h/ to it hit add /f/ to or for “What is smile without /s/?” add/p/ to at pat add /b/ to us bus frat without /f/ add /w/ to in win split without /l/ add /k/ to up cup pray without /r/ add /s/ to and sand prod without /p/ add/b/ to right bright grit without /r/ add/ s/ to peach speech blue without /l/ add/ k/ to raft craft brash without /b/ add/ d/ to rip drip price without /p/ add /p/ to ride pride bless without /b/ add /b/ to low blow drag without /d/ add/ k/ to lot clot blow without /b/ add /p/ to ray pray slang without /l/ add /b/ to lou blue black without /l/ add /d/ to rag drag snob without /s/ add/ b/ to lack black spray without /sp/ add /t/ to rye try drug without /d/ add /p/ to rice price blow without /l/ add /t/ to race trace slack without /s/ add /s/ to mile smile grace without /g/ add /b/ to rag brag black without /b/ add/k/ to lap clap snag without /s/ add /b/ to rush brush bleach without /l/ add / s to nap snap spend without /sp/ bleed without /b/ Phoneme Substitution Phoneme Deletion

Final Sound Changes ham without the /h/ “The word is bug. Change the /g/ to /n/. cat without the /k/ What’s the new word?” bun blast without the /b/ cloud without the /k/ cat change /t/ to/n/ slap without the /s/ dip change /p/ to /g/ gram without the /g/ not change /t/ to /d/ bleep without the /l/ sock change /k/ to /b/ skid without the /s/ fish change /sh/ to /t/ plod without the /pl/ ham change /m/ to /d/ clean without the /k/ nice change /s/ to /n/ twin without the /t/ hedge change /j/ to/d/ spout without the /sp/ win change /n/ to /g/ grand without the /gr/ had change /d/ to /t/ crack without the /k/ can change /n/ to /sh/ skim without the /s/ plate change /t/ to /s/ plight without the /p/ bag change /g/ to /t/ bleep without the /b/ wish change /sh/ to /p/ drip without the /d/ wage change /j/ to /v/ slam without the /s/ crush change /sh/ to /m/ pluck without the /p/ age change /g/ to /k/ snob without the /s/ gas change /s/ to /p/ trip without the /t/ fate change /t/ to /th/ crock without the /k/ mass change /s/ to /sh/ plus without the /pl/ safe change /f/ to /v/ graft without the /g/ ditch change /ch/ to /sh/ clot without the /k/ price change /s/ to /z/ splint without the /sp/ rid change /d/ to /b/ trot without the /t/ graze change /z/ to /s/ clash without the /k/ bat change /t/ to /th/ pride without the /p/ rack change /k/ to /g/ seat without the /s/ frat without the /r/ craft without the /k/ speech without the /s/ Phoneme Substitution Children substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word.

Initial Sounds “The word is cat. Change /k/ to /s/. What’s the new word?” pig change /p/ to /d/ look change /l/ to /b/ mat change /m/ to /h/ walk change /w/ to /t/ bed change /b/ to /r/ dog change /d/ to /l/ sack change /s/ to /r/ goat change /g/ to /b/ car change /k/ to /r/ bag change /b/ to /r/ lace change /l/ to /f/ rose change /r/ to /h/ shy change /sh/ to /wh/ tick change /t/ to /s/ bag change /b/ to /t/ dad change /d/ to /h/ what change /wh/ to /sh/ knob change /n/ to /r/ cane change / k/ to /l/ lamb change /l/ to /j/ pale change /p/ to /m/ dear change /d/ to /n/ tease change /t/ to /b/ ham change /h/ to /j/ jeep change /j/ to /k/