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1-1-1942

Special Libraries, January 1942

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Special Libraries

VOLUMB33 ...... rC23 ....NUMBERI "-*A

CONTENTS FOR JANUARY 1942 War-time Controls and Restrictions on Domestic Trading in the United Kingdom L. G. HOLLIDAY What Special Libraries Can Do for Civilian Defense . RUTHSAVORD Practical Hints for Reference Librarians ...... THOMASE. KEYS Special Libraries and the Needs of the Future .....LAURA A. WOODWARD Mrs. Roosevelt Gives Role to Libraries ...... Our Bill of Rights-1941 ...... DR. ALICEV. KELIHER Special Files in the Technology Department of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh MAR~ARETJ. GRIFFIN Editor's Note ...... Council of National Library Associations ...... Announcements ...... National Defense News ...... Events and Publications ...... M. MAR~ARETKEEL January Forecasts of Forthcoming Books ...... Microfilming Notes ...... , ......

Indexed in Indwtrial Art.r Index and Pgblic Affkrs Information Sswice

THE STAFF

ALMA ~VOBhhTCE1LL Editu

The articles which appear in SP~~ALLm~~xm express the vimof the authors, and do not necessarily reprcsan the opinion or the policy of the editorial stnff and pblbhcr

SPECIAL LIBRARIES published monthly September to April, with bi-monthly kua May to August, by The Sped.1 Libraria, Assocktion. Publication Mce. Mt. Royal and Guilford Aves.. Baltimore, Md. Ad&- all communications for publication to editorial offices at 31 Eut Tenth Street, New York. N. Y. Subscription price: $S.W a year; foreign $5.50; linele copia, SO cents. hkd or sccad-chass cnclllsr a8 &Y Pod 0jic-s aI Bdiirm6. Md., v& I& ad of March 3,1879, and d #he sprcid rate oj parfa~eor )roddd ja in 1Ls Ad of Fdmwy 28. 1925 I HARPER BOOKS for SPECIAL LIBRARIES I 4 January 1942 b u TEE SECURITIES MARKET And How ~t Works By BIRL E. SHULTZ. Dean, New York Stock Ezchange Ilwtitute All who have anything to do with today's security market, whether as brokers, salesmen, partners, customers, or o5cials of companies who compose its membership, will find this book as helpful as it is authoritative. Contains a complete, uptodate and detailed description of the entire succession of steps required in the buying and selling of securities and in the routine handling of various types of orders. Recent drastic changes in Stock Exchange procedure will, however, make this book of interest to all who wish to understand the inner workings of Stock Exchange procedure. $5.00 NEWI STRENGTH FOR NEW LEADERSHIP By ERWIN HASKELL SCHELL, Professor, Masaachwretts Institute of Technolopy Hundreds of MIT graduates now in important executive positions have long enjoyed a close and inspiring contact with the author through his periodic personal letters to them. This volume is the outgrowth of a demand from executives outside this intimate circle for a public presentation of his virile and common sense discussion of the sources to which leaders everywhere can turn for new strength and courage for today's needs. Says Karl T. Compton, President of MIT: "It will grow upon you as it grew upon me." $%.W MYI LIFE IN INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Fifty Years in the Growth of a Profession By CLARENCE J. HICKS, Chaiman, Board of Td,Zndwfriul Relath Couwslora. Znc. For teachers and students of industrial relations, for employers and for those now professionally engaged in this increasingly important work, this volume is at once the fascinating story of a pioneer's fifty eventful years and a memorandum of successful procedures on whose development he has exerted a profound influence. This record of his association with the InternationaI Harvester Company, the Colorado Fuel & Iron Company, and the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, traverses the entire period during which modem industrial relations work was being shaped and challenges the reader to wider use of tested policies in the solution of today's mounting problems in this field. $%60 ARBITRATIONI IN ACTION A Code for Civil, Commercial and Industrial Arbitrations By FRANCES KELLOR Definitive, practical guidebook and reference work for lawyers, business men and labor officials who want to know how, when and where to arbitrate commercial .~dlabor disputes under volun- tary agreements. Drawn from the national and international experience and systems of the American Arbitration kasocition, the material in this indispensable volume provides short- cut information on the technics, facilities, and equipment essential tb successful voluntary arbitra- tion and the avoidance of expensive legal action in the courts. Contains useful legal summaries to guide procedure at every step. $3.60 SHOPI MANAGEMENT FOR THE SHOP SUPERVISOR By RALPH C. DAVIS First aid for today's emergency supervisory training activities in defense and other industries. A rapid, popular, clear and comprehensive revamping in manual form of the most important foremanship material from the author's larger volume, "Industrial Organization and Manage- ment." now a standard text in the management field. Foremen and their instructors will thus be able to find here valuable information on supervisory methods and practices which bear closely on their hour to hour work on the job. $2.50 HOWI TO TRAIN SUPERVISORS By R. 0. BECKMAN Commercial and public organizations as well as industrial organizations concerned with training supervisors and building leaders are already using thousands of copies of this comprehensive text manual which is based on tested methods used in training over 60,000 foremen. Here are the outlines for a course of thirty-two lessons together with a detailed discussion of &dive procedures in conducting classes. Grows out of the author's work both in private industry and I for the federal government. 83.00 -1 Order these books at your bookstore or direct on approval from ( HARPER & BROTHERS 49 East 33rd Street NEW YORK 4 War-time Controls and Restrictions on Domestic Trading in the United Kingdom'

By L. G. HOLLIDAY, H.B.M.

Vice Consul at Los Angclcs, California

AY I begin by saying that I have purely coincidental, for the professed aim taken trading to include not of this latter type of control is not recon- M only the distribution of fin- cilable with war-time aims. The one aims ished goods but also the movement of raw to win a war at whatever social sacrifice; materials and the various stages of their the other to ensure an even distribution of manufacture and I have found it impos- social and economic advantages for purely sible to overlook the questions of labour humanitarian ends. supply, price fixing and taxation. So we Accepting this definition of the justifi- shall perforce cover an extended field and cation for war-time controls and restric- there will not be much time for details. tions, in what general direction would w; I would make one more initial observa- expect them to be app!ied? First and fore- tion: that many of the problems which most, I suggest, in the concentration of have had to be met in the United King- energy on the manufacture of military dom by the imposition of controls and goods and the consequent restriction on restrictions are caused by factors which do the output of civilian goods except in so not operate in the United States, chief far as these latter are required for the use among which is the fact that the United of the armed forces. There are two main Kingdom is an island country, very ways in which this can be effected-by densely populated and dependent both diversion of the energies previously de- for foodstuffs and for the raw material of voted to the production of civilian goods industry on supplies imported from and by control of the spending power of abroad. the purchasing public. Controls and restrictions have to be imposed in a country at war or expecting to be engulfed in war for one reason and one only, and that is to ensure that the First let us consider the diversion of the available energy and talent of the country energies previously devoted to the pro- is concentrated to the greatest possible duction of civilian goods. This has been extent on the sole objective of winning achieved in a variety of ways, by govern- the war. Any resemblance of war-time ment control of the allocation of raw ma- controls to the restrictions which a terials and foodstuffs, by restriction of the planned peace-time economy entails is amount of goods which may be manufac- tured for the civilian home trade, by the Text of an address delivered to the Los Angelcs Chapter of the Special Libraries Association rcpro- concentration of industry and by the duced here by permission. rationing of labour supply. 6 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Allocatim of raw matwial~ the manufacture of boots and shoes is First take raw materials and food- 807~of normal. Deliveries of timber are stuffs. These are both imported and subject to the issue of a licence which is domestic. Imports are controlled by a not granted if the use for which the system of import permits and by the al- timber is required is not considered abso- location of shipping space. Control here lutely essential and the acquisition of is exercised by the President of the Board wood wool is subject to control. Again, of Trade who shares with the Comptroller the production and delivery of paper and General of the Department of Overseas paperboard are drastically rationed and Trade the functions of your Secretary of the use of paper for specified purposes is Commerce. Once the goods are in the prohibited or restricted. The ordinary country their allocation and that of daily newspaper is now able to print edi- domestic produce is subject to the deci- tions of only four pages. Newsprint for sion of the Ministry of Supply with the periodicals is also being drastically cut. exception of aluminium and bauxite which Paper for stationery and general printing are controlled by the Ministry of Aircraft is being similarly cut down and that for Production and cement which is allotted the production of books is being reduced to by the Ministry of Works and Buildings. 334% of 1939 consumption. Steel for Maximum allocations of both domestic civilian purposes including both consumer and imported items are for munitions and goods and the repair, maintenance and the supply departments of the forces with extension of plant is released on a severely progressively lesser amounts to the basic restricted basis. For consumers' goods the industries, the export trade, government reduction is broadly to about one-fifth of services and civilian industries. The sup normal, but no releases at all are being plies of nearly all raw materials to manu- made for many purposes, e.g. for metal facturers are subject to this control. bedsteads. The release of steel for new Thus there are, for example, controls regu- plants and of new and reconditioned lating the use of cotton, wool, silk, flax, machinery is only allowed in essential timber, paper and paper-making materials, cases and is administered on the advice hemp, jute, leather, rubber, certain chem- of the appropriate Government Depart- icals, plastics, industrial starches (includ- ment. New building is under strict con- ing adhesives), iron and steel, non-fer- trol and even after the need for a building rous metals, aluminium and light alloys. has been established, the plans are closely The use of raw cotton of all types is sub- scrutinised to cut out extravagance in ject to licensing, and the amount allocated s tee1 and other materials. Moreover, there to home civil needs has been cut to a bare has recently been appointed a Controller minimum, representing. between z5 and General of Factory and Storage Premises 30% of normal consumption. Neither raw whose department maintains a Register silk nor flax is being released for homc of Factories and Stores. No premises civilian consumption and true hemp is which fall vacant may be taken over by restricted to essential purposes. Supplies new occupants without his permission of raw materials to the rayon industry for and new buildings will not be allowed home civilian trade have been restricted. when the register reveals that suitable Under the wool rationing scheme operated existing premises are available. No virgin by the Wool Control, the homc trade is aluminium is released except for absolutely scvcrcly cut to something under 30% of essential purposes, nor for export (hol- normal. Even the use of jute is now being low-ware of aluminium is no longer made curtailed. The ration of upper leather for at all). Last October stocks of material SPECIAL LIBRARIES 7 remaining in the hands of hollow-ware ity. I believe that this scheme will be of manufacturers were requisitioned and ex- particular interest to you because it is ports prohibited. The release of brass and the most radical solution yet attempted copper is subject to rationing arrange- in the United Kingdom of the problem ments made with the trade associations with which the United States is now con- affected. For example, no copper or copper fronted of reconciling the claims of all alloys are released for making such articles out defence production with the interests as ornamental lighting fittings, car and of the small manufacturer whose output bicycle fittings and curtain rods; and the is not required by the defense programme. release of brass is limited to a nominal The manufacturing industries were first figure for such non-essential purposes as grouped according to product and each jewellery. The Non-Ferrous Metals Con- group was then required to contract to trol continuously exercises pressure on a point where the manufacturing facilities consumers to'tind substitutes. Finally the in operation by so-called nucleus firms sale and supply of dyestuffs are subject to were no greater than was required to proc- licence. ess the raw materials available and to Limitations on supplies to manufac- manufacture the volume of goods which turers are balanced by limitations on the might be sold. volume of sales they may make, with the Each firm in each group had first to es- intention of restricting the manufacturer's tablish average monthly production dur- demand for raw materials to the amount ing the period June to November, 1939, of these which can be made available to then establish current monthly produ~ him. Under a series of orders, known col- tion. If average productionwas say E~o,ooo lectively 'as the Limitation of Supplies and current production Ej,ooo, the firm Orders, civilian home trade in a wide would have to find another firm or firms range of consumers' goods was restricted willing either to take over or to surrender for the period of June to November 1940 production to the extent of ij,ooo. The to two-thirds of its value in the cor- firm taking over production would have responding period of the previous year to arrange to compensate the firm which and has since been reduced to one-third of was willing to close down as the govern- previous values. The supply which may ment accepts no responsibility for com- be made available of certain classes of pensation of this kind. When all the firms goods has been fixed at a still lower in a given group had made these arrange- level, for example textile piece goods, ments a joint scheme was submitted to the cosmetics and toilet accessories. Board of Trade for approval. In the event of failure to arrive voluntarily at a scheme Conccntmtion of industry of contraction such a scheme would be One of the most drastic experiments imposed compulsorily by the Board of was the scheme introduced in April of Trade. this year by the President of the Board The object of this scheme was to release of Trade designed to bring about a concen- a considerable body of labour and some tration of production. This scheme ap three hundred thousand workers have plied to all industrial plants covered by already been released for defence produc- raw material control or the Limitation of tion or for service in the Armed Forces; Supplies Orders to which I have already the release of factory space-and by mid- referred. At a later date the policy of con- September twenty-three million square centration may be applied to all industries feet had been already released; the reten- working substantially below full capac- tion of essential civilian productive capac- 8 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

ity running on the most economical scale; Hence a second set of controls is neces- and the assurance to nucleus firms of their sary. To make saving more attractive it is factories, their labour supply and their essential to remove the opportunities for supply of raw material. At the same time spending, by rationing and price fixing. this scheme protects the interest of cap- To skim off the money not returned to the ital and management in those industrial Treasury in the form of loans it is neces- units which have been closed down by sary to resort to taxation. These measures forcing the remaining nucleus firms to pay at the same time ensure that the limited compensation equivalent to the additional supply of essential civilian commodities volume of business which they have taken will be distributed equitably and that the over. As overhead charges are more thinly war-time demands of national finance will spread, profits in fact tend to be greater be met. than before concentration. Rationing of food and clathing Control of labour The rationing of food has been in force This dilemma leads to a consideration since the early days of the war and has of the question of labour control. We have been steadily extendtd to a wide range of been very fortunate in England in the type foodstuffs. Lord Woolton has adminis- of labour leader we possess and particu- tered the system flexibly and fairly and larly in the personality of Mr. Ernest there have been few complaints. At the Bevin. Thanks largely to these two fac- present time, the rations are: meat, 256 tors and to the patriotism of the men worth per person per week; bacon, 5 small themselves it has been possible to do rashers a week; butter and cheese, two two things; to employ men not possessed ounces a week; tea, the national drink, of the usual union qualifications on union two ounces a week; milk, 3 pints a week, jobs and to be able to transfer labour except for pregnant women and children where it is wanted most. The powers under five who get 7 pints a week; eggs, thus vested in the Minister of Labour are one a week. Moreover, these rationed used to ensure that labour is allocated foodstuffs may only be obtained from the according to the same scale of priorities particular retailer with whom the con- as materials. Manufacturers of non- sumer has registered his coupon book. essential commodities are consequently His supplies from the wholesaler are deter- forced to exercise the strictest economy mined by the number of his registered of labour and often must give up key men customers. The supply of gasoline is also who can be put to better use elsewhere. rationed, according to horse power and has been progressively reduced until now RATIONINGAND PRICEFIXING for private use the motorist is only en- What is the result of all this? That a titled to enough pool petrol to make state of full employment has beenreached possible IOO miles of motoring a month. followed by actual labour shortage with The result is that civilian consumption the resultant rise in money wages. The has been cut to 30% of normal. The big- pool of purchasing power is enormously gest and best-kept surprise was the intro- increased at precisely the time when the duction of clothes rationing. Even the supply of consumption goods has been wife of the Prime Minister was caught cut to the bare minimum. The inevitable by surprise though Mr. Churchill had result is inflation unless the surplus money slyly remarked during the preceding week in circulation can be forced back into the that his supply of handkerchiefs seemed Treasury by means of loans and taxation. to be running low! The allotment is sixty- SPECIAL LIBRARIES 9 six coupons per person per year which cost of the war is being met out of current may be handed in at any retailer's. This income. allows a man in a whole year to buy, for example, one suit, one pair of shoes, Taxation two cotton shirts, two collars, one pair of The most talked of system of British pajamas, two pieces of underwear, one taxation is still the income tax. Without pair of socks and nothing else. The coupon going into complex details, suffice it to say value of all standard types of new clothing that £~,ooois the maximum net income including footwear and clothing materials possible in the United Kingdom today and is fixed. The ingenious housewife was quick that to retain £5,000 net it is necessary to to take advantage of the exceptions. Thus, earn a Gross of at least £66,000. In the though the same number of coupons had realm of corporate taxes, excess profits to be surrendered for a pair of trousers or are taxed away ~ooOjoabove a fair pre- a kilt, the latter contained more than war average, and this applies not only in enough material for a woman's two piece the defence industries but to all businesses suit and though linen yardage and linen whatsoever. Twenty per cent of the handkerchiefs were controlled, linen bed- amount payable as excess-profits tax will covers were not. however be reclaimable after the war. This concession echoes a provision in the Price fixing income tax law whereby a proportion of the amount raised by lowering the Except in the case of meat, rationing exemption rate is credited to the tax- was based on quantities not on price. payer as savings which can be drawn when A corollary to the rationing system there- the war is over. These two brain- fore was a system of price fixing. Maxi- children of Mr. John Maynard Keynes mum Price Orders govern the price of all are designed 'to lessen the jolt! of post-war rationed foodstuffs and of the uniform deflation and provide a cushion against pool gasoline, but not clothing. A wide the time of industrial readjustment with range of unrationed essential foodstuffs its inevitable danger of unemployment. is also affected, including bread, potatoes, Rather less than a year ago the Gov- fish, fresh fruit, cereals and certain vege- ernment imposed deliberately restrictive tables. The principal industrial raw indirect taxation in the form of a Purchase materials affected are coal, lumber, the Tax, to supplement the revenue from stiff non-ferrous metals, paper (in short supply excise taxes which had already forced the since the fall of Norway) and wool. price of a packet of twenty cigarettes to These maximum prices are fixed on the thirty cents of which the Government basis of pre-war cost of production plus takes seventeen. The Purchase Tax an agreed figure for increased costs. applies to practically every commodity, The net effect of these curbs on spending the only important exceptions being is that the public has loaned to the Gov- eatables and reading matter. On goods ernment two billion pounds in the first classified as luxuries it amounts to one- two years of war. But during that period third of the price paid by the retailer to total spending amounted to more than his supplier. Non-luxury items are taxed seven billion. Taxing away the unloanrd at one-sixth of the wholesale price. The surplus in the hands of the public would purpose of imposing the tax on the whole- help close that gap, at the same time still saler, who in many cases is also the manu- further lessening the danger of excessive facturer, is to reduce the cost of collection inflation. Actually, some 40% of the and to diminish the likelihood of evasion. 10 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

In other respects the effects of the tax Staples, R. and Bornceman, R. E. Excess pro* tax. are the same as though it were to be Macmillan (Lond.) 1940 imposed on the retail price and collected from the retailer, as with the California Grcat Britain Purchase Tax. List of emergency statutog rules and orders 1939 still cfective on January I, 1741. H. M. Stationcry CONCLUSIONS Office, 1941 List of emergency statutory rules and mdcrs rg40 still That completes my main outline. There effective on January r, Igqr. H. M. stationery are of course in addition many, many Office, 1941 minor checks and balances but they do Lirt of srututory rules andordm Janwary 1st to June 30th not affect the general picture: control of 1941. H. M. Stationery mcc, 1941 imports, limitation of supply, curtailment List of statutorj rules ond or&rs July rst to 31s; 1941. H. M. stationery Wee, 1941 of sale, telescoping of productive capacity, List of statutory rules and orders August 1st to 31s; 1941. allocation of labour and on the other hand H. M. stationery Oflice, rgqx rationing of purchases, limitation of price, a ceiling on incomes and a virtual ban on luxuries. Backman, J. and Fishman. L. British War-time Con- trol of Copper, Lead and Zinc. Quarterly Journal I hope that you will agree with me that - - of Economics, v. 55, p. 110-38, Fcb. 1941 the final effect of these various piecemeal British Emergency Powers (defense) Act of 1940, measures is of a logical, well-integrated Montbly Labor Review, v. 51, p. 317, Jul. 1940 system of control which has completely British War Financc. United Empire, v. 31, no. 4, p. and efficiently transformed a peace-time 130ff, Apr. 1940 into a war-time economy. It is not Green, J. F. Britain's Wartime Economy 1940-41 Foreign Policy Reporr, V. 17, p. 126-36, Aug. I, pleasant always for the manufacturer and '94' the trader, but he knows that it is all Harris, P. A. Industry During and After the War. worth while, and I think he still has Contcmporaq Review, v. 158, p. 241-9, September enough humor to smile when he is accused '940 in certain quarters in this country of Imperial War Economy. Ecommist, v. 139, no. 5071, P. 540, Nov. 2, 1940 taking advantage of the war to build up Industrial Mobilization. Economist, v. 140, no. 5083, trading monopolies overseas. In the face P. 95, Jan. 25, 1941 of all these restrictions he would have to Popper, D. H. and DcWildc, J. C. Wartimc Economy be a superman to achieve that as well and of Britain and France. Foreign Policy Report, v. he is no superman, just an ordinary busi- 16, p. II-, Ju~.IS, 1940 Sykcs, J. Wartimc Economic Policy and Public Ad- nessman anxious to make a profit but ministration. Public Administration, v. 18, no. I, more anxious to play his part in ridding 5". 7940 the world of Hitlers and Mussolinis and Tether, C. G. War Financc in the Dominions. Bonhr, all other threats to free enterprise. v. 57, no. 180, p. 44, January 1941 Wartime Control of Agriculturc in the United King- BIBLIOGRAPHY dom. Montbh Labor Review, v. go, p. 1110-11, May I940 Boors Wartimc Emagcncy Controls. Monthly Labor Review, Bayley, V. H. M. and Taylor, E. M. Exess profits tox. v. 49, p- 10~3,1359-81; v. 50, P. 43-58.324-8, Macmillan (Lond.) 1940 601-11, 843-8, 1107-10, 1373-8; v. 51, p. 17-3% Crick, W. F. Outline of wartime financial control in ;be 303-7, 572-84, November 1939-September 1940 United Kingdom. Macmillan, 1941 Wartime Food and Price Control in Grcat Britain. Hicks, J. R. and U. K. W. and Rostas, L. Toxatia of Montbly Labor Review, v. so, p. 326-7, Fcbruvy war weolth. Oxford, INI '940 What Special Libraries Can Do for I Civilian Defense'

By RUTH SAVORD

Librarian. Council on Foreign Relations, New York, New York

T THE moment, I have the sinking national defense and total war, we visual- and shrinking feeling of one ize only guhs, cannon, battleships, planes, A who is expected to be a minor tanks, bombs-all the terrifying and prophet but who is deeply conscious of destructive aspects. We lose sight of the the fact that, in approaching my present less spectacular but equally important task, I more closely resemble Mickey services of supply; the behind the lines Mouse. I. cannot prophesy what de- services which, for their successful ac- mands may be made on us. I can only complishment in supporting the front line, review some things that have been done must have accurate data on which to base and suggest others that might be done. decisions. Our military leaders need in- For over two years, the daily press and formation on weather conditions, topog- our radios have been dinning into our raphy, new developments in chemical ears all the horrible details of total war, and aerialwarfare, transportation facilities for which we were for a time totally and other phases of our military effort; unprepared. But at last the giant that is industrial leaders must have facts on America began to move, so that, on production, on strategic materials on December 7th when wc were shocked into labor, price and export control, on govern- realization of our active involvement, we ment contracts, etc.; municipal leaders found ourselves, if not fully prepared, at need facts on air raid protection, shelters, least well along the road of preparedness. fire fighting, mob psychology and morale; In spite of the so-called "weaknesses" of the general public needs vocational ma- democracy, we had accomplished much terial and what is probably more im- within the framework of our democratic portant unbiased treatment of the way of life and without recourse to totali- problems of the day, for intolerance, tarian methods. Of course, there have dissension, muddled thinking can jeopard- been differences of opinion as to pro- ize our entire effort. cedure-some have even called it disunity. However, the past week has proved that "united we stand." New occasions teach new interests and Ideas are a weapon in the defense of concerns. To meet these interests the democracy and ideas with the facts to libraries of the country must mobilize support them are our stock in trade. All all their resources. We, like our govern- too often, when we think of preparedness, ment and industrial leaders, must accept 'Talk given at a meeting on Civilian Dcfcnsc the fact that we cannot operate on a observing Bill of Rights Day, Monday evening, Dc- "business as usual" policy. 15, ccmber 1941, sponsored by the New York and In some ways, I feel that I am a super- New Jersey Chapters of Special Libraries Association, the New York Library Club and the New Jersey fluous part of this program because we Library Association. are all in this together and it is almost an 12 SPECIAL LIBRARIES anachronism to separate public and special gan and California-our members, espe- libraries in talking about our place in this cially those heading Business, Industrial time of national emergency. But we and Technical Divisions of Public Libraries really are not separating them-we are are doing yeoman service. In the smaller discussing Libraries with a capital L- centers, where Public Libraries do not for never has it been so important for us have such well-developed divisions, our to cooperate closely in utilizing the skills members, who are in charge of industrial and resources of all the units of the library libraries, can and should offer their knowl- profession. edge of sources by suggesting material In the summer of 1940, almost as soon for purchase as well as for inclusion in as the national defense program began to lists. Here I should like to say that, take shape, librarians went into action. if we are to cooperate effectively, inter- S. L. A. set up a National Defense Com- library loan rules must be less stringent. mittee, A. L. A. set up a Committee on But after all, these services are more or National Defense Activities and Libraries; less in the line of duty. In peace, national the two Associations joined with the emergency or in time of war, libraries Library of Congress and the Library have always cooperated with each other. Division of the Mce of Education to To-day these ordinary services have simply form a Joint Committee on Library been stepped up. In this stepping up Research Facilities for National Defense. process, exhibits can play a very great The Guide to Library Facilities for National part in education and in making the public Defense was issued in two editions and and defense workers realize how much within the last month, S. L. A. has issued libraries can help them, especially if they the first in a series of volumes under the take the form of cooperative effort. They title Special Library Resources. We early can show how libraries come to the aid realized we could not mobilize for any of the working man who seeks to add to broad national service without much more his technical skill, to the student learning detailed information than we had about a trade, and to the executive and employer our national research resources, especially needing the latest information on defense those in technical and special libraries contracts, labor, etc. One of the out- as to their relative strength, importance standing instances of this is the series of and location. A library's geographical IZ exhibits that were displayed in the location in relation to defense areas may Los Angeles Public Library with portions be as important a factor as its collection of the same exhibits later going to the and service. City Hall. These were planned and Almost immediately, school, college, carried out by a committee representing public and state library agencies offered special, county, public and university their services to schools, which were librarians. Local firms engaged in de- adapting their curricula to changing fense work cooperated by providing conditions, to training centers and to models of bombers, displays of airplane vocational defense classes. In addition parts, small tools, models of plants in to providing books, periodicals and other process of construction, displays showing printed materials, they stimulated the the use of rubber, oil and other strategic use of this material through personal materials. These pointed up the books, guidance, exhibits, publicity and the pamphlets and library services used to preparation of book lists. In the sections illustrate the slogan "Putting Knowledge where defense industry is largely con- to Work for National Defense", and thus centrated-Connecticut, Cleveland, Michi- showed the steps in filling a request for SPECIAL LIBRARIES I3 information from its receipt to the final speed that ordinarily characterizes the use of the information in defense work. service-all these should be put at the Civilian defense was shown by a map disposal of the agencies that plan and of concentration districts; defense con- operate the local programs. Either as tracts featured services supplied by Com- Chapters or as individuals we should merce Clearing House; and the Armed become acquainted with our local defense forces were illustrated by caps and em- organizations, see that our special quali- blems of various branches of the services, fications are on record and feed such supplied by the motion picture studios. councils from our files whatever data is Here was a perfect example of utilization needed for their activities. As individuals of all library resources of a community. we might well volunteer to do reference The Business Branches and Industrial work on our own time when we discover Departments of several Connecticut li- some committee or defense project that braries are doing equally effective work needs help in our special field. through this medium. Our Connecticut Chapter is working with the State Defense Administrator on an idea for traveling At the present time, I believe there are exhibits to be planned by a proposed something like 6000 local defense councils Library Defense Committee, posters to be in the country composed of men and executed by the Yale Art Department and women of varying degrees of ability and printed and distributed by the State experience. They are charged with a Defense Council. These would go from vast responsibility for civil protection one community to another, remaining in including labor supply, labor migrants, each abbut a week, with the local library volunteer recruiting- and training, certain being responsible for the material to be phases of health, welfare, nutrition, displayed and for local publicity. housing and others too numerous to mention. Isn't it logical to suppose that these citizens would welcome assistance As special librarians, our first and on their problems? Denver sent word to immediate duty is to devise ways and each member of its defense council saying means to meet efficiently the increasingly that a member of the library staff, who heavy daily demands of our own organiza- would provide any data it needed, had tions, to evaluate our past policies, to elim- been assigned to cooperate with it. inate, if necessary, some old activities in Cleveland, San Francisco, Southern Cali- order to make time for new needs and to in- fornia, Baltimore, Newark, Queens, the crease the speed with which information is University of North Carolina have already produced to meet requests. But we cannot taken steps to set up information centers stop there. Special library techniques- and clearing houses in varying forms. the collection, organization and efficient There are two clienteles for such cen- use of ephemeral materials, the category ters-the public and the defense agencies into which so much defense material themselves. Some will serve one, some falls, our training to anticipate the demand the other and possibly some will serve before it is made, our expert knowledge both. of sources in a special field, our lack of As for the public, I doubt if anyone will red tape in getting material into circula- question the efficiency-both from the tion, our procedure of supplying the standpoint of officials and of the public- answer rather than the source from which in having one center in every city where the answer can be obtained, added to the questions will be answered accurately 14 SPECIAL LIBRARIES and completely. Uncertainty and lack suggest that we authorize the Chairman of information are often prime causes of of our National Defense Committee to hysteria. A little judicious publicity approach the proper authorities with a will soon teach the people to use such a request that a certain number of special center and if they can obtain the informa- libraries in a community be made de- tion they seek, no one need worry about positories for every defense publication their morale. and that these be dispatched immediately The service to the defense agencies upon publication. although slightly more complicated is Of course, New York may have to be a even more important. A center, where law unto itself, in this as in so many there could be found a complete, properly other matters, because of its vast size. arranged and readily available collection A single information bureau with the of all available publications relating to proper space, equipment and personnel defense, would add materially to their to serve the entire city may not be feasible effectiveness. Here there should be people but I think it should be considered by a capable of making digests of information cooperating group before the idea is pertinent to the current problems of the discarded. As an alternative, it would be various committees of the defense councils possible to set up a series of committees and of making it available for publication to function in every subject and field and distribution. Such a center would in which the defense council is concerned. not only save a vast duplication of effort These would all be coordinated through but would guarantee better, more efficient a clearing house, which would be the and speedier service by trained workers liaison office to refer the inquirer to the than could possibly be provided by volun- proper organization, agency or library teer service. and thus save him from going from one Of course, the centers must have the place to another. help and cooperation of officials at I said I was talking about Libraries Washington, particularly that of the with a capital L and I hope this meeting Office of Civilian Defense. This was is going to be the springboard which will demonstrated a few nights ago when Los bring together representatives from all Angeles had its first blackout and there the libraries in the Metropolitan Area was, of course, an immediate demand for to cooperate in planning such a center or the new O.C.D. pamphlet on blackouts. clearing house. Leadership consists Only 5 copies could be found in the entire largely in looking into the future, seeing city. The Los Angeles Railway Company, opportunities for greater service and in which carries ~,ooo,ooopassengers a day, working for their accomplishment. Let was unable to secure even a single copy us provide that leadership as our part in and had to telegraph to Washington. If the present struggle to guarantee that :here had been an arrangement whereby libraries shall function in a free society every defense publication were supplied and that our order of the New World automatically to a center of information, shall not be replaced by Hitler's New this would not have happened. I would World Order.

Emcrgcncics bavc always bccn nccc~satyto progres~.It was dark- ne55 wbicb prodwed the lamp. It was fog that produced tkcompa5.s. It was hunger that drove u~ to exploration; and it took a dcprcssion to teacb w tbc real valuc of a job.-Anon. Practical Hints for Reference Librarians By THOMAS E. KEYS, M.A. Rcfcrcnce Librarian, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Mionerota

NITIATES in the field of library the translating of papers, the verification science with or without a compre- of references, analytic surveys of the I hensive course in reference work literature, and the collecting of case re- may find difficulties in the proper fulfill- port~.~~~Most libraries cannot offer such ment of their duties as reference libra- services, so the librarian should keep in rians. Without a formal course in refer- mind Mr. Bishop's8 suggestion that :he ence work, the neophyte will find it hard reference worker should not attempt to to develop a complete understanding of do the reader's job. the field. He will also have some trouble Another factor which limits the exten- in organizing his knowledge, which essen- sion of reference work is the time and tial may be supplied him through the money allotted for the reference depart- excellent courses available in library ment. It would be ideal if libraries had schools. It is with the aforementioned more money, so that they could make the thoughts in mind that this paper has been most of the reference function. But even written. large libraries with well organized refer- Much of our interpretation of reference ence departments must choose carefully work depends upon policy and definition. the services they can afford to render the If you have a conservative conception of individual reader. Small libraries, wherein reference librarianship, and the library librarians are executives, cataloguers, policy limits your activities to answering reference librarians, order clerks, pages questions of an informative character, and what-not, must limit their activities you will have an attitude different from for the most part to the answering of fact- that of the librarian who is encouraged seeking questions. to promote a liberal policy and who looks The possession of adequate reference upon reference work as a means of inter- books is another factor which operates preting the resources of the library for the toward the success of the reference de- reader. In this broader aspect, reference partment. Although a good reference librarianship includes the cataloging and librarian may be able to do a competent classifying of books, the indexing and job with a limited number of reference cross indexing of the periodical literature, tools, the more aids in his hands, the the compiling of bibliographies, the better the chances for the ultimate suc- teaching of the reader the use of the cess of the reference department. Refer- library and its chief reference tools, in- ence books, for the most part, are ex- struction in the fundamentals of bibliog- pensive; but their purchase should be raphy and related subjects, in addition to encouraged. They are among the most the answering of fact-seeking questions. important books a library can own, for Reference work in special libraries may they serve not only to make available even go further to include the assembling the resources of libraries, but also to find of relevant data for use in scientific re- answers to fact-seeking questions by search. Some research libraries embody in means of which, so it seems, the efficiency their services the abstracting of articles, of a reference department is judged. 16 SPECIAL LIBRAdIES

As has been suggested elsewhere: a articles are published each year on this well trained reference librarian has a subject alone. To bring these figures up to splendid opportunity to aid the integra- date, the compiler would have to list tion of research. Research is of little some 40,800 references! The physical im- practical value unless a report of it is possibilities of doing this for a reader published. It is axiomatic that individ- necessitate asking a few pertinent ques- ually published research is of little conse- tions before the literature is searched. quence unless it becomes assimilated with The librarian should ask the reader to the body of published research in its par- limit the subject to the particular aspect ticular field, and is made available to the in which he is interested. The librarian scholar. Without modern indexing facili- should further ask the user what lan- ties and without competent librarians to guages he can read. Most library users guide the scholar, research would be of can read only English. If so, it is of little little significance and individual contribu- use to offer them books and articles tions to its literature would be lost. printed in a foreign language. Significantly enough the Army Medical When possible, set a limit on the num- Library5 has already cataloged more than ber of years for which it will be necessary 3,000,000 references to medical literature. to find references. For most purposes, a I have suggested a policy for the work search of the literature for a five-year of the department and mentioned a few period should be ample. Perhaps the opportunities afforded by reference work; reader is interested only in the articles next, what are the things that save the by a particular author. It is a temptation librarian's time, the institution's money to bring to the reader's attention more and contribute to the reader's happiness? information than he requests. I am firmly First the librarian must employ consider- convinced that this should be avoided. able tact in dealing with his patrons. At times a search of the literature will Tact amounts to finding out specifically not reveal any articles which treat specifi- what the reader's requests are without cally of the reader's subject. The next insulting his intelligence. The librarian step is to look for articles and books that should' carefully judge the problem and might have some relationship to the offer to help, if it is within his scope. If reader's problem. The librarian must in- the problem is beyond the librarian's spect such references personally. When comprehension, care should be taken in the librarian becomes used to reference suggesting the manner in which the problems, he can afford to be further answer can be found. In problems within selective in his search of the literature. the librarian's scope, an attempt should Experience teaches us that the worth of be made to induce the reader to be as certain journals is more than that of specific as is 'possible. others, and the efforts of certain authors For example, in my special field, medi- are more appreciated than those of others. cal librarianship, the reader might ask It is the librarian's obligation to know me to get out the "literature" on tuber- about the better authors, even at the cost culosis. To an initiate this might sound of reading their works. And here let it be like a reasonable request. Imagine the said that I consider it a duty of reference librarian's embarrassment to find that librarians to spend some time each day between 1893 and I932 in the 5,000 medi- in reading and becoming acquainted with cal journals of the world there have been the books in their libraries. published approximately 34,000 articles In using indices for obtaining references on the subject of tubercul~sis!~About 850 to the literature, it is advantageous to SPECIAL LIBRARIES I7 start with the newest index and work fundamentals of bibliography, prefer a:id retrogressively. Not only will this proce- be able to look up his own materid. dure give the reader the most recent REFERENCES references first, but it might also lead to 1 Ballard, J. F. Information, Reference and Bibliographic the discovery of a review article of merit. Service. Bulletin Medical Library Association. v. 17: p. 18-37. It is sometimes thought beneficial to keep July-Sept. 1927. 1 Keys, T. E. Newer Developments in Medical Reference bibliographies worked up on special sub- Work. Bulktin Medicnl Library Association, v. 26: p. 218-221, jects. My personal viewpoint is that this May 1938. 'Bishop, W. W. The Theory of Reference Work. Adam is not a good plan. Each bibliographic Library Association Bulletin, v. 9: p. 134-139.1915. problem, it seems to me, presents a sepa- 4 Keys, T. E. Op. cit. 8 Jones, H. W. A Consideration of the Future Relations of rate question which demands a separate the Medical Libraries with our National Medical Library. study. Eventually, the research student Li6rary Quarlcrly, v. 11: p. 36-45, Jan. 1941. ' Bulloch, William. Medical Periodical Literature. Re- will, through proper schooling in the viewed in: British Medial Jarrnal v. 2: p. 810-812,0ct.26,1935.

Special Libraries and the Needs of the Future'

By LAURA A. WOODWARD President, Special Libraries Association

OR some time we have all been ways is justified; that democracy has the aware that great changes are tak- ability and the devotion to carry us Fing place in business, in industry and through the shock .and strain of the in government. These domestic changes months and the years ahead. have been our most immediate concern, Such ability and devotion is not neces- but they have taken place against a back- sarily dramatic. Its greatest effectiveness ground of more serious ones in interna- may be found in the doing of daily duties tional relationships, of which we were less in more flexible and intelligent ways; in conscious. Both situations were serious seeing that behind the soldier in battle and both implied a necessity for changing there is as courageous a meeting of civilian attitudes and techniques. Only during the problems as those met in actual physical past three weeks have we even begun to warfare. realize how revolutionary and dangerous The service of librarians is traditionally these shifting relationships can be. The unspectacular but vitally necessary to threat to American civilization, revealed business, to industry and to government. in the events of December 7th in the Far Our training and experience place us at the East has taken concrete and definite out- liaison point between research and ad- lines. The present need of our country is an ministration in all of these fields. Our assurance that its long belief in democratic difficulties in the past have been those of shaping means to ends with the hope 1 Address delivered at meeting of Illinois Chapter of S. L. A. Monday, December 29, 1941. that as each need arises, our techniques 18 SPECIAL LIBRARIES will prove adequate. To-day, not only have conventions devoted to the subject; and we set these objectives before us, but we that among our standing committees has are also sufficiently self-critical to question been one on training and recruiting. All our methods of attaining them. This ques- of these efforts have been forward-looking. tioning has become more and more articu- It may be useful to review a few of their late and as a result, has evolved a definite findings. realization of our fundamental failings. One of the most significant reports in At a recent meeting of the Minnesota this period was that of Mr. Herman Library Association, Dr. Geza Schiitz put Henkel, who reported to the Association his finger on professional weaknesses: at its 1939 conference, the results of a "Unsatisfactory professional training, survey made by a sub-committee of our with its too great emphases on mechanical Training and Recruiting Committee of that routines; a lack of professional literature; year. (Proccedisg~of the Thirty-first An- mediocre leadership; and perhaps, above nual Conference of the Special Libraries all, the essential need of a thorough Association, 1939, pp. PI-P4.) His paper work-analysis, of library services. . . ."* concerned the kinds of training essential The fact that Dr. Schiitz' experience has to proper preparation for special library been that of the general librarian rather jobs. A rather comprehensive survey was than of the special is encouraging. For, in made, both of facts and opinion, in an too many instances special librarians have effort to determine and segregate "com- felt that they were voices crying in the mon denominators" in the field of edu- wilderness and that the words they used cation for librarians undertaking either were strange. We are realizing the need of general or special work. While his report common objectives in the profession; of was not final, he did discover a "surpris- cooperative and understanding thinking; ing degree" of agreement in regard to of basic principles in training and in prac- certain basic and essential subjects in tice upon which all can build vital service. existing curricula. Here was given factual We have needed to discover common basis supporting basic common denomina- denominators. tors upon which to build professional service. TRAININGPOR LEADEBS~IP Other papers presented at that time ap- Out of the confusion of thinking, even proached the problem from various points in the restricted field of professional train- of view and one of them foreshadowed ing, we are beginning to find some of work done by our Standards Committee these foundation stones. This means much during the following year, of which I to a profession which has, to a great shall speak later. extent, "just grown." In line with this continuing interest in We have learned much from the activi- training, our committee on Training in ties of our own and other organizations in 1940-41, with Mr. Francis St. John as respect to the limits of professional train- chairman, made a special survey of opinion ing in library schools; and what is more on the possibilities of various in-service important, of its possibilities and of the training programs. The results of his work factors in professional training which serve were discussed by an informal group of common needs in all types of libraries. special librarians, including the director of We are glad to know that in the past ten one library school, at a meeting in New years our Association has published in our York early in January, 1941. The recom- magazine, many articles on training; that mendations made at that time were in the we have also had sessions at our annual direction of flexibility in meeting local

LibqJOWMI. Dmmbcr I. xpqx. p. 1037. needs through chapter planning for dis- SPECIAL LIBRARIES '9 cussion group conferences; through library on this assumption to formulate seventeen institutes, which would present programs different types of services. These types on techniques and resources in special "were evolved from actual requests made libraries, suited to the inexperienced to the libraries of the members of the librarian but not without interest to those Steering Committee (a subcommittee of who have been longer in service. Various the Professional Standards Committee). other possibilities which may fairly be Awork analysis for each type is in process. included in the term "In-Service Training" Specifications for these analyses are laid were also suggested. The committee very down in Miss Morley's report. It is im- specifically emphasized the opinion that portant that this work be carried to con- none of these efforts should be considered clusion since it is the first attempt of substitutes for library school courses; which we know to reduce professional rather they should stimulate on the part requirements to basic standards which of those participating, a desire for formal will give the profession the needed com- training. mon denominators for training and for In its concern over some practical solu- library operation. tion to the problem of training for special Other points in Dr. Schiitz' address ate librarians, the Association has this year no less important;-the "lack of pro- drafted Linda Morley to head a com- fessional literature," by which we under- mittee which has a broader implication stand a lack of the sort of professional than those preceding it. It is called literature represented by Miss Morley's Training and Professional Activities. I work; and "mediocre leadership. " do not need to tell you of Miss Morley's own important professional activities. But you may not know that she has for May I say that I believe with Miss Alex- years been chairman of our Professional ander in a talk given by her before the New Standards Committee and has been con- York State Library Association at Lake cerned in a vital way with a probing of Mohonk, in September of last year, that the problem of training-again with the future of our profession may very well emphasis on the discovery of "Common lie in the hands of special librarians They denominators." I especially wish to call are of necessity alert to changes taking to your attention her report on the work place; their libraries are, again of neces- of the Professional Standards Committee sity, smaller and more flexible; and finally, in the (Proceedings of the Special Libraries as the needs for highly specialized research Association for 1940 PP. 215-217). The become more insistent and far-flung, the whole report is significant, though one demand for librarians with special knowl- would hardly suspect that fact, so little edge and adaptable techniques will be does it "shout." Here we find already in greater. If this be true, we have in our progress a forward-looking study of that own association all the factors necessary which Dr. Schiitz calls "the essential to adequate leadership. Such leadership need" in his penetrating analysis of weak- requires qualities of personal initiative, nesses in the library profession. It is no courage and intelligence, together with less than an assumption on the part of those of sound training and that indefin- Miss Morley's committee that the "type able something called "vision." If special of ~erviccgiven by a special library is the librarians are to qualify, they must be most practical common denominator and prepared to give of their time and ability largely determines requirements for per- to think things through as their contribu- sonnel, collections, policies and operat- tion to national needs as well as to the ing methods." The committee proceeded more immediate needs of our profession. 20 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

As a step in this direction, we are proud formulating a blue-print for future action that S. L. A., through a devoted and on this front, first under the leadership of able member, Emma Quigley, has had a Emma Quigley and now under the guid- large part in establishing the Pacific ance of Rose Vormelker. Now that we Aeronautical Library at Hollywood, Cali- have our machinery in working order; fornia; that our Association has organized now that we have certain well-defined 4 new chapters within the last two years; "common denominators" as a base from that more chapters are being considered; which to operate; now that we have 10 that it has published an outstanding refer- groups and zo chapters through which to ence tool and it hopes to complete the make effective our leadershipwhere shall initial volume with three more which we find our leaders? This brings us to the will do much to round out our knowledge crucial question of individual responsi- of Special Library Resources in both the bility. Americas; that it has taken the initiative The great strength of S. L. A. lies in in sponsoring an independent "Council of the fact that we are a volunteer, working Library Associations" where matters of organization. The ability and generosity common interest to all librarians can be of each of our members is without ques- discussed with a view to action. tion. Such ability and generosity carry The past two years have been devoted obligations-obligations to step forward in large part to setting our own house in and say "I can do this-or that." Modesty order through more efficient organization has no place in the face of the present of groups, chapters and the Headquarters emergency. There is a definite need for Office. For the first time we have a Pub- shoulder to shoulder working for solution lications Governing Board which under of the many problems of "library engi- Eleanor Cavanaugh's direction is develop- neering"; for the greater problems of ing long-range publishing policies-some- national effort towards a unified front in thing we have never before had. A Public this contest to preserve our common Relations Committee has done a fine piece ideals. Our Hartford slogan still holds- of work in analyzing our needs and in "Forward March!"

MRS. ROOSEVELT GIVES ROLE TO LIBRARIES Libraries throughout the nation are requested by Mts. Franklin D. Roosevelt to become a definite part of the civilian defense program. Quoting from a statement appearing in the New York Times for January 7, 1942, she says, "I hope that the librarians of the country will feel that they have a great obligation to help in civilian defense; first, by mak- ing available to the general public official literature on civilian defense, obtained from State and local defense coun- cils; second, by supplying to defense councils, on request, the specific information on problems as they arise about which they lack general knowledge." Mrs. Roosevelt, who is assistant director of the OAice of Civilian Defense and in charge of civilian volunteer par- ticipation, has assigned Miss Mary Louise Alexander, special assistant and library expert, to the task of placing the participation program before librarians. Our Bill of Rights- I 94 I 1

By DR. ALICE V. KELIHER

Assistant Professor of Education, New York University, Consultant to Office of Civilian Defense, New York, New York

S WE look over the Bill of Rights ble and to petition the government for a and recognize its fundamental redress of grievances. . . ." and further A soundness it may be difficult to guaranteed the right of the people:- realize what a relatively tiny band of to maintain militia people enunciated these ten acts of freedom to be secure against unwarranted seizure 150 years ago. Already the nations of to trial by jury Europe were old and tired and worn from to protection from cruel and unusual punishments retaining of rights by people and by the states . . . long centuries of battle and conflict but our little nation, hugging the Eastern This, as we know, did not finish the task Coast, was fresh and new. It was made of of guaranteeing fundamental rights of the people who came to these shores to humankind. It was a full 75 years later find freedom and the vigorous destiny of that we, as a nation, extended these rights the unafraid. They had fought for freedom to Negroes,-a tenth of our population. and their immediate parents and grand- If we find it hard to realize what a short parents had faced tremendous hazards in time ago this was, we have only to recall putting away their old lives and coming to that George Washington Carver, the great this country to found the new ways that Negro chemist, who is still making re- were their dream. They had come from markable contributions at Tuskeegee, was monarchies, from serfdom, from state ex- as a child, traded for a horse. Thus, it is in ploitation of the individual man and so this one man's lifetime that freedom has they dreaded uncontrolled authority of come to his race. This job is not yet fin- government over the individual. They ished, for we know that in our human dreaded, too, the marriage of church and fraility, there are parts of our nation state which had led to so many of the where we do not practice the Bill of Rights fundamental problems of the old world. with regard to the Negro. And so it was with deep thought for the Approximately 1x5 years after the sign- future of their children and their children's ing of the Bill of Rights women were given children that they set down these amend- the right to vote and more recently in our ments :- history labor was granted the legal right "Congress shall make no law respecting to bargain collectively for its welfare. an establishment of religion, or prohibit- Today our task is to fight off the despotic ing the free exercise thereof, or abridging attack of fascism upon our concept of the the freedom of speech, or of the press, or dignity and of the rights of man. We have the right of the people peaceably to assem- also the deeply fundamental task of inter- preting the Bill of Rights in our national Talk given before a meeting on Civilian Defense life so that it may come through this awful observing Bill of Rights Day, Monday, December 13, crisis with the strength with which it has 1941, sponsored by the New York and New Jersey Chapters of Special Libraries Association, the New survived the other ratastrophies of our York Library Club and the New Jersey Library nation. Association. If we find it difficult at times to see 22 SPECIAL LIBRARIE clearly the way, let us not be impatient to take from off our shoulders the crushing with ourselves; let us instead study and load of personal responsibility. We only discuss, and think, and visit so that we need to remember the states in our nation may know the actual conditions in our where people have been ill-fed and weary nation, so that we may see clearly what and where the Huey Longs and the Tal- needs to be done. Perhaps in this time of madges have sprung into leadership. gravity we shall see each other with open No, the Bill of Rights in 1941 must be eyes. Let us pray that we shall, as Eng- bracketed with individual conscience, per- land has, come to recognize the importance sonal responsibility and the will to take of everybody. Let us not be impatient at action where it is needed. It is not enough our own frailities, and let us not give way for us to have protection thrown around to doubts and fears. Freedom is a very our lives if we live meagrely and cowardly new idea in the life span of man. So far within the walls of those protections. The as we know, human beings have been mil- protections given us in the Bill of Rights lions of years in developing. Man found do mean freedom but freedom for something, his spinal column and set it upright; he not freedom from something. Freedom of discovered fire and tools, and wheels and speech with nothing to say is vacuous. very, very late in his history, truly in the Freedom of religion without souls and last fraction of a second, did he begin to spirits, burning like fire in living men, is discover the human side of his problem. no liberating freedom. Our freedoms are In this fraction of a second beauty has like solid treads of stairs under our feet; flourished; the dignity of the human spirit stairs that lead to development, accom- has become the Democratic ideal. But plishment and the cooperative building of like the lovely water lily blossoming on a better life. Freedom is not a vacuum. the surface, with its long stem submerged Gibran has said that were we really free in the dark water, our freedom has a long we would cease to speak of freedom as a submerged history of slavery, serfdom and goal and a fulfilment. Freedom is no end disregard for the human spirit. in itself in which we rest contented and When we realize the millions of people serene in the arm-chair of inactivity. Free- on the face of the earth who, within our dom is rather the means by which we move memory, have begun their experiment to towards those values that we in a Demo- find freedom-Russia and China-as two cratic society hold dear. When Old Jules examples, we see how dangerously new in thought of freedom he thought of it as the man's history are the habits of freedom. distance he could put between himself and We all know that when we face moments his neighbor. Today we are growing up to of hazards and' blinding insecurity, we the realization that freedom is disciplined, search unconsciously for the thing that vigorous and responsible. As we recognize gave us security in childhood. The gravest this, we as a people will come to have "the threat to man today, and how well Hitler Democratic conscience." We will look out- knows this and how craftily he has used it, ward, not inward, and in our efforts to is that weak momentwhen we lean on our make our coveted freedoms available to weariness and wish for someone else to others we shall find that they are brought make our decisions; to tell us what to do; more closely to ourselves. SpecialI Files in the Technology Depart- ment of the Carnegie ~ib:& oT Pittsburgh

By MARGARET J. GRIFFIN

PECIAL files are common to most Under the name of the company is filed libraries and useful in all. Each a card for each catalogue, bearing a S librarian has his own names for such classification number, the title, date, extraordinary aids in helping him more pages, size and an indication of whether rapidly answer those questions to which it is bound and has an index. Much the ordinary library tools afford no easy valuable information, which appears in access. A brief description follows of this form earlier than in books or trade some of the larger and more useful special journals, is thus obtained. The informa- files in the Technology Department of tion may include instruction, tests, prop- the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh. erties of materials and operation of A "Current Catalogue" is maintained equipment. which is most useful. Here, in arrange- Certain manufacturers publish what, ment duplicating the classified section of for want of a better name, are known.as our departmental catalogue, are filed "House Organs." Some of these also temporary cards for recent additions. contain much valuable information. The Temporary cards are filed only in the Technology Department receives about author section of the main catalogue, but 400 of these currently. Many others are this special file makes available by subject, dead but the files are still of interest. the latest material in the book collection. Separate card catalogues are maintained Permanent cards are substituted as they to make these available by (I) title, (2) come from the catalogue department and subject and (3) namesf the company. a new file is begun every five years. The "Reference Questions" file contains A file of trade catalogues was begun about the answers to the out-of-the ordinary thirty-five years ago. The old catalogues questions. The file has been accumulating are retained for their occasional great value over a number of years and often contains in patent litigation and in revealing the the solution to a problem which even an state of the art or industry at any period. excellent catalogue and many indexes The accession numbers of these trade fail to solve. catalogues have now reached about 17,5co A "Biography" file is maintained, con- but, as a single number may be assigned taining now about 39,m references to to a binder containing from 50 to ~cobiographical sketches and portraits of bulletins or catalogues, it is now prac- both living and dead figures in technical tically impossible to say how many and scientific fields. separate items are included. Two card A "History" file is kept in which refer- catalogues are kept to make this material ences are filed by subject to sources of available. One lists material by subject; information covering the history of proc- the other by name of the manufacturer. esses and products. SPECIAL LIBRARIES

A "Mathematical Tables" file contains contains over 130,000 entries. This file references to specific tables mainly in books includes the cards for the years 1917-1928 not classified in mathematics. during which the Department published A "Pennsylvania Geology" file con- the "Technical Book Review Index." tains references arranged by author and The Department has developed a system subject. for quick service with topographic maps A "Glossaries" file contains references of the U. S. Geological Survey. Each by subject. map is given a numerical symbol and the A file of over a thousand bibliographies approach is through a card file arranged of subjects in pure and applied science is (I) by names of states and (2) by names of another most useful tool. "quadrangles." On each card is pasted Patent searching by subject is a formi- the detailed information issued by the dable undertaking. To facilitate this work Survey when the map is published. in the fields of chemistry and metallurgy Though there are very few library cata- the Department has made typewritten logues of the extent and character of our lists of the numbers of patents by classes classified catalogue, it should be kept in and sub-classes. These extend from the mind that these special files reveal sources beginning of the numbered system through of information not to be found through 1933. either the catalogue or the other usual The "Technical Book Reviews" file library tools.

Editor's Note Since change seems to be the trend of the times, this issue of SPECIAL LIBRARIBconforms with the reigning spirit. It is hoped that the changes involved will prove to be advantageous to the readers of the magazine. Not only do we begin the new volume with a new cover, but in turning the pages it will be noted that four new features have been added. One is the revision, by request, of an old friend EVENTSAND PUBLICATIONS,edited by M. Margaret Kehl, New York Municipal Reference Library. So that this Department will serve everyone and include the material you want, Miss Kehl will welcome contributions about the indispensable writings, reports, etc. which come to your desk. Not only are notices of PUBLICATIONSwanted, but EVENTSas well. An entirely new Department is the FORECASTOF FORTHCOMINGBOOKS. We hope you will like it: Two subjects of pertinent interest to S.L.A. members today are NATIONAL DEFENSEand MICROFILMING.Each of these will have their own columns in the new set-up. Watch for them. The Editor will at all times welcome comments and suggestions on the magazine. It is her desire to include in it material which will be of interest and value to you in your profession. A. C. M. Council of National Library Associations

RESIDENTS of six national library ASSOCIATIONS; further, that the func- associations and representatives of tions of the Council be "to consider the P six others met in Chicago, Decem- relationships between the various national ber 28, 1941, to discuss the S. L. A. library associations, to facilitate the inter- resolution adopted at Hartford, June 19, change of information among them and 1941, recommending the formation of a to work out plans for cooperation in coordinating Council of Library Asso- activities. " ciations. Following a full discussion of the matter There was a full discussion of the resolu- of membership and representation in the tion together with the consideration that Council it was voted that the Divisions of there was already in existence a Joint the American Library Association be in- Committee on Cooperation between Na- vited to appoint representatives to this tional Library Associations. The result Council; furthermore, that the president of of the afternoon's discussion was the any member association, or whomever he adoption of the following motion which designated, would be its representative to it was voted should be presented to the the Council unless otherwise voted by his meeting of the Joint Committee to be held association. the following day: It was also voted that the Chairman of the Council should be elected from within ". . . there be created a cooperating Council of Library Associations, the objectives of which would the group. be to serve as a clearing house for information, a A discussion of certain projects of planning board and a coordinating board dealing national importance which need the im- with common problems of the member associa- mediate support of all library associations tions." prompted :he suggestion that the chair- At the call of President Brown of the man appomt a committee of three to American Library Association, the Joint consider and recommend such projects as Committee met on Monday, December 29, it deemed advisable and to consider pos- 1941, to consider the future of the Com- sible machinery for organization. This mlttee. Eleven of the twelve representa- Committee, composed of Herman H. tives at Sunday's meeting were present, Henkle, Sidney B. Hill and Milton E. also representatives from the Association Lord, as Chairman, will make its report at of College and Reference Libraries and the the organization meeting of the Council, Theatre Library Association. a date for which is to be set, if, and as Since the future of the Joint Committee soon as, a majority of the nineteen li- was intimately connected with the pos- brary associations (which number in- sible organization of a National Council, cludes the five A. L. A. Divisions) vote to the resolution adopted at Sunday's meeting participate in the Council. was presented immediately for consider- Action in favor of joining the Council ation. Much constructive thought went was taken by the American Library Asso- into the discussion. It was finally voted ciation, Association of American Library that the members of the Joint Committee Schools, American Association of Law recommend to their associations that the Libraries and the Association of Research name of the Committee be changed from Libraries at meetin s held in Chicago. the Joint Committee on Cooperation be- The Executive Boarf of Special Libraries tween National Library Associations to Association has since voted that S. L. A. COUNCIL OF NATIONAL LIBRARY participate in the Council. 26 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

National Defense News

Appointment Bill of Rights Day Mr. Herman H. Hcnklc, at present Dircctor of the The meeting on Civilian Dcfcnsc, sponsored by the School of Library Scicncc, Simmons College, Boston, New York and New Jcrscy Chapters of S. L. A., and Massachusetts, has bccn appointed Dircctor of the the New York Library Club with fourteen cooperat- Processing Department, Library of Congress, effective ing library clubs and associations in Metropolitan February I, 1942. New York and New Jersey, was a huge succcss~ One Mr. Hcnklc was born at Colorado Springs in IF, thousand people gathered in the Auditorium of the was graduated as Bachelor of Arts from Whitticr Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. Collcgc in 1918, rcccivcd his certificate in Library Due to thc war and the emergency on thc Paciiic Science at the Univcrsity of California School of Coast, Mrs. Roosevclt and Judge Policr could not Librarianship in 1932. He has served in the public comtbut the other speakers carried on. Mrs. Os- librarics at Berkeley and Oakland, California, and in wald Lord, Director of Volunteer Participation. the Biological Library in the Univcrsity of Cali- Region 11, outlined the great need for voluntms of fornia. He was Associate in Library Science at the many kinds and madc a plea for the coopation of our Univcrsity of Illinois in 1936-1937. Since 1937 he has groups. Mary Louise Alexander, of the 05ice of bccn Dircctor of the Simmons College School of Civilian Defense, gavc an ovaall picture of the part Library Scicncc. Mr. Hcnklc is amembcr of the present libraries should take in National Dcfcnse. This was S.L.A. Executive Board. followed by Mr. Hopper, who spoke on Public Librarics and National Defense. Library Binding-Important Notice Ruth Savord, whose paper appears in this issue, The Special Librarics Association has bccn asked gavc very definite suggestions for our part in defense to cooperate with other organizations to obtain for and suggested the immediate establhmcnt of centers library binding the A-10 rating under Order P-zz of or clearing houses for information. (Ed. Note: This S.P.A.B. As it now has bccn interpreted by Mr. idea is already bcing worked out. Details later.) Maury Maverick of the Division of Civilian Supply Perhaps the most inspiring address was by Dr. of the Office of Emergency Management, it applies Kclihcr, who gave a marvelous interpretation of the only to materials for rebinding old books and for Bill of Rights. Dr. Kelihcr's talk also appears in maintenance of equipment for tax supported librarics this issuc. and othcr public institutions. There has bccn evidence of material shortagc af- Victory Book Campaign fecting the binding of library books and magazines but in order to present a convincing argument wc Books by the million will change hands in thc shall need to cite instances whcrc shortages havc Victory Book Campaign which began Monday, Janu- affected special librarics. We should like to know ary 12, 1942, when readers in homes throughout the first to what extent ~criodicalsarc bound or books land will share thc books they havc cnjoycd with our rebound, and, secondly, what individual experiences soldiers, sailors and marines. members may havc had in bcing unablc to binding This Campaign, conducted by the United Service done bccausc of mater!al shortagc. Do you for cx- Organization, American Red Cross and many library ample bind soyo of the magazincs received or 15% Associations, including S.L.A., seeks ten million and what numbcr docs that represent of your total books for U.S.O. houses, Army "dayrooms", ships, list? Naval bases, ctc. Books should be taken to public Please send this information to us as soon as pos- librarics, whcrc they will be sorted, repaired if ncces- sible as the situation may soon become so critical sary, and sent on as quickly as possible to the spots that we shall be unable to get a preferred rating at all. whcrc men in the service want books. In many com- Mr. Phillips Temple, Librarian munities schools and othcr conveniently located Riggs Memorial Library places will be designated as collection centers. Un- Georgetown Univcrsity bound magazincs and newspapers will not be Washington, D. C. handled. Mr. Walter Hausdorfcr, Librarian Eleanor Cavanaugh, S.L.A. National Defense Com- School of Business mittee Chairman, has communicated with the various Columbia Univcrsity Chapter Presidents suggesting ways and means for New York, N. Y. S.L.A.'s participation in this campaign. SPECIAL LIBRARIES 27

THE COLLBGPSAND THE COURTS,1936-40; RBCBNT Events and Publications ,uDlcIA, D,IsIoNs .IGHER EDWATION IN THE UNITEDSTATES, (New York: Carnegie Foundation M. MARGhRET KEHL, Depdrtmmt Editm for the Advancement of Teaching, 1941. 126 p.. Apply)... Scarcely a day goes by without some question on This booklet supplements an earlier study by its the Wage and Hour Law, so that this pamphlet should author, M. M. Chambers-"The Colleges and the be extremely valuable. One library tells us it is con- Courts" (1936, with co-author Edward C. Elliott). THE ADOLHSCENTS'COURT PRORLEM IN NEW YORK stantly in use. How TO KEEPWAGE AND HOURRECORDS CITY; A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF EXISTING PROCEDURE UNDER THE FAIRLADOR STANDARDS ACT OF 1938. . . . Effective September 15, 1941, (U. S. Dept. of Labor, AND AN EMERGENCY PLAN,by Paul Blanshard (Society Wage and Hour Division, 1941. 31 p. Distributed For the Prevention of Crime, 42 Broadway, N. Y. C. gratis by the National Association of Manufacturers, 67 p. 15 cents) is a splendid approach to and survey of 14 West 49 St., N. Y. C.) shows employers how to a comparatively new venture. kccp records for employees entitled to the minimum ADVERTISINGBY THE STATESby The Council of wage and to overtime after the forty hour week. State Governments, 1313 E. 60St., Chicago, Ill. (Rev. Data as to cxcmption and records necessary for those ed., 1941. 36 p. $1.~)should be in the files of advcr- executives exempted, as well as preservation of Iength- tising libraries. of-time records is of special significance. ADMINISTRATIVEREORGANTZATION OF STATE GOV- ERNMENTS;a bibliography, was compiled by Grace Weincr, and is available for ten cents at 1313 East INDBXOP STATISTICALDATA AVAILABLE IN NEW YORK 60th St., Chicago, Ill. (Nov., 1941. 10 p.). STATBDBPAIITMBNTB, (New York State Division of MUNICIPALSis available from the Federal Deposit Commcrcc, Bureau of Planning, 1941. 107~.spiral Insurance Corporation, Washington, D. C. and was binding.) The Central Statistical Committee of prepared by the Committee on Municipal Obli$ations, the American Statistical Association, Albany Chap of the National Association of Supervisors of State tcr, is the compiler. Apply to publisher. Banks, Mr. Edward A. Wayne,Chairman and Editor. The first effort to our knowledge, to analyze thc (108 p. spiral binding). It definitely outlines credit facts actually kept and made available by each bureau surveys of municipal obligations as investments and and statc department. Sources arc given and the names should prove useful to all hanks and investors. of those responsible for them. It looks uscful, and Over four hundred references arc included in Levu- even allows space for changes or additions. UNIC ACID;A LITERATURE REPBRENFE,compiled by the Division of Research Devclopmcnr of the A. E. Stalcy Manufacturing Co., Decatur, 111. The thirty-eight The Municipal Reference Library of Milwaukee, page pamphlet is divided into sixteen headings rang- Wis. will send you a special report on salary and wagc ing from preparation to industrial application, with a trends in twenty cities, and St. Paul's cxpcrience with short introduction for each. cost of living adjustmcnts in the last twenty years, From the Civil Aeronautics Board comes a detailed for just twelve cents in postage. Note for other point to point traffic survey of air passengers, the cities-St. Paul has provided an eight point rise in routing, miles and traffic concentration. The three salaries for 1942 under its cost of living adjustment volumes are called AIRLINB TRAPPIC SURVBY,Report on plan. * * * origination-destination traflic for September, 1940, (Washington, 1941). Housing for Health (The Science Press Printing Co., INDUSTRIAL RBLATIONS DIGESTS on the 5llowing Lancaster, Pa., 1941. u~p.$1.~) includes papers topics-Policies in Adjustment of Wage Rates, Basic prcsenred undcr the auspices of the Committee on Training Policies, Upgrading of Production Workers, Hygiene of Housing of the American Public Health Grievance Procedures, and Selection Procedures come Association. The subjects included Housing Codes; from the Industrial Relations Section of Princeton Health Centers; Heating and Ventilation; Noise University, Princcton, N. J. (at twenty cents each). Reduction; Low-cost Home Construction; itc.

Busincrs Research Projectr---1941(U.S. Department of The Division of Research and Statistics of the Commcrcc, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Com- Federal Housing Administration, Washington. D. C. merce, Economic Series N16, Washington, D. C., has recently completed a revised edition of its mimco- 173~.m cents) is the second annual compilation of graphed Descriptia of Econmnic Data Systrm, including rcsc~rchprojects in business and economic problems the system of classificatiom used in organizing under way or recently completed in unitid States national, statc and city data relating to the demand educational or research institutions. and supply of housing. 28 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Have you received the latest copy of the old reliable * * * A~OMODILB FA^ AND FIGURES(New York: Automo- The Bureau of Urban Research was recently estab- bile Manufacturers Association, 1941. 96 p. Apply)? lished at Princeton University. It issued a six page This year's edition, the zyd, gives data measuring leaflet describing the Urban Reference File-an ab- employment of passenger cars by their millions of stracting service. owners as to necessity purposes, such as driving to work, business, marketing and so on. Regular sec- tions on car registration, production, sales, taxes and The leading article in the November 14, 1941 issue employment are supplemented by a section on the of the Assocration News Bulletin (Savings Bank Asso- industry's defense work. ciation of the State of New York) is by Dorcas Camp Along the same lines, the 14th edition of Bus FACTS bell, Librarian of the East River Savings Bank: (Washington: National Association of Motor Bus "Libraries in Banks in New York City." There is a Operators, 1941. 63 p. Apply) was issued at the close MANUALOP ORGANIZATIONof that library available. of the year. The National Resources Planning Board, Technical Papers # z and $3 arc of particular interest at this Two issues of Tax Policy-August and September, time. Technical Paper #z is a study of Natiml 1941 (Tax Institute, 135 S. 36 St., Philadelphia, Pa. Planning in Scltctcd Countries by L. L. Larwin (Govern- at zs cents) arc of special interest. The first is an ment Printing Office, Washington, D. C., r73p 40 excellent digest of the new income tax, corporation, cents) and # 3 survey Gains in Oil and Gas Productiun excess profits, estate and gift, as well as excise taxes, Refining and Utililation Technology (Published by the passed by Congress last summer. The other does a Board, Washington, D. C. Price ?). similar job for state enactments. The James Jerome Hill Reference Library, Saint Paul, Minnesota, was the recipient of the entire CIVIL LIBEXTIESAND DEMOCRACYby Margaret collection of professional books of the late Herbert Fulmer (A.L.A. Booklist, July IS, 1941. Part z. zs M. Temple, dean of Northwest Certified Public cents). It is often extremely difficult to suggest books Accounts. This collection is one of the finest private on these important topics which are not biased or accountancy and taxation libraries in the country, instruments of propaganda. Miss Fulmer's selection numbering nearly ~cavolumes. secms excellent since it does not confine itself to the newest or most-talked-of best sellers. JANUARY FORECASTS OF

For defense-The New York State Council of De- Forthcoming Books fense, State Capicol, Albany, has issued three pam- phlets: I. AIRCRAFTWARNING SBRVICB. 2. ~OAMZA- (Whtrc tbc publisher has supplicd tbc pricc TION OP AUXILIARY FIRE CORPS.3. ORGANIZATIONOP and a brief dcscription of tbc book, thesc bavc AuxILIaaY POLICE CORPS. The last two are the New brrn incluaed) York City procedure for air raid warden service and AIRCRAP~INSTRUMENTS, by G. C. DcBaud. Published auxiliary Ge service. (Apply for these-there may be by The Ronald Press Company, New York, New a small charge) York. Price ? The September issue of the New York City Police AMERICANHIGKWAY PRACTIC~, Volume I by L. I. Department's Spring jroo (10 cents) reprinted many Hewes. (Volume 11 will be ready in February important talks used for the air raid warden courses. 1~41.)Published by John Wiley and Sons, New Also recommended is a handy booklet by C. York, New York. $5.00. "An exhausrive study of Swayne, 778 Church St., N. Y. C. on WARGASES AND all highway design, construction and location." GASMASKS which digests what everyone should know ARMYOFPICER'S MANUAL, by A. C. M. Azoy. Pub- of xhis unpleasant subject-just in case. lished by the D. Appleton-Century Company, LIBRARIESAND NATIONALDEFENSE (A.L.A., Circu- New York, New York. Price ? lar No. I, November 15, 1941) is a new venture in- BUILDINGCONSTRUCTION, by W. C. Huntington. Pub- tended to supplement the A.L.A. Bulhtin with upto- lished by John Wiley and Sons, New York, New the-minute developments. So far the mailing list has York. 2nd edition. $6.00. "This volume, compre- been selected, but undoubtedly any library in a defense hensive in scope, is designed to familiarize the area can secure it by addressing the editor, Miss Julia reader with types of construction and with build- Wright Merrill, at A.L.A. headquarters. ing materials and their uses." SPECIAL LIBRARIES =9

COMMERCIALAIR TRANSPORTATION,by J. H. Frederick. Published by Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Price ? CONDENSEDCHEMICAL DICTIONARY, by T. C. Gregory. ENEMY WAR PlANES Published by Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, New York. 3rd cdition. $1~.00. ATTACKING THE U. S. CORPORATIVEEXECUTIVB.~' COMPENSATION CONTRALTS, by G. T. Washington. Published by The Ronald Described in Aerosphere Press Company, New York, New York. Price ? ECONOMICEFFECTS OP ADVERTISING,by N. H. Bordcn. PLANE MARKINGS SHOWN IN COLOR Published by Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. Price ? Photos and full descriptions: speed, cruis- ELECTRICALILLUMINATION, by J. 0. KRABHENBUEHL. ing and bombing range, armament, dimen- Published by John Wiley and Sons, New York, sions, equipment. Planes of Japan, Germany, New York. $3.75. "A well-coordinated trcatmcnt Italy of U. S., England, Russia, Canada. of illuminating practice as well as the basic . . . Know your enemy planes! Know friend from theory of illumination." foe! See the Aircraft and Engine sections of EmnRoN MICROSCOPE,by E. F. Burton and W. H. AEROSPHERE 1941, the 948-page world's Kohl. Publishcd by Reinhold Publishing Cor- aeronautical annual. With foreword by Gen- poration, New York, New York. Pricc ? eral Arnold. $10.00 (plus shipping: 30# e. of HOUSECONSTRU~ION DETAI~, by N. L. Burbank. Pittsburgh; Pgh. to Rockies 556; w. of Rockies Publishcd by Simmons-Boardman Publishing Cor- 75#. Add 1% N. Y. C. deliveries). See your poration, New York, New York. md cdition. book dealer or write or wire today to Aircraft $3.00. Publications, 370 Lexington Avenue, New MANUFACTUREOF SODA, by Te-Pang Hou. Publishcd by York. Rcinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, New York. md cdition. Pricc ? Be an air raid warden! MBRCHANDISI~GFASHIONS, by J. B. Swinncy. Pub- lished by The Ronald Press Company, New York, New York. Pricc ? PERMANENTAGRICULTURE, by W. Scott and J. B. Paul. Publishcd by John Wilcy and Sons, New York, Decidedly diflerent . . . New York. $Z.SO. "This book is writtcn from the scientific point of view; the trcatmcnt is conclse, accurate and as upto-date as possible." C.P.A. Review PHOTOGRAPHY:ITS SCIENCEAND PRACTICE,by J. R. Roebuck and H. C. Stachle. Publishcd by the D. AUDITING & THEORY Appleton-Century Company, New York, New QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS York. $5.00. "The book is writtcn in full detail and will find its biggest audience among serious By L. ~MARDER,C.P.A. students of photography of all degrees of prac- A Necessary Supplement To tical proficiency. With a laboratory manual of The Standard Required Text eighteen experiments. Indexed. Bibliographies at the ends of chapters, and a general bibliography Clear-Concise-Authoritative at the end of the book." Cloth Bound, Large Type, Extensive Index, SEBDIN~AND PLANTINGIN THE PRACTICEOP FOBBSTRY, 448 Pages. More Than 1300 Questions by the late James W. Toumcy; 3rd cdition prc- This volume is also used by accountants pared by Clarence F. Korstian. Publishcd by M a refereme book John Wiley and Sons, New York, New York. $5.00. "The enlarged activities of federal and Price $3.50 state governments and other agencies in forest Descriptive CiccuZa*.Sent Upon Request and shcltcrbclt planting during the decade just past have resulted in numerous changes in ac- CONCISE TEXT PRESS cepted practicc. Discussion of these changes is included in this revised cdition." 136 Liberty Street, New York, N. Y. SOCIAL ORQANI~ATIONOF THE WESTERNAPACHE, by G. Goodwin. Publishcd by University of Chicago 3O, SPECIAL LIBRARIES

Press, Chicago, Ill. $4.50. "This excellent account Authoritative Aviation Books of the social life of the Western Apache Indians places that group for the first time in historical BY THE INDUSTRY FOR THE INDUSTRY perspective and lays a firm foundation for further Baughman's Aviation Dictionary comparative studies, particularly with the and Reference Guide...... $5.00 Most-Used Aviation Terms: Baugh- Navaho and Chiricahua Indians.'' man-Gregg ...... 80 SOMEHISTORIANS OP MODERNEUROPE, edited by B. E. Aircraft Propellers...... 2.85 Schmitt. Published by the University of Chicago Aircraft Template Development. .. 4.00 Press, Chicago, Ill. $j.oo. "European historians The Aircraft Design Sketch Book -Lockheed ...... 3.00 of the last generation (since ~p)who have written the history of modern Europe are dis- AERO PUBLISHERS, INC. cussed with critical evaluation of their works in 120 North Central Glendale. California this valuable and needed collection of twentv- two essays by former graduate students of the Department of History of the University of Chicago." THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY STANDARDIZEDPLANT NAMES, prepared by American the largest chemical organization in the world. issues the following publications. Joint Committee on Horticultural Nomenclature, 1. Journal of the American Chemical Society. in cooperation with the Federal Department of Monthly Price. $8.50. 2. Chemical Abstracts. Semi-Monthly Price. $12.00. Agriculture. Published by the J. Horace McFar- 3. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. land Company, Harrisburg, Pa. $xo.oo. Semi-Monthly Price. $4.00. SURVEYING,by C. B. Breed. Published by John Wilcy 4. News Edition. Semi-Monthly Price. $2.00. and Sons, New York, New York. $3.00 "A prac- 10% discount on 1 and 2 when sent to the same ad- dress and ordered together. No diswunt on 3 and 4. tical book giving detail on the every day problems Subscriptions accepted for calendar year only and must he paid m advance m U. 9. currency. of the practicing surveyor!" UNITEDSTATES AND CIVILIZATION,by J. U. Nef. Pub- Charles L. Parsons, Bz&aess Manager lished by the University of Chicago Press, Chi- 1155 Sixteenth St., N. W. cago, Ill. $z.go. "History suggests that Western Washington, D. C., U. S. A. civilization in Europe and America has reached the end of an epoch which began with the Refor- mation and the voyages of discovery. The author is concerned with the role the United States might play in building a civilization worthy of man at his best during and after the present paid of confusion, turmoil and war." WAOEINCENTIVE METHODS, by C. W. Lytle. Revised edition. Published by The Ronald Press Company, 245 ..€NTH AVENUE New York, New York. Price ? NEW yORK CITY WHENEOYPT RULED THE EAST,by G. Steindorff and E8t*blished ~ate.1 K. C. Seek. Published by University of Chicago Perfect Minimum in 1902 Equipment ' w,.r -.--L. . of lime Press, Chicago, Ill. $4.02. "This short history of a short era relates the glories of the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth dynascics, and traces the beginning of Great Egypt's decline."

POSITIONS LIBRARIANS Expert Service on Magazine WANTED SUPPLIED Subscriptions for Special Libraries For Librarians well For positions of Write for a free copy of Faxon'a qualified for all any type in any Librarians' Guide. branches of library part of the country. Also odd numbers of magazines, work. This service is free. volumes, or complete sets. F. W. FAXON COMPANY 83-91 Francis Street The American Librarians' Agency Back Bay, Boston, Massachusetts WINDSOB. CONNECTICUT SPECIAL LIBRARIES 3 1 FILING & INDEXING Microfilming Notes APEX MATERIALS

The S. L. A. Committee on Microfilming and Docu- PAMPHLET BOXES mentation bclicvcs that what is most nccdcd now in microphotography, in addition to a really good low- Centralize and Protect Magazines, Pamphlets, Business Re. ports. Booklets and Loose Material. Save binding costs . . . priced rcading device, is for the library world and the Improve appearance of shelvesl reading public to be informcd about its potentialities. Toward that end the Committcc has worked for the past four years and toward that same end it intends to continue working. For this purpose space will be reserved in each issue of sPxraL LIBRARIES for timely articles or news notcs on various aspects of micro- photography. The Committee will also be glad to receive pertinent questions of general intercst through this column. Inquiries may be addrcsxd to Mr. L. H. Fox, Chairman, N. Y. Public Library Annex, 137 West 25th Strcct, New York, New York. Made of heavy cardboard, with reinforced corners. Green Late last spring Mr. Cibella, the first Chairman of Vellum fronts, leather pull and labeled to index contents. the Committcc, completed his Dirrctovy of Minofilm Low prices! Swrccr including photostat service, thus fdling a long felt nccd in this field. It was common knowledge that a few outstanding library and commercial labo- ratorics suppled microfilms but beyond that there was no way of knowing which institutions did so. The Directory lists a hundred and seven organizations equipped to makc microfilm.

RARE BOOKS Built for heavy duty in the busy library. Have wooden ends ON and edges. Cover and 0aps are hinged with DOUBLE strim of cloth. Covered with black and white marble paper. Label SPECIAL SUBJECTS and leather pull on one end. v WOOD END VERTICAL RICHARD S. WORMSER FILE BOXES 22 WEST a8TH STREET e of a car. All comers reinforced with NEW YORK '*'; :\>;y cloth and stapled with wire. I. ~onstnrction very A sturdy and well- adapted to continu- ous usage. Covered UNITED STATES with black and white marble paper. Combination GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS urd-holder and dg$gg:?::: pull at one end. The largest stock in the country under one roof. Write today for new More than 75,000 titles. Specialities: natural and folder of APEX Li- physical sciences, commerce, geology, ethnology. bnry Supplies. Will buy or trade your duplicates. APEX PAPER BOX CORP. The Luther M. Cornwall Company 2318 S. Weatern Avo.. Chloago 723 11th Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 32 SPECIAL LIBRARIES

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FOR SALE

American Chemical Journal (by Remsen): compl. set Analyst, The: compl. set, bound Annales de Chimie et de Physique: from beginning in 1789 to 1933 Chemical Abstracts: compl. set, bound Chemisches Zentralblatt: General register I-IV (1897/1916) VIII (1930/34)

BOOKS I EL ( PUBLISHERS

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