On the Ossington Strip

THE SUDDEN CHANGE OF AMBIANCE IN A STREET WITHIN THE SPACE

OF A FEW METERS; THE EVIDENT DIVISION OF A CITY INTO ZONES OF

DISTINCT PSYCHIC ATMOSPHERES; THE PATH OF LEAST RESISTANCE THAT

IS AUTOMATICALLY FOLLOWED IN AIMLESS STROLLS (AND WHICH HAS NO

RELATION TO THE PHYSICAL CONTOUR OF THE TERRAIN); THE APPEALING

OR REPELLING CHARACTER OF CERTAIN PLACES—THESE PHENOMENA ALL

SEEM TO BE NEGLECTED. IN ANY CASE THEY ARE NEVER ENVISAGED AS

DEPENDING ON CAUSES THAT CAN BE UNCOVERED BY CAREFUL ANALYSIS

AND TURNED TO ACCOUNT.

GUY DEBORD, INTRODUCTION TO A CRITIQUE OF URBAN GEOGRAPHY

BEFORE THE REAL CITY COULD BE SEEN IT HAD TO BE IMAGINED, THE

WAY RUMOURS AND TALL TALES WERE A KIND OF CHARTING.

MICHAEL ONDAATJE, IN THE SKIN OF A LION

TO THE RIGHT AND LEFT, AS WE PASSED NORTH, WAS A WET SWAMP,

FILLED WITH CEDARS OF ALL SHAPES AND SIZES, AND STREWN PLEN-

TIFULLY WITH GRANITIC BOULDERS: A STRIP OF LAND HELD IN LIGHT

ESTEEM BY THE PASSERS-BY, IN THE EARLY DAY. BUT HOW ADMIRABLY RE-

CLAIMABLE IN REALITY THE ACRES HEREABOUT WERE FOR THE CHOICEST

HUMAN PURPOSES, WAS AFTERWARDS SEEN, WHEN A PORTION OF THIS

SAME CEDAR SWAMP WAS RAPIDLY CONVERTED INTO PLEASURE GROUND.

HENRY SCADDING, TORONTO OF OLD

BENJ HELLIE

ON THE OSSINGTON STRIP

http://ossingtoncommunity.ca

First printing, July 2015 Contents

1 Introduction 13

I The coalescence of our urban structure 27

2 In the abstract 29

3 Simcoe’s aristocrats 35

4 A grid emerges 39

5 Summary and palimpsest 47

6 Consequences 51

II When our old buildings were young 57

7 The primitive era 59

8 The transitional era 67

9 The acme 73 6

10 Problematic sites 79

III How we grew up in and around our aging buildings 83

11 Shocks: through World War II 85

12 Steadying and stabilization: through the Great Prosperity 99

13 Slipping: deindustrialization 107

14 Swinging: white-collar urbanity 111

A Household maps 115 List of Figures

1.1 Map: Ossington: a rare north–south commercial strip 17 1.2 Document: ‘Denied’ yer, 2012 17 1.3 Document: ‘Let’s talk about Ossington’ yer, 2012 18 1.4 Annotated map: Toronto Ocial Plan character-protection areas, 2013 18 1.5 Map: Ossington in the New York Times, 2014 18

2.1 Map: Our area, toward the western margin of ‘Old Toronto’ 29 2.2 Map: Garrison Creek 29 2.3 Map: The Military Reserve 30 2.4 Map: Highways to York, 1800 30 2.5 Map: Our area in the War of 1812 30 2.6 Map: Ossington in 1816 30 2.7 Map: Plan of York, UC, 1817 31 2.8 Map: Dovercourt to Parliament north of Queen, 1818 32 2.9 Map: Blue Bell Tavern in situ 32 2.10 Drawing: The Blue Bell Tavern 32 2.11 Household maps: 1856 and 1861 32 2.12 Map: Development of Toronto streetcar network, 1861–1915 33

3.1 Map: Park Lots 16–28, 1834 35 3.2 Image: Pine Grove, imagined as in 1834 36 3.3 Map: Pine Grove in situ, 1851 36 3.4 Drawing: Pine Grove, 1888; Photo: Givins family, 1891 36 3.5 Map: The primordial Givins Quarter 37 3.6 Map: Southern reaches of ‘Denisonia’ 37 3.7 Map: Brookeld in situ, 1818 37 3.8 Map: Dover Court Road, 1851 38

4.1 Map: Our area, 1851 39 4.2 Map: Our area, 1855 40 4.3 Map: Lunatic Asylum and University, 1851 41 4.4 Map: Cedar Street, 1855 41 4.5 Household map: Argyle Street, 1879 41 4.6 Map: The Tully Compounds, in situ 42 8

4.7 Map: The Givins Gridiron 42 4.8 Map: Denisonia, 1855 43 4.9 Maps: Representations (and misrepresentations) of our area, 1872–1882 43 4.10 Goad’s: The Southwestern Quadrant 44 4.11 Goad’s: The Northwestern Quadrant 44 4.12 Goad’s: Our area, completed, 1890 45

5.1 Palimpsest: Geostrategic situation, 1815 47 5.2 Palimpsest: Topography and roads, 1815 47 5.3 Palimpsest: Land grants, 1834 47 5.4 Palimpsest: Happenstance, 1851–55 48 5.5 Palimpsest: Thickening, 1872–78 49 5.6 Palimpsest: Done, 1890 50

6.1 Diagram: Fundamental psychogeography 51 6.2 Diagram: A boring grid 51 6.3 Diagram: Short and long blocks 51 6.4 Debord’s ‘psychogeography’ 52 6.5 Diagram: Psychogeographic comparison: our area 52 6.6 Diagram: Psychogeographic comparison: Chinatown–Kensington 52 6.7 Diagram: La Dérive: very ne grain 53 6.8 Diagram: La Dérive: ne–mid grain 53 6.9 Diagram: La Dérive: mid–coarse grain 53 6.10 Diagram: Easy to access, hard to traverse 54 6.11 Map: Planning oddities: Givins 54 6.12 Map: Planning oddities: Argyle 54 6.13 Map: Argyle’s thunderous dead end 54 6.14 Annotated map: The Southwestern Quadrant: coy 55 6.15 Annotated map: The Southwestern Quadrant: isolated 55 6.16 Annotated map: Strolling: Argyle–Queen 56 6.17 Annotated map: Strolling: Argyle–Dundas 56

7.1 Household map: 1861 59 7.2 Household map: 1868 59 7.3 Household maps: 1871–82 60 7.4 Map: Fire hydrants, 1876 61 7.5 Map: Visual grain of the Toronto grid, 1878 61 7.6 Map: Givins Quarter slaughterhouses, 1889 61 7.7 Household map: 1880 62 7.8 Goad’s: Reliquary, south 63 7.9 Goad’s: Reliquary, middle 63 7.10 Goad’s: Reliquary, north 63 7.11 Photo: Firehall with clock tower intact 64 7.12 Photos: Boomtown, 1871, and saltbox, 1880 65 7.13 Photos: Boomtown, 1871, and rehall, 1878 65 9

7.14 Photos: Saltbox, 1879, and early Victorian, 1877 65

8.1 Household maps: 1882–84 67 8.2 Chart: Goad’s Fire Atlas rst records of Ossington buildings 68 8.3 Photos: Transitional period buildings, 1879 69 8.4 Photos: Transitional period, 1879 and 1883 69 8.5 Goad’s: First all brick buildings, 1884 69 8.6 Photos: Veneer construction, 1884 70 8.7 Photos: Veneer construction, 1890 70 8.8 Goad’s: A mysterious setback 70 8.9 Photos: Residential terrace, 1884 71 8.10 Photos: Residential terrace, 1884 71 8.11 Photos: Residential and commercial terracing, 1884 71 8.12 Photos: Commercial terracing, 1884 71

9.1 Goad’s: Last frontier, 1910 73 9.2 Goad’s: Primordial Givins Quarter redeveloped: 1884–90 73 9.3 Goad’s: Slaughter lands subdivided: 1893 73 9.4 Photo: Pine Grove out, Levacks in: 1894 73 9.5 Goad’s: Argyle pioneers out, Osler Playground in: 1910–13 74 9.6 Photo: An enigma: 9 Ossington 74 9.7 Photo: The beautiful 12 Ossington 74 9.8 Photo: Levack Block (the remaining half) 74 9.9 Photos: The acme, 1880s: 68–78 Ossington 75 9.10 Photos: The acme, 1880s: 121–25, 139–41, and 134–38 Ossington 75 9.11 Photos: The acme, 1880s: 148 Ossington; 1890s: 211–199 Ossington 75 9.12 Photos: The acme, 1890s: 225–213 Ossington 75 9.13 Photos: The acme, 1890s: 46–61 Ossington 76 9.14 Photo: Ghost of Levack Block: 100 Ossington 76 9.15 Photo: The elegant 120 Ossington 77 9.16 Photo: 190 Ossington 77 9.17 Photo: Turn of Twentieth Century 77 9.18 Photos: Turn of Twentieth Century 78 9.19 Photos: 1913–24 78

10.1 Goad’s: Decay: Argyle–Bruce and below Halton, 1884–1923 79 10.2 Photo: Sheds: 80 Ossington 80 10.3 Photo: Sheds: 114 Ossington 80 10.4 Photo: Sheds: 124–6 Ossington 80 10.5 Photos: Argyle–Bruce: 111–93 Ossington 81 10.6 Photos: Argyle–Bruce: 77–69 Ossington 81 10.7 Photo: Halton stacked townhouses 81

11.1 Map: Citywide population plots: 1879 to 1909 85 11.2 Map: Evening streetcar use, 1915 87 10

11.3 Map: Population density, 1915 88 11.4 Document: Toronto City Directory for Ossington, 1922 89 11.5 Photos: South end of Ossington, Summer 1920 90 11.6 Photos: Ossington and Foxley, Summer 1920 90 11.7 Photos: Rolyat-to-Dundas, Summer 1920 91 11.8 Photos: The long-troubling 67 Ossington, 1921 92 11.9 Photo/Diagram: Smallpox quarantines, 1919–20 92 11.10Photo: Decay: 133–29 Ossington, 1943 93 11.11Photos: Decay: 128 Ossington, 1940 94 11.12Photo: Decay: inside 153 Ossington, 1943 95 11.13Photo: Decay: 133 Ossington, 1943 95 11.14Photos: The long-troubling 67 Ossington, 1947 96 11.15Photo: Decay: 125 Ossington, 1947 97

12.1 Photos: Rejuvenation: Ossington and Argyle, 1958 99 12.2 Photo: Eastern Orthodox Cathedral, Shaw and Halton 100 12.3 Map: Ethnic enclaves in Toronto, 2009 100 12.4 Map: Little Portugal 101 12.5 Map: Portuguese as mother tongue 101 12.6 Map: Portuguese churches 102 12.7 Photo: Santa Cruz, Argyle and Dovercourt 102 12.8 Photo: St Agnes, Dundas and Grace 102 12.9 Photos: Unpretentious, liveable: 2013 103 12.10Photo: Micalanese parade, 2014 104 12.11Photo: Local craftsmanship: wrought iron 104 12.12Photo: Local craftsmanship: cabinetmaking 104 12.13Photo: Almond cookies 104 12.14Photo: Dancing durian 105 12.15Photo: Pho 105

13.1 Photo: End-stage decay: Queen–Ossington, 2006 107 13.2 Photos: Last days of auto repair and wholesale 109 13.3 Photo: Gloom and avante garde furniture, 2009 110 13.4 Photo: Baby Doll’s, 2009 110

14.1 Photos: From hulk to club: Levack Block, 2006 and 2010 112 14.2 Photos: From garage to brewery: 124 Ossington, 2006 and 2013 113 14.3 Photo: Bikers and pilgrimage, 2014 114 11

To the creators; for the sustainers

1 Introduction

1.1 What does Ossington look like?

P —or perhaps like a carefully-assembled arrangement of ivy-covered bento boxes:

Or perhaps Ossington looks like an aggregation of simple direct buildings evenly spanning over a century of utilitarian architectural gestures—or perhaps like a monotonous if well-proportioned series of Victorian commercial district buildings—or perhaps like a cute whimsical post-Victorian fantasia: 14

Or perhaps what is striking about Ossington is its irregular punctuation with sudden exits:

Does Ossington look old—or new? Have the decades enlivened its pastiche—or muddled and dulled it?

And what’s the deal with all the gardens? 15

1.2 Ossington is weird

I’on the table. No one is pretending Ossington is the Tuilerries, or Kyoto, or any such canonically exquisite urban paradise. In urban-planning speak, Ossington is an ‘evolved district’. That is a euphemism for ‘gently pre-owned’. But the perplexingly kaleido- scopic visage of Ossington involves a lot more than the ravages of time, or tacky reno eorts. After all, for your garden-variety beat-up old area, you can typically say what it looks like: namely, it looks beat up. But I think Ossington eludes attempts to say what it looks like. It is easy enough to say what it doesn’t look like, of course. Ossington is not: suburban sprawl; central business district; residential; Californian; European; a blighted post-industrial ‘browneld’; manicured; forbidding; cold. And I suppose those can all be negated—so Ossington does look: urban; neighbourhood- commercial; northeast North-American; functioning; functional; welcoming; intimate. But going beyond those generalities—to capture the style of Ossington—I don’t think that can be done. I can’t think of another place I know well about which I would say that. That is very unusual—and when this nally dawned on me, I decided I wanted to gure out why. And that is ultimately why I wrote this book.

1.3 Where I’m coming from

T as well, so let me back up. I tend to nd it easier to understand what someone is saying when I know a bit about their overall outlook. If you do too, read on; but if you are not interested in my autobiography, skip to the next section.

Just a guy . . .

I , or a historian, or anything like that. I am a philosophy professor, but this is way out of my expertise—so this isn’t an academic book. Here I am speaking just as a guy who did his best to gure something out.

. . . from Chicago . . .

I T, or even from Canada. Nothing special in this very diverse city, I suppose. But I make this point for four reasons. First, if I seem 16

to be surprised about something you nd just obvious (assuming you are from Canada), that may be why. Next, because I am from Chicago: while a lot of Torontonians I meet are under the impression that Chicago and Toronto are very alike, I think the dierences actually outstrip the similarities. Though this book will not be making comparisons between the two cities, I do want to ag a huge and fundamental dierence: in Chicago, it was always obvious to everyone where all of the streets were going to go; by contrast, in Toronto, local landholders put streets wherever they wanted: fully appreciating that was, for me, the key to my explanation of Ossington; the middle chapters of Part I tell that story in some detail. Next, because the explanatory structure of this book apes that of my all-time-favorite city book, William Cronon’s Nature’s Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West (Norton, 1992). Cronon centers his explanation of the nineteenth-century economic development of the US grain, livestock, and timber markets around the control exercised by Chicago business, which is in turn under fundamental pressures imposed by New York capital markets, together with basic facts of time and space. Cronon starts with rst principles: how time and distance inuence relations between the city and its hinterland in the abstract; and then imposes on top of this the fact that Chicago was a railroad center, and the railroads needed above all else to avoid default on their huge debts. Throw in contingencies of resource distribution—some prairie in Iowa, some forest in Michigan, and some pasture in Texas—and the rest of the story falls out inevitably. The canvas here is a lot smaller, of course. But I still thought it worthwhile to try to isolate ‘rst principles’: to say what is most generally important, and then impose on that the next grid, and then the next—until something like the data emerges. In my story here, the rst principles are geopolitical (the military situation following the War of 1812) and geographical (Garrison Creek). Those set up for the next grid: Simcoe, the guy who designed Ontario, was in charge of both preventing a second American Revolution in Canada and protecting against a US invasion. Simcoe’s knowledge of Roman history had him commission highways and fortications and establish a local aristocracy; wrap his plans around Garrison Creek, and the result is the pattern of primary local streets and the distribution of land-ownership. Throw in certain contingencies about the personalities of the land-owners and a few very early sales of small parcels here and there—and the rest of the story falls out inevitably. Last, growing up in Chicago gave me an instinctive appreciation for how cities, and their inhabitants, t together. For one thing, there are matters of ‘psychogeography’: what makes walking up this block appealing, what makes walking under that underpass enticing, what makes crossing that street aversive—I learned to read that sort of ‘gestalt’. For another, there are matters of ‘urban exploration’: there is always more to do, more to see, dierent vibes 17

to experience, over in this or that (to my mind) ‘exotic fringe’ region of town (to the people who lived there it of course was not exotic!)—I developed a taste for that sort of adventure.1 Finally, to state the obvious, cities are full of 1 Loci classici: Daniel Pinkwater, The Snark- people from a wide range of backgrounds—which adds richness to life. out Boys and the Avocado of Death; Martin Scorsese, After Hours; Mike Davis, City of Quartz . . . who appreciated Ossington . . .

MI T in 2005, set about house-hunting in 2006, and purchased a place on Argyle Street just o Ossington at the end of that year. The area was attractive for a number of reasons. We wanted to be downtown. We wanted to be near a park. We had gotten to know bars like Sweaty Betty’s and the Commie, and art operations like the MOCCA and the Angell Gallery. I grew up in a Victorian and wanted to live in one, and had noticed Toronto’s famous ‘bay-n-gable’ idiom and thought living in one would be a nice connection to our adopted city. But the rub is this. It had not escaped us that commercial streets in Old Toronto run east–west. I was worried that might become monotonous, but Figure 1.1: Red means a commercial dis- did not want to live as far east as Spadina or as far west as Roncesvalles. trict; the black arrow points to Ossington. (Toronto Ocial Plan map 18) So discovering the little north–south half-kilometer of commercial stretch on Ossington (gure 1.1) was quite exciting—and, given my predilections, it raised the question of what a half-kilometer of north–south commercial district was doing in this odd location. Ossington was in the main quite desolate then, in 2007. Softening this was the twinned Golden Turtle and Frantic City Books just south of Argyle— together with the Crooked Star up the street at Rolyat, that all seemed amenity enough. And as far as the desolation was concerned—well, Chicago is full of desolation as well, so I regarded it as a sort of spice. Inhabiting the ‘exotic fringe’ was all right by me.

. . . and deepened this appreciation through struggle

O S in our new house was when the Ossington hubbub began to take o: Levack Block and Foxley had set about renovating buildings, and from there it was only two or three years before Ossington ceased to be in any sense ‘exotic’. Not long after that—Spring 2012, to be exact—was the onset of the epic battle over the ‘109OZ’ mixed-use redevelopment proposal: the causal origin of this book. To make a long story short, I did a bit of thinking about what exactly was being proposed to be built (gure 1.2), concluded that it would 2 ‘suck the life right out of the strip’, and decided that the bad proposal should Figure 1.2: ‘Denied’: I try my hand at archi- be thrown out and replaced with something less oensive to my sensibilities. tectural drawing (Smart Growth for Ossing- My wife, and a number of neighbours and local businesses, also saw various ton yer, 10 June 2012: the title refers to this building’s marketing slogan) reasons for distress. We educated ourselves, organized, gured out how to 2 Toronto Star, 7 July 2012 18

do eective PR and to fund-raise, developed a relationship with our Ward Councillor Mike Layton and with the good people of City Planning (and, I note with some pride, set up the Ossington Community Association (OCA) as a body intended to provide our neighbourhood and its business districts with a locus of cooperation, discussion, and advice for years to come). Four points about this are relevant. First: one of the high points of the experience for me was the success of my ‘Let’s talk about Ossington’ yer (gure 1.3): an attempt at implementing a certain tone and visual aesthetic I arrived at through conversation with Michael Louis Johnson of the Commu- nist’s Daughter, a venerated bar just o Ossington on Dundas. This yer was posted in most shop-windows in the business districts, and brought out as many as 400 people to a 25 June 2012 community consultation meeting—such that City Planning shifted the condo’s planning application from the ‘routine’ to the ‘complex’ pile, and Layton was able to move a very important bill to Figure 1.3: ‘Let’s talk about Ossington’: my draw up an ‘Area Study’ for Ossington. yer brought as many as 400 people to a com- Second: the Area Study was successful in getting most of Ossington capped munity consultation meeting (Smart Growth at four storeys, with a small chunk (the ‘Argyle-to-Bruce block’: chapter 10) for Ossington yer, 18 June 2012) granted an additional fth storey—the rst character-preserving low-rise Ocial Plan Amendment in Old Toronto west of Kensington (gure 1.4). I found participating in the Area Study to be educational in many ways, but in signicant part for what it left unaddressed. Ossington is weird. What of it? The Area Study did not really get its hands dirty on that question. Perhaps urban planning can be done with the massively ne-grained attention to context I address in this book, but the rst stage in any such process is always

to abstract extensively. So I took away from this that the answer I sought was Figure 1.4: A notable asymmetry in not to be articulated within the standard conceptual toolbox of local planning Toronto’s Ocial Plan policies for protect- discourse. But if not that, what? ing character—though Ossington would re- ceive protection in September 2013 (Ossing- Third: the answer, and the direct impetus to do the research which eventu- ton Community Association graphic, 19 April ated in this book, came from City Planning’s Lynda MacDonald: MacDonald 2013, detail) informed me that what I wanted had to come out of a dierent sort of planning instrument entirely—the Heritage Conservation District. That is a very detailed animal, involving a much more intricate protocol than an Area Study—in particular, calling for an in-depth nomination describing the history and character of the nominated district. I got to work on that in Fall of 2013 (as of this writing, July 2015, City Planning is soon to roll out the walkaround we3 3 The Ossington Community Association, propose). So I hope that knowing this explains certain aspects of the emphasis with the backing of Councillor Layton and our aliates at the Trinity-Bellwoods and and orientation of this book. Beaconseld Village community groups A coda: a particular high point was reaching the New York Times in Summer 2014. Travel and decor writer Julie Lasky was working up a piece on a Toronto ‘design district’: she had been suggested to check out Corktown (about 6 km ESE of us), found it bland, and started walking west on Queen Street. Eventually she reached Ossington, went ‘what the hell is this’, and resolved to write on our area (gure 1.5). In her researches, she found a draft of my Heritage Conservation District nomination on the OCA website, and

Figure 1.5: New York Times map of our area (‘Four Square Blocks: Toronto’, 30 July 2014) 19

wrote my wife asking who had written it. Coincidentally, I was in New York on philosophy business at the time, so I wound up visiting Lasky at the Times: her piece was, to my mind, quite evocative; I hope to have contributed to this; and I have been inuenced in turn by Lasky’s take on things—in particular, her statement that Ossington ‘resounds with historical echoes’4 wiped away 4 ‘Between a Loft and a Hard Place’, New traces of doubt I had harbored. York Times, 30 July 2014

1.4 Who should read this book

I out of this book for any of the following reasons:

• Perhaps you too have an aection for Ossington. As noted just above, 400 people hung around a gym on a beautiful Summer evening in 2012 out of concern for Ossington. Moreover, thousands of people signed a petition to Keep Ossington Lowrise; and tens of thousands of Torontonians and visitors have enjoyed its blandishments and charm over the last decade—not to mention the further tens of thousands with roots in the area stretching back many decades—or the dozens of businesses which have set down roots here in this decade and earlier.

• Perhaps you are interested in Toronto. There are all sorts of reasons to be interested in Toronto, and many of them are reasons to be interested in Ossington: Ossington is very old, conceived and built long before York became Toronto, for reasons fundamental to Canadian history (and, consequently, our area was the stage of certain remarkable episodes in the war of 1812); Ossington has a somewhat well-preserved stock of architecture reecting various building booms from the 1870s to the 1910s; Ossington is demographically interesting, accepting a half-dozen waves of immigration since World War I; the principles exploited in my story should in many cases generalize over many Toronto neighbourhoods; Ossington occupies a unique position in Old Toronto’s west end, so my exposition sheds light on how the broader area ts together today.

• Perhaps you are interested in comparative urban history. Toronto is very unlike cities in the United States, which tend to be our paradigms for understanding North American cities. People on both sides of the border would deepen their understanding if they have accurate bases for comparison in hand. My sense is that the story I tell here is both idiosyncratic and in certain respects almost—but not quite—momentous: part of what makes Ossington weird is its having been set up to be of great importance, but of never having been in a position to actually reach that state. 20

1.5 Road map of this book

This book is in three parts. Part I explains the locations of the streets and laneways in our area: a key consequence is a characterization of the ‘function’ of this idiosyncratic grid. Part II explains the architectural development of the Ossington Strip in building-by-building detail (and of its environs more coarsely) in the context of the social history of our area in the nineteenth century: a key consequence is an explanation of why certain concentrated stretches of Ossington were completely (or nearly completely) redeveloped in the late twentieth century. Part III describes the evolution of Ossington over the last century, with an eye toward highlighting the interplay between built form and society. In more detail. Chapter 2 advances my fundamental explanatory principles: the topographical fact of the course of Garrison Creek; Simcoe’s delineation of the Military Reserve (on the contemporary CAMH lands) and of the western highway, the Dundas Road (contemporary Ossington Strip plus Dundas Street West heading northwest of it). I also discuss the very early social history of Ossington, up to 1860: as a point of interface between city and countryside, a trading-post or way-station specializing in livestock and meatpacking, and in supporting services: then as now, hospitality and vehicle repair. Chapter 3 discusses the Park Lot system: Simcoe’s donation to military bigshots of strips of land two blocks wide stretching from Queen to Bloor; I introduce the two families on whose Park Lots our area developed: the Givinses (Ossington east to Shaw) and the Denisons (Ossington west to Lisgar). Their very dierent priorities led initially to stark asymmetries in the sorts of very early land sale that would constrain the evolving street and laneway network, and then to a very dierent intensity of development on the two anks of Ossington. Chapter 4 describes the evolution of this network. The dierent times at which various regions develop inuence the ‘psychogeography’ of the street grid, as well as the nature and quality of buildings constructed. Chapter 5 pauses to summarize the argument of the previous three chapters, and to present our street grid as a ‘palimpsest’—a text repeatedly overwritten, partially erased, then again overwritten. Chapter 6 draws psychogeographic consequences from this tale: why our area moves pedestrian trac through it in certain patterns. I test these hy- potheses with ‘space-syntactic’ analyses of our street and laneway network in the context of old Toronto’s grid more-or-less west of Yonge. I nally consider the grid as an aesthetic object of subjective psychogeographic analysis, oering criticism and praise as appropriate, as part of an explanation of what our area does more and less well—and of its many ‘sudden changes of ambience’ and ‘zones of distinct psychic atmospheres’ (Debord). Next, in part II, chapters 7–9 explain what was built where when up to World War I. Chapter 7 discusses the ‘primitive’ era up to about 1880, and 21

identies a ‘reliquary’ of eight extant pre-1880 buildings. Chapter 8 discusses the ‘transitional’ era in the 1880s: a number of Ossington’s cutest and most peculiar buildings are from this period. Finally, chapter 9 discusses the ‘acme’: the period from 1888 to about 1905 in which Ossington accumulated its stock of high Victorian commercial district buildings—buildings of the sort establishing a normative conception of Toronto ‘main street’ architecture. The concluding chapter of this part, chapter 10, discusses a number of ‘problematic sites’: those sites no longer occupied by antique buildings. Some of these are one-o, but others agglomerate into identiable regions: particularly the half-block south of Halton and most of the Argyle-to-Bruce block. I argue that the contemporary challenges faced by these sites stem from their ‘early success’. Next, beginning part III, chapter 11 discusses Ossington up through World War II. I describe the intense vibrancy of the area in this period, but also highlight its considerable poverty and gathering decay: I provide analyses of a number of archival photographs to vivify the intertwined social and architectural history of our area. Chapter 12 discusses the post-World War II stabilization of our area, thanks to the agency of three waves of immigration: initially, from Mediterranean and Slavic nations; then from Portugal; and nally from Vietnam. I place special emphasis on the respects in which the values and priorities of these communities both benetted and were reinforced by the material resources of our area. Chapter 13 addresses the post-NAFTA phase of deindustrialization of old Toronto and its eect on our area: the notorious early-2000s period of shoot- ings and red-light activity—perhaps the widespread external conception of Ossington prior to its boom of the last decade—is traced to these broader economic forces. Chapter 14 concludes the book by bringing discussion up to the present day. I point to the apparent tenacious commitment to our area of its various immigrant communities, and discuss the bourgeoisication of our area as a consequence of provincial ‘reurbanization’ eorts. I conclude by prognosticat- ing: presumably our area will continue to do well what it has now done well for over 130 years, namely concentrate pedestrians on Ossington and circulate them around the neighbourhood while accelerating a wider-area ow along a northwest–southeast axis.

1.6 Methodology

I want to reiterate that this is not an academic book. Perhaps there is an academic discipline with proven resources for telling the kind of story I advance here—if so, I surely fall far short of its standards of rigor. Either way, I have been ying solo, and cannot point to this or that method to ooad my justication onto a broader social practice; accordingly, the reader may 22

appreciate some clarity about how I have arrived at conclusions large and small. I group this discussion roughly by my sources of information, with inter- polations explaining the uses to which I have put them.

Maps

Early maps and the Goad’s Fire Atlas My evidence about the order in which the street and laneway grid coalesced, and the progression of land subdivision, consists of these maps (all available either online—try a Google, or go to oldtorontomaps.blogspot.ca/p/index-of-maps.html—or in Hayes, Historical Atlas of Toronto):

• Miscellaneous nineteenth-century maps (in chronological order by the year of the survey on which they were based):

– 1800: Smyth, map of Upper Canada – 1812: Hewett, map of War of 1812 (published 1819) – 1813: Williams, Sketch of the ground in advance of and including York Upper Canada – 1816: Nicolls and Duberger, Plan of the Fort at York, Upper Canada – 1817: Smith, Plan of York, UC – 1818: Philpotts, Plan of York (published 1823) – 1833: Bonnycastle, No. 1 Plan of the Town and Harbour of York Upper Canada – 1834: Bonnycastle-Tazewell, City of Toronto: The Capital of Upper Canada – 1851: Browne, Map of the Township of York – 1851: Fleming, Topographical Plan of the City of Toronto – 1857: Fleming, Ridout, & Schreiber, Plan of the City of Toronto – 1858: Boulton, Atlas of the City of Toronto and Vicinity – 1862: Browne, Plan of the City of Toronto – 1872: Wadsworth and Unwin, Map of the City of Toronto—Tax Exemp- tions – 1878: Copp Clark & Co., Plan of the City of Toronto: Waterworks

• Goad’s ‘re atlas’ maps, from the years 1884, 1890, 1893, 1899, 1903, 1910, 1913, and 1924; and the Insurance Plan of the City of Toronto from 1889

The Goad’s maps depict the city in building-by-building detail, specifying the construction (wood, brick veneer, solid brick) of each building, and enable precise dating of buildings constructed after 1884. 23

Household maps But prior to 1884, no maps provide precise indications of where buildings were in our area. To determine this, I engaged the headache- inducing and painstaking task of extracting a sequence of ‘household maps’ showing who lived where from the Toronto City Directories for 1856, 1859, 1861, 1862, 1864, 1866, 1867, 1868, and 1870–84. The City Directories from that period listed the householders (with their occupation) on each street sequen- tially, noting any intervening streets or laneways. Starting 1861, directories for our area give house numbers for many residents; as of 1873, this practice is nearly universal. Because people typically do not move every year, tracking residents enabled me to track their residences, and therefore to date within a year or two of precision the construction of what I believe to be the eight extant pre-1880 buildings on Ossington (section 7.2). (Prior to 1856, the area was too sparsely populated for the directories to advance adequately determinate information about who lived where, but I did get rough information about the very early inhabitants of our area from directories for 1833, 1837, 1843, 1846, and 1850.) That was my initial goal. But I quickly found that the city directories contained interesting information about the social history of our area. From the contemporary perspective, we tend to think in terms of posh or sketchy areas on a neighbourhood-wide scale. But in the nineteenth century, people were much less mobile, and wealth and poverty were tightly intermingled: our area in the 1870s contained a small slum on Rebecca Street; just up Givins Street was a working-class area; and above Argyle was a wealthier stretch. Also noteworthy was a sea change, around 1880, in the way land development was conceived: by contrast with Argyle, Givins, and Foxley, which developed more-or-less organically over the decades up to 1880, Brookeld and Fennings were developed all at once between 1881 and 1883. I just learned that in 1880, the city eliminated a tax exemption on yards and gardens. Perhaps there is a correlation here! I include these maps as an appendix: they are intended to be a rough-and- ready resource, with no pretense to exactness.

Psychogeographic maps The ‘psychogeographic’ maps in section 6.1 are my creation, applying free software from Space Syntax to Toronto’s street grid. As I understand it, the algorithm distributes agents at random over the city grid and sets them along their way on random paths, assuming a certain level of resistance to turning corners: the more resistance is assumed, the more the agent is like a driver and the less like a pedestrian. The result is a representation of the paths most likely to be taken by agents with that level of resistance. In general, paths that display a lot of fast connections to other paths heading o in a lot of dierent directions are more likely to attract random agents than paths that display only a few connections. Combining these dimensions of variation, the series extracts a view of the areas most likely to 24

attract pedestrians out for a stroll, those most likely to attract pedestrians in a hurry . . . up to those most likely to attract drivers in a hurry. Obviously that says nothing about what is going on in those areas, or what people want to do when they reach their destination. But it is common sense that easily accessible places will tend to thrive, and therefore have nicer things going on in them which people are more interested in arriving at. And it is quite striking, to my mind, how well the maps capture the pedestrian/biker/driver experience in Toronto.

Secondary sources Together with photos of existing buidings, this constitutes my basis of primary- source information for the rst two parts of this book. My key secondary sources for that part include

• Publications:

– Derek Hayes, Historical Atlas of Toronto, 2008 – Lucy Booth Martyn, Aristocratic Toronto, 1980 – Henry Scadding, Toronto of Old, 1873 The third epigraph is excerpted from Scadding’s discussion of the Os- sington Strip as it was around 1860, on pages 372–3. The full passage runs: To the right and left, as we passed north, was a wet swamp, lled with cedars of all shapes and sizes, and strewn plentifully with granitic boulders: a strip of land held in light esteem by the passers-by, in the early day, as seeming to be irreclaimable for agricultural purposes. But how admirably reclaimable in reality the acres hereabout were for the choicest human purposes, was afterwards seen, when, for example, the house and grounds known as Foxley Grove, came to be established. By the outlay of some money and the exercise of some discrimination, a portion of this same cedar swamp was rapidly converted into pleasure ground, with labyrinths of full-grown shrubbery ready-prepared by nature’s hand. Mr. James Bealey Harrison, who thus transformed the wild into a garden and plaisaunce, will be long remembered for his skill and taste in the culture of owers and esculents choice and rare: as well as for his eminence as a lawyer and jurist.

• Samizdat:

– James F. Orr, The Pioneering Community Known Variously as: Higgin’s Corner, Sandford’s Corner, Blue Bell Village, 200? – Jon Harstone, Between the Bridge and the Brewery: A History of the Trinity-Bellwoods Neighbourhood in Toronto, 2005 (Harstone dates the Ossington Strip to 1800; my understanding is that it was not complete until after the War of 1812. Scadding: ‘Dundas Street was not, in that year [1806], yet hewn out through the woods about the 25

Credit’. Harstone may have been led astray by the period’s use of ‘Dun- das Street’ to refer to an ideal western highway rather than anything actual—so initially, the Niagara Road, which does appear to have been complete by 1800. In consequence, Harstone claims Asa Danforth built the Dundas Road—clearly Asa Danforth built the Danforth—citing his misreading of Scadding; and also accuses Scadding of confusing 1800 with the 1880s (Harsone, note 2).)

• Various Wikipedia entries

I did not consult tax rolls, or engage in abstract/title searches, in the main because I did not have the time to do so. As a result, there may be a somewhat greater ratio of speculation to certainty than would be ideal; but it is not clear to me that at the level of abstraction at which I have pitched the narrative, there is any signicant loss. And it may be that the added information would distract from the more phenomenologically-oriented narrative I have attempted to convey.

Oral history The key question for the third part is not development, but about the pro- portion of preservation, decline, rejuvenation, and transformation after the initial development stage. This takes us almost up to the present. For the later years, I rely on informal oral history—gossip, if you will—from neighbourhood long-termers; as well as on these secondary sources:

• Ruy Teixera’s several excellent urban-ethnographic articles on the last decade’s generational/ethnic shift in our area

• Amelia Libertucci’s OISE MA thesis on the background and context to the ‘Little Portugal’ community

Photos But prior to the 1960s, oral history is not available (nor do I know of scholarly work on our area in the mid-Twentieth Century). Fortunately, the gap between 1900 and 1960 is bridgeable in roughly twenty-year increments by two sources. One of these is the last Toronto City Directory available on line, the 1921 edition. This provides a snapshot of life on Ossington during an era many of us look to as the apogee of North American urbanity. Its information is backstopped by a trove of photos from the same period: in 1920, Toronto took over its streetcars from the bust private trolley companies of the nineteenth century. Part of the work involved surveying the private sector’s collapsing track network. Before–after photos from this exercise depict the bottom, top, and upper-middle regions of Ossington in 1920. Around this time, the city also took an interest in collapsing buildings. Some of the oldest buildings on Ossington fell into this category, as photos 26

from 1921 show. In the 1940s, this exercise took back up again, with old collapsing buildings still collapsing, and further additional ones on verge of collapse. A striking before–after series from 1947 and 1958 shows not only the repair of a building at Ossington and Argyle but a general leap forward in prosperity—gleaming late-model Buicks all around.

. . . Have fun! Part I

The coalescence of our urban structure

2 In the abstract

T O S (‘Ossington’, ‘our area’)—the bottom 560 m segment of Ossington Avenue from Queen to Dundas, and its surrounding blocks, from Dovercourt Road to Trinity-Bellwoods Park—proceeds against a background of natural fact, is set in motion by political events, and evolves within a complex set of constraints—including personal attributes of important initial gures, technological progress, broader economic forces, global population ows, matters of local fashion, and on and on.

Figure 2.1: Our area (in the red box), is toward the western end of ‘Old Toronto’ (TTC system map of 1928, detail)

2.1 Fundamentals

Garrison Creek Shaping the history of Ossington at the most fundamental level is the path of the now-buried Garrison Creek, which, heading upstream, cuts north-by-northwest starting just to the east of Fort York at the foot of Bathurst (gure 2.2). The Creek and its lled ravine hit Queen Street at the southeast corner of Trinity-Bellwoods Park, and run the diagonal of the park, exiting at Dundas and Shaw. Just northeast of Ossington and Dundas, this main stem of the creek is formed as the juncture of northeasterly- and northwesterly-branching forks.

Figure 2.2: Garrison Creek. Queen Street West cuts horizontally across the middle; Os- sington runs north just west of the creek. (Phillpotts 1818 Plan of York, detail) 30

The military reserve Fort York is where it is, of course, because it guards both the mouth of the Creek and the entry to Toronto Harbor. Lands to the west of the ravine and northward to the First Concession Line (today, Queen Street) were a military reserve until 1850 (gure 2.3).

Simcoe The most critical actor in setting the history of Ossington in motion is John Graves Simcoe, the British Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada in the early 1790s. Simcoe looked to the policies of the Roman Empire to preclude a second American Revolution: military roads with soldiers and ocers stationed nearby would protect towns; generous landgrants to decorated ocers would create an aristocracy with close ties to the military. Figure 2.3: The Military Reserve (Bonnycastle-Tazewell 1834 City of Toronto, detail, rotated 180) 2.2 Denison’s dogleg

W; we will return to the aristocracy.

Simcoe’s western highway Simcoe proposed and built northern, eastern, and western highways to York: Yonge Street, Kingston Road, and a road to Niagara (gure 2.4). The last of these—the last named after Henry Dundas, a British Secretary of State—comprising contemporary Queen Street eastward along the First Concession Line to Yonge, was begun in 1791 under the supervision of Crown Figure 2.4: Highways to York (Smyth 1800 Surveyor Augustus Jones at its western terminus and complete ‘at least in map of Upper Canada, detail) theory’ (Hayes, 22) by 1796 (gure 2.5).

O the grid After the war of 1812, the last of these was apparently deemed too vulnerable to American attack. The 1816 Nicolls map (gure 2.6) labels it as ‘proposed to be destroyed’, and sketches its replacement: this ‘upper’ Dundas Road was cut by the Queen’s Rangers under the direction of General Denison, and is rst represented accurately on the 1817 Smith map (2.7). Figure 2.5: Our area in the War of 1812 (Hewett 1819 map of War of 1812, detail) Denison was assisted by the pre-existence of an ancient First Nations trail along high ridge lines—thus the failure of Dundas to conform to the city grid west of Ossington. The route of Queen—then the Dundas Road east of Ossington—was of course predetermined by the course of the Concession Line. The dogleg at Ossington seems to result from the following: the need to link the natural contour segment with the concession line at some point; Figure 2.6: Ossington in 1816 (Nicolls 1816 plan of York, detail) the desirability of reusing the existing Garrison Creek blockhouse rather than introducing an additional crossing further to the north; the advantage from Denison’s point of view in running the linkage along the eastern boundary of his own land (more about this in the following chapter). 31

Figure 2.7: The rst accurate map representation of the Ossington Strip: extreme upper left corner. (Smith map: 1817) 32

Figure 2.8: Dovercourt east to Parliament, north from Queen. (Philpotts map: survey 1818, drawn 1823, detail) 2.3 The edge of civilization

T a remarkable situation for Ossington: a peculiar dogleg at the end of a highway into town; and yet not itself in town but rather dening a satellite region cut o from town to the east and north by a ravine system and hemmed in to the south by a military reserve (gure 2.8).

The relaxation trade Unsurprisingly, the area’s earliest enterprises were inns: Figure 2.9: Blue Bell Tavern in situ, bottom center of Park Lot 24 (gure 2.3, detail). the eastern corner of Queen and Dundas was occupied by the Queen’s Head perhaps as early as the 1820s; this lot was occupied by an inn or tavern continuously until 1924 or later. Indeed, an early name of the area was ‘Blue Bell Village’, after the Blue Bell Tavern located at roughly Queen and Givins from before 1834 to around 1852 (gures 2.9, 2.10).

Meat and vehicle repair Other very early businesses catered to transportation and agricultural trade: city directories reveal that from 1837 to 1845, William Noble xed broken wheels; in 1843 he was joined by a grocer and three Figure 2.10: Nostalgic 1893 drawing of the Blue Bell Tavern. butchers (the livestock trade would later become a mainstay of the area’s economy); the area of 1846 boasted a blacksmith, two provisioners, a single 1856 butcher, a teamster, and a carter; in 1850, directories registered three butchers,

John Fennell, Angus D MacDonnell builder a waggon maker, two smiths, and a provisioner.

Judge SB Harrison (Foxley Grove)

Kenneth McLellan, At the time, these traders, vehicle repair shops, and shippers amounted to boot/shoe maker Richard Murphy, butcher roughly half to a third of the local heads of household: the remainder evenly

John Matthew, carpenter

William Matthew, cooper

divided between a mix of gentry and professionals (about whom more will be —— Smith, William McClellan, brush maker labourer

John Keely, carpenter

J&T Trebilcock, butchers

said soon) and workers: brickmakers, carpenters, laborers (gure 2.11 (top)). Mary Scott, widow

Terence D McDermott,

labourer

Edward Coselow, labourer Dennis Duskin, labourer PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH James Dever, labourer

James Smith,

blacksmith

John Barton,

sarsparilla brewer John Dunn, cattle

dealer QUEEN’S HEAD James Walker, labourer Edward Reeves, Edward labourer

Lewis Bale John Anderson, store provisions John Allcock, waiter Persisting isolation In the 1850s, a toll gate was moved from the blockhouse Cornelius Williams, grocer at Queen and Gore Vale to Dundas and Brock. Perhaps as a result, the period after 1856 witnesses a gradual accretion of light/cottage industry locating on Ossington. Even then, though, Queen Street West was rutted and full of stumps, impassably muddy in the Spring, and crossed at Garrison Creek on a narrow bridge at the ravine bottom. In 1860, there seem not to have been more than 50 households in our area (gure 2.11 (bottom)). The development

Figure 2.11: Local households, 1856 and 1861 (City Directories) 33

of the neighbourhood awaited the arrival of the rst Queen streetcar line built out to Ossington in 1861 (gure 2.12).

Figure 2.12: Development of Toronto streetcar network, 1861–1915 (courtesy Jon Har- stone)

3 Simcoe’s aristocrats

Iwhere the eventual residents would settle—by way of inuence on the pattern of local streets and laneways—that Simcoe’s second policy, of establishing a local military-aliated aristocracy, becomes relevant. Simcoe proposed to do so by deeding large tracts of land to prominent ocers. These included very large farming plots in the countryside and choice house lots in the town center, but more important for our purposes are the famous Park Lots, suburban estates at which to enjoy gentlemanly pursuits at a comfortable remove from the city center.

Figure 3.1: Southern tips of Park Lots 16–28 (Spadina–Duerin). (Bonnycastle-Tazewell The Park Lots were 100 acre plots stretching between the First and Second 1834 City of Toronto, detail, rotated 180.) Concession Lines—between Queen and Bloor—but only 10 chains, or 660 feet, wide: the idea was to evenly distribute access to transport, vistas, and other amenities (gure 3.1); moreover, the property lines had been previously surveyed in 1792 by the Crown Surveyor, Augustus Jones. Our story unfolds on Park Lots 23–26: 23, from Massey to Shaw Streets; 24, from Shaw to Ossington; 25, from Ossington to Fennings; 26, from Fennings to Lisgar— though Park Lot 23 will not play a major role in this story. The Park Lots were deeded in the 1790s: in particular, Park Lot 23 was deeded in 1793, Park Lot 24 in 1796, and Park Lots 25 and 26 in 1798.

3.1 Park Lot 23: The Shaws

P L 23 was presented to Aeneas Shaw (who—contrary to Simcoe’s optimistic aristocratic vision—in the War of 1812 ordered an infantry detach- ment marching along Queen Street from the Don River to Fort York to halt at 36

Garrison Creek and defend Park Lot 23, thereby diminishing the opposition to the American landing: Harstone, 7).1 It stayed in the family for three further 1 Jon Harstone, Between the Bridge and the generations until Aeneas’s great-grandson, George Alexander, was declared Brewery: A History of the Trinity-Bellwoods Neighbourhood in Toronto, Trinity-Bellwoods a lunatic in 1855, allowing the Trust and Loan Company to seize the land in Community Association, 2005 1864 and the the following year sell the estate to John Crawford, developer of Crawford Street following 1883.

3.2 Park Lot 24: The Givinses

P L 24 was presented to JB Bouchette, a Quebec merchant and Lake Ontario naval commander already in the grip of mounting disenchantment with disharmony in the military establishment, resentful at the choice of York over Kingston (where Bouchette had substantial land grants) as the naval center, and beleaguered by scurrilous corruption rumors. In 1801 Bouchette cut communication with the central authority and was relieved of his post. In 1802 James Givins purchased Park Lot 24 from Bouchette—or at least most of it: see below. Givins had a rather better run of things. He was an enlightened and eective administrator of First Nations relations (the Indian Department on the military reservation, notably, housed John Higgins’s forge, Figure 3.2: Pine Grove its 1834 situation oering the service of sharpening shing spears and iron tomahawks). amidst ‘forest trees untouched by axe’, and ‘game & bears’ (1934 imaginative cartogra- phy, detail) The Oldest House in Toronto In 1804, Givins built a house at Halton and Givins (gures 3.2, 3.4). This Pine Grove was designed by William Berczy (Harstone, 9), a German who cleared 15 miles of Yonge Street and surveyed (and was therefore deeded) Markham (and later for his troubles was expropriated of these 64,000 acres by Peter Russell and the Family Compact). In the war of 1812, the Americans retaliated for Givins’s relations with the First Nations peoples by looting Pine Grove of £388 of goods, including all his family’s Figure 3.3: Pine Grove at the end of its long driveway, right of center (1851 Fleming Map, clothing (Harstone, 9). Givins died in 1846 leaving Pine Grove in perpetuity detail) to the spinster daughter Miss Cecilia Givins (gure 3.4, right), who lived there until her death in 1892. Pine Grove was accessed by way of a block-and-a-half long driveway, starting at the contemporary intersection of Ossington and Halton (gure 3.3).

Figure 3.4: Pine Grove, (left) front and (center) rear (1888 drawings); (right) Cecilia, Anne, and Henry Givins, 1891. ’ 37

The primordial Givins Quarter Park Lot 24 was under divided ownership well prior to the development of the neighbourhood (gure 3.5). As early as 1837, Givins no longer owned Park Lot 24 south of Bruce Street. According to some sources, the restive and sickly Bouchette had already sold o small parcels at the southern tip prior to Givins’s 1802 purchase; or perhaps Givins’s involvement with the military reserve directed his attention to the needs for, benets of, or prospects of commerce and activity at the southern end of his lands. We will see that this distributed ownership has striking eects on the contemporary street and laneway network.

3.3 Park Lots 25 and 26: The Denisons Figure 3.5: The primordial Givins Quarter (gure 4.2, detail). P L 25 26, by contrast, were under single ownership during the critical early phases of development. This land was owned (along with Park Lot 27 at least north of Dundas), after the earliest stage, by the Denison family, which seems to have placed considerable value on the assemblage of land. John Denison acquired Park Lot 25 in 1815 and the southern half of Park Lot 26 in 1816; around this time he had cannily arrived at the idea, noted above, of running the north–south segment of the Dundas Road linking the concession line with the natural contour segment along the eastern boundary of his own land. After his 1824 death the land passed by dower rights to his widow Sophia (neé Taylor) and then upon her death in 1852 to their daughter Elizabeth Sophia. In 1824, John’s son George Taylor completed the family’s assembly of Park Lot 26, purchasing its northern half (gure 3.6).

Brookeld John and Sophia Denison had built a house, ‘Brookeld’, near the Figure 3.6: Southern reaches of ‘Denisonia’ southeastern corner of Park Lot 25 (at the northwestern corner of Queen and (1851 Fleming Map, detail). Ossington) already by 1818 (gure 3.7). In 1838, Elizabeth Sophia married her second cousin John Fennings Taylor. They lived in Brookeld with Sophia until the widow’s death in 1852; in 1853, Brookeld was sold, apparently to the cattle dealer John Dunn, and the Taylors moved into town, settling on Berkeley Street.

Dover Court Brookeld was only the rst of the Denison family’s many villas on this estate. Of particular importance is the 1838 construction by George Taylor’s son Richard Lippincott of ‘Dover Court’ at roughly the contemporary Figure 3.7: Brookeld, northwest corner of Queen/Ossington (1818 Philpotts Map, de- intersection of Lakeview and Churchill (top center, gure 3.6). The family’s tail). extensive land assemblage allowed for a more ambitious shaping of the urban geography than was possible for—or, in light of his energetic pursuit of his duties in the Indian Department, perhaps even of interest to—Givins: most critical was the construction of the peculiarly laid out Dover Court Road, initially an L-shaped street crossing Dundas Road at two points to form a lop- sided diamond (gure 3.8). Dover Court Road comprised contemporary Argyle 38

from Ossington to Dovercourt together with contemporary Dovercourt north of Argyle (neither contemporary Argyle east of Ossington nor contemporary Dovercourt south of Argyle were present at this stage). (Less pertinently, in 1839, George Taylor moved from his ‘Belle Vue’ (on Park Lots 17 and 18 around Kensington) to ‘Rusholme’, just north of Dundas at around Rusholme Drive; in 1864, George Taylor III built ‘Heydon Park’ near contemporary Dovercourt and College.)

Figure 3.8: Dover Court Road (gure 3.6, detail). 4 A grid emerges

B1830, the fundamental patterns behind the contemporary grid are in place (gures 4.1, 4.2): Queen Street, intersected by Ossington branching o to the northwest at Dundas; the driveway at contemporary Halton to Pine Grove, itself located where contemporary Givins/Roxton is interrupted; a divided pattern of small land ownership between Dundas and Shaw south of Bruce and centered around the bottom end of Givins Street; the diamond-shaped northwest/southeast axis from Argyle/Ossington to Dundas/Dovercourt formed by the intersection of the crooked Dundas Street with the crooked Dover Court Road—which we will refer to as the ‘Northwestern Quadrant’.

Figure 4.1: Our area (detail from 1851 Flem- ing map). 40

Figure 4.2: Our area (detail from 1858 Boul- ton Atlas, plates 11–12). 41

4.1 Early arrivals, new streets

T for the settlement of the area. In the mid 1840s, the number of households would double from about ten to about twenty. Exact patterns of settlement here are not easy to establish, but City Directories of the time indicate that, by 1846, the middle class butchers and traders on Queen and Ossington have been joined by a small working-class cluster of laborers and carpenters in the Givins/Rebecca area at the southeastern corner of Park Lot 24. We will refer to the area bounded by contemporary Bruce, Ossington, Queen, and Givins, together with the east side of Givins below Bruce, as the ‘Givins Quarter’ (gure 3.5). The 1850s open with the January 26 1850 establishment of the Provini- cial Lunatic Asylum on the northeastern region of the military reservation lands—the contemporary CAMH site, of course (gure 4.3). Employees of the Figure 4.3: Lunatic Asylum and University (1851 Browne Map, detail). Asylum would settle in the neighbourhood, locating themselves along the now established class-based lines: a handful of keepers, cooks, and boiler remen would live in the Givins Quarter, while the Asylum’s 1822 born Engineer, Peter Trowern, had by 1855 settled at contemporary 22–24 Argyle Street (his 1879 house is visible at right, gure 4.4), where he would reside through at least

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

Robert Wills carpenter 108 Samuel Heal

the 1890s (in 1892 Trowern subdivided and developed that Givins–Shaw block carpenter

71 John B Read, Barrister

60 Widow of Thomas K

Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

vacant

59 Captain Harry of Argyle; he died in 1909). Moody

Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter Mrs SB Harrison widow 58 Charles Lindsay, city registr Groves

HALTON STREET

Over the 1850s, the number of households would double yet again. By 1856, Figure 4.4: Cedar Street, 1855 . . . (gure 4.2,

Mrs E Foster widow C 94 William Bell 12 JP McDonald clerk, attorney ofﬁce general’s

engineer

13: FredCharles Rose bricklayer Fraser,

detail).commercial traveler 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher the east–west ank of Dover Court Road has been renamed Cedar Street and 11: WJ Dempster baker Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist

Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 91 Edward Lemon George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer 7: RL Denison, asst J Donovan sr bricklayer cattle dealer secy Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR

5.5: James Weekes, carpenter James Kempt carpenter

92 William Logan bksmth 85 James Hooke butcher 95 Jesse Dunn opened by the Denisons for settlement (gure 4.4, left of image). An initial 5: Edward Clare, laborer Mrs Logan grocer cattle dealer

1–3 John Dempster, 81 Thomas Mundy baker gardener 94 John Dunn 81 John S

79 John Jones, Charles drover

blacksmith 90 George Robertson, tailor 73 George Keen, painter 79 James Crawford

John Hildebrand, gilder 69 Robert Young 82 John Keeler driver

cluster of eight working-class households on the south side of the street would carpenter

82 James Williams

stonemason 67 Frank Guest, messenger 80 James Sinclair clerk Ontario Bank George Wood, stonemason Wood, George D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer vacant Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow 1. Samuel Wallace, MD 1. Samuel Wallace, vacant vacant 3. Hugh Featherstone accountant

by the 1880s grow to fty, anking the street (gure 4.5). Peter Trowern Engineer 78 Henry Smith, painter

MJ Daniels, laborer Mrs smith fancy goods

70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell, 57 F Rodgers drover druggist/grocer

55 John Pearson butcher 74 Patrick Kennedy, 68 vacant

In 1851, contemporary Rebecca Street is rst recorded (gure 4.1). It cooper 53 WR Burrage publisher 66 Frederick Denman, laborer

51 John Pendrel grocer 64 Robert Verrall laborer 49 P McConvey drover

James Smith painter

72: George Stanton James Bowell GIVINS SCHOOL

47 vacant 56 John Pegg brickmason

bricklayer 45 George Wallis, John McCool machinist

70: Alex Smith, tinsmith 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR

appears to have been for many years regarded as a location of last resort: brushmaker 43 H Sherridan shoemaker 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, William Brown 41 vacant 44 vacant 15 John Matson builder vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 37grocer John Robertson employee central prison 40 George Coxon, carpenter

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 66: John Mathews, grocery 35.5 P Morrison laborer 38 William Levack butcher developed only by 1890 and before then inhabited only for strikingly short 35 Henry Ray butcher 57 John Nichols laborer 36 William Hall wool turner

33 JH Pattinson dry 31.5goods James Beilby grocer 55 Robert Thompson ﬁreman 53 Robert Graham laborer Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, 51.5 Charles Gooderham bricklayer brush mfr 51carpenter vacant tenures, its 1856 situants are an evanescent Primitive Methodist Church; a 31 William J McClelland, 49 John Verrall butcher Figure 4.5: . . . and Argyle Street,62 John 1879 Lambert butcher (City drover 47 Henry W Alford carpenter 45 William Verrall sailor 29 vacant James Thair painter 60 James Kain poultry dlr 43 Thomas Butler laborer Mrs Fisher widow 41: vacant Directory data). 25: Henry Mansell butcher 30 Wm McGowan widow, Mary Scott (who would bounce around the bottom of Park Lot 24 George Weekes, 28 David Torbot laborer carpenter 23: William McClelland butcher Wilson Webroom grocer 26 Patrick Wilson laborer —— Dunford Thirteen houses inhabited

Two houses inhabited Two 21: Charles Willman blind maker 24 Andrew H Mason laborer vacant 19: Jonathan G Keeler, 22 Peter Monegan clerk blacksmith until settling at 13 Ossington from 1866 to 1874); and a laborer, James Dever, D McKinstry stonecutter side entrance 20 Peter McBride laborer vacant 18 D McKinstry Theodore Zinkernagel, stonecutter carriage builder John Blakely baker O Grove clerk WF Jamieson, laborer Arch Locke agent

remembered in street’s original name Dever’s Lane (Rebecca Street was the

33: Charles McDermot 24 Henry Leach foreman vacant dairyman

Alex McClellan, carpenter

16 Willam Brown dry name from 1868 to before 1874 and then—after an interlude again as Dever’s vacant 21: Thomas McKen

Hans Johnson, printer goods 16 William Fillrey laborer laborer 13: Thomas Moran, laborer FIRE HALL

AND 12: Albert Barton

broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale 9 houses POLICE 11: Mrs John Barton, widow

occupants 11 houses STATION widow

Lane—again for good by the late 1880s). vacant the usual Robert Wilson occupants

vacant 824: vacant 758 Thomas Hook trader “contractor” Thomas E Scholes Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter George Steckles agent George vacant 42

4.2 Subdivisions of 1858

Sell rst, plan later

T 1858 B A of the area (gure 4.2), based on an 1855 survey, is extremely informative about early patterns of settlement. The most densely populated area is the Givins Quarter (gure 3.5). (An interesting resident there on Ossington just south of Rebecca is John Barton, who scrambled around for a protable business—rst brewing sarsparilla, then ginger wine, then trading in woolen yarn, then coee, nally settling into manufacturing brooms—doubtless not a high-value-added product—from 1867 to his death in 1874; his widow remained in residence until her death around 1890, after which their house was demolished.) Dundas just south of Cedar is home to a couple of laborers and artisans as well as the Smith family, who would Figure 4.6: The ‘Tully Compounds’ (top: g- manufacture brushes—the bristles for which were a byproduct of the local ure 4.1, detail; bottom: gure 4.2, detail). slaughter industry—for at least the next several decades (gure 4.4). We have just noted the working-class stretch of Cedar Street. And nally, Dundas opposite the head of the Pine Grove driveway—the contemporary location of a hardware store and lumber yard—is the location already in 1851 (gure 4.1) of a pair of apparently upper-middle-class residence compounds, serially inhabited over the years by meat traders, shoemakers, and professionals—including in the late 1860s Kivas Tully, the Superintendant of Public Works who had in the previous decade engineered Bishop Strachan’s beautiful Trinity College; as these will be important in setting the unusual interior geography of the Rolyat-to-Foxley block, I will label them the Tully Compounds (gure 4.6).

A Givins mini-gridiron The Boulton map also anticipates future patterns of settlement. On Park Lot 24, following James Givins’s 1846 death, some time in the early 1850s the Givins family set about platting out streets and subdivided lots between Halton and Bruce (gure 4.7). Cedar Street has broken through Dundas, running two blocks further to Shaw. Contemporary Halton Street is at this point Cecil Street, named after Cecilia Givins and situated on the axis of the driveway to her house at Pine Grove. Givens [sic] Street is established from Halton to Bruce, at its contemporary width—notably greater Figure 4.7: The ‘Givins Gridiron’ (gure 4.2, detail). than its laneway width below Bruce. Bruce runs through from Ossington to Shaw as an unnamed laneway. The inverted-T patterns above Argyle on the Ossington–Givins and Givins–Shaw blocks have been outlined, as has Argyle Place and its counterpart below Argyle on the Givins–Shaw block (now obliterated, along with the western segment of Bruce, by the Givins- Shaw School lands). Below Bruce Street, the property lines of the antique smallholders prevail (gure 3.5). The introduction of the nal component of today’s grid—the J-laneway behind 11–25 Givins—would await rst the late 1880s subdivision of that smallhold and then the twentieth-century snaking of 43

that laneway between 9 and 11 Givins and into apparently abandoned lands at the center of the block. East of Ossington, then, the street and laneway network of 1858 contains almost all the articulation extant in 2015.

A Denison fantasia

Accumulating constraints On Park Lots 25 and 26, the contemporary street and laneway network remains in signicant part only foreshadowed (g- ure 4.8). Beyond the L-shaped Dover Court Road/Cedar Street passage, the map deliniates what appear to be lines of subdivision drawn from the foot of contemporary Fennings to the head of contemporary Grove; from the foot of contemporary Lisgar northward most of the way to Dundas; around the cluster of tiny lots along Cedar; along contemporary Rolyat; and along the property lines of the Tully Compounds discussed two paragraphs back. The remaining streets between contemporary Dovercourt and Ossington below Dundas would appear in the following order (gure 4.9(i)): Foxley, by 1871, so situated with respect to Argyle as to dene a ‘standard’ residential block; Dovercourt below Argyle, by 1871 (but reected in City Directories only by 1875); Brookeld, Fennings, and Humbert (then Maple Street) with their associated laneways, by 1876, with Maple eectively the reection across Argyle of Foxley; Grove Street, and the laneways transecting Foxley, Argyle, and Grove, by 1877; and nally, in 1884, Rolyat Street and the L-shaped laneway transecting it and Grove—Rolyat could not be run through to Dovercourt because the land there along Dovercourt had been sold to the broker Angus Figure 4.8: Denisonia, 1855 (gure 4.2, detail). McDonnell already by 1856 (an 1878 Historical Atlas of the County of York misses this, and is a bit vague on other details: gure 4.9(ii); a waterworks map does a fair sight better: gure 4.9(iii); the rst map showing all streets in our area is from 1882: gure 4.9(iv)).

Figure 4.9: (i) Our area, 1872 (Wadsworth Map, detail); (ii) An area not exactly like ours, 1878 (Historical Atlas, detail); (iii) Wa- terworks in our area, 1878 (Copp-Clark Map, detail); (iv) All streets in place, 1882 (McMur- rich Map, detail). 44

The eventual arrival of ‘rationality’ The ‘Southwestern Quadrant’ bounded by Argyle, Ossington, Queen, and Dovercourt (gure 4.10) was obviously something of an afterthought to the Denison family: by the 1870s, when attention turned to its subdivision, best practices for establishing street and laneway networks seem to have become generally clear. As a result, the street and laneway network there is a ‘rationally conceived’ grid delineating residential blocks of an emerging standard throughout Toronto’s Victorian neighbourhoods—even if the laneways platted out in that area are strikingly pokey, particularly by comparison with those prevailing on Park Lot 24. Figure 4.10: The Southwestern Quadrant (g- ure 4.12, detail).

Prerational urban geography By contrast, the Northwestern Quadrant street and laneway network is, by Toronto standards, bizarre (gure 4.11). The awkward diamond shape stemming from the slant of Dundas together with existing large properties around which the peculiarly asymmetric lines of subdivision had to be drawn led to some striking anomalies: Rolyat, a subsidiary street, ows only into the subsidiary street Grove; one lot o Grove Street is entrirely surrounded by the forks of a Y-shaped laneway; contemporary Skey Lane above Foxley meanders and forks; perhaps strangest of all is the ‘laneway island’ rooted in the lot-lines of the Tully Compounds on the Grove– Figure 4.11: The Northwestern Quadrant Rolyat–Ossington–Foxley block, a block of land not directly accessible directly above Foxley (gure 4.12, detail). from any street, the contemporary location of—of all things, surrounded on three sides by residential lands—a lumberyard. 45

Figure 4.12: Our area, completed (1890 Goad’s Fire Atlas, detail).

5 Summary and palimpsest

T I is this: how did the streets and laneways in our area come to be distributed in such a seemingly haphazard manner? The series of gures in this chapter summarizes my explanation:

• Of fundamental importance are the British military’s conception, post-War Figure 5.1: Fundamentals: abstract geostrate- of 1812, of the geostrategic role of our area; along with the topography and gic situation, 1815. the primary transportation ows.

– Figure 5.1 displays the bare geostrategic parameters as of 1815: left to right, note the Niagara Road ‘proposed to be destroyed’; the diagonal course of contemporary Dundas West marked ‘to Cooper’s Mills and River Humber’; ‘Major Givins’s House’; ‘Mr. Shaw’s House’; Garrison Creek; ‘Ravine Blockhouse’. – Figure 5.2 overlays a more accurate 1815 survey: note the prominent Garrison Creek and its ravine; and the Simcoe Highway: the Ossington Strip, represented as improved, linking Lot Street with the Dundas Road, winding o to the northwest. Other noteworthy features: below the creek fork, the Givins family’s Pine Grove; to its south, apparently distributed land holdings of the Givins Quarter; to the west of that, the Denison family’s tiny Brookeld. Figure 5.2: Fundamentals: topography and roads, 1815.

• Of the next level of signicance are the large-scale initial grants of local land: the Military Reserve, to our south; and the ‘Park Lot’ system of land distribution—local barons deeded long thin strips of land with which they might do literally anything; any sort of intelligibility/coherence/eciency in the urban fabric was given exactly zero weight (or, presumably, thought): gure 5.3 overlays the military reserve below Queen and the Park Lots above, as of 1834.

• Unsurprisingly, given the Park Lot system, chaos set in early. Maps from the early 1850s show the initial lot lines and local streets rst on the west ank and slightly later on the east ank:

Figure 5.3: Land grants: the Military Reserve and Park Lots, 1834 48

– Figure 5.4(l) overlays a mix of features (topography, roads, land use, prominent buildings, lot lines) as of 1851. Note the Northwest Quadrant cut out by Dover Court Road; the primordial Givins Quarter subdivided, with Rebecca Street and the southern extremes of Givins Street visible; otherwise nothing doing on the eastern ank up to the Pine Grove driveway; across Ossington from the Pine Grove driveway, note the Tully Compounds with their weirdly subdivided hinterlands, the site of the contemporary laneway island; note lines of subdivision along contemporary Foxley, Humbert, and Fennings, and most of Grove—as well as the Angus MacDonell property along contemporary Dovercourt which would, a few decades on, interrupt Rolyat (not visible at this point); the just-built Provincial Lunatic Asylum.

– Figure 5.4(r) shows the Givinses getting into subdivision in a big way by 1855—note all extant streets and laneways between Argyle and Halton, as well as the extant grid southwest of Argyle and Givins; Bruce a nameless laneway then running through to Shaw; Rebecca, then as now, in light of very early land division, a mere one block long.

Figure 5.4: Happenstance: Left: 1851: Deniso- nia subdivides (overlaying gure 4.1). Right: • It would be two decades still until the neighbourhood started to thicken 1855: Givenses subdivide (overlaying g- ure 4.2). out:

– Figure 5.5(l) shows Argyle/Ossington conceived of in 1872 as the crux of the developing area: Foxley and Humbert bounding ne subdivision north and south of Argyle in Denisonia. Note also that the L-shaped Dovercourt Road folly has by now been rationalized, running south to Queen. 49

– Figure 5.5(r) displays the waterworks built by 1878 to accommodate the many newcomers to settle along Fennings and the nameless Brookeld; Grove sketched in.

Figure 5.5: Thickening: Left: 1872: the Ar- gyle/Ossington crux. Right: 1878: Water- • By 1890 the last details (save the ‘J’-laneway east of Givins south of Bruce) works and increasing determinacy. were in place: see gure 5.6. The central remaining question had been how to precisify the region north of Foxley: Rolyat would be squeezed in between the triangular sliver south of Dundas and the old lot lines of the Tully Compounds, but was prevented from running to Dovercourt by the MacDonnell lands. 50

Figure 5.6: Done: 1890: (nearly) all streets and laneways in place, with Rolyat squeezed in above the Tully Compounds and behind the MacDonnell lands 6 Consequences

6.1 Gross psychogeography

The fundamental northwest–southeast axis The earliest developing regions of the neighbourhood, then, were the Givins Quarter and the Northwestern Quadrant (gure 4.2). This early development resulted in an especially dense network of streets and laneways in each of these regions—for the Givins Figure 6.1: The fundamental northwest– Quarter, out of an ancient division of land among distributed smallholders southeast axis (red), overlain with urban geo- graphic ows: major streets (green), local (gure 3.5); for the Northwestern Quadrant, out of an initially piecemeal axes (yellow), and ne-grained pathways (gure 4.6) and eventually somewhat whimsical (gure 4.9) early approach to (blue) the subdivision of land adopted by a single large landowner. The neighbourhood was already characterized by a fundamental northwest– southeast axis thanks to the natural ow of Garrison Creek (gure 2.2), itself strongly reinforced by the Dundas Road (gure 2.6). This axis was reinforced by the intricate network of initially-settled streets and laneways at a very ne level of grain (gure 6.1).

An adventitious nexus of pedestrianism The superimposition of this o-axis spatial ow over the north–south direction of Ossington and the roughly per- pendicular ows of Queen and Dundas opens up possibilities for pedestrian movement not ordinarily available in canonical Victorian Toronto. The canonical pattern involves a large number of low-intensity residential-to-commercial transitions (typically along a north–south axis) owing into a single perpen- Figure 6.2: A boring grid: east of Trinity Park. dicular high-intensity commercial-or-commuter conduit (typically along an east–west axis: gure 6.2). Jane Jacobs stresses the importance to the pedestrian experience of dense street networks: walking the same way every time is boring, making venturing out of doors faintly aversive; having a choice of many paths keeps day-to-day Figure 6.3: Short and long blocks: Jane Ja- pedestrian duties fresh, drawing one into the public realm (gure 6.3). Appeal- cobs, The Death and Life of Great American ing spaces concentrate pedestrians and amenities serving them or employers Cities (1961). drawing on them in a positive feedback cycle. Both neighbourhood and street would benet. The neighbourhood is swiftly navigable; an exceptional ow of pedestrians along its residential streets creates a daytime liveliness and 52

nighttime safety not frequently replicated. Ossington would soon, over the nineteenth and early twentieth century, develop an exceptionally dense prole of producers and providers; in recent years, this concentration returned with striking rapidity and success under the guise of the city as leisure ground.

Measuring ‘psychogeography’

T ‘’ on which Jacobs’s analysis rests had been theorized in the 1940s by the Lettrists and then the Situ- Figure 6.4: Guy Debord, Guide Psycho- ationists: my Debord epigraph calls for building psychogeography into our geographique de Paris (1957). understanding of cities. Debord sought to measure psychogeography with ‘la Deive’, a practice of ‘aimless rambling’ (gure 6.4). Which parts of the West Side are most ‘pedestrian-friendly’?1 Pedestrians 1 Software from the London group Space Syn- are moving along a path, so the question is which paths through the West Side tax highlights psychogeography by trans- forming maps to illustrate naturally attrac- are most attractive to pedestrians. Pedestrians are also people walking—people tive paths at reciprocally varying levels of in dierent casts of mind, which inuence how attractive a given path is. speed and attentiveness to surroundings. Fig- ures 6.7–6.9 display the Space Syntax of Figures 6.7(l) to 6.9(r) represent paths attractive to a progression of casts of Toronto’s West Side: lower left, High Park; mind: at the outset is a highly distractable state of openness to the environ- upper left, Dupont/Dundas; upper right, ment (walking the dog, perhaps); at the conclusion is a highly purposive state Yorkville; lower right, the bay, south of John Street. prioritizing rapid movement (driving, perhaps). The ‘pedestrian’ perspective on the West End is perhaps best represented in gures 6.7(r) and 6.8(l): the former perspective that of the local resident on the way to visit a neighbour or enjoy a Summer evening; the latter of a visitor exploring the locality afresh on foot, maybe on a pub crawl. Our area is below the easily identied Dundas Bend. Throughout gures 6.7 and 6.8, our area is strikingly central as a nexus attracting and radiating active transportation (gure 6.5)—with only Chinatown–Kensington, visible at right

in gure 6.7(r), comparable in internal connections (gure 6.6). (There are, of Figure 6.5: Dundas/Dovercourt, down course, dierences: the signicantly larger scale of Chinatown–Kensington through our area, to Trinity-Bellwoods Park— makes it generally less permeable than our area. Needless to say, Chinatown– overlaying Argyle/Ossington (annotation, g- ure 6.7(r), just below center detail) Kensington also benets from a signicantly greater base line of pedestrian activity, in light of its downtown location; as well as from a more layered network of commercial street segments.) The northwest–southeast axis is the predominant direction of ow, amplied and recapitulated by the intricate networks of the Northwest Quadrant and Givins Quarter. The gravitational pull of Ossington, particularly above Argyle, and subsidiarily of our area as a whole, is evident at a glance.

6.2 Flows to Ossington

Figure 6.6: College/Nassau, down through Kensington and Chinatown, to Queen/John— T establish the ‘gross anatom- overlaying Dundas/Spadina (annotation, g- ical prole’ of the Ossington neighbourhood: as a place both immediately ure 6.7(r), right-center detail) 53

Figure 6.7: ‘La Dérive’ mathematized on the West Side: (l) Walking the dog; (r) Stroll to the neighbour’s . . .

Figure 6.8: . . . (l) Pub crawl; (r) Biking to a shop . . .

Figure 6.9: . . . (l) Biking to work; (r) Driving: the Avenues of Toronto’s planning framework 54

adjacent to the city and yet separated by clearly drawn boundaries; as accessible from both the central city to the east and its hinterlands to the northwest; and nally as a place well suited to concentrate pedestrian trac. On a mid-grained level, details of the peculiarly asymmetric ‘rhythm’ of the Ossington Strip are also immediately recognizable as a product of its early history. Although many streets confront the Ossington Strip, only one intersects it: its midline, Argyle (gure 6.10). Argyle’s western segment was, as we have seen (gure 3.8), part of the L-shaped principal artery through Park Lots 25 and 26, Dover Court Road. When it came time for the Givins family to bring their ‘rational’ subdivision vision to Park Lot 24 above the

Givins Quarter (gure 4.7), it was therefore a natural manoeuvre to extend Figure 6.10: While many paths lead to Oss- that pathway to the east—especially in light of its location at the midline of the ington, only one crosses it. Ossington Strip. No other street on either side would be so respected by the landowners on the opposite side. Cecil Street, contemporary Halton, would run up to the Tully Compounds, inhabited throughout the 1880s and in private hands (gure 4.6). And the primordial Dever’s Lane, contemporary Rebecca, like the Givins family’s ‘rationally’ conceptualized Bruce Street, would later butt up against the Denison family’s gesture of ‘rational’ subdivision below Maple/Humbert in the Southwestern Quadrant (gure 4.10). Figure 6.11: Residential properties on Givins backing against commercial properties on Os- 6.3 Ossington and its environs sington across Argyle Place (gure 4.12, detail, rotated 90)

T O S interfaces perhaps more successfully with the whimsical Northwestern Quadrant and the primordial Givins Quarter than with the remaining rationally planned precincts. Figure 6.12: Residential properties north of Argyle face anks of properties south of Ar- Eastern ank The Givins family’s approach (gure 4.7) makes particularly gyle (gure 4.2, detail) little sense: closely-spaced north–south residential streets elsewhere in the city serve to channel pedestrian trac to widely spaced commercial districts; a subtle but eective separation of uses results, with residences in almost all cases adjacent only to other residences and the I-beam laneways buering from commercial activity the remaining end-block houses (gure 6.2). But here the commercial stretch runs north–south: accordingly, every Figure 6.13: Argyle’s thunderous dead end at residence along Givins backs onto the commercial district (gure 6.11). Nor Shaw, and the dogleg to Trinity-Bellwoods do the long residential blocks serve to channel pedestrians to the commercial (gure 4.12, detail) district: rather, they make it inaccessible. Instead of combining accessibility with separation of uses, the layout combines inaccessibility with a mingling of uses—the worst of both worlds. Moreover, the laneways gesture only halfheartedly at the I-beam shape: for reasons entirely unclear only north of Argyle is there an east–west laneway—which, absurdly, empties into the commercial district. And the original conception of Argyle east of Ossington is comically bad (gure 6.12): stubby residential lots to the north are supposed to face the anks of deep lots to the south and stare down a laneway. The 55

Ossington-Givins block of Argyle was later partially redeemed by the micro- subdivision of the back of the northernmost lot between Argyle Place and Givins into three residential lots. (The author of this piece lives across from those houses: while he appreciates the block’s engaging jumble, those with more conventional sensibilities would reasonably nd it distasteful; still, the author admits to relief at not staring down Argyle Place from his front porch.) Finally, the failure of the Shaw and then the Crawford families to extend Argyle through Park Lot 23 makes for a thunderous dead-end at the unappealing Shaw Street and a consequently obnoxious dog-leg down to Lobb Avenue for those on the way to Trinity-Bellwoods Park (gure 6.13).

Western ank But while these decisions by the Givins family make for a street grid of diminished eectiveness, the 1876 platting out of the Southwest Quadrant is truly bad (gure 6.14). The gridiron here neglects Ossington

entirely, with access only at Humbert; the stretch of Queen above the PLA Figure 6.14: The Southwestern Quadrant: ini- lands would inevitably suer from diminished foot-trac, so it makes very tial coyness toward Ossington . . . little sense to attempt to jolt it with foot trac from Brookeld and Fennings. With Dovercourt making no gesture to connect the lands to its west with the Southwestern Quadrant, Fennings Street in particular lurks with a remoteness from the broader urban fabric unlikely ever to be remedied. The post-World War Two destruction of thirty houses on the north side of Humbert to build Senhor Santo Cristo school cut the Southwestern Quadrant’s sole sense of connection to the surrounding area: Humbert now reads as a dilapidated laneway rather than neighbourhood street, completing the isolation of this already vulnerable area (gure 6.15). This was the worst decision ever made for the coherence of the neighbourhood.

6.4 Strolling on Ossington Figure 6.15: . . . turns to isolation, following the destruction of Humbert Street

T AB of Ossington and its segment below Humbert suer from these misplaced gestures at rational subdivision. Each is too long, which places pressure on the pedestrian’s capacity to make coherent sense of its oerings. Finally, exigencies of built form render Ossington south of Argyle problematic relative to the northern segment for reasons to which we will very soon transition. And yet in neither case is the result complete confusion, of the sort prevailing on certain very long but minutely grained commercial blocks of midtown Manhattan: on Ossington, the fortuitously located and rapidly paced inter- ventions of the side streets Humbert (gure 6.16(l)), and Bruce and Rebecca (gure 6.16(r)) advance a subtle punctuation of the pedestrian experience. The Givins family’s other blocks—Argyle to Halton and Halton to Dundas— are more easily navigable (gure 6.17(l)): both are shorter than Argyle-to- Bruce; Halton-to-Dundas oers the relief of the spectacular juncture at Dundas 56

Figure 6.16: (l) Humbert cuts the Argyle– Bruce block (gure 4.12, detail, rotated 90, Street as an anchor (though in the contemporary period, regrettably, the Hal- annotated); (r) Bruce and Rebecca cut the Humbert–Queen block (gure 4.12, detail, ton stacked townhouses remove the bulk of Argyle-to-Halton from relevance rotated 270, annotated) to the pededstrian experience). And the west side of Ossington north of Argyle is an incredibly successful collection of tiny jaunty buildings on minuscule blocks (gure 6.17(r)).

Figure 6.17: (l) Above Argyle, east side: two exits, three cuts (gure 4.12, detail, rotated 90, annotated); (r) Above Argyle, west side: three exits, two cuts (gure 4.12, detail, rotated 270, annotated) Part II

When our old buildings were young

7 The primitive era

W , the remaining history of Ossington takes on a more conventional form, as a story of buildings, businesses, and residents initially with an impressively self-determining destiny but later buetted by macro-forces.

7.1 1860s

T Q was, we recall, extended to Ossington in 1861 (g- ure 2.12). Although this coincided with the establishment of the ‘Givens Street Public School’, newcomers did not immediately ood in (gure 7.1). Through the 1860s, the inventory of buildings on Ossington would not even double: newcomers in this decade moved principally to the Givins Quarter, with Cedar/Argyle remaining static in its building inventory and stable in its population (over half of the early residents of that block would constitute a core population still in place well into the 1890s). The economy continued to center around meatpacking: the 1868 directory (gure 7.2) lists a handful of upper-middle class meatpackers or manufacturers living on Ossington, in the Givins Quarter, or on the gradually emerging Figure 7.1: Residents of our area, 1861. stretch of Givins above Bruce; a pair of blacksmiths on Ossington (one by (Toronto City Directory, 1861) Queen, the other by Argyle); a number of workers or managers at the PLA; and 1868

Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?] one or two dozen skilled and unskilled working class households. Buildings

98: Kivas Tully, architect

Mrs Cecil Givins, widow FOXLEY STREET ﬁrst named

on Ossington up to 1868 were in four or ve clusters: the Tully Compounds John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” James Smith, painter “foxley near dundas”

across from the head of Halton Street; a cluster just south of Cedar on the Peter T Trowern, asylum engineer [May Cottage,

54: Jeremiah Curtin, 54: Jeremiah gardener Cedar]

62: vacant

GIVENS STREET 60: vacant Albert Lemon, SCHOOL

cattle dealer [loc?]

58: Thomas Waldie, stonecutter

William Woods, blacksmith

61: Michael Kennedy, 61: Michael Kennedy, [also 65] laborer 55: Patrick Murphy, bricklayer 51: vacant 27: vacant 33: Patrick Bird, 33: Patrick Bird, watchman 61: Patrick Caroll, carpenter west side; a sparse line south of Bruce on the east side; and a small cluster 45: John O’Donohoe, laborer 56: J Matthew, grocer

54 E Smith, 21: John Dunn, brush maker drover; John Scott, butcher

19: William McClelland, drover Edward Holland, 35: Francis Rogers, jobber [loc?] drover [also jobber] 17: John Keeler, carpenter 25: Alexander McGuigan, just above Queen on the west side. No buildings from this era survive on laborer, asylum

34: James Breen, butcher John Blake, wool buyer REBECCA STREET ﬁrst named James McNamara, toll-gate Mrs Bridget McNamara,

poulterer

Denis Breen,

butcher

James Morrow, 13: Mary Scott, widow porter, asylum

Denis Driscoll, 17: David Lennox, 4: Kenneth McClennan, Ossington. gardener 11: John Barton, labourer baker, Asylum Edward Barton, broom factory broom-maker John O’Hearn 668: Richard Montgomery, Montgomery, 668: Richard spinning wheel mfr 684: William Kinnear, cattle merchant 680: John Dunn, gentleman 690: Martin Walsh, 690: Martin Walsh, grocer 642: Edward Leadlay, Leadlay, 642: Edward general merchant 688: William Cruit, telegraph operator GTR laborer [also O’Hara] 648: Thomas Hook, E. Leadley’s buyer, James Dever, William Woods, drover blacksmith shop Figure 7.2: Residents of our area, 1868. (Toronto City Directory, 1868) 60

1871 1872 1873

Joseph Nelson, Joseph Nelson, Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?] asylum keeper [loc?] asylum keeper [loc?]

110 John A Donaldson emigration agent

71 John B Read, Barrister Thomas K Morgan 69 William Rand, clerk 59 George B 98: Kivas Tully, 98: Kivas Tully, 58 vacant Kirkpatrick architect and supt of architect and supt of

public works Wiliam H Verry John Nelson RH Browne clerk public works 43 Rev Frederick John Hozack ﬁreman WJ Tully, WJ Tully, Mrs Harrison Groves clerk, Bank of Toronto clerk, Bank of Toronto

Miss Cecil Givins, Miss Cecil Givins, Miss Cecil Givins, [Givins ave]

[Givins ave] [Givins ave]

John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” Thomas Kearns, John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” Thomas Kearns, John Flowers farmer farmer shoemaker [address?] Charles Rose bricklayer WL Wills bricklayer Robert Woodland Henry Wallis carpenter James Snell Bricklayer James Smith, painter “foxley near dundas” James Smith, painter “foxley near dundas” 11: George R Pierce,lb 91 Edward Lemon 9: Henry Clare, laborer cattle dealer 5: Edward Clare, Edward Lennon, Edward Lennon, laborer 85 Jesse Dunn, drover [loc?] drover [loc?] drover

1–3 John Seager,

81 William Bell

John Dunn, John Dunn, 67 Mrs McCleary drover [loc?] drover [loc?] widow William Bell, William Bell, 94 John Dunn

drover

pensioner [loc?] pensioner [loc?] Charles Howarth, Peter Trowern, 59 James McQueen, Peter Trowern, 82 John Keeler William Trowern broom manufacturer machinist machinist machinist Mathematical 54: Jeremiah Curtain, 54: Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer Fitch, laborer Edward 54: Jeremiah Courtney, 54: Jeremiah laborer 54: Jeremiah Courtney, 54: Jeremiah laborer instrument maker [!]

64: James Kean, 64: James Kean, 76: James Kane, 57 Francis Rogers dealer dealer poultry dealer George Coxon, butcher

George Coxon,

68 John McCool

James Brodie, 49 Francis Rogers, carpenter CEDAR STREET James Brodie, carpenter CEDAR STREET 74: William McCreary machinist

machinist GIVINS SCHOOL

teamster butcher

teamster 53 Samuel Watt now runs Shaw to now runs Shaw to

butcher

Dover Court Road Dover Court Road 72: William Winchester

60: Robert Smith, carriage builder 64 Robert Verrall 60: Robert Smith, laborer

brushmaker 43 Patrick McConvey 49 Patrick McConvey

brushmaker

70: Robert Smith,

butcher

Michal Gallaghar, Michal Gallaghar, brushmaker 47 James Thayers,

58: Thomas Waldey,

butcher 58: Thomas Waldey,

butcher

painter

stonecutter James Thayer, 58: Thomas Waldey,

stonecutter

39 James Thayers,

painter stonecutter painter 45 Callon Thomas E, 44 Jesse Burnett carpenter platelayer William Stewart 37 Charles Fowler, William Stewart 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 15: John Winchester, laborer 61: Michael Kennedy, 61: Michael Kennedy, laborer 55: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 51: John Scholdes shoemaker 27: John Winchester, 27: John Winchester, laborer John Winchester, student 45: John Moody, chairmaker 40 George Coxon, 37: George Morris, 37: George paper stainer 61: Michael Kennedy, 61: Michael Kennedy, laborer 55: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 51: John Scholdes shoemaker 27: John Winchester, 27: John Winchester, laborer John Winchester, student 35: vacant 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer 45: John Moody, chairmaker 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer G Brewer 31: Edward 57: Richard Salmon 57: Richard 37: George Morris, 37: George paper stainer 39 John E Usher, 29: Patrick Bird, 29: Patrick Bird, employee NR 29: Patrick Bird, 29: Patrick Bird, laborer Morris, George paper stainer J Thwaites house agent 53: Jesse Clifford, riveter 57: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 67: John Moody, 67: John Moody, cabinetmaker 29: Patrick Bird, 29: Patrick Bird, employee NR grocer 61: Thomas Earl, laborer 57: Patrick Caroll, plasterer bootmaker grocer carriage painter carpenter Charles Shaw, 56: John Mathews, painter James Breen, 56: John Mathews, 29 John Hare, weaver James Breen, 66: John Mathews, 37 vacant 30 Valentine Room grocery butcher grocery butcher grocery shoemaker 57 Thomas Haslip bricklayer 33 Joseph Keech, pedlar 25 John S Montgomery 28 vacant grocer 55: Joseph W Packer 54 Alexander Smith, John Montgomery, James Burrow, 54 Alexander Smith, James Burrow, 64 Alexander Smith, 31 Mrs Catherine Murton carpenter brush maker laborer laborer brush maker laborer brush maker John Montgomery, 23 Mrs Catherine Merton laborer/grocer 24 Holmes P, Patrick McGreavy, 60 Patrick Greevy laborer 53: Joseph Amos machinist stove mounter carpenter Edward McKindly, 21 Thomas Hughes, Edward McKindly, 29 William Stewart 19: William McClellan, stonecutter machinist stonecutter 58 Patrick McGreevy shoemaker drover [McKinlay] stove mounter 22 James Barrow, [McKinlay] 23: William McClennand porter/doorkeeper asylum 35: Wiliam Levack, 35: George Broughton, 19: William McClellan, 35: George Broughton, butcher butcher drover butcher William Southby, Henry McGuire, Henry McGuire, laborer Denis Driscoll, drover Denis Driscoll, 20 Denis Driscoll 17: EW Barton, laborer 17: EW Barton, laborer drover 21: Edward Barton broom manufacturer broom manufacturer broom manufacturer 23: Alexander McGuigan, 23: Alexander McGuigan, 23: Alexander McGuigan, laborer 18 D McKinstry laborer 15: Stephen Balmer, 15: Stephen Balmer, laborer 19: Charles Neeve, clerk stonecutter commercial traveler commercial traveler 21: James Grissle WALLIS AND WALLIS AND carpenter WALLIS AND CORNWALL BREWERY CORNWALL BREWERY CORNWALL BREWERY QUEEN NR DUNDAS QUEEN NR DUNDAS QUEEN NR DUNDAS [loc?] [loc?] [loc?]

12: John Barton 13: Mary Scott, 13: Mary Scott, 13: Mary Scott, caretaker, Givins school caretaker, Givins school caretaker, Givins school

17: W Barrisdae,

17: William Barsdale

4: Kenneth McClennan, 17: W Barrisdae,

4: Kenneth McClennan,

11: John Barton, 4: Kenneth McClennan,

asylum keeper gardener 11: John Barton, asylum keeper 11: James Anderson gardener broom factory gardener broom factory principal of Givins Thomas Hughes, school 674: William Kanere, drover 672: John Dunn, farmer 690: Martin Walsh, 690: Martin Walsh, grocer 642: Edward Leadlay, Leadlay, 642: Edward general merchant 688: S Worthington, 688: S Worthington, baker 648: John Blake, E. Leadley’s buyer, 796: William Kinnear, drover Thomas Hughes, 792: John Dunn, gardener 802–4: Martin Welsh, 802–4: Martin Welsh, grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 688: S Worthington, 688: S Worthington, baker 674: William Kanere, drover 764 : John Blake, agent 672: John Dunn, farmer 690: Martin Walsh, 690: Martin Walsh, grocer Leadlay, 642: Edward general merchant 688: S Worthington, 688: S Worthington, baker 2: Wiliiam Wood, carpenter 2: Wiliiam Wood, carpenter 648: John Blake, E. Leadley’s buyer, 2: Wiliiam Wood, 708: Albert V Barton, grocer W Barton Edward mfr broom

horseshoer 818: John Ayer, grocer W Barton Edward mfr broom horseshoer 708: Albert V Barton, grocer W Barton Edward mfr broom horseshoer

1874 1875 1876 Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?]

110 John A Donaldson emigration agent 110 John A Donaldson emigration agent

71 John B Read, Barrister

Widow of Thomas K Morgan 71 John B Read, Barrister 69 William Rand, clerk Widow of Thomas K Morgan

69 William Rand, clerk 110 John A Donaldson Robert Wills carpenter

59 George B

emigration agent Kirkpatrick, surveyor 59 Harry Moody

71 John B Read, Barrister

John Grifﬁth traveler John Nelson Widow of Thomas K Morgan RH Browne clerk 43 Rev Frederick John Hozack ﬁreman

John Nelson John Grifﬁth traveler 69 William Band, clerk RH Browne clerk 58 Widow judge SB Groves 43 Rev Frederick John Hozack ﬁreman

Harrison 58 Widow judge SB Groves Harrison 59 Harry Moody

Miss Cecil Givins, [Givins ave] Miss Cecil Givins,

[Givins ave]

John Grifﬁth traveler Denis Driscoll, laborer vacnat RH Browne clerk John Hozack engine driver Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick vacant Jacob Curtis stonecutter

58 Widow judge SB Groves

Harrison CECIL WEST

Mrs A Kelly widow James Donovan bricklayer

VJ Wallis tinsmith

Mrs A Kelly widow James Donovan bricklayer VJ Wallis tinsmith

12 William Bell, engineer Charles Rose bricklayer WL Wells bricklayer Robert Woodland bricklayer 11: George R Pierce, Henry Wallis bricklayer James Snell Bricklayer

Charles Rose bricklayer WL Wells bricklayer Robert Woodland bricklayer Henry Wallis bricklayer 11: George R Pierce, laborer James Snell Bricklayer vacant vacant vacant vacant vacant vacant laborer 91 Edward Lemon B Hawkes Fred brass ﬁnisher Charles Rose bricklayer 9: Henry Clare, laborer John Bell, teamster Mrs A Kelly widow John Cracknell, plasterer James Donovan bricklayer WL Wells bricklayer James English, boilermaker VJ Wallis tinsmith George Blackhall George carpenter cattle dealer 91 Edward Lemon Alexander Allen printer 9: Henry Clare, laborer 7: James Weekes, cattle dealer 11: George R Pierce, BA MRCP Rev Prof Llewellyn, matriculation tutor carpenter engineer 5: Edward Clare, 9: vacant John Cracknell, plasterer laborer 85 Jesse Dunn, 5: Edward Clare, 91 Edward Lemon laborer 85 Jesse Dunn, 7: James Weekes, cattle dealer drover 90 George Roll, carpenter 1–3 John Seager, James English framemaker drover grocer laborer 81 William Bell 1–3 John Dempster, 5: Edward Clare, grocer 81 William Bell laborer 85 Patrick Kinnear, P

88 George Robertson, 90 George Roll,

Kinnear&Co

tailor

artist

67 Mrs R Cleary 1–3 John Dempster,

67 Mrs R Cleary widow grocer 81 William Bell 94 John Dunn

widow 88 George Robertson,

drover

tailor 79 John Jones,

95 Jesse Dunn

67blacksmith Alfred Lambe of R&H

94 John Dunn

drover

Lambe 82 —— Bury 94 John Dunn 82 John Keeler drover

82 —— Bury drover carpenter

carpenter

82 John Keeler Peter Trowern 82 John Keeler

80 P McGreevy 82 Joseph Collard,

Engineer 80 P McGreevy Jeremiah Curtain, Jeremiah laborer

Richard Pendrick Richard laborer Fitch, laborer Edward foundryman

Edwin Edwards machinist butcher James Dace laborer William Parradine laborer Jeremiah Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer

John Fowler hatter foundryman Edwin Edwards machinist vancant Jonathan Dauptor baker and grocer William Saunders shoemaker vacant vacant Peter Trowern Engineer 80 vacant vacant D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer John Kennedy bricklayer Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer John Dace laborer Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow John S Donaldson bookkeeper vacant vacant 76: Jeremiah McAuliff Peter Trowern Engineer 57 Francis Rogers 76: Jeremiah McAuliff painter butcher 57 Francis Rogers

68 John McCool painter 68 John McCool

butcher 74: Joseph Digre

machinist GIVINS SCHOOL 74: Joseph Digre machinist 68 William Embleton, grocer

painter 53 Samuel Watt [HERE CEDAR ST 57 Francis Rogers

painter

53 Samuel Watt 66 Frederick Denman, laborer butcher butcher INTERSECTS???]

72: David Barnett

66 Frederick Denman, laborer

64 Robert Verrall ﬁtter 72: David Barnett butcher 64 Robert Verrall 53 Samuel Watt

Jason Dunn, gardener

laborer ﬁtter butcher

laborer 49 Patrick McConvey 72: George McKeo, 49 Patrick McConvey Miss Mary Dunn, dressmaker 70: Robert Smith, 47 James Donovan, 64 Robert Verrall

60 John Paig 49 Patrick McConvey

butcher 47r Joseph Pollard 70: Robert Smith, James Smith milkman blacksmith

60 John Paig

butcher

brushmaker GIVINS SCHOOL laborer 45bricklayer Callow Thomas E, tailor bricklayer brushmaker butcher

bricklayer

47 Elias Jones,

James Smith milkman

70: Robert Smith,

60 John Pegg

carpenter

GIVINS SCHOOL

58: Thomas Waldey, horse trainer John McColl machinist 47 James Donovan, 54 James Curran, laborer 47r Joseph Pollard 47r Joseph Pollard

brushmaker

bricklayer 45 Callow Thomas E, James Smith, milkman stonecutter 44 Jesse Burnett bricklayer tailor 43 Joseph Keech, tailor

45 Callow Thomas E, 44 Mark Castle carpenter 52 Frederick Adams,

pedlar platelayer 43 John Pearson, James Smith, milkman

67: John Moody, 67: John Moody, cabinetmaker carpenter blacksmith switchman GTR 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker 39 John E Usher, 40 George Coxon, 41butcher George Baker, grocer 50 Michael McCarthy, laborer 77 vacant [loc?]

40 George Coxon, 74 Nelson Clark [loc?] plasterer 67: saloon 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 15: John Winchester, laborer carpenter 43 Joseph Keech, 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker 35: William Morris laborer 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer carriage painter 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 31: Edwin Huggett engineer 57: Richard Salmon, 57: Richard boilermaker 17: Peter Bird, 17: Peter Bird, laborer 15: John Winchester, 15: John Winchester, laborer

29: PeterBird, 29: PeterBird, laborer J Thwaites house agent 39 Ab Green, 53: Jesse Clifford, riveter 67: John Moody, 67: John Moody, cabinetmaker carpenter 35: William Morris laborer 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker 37. vancant 23. GRM Thwaites house agent 19. vancant 44 Mark Castle 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 31: Edwin Huggett engineer 57: Richard Salmon, 57: Richard boilermaker 59. vancant Wm Usher, ropemaker 38 William Levack 53: Jesse Clifford, riveter tinsmith 37.5photographer James Cates, shoemaker` 17: Peter Bird, 17: Peter Bird, laborer

15: John Winchester, 15: John Winchester, laborer blacksmith 35: vacant 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer 37. vancant 23. GRM Thwaites house agent 38 William Levack 19. HT Amos law stationer 31:vacant 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 57: Richard Salmon, 57: Richard boilermaker 59. vancant butcher 53: Jesse Clifford, riveter 40 George Coxon, 66: John Mathews, 37 Joseph Collard 66: John Mathews, 39 Ab Green, butcher 37 Mrs C Murton, 59 Alfred Barrett, grocery drover 36 Henry Whetter photographer 36 Robert Whitlow widow John carpenter foreman plasterer 57 vacant grocery 37 Joseph Collard carriage maker 57 Thomas Melfort, 66: John Mathews, 35 vacant 38 William Levack drover mason grocery butcher 57 John Armstrong, 30 Thomas McCann 33 Mrs Hannah Parks, 36 vacant asylum keeper 33 Charles Austin, laborer 33 Mrs C Parks, widow 30 Thomas McCann widow laborer laborer 31.5 John Pendrel, grocer 55: William Hewitt, ﬁreman 28 William Harwood 55: Joseph W Packer 31.5 George T Baker, 64 Alexander Smith, 31.5 John Montgomery, 64 Alexander Smith, 28 William Harwood 55: Joseph W Packer 30 Thomas McCann 53 vacant brush maker laborer/grocer carpenter carpenter laborer/grocer carpenter carpenter 64 Alexander Smith, laborer brush maker brush maker 51 Henry Brown, painter 24 William Logan 28 William Blay construction 53: Thomas Butler 31 Mrs Catherine Murton 26 Patrick Wilson laborer 60 George Lambert 31 Mrs Catherine Murton laborer 60 George Lambert laborer 41: Thomas Butler 31 William J McClelland, construction plumber GWR plumber GWR 62 George Lambert drover 26 Patrick Wilson construction 29 William Stewart 24 Mrs E Duggan, widow plumber laborer construction 29 William Logan, 29 William Logan, 24 vacant 41: Thomas Butler 58 James Kane shoemaker 22 James Burrow, 58 James Kane blacksmith 60 James Kain blacksmith and grocer poultry dealer poultry dealer 22 James Burrow, 22 James Barrows, GWR 25 vacant porter 33: Sinclair Levack, porter huckster porter butcher 25: William McClelland 33: James Helfor, painter John Moody, 25: William McClelland 33: James Heffer, painter Joseph W Packer, carpenter 23: William McClelland drover chairmaker drover drover 23: Thomas Hughes, Jesse Burnett, engineer 23: William Stewart, Jesse Burnett, engineer 20 Denis Driscoll shoemaker 20 Alfred Barton, 21: Edward Barton carpenter 20 Denis Driscoll 21: Thomas Baker, broom maker broom manufacturer [HERE DEVER’S LANE 21: Henry Mansell, grocer INTERSECTS???] butcher 18 D McKinstry vacant John Blakely baker 18 D McKinstry 19: vacant 19: William Damp stonecutter 19: William Damp stonecutter John Allan, carpenter bricklayer bricklayer J Hook Edward laborer 21: James Driscolt George Downard, policeman 21: James Gristle WALLIS AND 21: James Driscolt George Abbs, machinist carpenter Ambrose Tucker laborer Ambrose Tucker laborer CORNWALL BREWERY bricklayer bricklayer QUEEN NR DUNDAS Thomas Hughes, carpenter [loc?] Henry Abbs, brickmaker 18 D McKinstry 28 William Woods 28 Frank Baker stonecutter WF Jamieson, asylum keeper blacksmith 11 William Winchester civil engineer 11 William Winchester WF Jamieson, asylum keeper

BACK TO ‘DEVER’S LANE’ carriage builder carriage builder Patrick Kane,

Patrick Kane, laborer 22 Major William Alger 22 Major William Alger Theodore Zinkernagel, 9 Widow Breen laborer carriage builder 9 Widow BreenRear Denison George Weekes, 16: Mrs E Hare,

carpenter Thomas McCann laborer widow

16: Mrs E Hare, George Weekes, John Burns,

James English laborer widow Alfred Hobbs 14 John Winchester 14 BW Murray chairmaker Alex McClellan, carpenter

carpenter 9 John Crealack hatter Lawyer accountant 9 John Crealack

drover drover

vacant

Hugh Johnson, painter

Alfred Hobbs 12: William Damp, Arthur Taylor photographer Arthur Taylor 13: John Moran, laborer bricklayer clerk 12: EJ Seager clerk 12: George 13: Mary Scott, 13: Henry Munsell, laborer McLennan,

caretaker, Givins school broom-maker 17: William Barsdale

8: vacant

11: Mrs John Barton,

asylum keeper

17: William Barsdale widow 17: William Barsdale

8: vacant 8: vacant

11: John Barton asylum keeper “A STREET” 11: Mrs John Barton, asylum keeper Robert Wilson DENISON ST [loc?] DENISON ST [loc?] 796: Robert Mansﬁeld, fruits widow 792: John Dunn, gardener 788: Benj. Parker, 788: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: William Harwood, carpenter and grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 802 George McClennan, 802 George maker broom

accountant 764 : John Blake, agent 1–9: Harry Giddings, hotel 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom Alex Montgomery, blacksmith 820: John G McCaig, blacksmith 796: William Kinnear, drover 792: John Dunn, gardener 796: Robert Reynolds, baker

792: John Dunn, gardener = 826–828 QSW 804: Martin Welsh, 804: Martin Welsh, grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 802 C/J Hetherington mariner/operator 788: Benj. Parker, 788: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: Martin Welsh, 804: Martin Welsh, grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 764 : John Blake, agent 802 C/J Hetherington mariner/operator 1–9: Harry Giddings, hotel 1–9: Harry Giddings, hotel 764 : John Blake, agent 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom = 826–828 QSW = 826–828 QSW

BROOKFIELD FENNINGS

1878 1879

1877

110 John A Donaldson 110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent GROVE AVE

emigration agent Robert Wills carpenter 108 Samuel Heal

carpenter Robert Wills carpenter 108 Samuel Heal

110 John A Donaldson

GROVE AVE carpenter

71 John B Read, Barrister

emigration agent 71 John B Read, Barrister 60 Widow of Thomas K

Robert Wills carpenter 108 Samuel Heal builder Widow of Thomas K Morgan Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

69 William Band, govt clerk vacant

59 Captain Harry

71 John B Read, Barrister vacant Moody

59 Captain Harry

Widow of Thomas K Morgan Wm Dempster baker Moody 69 William Band, clerk

Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter

Mrs SB Harrison widow

Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector 58 Charles Lindsay, city registr Groves RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker 59 Captain Harry John Curtis carpenter Mrs SB Harrison widow

Moody Charles Lindsay, city Groves HALTON STREET

registr HALTON STREET

John Grifﬁth traveler Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, butcher RH Browne clerk

John Hozack engine driver 43 Rev Frederick Thomas Crouch carpenter vacant

Jacob Curtis stonecutter

Widow judge SB Groves

Harrison

Mrs E Foster widow C

94 William Bell

12 JP McDonald clerk, attorney ofﬁce general’s

94 William Bell engineer

12 JP McDonald clerk, attorney ofﬁce general’s Charles Rose bricklayer

engineer 13: Fred Fraser,

13: FredCharles Rose bricklayer Fraser, commercial traveler

39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher

commercial traveler

12 JP McDonald Chancery ofﬁce Osgoode Hall 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher 11: WJ Dempster baker

Michael B Beasley mfr broom 11: William Dandy, painter vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells

Mrs Ann Kelly widow Michael B Beasley mfr broom —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor Fred B Hawkes Fred brass ﬁnisher vacant Charles Rose bricklayer vacant John Bell, teamster J Donovan jr bricklayer William Wells builder William Wells

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer Mrs A Kelly widow Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR —— Wilmott WL Wells bricklayer Mrs Ann Kelly widow John Wilmott machinist Jonathan Cracknell plasterer VJ Wallis tinsmith —— Flight, pedlar Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent

John Bell, teamster 91 Edward Lemon Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer J Donovan sr bricklayer

11: William Dandy, painter John Wilmott machinist 7: RL Denison, asst Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 91 Edward Lemon cattle dealer George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer George Blackhall George carpenter Alexander Allen printer J Donovan sr bricklayer George Burry George builder 7: RL Denison, asst cattle dealer secy John A Scarlett farmer Alfred Howard Howard Alfred blacksmith Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer William Bell James Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR James Donovan bricklayer DB Sample carriage trimmer` secy Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer James Kempt carpenter 9: Henry Clare, laborer Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 5.5: James Weekes, carpenter 91 Edward Lemon 5.5: James Weekes, carpenter James Kempt carpenter 7: James Weekes, cattle dealer 92 William Logan bksmth 85 James Hooke butcher 95 Jesse Dunn

5: Edward Clare, carpenter 92 William Logan bksmth 85 Patrick Kinnear, 95 Jesse Dunn Mrs Logan grocer cattle dealer

5: Edward Clare, laborer Mrs Logan grocer drover laborer cattle dealer 1–3 John Dempster,

5: Edward Clare, 81 Thomas Mundy

laborer 1–3 John Dempster, 81 vacant baker 94 John Dunn 81 John S 85 Patrick Kinnear, gardener 95 Jesse Dunn

92 W Bell engineer grocer 81 vacant 79 John Jones, Charles 94 John Dunn drover

drover

cattle dealer

79 John Jones, blacksmith

drover 90 George Robertson, tailor 1–3 John Dempster, 92 John Case, druggist blacksmith 73 George Keen, painter 79 James Crawford

81 William McBratny,

90 George Robertson, tailor John Hildebrand, gilder grocer 73 George Keen, painter

82 John Keeler cement maker 94 John Dunn 81 DJ Browne, 79 James Crawford 69 Robert Young driver

John Hildebrand, tailor

82 John Keeler

clerk bank of drover drover 90 George Roll, looking 79 John Jones, 69 Robert Young carpenter

commerce glass maker blacksmith carpenter

73 George Keen, painter

82 John Keeler

69 vacant 82 James Williams

88 George Robertson,

82 Henry Church

stonemason

tailor 67 Frank Guest,

67 Frank Guest, 67 vacant messenger

82 vacant messenger 80 James Sinclair clerk

Ontario Bank

80 James Sinclair stonemason Wood, George D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer vacant Ontario Bank Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer

Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow 1. Samuel Wallace, MD 1. Samuel Wallace, George Wood, stonemason Wood, George Mrs S Powell, widow vacant vacant 3. Hugh Featherstone accountant D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Peter Trowern Engineer Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer James Buchanan, laborer Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow Samuel Wallace, Samuel Wallace, MD vacant vacant Percival, LV reporter Peter Trowern Engineer 78 Henry Smith, painter 80 James Sinclair, 78 Henry Smith, painter

MJ Daniels, laborer Mrs smith fancy goods George Wood, stonemason Wood, George Mrs S Powell, widow

D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer

Samuel Wallace, Samuel Wallace, MD Mrs smith fancy goods Thomas Tracy asylum bursar vacant vacant Peter Trowern Engineer

Henry Smith, painter/ 70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell,

57 F Rodgers drover druggist/grocer

grocer

57 Frank Rogers drover 70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell,

druggist/grocer 55 John Pearson butcher 68 vacant 74 Patrick Kennedy,

55 Samuel Watt, butcher

68 William Shaver carptr BOND WEST = Crawford

74 Patrick Kennedy, 55–57 Francis Rogers 70 Miss Mary Frost grocer cooper 53 WR Burrage publisher 66 Frederick Denman, laborer

66 Frederick Denman, laborer drover cooper 53 P McConvey, butcher

51 John Pendrel grocer 53 Samuel Watt 68 E Cordwell, painter 72: Peter Sinclair, clerk 64 Robert Verrall laborer butcher 51 John Pearson,

64 Robert Verrall laborer 66 Frederick Denman, laborer 49 P McConvey drover

butcher 51 George Wallis tinsmith James Smith painter 72: Peter Sinclair, clerk 49 vacant James Bowell

72: George Stanton 64 Robert Verrall James Smith milkman GIVINS SCHOOL

56 John Pegg brickmason 72: George McKeig, James Rowell 47 vacant

GIVINS SCHOOL

49 Patrick McConvey bricklayer laborer 47 vacant 56 John Pegg brickmason John McCool machinist butcher blacksmith 45 George Wallis,

James Smith milkman

70: Robert Smith,

60 John Pegg 45 George Wallis, 47 vacant

GIVINS SCHOOL 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR

John McColl machinist 70: Alex Smith, tinsmith

brushmaker James Smith, milkman

bricklayer tinsmith 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR 45 Callow Thomas E, 70: Alex Smith, 43 H Sherridan brushmaker

43 vacant 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer carpenter 52 Frederick Adams, brushmaker shoemaker Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy,

50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer William Brown 43 John Pearson, James Smith, milkman 41 vacant Patrick Kane, laborer butcher 50switchman Michael GTRMcCarthy, laborer cooper Patrick Kennedy, 41 Mrs H Park, dry 44 vacant 15 John Matson builder vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, laborer 44 Andrew Heine painter 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker

41 Wallace Samuel, MD 15: PF cGreevy, captain schooner “Canadian” goods 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer Edward Checkley, Checkley, Edward lather 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker 35: James Fletcher, jeweler 35: James Fletcher, 23. GRM Thwaites house agent 19 Henry Neill, shoemaker 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather vacant 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 57: vacant 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 39 AA Green, fruit potter 42–44 Andrew Heine painter grocer 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 37grocer John Robertson employee central prison 40 George Coxon, carpenter 40 George Coxon, carpenter 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 17: Peter Bird, 17: Peter Bird, laborer 15: PF cGreevy, 15: PF cGreevy, captain schooner “Canadian”

John Cracknell, laborer 37 vacant 35: vacant 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer 37. vancant 23. GRM Thwaites house agent William Smith, laborer 19 vacant James Larmer, flax James Larmer, dresser 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 57: Patrick Kennedy, 57: Patrick Kennedy, cooper maker 59. vancant 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 37.5 Thomas Broomhall, boots 66: John Mathews, 40 George Coxon, 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 66: John Mathews, 35.5 P Morrison laborer + shoes 35 vacant 38 William Levack butcher grocery 38 William Levack butcher 37 Hyram Mansell carpenter maker grocery 35 Henry Ray butcher 57 John Nichols laborer 66: John Mathews, butcher 38 William Levack 57 John Nichols laborer 36 William Hall wool turner 33 vacant 36 Edward J Hook, laborer 33 JH Pattinson dry grocery butcher 57 John Nicholl goods 33 Mrs Hannah Parks, 31.5 vacant 55 vacant 31.5 James Beilby grocer 55 Robert Thompson fireman widow 36 James Hook, laborer carpenter 31.5 John Pendrel, grocer 55: William Hewitt, fireman 53 vacant 53 Robert Graham laborer Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, 51.5 Charles Gooderham 64 Robert Smith, 51.5 George Stanton mason brush mfr carpenter 30 Thomas McCann 53 Patrick Carton, tanner brush mfr 51 William Hall wood turner bricklayer 51 vacant 64 Alexander Smith, laborer 51 Richard Furlong, 31 William J McClelland, 49 John Verrall butcher brush maker 31 William J McClelland, 49 John Verrall butcher 62 John Lambert butcher 28 Mrs Hughes harnessmakerconstruction 62 John Lambert butcher drover drover 47 Henry W Alford carpenter 31 William J McClelland, construction 47 Henry W Alford carpenter 45 William Verrall sailor 62 George Lambert drover 26 Patrick Wilson construction MAITLAND STREET [ = Lobb?] 45 William Verrall sailor 29 vacant James Thair painter plumber 29 H Sheridan, boots and Mrs Fisher widow James Thair painter laborer construction 43 Thompson Butler laborer Mrs Fisher widow 60 James Kain poultry dlr 43 Thomas Butler laborer

60 James Kain poultry dlr shoes 29 William Logan, 24 Andrew H Mason laborer41: Thomas Butler 41: vacant 41: vacant 60 James Kain blacksmith and grocer 22 James Burlow, GWR 25: Thomas G 25: Henry Mansell butcher

huckster 30 Wm McGowan Chamberlain, saddler 30 Mrs Bitler George Weekes, 25: William McClelland porter 28 David Torbot laborer 26 Patrick Wilson laborer carpenter 23: William McClelland butcher drover 23: William McClelland —— Dunford 23: William Stewart, 28 vacant —— Dunford Wilson Webroom grocer 26 Patrick Wilson laborer Joseph Keech, pedlar Thirteen houses inhabited Thirteen houses inhabited shoemaker houses inhabited Two 21: Charles Willman blind 20 vacant houses inhabited Two 21: George McClelland, 24 Andrew H Mason laborer 24 Andrew H Mason laborer

maker 21: George McClelland, broom maker 22 James Burrow, vacant 22 Peter Monegan vacant broom maker 19: Jonathan G Keeler, John Blakely baker 19: Jonathan G Keeler, 20porter James McCleary clerk blacksmith clerk D McKinstry stonecutter side entrance vacant 19: Jonathan G Keeler, D McKinstry stonecutter side entrance vacant 20 Peter McBride laborer John Allan, carpenter gardener clerk J Hook Edward laborer 21: ——— Daniels Thomas Middlemiss, Ambrose Tucker 18 D McKinstry 18 D McKinstry 18 D McKinstry bookkeeper bricklayer Theodore Zinkernagel, stonecutter Theodore Zinkernagel, Ambrose Tucker stonecutter stonecutter carriage builder carriage builder bricklayer John Blakely baker John Blakely baker Lewis Ritchey, carpenter Thomas Hughes, carpenter O Grove clerk [loc?] WF Jamieson, laborer WF Jamieson, laborer Hyram B Fairﬁeld WF Jamieson, malster Arch Locke agent

vacant

Theodore Zinkernagel, 33: Charles McDermot carriage builder George Weekes, 33: Charles Addison 24 Henry Leach foreman 16: Hy T Amos, law 24 vacant vacant George Weekes, vacant dairyman

carpenter expressman

carpenter vacant stationer

Mrs C Keller, widow Joseph Henry Gosson cabinetmaker Alex McClellan, carpenter Alex McClellan, carpenter

vacant Alex McClellan, carpenter

16 Willam Brown dry

21: Thomas McKen 21: Thomas McCann vacant

vacant Hans Johnson, printer Hans Johnson, printer goods

vacant laborer Hans Johnson, printer 12: John Smith laborer 16 William Fillrey laborer 12: Alex Montgomery 13: Thomas Moran, laborer 13: Thomas Moran, laborer 13: Thomas Moran, laborer Albert Barton blacksmith FIRE HALL broommaker FIRE HALL

Albert Barton 12: Albert Barton AND

AND

17: Mrs Barisdale broommaker 17: William Barisdale POLICE broommaker 17: William Barsdale 3 houses POLICE 11: Mrs John Barton, laborer 9 houses 11: Mrs John Barton, widow

11: Mrs John Barton, asylum keeper occupants widow occupants STATION widow 10 houses STATION 11 houses

widow vacant vacant the usual the usual Robert Wilson Robert Wilson occupants

occupants

Robert Wilson 788–90: A Timm, teamster 792: John Burns, flour and feed 788–90: A Timm, teamster 792: John Burns, flour and feed 786: Benj. Parker, 786: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: William Harwood, carpenter and grocer 802 William Damp bricklayer 786: Benj. Parker, 786: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: William Harwood, carpenter and grocer accountant the usual, at 802 William Damp bricklayer accountant the usual, at John Dunn, gardener John Dunn, gardener 788–90: A Timm, teamster 792: John Burns, flour and feed 786: Benj. Parker, 786: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: William Harwood, carpenter and grocer accountant 802 William Damp bricklayer

John Dunn, gardener 1–9 Scholes Hall 1–9 Scholes Hall

Lewis Ritchey, carpenter W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom Lewis Ritchey, carpenter top W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom top

1–9 Centennial Hotel, 824: vacant

824: vacant vacant 758 Thomas Hook trader 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom Alex Montgomery, blacksmith 758 Thomas Hook trader 764 : John Blake, agent Thomas E Scholes Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent Thomas E Scholes Charles Logie, grocer 824: John G McCaig, blacksmith 758 Thomas Hook trader Thomas E Scholes Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent “contractor” “contractor” Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter George Steckles agent George George Steckles agent George vacant vacant

BROOKFIELD FENNINGS

1880 1881 1882

110 John A Donaldson

GROVE AVE 110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE 110 John A Donaldson emigration agent emigration agent GROVE AVE emigration agent

Wm 108 William Crealock Wm 108 William Crealock

9 Wm

108 John A Wismer

Featherstonehaugh butcher Featherstonehaugh butcher Featherstonehaugh school teacher

Mrs Cecil Givins [!]

bursar Mrs Cecil Givins [!] 71 John B Read, Barrister 71 John B Read, Barrister bursar CP bursar CP Mrs Cecil Givins [!] Robert Wills carpenter 71 John B Read, Barrister

Mrs S Wiliams widow R

G Stanton bricklayer 60 Widow of Thomas K 60 Widow of Thomas K 60 Widow of Thomas K

69 Mrs SB Harrison widow Morgan Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

eight houses built to

eight houses built to vacant

59 Captain Harry vacant

59 Captain Harry Grove Ave incl 1, 3, 5, 24,

59 Captain Harry Grove Ave 8 12 14 26 28 40 48 Moody Moody 30 Moody Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector Daniel Driscoll, laborer Mrs HF Ambery Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector William Dempster baker

43 Rev Frederick RH Browne lands dept crown John Curtis carpenter vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter Mrs SB Harrison widow Mrs SB Harrison widow 58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL 58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL 58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL Mrs SB Harrison widow

registrar

HALTON STREET registrar HALTON STREET registrar

15 Mrs E Foster widow C

94 Hugh Robb 15 Mrs E Foster widow C 94 Hugh Robb 15 Mrs E Foster widow C 94 William Bell William Bell engineeer William Bell engineeer 1 7 9 A Denison architect

grocer

grocer grocer

Charles Rose bricklayer Charles Rose bricklayer 13 James Weeks builder Charles Rose bricklayer

13 James Weeks builder 13 James Weeks builder

twentyf-five houses twentyf-five houses 11 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass finisher 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass finisher including 10, 12, rest B Hawkes 39 Fred brass finisher including 19, 23, 29, 30, 37 41 43 47 51 53 55 59 61

91 Edward Lemon 91 Edward Lemon

11: WJ Dempster baker unnumbered 11: WJ Dempster baker 31, 37, 39 cattle dealer 11: WJ Dempster baker 63 65 67 69 71 77 79 81 cattle dealer Michael B Beasley mfr broom Michael B Beasley mfr broom Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow Mrs Ann Kelly widow Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar —— Flight, pedlar —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster John Bell, teamster John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor Frank Thorp contractor Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer J Donovan jr bricklayer John Cracknell plasterer

9: Henry Clare, laborer J Donovan jr bricklayer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer 9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist John Wilmott machinist John Wilmott machinist

Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 91 Edward Lemon Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 85 PC Price pol con 85 PC Price policeman George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk J Donovan sr bricklayer John A Scarlett farmer J Donovan sr bricklayer Thomas Smith chemist cattle dealer Thomas Smith chemist J Donovan sr bricklayer 95 Jesse Dunn Thomas Smith chemist 106 John Dunn 107 Jesse Dunn cattle dealer drover cattle dealer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 95 Jesse Dunn Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 83 R Maxwell ﬂour and 83 R Maxwell ﬂour and James Kempt carpenter James Kempt carpenter 7 John Knifton bookkeeper 7 John Knifton bookkeeper James Kempt carpenter 89 William Cruit clerk 7 John Knifton bookkeeper 99 Robert Morris bank clerk

cattle dealer feed

feed 92 Mrs Logan grocer 85 James Hooke butcher 92 Mrs Logan grocer 81 Thomas Mundy 92 Mrs Logan grocer 81 Bell’s wood yard

5: Edward Clare, 5: Edward Clare, 89 William Cruit clerk 5: Edward Clare, laborer laborer gardener 87 Thomas Crawford drover laborer 97 Thomas Crawford drover 1–3 John Dempster, 81 Thomas Mundy 1–3 John Dempster, 79 William Derm laborer 1–3 John Dempster, 79 Thomas Everist 102 Alfred Packham letter

ﬁreman

baker baker carrier gardener 94 John Dunn 81 William Martin baker 94 John Dunn 81 William Martin 75 John Jones blaksmith 94 Mrs M Keeler widow 91 RH Watt

79 —— Macauley bookkeeper 75 John Jones blaksmith Toronto Bridge

drover bookkeeper

drover

Co 90 vacant 90 Ed Shingler sausage maker73 Samuel McKee 90 Ed Shingler sausage maker 73 vacant 73 Fred Hayward porter

82 John Keeler 79 James Crawford 79 James Crawford 89 James Crawford

provisions

69 Robert Young builder driver 69 Robert Young driver 69 Robert Young driver

Alfred Packham letter carrier

88 John Burgess laborer carpenter carpenter 88 D Southerland mfr carpenter 88 D Southerland mfr

64 66 68 70 72 82 88 90

100–102 (J Curtin) 104 106

82 Edward Curtis

82 Henry Smith painter 82 Edward Curtis

Mrs Jane Fleming

12, 14, 18, 20, vacant,

12, 16, 18, 20, vacant,

112 114 118 (D Barnett)

musician

built to the lane 67 Frank Guest, built to the lane incl 48 musician 67 Frank Guest, 67 George Mundy mldr messenger messenger 120 (R Pendrich)124 126 132 80 James Sinclair clerk 80 James Sinclair clerk Ontario Bank 80 James Sinclair clerk Ontario Bank west to Northcote George Wood, stonemason Wood, George George Wood, stonemason Wood, George west to Northcote D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer vacant George Wood, stonemason Wood, George Richard Pendrick Richard polisher D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer MJ Daniels, laborer 62 Henry Smith painter vacant Edwin Edwards machinist Richard Pendrick Richard polisher D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer MJ Daniels, laborer Henry Smith painter vacant Edwin Edwards machinist Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery 36 Mrs R Cleary widow Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, 4.ED Armour barrister Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant 2 James G Thompson clerk in rev Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, 1. Gordon William Seaton 1. Gordon barrister ED Armour barrister Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow 3. Gordon William Seaton 3. Gordon barrister ED Armour barrister 16 Peter Trowern Engineer vacant vacant 3. vacant 1. vacant Peter Trowern Engineer Peter Trowern Engineer

78 James Beilby grocer 78 James Beilby grocer 78 James Beilby grocer

MJ Daniels, laborer MJ Daniels, laborer MJ Daniels, laborer

ARGYLE STREET 70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell, 70 William Earl fruit dealer 78–80 Joseph Grimason, gro 76 J Pearson butcher 63 F Rodgers drover 57 F Rodgers drover druggist/grocer 57 F Rodgers drover

68 Edwin Rosseter brushmaker 55 John Pearson butcher vacant lots 68 Edwin Rosseter brushmaker two stores building 76 Frederick Denman, laborer

55 John Pearson butcher

59 Samuel Watt butcher

66 Frederick Denman, laborer

53 vacant 53 Samuel Watt butcher 53 Patrick McConvey 74 Robert Verrall laborer

64 Robert Verrall laborer

64 Robert Verrall laborer 51 John Pendrel grocer drover

49 P McConvey drover 49 John Pendrel grocer

1. James Smith painter 51 John Pendrel grocer 2. James Smith painter

2. James Smith painter H Earl

James Bowell GIVINS SCHOOL GIVINS SCHOOL H Earl GIVINS SCHOOL 47 FB Hawkes plumber 70 John Pegg bricklayer

60 John Pegg bricklayer 49 P McConvey drover

60 John Pegg bricklayer

47 vacant

31 Joseph Grimason unﬁnished church unﬁnished church vacant lot

John McCool machinist 45 George Wallis, John McCool machinist 45 James Hatch, tinsmith

45 James Hatch, tinsmith

62 Charles Moore, butcher

72: Robert Smith, 72: Alex Smith, tinsmith 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR 72: Robert Smith, 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR

brushmaker 43 H Sherridan brushmaker 43 H Sherridan brushmaker 43 WH Davis boots and 60 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer

shoemaker 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer cooper Patrick Kennedy, shoes Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, William Brown Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, 41shoemaker vacant William Brown 41 S Temple shoemaker 70 Jeremiah Driscoll 41 vacant William Brown 70 Dennis Driscoll 70 Dennis Driscoll 52 George Ovend lab 15 John Matson builder

vacant 67 Alfred Barrett, hat

44 vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 15 John Matson builder 44 George Ovrid laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker vacant 57: Thomas Hetherington 15 John Matson builder vacant

61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 39.5 A Green grocer 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 35 vacant 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 57: Thomas Hetherington 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 59 61 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 JH Pattinson dry 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer three to the lane three

two to the lane maker grocer 40 George Coxon, carpenter 59 Alfred Barrett, hat goods 40 George Coxon, carpenter 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 46 George Coxon, carpenter 74 George Austin blacksmith 17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman 39 JH Pattinson dry 65 JS Bond waggon 17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 66: John Mathews, 37 Henry Ray butcher 66: John Mathews, 37A Green Daniel grocer Glyn butcher 66: John Mathews, 37goods Henry Mansell butcher maker grocery 38 William Levack butcher grocery 38 William Levack butcher grocery 44 James Hook, butcher 63 E Smith widow J 72 Thomas Hicks blacksmith

35 vacant 57 JS Bond waggon 35 vacant 57 JS Bond waggon 35 William Reeves baker

maker 33 William Beckett carpr maker 33 William Beckett carpr 61 John McGee lab 42 JamesThompson fireman 36 Robert Thompson fireman 36 Robert Thompson fireman 33 JH Pattinson dry Mrs H Nicholas Mrs H Nicholas 31.5 James Hayes gro 31.5goods` vacant 55 George Stanton bricklayer 31 Robert Brown barber 55 George Stanton bricklayer 59 William Robinson 53 James B Reid 53 Robert Joslin tanner brushmaker 66 John Maloney crptr

64 Robert Smith, Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, Ambrose Tucker brush mfr 51 AH Bond machinist brush mfr 51.5 DG Mowatt baggageman bricklayer brush mfr bricklayer bricklayer

51 David Glover laborer 31 William J McClelland, 49 John Verrall butcher 31 William J McClelland 49 John Verrall butcher construction 31 William J McClelland 51 William Garwood lab construction 62 John Lambert butcher construction 62 William Hickson tailor 62 F White lab drover 49 Francis Jamison [?] 62 John Lowery carter drover 47 William McGowan laborer drover 47 William McGowan laborer 47 William McGowan laborer 45 William Verrall sailor 45 William Verrall sailor construction 29 William Reeves baker 34 Charles Martin James Thair painter construction 29 Mrs Eliza Merritt dressmaker 43 Thomas Butler laborer construction 29 Mrs Eliza Merritt dressmaker 45 F Jamison lab Mrs Fisher widow James Thair painter 43 Thomas Butler laborer Mrs Fisher widow James Thair painter Mrs Fisher widow 60 James Cain poultry dlr 43 Thomas Butler laborer 60 James Kain poultry dlr 60 James Kain poultry dlr 27 vacant lot

27 vacant 27 vacant lot 41: vacant 32 Henry Bracken drover 58 James Anthony carpr 25: Henry Mansell butcher 30 Charles Reeves 25: Henry Mansell butcher 30 Mrs Major 58 William Lambert butcher laborer 58 John Lambert butcher widow 45 George Austin blacksmith George Weekes, 25 Joseph Farr plasterer

39 James Cherry commercial George Weekes, 39 J Gaussuin cabinet maker George Weekes, 39 J Gaussuin cabinet maker 30 Patrick Wilson laborer carpenter William Bell clerk 28 Charles Gooderham carpenter 28 J Eversﬁeld laborer carpenter traveler Alfred Hobbs hatter 23: William McClelland butcher 23: William McClelland butcher Alfred Hobbs hatter 26 Patrick Wilson laborer Alfred Hobbs hatter 43 Thomas Hicks blacksmith 14 18 26 32 34 36 38 42 44 46 52 58 60 62 64 68 70 72 74 76 23: William McClelland butcher 26 Andrew Mason lab 56 Robert Bruce painter Seventeen houses inhabited Thirteen houses including 29, 33, 35, 37, 39 26 Patrick Wilson laborer 8 10 37 John Robertson guard CP Three houses Three inhabited 21: Robert Twanard 24 William Longhead carpenter houses inhabited Two 21: Robert Whillans 21: James Carruthers carpr William Wesbroom draper stonemason 24 William Wilson laborer 39 Terry Thomas carpr William Wesbroom draper 24 J Haslam butcher 41 TJ Batstone tel inst maker William Wesbroom draper 19: Jonathan G Keeler, 22 Francis Kemp carpenter 19: Jonathan G Keeler, 22 James Lee lab 54 Alfred Cooper baker 22 Moses Morton laborer 19: vacant 4 C Hudson lab clerk vacant clerk 37 TJ Botstone lab 2 —— Rose lab D McKinstry stonecutter side entrance J Bolton laborer 56 Frank Wootten 20 R Salmon helper GTR 20 George Semples laborer 20 Lee James laborer 33 John Allen carpenter publisher 52 John Roney painter 36 Theodore Zinkernagel, 18 D McKinstry Theodore Zinkernagel, 18 Henry Boulton laborer 34 Alex Gibson ﬁtter 36 Theodore Zinkernagel, 35 William Levack butcher stonecutter 31 Benj Price police constable carriage builder carriage builder carriage builder 32 George Bruce painter 50 Peter Oster milk dlr 29 Fred Hayward waiter 14 16 18 F Kemp carpr Frank Wootten publisher Frank Wootten publisher 30 Alfred Cooper baker seven 48 William Humphries butcher

46 Cruit 27 WF Jamieson houses

19 Alex McClellan, carpenter

Arch Locke agent 24 vacant 28 WF Jamieson building 13: Daniel Mackevoy

13: Thomas Moran, laborer 13: Daniel Mackevoy

laborer

[pf of laborer 24 Peter Oster milk dlr 7 9 21 23 17 Hugh Johnson, printer

music] []

24 Henry Leach ﬁreman

5, 7 5, 7 11: Mrs John Barton,

22 Alfred Batho carpenter 22 Alfred Batho carpenter 25 27 29 24 Henry Leach foreman 24 Henry Leach foreman 33: Charles McDermot three 11: Mrs John Barton, 33: Charles McDermot one more 11: Mrs John Barton, 33: Charles McDermot [] six widow 31 33 35

dairyman widow widow

more houses vacant

dairyman dairyman 1–7 “orson 20 John Colts ﬂour and Charles Martin lab 37 two

building 20 vacant 7 George Robertson 17 Alex McClellan, carpenter 20 John Colts ﬂour and 7 George Robertson tailor William Finley laborer houses terrace” 9 11feed 7 George Robertson tailor feed 17 Alex McClellan, carpenter 42 44 46 13 15 17 19 31

8–12 18 B Bowbeer window

building

5 Stephen G Saywell, 18 John Cox window 5 vacant vacant 48 three 5 Henry Burrows shoemaker 23: Thomas McKen 18 vacant “orson 33 35 37 39 shade41 mfr

vacant harness 21: Thomas McKen vacant 21: Thomas McKen

Hugh Johnson, printer shade mfr 15 Hugh Johnson, printer houses pl” 16 William Armstrong laborer 16 vacant 16 William Fillrey laborer laborer 16 William Armstrong 16 William Tilney laborer laborer 51 53 55 57 59 3 John Laird pictureframer 3 Clarissa Dimma, stationery 1–7 “orton pl” 3 Thomas Batty machinist vacant building 2, 4, 6, 10, 61 63 65 drug vacant vacant 17, 19, 21, 23,drug 12, 18, 20, FIRE HALL FIRE HALL 25, 29, 31 FIRE HALL AND 12: Albert Barton 28, 34, 36,

12: Albert Barton 12: Albert Barton 1 James Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale

AND AND 1 Mrs Sarah Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale 1 James Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale POLICE watchmaker 2–6 POLICE watchmaker 2–6 POLICE watchmaker 46 60 68 widow widow widow STATION

“orson STATION “orson STATION

1–7 “orton pl”

Robert Wilson

vacant pl” pl” 820 Henry Allen saddler Robert Wilson Robert Wilson 824 Louis Richey carpenter 828 James Halbrook carpr 828 James Halbrook 17, 19, 21, 23, bricklayer Andrews 826 George

accountant

810 John Dunn, gardener 798 RS Rcihardson carpenter 798 RS Rcihardson 796 John Burns flour and feed 798 Thomas Davey saddler 798 Henry Allen saddler 800 Louis Richey carpenter 804 William Earl fruit 800 Louis Richey carpenter 780 Alfred Clayton machinist 780 Alfred 804: JH Hutty druggist 778 F Hunnisett butcher 802 William Harwood carpenter 804: JH Hutty druggist 802 William Harwood carpenter 758 T Hook of E Leadlay&Co 764 John Batstone lab 772 William Stagg tanner 774 Michael Caron tanner 774 Michael Caron accountant 2, 4, 6, 10, accountant fireman 776 Joseph Collard 788 James F Colby coal/wood 25, 29, 31 2, 4, 6, 10, 784 Mrs E Rorke tailoress 792 John Dunn, gardener 792 John Dunn, gardener 788 John Allen carpenter 788 RS Rcihardson carpenter 788 RS Rcihardson 848: Edward W Barton 848: Edward mfr broom 816–18 RH Graham flour and feed

786 Charles Logie gro 790 Ben Parker fruiterer 790 Ben Parker fruiterer 862 HR Ives & Co iron 862 HR Ives & Co iron works vacant lot 12, 16, 20, 12, 18, 20, 780 Joseph Dilworth ﬂour and feed 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom 796 John Burns ice merchant

Lewis Ritchey, carpenter W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom 858 Robert Brown 858 Robert Brown barber 852 John Seaman spring bed mfr 874 Robert Brown 826 Edwin Franklin dealer 826 vacant 758 Thomas Hook trader 938WJ Johnson eng 758 Thomas Hook trader 764 : John Blake, agent 764 : John Blake, agent stable

28, 36 Charles Logie, grocer 28, 34, 36 1 Charles Logie, grocer and 942 Miller and Cook gro butcher 820 JS Bond waggon maker 820 JS Bond waggon maker 936 George Steckles polishing 936 George powder mfr 932 D Mowat brakesman 886 SJ Brewes Carpenter 886 SJ Brewes 930 EW Barton brush mfr 832 R baker brown 928 HD Taylor mech 928 HD Taylor supt CVR 866 Phoenix Hotel 926 William Ward estate agent 926 William Ward 884 WJ Johnson eng 764 John Batstone lab Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter 888 Miller and Cook gro and 888 Miller and Cook gro butcher George Steckles agent George 882 George Steckles agent 882 George 878 C Miller widow R 886 SJ Brewes Carpenter 886 SJ Brewes 876 William Elkins builder 872 William Ward estate agent 872 William Ward vacant

Phoenix Phoenix Hotel Hotel Figure 7.3: 1871: despite new streets since 1861 (gure 7.1), patterns of settlement fun- damentally the same: pioneering houses on Argyle west of Ossington and primordial Givins Quarter; smattering on Ossington and elsewhere. 1880 (also gure 7.7): nearly the full complement of streets, organized mass development; ready for the mid-1880s (g- ures 8.1), the decade in which our area essen- tially lled out (gures 4.12 and 11.1) 61

7.2 1870s

B 1870 would witness a burst of growth throughout the neighbourhood (gures 7.3). The requisite infrastructure was in place: by 1873, a map

of the re hydrant network clearly highlights the area as a small bulb just Figure 7.4: Toronto re hydrants 1876: our beyond a semicircle enclosing the rest of the city (gure 7.4); within two area, left, a bulbous outpost (Copp-Clark Wa- decades, residents would pack densely into a network of streets and laneways terworks Plan) according to an 1878 map notably more densely interconnected than any other in Toronto (gure 7.5). By 1880, Ossington had at least forty buildings on it (gures 7.3(bottom, l), 7.7)—about which more will be said after sketching advancements in its surroundings.

Growth in the district The pimordial Givins Quarter was by 1880 occupied by fourteen working-class houses (gure 7.7). Despite its early lead over the Denison family in establishing the legal framework for development of its Park Lot, the Givins family pursued land development with a rather fainter enthusiasm. Givins Bruce-to-Argyle was developing as a gingerly mixed Figure 7.5: Visual grain of the Toronto grid, income district, with a pair of meat packers among two dozen otherwise 1878: our area notably tighter (Historical At- las of County of York: compare gure 4.9) working-class households: notably, the northwest corner of Givins and Bruce (with its contemporary schoolteachers’ parking lot) was by now a stockyard controlled by the Levack family (gure 7.6)—and would so remain until its early twentieth century removal to the union stockyards at St Clair and Keele. The generous lots on Givins above Argyle housed a more bourgeois collection of four meatpacking families and a pair of professionals. Argyle east of Ossington had acquired (in addition to Peter Trowern) another resident, the widow Rosanna Cleary, in a now-demolished house at contemporary 48–50 Argyle. Halton Street, too, remained scarcely inhabited: ancient Cecilia Givins was joined across the street by William Bell, engineer. Crossing Ossington, by now closing on one hundred households had mushroomed on the older Foxley and Cedar and the brand new rational gridiron of the Southwestern Quadrant.

Growth on Ossington Turning to Ossington, very few buildings present in 1868 have been lost by 1880. Novel construction by 1880 (with its 1880 inhabi- Figure 7.6: Slaughterhouses in the Givins tants) includes: a cluster of six wood frame houses on the Argyle-to-Halton Quarter (‘May’ is now Bruce Street). (1889 Insurance Plan of the City of Toronto) block (two cattle dealers, four workers); the northern and southern stretches of the Argyle-to-Foxley block (a grocer on each corner, three laborers, and a clerk); the near entirety of the Argyle-to-Bruce block (four meatpackers, a handful of artisans and retailers), with the sole vacant lot being contemporary 121–125 Ossington and gaps in the streetwall only in the southern halves of contemporary 111 and 103 Ossington; Argyle-to-Humbert is largely lled in (the block remains the province of the historic Smith brushmaking family, but now joined by a cattle dealer, a poultry dealer, a clerk, and a grocer among a total of about seven households); Bruce-to-Rebecca had developed 62

1880

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

Wm 108 William Crealock

Featherstonehaugh butcher

71 John B Read, Barrister bursar Mrs Cecil Givins [!]

Robert Wills carpenter 60 Widow of Thomas K

Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

vacant eight houses built to

59 Captain Harry Moody Grove Ave Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter 58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL Mrs SB Harrison widow

registrar HALTON STREET

15 Mrs E Foster widow C 94 Hugh Robb William Bell engineeer

grocer

13 JamesCharles Rose bricklayer Weeks builder

twentyf-ﬁve houses 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher including 10, 12, rest 11: WJ Dempster baker unnumbered Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist

Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 91 Edward Lemon George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer Thomas Smith chemist J Donovan sr bricklayer cattle dealer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 95 Jesse Dunn

7 John Knifton bookkeeper James Kempt carpenter

cattle dealer 92 Mrs Logan grocer 85 James Hooke butcher

5: Edward Clare, laborer 89 William Cruit clerk 1–3 John Dempster, 81 Thomas Mundy baker gardener 94 John Dunn 81 William Martin

79 —— Macauley bookkeeper drover

90 vacant 73 vacant 82 John Keeler 79 James Crawford

69 Robert Young builder driver

Alfred Packham letter carrier

88 John Burgess laborer carpenter

82 Henry Smith painter

Mrs Jane Fleming

12, 14, 18, 20, vacant,

built to the lane 67 Frank Guest, messenger 80 James Sinclair clerk Ontario Bank George Wood, stonemason Wood, George D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer vacant Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow 1. Gordon William Seaton 1. Gordon barrister ED Armour barrister vacant vacant 3. vacant 78 James Beilby grocer Peter Trowern Engineer MJ Daniels, laborer

70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell, 57 F Rodgers drover druggist/grocer

55 John Pearson butcher 68 Edwin Rosseter brushmaker

66 Frederick Denman, laborer

53 vacant 64 Robert Verrall laborer 51 John Pendrel grocer 49 P McConvey drover

2. James Smith painter

James Bowell GIVINS SCHOOL

47 vacant 60 John Pegg bricklayer

45 George Wallis, John McCool machinist

72: Alex Smith, tinsmith 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR brushmaker 43 H Sherridan shoemaker 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, William Brown 41 vacant 70 Jeremiah Driscoll 44 vacant 15 John Matson builder vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer three to the lane three grocer 40 George Coxon, carpenter 59 Alfred Barrett, hat

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 66: John Mathews, 37 Henry Ray butcher grocery 38 William Levack butcher

35 vacant 57 JS Bond waggon maker 33 JH Pattinson dry 36 Robert Thompson ﬁremanMrs H Nicholas 31.5goods` vacant 55 George Stanton bricklayer 53 James B Reid Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, bricklayer brush mfr 51 AH Bond machinist construction 31 William J McClelland, 49 John Verrall butcher 62 John Lambert butcher drover 47 William McGowan laborer 45 William Verrall sailor construction 29 Mrs Eliza Merritt dressmaker 43 Thomas Butler laborer James Thair painter Mrs Fisher widow

60 James Kain poultry dlr 27 vacant 41: vacant 25: Henry Mansell butcher 30 Charles Reeves laborer George Weekes, William Bell clerk 28 Charles Gooderham 39 J Gaussuin cabinet maker carpenter 23: William McClelland butcher Alfred Hobbs hatter 26 Patrick Wilson laborer Seventeen houses inhabited

Three houses Three inhabited 21: Robert Twanard 24 William Longhead carpenter William Wesbroom draper 41 TJ Batstone tel inst maker 19: Jonathan G Keeler, 22 Francis Kemp carpenter clerk vacant D McKinstry stonecutter side entrance 20 George Semples laborer 33 John Allen carpenter 18 D McKinstry Theodore Zinkernagel, stonecutter 31 Benj Price police constable carriage builder Frank Wootten publisher 29 Fred Hayward waiter

27 WF Jamieson Arch Locke agent 24 vacant

13: Thomas Moran, laborer

5, 7

22 Alfred Batho carpenter

24 Henry Leach foreman three 11: Mrs John Barton, 33: Charles McDermot

more widow vacant dairyman 20 vacant 7 George Robertson 17 Alex McClellan, carpenter 18 vacant 5 Stephen G Saywell,

vacant harness 21: Thomas McKen

Hugh Johnson, printer 16 William Fillrey laborer laborer 16 vacant 3 Clarissa Dimma, stationery vacant FIRE HALL

12: Albert Barton AND 1 Mrs Sarah Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale 2–6 POLICE watchmaker widow “orson STATION 1–7 “orton pl”

Robert Wilson vacant pl” 17, 19, 21, 23,

796 John Burns ﬂour and feed 798 Thomas Davey saddler 800 Louis Richey carpenter 804: JH Hutty druggist accountant 2, 4, 6, 10, 25, 29, 31 802 William Harwood carpenter 792 John Dunn, gardener 788 John Allen carpenter 790 Ben Parker fruiterer

12, 16, 20, vacant lot

Lewis Ritchey, carpenter W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom

826 Edwin Franklin dealer 758 Thomas Hook trader 28, 36 Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent 820 JS Bond waggon maker Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter George Steckles agent George vacant

Phoenix Hotel

Figure 7.7: Our area, 1880 63

early with a complement of ve buildings by 1871 (gure 7.3(top, l)) and seven by 1873 (gure 7.3(top, r)), exactly all of which remain in 1880 (three meatpackers; a clerk; a vacant house previously occupied serially by a shoemaker, a saddler, and a blind-maker; and a Mrs Elizabeth Merritt, dressmaker); Humbert-to-Queen witnessed in that decade the 1876 demolition of Brookeld (which had since the 1850s served as a mansion for a cattle dealer, a smithy, a tavern, a residence for a branch of the restless Barton family, and again a smithy until being abandoned for good by 1874: contrast gures 7.3(second, r) and 7.3(second, l))—but also the 1878 erection of the re hall and police station (gure 7.3(third, c)) along with, between 1878 and 1880 (gure 7.3(bottom, l)), a half dozen buildings to its north (generally occupied by the publisher Frank Wootten and, in short tenancies, by a revolving group of small manufacturers and traders in our and feed).

Figure 7.8: Five ‘reliquary’ buildings: 13 and 15 Ossington (1880: red); the rehall at 16/18 Ossington (1878: blue); 26/28 and 30/32 Oss- ington (1879: green) (1884 Goad’s Fire Atlas)

Ossington’s reliquary Of the buildings on Ossington in 1880, exactly eight remain. Their contemporary addresses are 13, 15, 89, 91, 16/18, 26/28, 30/32, Figure 7.9: Two ‘reliquary’ buildings: 89 Oss- and 154 (gures 7.8, 7.9, 7.10). City directories aord estimates of the dates of ington (1871: red); 91 Ossington (1871: blue) (1884 Goad’s Fire Atlas) construction of these buildings. 13 and 15 Ossington (gures 7.12(l), (c)) were rst recorded in 1880 as inhabited by George Robertson, tailor, and Stephen Saywell, harness manufacturer. 89 and 91 Ossington (gures 7.12(r), 7.13(l)) appear to be the oldest remaining buildings on the Ossington Strip, recorded in 1871 as the residences of a pair of painters, Charles Shaw and James Thayer— 89 is distinctively noteworthy as it preserves its original generous and graceful fenestration (akin to that visible in 1920s photographs of a contemporaneous

dilapidated and now destroyed building at 67 Ossington, to be discussed Figure 7.10: A ‘reliquary’ building: 154 Oss- further below, in sections 11.2 and 11.3). 16/18 Ossington is, of course, the ington (1877: red) (1884 Goad’s Fire Atlas) 1878 re hall (gures 7.13(c), (r)): without its clocktower (gure 7.11), Julie Lasky of the New York Times has noted its resemblance to a pilgrim hat. 26/28 is recorded in 1879 as the dry goods shop of William Brown (gure 7.14(l)); 30/32 is rst recorded in 1880 with its rst recorded inhabitant the 1881 window shade manufacturer John Cox (gure 7.14(c)). And 154 Ossington is rst recorded in 1877 as the middle class residence of William Bell, engineer (gure 7.14(r)). 64

Figure 7.11: The rehall at 16/18 Ossington, its clock tower still intact 65

Figure 7.12: Saltbox construction from 1880: 13 Ossington (l) and 15 Ossington (c); from 1871, the ‘boomtown’-style 89 Ossington with original fenestration (r)

Figure 7.13: Also from 1871, 91 Ossington (l); the 1878 rehall (c); the rehall’s marshalling yard (r), now a parking lot, has never had a building on it

Figure 7.14: More saltbox construction across the street, from 1879: 26/28 Ossington (l) and 30/32 Ossington (c); a middle-class house from 1877, 154 Ossington (r)

8 The transitional era

T 1881 1884 witnesses more gradual change (gure 8.1). In the neighbourhood, this takes the form largely of lling in gaps on previously developed residential streets west of Ossington, of pushing the boundaries of the developed region southwesterly and northeasterly out to Queen-Dovercourt and Shaw-Argyle, and of reinforcing Givins above Argyle as a retreat for elite livestock dealers; Argyle Street takes on its contemporary name in 1881 and breaks through Dovercourt, running west now as far as Northcote; the Denisons have by now conclusively overtaken the Givinses in the development game, with Halton and eastern Argyle remaining only primitively developed, in striking contrast with the rapidly completing Southwestern Quadrant.

1882 1883 1884 33 DN Black

vacant lot

houses building vacant lot George Featherston vacant lots 175 George D Perry 110 John A Donaldson 122 vacant house GROVE AVE 110 John A Donaldson Robert Young GROVE AVE

175 George D Perry emigration agent

GROVE AVE vacant lots 120 vacant store 12 Henry Grieff emigration agent 10 William Brown vacant lots 8 Johnson Matchett 6 Frederick Matthews 4 George Davie vacant lot

houses building

9 Wm 108 Henry Griff

9 Wm

108 John A Wismer

Featherstonehaugh 9 Wm

Featherstonehaugh school teacher

bursar CP Mrs Cecil Givins [!] Featherstonehaugh Mrs Cecil Givins [!] bursar CP 173 Roxanna Read Miss Cecil Givins

71 John B Read, Barrister G Stanton bricklayer bursar CP

G Stanton bricklayer 176 Widow of Thomas K 173 Roxanna Read

60 Widow of Thomas K 7 Robert Coldstock

171 Mrs SB Harrison 176 Widow of Thomas K vacant lot Morgan unﬁnished house vacant lot Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow 13 David Barnett vacant lot

widow Morgan 171 Mrs SB Harrison

Francis Guest

Alfred Cooper Alfred widow

169 Ralph Brunker 8 12 14 26 28 40 48 110 John A Donaldson vacant

59 Captain Harry

8 12 14 26 28 40 48

169 Ralph Brunker Moody emigration agent

Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

143 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker

John Curtis carpenter Daniel Driscoll, laborer Mrs HF Ambery Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter Mrs SB Harrison widow Daniel Driscoll, laborer Mrs HF Ambery Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector Mrs SB Harrison widow ST ANN’S SCHOOL RH Browne lands dept crown vacant 143 Rev Frederick Thomas Crouch carpenter William Dempster baker ST ANN’S SCHOOL 172 Charles Lindsay, city Groves John Curtis carpenter

58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves Mrs SB Harrison widow

ST ANN’S SCHOOL

172 Charles Lindsay, city Groves

registrar

registrar 8

108 William C Wilcox

registrar

7 9

15 Mrs E Foster widow C 94 William Bell 94 William Bell

1 7 9 W Barton Edward

1 7 9 A Denison architect 94 JV Tuthill grocer

grocer

Edward W Barton Edward

Charles Rose bricklayer

13 James Weeks builder

11 13 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 Charles Rose bricklayer

115 John Bulman

11 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 11 13 15 15.5 17 19 21 23

31 33 35 37 41 43 45 47 51 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass finisher 115 John Bulman, builder 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass finisher 91 Edward Lemon 37 41 43 47 51 53 55 59 61 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 41 43 91 Edward Lemon 53 55 5759 61 63 65 67 69 B Hawkes 39 Fred brass finisher 11: WJ Dempster baker cattle dealer 91 Edward Lemon 63 65 67 69 71 77 79 81 cattle dealer 47 49 51 53 55 5759 61 63 Michael B Beasley mfr broom 71 77 81 113 Elizabeth Bulman Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant

William Wells builder William Wells cattle dealer vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells

Michael B Beasley mfr broom 113 Elizabeth Bulman Mrs Ann Kelly widow

—— Flight, pedlar 65 67 69 71 73 77 79 81 Mrs Ann Kelly widow John Bell, teamster vacant —— Flight, pedlar vacant Frank Thorp contractor William Wells builder William Wells J Donovan jr bricklayer John Bell, teamster John Cracknell plasterer Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer Mrs Ann Kelly widow

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer —— Flight, pedlar John Wilmott machinist John Bell, teamster Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent Frank Thorp contractor John Wilmott machinist

85 James Grierson J Donovan jr bricklayer Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent John Cracknell plasterer George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer

85 PC Price policeman J Donovan sr bricklayer 107 Jesse Dunn George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer John Wilmott machinist

J Donovan sr bricklayer 107 Jesse Dunn 106 John Dunn plumber J Wallis Vincent 85 Edward O Grove 19 Alex Allen compositor George Blackhall George Henry T Amos, clerk Thomas Smith chemist 106 John Dunn John A Scarlett farmer cattle dealer drover cattle dealer J Donovan sr bricklayer 106 John Dunn 107 Jesse Dunn Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer drover Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR cattle dealer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 83 R Maxwell ﬂour and 83 R Maxwell ﬂour and cattle dlr Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR James Kempt carpenter 99 AR Denison 7 John Knifton bookkeeper James Kempt carpenter 99 Robert Morris bank clerk feed

feed 81 Bell’s wood yard James Kempt carpenter 81–3 William Bell 99 AR Denison 92 Mrs Logan grocer 81 Bell’s wood yard 92 George Arl grocer

5: Edward Clare, coal&wood 79 Miss Margaret Moran 97 Thomas Crawford drover 92 Charles Tully shoemkr laborer 97 Thomas Crawford drover 77 vacant 79 Miss Margaret Moran 97 Thomas Crawford cattle

79 Thomas Everist 81 John Dempster, 102 Alfred Packham letter 102 Alfred Packham letter 1–3 John Dempster, 77 John Jones gro dealer 75 Mrs Margaret Jones

110 Alfred Packman letter

carrier 81 John Dempster, baker ﬁreman

baker carrier 94 Maria Keeler widow 91 JA McArthur 75 John Jones blaksmith 94 Mrs M Keeler widow 91 RH Watt

73 Ellen Logan carrier baker

91 JA McArthur

94 Maria Keeler widow

Toronto Bridge

75.5 Mrs E Logan gro

Co 90 Ed Shingler sausage maker

90 Ed Shingler sausage maker 69.5 Robert Young

73 Fred Hayward porter

89 James Crawford 75 George Randall

89 James Crawford 90 Ed Shingler sausage maker

carpenter

89 James Crawford cattle

69 James Rolph driver 69 Robert Young driver 88 Edwin Curtis dealer carpenter 86 George Keen hardware 88 D Southerland mfr

86 George Keen painter

64 66 68 70 72 82 88 90 84 DJ Bradley 73 James Rolph

81 89 91

100–102 (J Curtin) 104 106

82 Edward Curtis

ﬂour&feed 84 DJ Bradley

71 vacant

81 89 91 93 97 101

112 114 118 (D Barnett) musician 82 vacant 67.5 Mrs Anne 67 George Mundy mldr 103 105 93 97 101 69 Rev Wm McCullagh 120 (R Pendrich)124 126 McCullagh 103 105 82 James Hughes 132 80 James Sinclair clerk 107 109 80 John Outhet butcher furniture 67.5 RS Tyrrell MD 80 Margaret Flanigan 80 Margaret 72 George McPherson 72 George 82 James W Parker 70 Robert Moore 88 George Wright 88 George 68 Thomas R Townsend west to Northcote 90 Moses J Daniels 66 Charles Aymer 92 James Whillans 80 John Outhet butcher west to Northcote Curtain, 100–102Jeremiah laborer 107 109 64 Richard Hay 64 Richard George Wood, stonemason Wood, George 126 Edward Clare 126 Edward 67 CA McBride 124 Edward Robinson 124 Edward 120 Richard Pendrich 120 Richard 62 Henry Smith painter 118 David Barnett 114 Edward Checkley 114 Edward 112 Joseph David 110 vacant 108 William Moss 106 Silas Pittain 104 Frederick Rodway 104 Frederick D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer 40 James Hughes vacant Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer 62 Henry Smith painter 92 James Whillans Edwin Edwards machinist 38 William Fourney 36 Rosanna Clery 4 Ernest Kerghoff Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant 90 Moses J Daniels 2 George Hedges 2 George west to Northcote Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, 66 Timothy O’Brien Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery 36 Mrs R Cleary widow 68 AS Wills 4.ED Armour barrister 16 Peter Trowern Engineer 100–102Jeremiah Curtain, 100–102Jeremiah laborer 82 Anthony heinzman 72 George McPherson 72 George 2 James G Thompson clerk in rev 64 Frederick Tutty 64 Frederick 84 G MacGregor

126 Edward Clare 126 Edward 67 CA McBride druggist 124 Edward Grifﬁths 124 Edward 86 TJ Gerry 120 Richard Pendrich 120 Richard 62 Henry Smith painter 118 Owen Shea 114 John McCool 112 David Brown 110 Edward Checkley 110 Edward 108 William Moss 106 Silas Pittain 80 Margaret Flanigan 80 Margaret 104 Frederick Rodway 104 Frederick 16 Peter Trowern Engineer 86.5 JT Richardson 88 JT Martin 42 CA McBride 70 Robert Moore 40 Robert Wray 38 Rosanna Clery 4 Joseph Power 2 George Hedges 2 George 36 AF Haslam 16 Peter Trowern Engineer

78 James Beilby grocer 78 James Beilby grocer

78 James Beilby grocer MJ Daniels, laborer

78–80 Joseph Grimason, gro 78–80 Joseph Grimason, gro 76 J Pearson butcher 76 J Pearson butcher 63 F Rodgers drover 80 F Rooney gro 63 F Rodgers drover

63 F Rodgers drover

vacant lots vacant lots 61 vacant lot 78 Edwin Rossiter 74 George Austin blacksmith 74 vacant 76 Frederick Denman, laborer 76 Frederick Denman, laborer two stores building

59 Samuel Watt butcher 76 Frederick Denman, laborer

59 Samuel Watt butcher 76 Joseph Clark baker

59 Samuel Watt butcher

72 Robert Bruce

57 JW Lambert 53 Patrick McConvey

74 Robert Verrall laborer 74 Robert Verrall laborer 53 Patrick McConvey 74 Robert Verrall laborer drover 51 vacant 74 vacant 53 Patrick McConvey Frank Wootten drover 51 vacant 49 John Pendrel grocer 49 Thomas McCollin 1. James Smith painter drover 70 Charles Patchet 1. James Smith painter

53 John Pearson H Earl

H Earl GIVINS SCHOOL GIVINS SCHOOL 49 Arthur Thomas Fruits 1. James Smith painter

70 Francis Thorpe 47 FB Hawkes plumber 47 FB Hawkes plumber 70 John Pegg bricklayer GIVINS SCHOOL

31 Joseph Grimason unﬁnished church unﬁnished church vacant lot

31 Joseph Grimason unﬁnished church unﬁnished church vacant lot 47 FB Hawkes plumber 62 Charles Moore, butcher 66 Peter Selvren

45 James Hatch, tinsmith 31 Joseph Grimason reformed episcopal reformed church 45 James Hatch, tinsmith 27 Mrs Fanny Rooney

45 James Hatch, tinsmith 62 Charles Moore, butcher 72 James Anthony 43.5 Henry Pritchard 62 Charles Moore, butcher 60 Timothy McCarthy, laborer 69 vacant

72: Robert Smith,

brushmaker 43 WH Davis boots and 43 WH Davis boots and 72 James Anthony 60 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer 60 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer 43.5 Henry Pritchard 58 TH Allen Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, shoes Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, shoes William Brown William Brown drygoods 67 vacant 41 S Temple shoemaker 70 Charles Martin cooper Patrick Kennedy, 56 Robert Ralston 70 Dennis Driscoll 41 Silas Dunton 52 George Overn lab William Brown 43 WH Davis shoemaker 62 John Lowery carter 15 John Matson builder

52 George Ovend lab vacant 54 William Levack cattle dlr 15 John Matson builder 35 vacant vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 67 Alfred Barrett, hat 19 John Wilmot laborer 70 Charles Martin 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 35 vacant 57: Thomas Hetherington 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 39.5 A Green grocer Edgar Thwaites laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 57: Thomas Hetherington 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 39.5 A Green grocer 67 AM Barrett 59 61

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker vacant lot 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 15 John Matson builder 41 JA Jones 2d hand 59 61 vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker maker 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 46 George Coxon, carpenter 74 George Austin blacksmith 46 George Coxon, carpenter 74 George Austin blacksmith 555–61 houses building 39.5goods AA Green fancy 65 vacant 17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman 17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman 39 JH Pattinson dry 65 JS Bond waggon 39 JH Pattinson dry 65 JS Bond waggon goods

66: John Mathews, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman 46 George Coxon, carpenter 65 JS Bond waggon 66: John Mathews, 37goods Henry Mansell butcher maker 37goods Henry Mansell butcher 44 James Hook, butcher maker 39 JH Pattinson dry grocery 44 James Hook, butcher 63 E Smith widow J grocery 63 E Smith widow J 66: John Mathews, 37goods Henry Mansell butcher maker 58 Patrick Glynn 72 Thomas Hicks blacksmith 44 Henry Hiorns 35 William Reeves baker 72 Thomas Hicks blacksmith 35 William Reeves baker grocery 63 Frederick Smith

61 Robert Breen 35 William Reeves baker 33 William Beckett carpr 42 JamesThompson fireman 61 John McGee lab 42 Robert Thompson fireman 33 William Stewart 59 William Robinson 42 Robert Thompson fireman 61 John Winfield 31.5 James Hayes gro 33 William Stewart 59 William Robinson 59 William Robinson brushmaker59 William Robinson 31shoemaker James Hayes gro 56 John Campbell brushmaker 66 John Maloney crptr 31.5 James Hayes gro brushmaker57 John Curran 66 John Maloney crptr cattle yards brushmaker Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, 55 John Jones 57 John Curran bricklayer brush mfr bricklayer brush mfr 31 Matthew Rose Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, 55 David Chisholm 53 JH Smith bricklayer brush mfr 31 Matthew Rose 31 William J McClelland 51 William Garwood lab 29 William J McClelland 51 Emery De Munn 53 William T Jamieson 54 Mrs N Ingram construction 62 F White lab construction 62 F White lab 49 Francis Jamison [?] 29 William J McClelland 51 Mrs H Nichols drover 49 Francis Jamison [?] 62 John Lowery carter 53 57 59 drover 62 John Lowery carter construction 62 F White lab 49 Joseph Hughes 47 William McGowan laborer 61 63 69 47 William McGowan laborer 53 55 57 drover 52 Frederick Nottingham construction 34 James Blair 59 61 63

construction 34 Charles Martin James Thair painter 29 William Reeves baker 71 73 45 Albert Haslem Mrs Fisher widow 47 William McGowan laborer James Thair painter 45 F Jamison lab Mrs Fisher widow 60 James Cain poultry dlr construction 34 James Blair 50 Gorum Powers James Thair painter 60 James Cain poultry dlr 53 57 59 69 71 73 45 Henry David Mrs Fisher widow 43 Thomas Butler laborer

27 vacant lot 60 James Cain poultry dlr

61 63 69 32 Henry Bracken drover 58 James Anthony carpr 32 Henry Bracken drover 43 Thomas Butler laborer 58 James Anthony carpr 58 William Lambert butcher 71 73 58 William Lambert butcher 32 Henry Bracken drover 43 Thomas Butler laborer 48 George W Frank

25 Joseph Farr plasterer 25 Benjamin Newson George Weekes, 39 James Cherry commercial George Weekes, 39 James Cherry commercial 58 John Donnelly 25 Benjamin Newson

carpenter 30 Patrick Wilson laborer traveler carpenter 30 Patrick Wilson laborer traveler George Weekes, 39 James Cherry commercial 46 William Atkinson Alfred Hobbs hatter Alfred Hobbs hatter carpenter 30 Patrick Wilson laborer traveler 14 16 18 26 32 34 36 38 42 44 46 52 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 14 18 26 32 34 36 38 42 44 46 52 58 60 62 64 68 70 72 74 76 23: William McClelland butcher 26 Andrew Mason lab 56 Robert Bruce painter 23: William McClelland butcher 26 James Brodie 56 Robert Bruce painter Alfred Hobbs hatter 8 10

8 10 37 John Robertson guard CP 14 16 18 26 32 34 36 38 42 44 46 52 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 23: William McClelland butcher 26 John Britton

21: James Carruthers carpr 21: James Carruthers carpr 8 10 12 William Wesbroom draper 24 J Haslam butcher William Wesbroom draper 24 Thomas Everist 21: James Carruthers carpr 63 Theodore Zinkernagel, 37 John Streets William Wesbroom draper 24 Michael Cruise carriage builder 22 James Lee lab 54 Alfred Cooper baker 22 James Lee lab 54 Alfred Cooper baker 37 John Street Charles Hudson 19: vacant 4 C Hudson lab 19: John G Keeler 22 James Lee lab 2 —— Rose lab

2 —— Rose lab 3 7 9 13 56 Frank Wootten 20 R Salmon helper GTR 56 Frank Wootten 20 R Salmon helper GTR 1 lane 9 19: John G Keeler vacant lots 15 17 19 9 20 R Salmon helper GTR 20 JF Gohn 23 Alfred Clayson publisher 52 John Roney painter 36 Theodore Zinkernagel, 21 23 25 publisher 52 John Roney painter 36 Theodore Zinkernagel, 11 13 15 56 Frank Wootten 35 William Levack butcher 35 William Levack butcher carriage builder 17 19 21 publisher 18 William Jones 19 Alex McClellan, carpenter carriage builder 27 29 31 35 George Burge 16 James Enderley 50 Peter Oster milk dlr 33 35 37 50 Peter Oster milk dlr 23 25 27 17 George Brown 14 16 18 F Kemp carpr 39 41 43 8 10 14 16 18 Heghen Robert 29 31 33 14 T Grummerson seven 48 William Humphries butcher 18 20 22 48 William Humphries butcher 35 37 39 8 14 16 18 18 Heughen Robert 15 HH Johnson houses 46 Cruit 19 Alex McClellan, carpenter 45 47 49 24 26 28 46 Cruit 19 Alex McClellan, carpenter 20 22 24 51 28 John Carris 41 43 45 26 28 30

building 13: Daniel Mackevoy 30 32 34 13: Daniel Mackevoy 47 49 51 28 John Carris 5 Robert Allen

32 34 36 13: Robert Large

laborer [pf of laborer 36 38–50

7 9 21 23 17 Hugh Johnson, printer 7 9 21 23 17 Hugh Johnson, printer 38 40 42 26 William Knox

3 John Sutton music] [] vacant 52

24 Henry Leach ﬁreman

11: Elizabeth Barton, 11: Mrs John Barton,

7 9 21 23

25 27 29 25 27 29 33: Charles McDermot 44 46 48 24 Henry Leach ﬁreman

33: Charles McDermot 11: Elizabeth Barton, [] six widow 54 56 58 widow 25 27 29 31 33 35 31 33 35 33: Charles McDermot milk dlr

dairyman

houses 60 62 50 52 54 widow 31 33 35

1–7 “orson 1–7 “orson Charles Martin lab 20 John Colts ﬂour and

20 John Colts ﬂour and 37 two 37 56 58 60 building terrace” 9 11 terrace” 9 11 37 39 41 7–17 “orson20 John Cotts ﬂour and 9 vacant 7 George Robertson tailor

7 George Robertson tailor houses feed feed 62 terrace” 7 9 11 7 George Robertson tailor 42 44 46 13 15 17 19 31 13 13 15 17 19 feed

8–12 18 B Bowbeer window 8–12 18 Mary Harris

building

5 Henry Burrows shoemaker 5 Henry Burrows shoemaker 13 13 15 17 19 23: Arthur Willis vacant 48 three “orson shade mfr 23: Thomas McKen vacant “orson 8–12 18 George Harris houses 33 35 37 39 41 laborer 21 23 25 31 vacant “orson 5 Henry Burrows shoemaker 23: George Ready

21 23 25 31 pl” 51 53 55 57 5916 William Armstrong pl” 31.5 33 35 3716 William Armstrong 3 John Laird pictureframer

3 John Laird pictureframer pl” 16 William Armstrong

31.5 33 35 37

drug drug building 61 63 65 39 41 43 45 47

8 10 12 20 2, 4, 6, 10, 3 Patrick McLaughlin tailor vacant vacant 39 41 43 45 47MD 12, 18, 20, FIRE HALL 22 24 32 53 57 59 61 63 FIRE HALL vacant 8 10 12 20

12: Albert Barton 12: Andrew Mason 22 24 32 FIRE HALL 28, 34, 36, AND 36 38 40 AND 51 53 57 59 61 1 James Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale 65 1 James Palmer 17: Mrs Barisdale AND 12: Andrew Mason

POLICE 34 36 38

POLICE 63 65 1 James Palmer 46 60 68 watchmaker widow 42 46 60 watchmaker widow POLICE 17: Mrs Barisdale

watchmaker

40 42 44 widow STATION 68 STATION

STATION 4–6 Baldwin lumber

Robert Wilson Robert Wilson 46 52 54

56 58 60 Baldwin lumber yards 818 Henry Allen saddler 820 Henry Allen saddler 824 Louis Richey carpenter

824 Louis Richey carpenter Robert Wilson 816 W Stuart grocer 828 James Halbrook carpr 828 James Halbrook 828 James Halbrook carpr 828 James Halbrook 826 W Jones 826 George Andrews bricklayer Andrews 826 George accountant accountant 820 vacant

814 H Grief blacksmith

810 John Dunn, gardener 810 John Dunn, gardener 798 RS Rcihardson carpenter 798 RS Rcihardson 798 Mrs A Briggs milliner

818 Henry Allen harnessmaker 824 Louis Richey carpenter 816 Miss J Struthers dressmaker 804 William Earl fruit 804 William Earl fruit 780 Alfred Clayton machinist 780 Alfred 780 Alfred Clayton machinist 780 Alfred 828 Mrs A Stewart gro 826 Rodger Robert 820 C MacAuley tinsmith 778 F Hunnisett butcher 778 F Hunnisett butcher accountant 758 T Hook of E Leadlay&Co 758 T Hook of E Leadlay&Co 764 John Batstone lab 764 John Batstone lab 772 William Stagg tanner 772 William Stagg tanner 774 Michael Caron tanner 774 Michael Caron 774 Michael Caron tanner 774 Michael Caron 776 Joseph Collard ﬁreman 776 Joseph Collard 776 Joseph Collard ﬁreman 776 Joseph Collard 814 vacant lot 788 James F Colby coal/wood 796 RH Graham 784 Mrs E Rorke tailoress 784 Mrs E Rorke tailoress 68 810–2 J Cameron blacksmith 810–2 J Cameron carriage builder J Street 790 C Dickinson fancy goods

848: Edward W Barton 848: Edward mfr broom 848: Edward W Barton 848: Edward mfr broom 816–18 RH Graham ﬂour and feed

804 WJ Robinson gro 786 Charles Logie gro 786 Charles Logie gro 758 T Hook of E Leadlay&Co 862 HR Ives & Co iron 862 HR Ives & Co iron works 862 C Emmet barber 848: Edward W Barton 848: Edward mfr broom 858 Robert Brown 858 Robert Brown barber 858 Robert Brown 858 Robert Brown barber 852 John Seaman spring bed mfr 852 Henry Griff 862 C Emmet barber 874 Robert Brown 874 Robert Brown 788 RH Graham 938WJ Johnson eng 938 W Smith 858 vacant stable 850–6 sheds 942 Miller and Cook gro and 942 Miller and Cook gro butcher 942 Miller and Cook gro and 942 Miller and Cook gro butcher 934 EW Pritchard furtniture 934 EW Pritchard 936 George Steckles polishing 936 George powder mfr 936 George Steckles polishing 936 George powder 932 D Mowat brakesman 932 vacant 874 Robert Brown 886 SJ Brewes Carpenter 886 SJ Brewes 940 SJ Brewes 930 EW Barton brush mfr 930 Arthur Worth 928 HD Taylor mech 928 HD Taylor supt CVR 928 William Knox 866 Phoenix Hotel 866 Mrs EF Hansford hotel 780 J Booth carpet weaver 926 William Ward estate agent 926 William Ward 926 William Ward estate agent 926 William Ward 924 FJ Patterson 778 F Hunnisett butcher 922 JB Campbell 776 George King 776 George 942 Miller and Cook gro and 942 Miller and Cook gro butcher 764 John Batstone lab 764 John Batstone lab 934 EW Pritchard 2d hand goods 934 EW Pritchard 936–8 George 2d hand goods 936–8 George 932 vacant 940 SJ Brewes 930 Arthur Worth 928 Nathaniel Hughes 866 Mrs EF Hansford hotel 786 Charles Logie gro 926 William Ward estate agent 926 William Ward vacant lots 906 VF Phenix dressmaker 904 vacant 902 EJ Henderson gro 900 vacant 898 vacant 896 vacant 894 William Johnson painter 924 William Bywater 922 vacant 764 John Batstone lab Figure 8.1: 1882–84 But on Ossington, the early 1880s witness an epochal transition—if one then yet exhibited only subtly. This is the arrival, recorded in the 1884 rst edition of Goad’s Fire Atlas (gure 8.2), on Ossington of ‘high Victorian commercial district buildings’—or, more sharply, terraced brick commercial/residential buildings with a three-storey height and roughly ve-meter width.

8.1 Transitional buildings

T toward this canonical type are made in the early 1880s, at buildings with the contemporary addresses 127, 129, 135, 137, 130, and 132. Those on the west side (gures 8.4(c), (r)) are a pair of 1883 two- storey veneer (brick facade, wood envelope) structures with winsome upper- story fenestration; these divide what is recorded in the 1884 Goad’s as a 68

address 2014 tenant 1884 1889 1890 1893 1899 1903 1910 1913 1924 2014 2014 1924 1913 1910 1903 1899 1893 1890 1889 1884 2014 tenant address stussy *$ 2 9 interaccess parlour 6 13 sweaty betty's angell gallery 12 15 silver falls detox 16 19 vacant-lot detox 18 21 storage super eight 26 23 storage macedo 30 25 storage storage 34 storage 36 W-C design 38 anneaime 42 condo res 46 41 condo res 48 45 unleashed res 50 47 res res 52 49 jonathan+olivia res 54 51 res tiger 56 53 res tiger 58 55 gh3 archi res 60 57 pho tien thanh res 62 59 borealis acad of lions 64 61 the ossington res 68 baby huey 70 union 72 oddseoul 74 stylegarage 76 stylegarage 78 69 I miss you mamakas 80 71 horvath levack block 88 77 horvath vacant 90 89 cmc delux 92 91 crywolf soos 94 93 boehmer barbies 96 95 boehmer LOT 100 103 pres.ctr rescue 102 109 pres.ctr res 106 111 parking amaya 108 121 buffer rocklobster 110 123 well studio gang 112 125 golden turtle venezia 114 popup120 120 bellwoods 124 bellwoods 126 127 pedal stop coteDboeuf 130 129 victoire town moto 132 131 o-born empty 134 133 res reposado 136 135 te aro crafted reposado 138 137 step one/silva ossington tire 146 139 res yogaspace 148 141 canada herb united drug 154 145 marcotte ideal coffee 162 147 res hawker bar 164 helios 166 halton vanels-cart 168 home hardware 170 town home hardware 172 ware home hardware 174 houses house home hardware 176 ? hollywood 178 laundry 180 199 falcon empty 182 201 res unit a arch 184 203 falcon vintage mix 186 205 res bazara 188 207 foxley res 190 209 former telegramme 194 211 di nardo empty 198 213 kitchen lush and lavish 200 215 reno crooked star 202 217 fishbar bqm 210 219 rei dos leitos dry cleaner 212 221 libretto our house 214 225 salt empty 216 227 the saint painted lady 218 229 vacant papelaria 220 235 cibc empty 222 Figure 8.2: Goad’s Fire Atlas records of buildings on Ossington, facing south. The grey line is Ossington. Flanking it are existing buildings: blue = post-1924 building; box = vacant lot; pink/orange/yellow: pre-1924 brick/brick veneer/wood frame. Flanking columns = Goad’s records at that address— older building = wider bar. 69

single structure. Those on the east side of Ossington (gures 8.3(l)–8.4(l)) are dainty two-storey veneer structures between Argyle and its northern laneway, initially constituting a six-building terraced series of which the central pair were lost in the mid-to-late twentieth century.

Figure 8.3: Most of a block from 1879: 137 Ossington (l) and 135 Ossington (c); (133– 31 demolished and replaced in 2010 with a Chicago-style building) 129 Ossington (r) . . .

Figure 8.4: . . . and 127 Ossington (l); 130 Ossington (c) and 132 Ossington (r: ‘Town Moto’) 8.2 The arrival of modernism

T 1884 G’ also projects the completion of a pair of terraces that would be the rst truly modern buildings on Ossington: 48–54/60–64 and 210–218 Ossington (gure 8.5). The former grouping would initially have been (gure 11.5) a thoroughly attractive, well proportioned, generously fenestrated broadly Georgian terraced series of townhouses with subdued decorative brickwork and a Second Empire mansard roof at the third storey. As of this writing, the series is divided and in need of refurbishment: those at 56 and 58 were at one point torn down and replaced with a single-storey shed (the gap is braced with a steel girder at the second storey line); of those that remain, only 54 Ossington records the dignity of the initial conception: remaining facades have been altered extensively (gures 8.9(l)–8.11(c)); as of this writing, they serve as social housing. The further north series of two-storey residential/commercial buildings with jaunty upper storey brickwork and exceptionally rich fenestration fared Figure 8.5: Ossington’s rst brick buildings: 48–64 (l: north of ‘404’, this map mis- predicts the less-set-back block eventually constructed) and 210–218 Ossington (r) (1884 Goad’s Fire Atlas: pink represents brick) 70

better—perhaps because they placed a bet for a commercial rather than a residential future for Ossington (gures 8.11(r)–8.12(r)). Of those, 212 Ossington appears to be a replacement for the original (gures 11.7, 8.8). 218 has been overlain with a strange combination of grey stucco slabs upstairs and rustic barnboard downstairs that nevertheless respected the original facade contours. But 210, 214, and 216 are well-preserved: 210 is a tiny but welcoming corner building suggestive of a miniature Chicago-style tavern; 214 displays a cornice without precedent or inuence but rich in cheer, a huddle of arched eyebrows anking a benevolent central bulb. 42 and 44 Ossington seem also to date from around 1884: these attractive structures are recorded by Goad’s as veneer construction, and are in surprisingly good contemporary condition given this (gure 8.6). Figure 8.6: Excellent condition veneer build- 162–168 Ossington was constructed shortly after 1884: its veneer construc- ings from 1884 (the renovation has since been tion persists, to be sure, in the main; though at some point the corner building completed: 42 and 44 Ossington) was replaced with a strikingly ugly cinderblock structure (gure 8.7).

Figure 8.7: Less well-preserved veneer buildings of a slightly newer vintage, the southern- most of which has been replaced: 162–168 Ossington

Figure 8.8: A setback at 212 is visible in 1920 (gure 11.7) as a gap in this block of transitional buildings (1924 Goad’s Fire Atlas)—but contrast gure 8.5(r), the setback absent 71

Figure 8.9: Remnants of an 1884 residential terrace: 46 (l), 48–50 (c), and 52 Ossington (r) ...

Figure 8.10: . . . 54 (l), 56–58 (c), and 60 Oss- ington (r) . . .

Figure 8.11: . . . 62 (l) and 64 Ossington (c). An 1884 commercial terrace: 210 Ossington (r) . . .

Figure 8.12: . . . 212 (l), 214–216 (c), and 218 Ossington (r).

9 The acme

T of the area, recorded in detail in Goad’s Fire Atlases of 1889, 1890, 1893, 1910, 1913, and 1924, is one of maturation. Figure 9.1: Last undeveloped residential properties: Halton and Shaw (l); Grove (r) (1910 9.1 In the district Goad’s Fire Atlas) The principal trend in the residential neighbourhood is toward consolidation and completion: by 1910, residential development has lled out the remotest reaches of the neighbourhood (in the northeast, the terminus of Halton at Shaw and Shaw just north of Halton; in the northwest, the most deeply involuted corners of Grove: gure 9.1). But there are also a few noteworthy cases of regeneration or renewal.

Figure 9.2: Redevelopment of the primordial The redevelopment of the Givins Quarter Between 1884 and 1890, the entire Givins Quarter between 1884 (l) and 1890 (r) primordial Givins Quarter has been razed and rebuilt with quaint two-storey brick veneer semi-detached houses, nally taking up the early-1870s activity on the Rebecca-to-Bruce block; even Rebecca Street is by 1890 lined on its southeast ank with these cottages (gure 9.2). Bruce Street, however, is the center of the local meatpacking industry (gure 7.6), with 1890 slaughterhouses behind the stockyards at the foot of Argyle Place–Bruce–Givins and on a large L-shaped site fronting on the south side of Bruce and the east side of Ossington. The latter was subdivided by 1893 and presumably shut down Figure 9.3: Slaughterhouse lands subdivided between 1890 and 1893 (gure 9.3), with early commercial development on its (1893 Goad’s Fire Atlas: compare gure 7.6) Ossington leg and much later residential development on its Bruce leg; the former, recall, is now a parking lot: it would never be redeveloped.

Givinses give way to Levacks A further gesture of renewal is the redevelopment of Pine Grove, celebrated in 1884 as the ‘oldest house in Toronto’ but demolished by the Levack family after 1894 and replaced with their mag-

nicent Queen Anne-style mansion (gure 9.4): this multiply gabled and Figure 9.4: The Levack mansion, Halton at turretted Victorian fantasia, now Halton Street’s Maynard Nursing Home, is Givins, built after 1894 on the site of the 1802 Pine Grove 74

the sole remaining nineteenth-century upper-class dwelling of the seven once distributed through the West End.

Signature buildings in the district The public realm was also advanced: some time around 1920, the 1870s Givins-Shaw School building was replaced with what is now the Artscape Building; between 1910 and 1913 (gure 9.5), Osler Playground was established on the site of four 1861 pioneering houses on Argyle near Dovercourt and six from the 1880s behind them on Humbert (those four pioneering houses on Argyle nearer Ossington had been taken down in the late 1880s). The other older large building in the neighbourhood, the bakery at Argyle and Dovercourt, appeared at roughly the same time as the rebuilt Givins-Shaw school.

9.2 The acme on Ossington

Figure 9.5: Pioneering houses on Argyle razed to create Osler Playground (1910 and O O, from 1884 to 1924 is largely one of revival 1913 Goad’s Fire Atlas) and densication: that period is the origin of over half of the contemporary building stock. I will list the contemporary addresses of the existing buildings appearing for the rst time in each Goad’s Atlas in chronological order (gure 8.2), before remarking on certain especially noteworthy buildings and nally abstracting certain general patterns.

Development during the acme Between 1884 and 1889, buildings are constructed at 12, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 88, 90, 92, 94, 134, 136, 138, 146, 148,

164, 166, 168, 220, 222, 121, 123, 125, 139, and 141 Ossington. The 1890 Goad’s Figure 9.6: The enigmatic 9 Ossington: when records also 110 and 112. The 1893 displays the results of a construction boom: was it built? the thirty buildings newly recorded then are now 178, 180, 182, 184, 186, 188, 190, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 59, 61, 199, 201, 203, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219, 221, 223, and 225 Ossington. Nothing constructed between 1893 and 1903 is extant. The 1910 additions are 102, 104, 106, 108, 120, 174, and 176 Ossington. The 1913 Goad’s records no extant new construction. Finally, the 1924 Goad’s records the construction of 170, 172, 21–25, 227, and 229. I have not been able to verify the age of a nal building that appears to antedate World War Two, namely 9 Ossington (gure 9.6): it is presumably therefore a late 1920s production. Figure 9.7: 12 Ossington: late 1880s library, then bowling alley, now home to the Angell Gallery

Contemporary traces of the acme

• 1884–1889:

Figure 9.8: 88–94 Ossington: the southern half of the Levack Block—note the peak on 94, originally the center of the seven-building terrace: compare gures 9.14 and 11.6 75

Figure 9.9: Late 1880s: 68–70 Ossington (l), 72–74 Ossington Ossington (c), 76–78 Oss- ington (r) . . .

Figure 9.10: . . . 121–125 Ossington (l), 139– 141 Ossington (c), 134–138 Ossington (r) . . .

Figure 9.11: . . . and 148 Ossington (l). 1890s: 211–205 Ossington (c), 203–199 Ossington (r) ...

Figure 9.12: . . . 225–213 Ossington . . . 76

Figure 9.13: . . . and 45–61 Ossington.

– The buildings at 12 (gure 9.7) and 88–94 (gure 9.8) are highly valued and widely recognized as such. The former was the Dundas Street Library until the library’s 1909 move to Queen and Lisgar. The latter is famous as the Levack Block, developed of course by the Givins Street meatpacking family. That block originally comprised seven terraced mixed-use buildings but the northern pair has been lost (the block’s attenuation is evident from the once-central cornice now occupying the most northern building: compare gure 11.6); their replacement is a chunky confection of a stucco post-modern building now housing the Lower Ossington Theatre (gure 9.14). – The six-building mixed-use block from 66–78 Ossington is also of high quality, if more modest at two storeys. The anchoring building at 66 displays excellent checkerboard brickwork, and along with 72 and 74 displays a largely intact original cornice (gure 11.8, bottom). – 220 and 222 are part of a block wrapping around the corner at Dundas and are largely intact (the taller of the buildings in gure 8.12(r)). – 121–125 (gure 9.10(l)) nally develop the corner lot of Argyle-to-Bruce which had remained vacant through the initial wave of construction in the 1870s; the southern pair are largely intact, while the facade of the corner building has been overlain with stucco (it is visible in its original design in gure 12.1(r)). – 139 and 141 (gure 9.10(c)) were initially home to a dry-goods shop and a fruit store (they currently house a fruit and vegetable importer): this pair has a lean modern sensibility uncharacteristic of the generally amboyant period. – 134–138 (gure 9.10(r)) are an excellent-condition block of high-Victorian commercial district buildings, with excellent eyebrow fenestration and intact decorative brickwork—but stripped of the original huge cornice (gure 11.6(top)). – 148 (gure 9.11(l)) is a squat but wide building with giddy brick reworks decorating its upper-storey fenestration.

• 1890–1893:

Figure 9.14: 100 Ossington: the central cornice of the Levack Block (gure 9.8) is visible to the left 77

– 213–225 (gure 9.11(c)) is a largely intact three storey block of evident dignity (though stripped of their original upper storey bay windows and a fancy pedimented cornice, visible in a 1920 photo: gure 11.7(lower)); its neighbours to the south, at 199–211 (gure 9.11(r)), are apparently cheaper two-story buildings generally in good condition but which have on the whole been treated with less consideration. – 45–61 (gure 9.13) is a largely intact block of nine with especially high-quality ground level fenestration and a decorative brickwork con- siderably more severe than the Levack Block.

• 1903–1910:

– 102–6 is a row of terraced residential buildings set back by about eight feet and appearing generally out of place (gure 9.18(l)), while 108– Figure 9.15: 120 Ossington 112 is a row of two-storey buildings—a ‘mini-Levack Block’, perhaps (gure 9.18(c)). – 120 (gure 9.15) is a very high quality corner building—by far the best building at the Ossington-Argyle intersection and among the nest on the Strip. – While the original facades of 174–188 have been obliterated with ma- terials variously crude, gaudy, or bland (gures 9.18(r), 9.19(l)), the three-storey 190 (gure 9.16) is strikingly unique, with a mansard roof, Figure 9.16: 190 Ossington an oval window next to a large bay on the second storey, and a series of arches outlined in brickwork just above eye-level.

• 1913–1924:

– 170 and 172 (gure 9.19(l)). – 227 and 229 (gure 9.17) are visible in a 1920 photo with fussy upper story bays and a dentilled cornice (gure 11.7(bottom)). – Finally, 21–25 (gure 9.19(c), (r)) is a light industrial building of evidently Figure 9.17: 227 and 229 Ossington great strength, once housing an auto dealer (gure 11.5(bottom)), now home to a ministorage and sporting an amazingly frivolous paint job (and typically a thick layer of illegal advertisements). 78

Figure 9.18: 1903–1910: 102–106 Ossington (l), 108–112 Ossington (c), and 180–188 Oss- ington.

Figure 9.19: 1913–1924: 170–172 Ossington (l); views of 21–25 Ossington facing Rebecca (c) and Ossington (r). 10 Problematic sites

10.1 Old buildings when our old buildings were new

T (gure 10.1) remained untouched by the late-Victorian boom, and instead sustained their initial wave of 1870s (or sometimes earlier) construction until after the mid-1920s: Argyle-to-Bruce south of 121 Ossington—developed in the 1870s, as we have seen, as worker’s lodgings and small shops—and the northern reaches of Halton-to-Argyle, occupied in the late 1860s as small estates for cattle dealers. Other scattered pre-1880 buildings, now destroyed, displayed the same tenacity: the small house of the publisher Frank Wootten at 80 Ossington, probably from 1879 (gure 10.1, top, just left of Humbert at center); a pair of clerk’s or skilled worker’s 1873 houses at contemporary 124–126 (gure 10.1, bottom, second from Argyle above Ossington); and a pair of truly ancient early 1850s working-class residences at contemporary 41 Ossington (gure 10.1, top, extreme lower left).

10.2 The perils of early success

W of the last, these examples illustrate the perils of early success: not quite so primordial as to be obviously worthless to late Victorians thinking long term, these ‘boomtown’ structures nevertheless were too cheaply built to make it through a century of use. Figure 10.1: 1884 (upper member) versus 1923 (lower member). Top group: Rebecca (lower In each case, what replaced them is of questionable architectural success. left) to Argyle (right); bottom group: Argyle (left) to Halton (lower right).Yellow = wood, pink/red = brick. On the Bruce–Argyle block, Argyle-to-Bruce Argyle-to-Bruce is—recalling the exceptional survivors at primitive buildings from the 1860s or before 89 and 91 (gures 7.9, 7.12(r), and 7.13(l))—a currently problematic collection were nally being demolished by 1923: note the vacancies at contemporary 69 and 93– of post-WWII medium footprint one and two storey light industrial buildings 95 Ossington. Things are the same on the (gures 10.5, 10.6). Buildings at 93–5 (Böhmer) and 69 Ossington (I Miss You) block below Halton: as of 1923, the 1868 home of the cattle dealer Albert Lemon has have been repurposed for restaurant/retail uses; 77 and 71 are home to the been replaced by a lot-lling brick structure— perhaps a warehouse. Contrast the redevelopment of the surrounding blocks; compare gure 8.2. 80

House of Horvath cigar factory; and 109–111 and 103 Ossington are, as of this writing, the subject of a condominium development application.

Halton-to-Argyle Halton-to-Argyle is occupied on its northern half by a citadel of inward facing stacked townhouses (gure 10.7), the product of late-twentieth century renewal eorts manifesting a discomfort with urbanity.

Scattered vanished buildings 80 Ossington is a one-storey shed (gure 10.2); 124–126 are garage buildings now occupied by Bellwoods Brewery (g- ure 14.2); 41 was a 1930s vintage warehouse, demolished in 2012 (compare gure 9.19(c)).

10.3 Exceptional cases

A contemporarily underdeveloped or otherwise less successful sites do not quite conform to this pattern: the parking lot south of 21–25 was

stockyard land, never developed, in the primordial Givins Quarter (gure 9.3); Figure 10.2: 80 Ossington the parking lot north of the re hall has never had a building on it (gures 7.8 and 7.13(r)); the contemporary one-storey bakery at the southwest corner of Argyle had been redeveloped from probably the 1868 house of the cattle dealer James Kane by the cattle dealer James Pearson in 1882 as a residence with a paired block of anking stores (unlike the Levacks, Pearson shortsightedly used unstable veneer construction: compare gures 10.1(top, upper, extreme right) and 11.6(top)). The disappearances of the 1880s brick buildings at contemporary 146,

Ossington Tire (visible in a 1920 photo as a substantial block of three canonical Figure 10.3: 114 Ossington Victorian buildings: gure 11.6), the pair from the center of the 1883 Georgians (gure 8.10(c)), and the northern pair from the Levack Block (gures 9.8, 9.14), nally, are not easily explained.

Figure 10.4: 124–126 Ossington 81

Figure 10.5: Post-WWII buildings on Argyle– Bruce: 109–11 Ossington (l), 103 Ossington (c), 93–5 Ossington (r), . . .

Figure 10.6: . . . [in the middle: the ‘reliquary’ 89/91 Ossington (gures 7.12(r) and 7.13(l)) and 89 Ossington (7.12(r))] . . . 77 Ossington (l), 71 Ossington (c), 69 Ossington (r)

Figure 10.7: Halton street, looking east: the northern tip of the 1990s Halton stacked townhouses

Part III

How we grew up in and around our aging buildings

11 Shocks: through World War II

B 1889, of our area had largely stabilized (gure 11.1): over this initial period, the street grid would coalesce appropriately. The next stage of development unfolded over the next two decades, as the early slapdash buildings on Ossington were in the main replaced with high-quality Victorian ‘main street’ buildings. By the close of the ‘long 19th Century’ with the 1914 onset of World War I, Ossington had reached a plateau of sorts. The remaining story pertains to the twentieth century, and is one of broader trends: patterns of emigration; epidemiology; citywide transit policy; suburbanization; deindustrialization; the post-industrial reconception of the city as a white-collar leisure ground. Because many of these themes are familiar and our ambit is here not to write a history of the world since 1900, we will henceforth move quickly and occasionally indulge in speculation.

Figure 11.1: Red dots: population increase over the indicated period; black dots: stable population. Top left: 1879–89; bottom left: 1889–99; top right: 1899–1904; bottom right: 1904–1909 (1909 map, detail) 86

11.1 Humming along

Wthat the Ossington of the 1910s was thriving.

Hustle and bustle

A from the period (gure 11.3) convey a sense of a bustling neighbourhood: a striking hand-drawn 1915 isometric map depicts the surrounding neighbourhood as somewhat more densely populated than any other north or west of a line drawn from Queen and Crawford to Avenue and Bloor, while a brilliantly colored 1915 map depicts Ossington as more thickly equipped with commercial properties than any north-south arterial aside from Yonge and as continuing to bind together the commercial districts of Dundas and of Queen. Ossington has its own streetcar (gure 11.2), part of a north-south stairstep line including Shaw below Queen and Dovercourt above College to Dupont. The contemporary Dundas car line had in the previous decade been extended across Garrison Creek (gure 2.12), which doubtless diminished the signicance of the Ossington Strip as a transit arterial, and a wooden bridge over Garrison Creek at contemporary Dundas and Crawford had in 1884 provided a route west bypassing the Denison dogleg, but the local economy seems to have survived that, at least in the short term. : 87

Figure 11.2: The stairstep Ossington streetcar: King to Dupont, at left; yellow/red cir- cles represent passengers getting on/o in the evening (‘Diagram showing homeward passenger movement . . . ’, 1915, detail) 88

Figure 11.3: Top: moderately high population density in our area (‘Diagram showing in isometric projection . . . ’, 1915). Bottom: the Yonge Street of the West End (‘Plan showing development of property in and around the city of Toronto’, 1915). : 89

What was going on

T C D 1922 records over 200 residential and/or business listings (gure 11.4). The individuals named appear to be much less uniformly ‘Anglo’—of British or Irish descent—than in the period to 1884. In excess of three dozen personal names suggest some other ethnicity: of these, roughly two-thirds of names are characteristically Jewish, the remainder characteristically Italian/Mediterranean—save three listings for ‘Chinese Laundry’. The twentieth century economy of expensive manufactured creature com- forts is already present among the many businesses up and down the strip. No- tably: contemporary 23–25 Osington is Imperial Motor Sales (gure 11.5, bottom); 123 is a mattress vendor; 137 an upholsterer’s shop; the now-destroyed 153 Ossington is a wire works; at 201 is a jeweler; at 203 a milliner; at 219 a taxidermist (!); at 221 we nd a sheet metal works; at 223 a printer; at 12 Oss- ington, the Dundas Street Library is now a bowling alley; 34–36 manufactures corrugated cardboard; 96 manufactures baskets; 126 manufactures comforters; 128 is a candy store; 134 is the ‘Empire Glove Company’; 138 is the dwelling of a piano tuner; 152 deals in sewing machines; 172 trades in fur; 202 houses an instance of the A&P’s Canadian branch, the Dominion Stores; four shops at 214–220 furnish gentlemen, cut their hair, and manufacture their watches. The meat trade, only 25 years ago of great importance to the local economy, is only faintly echoed at 94, where Jacob Solovay is a (perhaps kosher) butcher; and at 61—at the head of Bruce Street, where cattle were once driven around the corner to their demise at the Levack slaughterhouse—in 1922, home to the Toronto Butcher’s Supply Company.

What it looked like

Aof 1920 Ossington is provided by before–after photos taken to illustrate degraded streetcar track conditions and repair work, from Figure 11.4: Who was where on Ossington in 1922. (Toronto City Directory) 8 June 1920 and 26 July 1920: the southern end (gure 11.5), the Foxley intersection (gure 11.6), and the northern end (gure 11.7), The ostensible interest of these photos—the condition of the street—is, from our point of view, almost entirely without interest, and I have cropped o the bottom half of each photo. However, a great deal can be read o of their top halves; I call attention to certain noteworthy features in the captions. 90

Figure 11.5: South end of Ossington, Sum- mer 1920, facing south. Top image, left to right, note: the Provincial Lunatic Asylum cupola; an inn, demolished around 2010; the re hall; the extant 26–30 Ossington; ‘Appli- ances / Sales & Servicing / Scrap Iron / Met- als’ (since replaced by a ministorage); the extant 38–42 Ossington; the set back Georgian Terrace with wood porches intact; a man in a worker’s apron. Bottom image, left to right, note: Imperial Motor Sales (with exhaust- blackened garage door!), now the ministorage at 25–21; a large billboard in front of a vacant lot; four salt box buildings, including the extant 19, 15, and 13, and a fourth eventually demolished for 9 Ossington; an inn on the site of the Queen’s Head. (City of Toronto Archives)

Figure 11.6: Ossington and Foxley, Summer 1920, facing south. Top image, left to right, note: a heavy awning hanging from 141–139; the intact 137–127; a heavy cornice atop 125 (follow the hydro pole up from the horse); PLA cupola; clock tower atop the re hall; the high cornice of the Levack Block; the extant two-storey ‘main street’ buildings at 108–112; a three-storey block with a mansard roof on the site of today’s Venezia Bakery; the extant 120; salt box buildings on the site of today’s Bellwoods Brewery (gure 14.2); tiny 130–132; the heavy, grandiose cornice atop 134–138; a three-building block on the site of today’s Ossington Tire; a decorative snout-nosed rst-storey facade on 148; 154 looking more subdued than today, but otherwise not-too-dissimilar. Bottom image, far left, note: right of the awning, a one-storey shack and a saltbox with collapsing stucco (on the site of the Halton stacked towns); far right, note: what may be a somewhat nause- ating sag to 162 (it was eventually replaced with a cinderblock structure housing today’s Ideal Coee: gure 8.7). (City of Toronto Archives) : 91

Figure 11.7: Rolyat-to-Dundas, Summer 1920. Top image, facing north, left to right, note: 210’s ‘Maple Leaf Grocery’ sporting an im- mense ad for baking powder; at 212, a gap, or perhaps a setback (gure 8.8); a row of men’s shops and a barber; on the corner, as today, a druggist (below); across Dundas, at today’s West Neighbourhood House, a somewhat fancy church. Bottom image, facing south, from left, note: on the corner, as today, a bank (dierent bank, much grander building, dentist upstairs); the three-storey Aster Theatre, all columns and heavy cornice; 227–229, appearing as a block, with fussy upper-storey bays and dentilled cornice (g- ure 9.17); 225–213, appearing grand indeed, with four second-storey bays and a cornice spanning two buildings (gure 9.13). Right of center, ‘Cowan’s Cocoa’ advertised on a demolished building with large corner plate window (today’s Crooked Star); to its left, a few doors down, appears to be a pair of three-storey buildings, perhaps today’s 180– 182; across Rolyat from ‘Cowan’s Cocoa’, the north wall of 210 is painted with ads. 11.2 Portents of decay

A , it must be acknowledged, seems to have involved at least some component of the down-at-heel.

67 Ossington, 1921

O 8S,1921,photos were taken of a decaying salt-box building at then 67 Ossington, the 1922 home of a Mrs. Barbara Williamson (gure 11.4). The building’s southern neighbour, at the corner of Bruce, had been torn down some time after 1914 (gure 8.2), and the corner lot remained vacant. The photos (gure 11.8) show that the widow (or her landlord) had not managed to keep the building in a state of good repair. The left photo of the group shows the front of the house. Though the chimney appears to be in OK shape, the shingles are ratty, the gutters rusted; paint has aked o all over the second-storey facade, the window-frames are rotting, the second-storey balustrade is gappy and sagging; panels, held in by rotting wood, appear to be missing from the decorative glazing above its former shop-window (Mrs. Williamson has lled the display with all manner of ower-pots); the northern door is dilapidated, the southern door—evidently a replacement—hangs open against a short wood fence, itself leaning against a post and held in place with a haphazard arrangement of sticks. The condition of the side is largely obscured by the large billboard for a car dealer that has sprouted in the garbage-strewn, overgrown lot. But we can see the barn-board wall of the attic above a decaying stucco exterior wall. 92

Around the back, in the photo on the right, there is information allowing us to date the demolition of the corner building more precisely. The billboard conceals an earlier advertisement for Campbell’s Monarch Flour, a brand purchased by Maple Leaf in 1919, so the ad is more than two years old. Below the rst storey, more than half of the stucco has fallen away; the Monarch Flour ad paints over the exposed lath, itself becoming riddled with gaps. The 1913 Goad’s displays the corner building as still extant; allowing a few years for the stucco to fall away, the demolition was presumably near the start of the First World War. Though the rear roof has been replaced with some sort of strip-material, further repairs are in order. Both visible downspouts project into emptiness; about seven small panes of glass seem to be broken; a small window appears as a sashless hole in the wall; door- and window-frames are unpainted and rotten; a one-storey rear addition was once patched with tar-paper, now peeling away. This is not the last we will see of 67 Ossington.

Figure 11.8: Ossington and Bruce, 1921: a widow’s house at 67 Ossington: left, facing northeast; right, facing northwest (City of Toronto Archives)

Smallpox, 1919–20

A hit Toronto in 1919–20; the Health Department instituted a quarantine, keeping track of quarantined houses by sticking pins in a big map: amazingly, a contemporary photograph preserves this record (gure 11.9). Our area is clearly visible just below and to the left of center—bounded south by the Provincial Lunatic Asylum and east by Trinity-Bellwoods Park— as the epicenter of a dense belt running east of the railroad tracks: crystal-clear Figure 11.9: Pins stuck in a map represent evidence of its humble stature. houses under smallpox quarantine by the city Health Department, 1919–20 (City of Toronto Archives, detail: High Park to Yonge; north to St. Clair) : 93

Figure 11.10: 133–129 Ossington, 1943: note the window at 131 boarded with a door (City of Toronto Archives) 94

11.3 The Great Depression

Wthat the Great Depression was no more kind to Ossington than to anywhere else. Archival photos from the 1940s suggest extensive worsening of the condition of the stock of buildings, nearly all of which are by then between ve and seven decades old: after one or two decades of deferred maintenance, the city is now beginning to photograph a number of buildings which have become dangerously unstable. With one exception, these buildings of interest would eventually be demolished.

126–128 Ossington

B D 20, 1940, exterior stucco has fallen away from the facade of 128 Ossington, revealing lath (gure 11.11)—some of which has itself fallen away, revealing what appears to be tarpaper; the boarded-over facade is papered with a few generations of advertisements; a stained and faded ‘for sale’ sign holds back a few chunks of stucco. The hulk is anked by a pair of grocers, each with weathered awnings. Around the back, a rotten barn-like structure anks the property line of 126 and 128; 126 displays marginally superior upkeep to 128, but its chimney too is crumbling, and the sagging of 128 threatens its conjoined twin.

Figure 11.11: 128 Ossington, 1940, front and rear: a decaying abandoned storefront at- tached to a decaying storefront still somehow in use (City of Toronto Archives) : 95

153 Ossington

AM 23, 1941 (gure 11.12) displays the disgusting living conditions at 153 Ossington—the reader of delicate sensibility may wish to place a concealing hand over this photo.

133–129 Ossington Figure 11.12: A rare interior scene: 153 Oss- ington, 1943 (City of Toronto Archives) O M 6, 1943, the series at 133–129 Ossington appears lthy and abadoned (poignantly, a little girl dressed for early Spring wanders the sidewalk alone: gure 11.10). Around the back, the exterior skin of 133 has fallen away, exposing lath and a huge crack (gure 11.13).

Figure 11.13: 133 Ossington, rear view, 1943; for the front view, see gure 11.10 (City of Toronto Archives)

67 Ossington redux

O J 6, 1947 (gure 11.14), a mother and two children sit on the sidewalk by a standing man with a cane; behind them are the last two remaining 1870s buildings south of 121 Ossington on the Bruce-to-Argyle block to have been demolished—67 Ossington, discussed in the previous section, remains a property of interest to the City: already visibly dilapidated 26 years earlier (gure 11.8), its condition has only worsened. Large patches of exposed lath, a sickly chimney, and a collapsing back porch; the side of 67 displays faded ads for tobacco products; the ground-storey display windows of both buildings 96

are hung with dirty, disarrayed curtains; the large vacant lot north of 69 Ossington is dominated by a huge billboard hawking Shell Premium Gasoline. Around the back, a 1920s-vintage car is seen to be parked on the vacant corner lot; the crumbling back end of 67 Ossington reveals extensive lath and gaping windows. Have the disabled man and his family replaced the widow as the inhabitants of this dilapidated and crumbling former general store?

Figure 11.14: 67 Ossington, 1947; 26 years on from gure 11.8, the gaping rear side window has somehow not been repaired (City of Toronto Archives) : 97

125 Ossington

T (gure 11.15), 125 Ossington is inspected: its northern facade is pulling away, bulging over the sidewalk on Argyle, the wooden sashes of a window separated from twisting, sagging brick wall; a one inch gap is visible between brickwork and door frame, and a single brick at waist- level appears to have popped out of where the wall now folds forward.

Figure 11.15: 125 Ossington, Argyle Street side, facing Ossington, 1947 (City of Toronto Archives)

12 Steadying and stabilization: through the Great Prosperity

12.1 Patches, paint, Plymouths

A , postwar prosperity is visible (gure 12.1). A photo from October 23, 1958 looking west across Ossington from the southeast corner at Argyle displays a pair of neatly-dressed men standing in front of the lightly littered vacant lot at the southwestern corner of Ossington and Argyle—a lot that in 1947 had been overgrown but is now mowed. Across the street on the southwest corner (gure 12.1(r)), an eastward view across Ossington reveals the bulging brickwork of 125 to have been xed. In both photos, large, shiny, late-model cars sit in every driveway, line the north side of Argyle Street, and create a mini-trac jam along Argyle; the street—in 1947, still paved with the cobbles shown being laid in 1921 photos—seems to have been freshly paved, its lines painted relatively recently. (This refurbishment of the street seems to have called for the destruction of Ossington’s streetcar tracks.)

Figure 12.1: Ossington and Argyle, 1958: left, view west from southeast corner; right, view Part of this postwar prosperity would eventually involve the redevelopment east from southwest corner (City of Toronto of lots that were vacant or occupied by buildings deemed beyond repair and Archives) 100

the renovation and stabilization of buildings in decline.

12.2 Postwar multiethnicity

T of the massive diversion of investment capital toward suburbanization, and the consequent successive waves of repopulation of the inner city by those not yet possessed of the social position to leave it is a familiar one and will be presupposed here. In Toronto, the new inhabitants were immigrants attracted to Canada in order to replenish and expand the nation’s labor force: in the immediate postwar period from southern and eastern Europe and then in the 1970s from the rest of the world. Our area has been a center of Portuguese-Canadian identity for many decades. But eastern Europeans (particularly Poles and Ukrainians: g- Figure 12.2: The Byzantine Slovak Cathedral ure 12.2) and Italians were the rst to replace the Anglo-Canadians who of the Nativity of the Mother of God, Shaw had departed for areas greener, fresher, less crowded, and less associated with and Halton (Randy McDonald: rfmcdonald, flickr.com) a grimy (or smallpox-ridden!) industrial past. These were the inhabitants of the neighbourhood in the 1950s; their presence began to taper o in the 1960s, with the center of Italian-Canadian identication moving outward along a roughly north-by-northwest vector while that for Slavic-Canadians moved roughly west-by-northwest (following a characteristic centrifugal evolution of Toronto’s ‘ethnic enclaves’: gure 12.3). The author of this piece is acquainted with a handful of stories of the children from this Slav/Italian period:

• A Polish-Canadian couple in their 60s (now retired to Kingston) stopped at Figure 12.3: ‘Ethnic enclaves in Toronto’, 2009 the front porch to chat in Summer 2013: he was helping his aging mother (Toronto Star) move out of her house on Shaw Street; she had lived in the author’s house until six years old in 1963 along with 11 other residents: her family of four owned the house and lived on the rst oor; a Portuguese-Canadian family of ve lived on the second oor; three students lived (without plumbing) in the attic.

• An Italian-Canadian neighbour born in the mid-1950s inherited the house in which he lived all his life (until 2014) and which his father built (along with its backyard pizza oven); while Italian ethnic identication is not espcially common in this area, sustaining my former neighbour’s ties to the neighbourhood were his Portuguese-Canadian wife and her mother.

Both of these are obviously stories from a period of considerable transition, involving both a re-evaluation of the nineteenth-century housing stock (in the former case, for more intensive multi-family use than deemed proper by the middle class Anglo-Canadians for whom this house was initially envisaged; in the latter, for fullscale redevelopment) and a shift in the area’s predominant ethnic identity away from Italian- and Slavic- to Portuguese-Canadian. : 101

12.3 Little Portugal

GENTRIFICATION IN TORONTO 65 W UC sustains two churches in our area (at Shaw/Halton—gure 12.2—and at Queen/Bellwoods) and Little Italy (half a kilometer away on College) is of course an important symbol of Italian-Canadian identity in Toronto, data proves what experience makes obvious and nomenclature enshrines—namely, that our area is the epicenter of Toronto’s Little Portugal. The rst Portuguese arrivals in Canada were 69 men landing in Halifax on the Saturnia on May 13 1953. These men and those who directly followed them apparently had sought to move to Canada’s cities but were instead Figure 12.4: ‘Little Portugal’, as dened by directed to labor sites in rural areas—picking grapes, laying railroad track, and ethnographer Carlos Teixera (‘Toronto’s Lit- tle Portugal’, Urban Studies, 2011, 65, detail) the like. By the late 1950s, the governments of Canada and Portugal had both decided that they liked the idea of a more ambitious and sustainable program of resettlement, and around 140,000 Portuguese would emigrate to Canada by 1988. At least half of these emigrants settled in metropolitan Toronto. Kensington and Alexandra Park were the early centers of Portuguese Figure 2. Percentage of Portuguese ethnic origin, by census tracts, west central Toronto, 2006. Toronto; as the community grew in numbers and in prosperity, Little Portugal the negative implications for the neighbour- study on the impacts of gentrification on would grow to encompass a region with Dundas Street West as its backbone,hood’s low-income Blacks. Portuguese residents in west central Toronto. dened by urban ethnographer Carlos Teixera (gure 12.4) as extending westThe few studies that have examined the impacts of gentrification on ethnic neigh- 3. Portuguese Settlement Trends bourhoods have been restricted primarily to in the Toronto Area from Bellwoods-Grace Streets to the CPR tracks between Queen and Collegeminority neighbourhoods in New York City and Chicago. None has been undertaken in Portuguese immigration to Toronto began and including also Brock Street west to the tracks up to Bloor, and countingCanadian cities. The impacts range from in the early 1950s and peaked in the 1970s. positive to negative, depending on who is By 2006, 410 850 people of Portuguese as the heart of an expanding presence of the Portuguese community inimpacted. the As Nyden et al. (2006, pp. 27–28) ethnic background lived in Canada, almost note in their Chicago study, participants who half of whom resided in the Toronto Census GTA (gure 12.5). expressed ambivalence about gentrification Metropolitan Area (CMA) (Census of often asked, “Who benefits?” or “Who is Canada, 2006, total ethnic origin).3 The hurt?”. These questions are at the core of this majority of this group lived in the City of

Figure 12.5: Mother-tongue Portuguese presence in the GTA, 1971 and 2001 (Carlos Teix- era, ‘The impact of gentrication in Toronto’s metropolis2011.org Origins and values ‘Little Portugal’ ’, )

Origins The bulk of the Portuguese emigrants to Canada had left circum- stances fairly described as ‘feudal’. Under the fascist Salazar government, in a nation with a long history of governance by religious and economic elites and a long-dominant coalition of large landholding families, most of the land on the Azores Islands had by the twentieth century long ago been agglomerated into very large estates; the bulk of the population lived as peasants, exploiting (according to the OISE MA thesis of Amelia Libertucci1) only traditional low-intensity agricultural 1 Amelia Libertucci, ‘Schooling in Little Por- methods, and compelled into an arrangement of sharecropping on large estates, tugal’, MA Thesis, OISE, 2011 perhaps supplemented by private tending of one of an inadequate number of smallholds. This was the predicament, prior to emigration, of a great many of our area’s rst-generation Portuguese-Canadians—who by general acknowledgement hail predominantly from this cluster of Atlantic Ocean islands. 102

Values According to Teixera and Libertucci, these origins engendered a broadly shared system of values in the community of Little Portugal (and, with the passage of time, in the Portuguese-Canadians of the broader GTA): hard work, family, conservation, respect for cultural and religious tradition, and ownership of land. Statistics signicantly mirror at least some of these value systems. For example:

• Teixera cites 2001 data showing home-ownership rates of 66% in west central Toronto among residents of Portuguese ethic identication—as contrasted with 22% among ‘recent immigrants’ (dened to mean, roughly, non-European ethnic identication) and 32% among Anglo-Canadians; according to some sources, the home-ownership rate among Portguese- Canadians in Mississauga is above 80%.

• Or: census data from 2011 for Trinity-Bellwoods shows the Portuguese language as of persisting signicance as both ‘mother tongue’ and ‘home Figure 12.6: = Portuguese church † language’, plausibly reecting a strong commitment to cultural preserva- (Carlos Teixera, ‘The impact of gentrication in Toronto’s ‘Little Portugal’ ’, tion to which both Teixera and Libertucci refer. metropolis2011.org)

On an anecdotal basis, these values appear to reinforce the persisting strength of the religious communities at Little Portugal’s Catholic churches (gure 12.6), including San Juan Bautista (Dundas and Grace: gure 12.8) and Santa Cruz (Argyle and Dovercourt: gure 12.7).

Preservation and sustenance

Figure 12.7: Santa Cruz, Argyle and Dover- court R of speculative amateur sociologizing, it is perhaps not too much of a stretch to suggest that our area and those Portuguese- Canadians who found a new home here in the 1960s and 1970s made an extremely good match.

How the community benetted the area The area’s old buildings, sometimes constructed in haste, were in special need of focused care and consideration from dedicated landholders willing to exchange sweat equity for long-term stability—and actively countervailing the ocial policy toward the nineteenth Figure 12.8: St Agnes, Dundas and Grace century city of neglect, perhaps with eventual redevelopment in line with postwar mainstream suburban values. That much is clear: many of those buildings from around 1890 that we so value today were by 1950—when still only sixty years old—quite likely neglected to the point of endangerment (gure 11.15); those buildings standing today (and meeting, in many cases, a high level of preservation), sixty years after that, are standing only thanks to four decades of hands-on preservation by individuals less focused on ocial policy and mainstream fashion than on : 103

restoring structures of evident long-term sustainability and conserving them for use through the indenite future.

How the area benetted the community? On the ip side, and much more speculatively, it can seem that the new immigrants, emerging from tightly- knit remote small communities with a focused value system, would benet distinctively from making a home out of an area with the distinctive qualities we have enumerated for ours. These include: our area’s ‘urban village’-like paradoxical mix of adjacency to (gure 2.1), with island-like distinctness from (gure 7.4), the central city; our area’s encouragement of pedestrianism (g- ure 6.7(r)), again sustaining a village-like regular ow of face-to-face contacts with neighbours; its unpretentious human-scale architecure (gures 12.9, passim), bespeaking a context in which the regular person can be a landlord, can participate in trade—more generally, is not overwhelmed by the grandiose productions of corporations or states.

Figure 12.9: Left: Ossington and Foxley, facing north; Right: Ossington and Argyle, facing north Backbone and heart

D , , the backbone of Little Portugal (gures 12.4, 6.7–6.9). But anecdotally and experientially, Ossington/Dundas is its heart:

• If no longer evident in 2015, even in 2007 there were visible on Ossington the remnants of what, according to a neighbour, had in the 1970s and 1980s been a dense grouping of sports bars each dedicated to the football club of a certain Azorean town.

• A Lenten parade enacting (so far as I have been able to ascertain) the Mi- calanese Pilgrimage (gure 12.10), an Azorean remembrance of sixteenth- century volcanic eruptions on San Miguel, for decades a distinctively signif- icant event for the Santa Cruz community, involves the Argyle/Ossington intersection as a crucial turn. 104

Figure 12.10: Micalanese parade: Ossington above Argyle, June 2014

• Those manufacturing-related businesses remaining on Ossington are long- standing loci of independent development capital and often play one or more central symbolic or social roles:

– The Rodrigues Art Steelworks (on Argyle, in the block structure behind 125 Ossington: gure 12.1(r)) produced the wrought ironwork central Figure 12.11: Wrought iron from Rodrigues to our area’s characteristic syncretism of Victorian with Iberian sensibil- Art Steelworks ities (gure 12.11)—and, in a point of pride, manufactured a plinth for a civic dedication to Queen Elizabeth;

– The wood-carving in the window of Falcon Cabinetry (gure 12.12) is by any standard a virtuoso display of masterful hand-craftsmanship;

– The hardware store (gure 9.19(l)) provides an obvious anchor to a tradition of valued artisanal or team production, sustains a bilingual Figure 12.12: Hand craftsmanship, Falcon practice of customer service, and (anecdotally) led in 2011 a fundraising Kitchens (gure 9.11(r), detail) drive for victims of a tidal disaster on the island of Madeira;

– Venezia Bakery (gures 10.3, 12.13) is both a social hub and a sustaining exponent of traditional foods.

Figure 12.13: Almond cookies at Venezia Bak- ery (Toronto Star) : 105

12.4 Little Vietnam

AVietnamese immigrants around the time Portuguese immigration tailed o added considerable life to the area. In the 2000s, the younger Vietnamese-Canadians displayed a social energy that in the older Portuguese- Canadians had dimmed somewhat: many social clubs, restaurants, and bars projected a Vietnamese identity. New connections made for new wealth and new sources of enthusiastic restoration of old buildings: going by my impressions, the Canada Herb fruit and vegetable trading company (gure 12.14) built wealth eciently and Figure 12.14: Dancing durian represent marshalled it eectively to strengthen the local community and reinforce its Canada Herb’s wholesale produce infrastructure of buildings; a number of high-quality buildings have been preserved and renewed thanks to these eorts, and it is my sense (recalling a story in the Toronto Star) that this family incubated two highly successful restaurants (gure 12.15)—the owners of both of which have in turn reinvested in the area’s endlessly regenerable stock of small sturdy buildings.

Figure 12.15: Pho at Ossington’s Rua Vang and Pho Tien Thanh attracts diners from around the city (cruel.co)

More generally, statistics and experience suggest that what Teixera generally refers to as ‘recent immigrants’ have a largely professionally-oriented and post-industrial set of aims in their adopted country, with a strong focus on advancement through white-collar or entrepreneurial opportunities and a prioritization of acquiring professional credentials for either the migrants or their children or both.

13 Slipping: deindustrialization

D , in the years after the turn of the new millenium, the stability of Ossington was far from assured (gure 13.1).

Figure 13.1: The ‘gateway’ to Ossington, the former site of Brookeld and then for nearly a century and a half home to a succession of hotels, had by 2006 fallen too low to support even a ophouse. (makinghappy.com) 108

13.1 Whence the Victorian city?

A suggest themselves. The rst is the swift post-NAFTA (1994) deindustrialization of Toronto: neighbours who had once earned high wages in manufacturing (fur factories, doll factories, candy factories, . . . ) were now, often at age 40, compelled to transition to site-specic (and therefore often less value-added) blue-collar jobs: cleaning (residential and commercial) and construction were, anecdotally and according to Teixera, frequently ‘Plan B’. A great many of the manufacturing jobs displaced were near our area—a central attraction for its residents, of course—below Queen Street, in Liberty Village, on the former employment lands this side of the CPR lines. The eects of this, though now nearly always neglected, cannot be under- stated: districts once cyclically absorbing and then disgorging workers by the thousands became inert, obliterating any signicance to the pathways to them while wiping out any merchants along those pathways; the workers in these districts uniformly both took a big pay cut and experienced a shock to their optimism—doubtless resulting in a bad case of consumer retrenchment, serially shocking local retailers and nightlife spots; these workers lost a central anchor to the neighbourhood: those who found jobs with tolerable commutes would stay, others would leave; their children experienced disruptions both, thanks to increased commute times, in their parents’ contact time with them and in their own sense of any prospect of following their parents’ path of working and living in the neighbourhood. We might speculate that the sudden ring of the entire industrial working class may have engendered a feedback cycle of developer’s pull (more exible labor markets) and government’s push (keep workers working and keep business growing) toward spiralling suburbanization—indeed, the decade or so after 1994 was in fact a time of explosive suburban expansion. So the late 1990s and early 2000s was, in consequence, a time of great centrifugality for our area. A somewhat paradoxical side-eect of this catastrophic decline in the neighbourhood’s gross liquidity was the industrialization of Ossington itself: many buildings that had once housed retail were converted to shop oors (City Planning documents from this period reveal that the seven cabinet shops had become regarded as a nuisance); buildings knocked down were either not replaced and used as car lots, or replaced with industrial sheds and used as garages, warehouses, wholesale depots, factories (gures 13.2, part II passim). : 109

Figure 13.2: Left: Mundial Auto, Primor Distributing (defunct 2012), Autocraft En- 13.2 ‘Somber, brooding’, and naughty gine (defunct 2010). Right: Booga Store and Restaurant Equipment (defunct 2011).

T O in the mid-2000s had become, to many, perplexing. Toronto Life described Ossington as ‘somber, brooding’ . While a number of Portuguese-Canadian-oriented businesses persisted, there seemed to have been a sense that the golden years were over: with an older, less socially-active community having a decade ago taken a huge pay cut and the kids not staying in the neighbourhood, businesses depending on convenience trac had to retrench or shutter. And despite their strong and focused eorts, the Vietnamese community was in a related pickle: after deindustrialization, the central city oered a broad menu of readily available good wage opportunities only to those with a signicantly diminished—and signicantly more tightly held—set of social backgrounds. Consequently, I recall having counted in 2007 as many as 44 vacant storeftonts (gure 13.3). Could that be accurate? There is little doubt that retail trac on Ossington was feeling the pinch: businesses that owned their buildings were using too much space or not renewing decor; renters were withering, oering mean goods and services for very little. 110

Figure 13.3: Lights from an avante garde furniture shop at 80 Ossington pierce the late- 2000s gloom.

In that environment, licit business could no longer pay very much rent. The isolation and involuted geography of the area make it a distinctive place in Toronto in which to hide away. Illicit (or crypto-licit: gure 13.4) business could pay rather higher rents; illicit business is happy to nd a place to hide away. And illicit business did indeed nd its way here: a long-term small- scale landlord and preservationist once reeled o to me a range of spectacular scandals—apparently, the turn of the millenium in our obscure area was celebrated at perhaps a dozen grow-ops and brothels. Anecdotally, I can say that after a 2007 late night at Sweaty Betty’s, the wife and I decided a round of karaoke might be just the thing to cap o the evening. To our surprise and amusement, the principal oering of this now-defunct business seemed to consist of services rather less wholesome than karaoke. I believe that this was the same establishment—once at 110 Ossington—which witnessed

the notorious double shooting in 2004 that, by many reports, engendered a Figure 13.4: Baby Doll’s, circa 2009 broader community drive to stem the descent into lawlessness. 14 Swinging: white-collar urbanity

14.1 Little Portugal persists

D or no, according to Teixera, the rst-generation Portuguese-Canadian immigrants did not wish to leave. Experientially, that is clear: in 2013, even with kids nephews and nieces in the suburbs, with high six-gure cash-out values universally acknowledged, and with property taxes a source of vexation for retirees—these long-term residents are still here, and do not seem frequently to contemplate cashing out. Anecdotally, the same is true: one roofer, a resident of the same house around the corner for 45 years, tells me that everyone he knows is here, all the social memory of who knows who and who all did what and when—away from that, meaning, history, and memory evaporate. With many of my other neighbours, we have not discussed this, because the prospect of selling and moving simply does not seem to be a live issue for them. According to Teixera, these people are pleased by many of the changes in the neighbourhood since 2005. Would they have felt in 2005 that the time was right to leave? A great many have stayed; that is the important thing.

14.2 After suburban sprawl

T in our area since its 2004 nadir. Just at the moment Ossington was almost destroyed by a mix of policy and fashion, it would be rescued by an abrupt U-turn in policy and fashion. By 2005, a decades- long trend of the mainstreaming of environmentalism and bohemianism led to a widespread appreciation of ‘Jane Jacobs’-type thinking about cities, broadly abetted by mayors and landlords supportive of the post-industrial reconception of the city as leisure ground. In a local context, the repolarization of urban ows from centrifugality to centripetality would be very strongly backstopped by Ontario’s Provincial Policy Statement and Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe and implemented by Toronto’s reurbanization- 112

oriented Ocial Plan. Very specically, these policies have between 2005 and the present led to the repopulation of King West, Liberty Village, and the Queen West Triangle with thousands of white-collar singles. In 2006, a few savvy entrepreneurs, noting the loss of juice in the Queen West and Little Italy scenes, spotted Ossington as the frontier: the 2007 restoration of the Levack Block (gure 14.1) was the rst gesture among what would by 2013 have brought to the Ossington Strip, in each year, on average eight instances of a novel destination business in a restored Victorian—a boom relentlessly ogged by leisure ground and consumerist publications like Toronto Life.

Figure 14.1: Levack Block, from hulk to club

In recent years, one can’t hardly get down the sidewalk on a warm Saturday night: the delicate balance of predictability and unpredictability aorded by Ossington’s unpretentious functional architectural patchwork, its overall intimate and quaint built form, and its jumpy series of tributary streets seem once again to have served as a powerful magnet for those seeking a fullling pedestrian experience—and as a canvas richly embroidered by a community of businesses which have sustained now for nearly a decade Ossington’s status as the city’s gold standard in nightlife (or warm-weather afternoon stroll: gure 14.2). This has turned out to engender a revitalization of a widely ung array of surrounding districts. As we have seen, Ossington is distinctively able to collect and radiate pedestrian trac from all directions (save the direct south, which will always be cut o by the CAMH lands). One result is the emanating revitalization of nearby amenity regions: Dundas to the northwest of Oss- ington oers an indenitely extensible hinterland of destination businesses; Trinity-Bellwoods Park is a regional attraction with an allure feeding back : 113

Figure 14.2: 124 Ossington, from Rolly’s Garage to Bellwoods Brewery (intermediate with that of Ossington thanks to the permeability of Ossington’s eastern ank; stage as hiphop venue not pictured) Dundas to the east of Ossington has going on several years come to benet from destination trac propelled outward past Trinity-Bellwoods Park; and even what had been the nal frontier of retail revival, the ill-starred blocks of Queen below the self-isolating Southwestern Quadrant, has come to attract spillover trac from Ossington and appears in 2013 able to support a handful of businesses requiring an extensive ow of high-disposable income pedestrian trac.

14.3 My crystal ball

T in our area are already arriving. It is not too early to predict that—thanks to a mix of fashion, policy, and social- consciousness raising—recent and forthcoming neighbours will have rather dierent priorities than the cattle-traders and laborers of the 1870s; than the workers and small manufacturers and services of the 1920s; than the Portuguese-Canadians working in factories or as artisans in local light industrial oors or neighbourhood services of the 1980s. Any range of trends suggest that for the foreseeable future, our area will repopulate with white collar workers or researchers or independent creatives or skilled artisans or artists or social service providers or writers or small entrepreneurs of a broadly green or bohemian cast of mind. From this point of view—and here I express my own sensibilities—a highly valued place has a range of features we have documented as a source of the repeated cyclical rejuvenation of Ossington. Ossington will continue by its location to attract and radiate pedestrian trac throughout the region. By its built form, Ossington will continue to attract and retain people who seek a quaint small-scale handmade aesthetic and the personalized, anti- authoritarian conception of urban space it suggests—alongside of a nostalgic and aectionate reminder of a time when human living spaces were made 114

by humans rather than machines. By the seemingly arbitrary and awed but in fact highly fortuitous arrangement of its streets and laneways, the blocks around Ossington will continue to project and accelerate pedestrian trac around and across the neighbourhood.

Figure 14.3: Biker convention and Micalanese pilgrimage: June 2014 For all these reasons, the coming residents of our area—and all those who visit it regionally and from around the GTA—will inherit an o-kilter yet somehow perfectly comfortable neighbourhood capable, thanks to its endlessly peculiar origins and evolution, of sustaining a rich and incessant series of neighbourly face-to-face pedestrian contacts (engendering the occasional incongruity: gure 14.3)—a true ‘village within a city’. A Household maps

1856

John Fennell, Angus D MacDonnell builder

Judge SB Harrison (Foxley Grove)

Kenneth McLellan, boot/shoe maker

Richard Murphy, butcher

John Matthew, carpenter

William Matthew, cooper

—— Smith, William McClellan, brush maker labourer

John Keely, carpenter

J&T Trebilcock, butchers Mary Scott, widow

Terence D McDermott,

labourer

Edward Coselow, labourer Dennis Duskin, labourer PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH James Dever, labourer

James Smith,

blacksmith

John Barton,

sarsparilla brewer John Dunn, cattle

dealer QUEEN’S HEAD James Walker, labourer Edward Reeves, Edward labourer

Lewis Bale John Anderson, store provisions John Allcock, waiter Cornelius Williams, grocer 116 117

1862

Angus D MacDonnell, broker

Cecile Givins, PINE GROVE

98: Allan Murphy, butcher

Peter T Trowern, asylum engineer [location?]

GIVINS STREET

PUBLIC SCHOOL

60: Alan Murphy Jr, butcher

63: Michael Kennedy, 63: Michael Kennedy, laborer 61: Patrick Caroll, laborer 55: Patrick Lynch, 55: Patrick Lynch, laborer 45: John Donohoe, mariner 33: Peter Bird, 33: Peter Bird, laborer 27: James McDowd, laborer 21: Marice Sullivan, laborer 23: vacant 56: John Matthews, carpenter

52–54: Alexander Smith, brush maker

28: David Lennox, laborer

19: William McClellan, 26: McGuigan, cattle dealer helper, asylum 35: vacant 24: vacant 17: John Keeler, carpenter 22: Joseph Nelson, 23: vacant helper, asylum

13: Richard Campbell,

asylum keeper

11: Edwin Welby,

11: John Barton, carriage maker 4: Richard Montgomery, woollen yarn

tavern 678: vacant 676 John Dunn, cattle dealer 666: John Redman, teamster 690: James Smith, switchman 690: Martin Walsh, grocer 698: Mary Scott, washerwoman 696: George Hodge, 696: George laborer 700: William Thorn, commission merchant 706: Hamilton Crawford, Carpenter 702: James Davey, wool 702: James Davey, and skin merchant; Samuel J Butt, grocer 118

1864

Angus D MacDonnell, broker

Miss Cecil Givins

98: Allan Murphy, butcher

Peter T Troweru, asylum engineer [Cedar nr Givins]

GIVENS STREET

SCHOOL

51.5: John Matthew, 60: Richard Campbell, carpenter

asylum keeper [also at 13?]

58: Thomas Waldie, stonecutter 63: Michael Kennedy, 63: Michael Kennedy, laborer 61: Patrick Caroll, laborer 51: vacant 55: Patrick Lynch, 55: Patrick Lynch, laborer 45: John Donohoe, laborer 33: Peter Bird, 33: Peter Bird, laborer 27: vacant Curtin, 21: Jeremiah laborer 23: vacant 56: vacant

54–54.5: Alexander Smith, brush manufacturer R Smith, brush maker 21: James Burrow, porter, asylum 28: David Lennox, laborer

19: William McClelland, 26: Mr McGraw cattle dealer 35: Patrick Brinn, laborer 24: William 17: John Keeler, Cunneyworth, carpenter sailor 22: Joseph Nelson, 23: Mr McGuigan, helper, asylum keerper, asylum

vacant

13: Richard Campbell,

asylum keeper 17: Edwin Welby,

11: John Barton, carriage maker 4: Richard Montgomery, woollen yarn tavern Albert Barton, 678: William Kinnear, cattle 678: William Kinnear, dealer 666–8: R Montgomery, 666–8: R Montgomery, tavern keeper 674 Alexander Mgmy blacksmith 676 John Dunn, cattle dealer 672: vacant 642: Edward Leadlay, Leadlay, 642: Edward wool merchant broom maker 690: Martin Walsh, grocer Thomas Hodgins, shoemaker 706: Hamilton Crawford, Carpenter 708: vacant shop 119

1866

Angus D MacDonnell, broker

Miss Cecil Givins

Peter T Trowern, asylum engineer [Cedar nr Givins]

GIVENS STREET

SCHOOL

60: John Montgomery, laborer

James Smith, painter Mrs Fitzgibbon

58: Thomas Waldey, stonecutter 63: Michael Kennedy, 63: Michael Kennedy, laborer 51: vacant 55: Patrick Lynch, 55: Patrick Lynch, laborer 27: vacant 23: vacant 33: Patrick Bird, 33: Patrick Bird, switchman 21: Jeremiah Curtin, 21: Jeremiah laborer 61: Patrick Caroll, laborer 45: John Donohoe, laborer 56: Robert Maxwell, asylum keeper 54.5: John Matthew, carpenter 23: John Ross, farmer 54 Alexander Smith, brush maker R Smith, brush maker 21: vacant 28: David Lennox, baker

19: William McClelland, 26: Joseph Nelson, laborer asylum helper 35: vacant 24: James Murray, 17: John Blake, weaver laborer 22: Wm Mulveny, 23: Alexander McGuigan, clerk, M Graham’s keeper, asylum dry goods store

vacant

13: Mary Scott, widow

17: Edward Wilby, 11: John Barton, child’s carriage 4: Edward J Barton, coffee dealer maker broom maker 678: vacant 666–8: Richard/ Montgomery, Andrew blacksmith 676 John Dunn, butcher 690: R Sutherland, grocer 642: Edward Leadlay, Leadlay, 642: Edward wool merchant 706: vacant shop 120

1867

Angus D MacDonnell, broker

98: Walter Strickland, architect Kivas Tully, civil engineer

Miss Cecil Givins

John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” Arthur J Taylor government employé “foxley near dundas” James Smith, painter “foxleigh near dundas”

Peter T Trowern, asylum engineer [Cedar nr Givins] 56: Jeremiah Curtin, 56: Jeremiah laborer

60: William Woods, GIVENS STREET Joseph Nelson, SCHOOL blacksmith; asylum keeper Mrs Fitzgibbon [loc?] John Nelson,

asylum 58: R Smith, brush keeper[loc?] maker

56: Isaiah Irwin; 51: vacant 55: Patrick Murphy, 55: Patrick Murphy, bricklayer 27: vacant 61: Michael Kennedy, 61: Michael Kennedy, laborer 23: vacant

33: Patrick Bird, 33: Patrick Bird, laborer J Matthew, 61: Patrick Caroll, laborer 45: John O’Donohoe, laborer groderies and provisions Mrs Bell, widow [loc?]

54 Alexander Smith, 21: John Dunn, brush maker drover; John Scott, drover

19: William McClelland, grocer 35: Mrs Mary Carroll, widow 17: John Blake, buyer for E. Leadlay 23: Alexander McGuigen, gardener

34: James Breen, butcher

vacant

13: Mary Scott, widow

17: David Lennox, 11: John Barton, baker 4: Kenneth McClennan, brooms gardener 678: vacant 666: Richard/Andrew 666: Richard/Andrew Montgomery, blacksmith/spinning wheel 690: Martin Walsh, 690: Martin Walsh, special constable NRC Edward Barton, Leadlay, 642: Edward [loc?] wool merchant broom-maker 706: vacant shop 121

1868

Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?]

98: Kivas Tully, architect

Mrs Cecil Givins, widow FOXLEY STREET ﬁrst named

John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” James Smith, painter “foxley near dundas”

Peter T Trowern, asylum engineer [May Cottage,

54: Jeremiah Curtin, 54: Jeremiah gardener Cedar]

62: vacant

GIVENS STREET 60: vacant Albert Lemon, SCHOOL

cattle dealer [loc?]

58: Thomas Waldie, stonecutter

William Woods, blacksmith

61: Michael Kennedy, 61: Michael Kennedy, [also 65] laborer 51: vacant 55: Patrick Murphy, 55: Patrick Murphy, bricklayer 27: vacant 33: Patrick Bird, 33: Patrick Bird, watchman 61: Patrick Caroll, carpenter 45: John O’Donohoe, laborer 56: J Matthew, grocer

54 E Smith, 21: John Dunn, brush maker drover; John Scott, butcher

19: William McClelland, drover Edward Holland, 35: Francis Rogers, jobber [loc?] drover [also jobber] 17: John Keeler, carpenter 25: Alexander McGuigan, laborer, asylum

34: James Breen, butcher John Blake, wool buyer REBECCA STREET ﬁrst named James McNamara, toll-gate Mrs Bridget McNamara,

poulterer

Denis Breen,

butcher

James Morrow, 13: Mary Scott, widow porter, asylum

Denis Driscoll, 17: David Lennox, 4: Kenneth McClennan, gardener 11: John Barton, labourer baker, Asylum Edward Barton, broom factory broom-maker John O’Hearn 668: Richard Montgomery, Montgomery, 668: Richard spinning wheel mfr 684: William Kinnear, cattle merchant 680: John Dunn, gentleman 690: Martin Walsh, 690: Martin Walsh, grocer 642: Edward Leadlay, Leadlay, 642: Edward general merchant 688: William Cruit, telegraph operator GTR laborer [also O’Hara] 648: Thomas Hook, E. Leadley’s buyer, James Dever, William Woods, drover blacksmith shop 122

1870

Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?]

98: Kivas Tully, architect and supt of public works

Peter T Trouvin, asylum engineer Mrs Cecil Givins, [also Trouern] widow

John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” CECIL STREET ﬁrst named James Smith, painter “foxley near dundas”

ST ANN’S CHURCH OF ENGLAND [loc? side? where??]

70: Michael Lacy, laborer 54: Jeremiah Courtney, 54: Jeremiah laborer

64: James Kean,

dealer

Albert Lemon,

60: James Smith, cattle dealer brushmaker [loc?] Joseph Shuter, gardener 58: Thomas Waldey, [loc?]

stonecutter

65: Michael Kennedy, 65: Michael Kennedy, laborer 51: Thomas Breese, porter 55: Patrick Lynch, 55: Patrick Lynch, lather 27: John Winchester, 27: John Winchester, laborer 33: Patrick Bird, 33: Patrick Bird, laborer 61: Patrick Caroll, laborer [no listings for east 45: John Scholes, shoemaker side???] 56: John Mathews, John Keeler, grocery laborer David McKinstry, stonecutter

54 Alexander Smith, 25: John Dunn, Denis Driscoll, brush maker cattle dealer; laborer 23: Mrs Mary Forneri; James Kean, dealer 19: William McClelland, drover 35: Patrick McGonvey, drover Henry McGuire, 17: Charles Shaw, drover painter 33: Alexander McGuigan, laborer WALLIS AND CORNWALL BREWERY QUEEN NR DUNDAS [loc?] John Woods, grocer Wiliam Bell, [loc? side?] pensioner [loc?]

15: John Bake,

buyer

13: Mary Scott, widow Francis Rogers,

drover

17: David Lennox,

4: Kenneth McClennan, 9–11: John Barton, baker gardener broom factory 668: Richard Montgomery, Montgomery, 668: Richard spinning wheel mfr 684: William Kanere, drover 680: John Dunn, farmer 690: Martin Welsh, 690: Martin Welsh, grocer 642: Edward Leadlay, Leadlay, 642: Edward general merchant 688: John Russell, stonecutter 648: Thomas Hook, E. Leadley’s buyer, 123

1871

Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?]

98: Kivas Tully, architect and supt of public works WJ Tully, clerk, Bank of Toronto

Miss Cecil Givins, [Givins ave]

John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” Thomas Kearns, farmer James Smith, painter “foxley near dundas”

Edward Lennon, drover [loc?]

John Dunn, drover [loc?] William Bell,

pensioner [loc?] Charles Howarth, Peter Trowern, broom manufacturer machinist 54: Jeremiah Courtney, 54: Jeremiah laborer

64: James Kean, dealer

George Coxon, James Brodie, carpenter CEDAR STREET

teamster now runs Shaw to

Dover Court Road 60: Robert Smith,

brushmaker

Michal Gallaghar,

58: Thomas Waldey, butcher

stonecutter James Thayer, painter

William Stewart 61: Michael Kennedy, 61: Michael Kennedy, laborer 51: John Scholdes shoemaker 55: Patrick Lynch, 55: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 27: John Winchester, 27: John Winchester, laborer John Winchester, student 45: John Moody, chairmaker 37: George Morris, 37: George paper stainer 29: Patrick Bird, 29: Patrick Bird, employee NR 57: Patrick Caroll, plasterer grocer 56: John Mathews, Charles Shaw, James Breen, grocery painter butcher

54 Alexander Smith, John Montgomery, James Burrow, brush maker laborer laborer Patrick McGreavy, machinist Edward McKindly, 19: William McClellan, stonecutter drover [McKinlay] 35: George Broughton, butcher Henry McGuire, Denis Driscoll, 17: EW Barton, laborer drover broom manufacturer 23: Alexander McGuigan, 15: Stephen Balmer, laborer commercial traveler WALLIS AND CORNWALL BREWERY QUEEN NR DUNDAS [loc?]

13: Mary Scott, caretaker, Givins school

17: W Barrisdae,

4: Kenneth McClennan, gardener 11: John Barton, asylum keeper broom factory Thomas Hughes, 674: William Kanere, drover 672: John Dunn, farmer 690: Martin Walsh, 690: Martin Walsh, grocer 642: Edward Leadlay, Leadlay, 642: Edward general merchant 688: S Worthington, 688: S Worthington, baker 2: Wiliiam Wood, carpenter 648: John Blake, E. Leadley’s buyer,

horseshoer 708: Albert V Barton, grocer W Barton Edward mfr broom 124

1872

Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?]

98: Kivas Tully, architect and supt of public works WJ Tully, clerk, Bank of Toronto

Miss Cecil Givins, [Givins ave]

John Winchester, laborer, “foxley near dundas” Thomas Kearns, farmer James Smith, painter “foxley near dundas”

Edward Lennon, drover [loc?]

John Dunn, drover [loc?] William Bell,

pensioner [loc?] 59 James McQueen, Peter Trowern, machinist machinist 54: Jeremiah Courtney, 54: Jeremiah laborer

64: James Kean, dealer

George Coxon, James Brodie, 49 Francis Rogers, machinist carpenter CEDAR STREET

teamster now runs Shaw to

Dover Court Road 60: Robert Smith, 43 Patrick McConvey

brushmaker

Michal Gallaghar,

58: Thomas Waldey, butcher

stonecutter 39 James Thayers, painter 37 Charles Fowler, William Stewart 61: Michael Kennedy, 61: Michael Kennedy, laborer 51: John Scholdes shoemaker 55: Patrick Lynch, 55: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 27: John Winchester, 27: John Winchester, laborer John Winchester, student 45: John Moody, chairmaker 37: George Morris, 37: George paper stainer 29: Patrick Bird, 29: Patrick Bird, employee NR 57: Patrick Caroll, plasterer bootmaker grocer 56: John Mathews, 29 John Hare, weaver James Breen, grocery butcher

25 John S Montgomery grocer 54 Alexander Smith, James Burrow, brush maker laborer 23 Mrs Catherine Merton

21 Thomas Hughes, Edward McKindly, machinist stonecutter [McKinlay] 19: William McClellan, 35: George Broughton, drover butcher Henry McGuire, Denis Driscoll, 17: EW Barton, laborer drover broom manufacturer 23: Alexander McGuigan, 15: Stephen Balmer, laborer commercial traveler WALLIS AND CORNWALL BREWERY QUEEN NR DUNDAS [loc?]

13: Mary Scott, caretaker, Givins school

17: W Barrisdae,

4: Kenneth McClennan, gardener 11: John Barton, asylum keeper broom factory Thomas Hughes, 674: William Kanere, drover 672: John Dunn, farmer 690: Martin Walsh, 690: Martin Walsh, grocer Leadlay, 642: Edward general merchant 688: S Worthington, 688: S Worthington, baker 2: Wiliiam Wood, carpenter 648: John Blake, E. Leadley’s buyer,

horseshoer 708: Albert V Barton, grocer W Barton Edward mfr broom 125

1873

Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?]

110 John A Donaldson emigration agent

71 John B Read, Barrister Thomas K Morgan 69 William Rand, clerk 59 George B 58 vacant Kirkpatrick Wiliam H Verry John Nelson RH Browne clerk 43 Rev Frederick John Hozack ﬁreman Mrs Harrison Groves Miss Cecil Givins, [Givins ave]

John Flowers shoemaker [address?] Charles Rose bricklayer WL Wills bricklayer Robert Woodland Henry Wallis carpenter James Snell Bricklayer 11: George R Pierce,lb 91 Edward Lemon 9: Henry Clare, laborer cattle dealer 5: Edward Clare, laborer 85 Jesse Dunn, drover 1–3 John Seager,

81 William Bell

67 Mrs McCleary widow 94 John Dunn

drover

82 John Keeler William Trowern Mathematical 54: Jeremiah Curtain, 54: Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer Fitch, laborer Edward instrument maker [!]

76: James Kane, 57 Francis Rogers poultry dealer butcher

68 John McCool 74: William McCreary machinist

GIVINS SCHOOL butcher 53 Samuel Watt

72: William Winchester butcher carriage builder 64 Robert Verrall 49 Patrick McConvey laborer

70: Robert Smith, butcher

brushmaker 47 James Thayers,

painter

58: Thomas Waldey,

stonecutter 45 Callon Thomas E, 44 Jesse Burnett carpenter platelayer 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 15: John Winchester, 15: John Winchester, laborer 40 George Coxon, 35: vacant 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer G Brewer 31: Edward 57: Richard Salmon 57: Richard 39 John E Usher, 29: Patrick Bird, 29: Patrick Bird, laborer Morris, George paper stainer J Thwaites house agent 53: Jesse Clifford, riveter 67: John Moody, 67: John Moody, cabinetmaker 61: Thomas Earl, laborer carriage painter carpenter 66: John Mathews, 37 vacant 30 Valentine Room grocery shoemaker 57 Thomas Haslip bricklayer 33 Joseph Keech, pedlar 28 vacant 64 Alexander Smith, 31 Mrs Catherine Murton 55: Joseph W Packer brush maker John Montgomery, carpenter laborer/grocer 24 Holmes P, 60 Patrick Greevy laborer 53: Joseph Amos stove mounter carpenter 29 William Stewart 58 Patrick McGreevy shoemaker stove mounter 22 James Barrow, 23: William McClennand porter/doorkeeper asylum 35: Wiliam Levack, butcher William Southby, 20 Denis Driscoll laborer 21: Edward Barton broom manufacturer 23: Alexander McGuigan, 18 D McKinstry laborer 19: Charles Neeve, clerk stonecutter 21: James Grissle WALLIS AND carpenter CORNWALL BREWERY QUEEN NR DUNDAS [loc?]

12: John Barton 13: Mary Scott, caretaker, Givins school

17: William Barsdale

4: Kenneth McClennan,

gardener 11: James Anderson principal of Givins school 796: William Kinnear, drover 792: John Dunn, gardener 802–4: Martin Welsh, 802–4: Martin Welsh, grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 688: S Worthington, 688: S Worthington, baker 2: Wiliiam Wood, 764 : John Blake, agent

horseshoer 818: John Ayer, grocer W Barton Edward mfr broom 126

1874

Joseph Nelson, asylum keeper [loc?]

110 John A Donaldson emigration agent

71 John B Read, Barrister Widow of Thomas K Morgan 69 William Rand, clerk

59 George B Kirkpatrick, surveyor John Grifﬁth traveler John Nelson RH Browne clerk 43 Rev Frederick John Hozack ﬁreman 58 Widow judge SB Groves Harrison Miss Cecil Givins, [Givins ave]

Mrs A Kelly widow James Donovan bricklayer VJ Wallis tinsmith Charles Rose bricklayer WL Wells bricklayer Robert Woodland bricklayer Henry Wallis bricklayer 11: George R Pierce, James Snell Bricklayer laborer 91 Edward Lemon 9: Henry Clare, laborer cattle dealer 5: Edward Clare, laborer 85 Jesse Dunn, drover 1–3 John Seager, James English grocer laborer 81 William Bell

67 Mrs R Cleary widow

94 John Dunn 82 —— Bury drover

carpenter 82 John Keeler Peter Trowern 80 P McGreevy Engineer Jeremiah Curtain, Jeremiah laborer

Richard Pendrick Richard laborer Fitch, laborer Edward foundryman Edwin Edwards machinist James Dace laborer William Parradine laborer

76: Jeremiah McAuliff 57 Francis Rogers painter butcher

74: Joseph Digre 68 John McCool machinist GIVINS SCHOOL painter 53 Samuel Watt

72: David Barnett butcher 64 Robert Verrall ﬁtter laborer

49 Patrick McConvey

70: Robert Smith, 47 James Donovan, butcher 47r Joseph Pollard 60 John Paig

brushmaker 45bricklayer Callow Thomas E, tailor bricklayer

carpenter

58: Thomas Waldey,

stonecutter 43 Joseph Keech, 44 Jesse Burnett pedlar platelayer 39 John E Usher, 40 George Coxon, 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 15: John Winchester, 15: John Winchester, laborer carpenter 35: William Morris laborer 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer carriage painter 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 31: Edwin Huggett engineer 57: Richard Salmon, 57: Richard boilermaker 29: PeterBird, 29: PeterBird, laborer J Thwaites house agent 53: Jesse Clifford, riveter 67: John Moody, 67: John Moody, cabinetmaker 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker Wm Usher, ropemaker 38 William Levack butcher 66: John Mathews, 37 Joseph Collard 36 Henry Whetter grocery drover plasterer 57 vacant 33 Charles Austin, 30 Thomas McCann laborer laborer 64 Alexander Smith, 31.5 John Montgomery, 28 William Harwood 55: Joseph W Packer brush maker laborer/grocer carpenter carpenter 24 William Logan 60 George Lambert 31 Mrs Catherine Murton laborer 53: Thomas Butler plumber GWR 29 William Stewart 58 James Kane shoemaker poultry dealer 22 James Burrow, 25 vacant porter 33: Sinclair Levack, butcher 23: William McClelland drover 20 Denis Driscoll 21: Edward Barton broom manufacturer 18 D McKinstry 19: William Damp stonecutter bricklayer 21: James Gristle WALLIS AND carpenter CORNWALL BREWERY QUEEN NR DUNDAS [loc?] 28 William Woods blacksmith 11 William Winchester carriage builder 22 Major William Alger 9 Widow Breen

14 John Winchester Lawyer 9 John Crealack

drover

Arthur Taylor 12: EJ Seager clerk 13: Mary Scott, caretaker, Givins school

17: William Barsdale

8: vacant

11: John Barton asylum keeper DENISON ST [loc?] 796: William Kinnear, drover 792: John Dunn, gardener 804: Martin Welsh, 804: Martin Welsh, grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 802 C/J Hetherington mariner/operator 1–9: Harry Giddings, hotel 764 : John Blake, agent = 826–828 QSW W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom 127

1875

110 John A Donaldson emigration agent

71 John B Read, Barrister Widow of Thomas K Morgan 69 William Rand, clerk

59 Harry Moody

John Nelson John Grifﬁth traveler RH Browne clerk 43 Rev Frederick John Hozack ﬁreman 58 Widow judge SB Groves Harrison Miss Cecil Givins, [Givins ave]

Mrs A Kelly widow James Donovan bricklayer 11: George R Pierce, VJ Wallis tinsmith Charles Rose bricklayer WL Wells bricklayer Robert Woodland bricklayer Henry Wallis bricklayer laborer James Snell Bricklayer 9: Henry Clare, laborer 91 Edward Lemon 7: James Weekes, cattle dealer carpenter 5: Edward Clare, laborer 85 Jesse Dunn, 90 George Roll, drover 1–3 John Dempster, framemaker grocer 88 George Robertson, 81 William Bell

tailor

67 Mrs R Cleary widow

94 John Dunn

82 —— Bury drover

carpenter 82 John Keeler 80 P McGreevy Jeremiah Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer

John Fowler hatter foundryman Edwin Edwards machinist vancant Jonathan Dauptor baker and grocer William Saunders shoemaker vacant vacant Peter Trowern Engineer

76: Jeremiah McAuliff painter 57 Francis Rogers 68 John McCool

butcher

74: Joseph Digre machinist painter [HERE CEDAR ST

53 Samuel Watt 66 Frederick Denman, laborer

INTERSECTS???]

72: David Barnett butcher 64 Robert Verrall ﬁtter laborer 49 Patrick McConvey

70: Robert Smith, James Smith milkman

60 John Paig

GIVINS SCHOOL brushmaker butcher bricklayer

47 James Donovan, 47r Joseph Pollard 54 James Curran, laborer

bricklayer tailor James Smith, milkman 45 Callow Thomas E, 44 Mark Castle

67: John Moody, 67: John Moody, cabinetmaker carpenter blacksmith 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker 43 Joseph Keech, 40 George Coxon, 17: Peter Bird, 17: Peter Bird, laborer 15: John Winchester, 15: John Winchester, laborer carpenter 35: William Morris laborer 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer 37. vancant 23. GRM Thwaites house agent 19. vancant 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 31: Edwin Huggett engineer 57: Richard Salmon, 57: Richard boilermaker 59. vancant 53: Jesse Clifford, riveter tinsmith 38 William Levack 39 Ab Green, butcher 66: John Mathews, photographer 36 Robert Whitlow grocery 37 Joseph Collard carriage maker 57 Thomas Melfort, drover mason 30 Thomas McCann 33 Mrs C Parks, widow laborer 31.5 George T Baker, 64 Alexander Smith, laborer/grocer 28 William Harwood 55: Joseph W Packer brush maker carpenter carpenter 31 Mrs Catherine Murton 26 Patrick Wilson 60 George Lambert 41: Thomas Butler laborer GWR plumber 24 Mrs E Duggan, widow 29 William Logan, 58 James Kane blacksmith poultry dealer 22 James Burrow, 25: William McClelland porter 33: James Helfor, painter drover 23: Thomas Hughes, Jesse Burnett, engineer carpenter 20 Denis Driscoll 21: Thomas Baker, [HERE DEVER’S LANE grocer INTERSECTS???] 18 D McKinstry vacant 19: William Damp stonecutter bricklayer 21: James Driscolt George Abbs, machinist Ambrose Tucker laborer bricklayer

Henry Abbs, brickmaker 28 Frank Baker civil engineer 11 William Winchester WF Jamieson, asylum keeper carriage builder BACK TO ‘DEVER’S LANE’

Patrick Kane, laborer 22 Major William Alger 9 Widow BreenRear Denison

16: Mrs E Hare, George Weekes, John Burns, James English laborer

widow carpenter 14 BW Murray chairmaker accountant 9 John Crealack

drover

Alfred Hobbs photographer Arthur Taylor 12: George clerk 13: Henry Munsell, laborer McLennan, broom-maker

17: William Barsdale 8: vacant

“A STREET” 11: Mrs John Barton, asylum keeper

DENISON ST [loc?] widow 796: Robert Reynolds, baker 792: John Dunn, gardener 788: Benj. Parker, 788: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: Martin Welsh, 804: Martin Welsh, grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 802 C/J Hetherington mariner/operator 1–9: Harry Giddings, hotel 764 : John Blake, agent = 826–828 QSW W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom 128

1876

110 John A Donaldson Robert Wills carpenter

emigration agent

71 John B Read, Barrister

Widow of Thomas K Morgan

69 William Band, clerk

59 Harry Moody

John Grifﬁth traveler Denis Driscoll, laborer vacnat RH Browne clerk John Hozack engine driver Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick vacant 58 Widow judge SB Groves Jacob Curtis stonecutter Harrison CECIL WEST

12 William Bell, engineer

vacant vacant vacant vacant vacant vacant Fred B Hawkes Fred brass ﬁnisher Charles Rose bricklayer John Bell, teamster Mrs A Kelly widow John Cracknell, plasterer James Donovan bricklayer WL Wells bricklayer James English, boilermaker VJ Wallis tinsmith George Blackhall George carpenter Alexander Allen printer

11: George R Pierce, BA MRCP Rev Prof Llewellyn, matriculation tutor engineer John Cracknell, plasterer 9: vacant 91 Edward Lemon 7: James Weekes, cattle dealer carpenter 5: Edward Clare, laborer 85 Patrick Kinnear, P 90 George Roll, Kinnear&Co 1–3 John Dempster, artist

grocer 81 William Bell 94 John Dunn

88 George Robertson,

drover tailor 79 John Jones,

67blacksmith Alfred Lambe of R&H 95 Jesse Dunn drover

Lambe 82 John Keeler

82 Joseph Collard,

butcher 80 vacant vacant D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer John Kennedy bricklayer Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer John Dace laborer Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow vacant vacant John S Donaldson bookkeeper Peter Trowern Engineer

68 William Embleton, grocer 57 Francis Rogers

butcher

66 Frederick Denman, laborer

53 Samuel Watt

Jason Dunn, gardener

butcher

Miss Mary Dunn, dressmaker 72: George McKeo, 49 Patrick McConvey 64 Robert Verrall blacksmith butcher laborer

47 Elias Jones,

70: Robert Smith, James Smith milkman

60 John Pegg GIVINS SCHOOL

horse trainer 47r Joseph Pollard John McColl machinist brushmaker 45 Callow Thomas E, bricklayer tailor

carpenter 52 Frederick Adams,

43 John Pearson, switchman GTR James Smith, milkman 41butcher George Baker, grocer 50 Michael McCarthy, laborer 77 vacant [loc?] 74 Nelson Clark [loc?] plasterer 67: saloon 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker 39 Ab Green, 44 Mark Castle 37.5photographer James Cates, shoemaker` 17: Peter Bird, 17: Peter Bird, laborer

21: Henry Mansell, broom maker butcher John Blakely baker 19: vacant John Allan, carpenter

Edward J Hook Edward laborer 21: James Driscolt George Downard, policeman Ambrose Tucker laborer

bricklayer Thomas Hughes, carpenter 18 D McKinstry stonecutter WF Jamieson, asylum keeper

Patrick Kane, laborer Theodore Zinkernagel, George Weekes, 16: Mrs E Hare, carriage builder

carpenter Thomas McCann laborer widow

Alfred Hobbs Alex McClellan, carpenter

hatter

vacant Hugh Johnson, painter

12: William Damp, 13: John Moran, laborer bricklayer

8: vacant 17: William Barsdale

11: Mrs John Barton, asylum keeper widow Robert Wilson 796: Robert Mansﬁeld, fruits 792: John Dunn, gardener 788: Benj. Parker, 788: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: William Harwood, carpenter and grocer 758 Thomas Hook trader 802 George McClennan, 802 George maker broom

accountant 764 : John Blake, agent 1–9: Harry Giddings, hotel 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom Alex Montgomery, blacksmith

= 826–828 QSW 820: John G McCaig, blacksmith

BROOKFIELD FENNINGS 129

1877

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent Robert Wills carpenter 108 Samuel Heal builder

71 John B Read, Barrister

Widow of Thomas K Morgan Wm Dempster baker

69 William Band, clerk

59 Captain Harry Moody

John Grifﬁth traveler Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, butcher RH Browne clerk John Hozack engine driver 43 Rev Frederick Thomas Crouch carpenter vacant Jacob Curtis stonecutter Widow judge SB Groves

Harrison

12 JP McDonald Chancery ofﬁce Osgoode Hall

Fred B Hawkes Fred brass ﬁnisher Charles Rose bricklayer John Bell, teamster Mrs A Kelly widow Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR —— Wilmott WL Wells bricklayer Jonathan Cracknell plasterer 11: William Dandy, painter VJ Wallis tinsmith George Blackhall George carpenter Alexander Allen printer George Burry George builder John A Scarlett farmer Alfred Howard Howard Alfred blacksmith William Bell James Dunn laborer James Donovan bricklayer DB Sample carriage trimmer` 9: Henry Clare, laborer 91 Edward Lemon 7: James Weekes, cattle dealer carpenter

5: Edward Clare, laborer 85 Patrick Kinnear, 95 Jesse Dunn 92 W Bell engineer drover cattle dealer

1–3 John Dempster, 92 John Case, druggist

81 William McBratny, grocer cement maker 94 John Dunn 81 DJ Browne, clerk bank of drover 90 George Roll, looking 79 John Jones,

glass maker 73blacksmith George Keen, painter commerce

69 vacant 82 John Keeler

88 George Robertson,

tailor

67 vacant

82 vacant

80 James Sinclair, George Wood, stonemason Wood, George Mrs S Powell, widow D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard laborer

John Kennedy bricklayer overseer Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer John Longerst, cooper John Dace laborer Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow Samuel Wallace, Samuel Wallace, MD Thomas Tracy asylum bursar vacant vacant Henry Smith, painter/ Peter Trowern Engineer grocer

BOND WEST = Crawford

55–57 Francis Rogers 70 Miss Mary Frost grocer

drover

53 Samuel Watt 68 E Cordwell, painter butcher

66 Frederick Denman, laborer

72: Peter Sinclair, clerk 51 George Wallis tinsmith 64 Robert Verrall

49 Patrick McConvey laborer butcher

70: Robert Smith, James Smith milkman

47 vacant 60 John Pegg GIVINS SCHOOL

John McColl machinist brushmaker bricklayer 45 Callow Thomas E,

carpenter 52 Frederick Adams,

43 John Pearson, James Smith, milkman butcher 50switchman Michael GTRMcCarthy, laborer 41 Wallace Samuel, MD 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker 39 AA Green, fruit potter 42–44 Andrew Heine painter 17: Peter Bird, 17: Peter Bird, laborer 15: PF cGreevy, 15: PF cGreevy, captain schooner “Canadian” John Cracknell, laborer 35: vacant 39: Patrick Lynch, 39: Patrick Lynch, plasterer 47: Michael Kennedy, 47: Michael Kennedy, ` laborer 37. vancant 23. GRM Thwaites house agent William Smith, laborer 19 vacant James Larmer, ﬂax James Larmer, dresser 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, plasterer 57: Patrick Kennedy, 57: Patrick Kennedy, cooper 59. vancant 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 37.5 Thomas Broomhall, boots 40 George Coxon, 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 37+ shoes Hyram Mansell carpenter maker 66: John Mathews, butcher 38 William Levack grocery 33 Mrs Hannah Parks, butcher 57 John Nicholl widow 36 James Hook, laborer carpenter 31.5 John Pendrel, grocer 55: William Hewitt, ﬁreman 30 Thomas McCann 53 Patrick Carton, tanner 64 Alexander Smith, laborer brush maker 51 Richard Furlong, 28 Mrs Hughes harnessmakerconstruction 31 William J McClelland, construction 62 George Lambert drover 26 Patrick Wilson construction MAITLAND STREET [ = Lobb?] plumber laborer construction 29 William Logan, 24 Andrew H Mason laborer41: Thomas Butler 60 James Kain blacksmith and grocer 22 James Burlow, GWR

huckster 25: William McClelland porter

drover

23: William Stewart, Joseph Keech, pedlar shoemaker 20 vacant 21: George McClelland, broom maker John Blakely baker 19: Jonathan G Keeler, John Allan, carpenter

clerk J Hook Edward laborer 21: ——— Daniels Thomas Middlemiss, Ambrose Tucker 18 D McKinstry bookkeeper bricklayer stonecutter Lewis Ritchey, carpenter [loc?] Thomas Hughes, carpenter Hyram B Fairﬁeld WF Jamieson, malster

Theodore Zinkernagel, George Weekes, 16: Hy T Amos, law carriage builder

carpenter vacant stationer

vacant Alex McClellan, carpenter

vacant

Hans Johnson, printer 12: Alex Montgomery 13: Thomas Moran, laborer blacksmith Albert Barton

broommaker

17: William Barsdale 11: Mrs John Barton, asylum keeper widow

Robert Wilson 788–90: A Timm, teamster 792: John Burns, ﬂour and feed 786: Benj. Parker, 786: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: William Harwood, carpenter and grocer accountant 802 William Damp bricklayer 1–9 Centennial Hotel, John Dunn, gardener 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom Alex Montgomery, blacksmith 824: John G McCaig, blacksmith 758 Thomas Hook trader Thomas E Scholes Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent

BROOKFIELD FENNINGS 130

1878

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

Robert Wills carpenter 108 Samuel Heal

carpenter

71 John B Read, Barrister

Widow of Thomas K Morgan

69 William Band, govt clerk

vacant

59 Captain Harry Moody

Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter Mrs SB Harrison widow Charles Lindsay, city Groves

registr HALTON STREET

94 William Bell 12 JP McDonald clerk, attorney ofﬁce general’s

engineer

13: FredCharles Rose bricklayer Fraser,

commercial traveler 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher

11: William Dandy, painter Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist

5.5: James Weekes, carpenter James Kempt carpenter

92 William Logan bksmth 85 Patrick Kinnear, 95 Jesse Dunn

5: Edward Clare, laborer Mrs Logan grocer drover cattle dealer 1–3 John Dempster, 81 vacant

grocer 94 John Dunn 81 vacant

79 John Jones,

drover

blacksmith 90 George Robertson, tailor 73 George Keen, painter 79 James Crawford

John Hildebrand, tailor 69 Robert Young 82 John Keeler drover

carpenter

82 Henry Church

67 Frank Guest, messenger 80 James Sinclair Ontario Bank George Wood, stonemason Wood, George Mrs S Powell, widow D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer James Buchanan, laborer Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow Samuel Wallace, Samuel Wallace, MD vacant vacant Percival, LV reporter 78 Henry Smith, painter Peter Trowern Engineer Mrs smith fancy goods

57 Frank Rogers drover 70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell,

druggist/grocer

74 Patrick Kennedy, 55 Samuel Watt, butcher 68 William Shaver carptr

cooper 53 P McConvey, butcher 66 Frederick Denman, laborer

72: Peter Sinclair, clerk 51 John Pearson, 64 Robert Verrall laborer butcher49 vacant

James Smith milkman

72: George McKeig, 47 vacant James Rowell 56 John Pegg brickmason GIVINS SCHOOL blacksmith 45 George Wallis,

James Smith, milkman 70: Alex Smith, tinsmith 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR

43 vacant brushmaker 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer Patrick Kane, laborer Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, 41 Mrs H Park, dry

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, laborer 44 Andrew Heine painter

15: PF cGreevy, 15: PF cGreevy, captain schooner “Canadian” goods Edward Checkley, Checkley, Edward lather 35: James Fletcher, jeweler 35: James Fletcher, 23. GRM Thwaites house agent 19 Henry Neill, shoemaker 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather vacant 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 57: vacant 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer grocer 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 37 vacant 40 George Coxon, carpenter maker 66: John Mathews, grocery 35 vacant 38 William Levack butcher

57 John Nichols laborer 33 vacant 36 Edward J Hook, laborer 31.5 vacant 55 vacant 53 vacant 64 Robert Smith, 51.5 George Stanton mason brush mfr 51 William Hall wood turner 31 William J McClelland, 49 John Verrall butcher 62 John Lambert butcher drover 47 Henry W Alford carpenter 45 William Verrall sailor 29 H Sheridan, boots and James Thair painter 60 James Kain poultry dlr shoes 43 Thompson Butler laborer Mrs Fisher widow 41: vacant 25: Thomas G Chamberlain, saddler 30 Mrs Bitler

23: William McClelland 26 Patrick Wilson laborer 28 vacant —— Dunford Thirteen houses inhabited

Two houses inhabited Two 21: George McClelland, 24 Andrew H Mason laborer broom maker 22 James Burrow, vacant 19: Jonathan G Keeler, porter clerk 20 James McCleary D McKinstry stonecutter side entrance gardener vacant Ambrose Tucker 18 D McKinstry bricklayer Theodore Zinkernagel, stonecutter carriage builder John Blakely baker WF Jamieson, laborer

vacant George Weekes, 33: Charles Addison 24 vacant carpenter vacant expressman

Mrs C Keller, widow Joseph Henry Gosson cabinetmaker Alex McClellan, carpenter

vacant 21: Thomas McCann

Hans Johnson, printer 12: John Smith laborer 13: Thomas Moran, laborer Albert Barton FIRE HALL broommaker

AND

17: William Barisdale 3 houses POLICE 11: Mrs John Barton, laborer

occupants 10 houses STATION widow

Robert Wilson vacant the usual occupants

788–90: A Timm, teamster 792: John Burns, ﬂour and feed 786: Benj. Parker, 786: Benj. Parker, laborer 804: William Harwood, carpenter and grocer accountant the usual, at 802 William Damp bricklayer 1–9 Scholes Hall John Dunn, gardener Lewis Ritchey, carpenter top W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom 824: vacant 758 Thomas Hook trader “contractor” Thomas E Scholes Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter George Steckles agent George vacant 131

1879

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

Robert Wills carpenter 108 Samuel Heal

carpenter

71 John B Read, Barrister

60 Widow of Thomas K

Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

vacant

59 Captain Harry Moody

Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter Mrs SB Harrison widow 58 Charles Lindsay, city registr Groves

HALTON STREET

Mrs E Foster widow C 94 William Bell 12 JP McDonald clerk, attorney ofﬁce general’s

engineer

13: FredCharles Rose bricklayer Fraser,

commercial traveler 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher

11: WJ Dempster baker Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist

5.5: James Weekes, carpenter James Kempt carpenter

92 William Logan bksmth 85 James Hooke butcher 95 Jesse Dunn

5: Edward Clare, laborer Mrs Logan grocer cattle dealer

1–3 John Dempster, 81 Thomas Mundy baker gardener 94 John Dunn 81 John S

79 John Jones, Charles drover

blacksmith 90 George Robertson, tailor 73 George Keen, painter 79 James Crawford

John Hildebrand, gilder 69 Robert Young 82 John Keeler driver

carpenter

82 James Williams

MJ Daniels, laborer Mrs smith fancy goods

70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell, 57 F Rodgers drover druggist/grocer

55 John Pearson butcher 74 Patrick Kennedy, 68 vacant

cooper 53 WR Burrage publisher 66 Frederick Denman, laborer

51 John Pendrel grocer 64 Robert Verrall laborer 49 P McConvey drover

James Smith painter

72: George Stanton James Bowell GIVINS SCHOOL

47 vacant 56 John Pegg brickmason

bricklayer 45 George Wallis, John McCool machinist

70: Alex Smith, tinsmith 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR brushmaker 43 H Sherridan shoemaker 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, William Brown 41 vacant 44 vacant 15 John Matson builder vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 59 Alfred Barrett, hat 37grocer John Robertson employee central prison 40 George Coxon, carpenter

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 66: John Mathews, grocery 35.5 P Morrison laborer 38 William Levack butcher

35 Henry Ray butcher 57 John Nichols laborer 36 William Hall wool turner

33 JH Pattinson dry 31.5goods James Beilby grocer 55 Robert Thompson ﬁreman 53 Robert Graham laborer Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, 51.5 Charles Gooderham bricklayer brush mfr 51carpenter vacant 31 William J McClelland, 49 John Verrall butcher 62 John Lambert butcher drover 47 Henry W Alford carpenter 45 William Verrall sailor 29 vacant James Thair painter 60 James Kain poultry dlr 43 Thomas Butler laborer Mrs Fisher widow 41: vacant 25: Henry Mansell butcher 30 Wm McGowan George Weekes, 28 David Torbot laborer carpenter 23: William McClelland butcher Wilson Webroom grocer 26 Patrick Wilson laborer —— Dunford Thirteen houses inhabited

Two houses inhabited Two 21: Charles Willman blind maker 24 Andrew H Mason laborer vacant 19: Jonathan G Keeler, 22 Peter Monegan clerk blacksmith D McKinstry stonecutter side entrance 20 Peter McBride laborer vacant 18 D McKinstry Theodore Zinkernagel, stonecutter carriage builder John Blakely baker O Grove clerk WF Jamieson, laborer Arch Locke agent

33: Charles McDermot 24 Henry Leach foreman vacant dairyman

Alex McClellan, carpenter

16 Willam Brown dry

vacant 21: Thomas McKen

Hans Johnson, printer goods 16 William Fillrey laborer laborer 13: Thomas Moran, laborer FIRE HALL

AND 12: Albert Barton

broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale 9 houses POLICE 11: Mrs John Barton, widow

occupants 11 houses STATION widow

Robert Wilson vacant the usual occupants

vacant 824: vacant 758 Thomas Hook trader “contractor” Thomas E Scholes Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter George Steckles agent George vacant 132

1880

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

Wm 108 William Crealock

Featherstonehaugh butcher

71 John B Read, Barrister bursar Mrs Cecil Givins [!]

Robert Wills carpenter 60 Widow of Thomas K

Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

vacant eight houses built to

59 Captain Harry Moody Grove Ave Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter 58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL Mrs SB Harrison widow

registrar HALTON STREET

15 Mrs E Foster widow C 94 Hugh Robb William Bell engineeer

grocer

13 JamesCharles Rose bricklayer Weeks builder

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist

7 John Knifton bookkeeper James Kempt carpenter

cattle dealer 92 Mrs Logan grocer 85 James Hooke butcher

5: Edward Clare, laborer 89 William Cruit clerk 1–3 John Dempster, 81 Thomas Mundy baker gardener 94 John Dunn 81 William Martin

79 —— Macauley bookkeeper drover

90 vacant 73 vacant 82 John Keeler 79 James Crawford

69 Robert Young builder driver

Alfred Packham letter carrier

88 John Burgess laborer carpenter

82 Henry Smith painter

Mrs Jane Fleming

12, 14, 18, 20, vacant,

70 Joseph/Mrs Rowell, 57 F Rodgers drover druggist/grocer

55 John Pearson butcher 68 Edwin Rosseter brushmaker

66 Frederick Denman, laborer

53 vacant 64 Robert Verrall laborer 51 John Pendrel grocer 49 P McConvey drover

2. James Smith painter

James Bowell GIVINS SCHOOL

47 vacant 60 John Pegg bricklayer

45 George Wallis, John McCool machinist

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 Alonzo A Green, 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer three to the lane three grocer 40 George Coxon, carpenter 59 Alfred Barrett, hat

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 66: John Mathews, 37 Henry Ray butcher grocery 38 William Levack butcher

27 WF Jamieson Arch Locke agent 24 vacant

13: Thomas Moran, laborer

5, 7

22 Alfred Batho carpenter

24 Henry Leach foreman three 11: Mrs John Barton, 33: Charles McDermot

more widow vacant dairyman 20 vacant 7 George Robertson 17 Alex McClellan, carpenter 18 vacant 5 Stephen G Saywell,

vacant harness 21: Thomas McKen

Hugh Johnson, printer 16 William Fillrey laborer laborer 16 vacant 3 Clarissa Dimma, stationery vacant FIRE HALL

12: Albert Barton AND 1 Mrs Sarah Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale 2–6 POLICE watchmaker widow “orson STATION 1–7 “orton pl”

Robert Wilson vacant pl” 17, 19, 21, 23,

12, 16, 20, vacant lot

Lewis Ritchey, carpenter W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom

826 Edwin Franklin dealer 758 Thomas Hook trader 28, 36 Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent 820 JS Bond waggon maker Edwin Weeks, Edwin Weeks, carpenter George Steckles agent George vacant

Phoenix Hotel 133

1881

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

Wm 108 William Crealock

Featherstonehaugh butcher

71 John B Read, Barrister bursar CP Mrs Cecil Givins [!]

Mrs S Wiliams widow R 60 Widow of Thomas K

Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

eight houses built to vacant

59 Captain Harry Grove Ave incl 1, 3, 5, 24, Moody 30 Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter 58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL Mrs SB Harrison widow

registrar HALTON STREET

15 Mrs E Foster widow C 94 Hugh Robb William Bell engineeer

grocer

13 JamesCharles Rose bricklayer Weeks builder

twentyf-ﬁve houses 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher including 19, 23, 29, 30, 91 Edward Lemon 11: WJ Dempster baker 31, 37, 39 cattle dealer Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 85 PC Price pol con George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer

J Donovan sr bricklayer 95 Jesse Dunn Thomas Smith chemist cattle dealer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 83 R Maxwell ﬂour and

7 John Knifton bookkeeper James Kempt carpenter 89 William Cruit clerk

feed 92 Mrs Logan grocer 81 Thomas Mundy

5: Edward Clare, laborer gardener 87 Thomas Crawford drover 1–3 John Dempster, 79 William Derm laborer

baker 94 John Dunn 81 William Martin

75 John Jones blaksmith bookkeeper drover

90 Ed Shingler sausage maker73 Samuel McKee

79 James Crawford

provisions 69 Robert Young driver

Alfred Packham letter carrier

carpenter 88 D Southerland mfr

82 Edward Curtis

12, 16, 18, 20, vacant,

built to the lane incl 48 musician 67 Frank Guest, messenger 80 James Sinclair clerk west to Northcote Ontario Bank George Wood, stonemason Wood, George D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer vacant Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery Mrs R Cleary widow 3. Gordon William Seaton 3. Gordon barrister ED Armour barrister 1. vacant 78 James Beilby grocer Peter Trowern Engineer MJ Daniels, laborer

70 William Earl fruit dealer ARGYLE STREET 57 F Rodgers drover

55 John Pearson butcher 68 Edwin Rosseter brushmaker

66 Frederick Denman, laborer

53 Samuel Watt butcher

64 Robert Verrall laborer

51 John Pendrel grocer 2. James Smith painter

49 P McConvey drover H Earl GIVINS SCHOOL

60 John Pegg bricklayer

45 James Hatch, tinsmith John McCool machinist

72: Robert Smith, 52 Frederick Adams, switchman GTR brushmaker 43 H Sherridan 50 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer

Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, 41shoemaker vacant William Brown 70 Dennis Driscoll 44 George Ovrid laborer 15 John Matson builder vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer

53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 39 JH Pattinson dry 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer two to the lane goods 40 George Coxon, carpenter 59 Alfred Barrett, hat

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman maker 66: John Mathews, 37A Green Daniel grocer Glyn butcher grocery 38 William Levack butcher

35 vacant 57 JS Bond waggon 33 William Beckett carpr maker 36 Robert Thompson ﬁremanMrs H Nicholas 31 Robert Brown barber 55 George Stanton bricklayer 53 Robert Joslin tanner Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, bricklayer brush mfr 51.5 DG Mowatt baggageman 51 David Glover laborer construction 31 William J McClelland 49 John Verrall butcher 62 William Hickson tailor drover 47 William McGowan laborer 45 William Verrall sailor construction 29 Mrs Eliza Merritt dressmaker 43 Thomas Butler laborer James Thair painter 60 James Kain poultry dlr 27 vacant lot Mrs Fisher widow 25: Henry Mansell butcher 30 Mrs Major 58 John Lambert butcher widow 45 George Austin blacksmith George Weekes, 39 J Gaussuin cabinet maker carpenter 23: William McClelland butcher 28 J Eversﬁeld laborer Alfred Hobbs hatter 43 Thomas Hicks blacksmith

Thirteen houses including 29, 33, 35, 37, 39 26 Patrick Wilson laborer

Two houses inhabited Two 21: Robert Whillans William Wesbroom draper stonemason 24 William Wilson laborer 39 Terry Thomas carpr 19: Jonathan G Keeler, 22 Moses Morton laborer clerk 37 TJ Botstone lab J Bolton laborer

20 Lee James laborer 18 Henry Boulton laborer 34 Alex Gibson ﬁtter 36 Theodore Zinkernagel, 32 George Bruce painter carriage builder Frank Wootten publisher 30 Alfred Cooper baker

28 WF Jamieson 13: Daniel Mackevoy

laborer 24 Peter Oster milk dlr

5, 7

22 Alfred Batho carpenter

24 Henry Leach foreman one more 11: Mrs John Barton, 33: Charles McDermot

widow dairyman

20 John Colts ﬂour and 7 George Robertson tailor William Finley laborer feed 17 Alex McClellan, carpenter

18 John Cox window 5 vacant

vacant 21: Thomas McKen

shade mfr 15 Hugh Johnson, printer 1–7 “orton pl”16 William Armstrong 16 William Tilney laborer laborer 17, 19, 21, 23,drug 3 Thomas Batty machinist vacant 25, 29, 31 FIRE HALL

12: Albert Barton AND 1 James Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale 2–6 POLICE watchmaker widow “orson STATION

Robert Wilson pl”

798 Henry Allen saddler 800 Louis Richey carpenter 804: JH Hutty druggist accountant 2, 4, 6, 10, 802 William Harwood carpenter 792 John Dunn, gardener 788 RS Rcihardson carpenter 788 RS Rcihardson 790 Ben Parker fruiterer

12, 18, 20, 780 Joseph Dilworth ﬂour and feed 796 John Burns ice merchant 818: Edward W Barton 818: Edward mfr broom

826 vacant 758 Thomas Hook trader 28, 34, 36 1 Charles Logie, grocer764 : John Blake, agent 820 JS Bond waggon maker 832 R baker brown 884 WJ Johnson eng 888 Miller and Cook gro and 888 Miller and Cook gro butcher 882 George Steckles agent 882 George 878 C Miller widow R 886 SJ Brewes Carpenter 886 SJ Brewes 876 William Elkins builder 872 William Ward estate agent 872 William Ward

Phoenix Hotel 134

1882

110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

9 Wm 108 John A Wismer

Featherstonehaugh school teacher

71 John B Read, Barrister bursar CP Mrs Cecil Givins [!]

G Stanton bricklayer 60 Widow of Thomas K

Morgan 69 Mrs SB Harrison widow

59 Captain Harry

8 12 14 26 28 40 48 Moody Daniel Driscoll, laborer Mrs HF Ambery Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

43 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter 58 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL Mrs SB Harrison widow

registrar

15 Mrs E Foster widow C 94 William Bell

1 7 9 A Denison architect

grocer

13 JamesCharles Rose bricklayer Weeks builder

11 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher 37 41 43 47 51 53 55 59 61 91 Edward Lemon 11: WJ Dempster baker 63 65 67 69 71 77 79 81 cattle dealer Michael B Beasley mfr broom vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer

9: Henry Clare, laborer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 85 PC Price policeman 19 Alex Allen compositor George Blackhall George Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer Thomas Smith chemist J Donovan sr bricklayer 106 John Dunn 107 Jesse Dunn drover cattle dealer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 83 R Maxwell ﬂour and

7 John Knifton bookkeeper James Kempt carpenter 99 Robert Morris bank clerk

feed 92 Mrs Logan grocer 81 Bell’s wood yard

5: Edward Clare, laborer 97 Thomas Crawford drover 1–3 John Dempster, 79 Thomas Everist 102 Alfred Packham letter

ﬁreman baker 75 John Jones blaksmith 94 Mrs M Keeler widow 91 RH Watt carrier

Toronto Bridge

90 Ed Shingler sausage maker Co

73 Fred Hayward porter

89 James Crawford

69 Robert Young driver 88 D Southerland mfr carpenter

64 66 68 70 72 82 88 90

100–102 (J Curtin) 104 106 82 Edward Curtis

112 114 118 (D Barnett) musician 67 George Mundy mldr 120 (R Pendrich)124 126 132 80 James Sinclair clerk west to Northcote George Wood, stonemason Wood, George D Barnett stove mounter Curtain, Jeremiah laborer vacant Richard Pendrick Richard polisher MJ Daniels, laborer 62 Henry Smith painter Edwin Edwards machinist Jonathan Peacock laborer Jonathan Dempster baker and grocer vacant vacant Thomas Checkley, laborer Thomas Checkley, Edwin Huggett engineer and grocery 36 Mrs R Cleary widow 4.ED Armour barrister 2 James G Thompson clerk in rev 16 Peter Trowern Engineer

78 James Beilby grocer

MJ Daniels, laborer

78–80 Joseph Grimason, gro 76 J Pearson butcher 63 F Rodgers drover

vacant lots

two stores building 76 Frederick Denman, laborer

59 Samuel Watt butcher

53 Patrick McConvey 74 Robert Verrall laborer drover

49 John Pendrel grocer 1. James Smith painter

H Earl GIVINS SCHOOL

47 FB Hawkes plumber 70 John Pegg bricklayer

31 Joseph Grimason unﬁnished church unﬁnished church vacant lot 45 James Hatch, tinsmith

72: Robert Smith, 62 Charles Moore, butcher

brushmaker 43 WH Davis boots and 60 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer

Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, shoes William Brown 41 S Temple shoemaker 70 Dennis Driscoll 52 George Ovend lab 15 John Matson builder

vacant 67 Alfred Barrett, hat 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 57: Thomas Hetherington

61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 39.5 A Green grocer 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 59 61 maker 46 George Coxon, carpenter 74 George Austin blacksmith 17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman 39 JH Pattinson dry 65 JS Bond waggon 66: John Mathews, 37goods Henry Mansell butcher maker grocery 44 James Hook, butcher 63 E Smith widow J 35 William Reeves baker 72 Thomas Hicks blacksmith

33 William Beckett carpr 42 JamesThompson ﬁreman 61 John McGee lab 31.5 James Hayes gro 59 William Robinson brushmaker 66 John Maloney crptr Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, bricklayer brush mfr 31 William J McClelland 51 William Garwood lab construction 62 F White lab drover 49 Francis Jamison [?] 62 John Lowery carter 47 William McGowan laborer construction 29 William Reeves baker 34 Charles Martin James Thair painter

45 F Jamison lab Mrs Fisher widow 60 James Cain poultry dlr 27 vacant lot 43 Thomas Butler laborer

32 Henry Bracken drover 58 James Anthony carpr 58 William Lambert butcher 25 Joseph Farr plasterer George Weekes, 39 James Cherry commercial carpenter 30 Patrick Wilson laborer traveler Alfred Hobbs hatter

14 18 26 32 34 36 38 42 44 46 52 58 60 62 64 68 70 72 74 76 23: William McClelland butcher 26 Andrew Mason lab 56 Robert Bruce painter

8 10 37 John Robertson guard CP 21: James Carruthers carpr William Wesbroom draper 24 J Haslam butcher 22 James Lee lab 54 Alfred Cooper baker 19: vacant 4 C Hudson lab 56 Frank Wootten 2 —— Rose lab 20 R Salmon helper GTR publisher 52 John Roney painter 36 Theodore Zinkernagel, 35 William Levack butcher carriage builder 50 Peter Oster milk dlr 14 16 18 F Kemp carpr seven 48 William Humphries butcher houses 46 Cruit 19 Alex McClellan, carpenter

building 13: Daniel Mackevoy

[pf of laborer 7 9 21 23 17 Hugh Johnson, printer

music] []

24 Henry Leach ﬁreman

11: Mrs John Barton, 25 27 29 33: Charles McDermot [] six 31 33 35 widow dairyman houses

1–7 “orson 20 John Colts ﬂour and Charles Martin lab building 37 two houses terrace” 9 11feed 7 George Robertson tailor 42 44 46 13 15 17 19 31

8–12 18 B Bowbeer window

building vacant 48 three “orson shade mfr 5 Henry Burrows shoemaker 23: Thomas McKen houses 33 35 37 39 41 laborer pl” 51 53 55 57 5916 William Armstrong 3 John Laird pictureframer vacant building 2, 4, 6, 10, 61 63 65 drug 12, 18, 20, FIRE HALL

12: Albert Barton 28, 34, 36, AND 1 James Palmer broommaker 17: Mrs Barisdale

46 60 68 POLICE watchmaker widow

STATION

Robert Wilson

820 Henry Allen saddler 824 Louis Richey carpenter 828 James Halbrook carpr 828 James Halbrook accountant bricklayer Andrews 826 George

810 John Dunn, gardener 798 RS Rcihardson carpenter 798 RS Rcihardson 804 William Earl fruit 780 Alfred Clayton machinist 780 Alfred 778 F Hunnisett butcher 758 T Hook of E Leadlay&Co 764 John Batstone lab 772 William Stagg tanner 774 Michael Caron tanner 774 Michael Caron 776 Joseph Collard ﬁreman 776 Joseph Collard 788 James F Colby coal/wood 784 Mrs E Rorke tailoress 848: Edward W Barton 848: Edward mfr broom 816–18 RH Graham ﬂour and feed

786 Charles Logie gro 862 HR Ives & Co iron 862 HR Ives & Co iron works 858 Robert Brown 858 Robert Brown barber 852 John Seaman spring bed mfr 874 Robert Brown 938WJ Johnson eng stable 942 Miller and Cook gro and 942 Miller and Cook gro butcher 936 George Steckles polishing 936 George powder mfr 932 D Mowat brakesman 886 SJ Brewes Carpenter 886 SJ Brewes 930 EW Barton brush mfr 928 HD Taylor mech 928 HD Taylor supt CVR 866 Phoenix Hotel 926 William Ward estate agent 926 William Ward 764 John Batstone lab 135

1883

175 George D Perry 110 John A Donaldson GROVE AVE emigration agent

9 Wm 108 Henry Griff

Featherstonehaugh

173 Roxanna Read bursar CP Mrs Cecil Givins [!]

G Stanton bricklayer 176 Widow of Thomas K

Morgan 171 Mrs SB Harrison widow

169 Ralph Brunker 8 12 14 26 28 40 48

Mrs HF Ambery Daniel Driscoll, laborer Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant Thomas Crouch carpenter

143 Rev Frederick William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter 172 Charles Lindsay, city Groves ST ANN’S SCHOOL Mrs SB Harrison widow

registrar

94 William Bell

1 7 9 W Barton Edward

grocer

Charles Rose bricklayer

11 13 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 115 John Bulman 31 33 35 37 41 43 45 47 51 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher 91 Edward Lemon 53 55 5759 61 63 65 67 69 cattle dealer

Michael B Beasley mfr broom 71 77 81 113 Elizabeth Bulman vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 85 James Grierson George Blackhall George 19 Alex Allen compositor Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer J Donovan sr bricklayer 106 John Dunn 107 Jesse Dunn drover cattle dealer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR 83 R Maxwell ﬂour and

James Kempt carpenter feed 99 AR Denison 81 Bell’s wood yard 92 George Arl grocer

79 Miss Margaret Moran 97 Thomas Crawford drover 77 vacant

81 John Dempster, 102 Alfred Packham letter

75 Mrs Margaret Jones

baker carrier 94 Maria Keeler widow 91 JA McArthur

73 Ellen Logan

90 Ed Shingler sausage maker

69.5 Robert Young

89 James Crawford carpenter69 James Rolph driver 86 George Keen hardware

84 DJ Bradley 81 89 91

93 97 101 82 vacant 67.5 Mrs Anne 103 105 McCullagh 107 109 80 John Outhet butcher 80 Margaret Flanigan 80 Margaret 72 George McPherson 72 George 82 James W Parker 70 Robert Moore 88 George Wright 88 George 68 Thomas R Townsend west to Northcote 90 Moses J Daniels 66 Charles Aymer 92 James Whillans 100–102Jeremiah Curtain, 100–102Jeremiah laborer 64 Richard Hay 64 Richard

126 Edward Clare 126 Edward 67 CA McBride 124 Edward Robinson 124 Edward 120 Richard Pendrich 120 Richard 62 Henry Smith painter 118 David Barnett 114 Edward Checkley 114 Edward 112 Joseph David 110 vacant 108 William Moss 106 Silas Pittain 104 Frederick Rodway 104 Frederick 40 James Hughes 38 William Fourney 36 Rosanna Clery 4 Ernest Kerghoff 2 George Hedges 2 George 16 Peter Trowern Engineer

78 James Beilby grocer

78–80 Joseph Grimason, gro 76 J Pearson butcher 63 F Rodgers drover

vacant lots

74 vacant 76 Frederick Denman, laborer

59 Samuel Watt butcher

53 Patrick McConvey 74 Robert Verrall laborer 51drover vacant

49 Thomas McCollin 1. James Smith painter

H Earl GIVINS SCHOOL

47 FB Hawkes plumber 70 Francis Thorpe

31 Joseph Grimason unﬁnished church unﬁnished church vacant lot 45 James Hatch, tinsmith

72 James Anthony 43.5 Henry Pritchard 62 Charles Moore, butcher

43 WH Davis boots and 60 TimothyMcCarthy, laborer

Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, shoes William Brown 70 Charles Martin 41 Silas Dunton 52 George Overn lab 15 John Matson builder vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 57: Thomas Hetherington

61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 39.5 A Green grocer 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 59 61 46 George Coxon, carpenter 74 George Austin blacksmith 17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman 39 JH Pattinson dry 65 JS Bond waggon 66: John Mathews, 37goods Henry Mansell butcher maker grocery 44 James Hook, butcher 63 E Smith widow J 35 William Reeves baker 72 Thomas Hicks blacksmith

42 Robert Thompson ﬁreman 61 Robert Breen 33 William Stewart 59 William Robinson brushmaker59 William Robinson 31.5 James Hayes gro brushmaker57 John Curran 66 John Maloney crptr Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, brush mfr 31 Matthew Rose 55 John Jones bricklayer 53 JH Smith 51 Emery De Munn construction 62 F White lab 29 William J McClelland 53 57 59 drover 49 Francis Jamison [?] 62 John Lowery carter 61 63 69 47 William McGowan laborer construction 34 James Blair James Thair painter 71 73 45 Albert Haslem Mrs Fisher widow 53 57 59 60 James Cain poultry dlr

61 63 69 71 73 32 Henry Bracken drover 43 Thomas Butler laborer 58 James Anthony carpr 58 William Lambert butcher 25 Benjamin Newson George Weekes, 39 James Cherry commercial carpenter 30 Patrick Wilson laborer traveler Alfred Hobbs hatter

14 16 18 26 32 34 36 38 42 44 46 52 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 23: William McClelland butcher 26 James Brodie 56 Robert Bruce painter 8 10 21: James Carruthers carpr William Wesbroom draper 24 Thomas Everist 37 John Streets 22 James Lee lab 54 Alfred Cooper baker 19: John G Keeler Charles Hudson

3 7 9 13 2 —— Rose lab 15 17 19 56 Frank Wootten 20 R Salmon helper GTR 21 23 25 publisher 52 John Roney painter 36 Theodore Zinkernagel, 27 29 31 35 William Levack butcher carriage builder 33 35 37 50 Peter Oster milk dlr 39 41 43 8 10 14 16 18 Heghen Robert 18 20 22 48 William Humphries butcher 45 47 49 46 Cruit 51 24 26 28 28 John Carris 19 Alex McClellan, carpenter 30 32 34 13: Daniel Mackevoy

36 38–50 laborer 7 9 21 23 17 Hugh Johnson, printer

vacant 52

24 Henry Leach ﬁreman

11: Elizabeth Barton, 25 27 29 33: Charles McDermot

54 56 58 widow 31 33 35 dairyman 60 62

1–7 “orson 20 John Colts ﬂour and 37 terrace” 9 11 7 George Robertson tailor feed 13 13 15 17 19

8–12 18 Mary Harris vacant “orson 5 Henry Burrows shoemaker 23: Arthur Willis 21 23 25 31 pl” 31.5 33 35 3716 William Armstrong 3 John Laird pictureframer

drug vacant 8 10 12 20 39 41 43 45 47 22 24 32 53 57 59 61 63 FIRE HALL

12: Andrew Mason 36 38 40 65 AND 1 James Palmer POLICE 17: Mrs Barisdale 42 46 60 watchmaker widow 68 STATION

Robert Wilson 818 Henry Allen saddler 824 Louis Richey carpenter 816 W Stuart grocer 828 James Halbrook carpr 828 James Halbrook 826 W Jones accountant 820 vacant 814 H Grief blacksmith 810 John Dunn, gardener 798 Mrs A Briggs milliner

804 William Earl fruit 780 Alfred Clayton machinist 780 Alfred 778 F Hunnisett butcher 758 T Hook of E Leadlay&Co 764 John Batstone lab 772 William Stagg tanner 774 Michael Caron tanner 774 Michael Caron 776 Joseph Collard ﬁreman 776 Joseph Collard 796 RH Graham 784 Mrs E Rorke tailoress 848: Edward W Barton 848: Edward mfr broom 786 Charles Logie gro 862 C Emmet barber 858 Robert Brown 858 Robert Brown barber 852 Henry Griff 874 Robert Brown 938 W Smith 942 Miller and Cook gro and 942 Miller and Cook gro butcher 934 EW Pritchard furtniture 934 EW Pritchard 936 George Steckles polishing 936 George powder 932 vacant 940 SJ Brewes 930 Arthur Worth 928 William Knox 866 Mrs EF Hansford hotel 926 William Ward estate agent 926 William Ward 924 FJ Patterson 922 JB Campbell 764 John Batstone lab 136

1884 33 DN Black

vacant lot

houses building vacant lot George Featherston vacant lots 122 vacant house

Robert Young

175 George D Perry

GROVE AVE vacant lots 120 vacant store 12 Henry Grieff 10 William Brown vacant lots 8 Johnson Matchett 6 Frederick Matthews 4 George Davie houses building vacant lot

9 Wm

Featherstonehaugh

Miss Cecil Givins 173 Roxanna Read bursar CP

7 Robert Coldstock

176 Widow of Thomas K vacant lot unﬁnished house vacant lot 13 David Barnett vacant lot

Morgan 171 Mrs SB Harrison Francis Guest

widow Cooper Alfred 110 John A Donaldson vacant

169 Ralph Brunker emigration agent

Daniel Driscoll, laborer Mrs HF Ambery Robert Awde, Robert Awde, license inspector RH Browne lands dept crown vacant 143 Rev Frederick Thomas Crouch carpenter William Dempster baker John Curtis carpenter ST ANN’S SCHOOL Mrs SB Harrison widow 172 Charles Lindsay, city Groves 8

108 William C Wilcox

registrar

7 9

94 JV Tuthill Edward W Barton Edward

Charles Rose bricklayer

11 13 15 15.5 17 19 21 23 115 John Bulman, builder 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 41 43 39 Fred B Hawkes 39 Fred brass ﬁnisher 91 Edward Lemon 47 49 51 53 55 5759 61 63 cattle dealer

Michael B Beasley mfr broom 65 67 69 71 73 77 79 81 113 Elizabeth Bulman vacant vacant William Wells builder William Wells Mrs Ann Kelly widow —— Flight, pedlar John Bell, teamster Frank Thorp contractor J Donovan jr bricklayer John Cracknell plasterer John Wilmott machinist

Vincent J Wallis plumber J Wallis Vincent 85 Edward O Grove 19 Alex Allen compositor George Blackhall George Henry T Amos, clerk John A Scarlett farmer J Donovan sr bricklayer 106 John Dunn 107 Jesse Dunn cattle dlr cattle dealer Miss M Dunn James dressmaker, Dunn laborer Alfred Thorn, Alfred switchman GTR

James Kempt carpenter 81–3 William Bell 99 AR Denison

92 Charles Tully shoemkr coal&wood 79 Miss Margaret Moran 97 Thomas Crawford cattle 77 John Jones gro dealer

81 John Dempster, 110 Alfred Packman letter

baker carrier

91 JA McArthur

94 Maria Keeler widow

75.5 Mrs E Logan gro

75 George Randall 90 Ed Shingler sausage maker

89 James Crawford cattle 88 Edwin Curtis dealer

86 George Keen painter 73 James Rolph 84 DJ Bradley ﬂour&feed 81 89 91 71 vacant

93 97 101 82 James Hughes 69 Rev Wm McCullagh 103 105 furniture 107 109 80 John Outhet butcher 67.5 RS Tyrrell MD 92 James Whillans

west to Northcote 90 Moses J Daniels 66 Timothy O’Brien 68 AS Wills 100–102Jeremiah Curtain, 100–102Jeremiah laborer 82 Anthony heinzman 72 George McPherson 72 George 64 Frederick Tutty 64 Frederick 84 G MacGregor

126 Edward Clare 126 Edward 67 CA McBride druggist 124 Edward Grifﬁths 124 Edward 86 TJ Gerry 120 Richard Pendrich 120 Richard 62 Henry Smith painter 118 Owen Shea 114 John McCool 112 David Brown 110 Edward Checkley 110 Edward 108 William Moss 106 Silas Pittain 80 Margaret Flanigan 80 Margaret 104 Frederick Rodway 104 Frederick 86.5 JT Richardson 88 JT Martin 42 CA McBride 70 Robert Moore 40 Robert Wray 38 Rosanna Clery 4 Joseph Power 2 George Hedges 2 George 36 AF Haslam 16 Peter Trowern Engineer

78 James Beilby grocer

80 F Rooney gro

63 F Rodgers drover

61 vacant lot 78 Edwin Rossiter 74 George Austin blacksmith 76 Joseph Clark baker 59 Samuel Watt butcher 76 Frederick Denman, laborer

72 Robert Bruce

57 JW Lambert

74 Robert Verrall laborer 74 vacant 53 Patrick McConvey Frank Wootten drover51 vacant 70 Charles Patchet 53 John Pearson

49 Arthur Thomas Fruits 1. James Smith painter GIVINS SCHOOL

47 FB Hawkes plumber 62 Charles Moore, butcher 66 Peter Selvren

31 Joseph Grimason reformed episcopal reformed church 45 James Hatch, tinsmith 27 Mrs Fanny Rooney 60 Timothy McCarthy, laborer 69 vacant

72 James Anthony

43.5 Henry Pritchard 58 TH Allen drygoods 67 vacant

Patrick Kennedy, cooper Patrick Kennedy, 56 Robert Ralston William Brown 43 WH Davis shoemaker 54 William Levack cattle dlr 62 John Lowery carter 70 Charles Martin vacant lot 67 AM Barrett

15 John Matson builder 41 JA Jones 2d hand vacant 35 vacant 23. GRM Thwaites auctioneer 19 John Wilmot laborer 37: Patrick Lynch, 37: Patrick Lynch, lather Edgar Thwaites laborer 31: James Maddocks, harness maker 45: Patrick Caroll, laborer 57: Thomas Hetherington 61: Thomas Earl, trunkmaker and grocer 53: Jesse Clifford, boiler maker 47 Michael Kennedy ` laborer 555–61 houses building 39.5goods AA Green fancy 65 vacant goods

17: Patrick Bird, 17: Patrick Bird, switchman 39 JH Pattinson dry 46 George Coxon, carpenter 65 JS Bond waggon 66: John Mathews, 37goods Henry Mansell butcher maker grocery 44 Henry Hiorns 63 Frederick Smith 58 Patrick Glynn 35 William Reeves baker 33 William Stewart 42 Robert Thompson ﬁreman 61 John Winﬁeld shoemaker 59 William Robinson 31 James Hayes gro cattle yards brushmaker 56 John Campbell 57 John Curran Ambrose Tucker 64 Robert Smith, brush mfr 31 Matthew Rose 55 David Chisholm bricklayer 53 William T Jamieson 54 Mrs N Ingram 51 Mrs H Nichols construction 62 F White lab 29 William J McClelland 53 55 57 drover 49 Joseph Hughes 52 Frederick Nottingham 59 61 63 construction 34 James Blair 47 William McGowan laborer 50 Gorum Powers James Thair painter

45 Henry David Mrs Fisher widow 69 71 73 60 James Cain poultry dlr 32 Henry Bracken drover 43 Thomas Butler laborer 48 George W Frank 58 John Donnelly 25 Benjamin Newson George Weekes, 39 James Cherry commercial 46 William Atkinson carpenter 30 Patrick Wilson laborer traveler Alfred Hobbs hatter

14 16 18 26 32 34 36 38 42 44 46 52 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 23: William McClelland butcher 26 John Britton 8 10 12 21: James Carruthers carpr 63 Theodore Zinkernagel, William Wesbroom draper 24 Michael Cruise carriage builder 22 James Lee lab 37 John Street 1 lane 9 19: John G Keeler vacant lots 11 13 15 9 56 Frank Wootten 20 R Salmon helper GTR 20 JF Gohn 23 Alfred Clayson 17 19 21 publisher 18 William Jones 19 Alex McClellan, carpenter 23 25 27 35 George Burge 16 James Enderley 29 31 33 14 T Grummerson 17 George Brown 35 37 39 8 14 16 18 18 Heughen Robert 20 22 24 15 HH Johnson

41 43 45 47 49 51 26 28 30 28 John Carris 5 Robert Allen

32 34 36 13: Robert Large

38 40 42 26 William Knox 3 John Sutton

7 9 21 23

44 46 48 24 Henry Leach ﬁreman 11: Elizabeth Barton,

25 27 29 33: Charles McDermot milk dlr

50 52 54 31 33 35 widow

56 58 60 37 39 41 7–17 “orson20 John Cotts ﬂour and 9 vacant

62 terrace” 7 9 11 7 George Robertson tailor feed

13 13 15 17 19

8–12 18 George Harris vacant “orson 5 Henry Burrows shoemaker 23: George Ready 21 23 25 31

pl” 31.5 33 35 3716 William Armstrong

3 Patrick McLaughlin tailor vacant 8 10 12 20 39 41 43 45 47MD 22 24 32 FIRE HALL 51 53 57 59 61 AND 12: Andrew Mason 34 36 38 63 65 1 James Palmer POLICE 17: Mrs Barisdale

40 42 44 watchmaker widow 46 52 54 4–6STATION Baldwin lumber

Robert Wilson 56 58 60 Baldwin lumber yards 818 Henry Allen harnessmaker 824 Louis Richey carpenter 816 Miss J Struthers dressmaker 828 Mrs A Stewart gro 826 Rodger Robert accountant 820 C MacAuley tinsmith

68 814 vacant lot 810–2 J Cameron blacksmith 810–2 J Cameron carriage builder J Street 790 C Dickinson fancy goods

804 WJ Robinson gro 758 T Hook of E Leadlay&Co 848: Edward W Barton 848: Edward mfr broom 862 C Emmet barber 788 RH Graham 858 vacant 850–6 sheds 874 Robert Brown 780 J Booth carpet weaver 778 F Hunnisett butcher 776 George King 776 George 942 Miller and Cook gro and 942 Miller and Cook gro butcher 934 EW Pritchard 2d hand goods 934 EW Pritchard 936–8 George 2d hand goods 936–8 George 932 vacant 940 SJ Brewes 930 Arthur Worth 928 Nathaniel Hughes 866 Mrs EF Hansford hotel 786 Charles Logie gro 926 William Ward estate agent 926 William Ward vacant lots 906 VF Phenix dressmaker 904 vacant 902 EJ Henderson gro 900 vacant 898 vacant 896 vacant 894 William Johnson painter 924 William Bywater 922 vacant 764 John Batstone lab