1399 90 23

DOI: 10.30490/RVT.2020.328430.1149

: 4 3 2 1

1398 :5/9/ 1398 :6/6/ 22 .

1 ( [email protected] ) . 2 ( [email protected] ) . . 3 (A-@sbu.ac.ir) . 4 ([email protected] )

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. . . . . : ( Kreitner and Kinicki, 2007 ) ...( ) (. Verheul et al., 2001 ) (. Farahani, H. and Haji-Hosseini, 2014 )

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(. Dadvar Khni et al., 2012 ) . . . ( ) (. Stathopoulou et al., 2004 ) . . . (. Saxena, 2012 ) 2 1 .

1. empowerment 2. capacity-building

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. ( ) . . (. Austin et al .,2006;Figueroa -Armijos et al., 2012 ) : . (. Divsalar and Naghavi, 2012 ) 582 386 1395 28 94 .

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25 4/ 50 3/ . 24 3/ . 22 26 5/ 23 (. Farahani, H. and Haji-Hosseini, 2014) . ( 2007 1) « 2 » 4 3 7 6 5

1. Colquitt and Zapata-Phelan 2. contribution 3. reporters 4. qualifiers 5. testers 6. builders 7. expanders

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( Lavidge and Steiner, 1961) . . ( Mohammadi Elias, 2009 ) . . ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮي ﻣﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻧﻈﺮي . .

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. . (. Movahedi and Yaqoubi Farani, 2012 ) ( Khatoonabadi and Andadeh, 2008 ) . (. Khatoonabadi and Andadeh, 2008 ) ( Das, 2014 ) .

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. (. Webster et al., 2004 ) ( 1986 ) . (. Serayeldin, 1991 ) . (. Eklund, 1999 ) (. Bozorgpour, 2014 ) ( Hosseininia and Falllahi, 2017 ) . ( Karimzadeh and Majnouni Toutakhaneh, 2018 ) : »

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« . ( Figueroa-Armijos et al., 2012 ) . 1 . 2 . (. Preble, 1983 ) . (. Powell, 2003 ) 22 .

1. Delphi method 2. Grounded Theory

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/ : / . 1396 . . .»« 1 . (. Schmidt, 1997 ) 1967( ). ( Danaei-Fard et al., 2019 ) .

( Kendall’s coefficient of concordance) 1 .

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22 . : 24 . 1 . « «» » . « » « » « » 168 . 21 . 107 : 189 81 ( )

1. Eisenhower box

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) ( ) ( ) . ( 189 : 22 . 1 110 2 82 . 33 /0 774 KMO . 95 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) .

. 1 2. exploratory factor analysis

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: ) ( . 73 33 : . ( )

: 1 :1 . /0 518 /0 744 2 . /0 518

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. . /0 841 KMO ( ) /0 000 . . 62 7/ 57 31 ( 1967 ) . . (. Danaei-Fard et al., 2019 ) . ( Lavidge and Steiner, 1961 ) 1 .( 1 )

1. Theory of a hierarchy of effects/Cognition, Affection, Behavior (CAB)

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(. Lavidge and Steiner, 1961 )

( Lavidge and Steiner, 1961 ) : 2 . (. ) 131 () . (Spreitzer, 1992) . . . . ( Spreitzer, 1992 ) (Kanawattanachai and Yoo, 2002) ( Bateman et al., 2002 ) (. Fiet, 2007 () Shepherd, 2015 )

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1 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 1 1 2 2 4 1 3 2 6 5 8 7 3 9 2 10 / 4 3 11 13 12 5 15 14 6 3 7 17 16 18 8 19 9 4 20 10 21 11 23 22 12 5

: 1. . 2. (locus-of-control) 3. .

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( ) ( ) ( ) 25 24 13 26 28 27 14 31 30 29 15 32 16 6 17 35 34 33 37 36 18 39 38 42 41 40 19 43 7 20 45 44 / 47 46 21 48 22 8 49 23 24 50 51 25 9 52 26 27 53 28 54 55 29 10

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( ) ( ) ( ) 30 56 57 31 : . 1 3 . ( 1975 ) 1 /0 651 /0( 620 ) (. Ayre and Scally, 2014 ) . /0( 732 ) /0( 919 ) /0( 731 ) /0( 830 ) /0( 827 ) /0( 839 ) /0( 706 ) /0( 806 ) /0( 903 ) /0( 807 ) /0( 846 ) . 7/0

1. Lawshe’s Content Validity Ratio (CVR)

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: ) ( ) .( . . ( Bateman et al., 2002 ) ) ) ( ) ( ( . : ( Kanawattanachai, 2002 ) ( Spreitzer, 1992 ) ( Shane and Venkataraman, 2000 ) ( Moghimi and Ramazan, 2013 )

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( Kreitner and Kinicki, 2007 ) (. Hosseininia and Falllahi ,2017;Musa khani et al., 2013 ) . » « .

٨٢ .....

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16. Khatoonabadi, A. and Andadeh, Gh. (2008). Assessing the success of rural entrepreneurs in Isfahan province using AHP and factor analysis methods. Paper Presented at the National Conference on Entrepreneurship Development in Scientific-Applied Education, Mashhad, Iran. (Persian) 17. Kreitner, R. and Kinicki, A. (2007). Organizational Behavior Management, Concepts, Theories, Applications. Translated by A.A. Farhangi and H. Safarzadeh. Tehran: Pooyesh Publications. (Persian) 18. Lavidge, R.J. and Steiner, G.A. (1961). A model for predictive measurements of advertising effectiveness. The Journal of Marketing , 1(1): 59-62. 19. Moghimi, S.M. and Ramazan, M. (2013). Organizational behavior management (individual and group levels). Tehran: Industrial Management Organization. (Persian) 20. Mohammadi Elias, A. (2009). Theoretical contribution to entrepreneurship studies: concepts and typology. Iranian Management Science Quarterly , 3(10): 145-168. (Persian) 21. Movahedi, R. and Yaqoubi Farani, A. (2012). An introduction to rural entrepreneurship. Hamadan: Bu-Ali Sina University. 22. Musakhani, M., Sarfarazi, M. and Khorram Dabiri, M.R. (2013). Organizational entrepreneurship development paradigm: an essential need in the organizations of Third Millennium. Future Iranian Scientific Quarterly , 1(1): 26-57. (Persian) 23. Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi technique: myths and realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing , 41(4): 376-382. 24. Preble, J.F. (1983). Public sector use of the Delphi technique. Technological Forecasting and Social Change , 23(1): 75-88. 25. Saxena, S. (2012). Problems faced by rural entrepreneurs and remedies to solve it. Journal of Business and Management , 3(3): 23-29. 26. Schmidt, R.C. (1997). Managing Delphi surveys using nonparametric statistical techniques. Decision Sciences , 28(3): 763-774. 27. Serayeldin, I. (1991). Culture, empowerment and the development paradigm. Journal of SID , 1: 87-99. 28. Shane, S. and Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review , 25(1): 217-226. 29. Shepherd, D.A. (2015). Party on! A call for entrepreneurship research that is more interactive, activity-based, cognitively hot, compassionate, and prosocial. Journal of Business Venturing , 30(4): 489-507.

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30. Stathopoulou, S., Psaltopoulos, D. and Skuras, D. (2004). Rural entrepreneurship in Europe: a research framework and agenda. Internatinal Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research , 10(6): 404-425. 31. Spreitzer, G.M. (1992). When organizations dare: the dynamics of individual empowerment in the workplace. University of Michigan. 32. Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D. and Thurik, R. (2001). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: policies, institutions and culture. Tinbergen Institute, Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers , Vol. 27. DOI: 10.1007/0- 306-47556-1_2. 33. Webster, N.A., Friis-Hansen, E., Madsen, S.T., Folke, S., Nielsen, H., Larsen, M.N. and Chipeta, S. (2004). Farmer empowerment: experiences, lessons learned and ways forward. Policy Discussion Paper , 1.

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