Wind Farms: a Noisy Neighbour? Update: Doha Climate Talks 18 Still No Agreement on Emissions Wind News 21

THE EUROPEAN WIND INDUSTRY MAGAZINE

February 2013 Volume 32/No 1

INTERVIEWS: Wind energy’s PAT RABBITTE Irish Energy Minister new dawn CHRISTIAN KJAER Outgoing EWEA CEO Europe’s emerging markets COMING SOON: GENERATION DELTA WITH UP TO 31% HIGHER YIELD.

27 years of experience, 2,000 multi-MW turbines installed. The next stage of evolution: Generation Delta – as of 2013. www.nordex-online.com/delta

B_121121_AZ_NOR_Delta_WkJournal_210x297.indd 1 20.12.12 12:46 | contents |

THE E UROP EAN WI ND I NDUS TRY MAGA ZINE

February 2013 Volume 32/No 1

letter from the editor 5 Waltzing to a new music

brussels brieﬁng 7 interview 8 Christian Kjaer, outgoing EWEA CEO interview 14 Pat Rabbitte, Irish Energy Minister feature: noise workshop 16 Wind farms: a noisy neighbour? update: Doha climate talks 18 Still no agreement on emissions wind news 21

feature: Hawaii 22 The 50th state: waves, wild owers and wind farms wind worker 26 Brian Nygaard Lund, Global Wind Segment Manager, Fibox Teresa Arlabán, Research and Patents Manager, Acciona focus 30 Europe’s emerging markets take ight opinion - Adam Barber 39 Looking east keeping up with EWEA’s blog 42 opinion - Junior Isles 45 Looking for a safe bet Country focus 46 A closer look at… Austria EWEA news 54 new members 56 the last word 58 Richard Fogg, co-chairman, Managing Director, CCgroup

Wind Directions is published ve times a year. The contents do not necessarily reect the views and policy of EWEA.

Publisher: Christian Kjaer Editor: Sarah Azau Writers: Sarah Azau, Zoë Casey, Chris Rose, Junior Isles, Adam Barber, Philippa Jones Design & production: www.inextremis.be Cover photo: EWEA/Pereda Additional design and photographic input: Clara Ros, Jesús Quesada

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 3

| letter from the editor |

By Sarah Azau Editor

Waltzing to a new music Photo: EWEA

re you reading this in Vienna? Then you’ll around the key day of 15 June. Find out more on Abe one of the many attending EWEA’s 2013 p. 55. Annual Event. This year’s conference takes its Public acceptance and knowledge of wind geographical location as a starting point for its energy is also the theme of this issue’s Last main focus: Europe’s emerging central and east- Word column (p. 58), by consultant Richard Fogg, ern European wind energy markets. What poten- who asks what lessons the industry can learn tial business do they offer? What is the best way from other sectors on better communicating its of getting involved? If you haven’t made it to the messages. 2013 Event, why not follow what’s happening on With the Irish currently holding the Presidency www.ewea.org with regular new photos, blog sto- of the EU, Wind Directions took the opportunity to ries, press releases and quotes being uploaded in get the Irish Energy Minister’s thoughts and views real time from our team onsite. on EU renewable energy policy, the Presidency’s EWEA’s new report, being released at the plans for their six months at the helm of the Event, takes a methodical look at each of the new European Council, and the future of the wind EU and European countries and what they mean industry. See p. 14. for those in the wind energy world. In this issue of There’s lots to delight fans of technology in Wind Directions we focus on four key new markets this issue, too. Zoë found out all about the some- – Poland, Romania, Hungary and Turkey – and Zoë times sensitive noise issue surrounding wind Casey and I speak to fi nanciers, national wind energy at EWEA’s recent workshop in Oxford (p. energy experts and consultants about the chal- 16), and Philippa Jones looks in detail at condi- lenges and opportunities concerning everything tion monitoring on p. 48. from grid access to public support. Turn to p. 30 Our regular columnists Junior Isles and Adam for more. Barber are here, as are features like the Best of Even further away, our Canadian correspondent EWEA’s Blog, Brussels Briefi ng, Wind News and Chris Rose brings us a special report from a wind listings of upcoming events and new members. farm on a group of islands better known for their Finally and on a more personal note, sadly beaches, Hawaii, and describes how the state is this is the last issue of Wind Directions that fi nally opening up to green energy (p. 22). He also will go out with Christian Kjaer as EWEA’s Chief summarises the outcome of the – yet again – Executive Offi cer. He will be replaced as of 1 largely disappointing international climate change April by Thomas Becker, who we look forward to negotiations in Doha. welcoming in the next magazine. Chris Rose took Staying on an international note, this year’s the opportunity to speak at length with Christian Global Wind Day is taking shape. A photo con- about his thoughts on the industry before he test has been launched alongside new social stands down after many years in the driving seat media-based campaign actions – and of course, of Europe’s wind energy association – read the the usual array of activities will be taking place extended interview on p. 8 onwards. ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 5 LEOSPHERE NRG | brussels briefi ng |

Plans for an offshore grid in the north of Europe should ETS backloading proposal pushed to move forward in 2013 spring 2013

he European Commission’s proposal System (ETS)”, as it wasn’t enough to Tto withhold 900 million emissions re-establish an effective carbon market allowances from the market to boost the in Europe. carbon price will not go ahead before “What was to be a quick-fi x to a dying

Photo: Stiftung Offshore WindEnergie April 2013. The European Parliament market is now becoming an almost year- has requested a full decision-making long process, and in the meantime the process, and will hold its fi nal vote only price of carbon remains far too low to The North Seas then. have any impact on power sector invest- EWEA had commented that the back- ments and ultimately EU emissions”, countries call loading proposal was “a good step but is commented Rémi Gruet, EWEA’s Senior for offshore grid not suffi cient to fi x the Emissions Trading Regulatory Affairs Advisor. design scenarios Irish EU Presidency working on oth meshed and radial grid designs Bwould be possible for the North Seas Internal Energy market and post-2020 area, analysis has found. Energy Ministers from the ten European countries concerned1 climate and energy framework “recognise the opportunities for offshore wind” a grid would provide, and have called he current Irish Presidency of the EU should require Member States to put in for regional cooperation by stakeholders to T(January to June 2013) is set to work place a system of maritime spatial plan- come up with different potential grid confi gu- on the “proposed amendments to the ning, including facilitating cross-border rations and how to get there. Renewables Directive” on biofuels and cooperation. This will provide offshore The analysis found that the two grid the internal energy market, according to renewable development with further plan- design options studied are similar in terms its work plan. It will also discuss “the ning certainty and facilitate the develop- of investment costs and market benefi ts, post-2020 agenda” and various priori- ment of the European offshore grid. with “no insurmountable incompatibilities”. ties relating to “promoting sustainable Furthermore, the Commission will pub- Network operators and energy regulators growth and jobs” and “building Europe’s lish a Communication on innovation and will now work together to look at different competitive advantage”. technologies, which will be received by a pathways to a future regional offshore grid In spring 2013, the European high level Conference in Dublin in May. design. Commission will issue a Communication EWEA is calling on this Communication The North Seas Countries Offshore Grid on ‘marine renewable energy’. EWEA is to be based on the Strategic Energy Initiative will continue to work from 2013 calling on the Commission to update the Technology Plan and to have wind at on as the regional group for the North Sea 2008 Offshore Wind Communication and its core, in line with the Energy 2050 region to select the so-called ‘Projects develop a European industrial strategy roadmap which identifi ed wind as the key of common Interest’ as envisaged in the for offshore wind. technology in all scenarios in 2050. European Infrastructure Package. These Also in the spring, a proposal for a For more on the Presidency, read the interview with the projects could then qualify for fi nancing Maritime Spatial Planning Directive is Irish Energy Minister on p. 14. under the Connecting Europe Facility. likely to be published. For EWEA, this “In order to boost the North Sea offshore grid development European and national policy makers must renew their EWEA joins EU campaign for healthy political commitment to the NSCOGI during the Irish Presidency in 2013. Leadership is workplaces clearly needed amongst Member States. Also, to make this commitment real work WEA has become an offi cial Partner The campaign focuses on: has to start to develop a clear roadmap Eof a campaign called ‘Healthy • risk prevention with a timetable and milestones up to Workplaces 2012-13 ‘Working together • managing risks 2020 to achieve the fi rst part of this for risk prevention’’. The campaign, which • encouraging top managers to ac- strategic undertaking” said Paul Wilczek, is led by the European Agency for Health tively engage in risk reduction EWEA’s Senior Regulatory Affairs Advisor. and Safety at Work (EU-OSHA), encour- • encouraging workers, their repre- ages managers, workers and other stake- sentatives and other stakeholders to 1 Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, work with managers to reduce risks Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and holders to join forces to improve safety the United Kingdom. and health. More information: www.healthy-workplaces.eu ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 7 | Interview | Charming, committed and “a political detail freak” – Kjaer leaves EWEA

PhoPh ttoto:o:: EEWWEAEEA/A/BBicBii klekleey

EWEA’s departing CEO leaves the association with full faith in the future of the European wind power sector. A reader of history, Christian Kjaer also has a few tips for EU politicians struggling with the moribund economy, job creation and the pressing need to promote a green energy revolution that includes emissions-free wind power. He shared them with Chris Rose.

s he prepares to walk out of the European Wind growth during that time is anything to go by, Europe’s AEnergy Association (EWEA) offi ce in Brussels politicians should consider carefully what he sug- one fi nal time, Christian Kjaer, the CEO of the gests as he leaves the non-profi t organisation. lobbying organisation, wants to share his industry After all, both Kjaer and the industry have been wish list with policy makers. stunningly successful during his time as the “big In order to take full advantage of Europe’s lead- boss” of EWEA. ing form of renewable electricity, Kjaer said in a More proof of that success came in late recent interview, politicians must understand what September when EWEA announced that the wind energy offers both the economy and the envi- European Union had just passed the milestone of ronment and quickly agree to expand the region’s 100 gigawatts (GW) of installed wind power capacity, somewhat beleaguered grid systems. enough to meet the total consumption of 57 million They must also, he added, immediately set households, equivalent to the power production of 2030 binding targets for wind power and other 39 nuclear power plants. renewables so that the industry and its investors “Despite only utilising a tiny fraction of Europe’s can begin planning for a Europe that embraces a vast domestic wind energy resources, wind power low-carbon future which is capable of driving a new, is having a substantial impact on Europe’s energy thriving green economy. security and environment, and benefi ts us hugely in Oh yes, he says almost in an afterthought, the creating green jobs and technology exports,” Kjaer elected offi cials should also withdraw the obscene was then quoted as saying. amount of subsidies lavished annually upon the coal, oil, gas and nuclear sectors while wind A Danish boy fascinated by wind power, power and other renewables are left, by relative tennis and history comparison, with a mere pittance of government Kjaer, whose father was an engineer and mother incentives. a physiotherapist, was born in 1970 and raised It’s a new world out there, Kjaer says with a with an older brother in two small towns north of smile, and the solutions to complex global energy Copenhagen, Blovstrod and Rungsted. and environmental challenges already exist. If Kjaer can recall two instances during his child- governments make the proper decisions, he adds, hood and teenage years that involved wind power industry and people will gladly follow. and left a lasting impression on him. Seven years as EWEA’s CEO and four prior years as In 1977, his mother took Kjaer and his brother its policy director have helped Kjaer reach these con- to see the world’s largest wind turbine, Tvindkraft, clusions. And, if the industry’s success and EWEA’s which was built by a cooperative in Western Jutland.

8 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | Interview |

The other memory is of when he about 13 and the association represented members queueing for a ferry. “In front of us was a truck with from Denmark which even then was wind turbine blades for export,” he recalls. “I was considered a world leader in the fi eld. just fascinated by the size of those things.” By early 2003 Kjaer was hired at He enjoyed playing tennis until he was in his mid- EWEA as policy director, a job then teens and says he did fairly well as a high school that attempted to make national and student. “I liked history, still do, I think we can learn European politicians and their bu- a lot,” he said, adding each generation unfortunately reaucrats more aware of wind energy. fails to see that history repeats itself. He said at the time the sector was Initially interested in both law and business, still largely considered marginal and Kjaer did his 12-month Danish military service having no impact, so much education after high school in the Royal Life Guards, which of policy makers was needed, unlike serves as a frontline infantry regiment and a cer- today. “That’s the big difference now.” emonial guard of the Royal Family. By early 2006, he was offered the job as EWEA’s Kjaer practising warfare He then went to London for seven months, took CEO. At the same time, he said, the association’s during his military service a course in the London School of Foreign Trade, board also “very smartly” promoted Bruce Douglas, which he described as not very challenging but from Marketing Director to Chief Operating Offi cer, a helped him choose to study international business. decision that effectively made the top management Kjaer has two degrees — a Master’s in at EWEA a dual-structure enterprise. International Economics and Finance and an under- During Kjaer’s time as CEO, staff increased from graduate degree in economics 14 to 61, membership rose from and business — and a diploma “It’s a much more 230 to 720, and EU (plus Bulgaria in business management and and Romania) installed wind power administration. Along the way, global industry and capacity jumped from 40,5 GW to he picked up impeccable English much more mature 94 GW at the end of 2011. He re- which became an essential calls the staggering rate of change communication tool in his future — it’s starting being, at times, a bit mind-boggling. endeavours. to look like car “I was the one taking the credit He says he decided to study and the blame for all those things,” business management, fi nance manufacturing.” he said. “It goes back to that very and economics in university simple strategy that Bruce and I because he wanted to get involved in an enterprise had. Increasing income was Bruce’s doing and hiring that Denmark was successful in at the global level. the people, the policy people, was my contribution.” That included, he says, wind energy, Lego, hearing Kjaer said the strategy consisted of EWEA gener- aids, shipping and beer. ating its own income, largely through conferences, in Wind energy eventually won out but fi rst there order to hire additional staff so that he didn’t have was a short, useful stint in journalism, a craft that to repeatedly “go back to the board with my hat in still fascinates him today. Between 1996 and 1998 my hand.” he worked as a reporter on the Danish newspaper “The very simple strategy we had was that we Berlingske Tidende, starting out as a part-time are a non- profi t organisation but we want infl uence researcher for the political science section before and Bruce was very aware of that.” writing for various departments, but mainly the business section. Faith in the wind sector soared as the indus- “I loved journalism, you meet all these great try delivered people,” he said, adding he eventually realised he Kjaer said EWEA has become increasingly ef- wanted to use his education in a more specialised fective in getting out the positive message of national and international way. European wind power to politicians and media outlets. First, a job with the Danish Wind Industry “When I came down [to Brussels] you could fi nd Association the odd journalist that thought wind energy was Kjaer said he was drawn to the wind power sector mildly interesting . . . as a technology but on the after seeing an advertisement for a job posting political radar there was almost nothing. There were with the Danish Wind Industry Association as an a few people in the institutions, less than a handful economist/policy advisor, which he was hired for of parliamentarians, who thought this was a great in 1998. technology.” He says the job was an eye opener and a great But that earlier ignorance and underestimation place to learn about the potential of wind power. It of wind power’s potential has totally changed in combined politics, economics and press relations, the past few years, he said, adding the European all dear to his heart. He added it also helped that Commission announced in 2011 that wind

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 9 | Interview |

energy will be the largest supplier of electricity in people to push those arguments. And that’s funda- Europe by 2050. mental to us achieving our main goal.” That change in thinking occurred, he said, be- He said he has been very fortunate in having a cause the wind power sector consistently proved it great deal of freedom in advancing EWEA’s goals, could deliver on targets and goals. which include keeping its many members happy. “The industry delivered,” he said. “If you had “I had a tacit understanding with my board that asked most people in the industry [in earlier years] we do our work and they tell me when we screwed are we going to pass 100 GW [of installed European up rather than having me asking them for permis- wind energy] in September, 2012, they would have sion to do something,” he said. “We can’t work said yes, that would be nice, but nobody would really like that in a political environment when we have to have believed it.” make decisions.” “The technological development, the R&D development, has been phenomenal in bringing A leader at EWEA and across the growing costs down and at the same time we have been wind power sector very fortunate to create policies that provide a good In September, Windpower Monthly, in its annual framework for companies to operate at a national survey of the top 30 wind energy industry leaders, and European level.” placed Kjaer in the eighth position. “There’s a complete change now among the me- Windpower Monthly quoted Kjaer saying the wind dia and policy makers as to wind energy’s role.” energy sector has grown immensely over the past decade. Facts, lobbying and winning the war of “It’s a much more global industry and much more arguments mature — it’s starting to look like car manufactur- Charming, sympathetic, boyishly good looking and ing,” the magazine quoted Kjaer saying. “You used a smooth yet forceful speaker, Kjaer has all the to have the odd conglomerate, for example GE, with attributes required for a telegenic life in front-line an interest in the sector, and today almost all major politics, a fi eld he says holds zero interest for players in energy are involved in wind.” him. Instead, he says he prefers back-room policy The magazine also noted he encouraged the sec- strategising which may be his biggest hint of what tor to not descend into protectionist practices and his life after EWEA might include. keep trade open. He certainly, by his own admission, still enjoys “If you don’t have free trade you can’t get the immersing himself in the policy work necessary cost down, and I would argue our main competitor to move EWEA’s goals forward in the co-joined in Europe is not Chinese or South Korean turbine realms of politics and the media. Part of that work manufacturers, but other forms of power genera- requires making sure the information published by tion,” he was quoted as saying. the association is properly researched and totally Arthouros Zervos, President of EWEA, said Kjaer accurate. transformed the association from a small organisa- “I have been told by people that I’m a complete tion into probably the most respected renewable en- control freak and they are probably right. And I’m ergy association in the world, and one of the most a detail freak as well, certainly when it comes respected associations of any kind in Brussels. to the political work. If we get it wrong it can be “He has insisted on the highest standards which devastating.” are refl ected in everything that EWEA stands for — Although he is laudatory of EWEA’s entire staff, credible research, informative publications, strong Kjaer says the association’s primary mandate is communications, effective advocacy and top quality to infl uence national and EU policy regarding wind events,” Zervos said. “He is a hard act to follow, but power through fact-based lobbying efforts. leaves his successor a fl ourishing Association with “It is a war of arguments and usually the argu- an excellent secretariat.” ments that are well-documented win. The war is Bruce Douglas, who was Chief Operating Offi cer lobbying.” at EWEA until leaving in 2011 to become Business Kjaer said EWEA’s unit of lobbyists and analysts Development Director at 3E, said Kjaer’s greatest in Brussels, with additional input from national wind achievement was being instrumental in helping to associations scattered across Europe, are at the secure the 2020 renewable energy targets, which, in front line of the war of arguments. turn, helped transform the European wind industry. He said the analysts make sure that the organi- “From the start of our time together at EWEA, “If you don’t sation’s acquired research is high quality and can myself and Christian had an unspoken agreement be forwarded to policy makers as an accurate tool of what needed to be done to achieve our main have free trade to help them make informed decisions. objective of increasing positive legislation for wind you can’t get “Then we have the lobby team that goes and energy,” Douglas said. sells it to policy makers. It’s the bread and butter “He focused on policy priorities and external en- the cost down.” that we have high-quality analysts and some good gagement whilst I increased revenue and coordinated

10 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | Interview | internal resources. By doing so, we grew EWEA over “On a level 10 years from a small, introverted and academic- playing ﬁ eld focused organisation into a large and professional lobby organisation, which now represents most of the we can beat key players in a multi-billion Euro industry.”

Photo: Oliver Schäfer the others Klaus Rave, chairman of the Global Wind Energy Council, described Kjaer as a highly political per- anytime.” son with a strong consensus-seeking streak. “Christian and his expertise made him a truly ‘Bruxelles’ person being listened to by Commission people as well as Parliamentarians,” Rave said. Christian and Oliver Schäfer of the European Renewable “And as charming as he is, people actually like to Energy Council celebrating the agreement on renewables be with him.” targets in Poznan, 2008 Hans van Steen, Head of Unit for the European Commission’s Directorate General for Energy, able to hold on to, and mostly exceed, year-on-year Renewables and CCS Policy, said Kjaer has repre- growth. And he is acutely aware that, as many econo- sented the interests of the wind energy sector in a mists have predicted, much of Europe appears to be very professional and competent manner through- entering a second, so-called “double dip” recession out the years. because of the fi nancial and debt crisis followed by “He understands the EU electricity markets highly-controversial national austerity programmes. better than most and is able to convincingly explain So Kjaer, who will be offi cially replaced as CEO by the role and benefi ts of renewables in general and former Danish civil servant Thomas Becker on 1 April, wind energy in particular,” Van Steen said. doesn’t mince words when asked how this second recession will affect the wind power sector in the EU. No regrets and a belief the wind energy “Badly. There is no doubt that recessions and sector will prevail economic problems hurt the wind energy sector like The 43-year-old Kjaer, who has described being any other economic activity in the world.” EWEA’s CEO as “the best job in the world,” says Having said that, he stresses that he remains opti- he feels privileged to have worked in the European mistic for the future of wind power. wind energy sector. “Yes I am. The fundamentals of wind energy are He said he experienced perhaps his happiest still there. We are continuing to reduce costs ... The day as CEO while attending the UN climate change main driver in the longer term that makes me quite conference in Poznan, Poland on 8 December confi dent is you don’t have fuel costs with wind 2008 and he learned that 27 heads of state had energy.” agreed, through the Renewable Energy Directive, Despite the troubled global economic turndown to adopt binding legislation that implied more than and the Eurozone debt crisis, he said the wind power one-third of EU electricity must come from renewa- sector can protect and enhance its position in the bles by 2020. market by not becoming complacent, produce more He said EWEA, the European Renewable Energy engineers and make sure to continue developing its Council and others had been working on promoting lead in offshore wind. such a proposal for almost fi ve years but “I wasn’t He also said that while he has absolutely no re- really sure it was going to fl y.” grets about his time at EWEA, he does wish the wind Later that same day, EWEA issued a press repower sector had placed more attention on somehow lease that Kjaer said contained his favourite quote. helping the more than one billion people who “Today tomorrow changed. The European still have no access to electricity. Christian and his son, Konstantinos, Parliament and the Council have agreed the world’s Refl ecting once more on his wish list, Kjaer in 2012 most important energy law,” the press release said he would also remind policy makers that quoted Kjaer as saying. “Europe has turned away promoting wind power creates high quality jobs, from transferring ever larger amounts of European brings in massive investments, develops R&D citizens’ wealth to a handful of fuel-exporting na- programs that help export European products, tions, opting instead to put the money to work at and reduces toxic greenhouse gas emissions home and exploit our abundant domestic renew- caused by burning fossil fuels. able energy resources.” “I would make sure that we have a fully in- Kjaer acknowledges that the past 4.5 years — fol- terconnected EU electricity network, I would ban lowing Lehman Brothers fi ling for bankruptcy in carbon from the power sector, and the technolo- September 2008 — have been diffi cult and divisive gies that deliver carbon-free could then compete for much of the world’s economy, including the EU. He with each other, and remove all subsidies for also realises that despite the considerable ongoing fossil fuels and nuclear. On a level playing fi eld uncertainty, European wind power has so far been like that we can beat the others anytime.” ■ Photo: Eva Siderou

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As Ireland took over the EU Presidency, Chris Rose asked Energy Minister Pat Rabbitte about wind power, subsidies and a single electricity market. Photo: Irish Energy Ministry

What is the state of wind power and other How do Irish citizens feel about wind power? the areas where Europe has been growing renewables in Ireland today? To date the development of wind power in the last few years and this is one of the At the end of 2011, 6.5% of all energy in Ireland has been generally positive. We few sectors that has stood up fairly well to consumed in Ireland was from renewable have seen signifi cant development in recent the challenging economic times we have sources – compared with our 2020 target years and development has been positively gone through. of 16%. Good progress has been made in received. In general Irish people support recent years, particularly in the electricity the development of renewable energy and In 2020 the EU’s 20% binding renewable sector. At end 2011, we were at 17.6% elec- energy from indigenous sources, recognis- energy target runs out. Do you agree with tricity from renewable sources compared ing the need to move away from imported EWEA’s demand for an EU 2030 renewable with our 2020 goal of 40%. The main con- fossil fuels. energy target? tribution to this has been from new wind. To build out new power though, sig- This is a debate that is happening in the In the transport sector, we have also nifi cant grid upgrades and new grid build Council at the moment. We think that it been making good progress thanks to are required. This improvement in energy is important that the 2030 question is the biofuel obligation scheme. We are up infrastructure can benefi t local communities decided on, but we would not be convinced from 0.1% in 2006 to an estimated 3.6% in other ways through the ability to attract that decisions are required before end of in 2011. industry and investment, but sometimes the current Parliament and Commission We have set out in the National people do not view it like this. What we are (2014). The key question to be answered Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP) and experiencing is actually a transformation of is around whether there will continue to the NREAP First Progress Report how we the electricity sector in Ireland and it is very be separate renewables targets or not as intend to achieve our target – 40% electric- important that we have the support of local we move to a low carbon future. Some ity from renewables, 10% transport from communities as we undertake this change. Member States are pushing strongly for renewables and 12% heating from renewa- It was in this regard that the Government low carbon targets that they could reach bles. Wind energy is expected to make up recently published a policy statement on the as they wished, using a combination of re- over 35% of the electricity target. Electricity strategic importance of Ireland’s transmis- newables, nuclear and carbon capture and from new wind projects will be a key to sion and other Energy Infrastructure. storage (CCS). It would certainly appear overall target delivery. to be negative for the 2020 renewables “It is important Do you think climate change and target if the focus were to shift solely to a Is renewable energy a major related environmental issues low carbon 2030 target instead. emphasis of Ireland’s six we have the should take second place to eco- We also recognise the importance of month EU Presidency? support of local nomic issues during the ongoing long term targets for infrastructure develop- Following on from the fi nancial crisis? ment. If transmission system developers Commission’s Energy 2050 communities.” It often happens in a crisis that do not see any certainty post 2020, then roadmap, the Renewable the urgent takes precedent there is a real danger that they will delay Energy Communication identifi es four main over long-term strategic planning, however making investment decisions. Already we areas where Member States can take the relationships between energy policy, can see across Europe how long it takes to measures to achieve 2020 renewable en- economic policy and climate change policy plan and build out new transmission lines. ergy goals in a cost effi cient manner. are now so well developed that there is no While the Commission has not yet devel- question of any one policy ‘taking second Should the EU ramp up its commitment to oped any legislative proposals to go beyond place’. To some extent, they are mutually wind power and other renewables? the 2020 targets, it has commenced a reinforcing goals. Security of energy supply is central to en- discursive process with the Member States The development of the green economy ergy policy. Over reliance on imports within and we will certainly facilitate this ongoing is seen as being fundamental for future the EU is not advisable. Renewable energy, process fully during our Presidency. economic growth. It is instructive to look at including wind, certainly has an important

14 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | interview |

role to play in improving energy security in Minister Rabbitte the EU, given that it makes a lot of use of (right) at the opening indigenous resources. In recent years we of Ballymartin Wind have seen the volatility of imported fossil Farm in Ireland’s County fuel prices. A fi rm foundation of renewables Kilkenny would lower the volatility risk going forward.

In your view, are subsidies for coal, oil, gas and nuclear justifi ed? Should wind power and other renewables receive subsidies? In terms of whether wind and other renewables should receive subsidies, I think the EU Photo: Irish Energy Ministry is looking towards the future when renewa- In terms of Europe, what is traded costs and maximise benefi ts. The fund- bles will no longer require feed-in tariffs. across interconnectors at present is just ing of such coordinated development They have pointed out for example that wholesale electricity and not the renew- will of course always be a signifi cant onshore wind is rapidly becoming a mature able value of electricity. The fi rst steps challenge. technology that will not require subsidies to renewable trade are contained in the for ever. Renewable Energy Directive – the use of Some commentators have called Ireland the It is evident that stability for developers joint support schemes, the creation of “Saudi Arabia of wind.” Could Ireland come is very important in terms of investment joint projects and the use of statistical to depend on its wind sector as a major decisions. For the moment, it seems that transfer. I think this is an important fi rst economic export contributor? renewables still need support schemes, step, although we are still in the early As noted above, we are in discussions with particularly in the current fi nancial climate days of trying to make this work. the UK at bilateral ministerial level and un- where developers are trying to fi nance Ireland was one of the countries that der the auspices of the British Irish Council projects. To have a guaranteed minimum supported this kind of renewable trading as to whether we can reach an agreement price over 15 years, even if the market deliv- arrangement. If Member States are to on renewable trade under the co-operation ers a higher price in reality, is currently very have individual renewables targets that mechanisms of the Directive. We set out in important in fi nancing decisions. they are seeking to achieve through our renewable energy strategy 2012-2020 One of the issues with subsidies for the deployment of support schemes published earlier in the year that renewable coal, oil, gas and nuclear is that they are far funded by consumers in their country, it energy export is a potential opportunity for less transparent, hence the debate on com- is essential that Member States retain Ireland and renewable trade is something paring the cost of renewables with these control over their ability to reach those we are willing to engage in, provided the other sources does not tend to be fully in- targets and that they are not traded costs and benefi ts stack up and we can formed. It would be useful if the European away by private developers. We are gain from it. One of the key issues that will Commission could publish data on the discussing the potential for renewable determine how much renewable electric- various subsidies that these other sectors trade using the cooperation mecha- ity will be exported will of course be the receive across the EU, so that we could try nisms under the Directive with the UK at issue of grid to allow the power to fl ow, how and bring some clarity to the debate. the moment. it develops and how that development is managed. Do you see the completion of a single mar- Will offshore wind become a key driver ket in electricity as a political priority? of future economic activity in Europe’s How important is the new East-West Of course, I favour the completion of coastal waters? What policy initiatives Interconnector 500 MW undersea power the single electricity market, however I need to be put in place? cable between Ireland and Britain and what recognise the complexities involved. One I think offshore wind clearly offers poten- will it mean to the Irish wind power sector? of the key issues that comes up time and tial. I note that the UK has become the I think the East-West Interconnector is very again is that without physical connections leader in offshore wind deployment. One important for Irish energy policy. This is the between markets, there can’t really be a of the key issues however is the cost of fi rst electricity interconnector from Ireland proper single market. Earlier this year, we offshore wind. The costs associated with to mainland Britain. It underlines our deci- formally opened the fi rst electricity inter- this technology need to fall and become sion to move away from being an electricity connector between Ireland and mainland competitive so that the potential it offers island to joining and integrating with Britain Britain. This is a 500MW interconnec- can be fully taken advantage of. New and the rest of Europe. This will facilitate tion and allows us an ability to engage in offshore grid infrastructure will be key our participation in a wider electricity market physical electricity trade. Without more to the development of this technology. and pave the way for new opportunities. of such interconnections between Ireland This is something that the North Seas The hope from the wind point of view is and other countries, a real single market Offshore Grid Initiative, the Isles project that the interconnector will mean reduced can’t be a reality. I think a key fi rst step and indeed the offshore study our own curtailment and constraint of wind energy is the strengthening of regional markets TSO EirGrid carried out are looking at. and provide for the easier management by and this is something we are engaged in One of the key issues is trying to build the transmission system operator of inter- under the 3rd liberalisation package. the grid in a coordinated way to minimise mittent power on the electricity system. ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 15 | feature: noise workshop |

Wind farms: a noisy neighbour? By Zoë Casey

Photo: Luis Marinho

ind turbine noise is an issue fraught with tips designs - both of which make the blade much Wemotion. Noise often comes up as a com- more slender and less noisy as it cuts the air. plaint from local wind turbine opposition groups Some designers have also started to explore and it is clearly something that wind turbine “add-on” concepts, such as attaching extra features manufacturers, designers and developers alike to a blade to further streamline its movement, must face up to, even if a vast body of exists to although this approach is very sensitive to local show that there are no effects on human health conditions and can be a success or failure, he said. from wind turbine noise. “Blades undergo acoustic wind tunnel testing In amongst the complaints that noise might to fi nd the right designs: many noise sources can ruin a good night’s sleep, what are the real is- be supressed by good design,” Oerlemans stated. sues, how big are they in reality, and what can be Noise from the nacelle is easier to reduce, and done about them? can be achieved by adding greater nacelle insulation, he added. Back to basics Noise emanating from wind turbines comes Noise, what noise? from two principal sources, Stefan Oerlemans, While wind turbine noise from the outset might an engineer at Siemens, speaking at an EWEA seem like something scientifi c that can be meas- technology workshop on noise held in Oxford in ured categorically it is a highly complex process December, said. “There is the mechanical noise once ‘in the fi eld’. “Measuring noise is very from the turbine’s nacelle caused by the gearbox frustrating, especially in residential areas where and generator, and there is the aerodynamic noise background noise is very similar,” Andy Mckenzie, from the wind turbine’s blade,” he explained. from Hayes Mckenzie Partnership, said. “The dominant of these two sources is the blade, Wind turbine noise can be intermingled with mainly during the blade’s downwards stroke dur- the noise of rainfall, geographical water features, ing a rotation,” he said. the sound of gravel crunching under car tyres, the As blade lengths have increased over the wind blowing through the trees, farmyard noises years – a wind turbine rotor is now bigger than and – one of the biggest annoyances to measure- the wingspan of a Boeing 747 and turbines have ment – the noise of passing traffi c. “All these and grown from 200 kw power ratings up to 7.5 MW other sources affect the results,” Mckenzie said. “The main – then the potential for greater noise levels goes What is more, it is impossible to measure eve- turbine noise up too. However, since the earlier days of modern rywhere. Places like people’s back gardens – and wind power, turbine blades designs have improved if we’re talking about noise affecting public opin- comes from drastically. ion this is surely a key place to measure – are the downward Designs of earlier modern turbines were in- usually off limits. And there is the effect of the spired by 1930s aircraft designs, Oerlemans said. wind direction over the noise survey period – are sweep of the But today blades are custom made with much thin- the measurement instruments downwind from the blades.” ner trailing edge designs and aerodynamic blade wind farm? – he added.

16 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | feature: noise workshop |

“Simply put, background noise is very similar to is built.” CanWEA has developed a set of best “Sound from turbine noise,” Mckenzie stated. practice guidelines aimed at helping wind farm wind turbines So, if we know that turbines do produce some developers involve the local community and listen noise, particularly as the blades swoop down, to their health-related concerns, he added. does not pose but we don’t really know accurately how much Levy’s ideas include engaging local prominent noise they create in a given setting, what is the people, such as a town mayor, to show them how any direct argument against wind turbines when it comes to wind turbine noise blends in with background health impacts.” noise? noise. Local media are also “critical” Levy said, advising developers to go and meet editors of Do wind turbines impact human health? local papers, local radio show hosts and local TV “Sound from wind turbines does not pose a risk presenters. of hearing loss or other direct adverse health im- “Change is often controversial and wind farm pacts,” Mark Bastasch, from the Canadian Wind projects will often meet with local opposition. Energy Association (CanWEA), told delegates at Education is the most powerful tool, but develop- the December EWEA noise workshop. ers must also show respect by answering ques- He pointed to 17 different peer-reviewed stud- tions and listening to fears,” he said. “Wind farm ies which back-up his statement, available on the developers want to be good neighbours,” Jeremy CanWEA website. In addition to those studies Bass, Senior Technical Manager at RES, added. there are many more: in 2010 the Australian And so, in short, it seems that yes wind government National Health Medical Research turbines make noise – some of which has been Council concluded that, “there are no direct eliminated with modern turbine designs – and, pathological effects from wind farms and that no, this noise does not impact human health. But any potential impact on humans can be mini- that noise does exist, even if it is at a very similar mised by following existing planning guidelines.” level to general background noise even in rural In January 2012 a study for the Massachusetts areas, and therefore all those involved in a wind Department of Public Health said: “there is farm project cannot ignore it. insuffi cient evidence that noise from wind tur- Respecting national regulations on distances bines is directly…causing health problems or from dwellings is one thing – noise regulation disease.” For more studies, search for “health” varies hugely from country to country the scope on www.ewea.org/blog. of which goes beyond this article – but the most As Robert Hornung, President of CanWEA, put effective solution – community engagement – is it: “wind has been attacked by opponents on the something that should be built into every wind grounds that it is harmful to human health. This farm project sited near a community from the is despite the fact that the balance of scientifi c planning and construction phases to the opera- evidence clearly shows that wind turbines do not tional phase. adversely affect human health, and in fact, wind EWEA holds a series of technology workshops energy is broadly recognised to be one of the throughout the year; for more information visit safest forms of electricity generation available www.ewea.org/events/workshops ■ today.” However, it goes without saying that wind turbine-related noise is not an issue that can be swept under the carpet by wind farm developers: objectively noise should not be an issue, but sub- jectively it is – and it is often a cause of concern for communities surrounding a wind farm even before the farm is up and running. Photo: EWEA/KT Bruce

Involving the community Numerous opinion polls show that the public in general is in favour of renewable energy technologies like wind, but at a local level that support can wane without community engagement. “Communication with the community is key,” Tom Levy, Manager of Technical and Utility Affairs at CanWEA, explained. “You can have the strict- Participants at EWEA’s noise est regulation in the world but you won’t prevent workshop network at a reception in problems if you don’t approach the community, Oxford’s town hall engaging people before and after the project

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 17 | update: Doha climate talks |

Still no agreement on emissions

By Chris Rose

nce again international nego- Canada, are no longer included in the extension, Otiators attending the annual which now represents only about 15% of global United Nations climate change carbon emissions. conference, held in Doha, Qatar Friends of the Earth International (FOEI) strongly from 26 November to 8 December condemned the governments of industrialised coun- 2012, attempted to reach a deal tries for blocking action on the climate crisis at the that would provide a pathway to Doha summit. reducing greenhouse gases which Asad Rehman, an FOEI spokesman said: “The are threatening the world as we Doha deal is as empty as a desert mirage. Despite know it. the offi cial spin, these talks delivered nothing: no Once again, there was some real progress on cutting greenhouse gases and only Photo: Dave Walsh progress towards making both in- an insulting gesture at climate fi nance.” dustrialised and developing nations Despite the pessimism surrounding the talks, agree to tackle fossil fuel emissions and keep EWEA agreed with Figueres’ statement that solu- global temperature rise to no more than 2 degrees tions are already available to reduce greenhouse Celsius but they left the heavy work of creating the gas emissions. EWEA has also called repeatedly for crucial binding legislation for future years. a new binding and strengthened international agree- In the end, 195 nations endorsed a proposal ment on emissions reductions. to extend the Kyoto Protocol, which includes only Numerous studies over the past several years some developed nations, from 2013 to 2020. have pointed out that wind power and other renewa- Countries represented at the Durban UN con- bles have the potential to help lead the world to a ference in 2011 did agree to a fi rm timetable to low- or no-carbon future later this century as well as adopt a new universal climate agreement by 2015, driving a vibrant new green economy. which would see both developed and developing In mid-November, a report that Greenpeace nations cut greenhouse gas emissions from 2020 International and the Global Wind Energy Council re- onwards. leased showed wind power could supply up to 12% According to a UN Framework Convention on of global electricity by 2020, create 1.4 million new

Climate Change (UNFCCC) press release issued jobs and reduce CO2 emissions by more than 1.5 after the Doha conference, nations also endorsed billion tons per year, more than fi ve times today’s the completion of new institutions and agreed ways level. and means to deliver scaled-up climate fi nance By 2030, the report added, wind power could and technology to developing countries. provide more than 20% of global electricity supply. Christiana Figueres, the Executive Secretary of Rémi Gruet, EWEA’s Senior Regulatory Affairs UNFCCC, said it was important to swiftly implement Advisor, said the Doha discussions, from the what had been agreed to in Doha so that the world perspective of reducing greenhouse gases, were can stay below the internationally agreed maximum essentially a non-event. two degrees Celsius temperature rise. Gruet did say that the EU made an interesting “Now, there is much work to do. Doha is an- last-minute concession by agreeing to ‘revisit its other step in the right direction, but we still have a [level of ambition] by at latest 2014.’ long road ahead,” Figueres said. “The UN Climate “This could mean an increase of EU GHG Change negotiations must now focus on the reduction-targets for 2020, possibly ‘in line with concrete ways and means to accelerate action and a reduction of at least 25 to 40% below 1990 by ambition. The world has the money and technol- 2020’ as recommended by science and added into ogy to stay below two degrees. After Doha, it is a the agreement,” he said. “This could mean addi- matter of scale, speed, determination and sticking tional international pressure on the EU to increase to the timetable.” its ambition or fi nd a solution to the low price of Critics of the proposal quickly pointed out that carbon, or both. But it could also mean nothing at the US and China, the two biggest emitters of green- all, depending on your understanding of ‘revisiting’.” house gases, are not part of the Kyoto Protocol This year’s UN climate change conference will and that other nations, such as Japan, Russia and take place in Warsaw, Poland. ■

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ITALY MEXICO UK Plenty of wind on Italy’s heel Oaxaca state gets 70 MW farm Proposal for Monmouthshire’s fi rst EDP Renewables has commissioned its ENEL Green Power has launched its wind farm fi rst wind farm in Italy. The new wind farm second Mexican wind farm, with a UK renewable energy company RES is located in the town of Villa Castelli, total installed capacity of 70 MW. The has submitted a planning application to which is in the province of Brindisi in the farm, located in the state of Oaxaca, Monmouthshire County Council to build Apulia region, renowned for its excellent will generate around 250 million KWh two turbines on land 500 metres to the quality olive oil. per year, avoiding emissions of around south west of the M4 motorway and

The wind farm comprises 10 Vestas 150 thousand tonnes of CO2. The wind Severn Bridge Toll facility. V90 wind turbines with a capacity of 2 farm required an investment of around The Great House Farm project will see MW each. The total installed capacity of US$160 million. the area’s natural wind resources used the farm will therefore be 20 MW. The The wind farm is made up of 35 to produce enough clean, green electric- connection infrastructure has been de- Gamesa turbines of 2 MW. ity each year to meet the annual demand veloped and implemented by EDPR, con- More information: www.enelgreenpower.com of at least 800 homes - which is equiva- necting the farm to the grid through the lent of all the homes in the neighbouring Brindisi-Taranto line. EDP Renewables ROMANIA villages of Redwick and Rogiet. The pro- expects the wind farm to generate an 600 MW wind farm in operation ject could potentially meet the average output of 40 Gwh/year. Using 240 of GE’s 2.5 MW wind tur- electricity needs of up to 1,600 homes, More information: www.edprenovaveis.com bines, CEZ Group’s 600 MW Fantanele/ depending on fi nal turbine selection. Cogealac wind park, Europe’s largest More information: www.res-group.com onshore wind project, now is in full operation and is producing enough clean energy to power more than one million Romanian households each year. The fi nal wind turbine for Fantanele/ Cogealac was connected to the regional grid in late November. The new wind park is located in Dobrogea, Constanta

Photo: iStockphoto County, Romania, which is one of the most promising wind power regions in Photo: Iberdrola ERG buys up wind capacity the country. Italian group ERG has agreed to buy 636 More information: www.ge.com Clyde wind farm extension MW of wind energy capacity from GDF proposal takes step forward Suez, which means it will become the South Lanarkshire Council and Scottish number one owner of wind capacity in Borders Council have raised no objection Italy. The move also gives it 86 MW of to the proposed Clyde wind farm exten- wind energy capacity in Germany. ERG is sion, situated between Biggar, Abington paying €859 million for the Italian and and Moffat. The farm is owned by SSE fi ve German wind farms. Renewables, the renewable energy More information: www.erg.it development division of SSE. SSE now awaits the fi nal decision from Scottish GERMANY Ministers, which is expected next year. 92 metre diameter wind turbine If approved by Scottish Ministers, the prototype installed proposed 54 turbine wind farm will have Enercon has installed a prototype of its a maximum generating capacity of 162 new E-92 wind turbine on a concrete MW and will be located to the north-east tower in northern Germany. The E-92 of SSE’s constructed, and recently fully Photo: CEZ has a rotor diameter of 92 metres and a operational, 350 MW Clyde wind farm. Of nominal power of 2.3 MW and is special- the 54 turbines, three are located within ly designed for sites with less wind. The SOUTH AFRICA Scottish Borders Council boundary and redesigned rotor blade profi le achieves 138 MW project to be built in the remaining 51 turbines are located maximum energy yields while ensuring Eastern Cape within South Lanarkshire Council area. optimal load distribution and reducing Mainstream Renewable Power is to start It is predicted that the extension to the rotor blade’s overall weight. constructing a 138 MW wind farm at Clyde wind farm will secure and create Work has now begun on the grid Jeffreys Bays in the Eastern Cape. The up to 500 full time jobs across Scotland connection and commissioning. Work is project should be operational by mid during the construction phase and, once scheduled to be completed by the end of 2014. It is also to build two solar plants operational, will support a further 38 full the year. in the country. time jobs. More information: www.enercon.de More information: www.mainstreamrp.com More information: www.sse.com ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 21 | feature: Hawaii | The 50th state: waves, wild fl owers and wind farms By Chris Rose

Photo: First Wind Energy

awaii: the name evokes images of beautiful the two projects and environmental affairs, the Hbeaches, sexy surfers and stunning sun- company said. There are also four to fi ve full-time sets, but the island’s new wind farm that me- GE technicians and two to three other employees anders down a high mountain ridgeline towards who assist in operating the battery energy storage the Pacifi c Ocean is in some ways even more system. breathtaking. The CEO of the wind farm operator said his The Kaheawa Wind II project located above company decided to establish wind farms in Ma’alaea Harbor on leased state land in western Hawaii because of the state’s ambitious goals for Maui is a symbol of how the most fossil-fuel- 2030. dependent state in the US is beginning to turn “There is a real demand for renewable en- its back on costly and toxic imported oil for its ergy there, so we are working to help meet that energy needs. demand,” he explained. “There is also strong “Wind energy The second phase of the Kaheawa Wind Farm support for wind energy on the islands, and we’re began operations in July with 14 GE turbines. blessed to have the support of the communities is clean, it’s Together with the adjacent fi rst phase, where we have projects.” renewable and Kaheawa Wind I, which began operating in 2006 He believes the wind power sector creates jobs with 20 GE turbines, the 51 MW wind farm pow- as well as generating local revenues, and it also it’s plentiful ers the equivalent of 18,700 homes and produc- helped that Hawaiians mostly support wind farms. on Hawaii and es about 14% of Maui’s electricity. “Hawaiians are very supportive,” he said. The two-phased wind farms cost approxi- “More than 90% of Hawaii’s energy comes from people there mately €137 million to build. About 10 full-time fossil fuels, so they are directly impacted by fl uc- recognise that.” employees handle the day-to-day operations of tuating fossil fuel prices. Wind energy is clean,

22 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | feature: Hawaii |

it’s renewable and it’s plentiful on Hawaii and renewables. An archipelago that consists of eight “Our people there recognise that.” main islands, Hawaii has to currently import He also said it is important for Hawaiians to almost all of its energy needs. dependence on reduce their dependence on imported fossil fuels. The state, which has a population of about imported fossil “Hawaiians import almost all of their energy”, 1.4 million, is geographically isolated with he said. “Moving to renewable energies makes Honolulu, its largest city, being 3,845 kilometres fuel impacts them energy independent and gives them energy from San Francisco and 6,215 kilometres from our security security.” Tokyo. As part of Kaheawa Wind I, the owners imple- The state, however, is blessed by, among and economy.” mented the fi rst-ever Habitat Conservation Plan other things, near constant wind and plenty of (HCP) for a utility-scale wind project. sunshine. “In addition to the project’s Environmental According to the Hawaiian Electric Company Impact Statement, the HCP was developed to (HECO) and its subsidiaries, the state mandated ensure a long-term net conservation benefi t is in 2009 a renewable portfolio standard that re- provided for three state and federally listed threat- quires 40% of the electricity sold by local electric ened and endangered bird species and the endan- companies to come from renewable sources by gered Hawaiian hoary bat, which could be affected 2030. The state also established an energy ef- by the project,” said a press release. fi ciency standard of 30% by 2030. By the end of The company, which also has wind farms in last year, 12% of Hawaiian electric companies’ four other states, says it expanded its conserva- sales were from renewable sources. tion initiatives on Maui and developed a second “As a state, we have strong motivation to HCP for Kaheawa Wind II to provide additional achieve these goals. Our dependence on import- conservation benefi ts for the same four species. ed fossil fuel impacts our security and economy. Under the HCP, the company added, Kaheawa Most experts predict oil prices will rise as the Wind will contribute a minimum of €760,000 to world economy picks up and it becomes more and the mitigation efforts, including research activi- more diffi cult and costly to fi nd oil and bring it to ties, to build a bank of knowledge on the spe- market,” according to the HECO website, adding cies identifi ed. And, under certain circumstances Hawaii spends billion of dollars annually (roughly Kaheawa Wind may also contribute as much as 10% of the total economic activity in the state) on €2,852,000 over the life of the project to insure a energy, much of it sent out of state to buy oil. net benefi t to the species. HECO added that the island state, located in a A traditional fossil-fuelled facility in Hawaii tropical hurricane path, is vulnerable to rising sea producing an equivalent amount of electric energy levels, more intense storms and even droughts of the two phases of the Kaheawa Wind I and II that are part of global climate change. projects would consume over 333,000 barrels of “It is now clear the energy system that pow- oil, or over 70,000 tonnes of coal, per year. The ered Hawaii well for decades when oil was plenti- power produced by both phases of the Kaheawa ful and cheap cannot be sustained.” Wind project is the equivalent of decreasing According to the Hawaii State Energy Offi ce, carbon dioxide emissions by over 126,000 metric wind power is, after bioenergy, the state’s second tonnes annually. most utilised renewable energy, accounting for The company has two other wind farms in 29% of Hawaii’s total renewable generation. Hawaii. The 69 MW Kawailoa wind farm on Oahu’s The offi ce added 2012 should become a North Shore, which is the largest in Hawaii and record year for wind installation in Hawaii, bringing uses Siemens turbines, began operating in the state’s total to just under 200 MW of installed November. The company’s fourth wind farm in wind capacity. Hawaii, Kahuku Wind, which began operation in In terms of potential wind power capacity, the 2011, is also located on the North Shore of Oahu offi ce says a target of 900 MW for Hawaii is a and includes 12 turbines for a generating capacity realistic goal. One proposal being studied, the of 30 MW. Interisland Wind project, suggests connecting Hawaii currently has about 151 megawatts of 400 MW of wind power from the islands of Molokai total wind energy capacity, with another 21 mega- and Lanai by way of an undersea cable to Oahu. watts scheduled to come online sometime in the “Wind has typically been one of the most af- next few months with the completion of Sempra’s fordable forms of renewable energy,” the offi ce Auahi Wind project in southeastern Maui. says. “While Hawaii’s unique environmental, A quick look at a map of the Pacifi c Ocean cultural and geographic challenges make it more makes perfect sense of Hawaii’s ambitious plans expensive than projects on the mainland, it is still to embrace and promote wind power and other the most affordable of Hawaii renewables.” ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 23 “... a Specialist Wind Energy Developer

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CE Energy Holding AG Renewable Energy Development & Investment The CE Energy Fund Equity & Mezzanine Capital

Franz Klein Gasse 5, 1190 Vienna, Austria

Europe & Asia: +43 676 693 4454 Americas: +1 585 503 3553 E-Mail: [email protected]

Visit us at EWEA – Stand B-E40

%RVQLD%XOJDULD&URDWLD&]HFK5HSXEOLF)LQODQG*UHHFH+XQJDU\,WDO\.D]DNKVWDQ0DOD\VLD1RU DNKVWDQ0DOD\VLD1RUZD\3RODQG5RPDQLD6HUELD6ORYDNLD6ZHGHQ7XUNH\8NUDLQH8QLWHG6WDWHV W3URMHFW$FTXLVLWLRQ,QYHVWPHQW&RQVWUXFWLRQ'HOLYHU\ 2SHUDWLRQ%DOWLF6WDWHV%HODUXV%RVQLD%XOJDULD | wind worker | Wind worker From underwater survey work to managing the operation of a wind farm, we meet some of the over 200,000 people who make the European wind industry tick.

Brian Nygaard Lund, Global Wind Segment Manager, Fibox

What does your job involve? globe – for example in China, Germany, the I started one and a half years ago at Fibox, and I US, India - but I have a lot of communication have two main tasks – fi rstly, taking care of one with those sales offi ces. In the segment Wind of our big wind customers and secondly, support- inside Fibox I have an engineering team of high ing all our sales teams worldwide as they go to skilled technicians which designs and calculate exhibitions and events, trying to get new custom- our offers, and around the globe we have our ers in the wind industry – both turbine manufac- factories to support the wind activities. Wind turers and sub-suppliers. is a global business so we need as much input as possible to make the right decisions on How did you come to work in a job related to the which exhibitions to go to. Last week [end of wind energy industry? November] there was Wind Power India, prior to Photo: Fibox I’ve been in the wind industry for nearly 17 years that it was the China event, EWEA’s Annual Event now. Before joining Fibox nearly two years ago, is coming up, and at the end of February we will I was a partner in my own company in Denmark engage with a new market – Japan. We’re being which was then sold. quite aggressive trying to put the name Fibox on I got into the wind business originally because the agenda. The way to do that is to be outside I could see a huge future potential so I tried to the offi ce, talking to people! This time spent with focus on where our future customers could be. people outside the offi ce is paid back. This means I have a huge network globally. What is your favourite part of your job? Does that mean you do lots of travelling? Quite a lot of things – I like attending exhibitions, Yes, I travel quite heavily, this year some 140 I like talking to people there, I like to arrange days. It means I spend a huge amount of nights exhibitions too - we are doing that with the at hotels but that is ok, it’s part of the job. Fibox Danish Export Association. I like fi guring out how is a global company so I travel to India, China, to approach the market and certain customers, Korea, the US, and in Europe too. to support our people globally, feed them with info, tell them about my approach in the past to What is a typical day like for you? certain customers and how I think we can do it A typical day when I’m at my home offi ce is that I in future. start by reading the news, to see what is going on in Overall I like my job very much, I like working wind globally – there are lots of magazines and web- on a global level – it’s extremely exciting, there site to follow, to see what happened in the last days. are always new markets opening up and new op- This gives me a hint of where to phone our guys and portunities appearing. say I have this information and try to fi gure out what is going on. Then I start to prepare some of the work The least favourite? I have to do for the one specifi c customer I deal with, Spending time in aeroplanes! Also sitting in my “I could see then in the afternoon I will try to fi gure out how and offi ce and making too many presentations is less when are we going to approach new customers. interesting, but it’s also a necessary part of the a huge future job, as I’m also feeding management in Fibox potential in Do you work in a team? Finland – our headquarters - about what’s going I have no sales people directly related to me, on so they can support me with the necessary wind” they are employed in sales offi ces around the money to promote Fibox.

26 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | wind worker |

Teresa Arlabán, Research and Patents Manager, Acciona Windpower

What does your job involve? What is a typical day like for you? Within the Research and Patents area our activities A typical day for me starts with a look at my Outlook, are related to four main topics: research projects; my emails, and dealing with the most urgent matters. technological survey; promotion of creativity and Once I have solved them, I can dedicate time to my management of the ideas of the R&D department regular tasks - which can be either patent applica- and also management of the patent portfolio. tions or some research, i.e. performing a study or Some of the research projects are funded by the some calculations. Quite frequently also I have to at- Spanish government, some others granted with EU tend or organise a meeting to revise how the different funding - these are really challenging projects deal- projects and tasks are evolving. ing mostly with bigger, more powerful wind turbines. The activities which are not really challenging, The topics in which I get involved within these I try to do them as fast as possible – for example projects are related to new drive train designs and administrative issues like revising bills or asking for to new controllers for grid integration and for load some purchase orders or fi lling some forms– I also minimisation during voltage dips. try to fi nish them at the beginning of the day. Then, We also perform technical surveys to see what as I said, I start with the activities I enjoy most. Photo: Acciona Windpower competitors are doing, fi nd out about the latest improvements in components and so on. We Do you work in a team? promote creativity within R&D department through We are right now just a group of four, but we’re look- problem-solving brainstorming sessions. And we ing for others to join the department. Each of us manage ideas within the R&D department, in order works on a different topic related to wind energy - one to adequately protect any of them that can provide is an expert in control, another in blades technology, a competitive advantage to Acciona Windpower, or mechanical issues. It isn’t a big team so far but being also novel and inventive, by means of a patent our work involves cooperation with other departments application. and we are a group of professionals who are pas- sionate about the job. I really enjoy leading this small How did you come to work in a job related to the wind team, it has been a great experience. energy industry? I became connected to wind power six years ago. In Do you have to travel for your work? 2006 I fi nished my degree in Industrial Engineering, Most of the time I have to travel to participate in I was looking for a company to do my MSc Thesis meetings related to different research projects. I do and found the possibility of carrying it out within one trip a month sometimes more often. It is another Acciona Windpower with a research scholarship. It part of my job that I enjoy very much, the opportunity was related to grid integration, more specifi cally to to work with experts from various organisations, reactive power generation for voltage control but with frequently various countries. the particularity that the control method developed I also participate in conferences, often with provided thermal optimisation of the behaviour of presentations of my department’s works, for example the electrical components and it was one of the fi rst at EWEA conferences and grid integration related patent applications of the company. In July 2007 I events. got a contract with Acciona and started to work as an engineer within the Research and Patents area and in What is your favourite and your least favourite part of July 2012 I was promoted to the manager’s position your job? of that area. That’s diffi cult to answer because so many things which involve a challenge are really motivating for me, Do you come across many other women engineers in as for example problem solving. I really like and enjoy the industry? when some colleagues within the R&D department We make up just 20-25% of the R&D department get together to perform creativity sessions to fi nd the in my company. Also, I’ve been going to some of best solutions to the technical issues referring to big- EWEA events and I think there are not so many ger wind turbines, system designs, control methods “The involvement women involved in engineering activities: during the and logistics. conferences we can see we do not make half of What I least like is all the bureaucracy and ad- of women within the audience. But we are an increasing in number ministrative tasks, they are so repetitive but they’re the sector is I think, the involvement of women within the sector also quite complex so you have to be careful with the is growing. details not to have to do them twice! ■ growing.”

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 27 Plan Lighting your trip the way EWEA OFFSHORE 2013 19 - 21 November 2013 Frankfurt, Germany

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Tuesday 19 - Thursday 21 November 2013 - Messe, Frankfurt, Germany

| focus |

Europe’s emerging markets take fl ight

Sarah Azau and Zoë Casey take a peek at four of Europe’s Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia) and non-EU European mar- newer wind energy countries, and the opportunities and kets: Croatia, Serbia, Russia and Ukraine. challenges they present for the industry, on the eve of the The fi gures in the report speak for themselves. The total amount of wind energy installed in the launch of EWEA’s emerging markets report. EU-12 increased over twenty times in just six years. In 2005, there were 208 MW installed in urope’s wind energy is going east. As the the region, representing 0.5% of the EU’s total Ecountries – mostly in western Europe - which installed wind energy capacity. In 2011, this had led the way in wind see a slow-down in instal- shot up to 4,200 MW - now nearly 5% of the EU’s lations, younger markets are blossoming in the total. “new” EU Member States and beyond. “Central and eastern European markets are To learn more about the details, EWEA commis- becoming much more important players for the sioned research from PwC – the fi nal report is be- wind energy industry”, commented EWEA’s Head ing launched on the second day of EWEA’s 2013 of Policy Analysis Jacopo Moccia. “We see that Annual Event. ‘Eastern Winds: Emerging the wind turbines installed during 2005 in the 15 European wind power markets’ looks in detail at newer Member States represented 2% of the total both the new EU countries or EU-12 (Bulgaria, new capacity in the EU. By 2011, this had gone Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, up to 12.5%.”

30 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | focus |

complaint concerning these markets is the amount of administrative red tape. “Generally, administrative hurdles are quite signi cant in the newer wind energy markets”, PwC say. “Often, the of cial deadlines are tight, but they are seldom respected – and there will be delays.” In terms of nancing, commercial banks are active in the region to a certain extent, as are international nancing institutions – the European Investment Bank (EIB), the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the International Finance Corporation (IFC). “Our lending to renewables projects has gone up signi cantly in the past ve years. In 2011, we signed around €4 billion in loans for renewables in the EU”, says Sophie Jablonski from the EIB. Wind farm projects can also be eligible for EU funding, yet according to PwC, developers frequently do not have the expertise to obtain and manage such funding. “There are no clear guidelines for nancing methods, so project developers across the region don’t know how to approach EU funds. And once they have them, the regional authorities often don’t have a clear understanding of how to use and divide up the funding”, Sponring says. Also, “the national managing authorities often face dif culties in allocating funds due to delays in the translation of guidance notes from the EU commission and complicated and strict national procedures, which can change frequently”, he adds. Which players are already active in these newer markets? While regional companies are getting involved, for the time being the “high value added components” section of the supply chain is dominated by the internationals, say PwC. An exception to this rule is Turkey, whose wind energy market is

Photo: GWEC nearly completely made up of locals. Despite the various issues still to be tackled, many of these markets have a huge wind energy While the growth – and potential – of these new potential to be tapped. markets are promising, and while each of them “This is the window of opportunity” say the PwC presents different particularities, there are some consultants. “Most investors are perceiving that common obstacles, point out Michael Sponring, now there is the right momentum. We could say Raluca Voinica and Iulian Circiumaru from report that while it’s not the last train to catch, this is the authors PwC. last of the best moments to get involved in wind “Compared to western nations, the region tends energy projects in the region.” to be characterised by more uncertainty as the The message is clear: to get on board with the legislation keeps changing”, they say. “For example accelerating emerging markets, act now. A word of in Romania, it is not clear how many of the green advice for companies from outside the region? Get certi cates which currently help support renewable a local partner, say PwC. energy there will be in 2014. In Hungary, there “Contact a player with an established presence will be new legislation in 2013 and it is unclear and with local expertise. Projects are being developed “EU-12 wind what this will entail. In Poland new legislation is locally and sold to investors - building some sort of capacity expected soon.” relation with someone with local experience is key.” One of the key recommendations in EWEA’s On the next few pages, we explore four emerg- increased 20 report addresses this issue – the importance of ing wind energy markets – Romania, Poland, times in six long-term, stable legal frameworks to give security Hungary and Turkey – and the particular features of to renewable energy investors. Another common each one, in more detail. years.”

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 31 | focus |

Romania – “Our target for 2020 is 4,000 MW but I think we will go beyond this”

Wind energy overview Installed capacity end 2011: 982 MW 2020 target: 4,000 MW

EWEA summary:

Power market Supply chain Wind energy targets Finance Support mechanism Permitting Resource Electricity infrastructure

Photo: iStockphoto ith Europe’s largest onshore wind energy Sturdy support; foreign investor Wfarm now generating electricity, Romania has confi dence hit the wind energy headlines with force. Just at One of the most important factors is undoubt- the end of 2012, the 600 megawatt Fantanele/ edly that Romania currently has one of the most Cogealac wind farm in the Dobrogea region came attractive support mechanisms for wind power in online producing enough power for more than one Europe’s emerging markets. The system, which million Romanian households each year. was agreed in 2008 and fully implemented in The wind farm could be considered as the pin- 2011 after being approved by the European nacle of Romania’s recent success in wind energy Commission, is a system with green certifi cates. – the birth of Romanian wind power occurred in Under its terms, two green certifi cates are issued 2010 but by 2011 the sector was already the sec- per MWh, and wind power producers ond largest of the EU’s newer Member States and receive from €56-€114.8 per MWh produced, it has one of the fastest growth rates in Europe, which will fall to one green certifi cate per MWh surpassing the 100% growth rate mark each year from 2018. “This system is very favourable, and from 2010-2012. the current promotion on green certifi cates is an “There are already a lot of countries behind incentive to invest soon”, David said. us who started wind power much earlier than As a result, Romanian wind power has attract- Romania, including Austria, Greece and Belgium”, ed substantial interest from outside its borders Ionel David, President of the Romanian Wind - one-third of all foreign investment in Romania Energy Association, said. can be found in the wind sector, the freshly online And the success story doesn’t stop here. For Fantanele/Cogealac wind farm was developed by 2013 work is expected to start on some 1,352 Czech group CEZ, and several other wind farms MW of wind energy projects which, once online, above 100 MW have been developed by Italy’s will raise the country’s overall capacity level to ENEL and Portugal’s EDP Renovaveis. In fact 3,473 MW – over a gigawatt more than the target foreign companies, many with local subsidiaries, level outlined in the Romanian national renew- account for over 80% of the country’s wind farms, able energy action plan (NREAP) for 2013 (set at in particular for larger projects exceeding 5 MW, 2,450 MW). By 2020, according to the Romanian which has had the added effect of boosting its NREAP, wind power should be producing 8.4 TWh attractiveness for further foreign investment. of electricity per year, accounting for 11.4% of the “The message that sound investments may country’s electricity demand. be made in Romania seems to be getting across But just how has Romanian wind power risen to investors,” Raluca Voinica from PwC said. so high? And, what is the picture looking ahead? “This is surprising considering the low business

32 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | focus |

environment ratings received by Romania over the Grid infrastructure is another grey area and one past couple of years, in the context of the signifi - coming under growing pressure especially as cant and enduring economic contraction and the the demand for connection permits continues instability of the political regime,” she added. to rise. According to Voinica, the Romanian Another factor has played a role in foreign inter- Transmission System Operator estimates that est in Romania – the involvement of the European the grid can handle around 2,500-3,000 MW Investment Bank (EIB) which includes a €200 mil- of wind capacity, and yet connection permits lion loan to CEZ for the Fantanele/Cogealac project. have already been signed for 8,831 MW of wind However, Alessandro Boschi from the EIB stressed energy capacity. “Wind power developers need the fact that in order to get access to EIB funding: to invest in the grid and build the necessary sub- “projects must demonstrate that they can fulfi l EU stations and connections,” David urged. environment and social standards,” warning, and While the expansion of Romanian wind “this is often quite challenging in Romania” power can be attributed to the strong support Those reservations aside, the Romanian mechanism, changes to the Romanian legislative fi nance outlook seems bright for the years to framework for wind power can be unpredictable, come with the current high levels of foreign invest- Voinica said. “Laws covering wind power and ment creating an environment of confi dence for its associated industrial sectors leave room for future foreign investors. “We expect that foreign interpretation over aspects such as the appli- investors will continue to capture the lion’s share cability of property tax, the treatment of assets of large projects,” Voinica said. for depreciation purposes and Meanwhile, local companies are ac- “Foreign investors the management of the sale, tive further down the supply chain concession or leasing of plots of and they will eventually dominate will capture land by public authorities,” she the market for smaller wind farms, the lion’s share of explained. she added. Another hurdle for developers One other factor in the mix is that large projects.” is one that is familiar across Romania has a good wind resource Europe: red tape. A Romanian with average speeds of around eight metres per wind farm needs around 85 permits and licenses second onshore and 10 m/s offshore and at an which are only obtained after fi lling in complex altitude of 100 m or more. The Dobrogea region is documents. The result is that permitting can considered to be the country’s most promising zone take at least two or three years. with high potential for more wind farms in particular thanks to the fact that villages are relatively large 2020 targets within easy reach distances apart leaving plenty of space for turbines, Romania is in touching distance of its 2020 David said. NREAP target of 4,000 MW. If the projects planned for both 2012 and 2013 are completed Underlying problems as scheduled, only 527 MW will still need to be Solid wind energy growth in Romania is happen- installed for the target to be met – or, in other ing already, but the Romanian wind energy sector terms, just 80 MW per year over a seven year does have underlying problems it needs to ad- period. “It is highly probable that Romania will dress if growth is to continue. meet or even exceed its targets,” Voinica said. For David, the most pressing issue is linked to All it largely needs to do to get there is to main- Power Purchase Agreements (PPA) – a legal bilat- tain the current support scheme and to invest in eral contract between an electricity provider and grid infrastructure development, she added. a power purchaser such as a utility. In July 2012, “Our target for 2020 is 4,000 MW but I think following legal uncertainties surrounding some we will go beyond this to at least 5,000 MW,” PPAs in Romania’s electricity sector, they were David said. banned by the government. “This has had the Looking further into the future, as the wind effect of making banks reluctant to invest,” David sector moves towards maturity, the growth rates said. “As a result we have had to revise down our are likely to dwindle somewhat. The underlying targets for next year,” he added. reasons for a probable slowdown in growth in- But David is confi dent issues surrounding PPAs clude the development of the most economically can be resolved soon. In January the EU and viable locations and the fact that the government the World Bank are due to monitor Romania and could well reduce its backing of the sector once could give a green light to PPAs, he explained. “I the National Renewable Energy Action Plans am hopeful the issue can be resolved by mid- (NREAP) targets are met, says Raluca Voinica February,” he said. from PwC.

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 33 | focus |

Poland – “Like a car going faster and suddenly you put a brake on”

Wind energy overview Installed capacity end 2011: 1,616 MW 2020 target: 6,650 MW

EWEA summary:

Power market Supply chain Wind energy targets Finance Support mechanism Permitting Resource Electricity infrastructure

Photo: Digital Vision

f all the new EU Member States, Poland has the brake on – this brake is the uncertainty over the Obiggest wind energy market. In 2010 and 2011, new regulation.” 400 MW of capacity were added, and around 800 The idea behind the law is positive, empha- MW in 2012, says Arkadiusz Sekscinski, Deputy sises Lasocki but in the interim, “the market is Director of the Polish Wind Energy Association. in a state of apprehension – we are all waiting for What helped this growth take place? “The main the new law.” driver for the Polish market was a system of green The lack of clarity is affecting the involvement certifi cates introduced eight years ago, which of- of the European Investment Bank and of the bank- fered very good prices”, explains Dr Karol Lasocki, ing sector in general, says Sophie Jablonski. Head of Innovative Energy and Environmental Law “It’s reducing the stability of the support Team at law fi rm K&L Gates. system and this is a problem – when there is a However, both Sekscinski and Lasocki warn that limited visibility it becomes an issue. For on- growth is now being hampered due to the uncer- shore wind there’s a possibility they’ll reduce the tainty surrounding these green certifi cates in ongo- amount of green certifi cates projects will receive - ing discussions on a new renewables law. they might get under one certifi cate per Megawatt “In 2010 we should have implemented the hour (MWh).” directive concerning the promotion of renewables”, “Several projects were quite advanced in our says Sekscinski. “But we only got the fi rst draft pipeline, but without clarity on the support system in December 2011, almost a year ago. By now it has been diffi cult to proceed further and confi - [December 2012, ed.], we have seen four different dently present them to our Board”, they add. drafts.” Other barriers are lack of knowledge about This has an impact on the investors in the renewables amongst the public, says Lasocki, sector. (although Sekscinski stresses that acceptance “Banks and investors are not open or fl exible is increasing, particularly in areas where there is to give credit because the regulation draft is being already a wind farm), also the long administrative changed all the time, new proposals are coming and procedures, with the process taking “fi ve or six no one can say what will be the fi nal date that it will years to construct a wind farm in Poland – far too be implemented. We are still at the stage where the long.” ministry shares projects with the industry which are There is also an overly time consuming permit- more ideas than something that can be certain.” ting process for getting grid access. Sekscinski describes the market as “like a car “The grid is a huge challenge in Poland”, explains going faster and faster and suddenly you put a Sekscinski. “The grid is pretty old, not modernised,

34 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | focus |

and we don’t build new grid connections.” “Of course we believe Poland will want to meet He says that often people have “in their pockets its EU climate and energy targets. Poland relies connection agreements with utilities regarding a lot on coal which it will need to replace with projects that will never be built”, which is blocking something else, and we think it will make sense new projects from getting grid access. for them to invest in wind as they have such good Yet overall the experts remain positive. Poland resources,” say Jablonski and Boschi from the EIB. has the most mature market in the central and “But what is diffi cult is convincing our credit depart- eastern European region, and Lasocki says there ment to support projects there if we can’t under- are many new entrants on the market. The fi gures stand what level of return these projects will get”. are good: cumulative wind energy capacity in- Richard König from Austrian bank Raiffeisen, creased by 37% in 2011 to reach the year end which is very active in central and eastern Europe, total of 1,616 MW. agrees that “Poland gets 90% of its energy from “I’m pretty optimistic that solutions and a coal, and wind is the only feasible alternative to stable law will be found”, assures Sekscinski. “We reach the 2020 targets. There is strong sup- need to be patient. For wind energy players look- port from key stakeholders for wind energy”, he ing for new business Poland is a very interesting adds. Overall, he considers Poland to be “one of prospective market - just look at Germany next to the three most attractive wind energy markets in us, which has 30 GW in wind farms and we have Europe today.” only 2 GW installed, so there is a huge capacity and possibility.”

Hungary – “Wind is an issue nobody in government mentions”

Wind energy overview Installed capacity end 2011: 330 MW 2020 target: 750 MW

EWEA summary:

Power market Supply chain Wind energy targets Finance Support mechanism Permitting Resource Electricity infrastructure

Photo: iStockphoto

hile Romania and Poland look set to con- The main blocking issue to further growth is the Wtinue strong growth for the next few years, Hungarian energy regulator’s decision not to issue the situation in Hungary is more mixed. any more grid permits in 2006, after those given to “Currently we have nearly 330 MW of wind en- the 330 MW of currently operational wind farms. ergy capacity installed, which is not too bad not “In the meantime everyone’s been working too good - compared to neighbouring countries on new wind projects. Currently around 1,800 – and based on our potential it’s not that ambi- 2,400 MW of projects have all their other permits, tious”, says Gabor Takacs, Managing Director of but are waiting for grid access for the building to the Hungarian Wind Energy Association. begin”, says Takacs.

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 35 | focus |

Furthermore, there is a lack of clarity over the knows why this changed, but it is not wise to renewables legislation. completely neglect all other important issues, “There is a Feed-in Tariff (FIT) in place, but and deal only with nuclear, like this government in 2009 the government created a system of is doing.” tenders and said it will issue permits based on a Nonetheless, Takacs says that he sees a competitive bid – that is, those who want permits “slightly brighter future”. have to state the lowest FIT they accept”, says “Hungary needs more and more capacity, we Takacs. “However the system had some fl aws, the don’t know when the planned nuclear stations will point is that it was put together in 2009 and the be built, other forms of power capacity are falling tender process took place in 2010 but after that, out of the grid. Our renewables targets are being they never published the results. They said they missed, we’re already falling behind”, he says. weren’t as expected and withdrew results without “By 2016 the fact that we’re on course to miss publishing them. Then at the end of 2010 the the 2020 renewable target will be very obvious, government said the whole FIT would be reformed, and it’s only wind that can be built very quickly. So but that hasn’t taken place yet, and there is no the worst case scenario is that in 2016 more grid consultation on the issue.” connection permits will be given to wind energy Since then, the government has completely projects. Within two, three years everything must and mysteriously changed its attitude to renew- change.” able energy, he says. In recent years, even MAVIR - the Hungarian “The new government since 2010 originally transmission system operator - has publicly was very active in communicating the impor- stated that “way more wind capacity could be tance of green energy and wind, including in connected to the grid”, he adds, even though no very high level strategy papers, saying green fi gures were given. “So it all boils down to the energy would help the economy to develop and lack of political will, and the fact that it’s basically so on. This has changed: now literally nobody impossible to talk to any politicians or decision at political or ministerial level is talking about makers about wind.” wind energy or green energy at all. Wind is an As soon as the government and Energy Offi ce issue nobody mentions. We don’t know when change their attitude and give more permits to the new FIT system will come out - they said wind energy projects, Takacs believes, “the inves- in 2010 but they have postponed it. Nobody tors will do the rest”.

Turkey - “The government knows that wind is a must”

Wind energy overview Installed capacity end 2011: 2,000 MW 2023 target: 20,000 MW

EWEA summary:

Power market Supply chain Wind energy targets Finance Support mechanism Permitting Resource Electricity infrastructure

Photo: Getty

36 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | focus |

ith one of the fastest growing electricity Additional fi nancial pressure is put on some Wsectors in the world, and one of the larg- projects by the tenders organised by the trans- est amounts of planned wind energy projects mission company to give grid access to the elec- in Europe (around 11,000 MW), Turkey likes tricity investor willing to pay the highest transmis- to think big. It has set a target of 20,000 MW sion fees, regardless of the market price. (20 GW) of installed wind energy capacity by its Another issue that slows down wind energy centenary in 2023, and its overall potential is as projects is the often complex administrative much as 48,000 MW – almost half the amount procedures. currently installed in the entire EU. “It often takes over one year to get a In 2011, for the fi rst time, a Feed-in Tariff was construction permit”, say Günay, Tandoga and introduced. Ataseven, “and for the Environmental Impact “This was a milestone, but at the same time Assessment, it takes another year to get pre- the Feed-in Tariff was a so-so price – $0.07 per pared as the ministry wants data from each of Kilowatt hour of electricity for ten years. Wind the four seasons – over 300 days, the regula- potential in Turkey is huge, and energy prices will tion states.” increase, so the market price is higher than the Despite this, they say there are now many Feed-in Tariff”, explain Hüsnü Alpkan Günay, Beril international companies active in Turkey, includ- Pinar Tandogan and Mustafa Serdar Ataseven ing nine blade manufacturers. Nonetheless, the from the Turkish Wind Energy Association. market is still dominated by local companies. Alessandro Boschi from the EIB makes a Turkey also has a local content require- similar point. “Wind is now being well developed ment for wind energy projects – although with in Turkey where most of the pro- the WTO recently having ruled jects choose to sell their elec- that a similar requirement in tricity on the market as the price Ontario, Canada was illegal, it has been so far higher than the “The market remains to be seen how long available feed-in tariff “ price for this will remain in place. It According to Tunc hasn’t stopped the internation- Alyanak, Investment Offi cer wind power al companies from being able at International Finance is higher than the to partake in the market so far, Corporation (IFC), while Turkey’s point out Günay, Tandoga and wind energy potential is mas- Feed-in Tariff.” Ataseven. sive, the market was impacted Wind energy is very popular by the start of the fi nancial in Turkey, they say, and strongly crisis in late 2008, as well as the Eurozone Debt supported by the government – partly because Crisis. the country is currently importing vast amounts “The market was really good before the fi nan- of gas at high prices from Russia. cial crisis with local banks being active, shorter “Environmental activists like wind energy, construction periods and feed-in tariffs that were also many stars and pop stars give full sup- providing a certain comfort. All of these factors port to wind farms. It’s used in adverts for helped to bring in fi nancing with competitive Turkey - people love wind energy, and many of pricing, which benefi tted market participants. them participate in Global Wind Day on 15 June However things changed after the start of the cri- every year. The government knows that wind is sis – partly because Turkish banks were getting a must.” their funding from the international market and “Every year since 2008, around 3-400 MW partly because of domestic economic conditions. of wind energy capacity has been installed The pricing in the market went up, the terms and in Turkey, and I’m expecting this to increase conditions became more stringent.” for several reasons”, says Alyanak. “There is This has meant other institutions such as the increased global liquidity that will lower pric- IFC, the EIB and export credit agencies getting ings, and also a greater availability of licences. more involved to enable access to long term Thirdly, the Turkish government is supportive fi nancing. of renewables and some tax incentives are “Local banks are reluctant to go ahead and applied.” provide funding; they’re quoting really high inter- “The big picture is that Turkey has very good est rates so the IFC is partly fi lling the gap”, potential for investment in wind energy”, con- says Alyanak. clude Günay, Tandoga and Ataseven. ■

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BA_Wind1_A4_hoch_EN+EWEA.indd 1 08.01.2013 10:23:41 | opinion |

Adam Barber examines the thorny issue of fi nancing and the wind industry. Looking east

012 was in many respects a turbulent time Bulgarian market looked promising with 2for the wind energy industry. Fiscal austerity favourable land values and planning laws. continued in much of western Europe, whilst policy But that changed overnight in June uncertainty over future commitment to renewable 2012, when the Bulgarian energy regu- energy in some countries caused investors to think lator reduced all tariffs for wind energy twice in the more mature markets. by 22%. Worldwide, the continuation of the Production Tax Worryingly for investors, the move was Credit for wind energy in the US is still very much unannounced and completed without any in the balance, despite the re-election of President prior consultation. Consequently, and Communications Photo: Tamarindo Obama.* And in China, domestic demand for on- unsurprisingly, the market has slowed, shore wind has fallen, tightening the market even with 2013 looking challenging for new further for overseas fi rms. developments. But last year wasn’t all bad news. It was also a But as is frequently the nature of the year that saw the consolidation of a number of fi rst wind energy markets, where one country Adam Barber and his team moves towards new wind energy markets. looks unstable, others can provide a new provide counsel and advice to The second phase of Czech energy utility, CEZ’s haven for ambitious developers. ambitious businesses operat- Fantanele-Cogealac project in Romania was com- And not always where it’s most ing in the fi nancial services and pleted, making the development the largest onshore expected. energy space. wind energy scheme in Europe. When looking at wind energy sources Looking at the project details, there is every back in 2007 for example, the Turkish He is the publisher of A Word reason to look at the former Eastern Bloc coun- Ministry of Energy looked at ways of About Wind and the founder of tries, and many of the most recent joiners to the encouraging swift investment and develop- Tamarindo Communications. European Union, as the next big area of growth. ment in the sector. The move saw a rule The CEZ project, for example, used turbines enacted that didn’t require project develop- and components manufactured in Germany, Spain, ers to have a grid connection or long-term Brazil, China and the United States. For the world- wind energy data in order to secure a license. wide industry keen to develop a global supply chain, The result was that the Energy Market this is clearly good news. Regulatory Authority (EMRA) was inundated with However, it isn’t a simple story. And the road projects up to a total of 78,000 MW. Conversely, towards a fully-fl edged wind energy industry in each although this resulted in a large potential, it took of these countries will not be an easy one. three years for the EMRA to screen all the appli- There are some early signs of instability in cations, and adjudicate where competing projects Poland, for example, as the country starts to imple- had applied for the same sites. ment early green legislation. At the time of writing, Despite this rather premature burst of activity, under the Polish Renewable Energy Sources Act, a the Turkish wind energy market has settled on a ceiling price for renewable energy purchased from target of 20,000 MW by 2023. And although each the internal energy network will be implemented. MW of wind energy installed required $1.3 billion of Crucially, however, any suppliers paying above the associated investment, Turkish strategic plans for ceiling price will lose any accompanying green certifi - wind energy include a domestic supply chain. cates, and the subsidy that goes with them. Consequently, wind power now accounts for 2% In practice, the policy could create uncertainty of energy generation in Turkey, a good milestone for power bought over the ceiling price, ultimately for the country as it looks to prove it can sign up to compromising green power purchase agreements. tough EU climate targets. The move has caused both DONG and Iberdrola to Evidently then, the eastern European wind en- consider their commitments to the development of ergy story is still very much being written. It’s far the Polish wind industry. from secure, it’s dependent on wavering political Under proposed amendments, the law also support and it is looking for growth in economi- favours a focus on offshore wind and photovoltaic cally challenging times. developments over onshore wind. However, developers are an optimistic bunch. Bulgaria, too, is a market that developers still And with a multitude of early-stage deals already regard as a little tepid. Bolstered in 2010 by in the pipeline early mover advantage remains the launch of a well-structured feed in tariff, the critical. ■

* On 1 January 2013, US Congress fi nally extended the PTC for wind energy projects starting in 2013, Ed.

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 39

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Do you follow the EWEA blog on www.ewea.org/blog? Updated several times a week, the blog covers news and opinion on a variety of topics linked to wind energy. Below, blog editor Zoë Casey selects three top stories from the past couple of months.

UK energy bill will create 125,000 jobs

By Sarah Azau, EWEA

Photo: EWEA/Bickley larmist headlines in the UK at the end of A closer examination of the fi gures shows that ANovember proclaimed the “tripling” of energy currently the British government’s green meas- bills to pay for “green energy”. But the scaremon- ures make up just 1.6% of an average electricity gering belied a story that is positive for the British and gas bill, and that this could rise to 4.8% with economy, the climate, the consumer and the the new bill. Higher gas prices have been the European wind energy industry. main driver of increasing energy bills over the last The feature of the upcoming energy bill most eight years according to the UK Government’s media seized on was that energy fi rms will be electricity and gas market regulator Ofgem. Zoë Casey picks her allowed to triple the amount of money consum- Finally, those reporters delighting in painting favourite blog posts from ers pay for so-called “green” measures, including support for green measures as a terrible and the past two months renewables but also nuclear power. disproportionate burden on the consumer might But the measure will increase investor certain- like to check the OECD fi gures which show coal, ty in the wind energy and renewables industries oil and gas in the UK getting £3.63 billion in sub- and give a massive boost to the British economy: sidies in 2010, while onshore and offshore wind according to ministers, it will stimulate at least received only £700 million in the year to April €110 billion in investments across the board and 2011 – fi ve times less than fossil fuels. create 125,000 jobs. (published 23 Nov 2012) What is more, it will actually save the consumer Zoë says: It’s true to say that people often dis- money in the long run. The Guardian pointed out like change, and certain players in the energy sec- that, “by the end of the decade the benefi ts of ener- tor are no exception. But, looking further into the gy-saving measures and less reliance on expensive future shows just how far and wide the beneﬁ ts of fossil fuel power will mean bills are actually lower energy change could be – for our climate, economy than they would be without the green policies”. and our electricity bills.

Offshore wind farms beneﬁ t sea life, says study

By Zoë Casey, EWEA

ffshore wind farms can create a host of ben- Institute study was that of organisms colliding with Oefi ts for the local marine environment, as well offshore wind turbines. The study, backed-up by a as combatting climate change, a new study by the number of previous studies, found that many bird Marine Institute at Plymouth University has found. species fl y low over the water, avoiding collision with The Marine Institute found that wind farms wind turbine blades. It also found that some spe- provide shelter to fi sh species since sea bottom cies, such as Eider ducks, do modify their courses trawling is often forbidden inside a wind farm, and slightly to avoid offshore turbines. it found that turbine support structures can create When it comes to noise, the study found “no artifi cial reefs for some species. signifi cant impact on behaviour or populations.” A separate study at the Nysted offshore wind It noted that a separate study in the Netherlands farm in Denmark confi rmed this fi nding by saying found more porpoise clicks inside a Dutch wind that artifi cial reefs provided favourable growth condi- farm than outside it “perhaps exploiting the tions for blue mussels and crab species. A study on higher fi sh densities found”. the Thanet offshore wind farm in the UK found that The study also said that offshore wind power and some species like cod shelter inside the wind farm. other marine renewable energies should be rolled One high-profi le issue covered by the Marine out rapidly in order to combat the threats to marine

42 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | best of blog | biodiversity, food production and economies posed impacts of climate change; however it is not too by climate change. late to make a difference to avoid more extreme “It is necessary to rapidly deploy large quantities impacts,” the study said. of marine renewable energy to reduce the carbon “If you bring all these studies together they all emissions from fossil fuel burning which are leading point to a similar conclusion: offshore wind farms to ocean acidifi cation, global warming and climatic have a positive impact on the marine environment changes,” the study said. in several ways,” said Angeliki Koulouri, Research EWEA forecasts that 40 GW of offshore wind Offi cer at EWEA. “First they contribute to a reduction capacity will be online in European seas by 2020 in CO2 emissions, the major threat to biodiversity, which will offset 102 million tonnes of CO2 every second, they provide regeneration areas for fi sh and year. By 2030, the expected 150 GW of offshore benthic populations,” she added. capacity will offset 315 million tonnes of CO2 annu- (published 4 Dec 2012) ally – that’s a signifi cant contribution to the effort to Zoë says: This study shows that offshore wind cut carbon. energy not only helps ﬁ ght climate change but can “It is clear that the marine environment is protect the local marine environment too. And it’s not already being damaged by the increasingly apparent the ﬁ rst study to come up with similar conclusions.

Wind should be given priority over fossil fuels – WWF

By Philippa Jones, freelance journalist

ind and other renewable energies must be The NGO admits that such a transformation Wgiven immediate priority over fossil fuels and would demand signifi cant investments, but claims nuclear power if the EU is serious about its commit- that “delivering it means we would save globally ment to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% nearly €4 trillion per year by 2050 through energy by 2050, says a new report by the World Wildlife effi ciency and reduced fuel costs compared to a Fund for Nature (WWF). Without such action the EU business-as-usual scenario”. will only manage a 40% cut in emissions by 2050, “Renewable energy represents a group of proven warns the NGO. solutions,” says Anderson. “By contrast, any reli- “The spiralling economic, social and environmen- ance on the divisive and costly nuclear energy or tal cost of our current energy system, and the loom- unproven carbon capture and storage is courting ing threat of climate change disaster, fl ip the burden failure on the road to 2050 energy decarbonisation of proof: anything other than sustainable renewa- in the EU. The 40-year perspective also makes clear bles used effi ciently should now have to justify their that while gas plays an important early role, its use existence, not the other way around as has histori- must then diminish strongly over time, if we want to cally been the case,” says Jason Anderson, head of meet our climate goals.” climate and energy at WWF’s European Policy Offi ce. According to EWEA fi gures, in 2011 wind power ‘Cutting energy related emissions the right way’, in the EU avoided the emission of 140 million published 27 November, assesses the fi ve decar- tonnes of CO2, equivalent to taking 71 million bonisation scenarios presented in the European vehicles off the road. In 2020, the 213 GW of Commission’s energy roadmap 2050. It concludes installed wind power as planned in Member that the roadmap only considers a relatively narrow States’ National Renewable Energy Action Plans, range of decarbonisation options, all with roughly simi- will avoid the emission of 342 million tonnes of lar levels of renewable energy by 2030 and a “signifi - CO2 – the equivalent to around three quarters of cant residual fossil fuel liability through to 2050”. today’s EU car fl eet. Each roadmap scenario can be considered as a The WWF highlights that unacceptable risks of “variation on a central theme” and the document climate change can only be avoided if developed therefore “overlooks the rewards that could be countries reduce their greenhouse gas emissions reaped from the more ambitious options of 95% by 40% by 2020 and by 95% by 2050. Achieving emissions reductions and a scenario that combines this will improve the probability of staying below high renewable energy generation and high energy 2°C warming threshold, and keeps the WWF’s goal savings,” says the report. of a 1.5°C maximum within reach, claims the NGO. The WWF believes that that a 100% renewable Zoë says: With the economic and ﬁ nancial energy future is possible by the middle of this cen- crisis still high up on the agenda, climate change tury, insisting that “it saves money, and is the most has slipped from the limelight. But reports like this certain way to guarantee the transformation of our one show just how important the role of renewable energy systems in order to avoid the very worst of energy in ﬁ ghting climate change could be. climate change”. (published 3 Dec 2012)

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Looking for a safe bet

nvestment in renewables may no longer be at wind accounting for a little less than 2%. Ithe record levels enjoyed up until 2010. As with Reducing dependence on domestic coal most sectors, policy uncertainty combined with a through investing in wind will not only help tough economic climate has taken its toll across Poland hit its EU renewable targets, it also the EU. makes economic sense. Citing an Ernst & Yet for investors still looking for a safe bet, Young report: “The impact of wind energy on there are still opportunities in wind to be explored economic growth in Poland”, the PWEA noted in the “new” EU countries and other emerging the construction cost of a hard-coal fi red power markets. plant was 6.6 million PLN/MW (€1.6 million/ Romania, for example, has an estimated an- MW), similar to the cost of a wind farm. nual wind generation potential of 23 TWh, with In addition, with no fuel costs the running By Junior Isles some of the best conditions in Europe available costs are also much lower and continue to in the country’s southeast. The Black Sea also fall. A recent Bloomberg New Energy offers the possibility for offshore wind. Finance report said average prices for Junior Isles is the Editor-in- Updates to Romania’s renewable energy law in operation and maintenance contracts Chief of The Energy Industry late 2011 have increased the country’s attractive- in the wind sector have fallen by 38% Times newspaper and an ness for investors and equipment manufacturers, in the last four years, further boosting Energy Media Consultant with as evidenced by a recent announcement. wind power’s competitiveness. Man in Black Media. In December, Iberdrola Engineering & Poland is not alone among emerging Construction awarded its largest contract to date economies in its desire to improve its in Romania for the supply and installation of 32 energy security. Security of supply is central to turbines for the 80 MW Chirnogeni wind farm. Turkey’s energy strategy. Owned by private developer EP Wind Project (Rom) Speaking at the Turkish Power Industry Six S.A., the wind farm is claimed to be the fi rst conference in Istanbul at the end of September true non-recourse fi nanced renewable power pro- Mr Selahattin Çimen, Deputy Undersecretary, ject in Romania*. Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources said: For emerging countries, investing in wind is not “Due to confl icts in our neighbourhood, we have just about hitting renewable targets; it is as much been suffering. Therefore security plays a role about being self-suffi cient as it is about being in our energy strategy. We have the highest clean. electricity demand growth in the OECD… we will Even Poland, which says that nuclear and always need to import energy.” shale gas are priorities in its plan to reduce de- With electricity demand growing at around pendence on Russian gas, now sees the value of 9% a year, Turkey is looking to increase produc- wind in providing energy security. tion from all forms of generation. Poland’s main state-owned generators have Crucially, Mr Çimen says “electricity pro- thus far invested little in wind but they are duction has to be sustainable”. This drive for interested in broadening their portfolios. Private sustainability has seen the country embark on equity groups are also keen to invest. According a nuclear power programme and, notably, move to the Polish Wind Energy Association (PWEA), to dramatically increase its wind capacity. Poland has 2.3 GW of installed wind capacity. Turkey has a wind power potential of 48 GW Investments in the sector have attracted PLN 16 and aims to have wind represent 20% of its “Investing in billion (€3.92 billion) of capital. generating capacity by 2023. This would see wind is as The government recently granted 14 licenses wind power grow from 2,041 MW in July 2012 for development of wind farms on the Baltic Sea to 20,000 MW. much about and was due to review more than two dozen more As long as the regulatory framework is being self- by the end of 2012. solid, wind seems to be a safe bet for govern- Poland generates about 90% of its power from ments of emerging countries looking to secure sufﬁ cient as it coal but has committed to generating 15% of its their own energy supply, and for private inves- is about being electricity from renewables by 2020. Renewables tors looking for somewhere to get a return on currently represent 8% of the generation mix, with investment. ■ clean.”

* Non-recourse fi nancing’ means that in case of default by the borrower, the lender only has access to the project itself for debt settlement.

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 45 | country focus |

In 2013, Wind Directions will A closer look at… take a look at a selection of wind energy markets across Europe Austria and beyond. By Zoë Casey

2% back in 2005 to 10% by 2020 when wind power’s overall capacity is expected to be more than 3,000 MW, putting Austria’s wind power growth on a steady, upwards curve. Photo: Digital Vision “In 2012 around 300 more megawatts will be added and we expect over 400 MW to be added in 2013 – this is an increase of more than 30% of the wind turbine stock,” Martin Fliegenschnee-Jaksch from the Austrian Wind Energy Association – IG Windkraft – said. One Austrian region, Burgenland, which is Austria’s easternmost Land – will be powered by 100% renewable energy with more than 90% of that coming from wind by next year, Fliegenschnee- Jaksch added. The increase is a big improvement on previous years when, for four years up until 2010 there were almost no wind turbines installed. “This gap in wind energy ringed by mountains on almost every energy fl eet as well as energy effi ciency development was basically because the Fside, this small Alpine nation is one measures. Feed-in Tariff was too low at this time,” of Europe’s rising renewable energy The fi rst wind turbines in the country Fliegenschnee-Jaksch explained. “The stars: over 70% of the Austrian electric- were built in 1994 politicians got cold ity demand is expected to be met by – largely by coopera- feet,” he added. renewable energy sources by 2020. tives and farmers A large part This high level is mainly due to the very - and by the end of “Nearly a of the expected substantial amounts of hydro power in 2011 Austria had quarter of Austria’s energy increase is due to a the country; wind energy’s contribution to 1,084 MW of wind change in support the overall renewable electricity level in power installed came from renewables from the govern- Austria is relatively low but is projected producing enough in 2005.” ment: in 2010 the to grow to up to 10% by 2020. electricity to meet Feed-in Tariff for Austria’s overall renewable energy 3.3% of the coun- wind-powered elec- target for 2020 stands at 34%, how- try’s total demand. tricity was raised ever, the share of renewable energy By the end of 2012 this is expected to considerably from €0.075 per kilowatt in 2005 was already 24.4% and the rise to just over 1,400 MW and wind hour to €0.097 per kWh. The 13-year- 2020 target will be easily met due to power’s contribution to the overall 2020 long Feed-in Tariff is revised every year an increase in the country’s renewable renewable energy target will rise from and is subject to a cap of €50 million for

46 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | country focus |

all renewables. Today the Feed-in Tariff is €0.095 per kWh. “The companies that were waiting for four years got their permits in 2010 and Photo: Hemera 2011 which explains the higher growth rate in 2012 and the expected growth in 2013,” Fliegenschnee-Jaksch said. Current government support for wind is based on the Green Electricity Act of 2002 which was passed into law in order to achieve a government target of 15% of green electricity by 2015. In addition to support for large scale wind farms - a large proportion of which are owned by cooperatives and private companies, 40%, with the rest owned by utilities. Meanwhile, one problem that typically dogs wind power development – the grid – does not seem to be such a big hurdle in Austria. Transmission grid capacities are in the process of being reinforced and the Austrian Power Grid AG is devel- Three in four Austrians support wind power oping its grid master plan which includes the development of interconnection IG Windkraft and coordinator of Global said there is always uncertainty over capacities with neighbouring countries. Wind Day 2012 events in Austria, said. whether or not politicians will change the Moreover, Austrian authorities have “Even people living very near wind- currently favourable support mechanism the pieces in place to measure energy mills were in favour of wind power. for wind power. “In Austria you never consumption in real time which has the Moreover, most people said windmills know how long this legislation will be in knock-on effect of have no effect on place,” he said adding that in the worst improving network their quality of life, case it could change next year even planning and “Compared and 13% of people though the renewable energy law outlines enhancing delivery to other said it improved a 3,000 MW target for 2020. of services. their quality of life,” Fliegenschnee-Jaksch remains “The develop- countries the Austrian Fliegenschnee-Jaksch optimistic however: “I am very sure we ment of wind grid is perfect.” said. will reach the 3,000 MW aim and I even power has in fact Austria also has think we will break through it,” he said. enhanced the a highly developed This February Austria is hosting Austrian grid because wind companies wind energy supply chain with more than the EWEA Annual Event. “Vienna is a have to pay up to €130,000 per MW 120 companies working in wind energy- fantastic choice for EWEA 2013 be- for grid connection,” Fliegenschnee- related components from electronics to cause of the good wind energy situation Jaksch said. “There are some small fi breglass. Austrian wind energy supply and growing market in the country and grid problems but compared to other chain exports amounted to far more than also because Austria’s connections to countries the Austrian grid is perfect,” he €500 million last year. The country also eastern and central Europe are very added. “Grid interconnectors especially boasts one of the world’s highest wind good. Many Austrian companies have to Germany do need to be strengthened, farms, and one of the fi rst wind farms to been engaged in these regions for many but again in Austria, compared to other be built in forests. years, from the fi nance sector to wind countries, interconnections are good.” While the situation for wind power in farm construction,” Fliegenschnee- What is more, Austrians are generally Austria is positive, Fliegenschnee-Jaksch Jaksch said. ■ in favour of wind power – a 2012 survey carried out by the Austrian Wind Energy Austria – the wind energy facts Association found that 77% of Austrians support wind power. “Many local inhabit- ants think of wind farms in their sur- CURRENT CAPACITY ...... 1,084 MW (end 2011) roundings as landmarks – in addition to 2020 FORECAST ...... 3,000 MW+ the economic benefi ts communities near PERCENTAGE OF ELECTRICITY TO BE MET BY RENEWABLES BY 2020...... 70% a wind farm can gain,” Lukas Pawek from

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 47 | technology corner |

Optimising operations

By Philippa Jones

Photo: REPower

aking operations and maintenance as effi cient continually monitoring wind turbine foundations for Mand cost effective as possible is vital if the this very reason. wind industry is to reach its potential. Moreover, the “Early warning of potential corrosion problems need to ensure that turbines are robust and easy will help reduce O&M costs related to offshore wind to maintain becomes increasingly important as the turbines,” he says. Denja Lekou from the Centre for offshore sector grows and even onshore turbines Renewable Energy Sources and Saving in Greece are placed in more hostile environments that are argues a similar case for using acoustic monitor- diffi cult to access. ing for turbine blades. “If the methodology is good, There is no shortage of ideas of how to improve the cost of acoustic emissions sensors and any component reliability and condition monitoring other related equipment will be offset by the ability and some of the best ones will be shared at the to have constant, detailed monitoring of the state EWEA 2013 Annual Event. But of the blades and removing the they will all have to prove their need for on-site inspections every worth to session chair Mark “Companies are six to 12 months,” she states. Young from DNV KEMA Energy & making kit, but “At the moment only by stop- Sustainability, UK. “Lots of com- ping a wind turbine and inspect- panies are making kit, but there there is not enough ing the blades is it possible to is not enough practical real-world validation.” check whether one has devel- validation examples,” he says. oped a crack during the operation “Validation is the key to having of the turbine,” explains Lekou. compelling evidence that proves the technology is “By using the acoustic emission technique, the worth investment and not just an ancillary device”. blades can be checked for damage while they Moreover, “companies need to know they will get a are turning.” Acoustic emissions operate at high positive return on their investment,” he says. This frequency like ultrasound. “Sensors in the blades is particularly important in the current economic detect stress waves that are emitted when, for ex- climate where companies are looking to produce the ample, a crack occurs or propagates in the blade,” best products as cheaply as possible. says Lekou. “Because this monitoring is constant, Yves Van Ingelgem from the Vrije Universiteit we can pick up on any cracks much quicker than Brussel, Belgium will argue the importance of would be possible with a traditional inspection.

48 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | technology corner |

Moreover, the acoustic emissions technology will Operational offshore capture not just any local damage, but also monitor The importance of keeping a close eye on what is larger areas of the blade.” happening on offshore turbines is the focus of the paper to be presented by Paul Faulkner, technical Balancing the budgets sales manager at Strainstall Monitoring. He will Rather than focusing on saving money, Steven discuss the design and capability of Structural Buckley from the UK offi ce of consultancy Sinclair Health Monitoring Systems (SHMS) on offshore Knight Merz, wants to make it easier for companies wind turbines together with the management of to see what O&M options are available and how the tasks and risks in offshore environments. they can budget for some of the associated costs. “The application of SHMS in diffi cult environments Likewise, his fi rm wants to help businesses exam- is a particularly challenging task,” says Faulkner. ine what the impact on energy yield might be by In such environments, “ease of installation, rug- applying statistical techniques based on Mean Time gedness and reliability of equipment is essential Between Failure rates and Mean Time to Repair in providing key information about the structural rates. “We have produced such analyses for lenders integrity of turbines which is required to evaluate in the past at the development stage and used it in the structural response, status and remaining preparing fi nancial models as part of due diligence operational life of the structure”. Faulkner insists projects,” says Buckley. “We have typically provided that “the installation and commissioning of such an annual cost estimate which can be used to help systems have a signifi cant focus on safety and build up a ‘maintenance reserve account’ and we access to the structures where onsite retrofi tting have provided ‘sculpted’ availability curves to better of sensors and instrumentation are carried out in refl ect the impact of component the fi eld.” failures on availability.” He gives the example of how He admits that this is far “What works theory has been put into action from being a simple exercise. for one wind farm by Strainstall. “In April 2010, “The main problem in adopting engineers reported a fundamental this approach is differences isn’t necessarily fl aw in the design of offshore wind between O&M contracts, the right for turbine foundation structures,” says different technologies and dif- Faulkner. “The problem affects wind ferent sites,” states Buckley. another site.” farms across Europe, requiring fur- “It is a prediction exercise ther investigation into the potential based on a statistical analysis of historic data, effects on all offshore turbines that have monopole but not all turbines are the same and not all foundations of this design.” He explains that “the sites are the same, so what works for one site grout designed to act as an adhesive between the isn’t necessarily right for another site.” However, pile foundation and the transition section of the tur- he insists that his company’s approach is “an bine tower base was failing, and had caused some improvement on using general rules of thumb for turbines to slip by up to 25mm. The majority of the, O&M costs and availability.” Furthermore, “some then, 366 UK turbines were built to the same speci- elements of the analysis can be adjusted to take fi cation and so could potentially develop this fault.” into account the differences in technologies and Supporting brackets used during the construc- sites and, in the case of operational sites, known tion phase and then subsequently left in place have failure rates that differ from the norm.” stopped the turbine towers from slipping further According to Buckley, “this approach is viable for and consequently no safety issues have since been all companies, can be used at any stage of develop- identifi ed. Nonetheless, more detailed analysis ment/operation, for projects of different sizes and of the problem was required. Monitoring systems in different countries.” He is also confi dent that it were therefore installed “as retrofi t packages on “should be possible” to apply this model offshore the monopile towers… this moved on to structural wind farms. “I am presently discussing this with my health monitoring systems that were fi tted at the on- O&M colleagues, who have provided maintenance shore construction bases then fi nally commissioned on an offshore wind farm for many years, to discuss offshore,” explains Faulkner. what changes to parameters might be appropriate,” The main challenges in the installation and com- he explains. missioning of such systems are the environment

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 49 | technology corner |

Faulstich accepts that “databases are, of course, Installing an acoustic emission system, which only as good as the quality of data they contain.” allows the blades to be checked for damage Hence, “standardisation is vital to ensuring while they are turning that the information is fi t for purpose”. For this reason, the International Energy Agency (IEA) created a taskforce in November aimed at agreeing international standards for reliability data. “The purpose is to bring together the present actors in the industry and research community to create synergies and agreements in the many R&D activities already on-going in the fi eld of statistical failure analysis,” says Faulstich. Building a useful database is a complicated exercise. “Due to the large amount of parameters infl uencing reliability behaviour, a large data pool is needed for appropriate analyses,” says Faulstich. “A large database offers the possibility to clearly identify weak points and to make state- ments on the failure probability of certain com- Photo: Denja Lekou ponents meaningful,” he adds. “It is important – weather conditions and accessibility – in which the to make use of experience by acquiring a lot of work has to be carried out and the need to provide information at different locations. This is possible a safe environment for engineers. Changing weather only through semi-automated and highly simplifi ed conditions can have a signifi cant effect on the ability data management.” This will be the main focus to stick to an installation programme and com- going forward. “There is a need to gain more panies often have to be extremely fl exible in their parameters, data and additional information com- planning. This can also have an obvious impact on pared with today, making electronically supported costs, which are also affected not only by the work reporting by service teams necessary. The need required but also by issues such as the location of to gather more and especially more detailed data, installation and commissioning and whether any while reducing maintenance efforts, should be the work can be carried out onshore before the turbines long-term goal.” are installed offshore, for example. The numbers of There are clearly many challenges ahead, but turbines monitored in a package can also affect the different solutions and approaches do exist. One cost. Estimated costs can run from £50-150,000 of the key aims of the EWEA 2013 session is to (€60-180,000) per turbine, dependent upon com- spread this information more widely and Mark plexity, according to Faulkner. Young hopes to facilitate this knowledge transfer during the sessions on condition monitoring. “I Data sharing want the audience to leave with more understand- One way of potentially limiting costs would be ing than they arrived with, an awareness of new through the development of a common database, technology, tangible bits of information, and actual an approach extolled by Stefan Faulstich from experiences,” he says. “There are a lot of different the German research institute Fraunhofer IWES. techniques and technologies on the market, and “Extensive national research projects dedicated I want speakers to show how they can be ap- to reliability analyses on wind turbine failures have plied in the near future.” Young insists that his is been performed during the last years in several “especially important for companies looking to set countries, including Denmark, Finland, Germany, up wind farms in the emerging markets of harsh the UK, the Netherlands, the US and Sweden,” he locations such as Scandinavia, where site access explains. “There is agreement to a certain degree is diffi cult for much of the year.” In these situa- among the projects on wind turbine failure statistics. tions, “it is important to have condition monitoring However, the same components can react differ- that leads to improved Asset Integrity Management ently in different turbines, for example, because of and reliability”. Likewise, companies that choose different technical concepts in use or different site to use wind turbines “made by manufacturers with characteristics, while the use of identical and similar less experience than the top-tier need to make “Costs could components from different manufacturers will lead sure they can keep track of their assets,” con- to different lifetime expectations of the components cludes Young. be limited by and thus to a spread of results,” says Faulstich. using a shared He believes therefore that “a common database of The EWEA 2013 session on ‘Condition Monitoring and Operations’ several or even all wind farm operators is essential will take place on Wednesday 6 February at 16:00. database.” to broaden the statistical basis.” See www.ewea.org/annual2013 ■

50 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 EWEA’s series of technology workshops continues in 2013:

Resource Assessment 2nd Edition 25-26 June 2013, Dublin, Ireland

Wind Power Forecasting Fourth quarter 2013 – date and venue to be conﬁ rmed

www.ewea.org/workshops

EWEA teams up with the experts to deliver technology workshops which leverage the know-how of the industry at large. We listen to our members to develop high quality events at the best value for money. What does wind energy mean for you? Global Wind Day 2013 photo competition Discovering the stories behind wind energy

+ = 1 YOUR PHOTO YOUR STORY YOUR PRIZE?

Every picture tells a story – what’s yours? Tell us your wind energy story with a photo plus a description, or a poem, or a song.... Length of story: 50-300 words Deadline: 5 May 2013 First prize: a €1000 Amazon voucher Find out more: www.globalwindday.org

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EWEA appoints new CEO

international negotiations in the EU, UN, OECD and the IEA, and has a Master’s degree in law. “I am looking forward to working for EWEA, an organisation with an outstanding reputation” said Thomas Becker. “I want to turn the crisis facing the wind industry today into an opportunity to show how this major and long-term sustainable energy producer can contribute to jobs, exports and green growth. As the sector’s leading voice EWEA has to be heard even more clearly in these diffi cult times. I see a strong post 2020 European renewable energy policy as the key to investor security and thereby the industry’s future.” “EWEA has recruited the best possible replacement for Christian Kjaer” EWEA staff applaud future EWEA said EWEA President Arthouros Zervos. “Thomas Becker has long experience CEO Thomas Becker, centre Photo: EWEA/Bickley of high-level international energy and climate politics and policies as well as EWEA’s new Chief Executive Offi cer will per year). Prior to that, he was Deputy experience in the private sector. We are be Thomas Becker, former Danish civil Permanent Secretary at the Danish sorry to lose Christian Kjaer but de- servant and international negotiator. Ministry of Climate and Energy. He has lighted to have recruited Thomas Becker. Since 2010, Thomas Becker has been also worked for the Danish Ministry EWEA will remain in very capable hands.” CEO of Genan - a company that recycles of the Environment and for the Danish Thomas Becker will start at EWEA on used tyres at a very large scale glob- Environment Protection Agency. He joins 1 April 2013. ally (and has a turnover of €100 million EWEA with a long standing experience in

More EWEA technology workshops Upcoming events coming up in Frankfurt and Organised in response to requests from Date and venue to be announced. Barcelona EWEA members for quality forums for the Organised in association with the discussion of current technology issues, Anemos Consortium. Whether you’re one of the many people with the best possible value for money. The fi nal technology workshop in 2013 attending EWEA’s 2013 Annual Event in • Resource Assessment - Second Edition will focus on forecasting issues related Vienna or not, don’t forget about the next 25 & 26 June 2013 to onshore and offshore wind energy. two EWEA events: Dublin, Ireland Programme and call for abstracts to EWEA OFFSHORE 2013 - the world’s Organised in association with the Irish be launched in second quarter 2013. largest offshore conference and ex- Wind Energy Association. • Extra visibility for your organisation: hibition - will take place from 19-21 • Second technology workshop on re- If you would like to present your November in Frankfurt, Germany. source assessment, following on from company to the highly targeted audi- The EWEA 2014 Annual Event the highly acclaimed 2011 edition. ences that the technology workshops will take place from 10-13 March in Programme, pre-workshop comparison attract contact Tim Robinson on Barcelona, Spain. exercise and call for abstracts launched. [email protected] or Information on attending the events, • Pre-Announcement: tel: +32 2 213 1844 to discuss your booking a spot on the exhibition fl oor Wind Power Forecasting objectives and the exhibition & spon- and more can be found on Fourth quarter, 2013 sorship opportunities available. www.ewea.org/events

54 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | EWEA news |

Once again in 2013, the Global Wind Day photo contest will gather entries from around the world Photo: EWEA/Catalano Global Wind Day 2013: take action, shoot photos, tell stories

For some, the month of June means Last year the Global Wind exams; for others it means the begin- Day website had a makeo- ning of summer at last. But for more ver. This year, the Day’s web and more people around the world June and social media presence – and especially 15 June – stand for will be even more signifi cant. Global Wind Day, the day when every year Have a look at the website – citizens can discover the power of wind www.globalwindday.org – and energy through a range of online and real our Facebook page: life events and actions. www.facebook.com/globalwindday. The whole family can join in with Sometimes the key facts activities on Global Wind Day So what’s going on this year? about wind energy – what it Photo: DWIA Following from last year’s success, there is is, what it does - get lost. To continents, from painting competitions once again a photo competition organ- clarify the benefi ts and the status of for children to seminars for adults, with ised. But this time around, the theme is wind energy in simple, straightforward the focus on outdoor activities everyone ‘Discover the stories behind wind energy’. terms, EWEA has released a new, highly can join in on. More information com- What does wind energy mean for you? user-friendly pocket publication of ‘wind ing soon on the event map which will Share your story with a picture – plus an energy facts’. Those of you at EWEA’s be launched in April on the website: up to 300 word text explaining your choice Annual Event 2013 can pick up a copy at www.globalwindday.org. of image. Winners will be announced just the EWEA stand (B-B40), otherwise visit Global Wind Day is supported by vari- before Global Wind Day and their shots www.ewea.org to explore them and order ous key fi gures, from popular artistes to displayed in a two-week exhibition in the your own copy if you wish. important environmental campaigners. European Parliament, in media partner Global Wind Day wouldn’t be Global Who are they and why do they support Recharge magazine - and of course, in Wind Day without a vast range of events wind energy? Find out more on Wind Directions. The closing date is 5 May. being planned on several different www.globalwindday.org ■

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 55 | new members |

EWEA welcomes new members

AgustaWestland S.p.A. (Italy) missioned, 66 MW under construction, successful Egeres Enerji Dan. (Turkey) AgustaWestland, a Finmeccanica Company, has exits of numerous projects (YE 2012) and a signifi - Egeres is a met mast manufacturer and related the widest and most modern range of rotorcraft to cant pipeline of near term projects, our proven track services provider, manufacturing high quality wind meet vertical lift requirements. AgustaWestland has record spans every aspect of the industry. We fi nance measurement masts which fully comply with the its main operations in Italy, the UK, Poland and the our equity requirements internally through our own IEC 61400 12 1 standards. As of the end of 2012, USA, and has a global presence through its net- CE Energy Fund. around 100 measurement masts on different sites work of industrial partners, regional headquarters, www.ceeag.com in Turkey, Europe, Asia have been installed. Towers customer support centres and service centres. are 60m tubular and up to 140m lattice. www.agustawestland.com CELME S.R.L (Italy) www.egeres.com.tr CELME S.R.L. is since 1964 a reliable transformer akademia wiatru sp. zo.o. (Poland) manufacturer, well known in the market of renew- FLEXTRONICS INTERNATIONAL (United States) akademia wiatru sp. z o. o. (the wind academy) able energies for the quality of the products and for As a socially-responsible, global leader in design, offers safety training courses for wind energy (work- the high capacity to meet customers’ requirements. manufacturing, distribution and aftermarket ser- ing at heights, manual handling, fi re awareness, CELME can support its customers with offshore and vices, Flextronics is unique in its ability to provide fi rst aid, sea survival etc), interactive workshops, onshore plants, according to IEC or ANSI norms. end-to-end solutions through its innovative and seminars for the industry, and a wind energy re- www.celmesrl.com proprietary systems — all to enhance customer cruitment portal. competitiveness and success. With an unmatched www.akademiawiatru.pl Centrum Rozwoju Energetyki (Poland) global presence, customers are supported with Centrum Rozwoju Energetyki (CRE) is a fast growing unprecedented speed in product ramp-up, delivery, Ampelmann Operations B.V. (The Netherlands) company focused on implementation, development and the ability to manage volume regardless of The Ampelmann motion compensating gangway and management of the investments in wind power complexity or product mix. enables crew transfers in adverse weather con- and other renewable energy sources. CRE offers www.fl extronics.com ditions (up to Hs 3m). An average of 16,000 comprehensive engineering, fi nancial and project transfers per month, resulted in zero LTIs (lost management advisory in the complete process of de- High Voltage Partial Discharge LTD. (United time incidents). Cost reductions are achieved by signing and installation of wind turbines, photovoltaic Kingdom) extending weather windows and asset utilisation. systems, Waste to Energy and biomass technologies. High Voltage Partial Discharge Ltd (HVPD) are ex- Ampelmann Operations BV provides fl exible rental www.c-re.pl perts in On-line Partial Discharge (OLPD) insulation packages including operators. condition monitoring technology for high voltage www.ampelmann.nl CPIC/FIBERGLASS (France) (HV) cables and plant. Our OLPD technologies are CPIC is one of the major glass fi bre producers glob- used to support Condition-Based Management BAXENERGY GMBH (Germany) ally. It has reinforcement solutions for wind energy (CBM) schemes applied to both medium (3.3 kV to BAXENERGY GMBH has a proven track record with industrial with different glass compositions such as 36 kV) and high voltage (66 kV+) power networks. providing leading edge solutions for the renewable most commercialised E glass, boron free ECT glass www.hvpd.co.uk energy market. Our international team is highly and high performance TM glass. All glass types can qualifi ed to design, develop, install and maintain be applied with epoxy or UPE compatible sizings. Meventus AS (Norway) software solutions that are used to visualise, ana- www.cpicfi ber.com Meventus is an international company with of- lyse and optimise renewable energy power plants. fi ces in Norway and Denmark, specialising in www.baxenergy.com DCNS-Incubateur (France) wind measurement, wind and site and asset DCNS is now an innovator in energy. More specifi - management services. Our fi elds of expertise are CE Energy Holding AG (Austria) cally, the group aims to play a leading role in the in complex terrain and we are delivering services Founded in 2004, CE Energy Holding AG has emerging fi eld of marine renewable energy (MRE). throughout Europe. Meventus offers leasing of evolved into an experienced developer, investor, Although still at an early stage, the MRE market of- wind measurement masts, LIDAR and power sup- turn-key supplier and operator of wind projects fers excellent prospects. ply solutions. throughout Emerging Europe. With 128 MW com- www.dcnsgroup.com www.meventus.com

56 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 | new members |

Events

Mitsui & Co. Benelux SA/NV (Belgium) Renergys GmbH (Austria) www.mitsui.com/be/en/index.html Experienced technical offi ce for wind and photovoltaic project development / EPC all over central and eastern Mitsui Global Strategic Studies Institute - MGSSI Europe. References more than 300MW wind and more EWEA OFFSHORE 2013 (Japan) than 100MWp in photovoltaic: Austria, Germany, Po- 19 – 21 November 2013 Established in October 1991 as a 100% subsidiary of land, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Frankfurt, Germany Mitsui & Co., Ltd. as Mitsui’s own “think-tank”, support Kosovo, Macedonia, Croatia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, www.ewea.org/events for corporate strategic planning division. “Research” and Slovakia. Trademark ‘My Energy’: RES solutions E-mail:[email protected] and “Business Planning & Development” are the main and e-Mobility. Tel: +32 2 213 1860 activities, from basic research up to project planning & www.renergys.at implementation. www.mitsui.mgssi.com Seahealth Denmark (Denmark) Seahealth Denmark provides assistance to ships Ningbo Ketian Magnet Co., LTD (China) ranging from supply/specialist vessels in the offshore Ketian Magnet Co., Ltd, as a professional Nd-Fe-B rare wind industry to tankers, bulk, container and pas- EWEA 2014 Annual Event earth magnet manufacturer, has been specialising senger ships. We have specialist knowledge of working 10 – 13 March 2014 in Nd-Fe-B material research, technology innovation, in the maritime fi eld. We work to boost safety, health, Barcelona, Spain application exploration and production automation. effi ciency, motivation and well-being. We focus on your www.ewea.org/annual2014 Through years of development, our current annual challenges and your benefi ts. Email: [email protected] capacity has reached 3000 tons and the grades which www.seahealth.dk Tel: +32 2 213 1860 have been mass produced cover all series: N52, 50M, 48H, 45SH, 40UH, 38EH, 33AH, etc. Vryhof Anchors BV (The Netherlands) www.kt-magnet.com Vryhof Anchors is the world’s leading designer and manufacturer of ultra-high holding power drag anchors Orchis Planning Agency Ecology (Austria) for use in a wide range of offshore applications includ- ORCHIS offers Animal-Risk-Management in Wind ing wind energy. Stevpris Mk6, Stevshark Mk5 and Farms with international environmental technology: We Stevmanta VLA are well known brand names used implement advanced Self-Working-Systems in Wind worldwide. Farms to reduce Bird and Bat Mortality with Deterring-, www.vryhof.com Stop Control-, Collision Control- and Lighting-Modules. ORCHIS provides a full service package from projecting Windhoist Ltd (United Kingdom) the appropriate Self-working-Systems up to internet- Windhoist is a leading wind turbine installation based Monitoring and Data-Analysis when operating. contractors offering heavy cranage and electrical/me- www.orchis.at chanical services to principal suppliers in the global market. Our services are based on a long-established POWER Engineers, Inc. (United States) and successfully proven integrated carnage and instal- POWER Engineers is a multinational consulting fi rm lation package that has now become the model for the providing owner’s and independent engineering servic- European and UK wind industry. es, detailed engineering design for civil and electrical www.windhoist.co.uk works for substations, transmission lines and SCADA systems and environmental services. Also performs construction management and monitoring, interconnection support, and electrical studies. Clients include developers, IPPs, constructors, and OEMs. www.powereng.com

WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 57 | the last word |

Winning social acceptance – lessons from the mobile and solar industries

t’s not often that a business community gets a result. But despite these signifi cant challenges, Ithe opportunity to enjoy the kind of commercial both are emerging with the ultimate prize: social potential that the wind industry has seen in recent acceptance. years. Signifi cant technological developments, There are a number of drivers behind such sub- rapid industry growth, supply chain optimisation, stantial industry growth, but it is no coincidence consistent feats of engineering genius - this is the that both examples coincide with an invested, and story of wind energy. But despite this success, successful, communications push. communicating the industry’s achievements and I believe that there are fi ve main communica- securing on-going political, investor and social actions lessons that wind can learn from these two ceptance is proving increasingly diffi cult. industries which will help re-secure social accept- Arthur Page, one of the forefathers of public re- ance and drive commercial growth. I’ll be expand- lations, once stated that in democracies “All busi- ing on each of these in my session at the EWEA ness begins with public permission and exists by 2013 Annual Event on Thursday morning, but public approval”. For the wind industry, this public these broadly boil down to: By Richard Fogg, approval is essential for securing policy and invest- 1. Select a single conductor: Identify one credible Managing Director, CCgroup ment stability to help drive future development and and confi dent party to lead industry communica- maintain support in the face of emerging ‘quick tions efforts – support and amplify that party’s win’ energy alternatives. The problem is that wind voice energy is starting to lose public approval. 2. Consistent messaging and rebuttal is critical: In the UK, between 2003 and 2012 support Agree strong, consistent messages for use for greater wind development dropped from 85% by ALL the community; defi ne key points for to 55% according to reputable polls. This 30 point rebuttal to predictable accusations and arm the drop doesn’t come as a huge surprise given the community to respond increasingly powerful anti-lobby and the negative 3. Collaborate to compete: Competitors must media coverage the wind industry is receiving. In work together in order to secure the market that a recent study CCgroup revealed that 58% of wind they’ll compete for in future- invest in mutually coverage in the British national media is negative. benefi cial communications Turning the tide of this declining social acceptance 4. Be a good citizen… : Demonstrate the positive is, to my mind, the most critical challenge facing societal impacts and potential of wind – in both wind today. developing and developed markets Reassuringly, wind is not the only industry that 5. …and an evil competitor: Seize opportunities to has had to undergo such a communications fi ght ruthlessly point out the limitations and dangers back. In the last decade CCgroup team members of competing approaches have worked with two other promising industries It is undeniable that the wind industry has the to successfully negotiate a similar communica- potential to achieve phenomenal things. But this tions battle. They were the mobile and solar PV potential will remain just that if we do not crack the industries. communications challenge. I’m buoyed by the fact Mobile was repeatedly plagued by negative that issues such as public acceptance are being publicity surrounding potential health impacts acknowledged on major conference agendas. It is and accusations that the industry was ripping off a promising sign that the industry recognises the consumers. A similar communications battle faced value of effective communications for the commu- solar PV after claims that the technology wasn’t nity and the businesses that operate within it. aesthetically appealing, was leaning too heavily Richard Fogg will be presenting at the EWEA 2013 Annual Event, on the public purse and did not provide justifi able at 9:00 on Thursday 7 February at the session ‘Social acceptance: fi nancial returns on investment. Both industries lessons in how to achieve it’. faced policy, planning and investment problems as More information: www.ewea.org/annual2013 ■

58 WIND DIRECTIONS | February 2013 Advertising booking form 2013

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