Arctic insect herbivory current knowledge and future directions
AARHUS INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED STUDIES Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU AARHUS UNIVERSITY Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 Why study Arctic insect herbivory?
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 Why study insect herbivory?
Spatio-temporal dynamics of herbivory Latitudinal, altitudinal and within-canopy gradients in levels of herbivory Outbreak dynamics Vegetation responses Vegetation regime shifts Plant physiological responses Effects on shrub expansion rates Forestry in the boreal zone Herbivore and natural enemy dynamics Population regulation Parasitoid, generalist predators and pathogenetic fungi AU Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim Broader ecosystem effectsSenior Researcher 04 December 2014 Knock-on effects on e.g. insectivorous birds and saproxylic beetles Interactions with climate, avian and mammalian herbivores A Latitudinal gradient in herbivory? Moles et al. (2011)Moles al. et Functional
Ecology
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 What about insect herbivory?
B. pubescens Kozlov (2008) B. pendula Climatic Change
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 Outbreak dynamics and spatial synchrony in sweden Alpine Research Alpine Young (2014) al. et Arctic , , Antarctic and and
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 (2011) Global Change ( al. et Jepsen Climate change and Range expansions of geometrid moths Winter moth moving northwards 2008) Journal of Animal
Agriopis aurantiaria expanding Biology from southern to northern Norway Eclogy ; Jepsen et al. al. et Jepsen ;
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 Spatial variation in herbivorySouth facing North facing Betula pubescens 0.5 m Tenow 1.5 - 2m (1990) Meddelelser om Gr (1990) Meddelelser
Salix glauca ø nland
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014
Percentage of grazed shoots Regional variation in insect outbreaks
Well documented in Fennoscandia
Reports on planted Pinus Halldorsson sylvestris in Iceland Recent reports of Eurois occulta
outbreaks reported in West al. et Greenland in 2004/5 & 2010/11, sporadic older reports. SCI. (2013) AGRIC. ICEL. Spruce budworm in Canada and recently in Alaska Sporadic accounts from taiga areas in Russia
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 press vs pulse insect herbivory Functional feeding groups
Galling (e.g. eriophyoid 1981-2000 (2008) al. et Wolf mites) Sap feeding (e.g aphids) Leaf-mining Seed/flower predation
Leaf defoliation (e.g. Climatic moth larvae) 2071-2090 Change
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 Vegetation regime shifts Karlsen et al. (2013) al. et Karlsen Oecologia
Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim AU Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 Interaction with mammalian (2013) al. et (2004) al. et Journal of Herder Applied Den herbivores
Pikas forage predominantly Biology
in areas Letters affected by invertebrate herbivores Mammalian herbivores
reduce Ecology invertebrate herbivores (leaf Barrio, beetles and
AUgall-inducingAarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim saw flies (den Senior Researcher 04 December 2014 Herder et al. 2004) Future directions
Spatio-temporal dynamics of herbivory Extend Fennoscandian ‘outbreak’ studies to other regions (e.g. Greenland) Establish ‘early warning’ system to allow mapping of spatial extent of outbreaks in new regions Establish hubs for integrated insect herbivory research (e.g. the herbivory network) Vegetation responses Integration of insect herbivory into plant monitoring programs (e.g. for assessments of shrub expansion rates) Herbivore and natural enemy dynamics Standard trapping/collection protocols for arthropods (e.g. for future DNA-based identification) AU Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim Broader ecosystem effectsSenior Researcher 04 December 2014 Exclosures to study interaction with other herbivore groups AU Aarhus University Toke Thomas Høye ABA Congress, Trondheim ThanksSenior for Researcher your04 December attention 2014