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Gradu05253.Pdf (804.7Kt) Siina Vieri Seksuaalisisältöisen mangan valinnasta, sijainnista ja luetteloinnista yleisissä kirjastoissa Tampereen yliopisto Informaatiotieteiden yksikkö Informaatiotutkimus ja interaktiivinen media Pro gradu-tutkielma Kesäkuu 2011 TAMPEREEN YLIOPISTO Informaatiotieteiden yksikkö VIERI, SIINA: Aah, kimochi!: Seksuaalisisältöisen mangan valinnasta, sijainnista ja luetteloinnista yleisissä kirjastoissa Pro gradu -tutkielma, 109 s. + 6 liitesivua Informaatiotutkimus ja interaktiivinen media Kesäkuu 2011 ______________________________________________________________________________ Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella seksuaalisisältöistä mangaa, mitä se on ja kuinka sitä kirjastoissa käsitellään. Tutkimuksessa avattiin mangan ”kääntöpuolta” ja verrattiin sitä muuhun seksuaalisisältöiseen sarjakuvaan, kirjallisuuteen ja taiteeseen. Pääpaino oli pyrkiä tarjoamaan toimivia käytäntöjä kirjastoille siitä, miten materiaalin valinta, sijainti ja luettelointi olisi suoritettava, jotta kirjastot kantaisivat vastuunsa ja palvelisivat asiakkaita parhaalla mahdollisella tavalla. Lopuksi pohdittiin myös vuoden 2003 Dragon Ball -pedofiliakohua ja sitä kuinka uusi moraalinen paniikki voidaan välttää, kun huomioidaan seksuaalisisältöisen mangan valinta, sijainti ja luettelointi kirjastoissa. Tutkimuksen aineistona oli PIKI- ja HelMet-verkkokirjastojen tietokannat ja niistä erityisesti luettelointitiedot ja asiasanoitus. Näiden lisäksi tutkimuksen menetelminä oli fyysinen havainnointi miten seksuaalisisältöinen manga on järjestetty eri kirjastoissa pääasiassa Tampereella. Havainnoinnin kesto oli pari vuotta. Näin vältyttiin hetkellisiltä vääriltä hyllysijainneilta ja samalla nähtiin kuinka uudet sarjat suhteutettiin jo hyllyissä oleviin. Tukiaineistona oli seksuaalisisältöisiä manga-pokkareita ja -sarjoja, joilla havainnollistettiin millainen materiaali on kyseessä. Samalla listattiin mitä seksuaalisisältöisiä manga-pokkareita tai -sarjoja kirjastoista löytyy. Seksuaalisisältöisen mangan valinnassa on huomioitava sisältö ja mitä tietoa siitä on tarjolla. Mikäli kirjastoissa riittää kysyntää tämän tyyppiselle materiaalille, ei ole olemassa lakia, joka kieltäisi sen hankinnan. Sen sijaan, että hankinnat tehdään ilman suunnitelmaa, olisi seksuaalisisältöisen mangan suhteen kehitettävä hankintapolitiikka sen sijaan, että hankinnan tekevät yksittäiset työntekijät omista tai pelkistä asiakkaiden intresseistä. Kirjaston ei itse sovi harrastaa sensuuria - tarjolla on seksuaalisisältöistä kirjallisuutta ja siksi manga ei voi olla poikkeus. Hyllysijainneissa on suuria eroja kirjastojen välillä. On tärkeä suhteuttaa mangan sijainti muun sarjakuvan sijaintiin sekä tarkistaa mangan ikäraja tai -suositus. Manga-pokkareilla on nykyisin ikärajat tai -suositukset painettuina niiden takakanteen. Ne antavat vihjeen siitä kenelle manga on suunnattu ja millaista sen sisältö on. Seksuaalisisältöisestä mangasta löytyy useita pokkareita, joiden ikärajat tai -suositukset ilmaisevat, että manga ei sovi alle 16- tai 18-vuotiaille. Vaikka kyseessä ei olekaan laki, sillä pitäisi silti olla merkitystä kirjastoille. Luettelointitiedoissa ja asiasanoituksessa ei usein huomioida mangan seksuaalisisältöisyyttä. Kaunokin asiasanat eivät riitä kuvaamaan mangan maailmaa, jonka kulttuuriperinne on meille vieras. Jotta seksuaalisisältöinen manga ei päädy väärin käsiin, olisi materiaalin sisältö huomioitava myös luettelointitiedoissa, kuten huomautuskentässä ja asiasanoissa, jolloin lukija tietäisi ennakkoon mitä on lainaamassa. On hyvin mahdollista, että uusi Dragon Ball -kohu on tuloillaan, kun sarjakuvat koetaan taas vaarallisiksi. Mikäli kirjastot toimivat valinnan, sijainnin ja luetteloinnin kanssa oikein, voivat ne todeta, että ovat kantaneet vastuunsa ja käsitelleet materiaalia oikein. Avainsanat: manga, seksuaalisisältöisyys, kirjastot, valinta, sijainti, luettelointi ESIPUHE Haluaisin kiittää Ida Lindholmia, joka kiireistään huolimatta ehti kuvittaa työn kannen. Tämä tutkimus ei olisi valmistunut ilman Katja Valaskiven (Tampereen yliopisto), Cathy Camperin (Multnomah County Library, Oregon), Otto Sinisalon (Suomen Sarjakuvaseura), Jenny Kangasvuon (Oulun yliopisto) ja Leeni Lehtiön (Tampereen yliopisto) apua ja kiinnostusta tätä työtä kohtaan. Suuri kiitos myös kaikille muille, jotka antoivat neuvojaan ja mielipiteitään – mitään niistä ei ole unohdettu! Tampereella 01.06.2011 Siina Vieri 1 JOHDANTO .................................................................................................................................... 6 2 MANGA, NOUSEVAN AURINGON MAAN PERINTÖ ......................................................... 13 2.1 HISTORIA .................................................................................................................................. 13 2.2 MANGAN SAAPUMINEN LÄNSIMAIHIN ....................................................................................... 17 2.3 MUUNMAALAINEN MANGA? ...................................................................................................... 18 3 SEKSUAALISISÄLTÖINEN MANGA ...................................................................................... 20 3.1 SEKSUAALISISÄLTÖINEN MANGA TERMINÄ ............................................................................... 20 3.2 SEKSUAALISISÄLTÖINEN TAIDE JAPANISSA ............................................................................... 21 3.3 SEKSUAALISISÄLTÖINEN JA PORNOGRAFINEN MANGA ............................................................... 23 3.4 SEKSUAALISISÄLTÖISEN MANGAN ELEMENTIT .......................................................................... 26 3.4.1 Kauneus ja sukupuolen vaihtaminen................................................................................. 26 3.4.1.1 Bishoonenit ja transgender-ihmiset ..................................................................... 26 3.4.1.2 Futanarit................................................................................................................... 28 3.4.2 Mystiset lonkerot ja antropomorfiset olennot ................................................................... 29 3.5 SEKSUAALISISÄLTÖISEN MANGAN ALA-GENRET ........................................................................ 30 3.5.1 Miehille ja naisille suunnattu pornografinen manga ........................................................ 30 3.5.1.1 Ero-manga, seijin ja hentai ................................................................................... 30 3.5.1.2 Redikomi .................................................................................................................. 32 3.5.2 Poikien- ja miestenvälisestä rakkaudesta ......................................................................... 33 3.5.2.1 Shoonen-ai, yaoi ja BL .......................................................................................... 33 3.5.2.2 Seme ja uke ............................................................................................................ 36 3.5.2.3 Bara .......................................................................................................................... 38 3.5.3 Tyttöjen- ja naistenvälisestä rakkaudesta ......................................................................... 39 3.5.3.1 Yuri ........................................................................................................................... 39 3.5.3.2 Shoojo-ai ................................................................................................................. 40 3.5.4 Tuhmat lapset .................................................................................................................... 41 3.5.4.1 Kawaii ja nuoruus ................................................................................................... 42 3.5.4.2 Lolicon ...................................................................................................................... 43 3.5.4.3 Shotacon ................................................................................................................. 44 4 TUTKIMUSKYSYMYKSET JA AINEISTO ............................................................................ 46 5 MANGA SUOMESSA JA KIRJASTOISSA .............................................................................. 52 5.1 MANGA-MARKKINAT ................................................................................................................ 52 5.2 MANGA LAINATTAVANA ........................................................................................................... 54 6 MANGAN JA SEKSUAALISISÄLTÖISEN MANGAN KÄSITTELY .................................. 56 6.1 MANGAN ONGELMASISÄLTÖ ..................................................................................................... 56 6.1.1 Seksuaalisisältöisyys mangassa ........................................................................................ 56 6.1.2 Seksuaalisisältöisyyden rajoittaminen .............................................................................. 59 6.1.3 Seksuaalisisältöinen manga Suomessa ja kirjastoissa ...................................................... 61 6.2 VALINTA ................................................................................................................................... 65 6.2.1 Kokoelmapolitiikka ........................................................................................................... 65 6.2.2 Seksuaalisuus, erotiikka ja pornografia...........................................................................
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