2015-16

SONITPUR DISTRICT INVENTORY OF AGRICULTURE

KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA AAU,NAPAM Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16

SONITPUR DISTRICT

Inventory of Agriculture

2015-2016

Krishi Vigyan Kendra AAU, Sonitpur Napam, Pin-784028

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16

~~ Correct Citation ~~

Sonitpur District Inventory of Agriculture Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Sonitpur

~~ Published by ~~ Krishi Vigyan Kendra,Sonitpur

~~ Compiled by ~~ Ms. Sarmistha Borgohain

~~ Edited by ~~ Dr. P.C Deka Mr. Anjan Sarmah Dr.Bhrigu Kr Neog Ms. Popy Mr.Himadri Shekhar Datta Mr. Rituparna Pegu Ms. Sarmistha Borgohain

~~Settings by ~~ Ms. Sarmistha Borgohain

~~ Contact ~~ Programme Coordinator Krishi Vigyan Kendra AAU,Napam,Sonitpur Email : [email protected] Mob: 9435521447 Phone :03712-267089

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16

Contents

Chapter-1 : District at a Glance

a. Climate

b. Topography

c. Forests

d. Water Resources

e. Demography

f. Culture and Education

g. Health care sector

h. Banking and allied sectors

i. Local bodies and rural development

Chapter-2 : Existing agriculture Scenario of the district

a. Crops

b. Livestock

c. Fisheries

Chapter-3 : Constraints in Agriculture Production

a. Crops

b. Livestock

c. Fisheries

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Chapter-4 : Institutional support for Agricultural development in the district

a. Crops

1. Department of Agriculture

2. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Sonitpur

3. Agriculture Technology Management Agency(ATMA)

4. North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management(NERIWALM)

5. Biswanath College of Agriculture(BNCA)

6. Lead Bank

7. Other Banking institutions

8. Farmers Clubs

b. Livestock

1. Department of Animal Husbandry

2. Department of Dairy Development

c. Fisheries

1. Department of Fisheries

Chapter-5 : Research and Development Organization relevant to District Agriculture

a. Crops 1. Regional Agricultural Research Station, 2. Horticultural Research Station,Kahikuchi

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3. Agricultural University, 4. Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson, Dergaon 5. Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur 6. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, New Delhi 7. National Seeds Corporation,New Delhi 8. Small Farmers Agri Business Consotium,New Delhi 9. State Horticulture Mission,Assam 10. North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi)

b. Livestock

1. College of Veterinary Science, AAU , Khanapara 2. Goat Research Station, Burnihat, Kamrup(M), Assam 3. Livestock Research Station, Mandira, Kamrup,Assam 4. College of Veterinary Science, AAU, North Lakhimpur

c. Fisheries

1. Central Inland Fisheries Research Insitute,Barrackpore

2. National Fisheries Development Board,Hyderabad

Chapter-6 : Plans and schemes for promotion of Agriculture

a. Crops

1. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development(NABARD)

2. Rubber Board

3. Spices Board

4. National Horticulture Board

5. Centrally sponsored schemes 6 KVK,SONITPUR

District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16

b. Livestock

1. Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project

2. National Project for Cattle and Buffalo Breeding

3. Coordinated Cattle Breeding Project

4. Schemes for Women

5. Dairy Development

6. Integrated Dairy Development Project

7. Rastriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY)

8. Milk Village Scheme

c. Fisheries

1. Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project

2. State Plan

3. National Fisheries Development Board

Chapter-7 : Farm Machinery suitable to the District

1. Tractors

2. Power Tiller

3. Self propelled Paddy Transplanter

4. Reaper and Reaper binder

5. Bed Planter

6. Seed Dressing Drum

7. Maize Planter

8. Small combine Harvester

9. Rotary Weeder

10. Hydraulically operated Power Harrow

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Chapter-8 : Annexure

1. i. Telephone directory of important agriculture offices in Sonitpur district.

ii. Contact persons of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department in Sonitpur district.

iii. Contact persons of Fisheries department in Sonitpur district.

2. Average nutrient content of common manures and fertilizers

3. Preparation of safer pesticides for common use

List of figures:

Fig 1 a: Location of Sonitpur district Fig 1 b: Map of Tehasils/blocks of Sonitpur District

Fig 2 : Location of Panchayats(Block wise) of Sonitpur District

Fig 3 : Percent of land area under different categories in Sonitpur district

Fig 4 : Cropped area under irrigation in Sonitpur District

Fig 5: Sources of irrigation in Sonitpur District

List of tables

Table 1 : Climate of Sonitpur District Table 2 : Details of forests in Sonitpur District Table 3 : Population and literacy figures in Sonitpur District(2011) Table 4 : (a) Name of Sub-Division of Sonitpur District (b) Name of Revenue Circle of Sonitpur District (c) Name of Mouza of Sonitpur District (d) Name of Development Blocks of Sonitpur District 8 KVK,SONITPUR

District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16

Table 5 : Land Use pattern of Sonitpur district

Table 6 : Soil type of the district

Table 7 : Area,production and productivity of major crops of Sonitpur district

Table 8 : Livestock production in Sonitpur district

Table 9 : Factors affecting productivity of major crops of Sonitpur district

Table 10 : Major offices for livestock development in Sonitpur district

Table 11 : Schemes and plans under Crop/Livestock/Fisheries sector in Sonitpur District

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Chapter- 1

District at a glance

Sonitpur is an administrative district of Assam. It was created in 1983 when it was bifurcated from erstwhile . It stands among the largest districts of Assam. In terms of area Sonitpur is the second largest district of Assam after . It is spread over an area of 5324 km on the northern banks of Brahmaputra, the lifeline of Assam. The population of Sonitpur district is 19, 24,110 as per 2011 Census. It is the third most populous district of Assam, after and . The demography of Sonitpur district is not entirely homogenous as several linguistic, religious and ethnic communities and groups live in Sonitpur district.

It is also home to several natural beauty and wildlife hotspots with number of such wildlife sanctuaries, national parks are situated in and around Sonitpur. The district headquarters are located at Tezpur. The distance from State Capital () is 198 km (via Nagaon) and 181 km (via Mangaldoi).

The name Tezpur is derived from the words 'Teza' (meaning blood) and 'Pura' (meaning town or city). Legend said that the original name of this place was 'Sonitpur' ("sonit" in Sanskrit also means blood), the capital of asura king, , a devout of . Later his daughter Usha had a Gandharva marriage with , the grandson of Lord Krishna, whom she had abducted with the help of . On finding this Banasura imprisoned Aniruddha. Subsequently, in the battle between Krishna's army and Banasura's army fought for the rescue of Aniruddha, the grandson of Lord Krishna, according to legend, there was so much bloodshed that the whole place was stained in red.This led to the name of the place becoming Tezpur. It is the "seventh largest city" of Assam after , , , Jorhat, Nagaon and .

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Fig 1 (a): Location of Sonitpur district

a) Climate :

Sonitpur District falls in the Sub-Tropical climatic region, and enjoys Monsoon type of climate. Summers are hot and humid, with an average temperature of 29° C. The highest

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 temperature is recorded just prior to the onset of Monsoon (around May-early June). Summer rain is heavy, and is principally caused from late June to early September by the moisture-laden South-West Monsoon, on striking the Himalayan foothills of the north. Such rain is both a boon and a bane for the people. A boon, for it provides natural irrigation to the fields; and a bane, as it causes the rivers to overflow their banks and cause floods. Autumns are dry, and warm. It gets cooler as the months progress. Winters extend from the month of October to February, and are cold and generally dry, with an average temperature of 16° C. It gets quite chilling in late December and early January, on account of snowfall in the upper reaches of . Springs are cool and pleasant, occurring in the months of late March and April. Of course, during these months, flash rains and thunderstorms are at times caused by cyclonic winds, known in local parlance as Bordoichila.

Table 1: The average rainfall, temperature and humidity of the district.

Relative Humidity Temperature 0C Month Rainfall (mm) (%) Maximum Minimum Jan 21.1 24.1 10.0 79.2 Feb 22.4 25.8 12.3 72.0 March 52.3 29.7 16.0 64.8 April 147.6 30.3 19.5 73.7 May 290.4 31.0 22.0 78.2 June 354.7 32.1 24.4 75.3 July 375.9 32.2 24.8 84.4 Aug 322.2 32.7 24.9 83.6 Sep 237.9 31.9 24.1 85.2 Oct 116.2 30.8 21.1 82.0 Nov 24.0 28.4 15.6 78.4 Dec 14.0 25.1 11.2 79.9

b) Topography: The topographical conditions of the district mainly deal with the soil types, slope and relief, drainage, water bodies, vegetation and land use pattern. The alluvial soil is found in different patches of the district. Slope and relief pattern of the district is almost even and 12 KVK,SONITPUR

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could rather be said as plain topography. In most parts of the district the elevation varies between 70 and 100 metres from mean sea level, and in some places contour line reaches up to 480 metres. Sonitpur district has a number of big and small rivers flowing down from the hilly terrains of Arunachal Pradesh. The rivers are bestowed with continuous flow of water during non-rainy season. But, in the monsoon season some of the rivers experience high water level which creates flood havoc in human inhabited areas. Numerous water bodies are also distributed in every corner of the district. Different types of natural wetlands and marshy lands are found in the district. Besides, most of the households have small ponds in their campus, which are dug as fisheries.

c) Forests : The jurisdiction of the Sonitpur West F.D.A. covers territorial jurisdiction of Sonitpur West Forest Division, Tezpur which falls under Sonitpur District .This district is situated in the central part of the state of Assam .This division covers approximately an area of 2100 Sq Km,out of which notified forests are 440.67 Sq Km.It has four functional Ranges namely, Sadar Range with HQ at Tezpur, Centrel Range at Ameribari, Chariduar Range with HQ at Chariduar and Range at Dhekiajuli.It is headed by one D.C.F who is assisted by four nos of A.C.F.

Table 2: Details of forests in Sonitpur District

A brief description of the Divisions :- 1.Notified Forests with area :- 44,067 ha. 2. Ranges and Beats :-

Ranges Beat/Sub-Beat

Dhekiajuli Range Hugrajuli Beat

Batashipur Beat

Singri Sub-Beat

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Charduar Range Bhalukpong Sub-Beat

Gamani Sub-Beat

Central Range Gabharu Beat

Sadar Range Bhomoraguri Sub-Beat

Source : D.F.O., Sonitpur Division, Sonitpur

d) Water Resources : The major rivers are Brahmaputra, Jiabharali, Gabharu,Borgang & Buroi. forms the south boundary of the district. A number of rivers which originate in the Himalayan foothills flow southwards and ultimately fall in Brahmaputra River.

In the Tezpur Sadar sub-division:

Pachnai , Belsiri, Gabharu (and its sub-tributary -Rupai),Bhorali (and its sub-tributaries Upper Dikorai and Bor Dikorai)

In the sub-division:

Ghiladhari (serving as the sub-divisional boundary),Burhigang,Borgang,Bihali

In the sub-division:

Buroi (serving as the sub-divisional boundary),Kharoi,Balijan,Morno

e) Demography:

As per census during 2011, Sonitpur had population of 1,924,110 of which male and female were 983,904 and 940,206 respectively. In 2001 census, Sonitpur had a population of 1,665,125 of which males were 863,298 and remaining 801,827 were females. Sonitpur District population constituted 6.17 percent of total Maharashtra population. In 2001 14 KVK,SONITPUR

District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 census, this figure for Sonitpur District was at 6.25 percent of Maharashtra population. There was change of 15.55 percent in the population compared to population as per 2001. In the previous census of 2001, Sonitpur District recorded increase of 18.11 percent to its population compared to 1991.

Table 3 : Population and literacy figures in Sonitpur (as per 2011 census)

Actual Population 1,924,110

Male 983,904

Female 940,206

Population Growth 15.55%

Area Sq. Km 5,204

Density/km2 370

Proportion to Assam Population 6.17%

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 956

Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Age) 966

Average Literacy 67.34

Male Literacy 73.65

Female Literacy 60.73

Total Child Population (0-6 Age) 277,862

Male Population (0-6 Age) 141,353

Female Population (0-6 Age) 136,509

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Literates 1,108,572

Male Literates 620,525

Female Literates 488,047

Child Proportion (0-6 Age) 14.44%

Boys Proportion (0-6 Age) 14.37%

Girls Proportion (0-6 Age) 14.52%

f) Culture and education:

Sonitpur, like the rest of the nation, witnessed the amalgamation of different cultures of different peoples at different times. Along with the natural evolution of the indigenous Assamese culture, several cultural traits of different subsequent groups which were assimilated in it added to its lustre and bounty. Tezpur can be described as the cultural capital of Assam. Every landscape of Tezpur reflects its rich cultural heritage since time immemorial.

Tezpur was a cradle to three doyens of Assamese Culture:

Rupkonwar Jyotiprasad Agarwala, Kalaguru Bishnu Prasad Rava,and Natasurya . Apart from its rich cultural heritage, the district provides a better environment for education. The district has 1769 junior basic school/primary schools, 478 senior basic school/ middle schools, 266 high schools and 44 higher secondary schools, 13 colleges, 1 ITI , 1 Central University and one medical college for better growth and development of students.

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 g) Health care sector : The district has 1 mental hospital, 6 hospitals, 23 Primary Health Centre, 11 dispensaries and 294 sub-centres.

h) Banking and allied sectors :

There are many nationalized banks and private sector banks in the district. Among the nationalized banks are the Central Bank of India, United Bank of India, Bank of Baroda etc are available in the entire district. The UCO bank is the lead bank of Sonitpur district and has 85 branhces. The district has 17 commercial banks, 1 rural bank and 1 cooperative bank.

i) Local bodies and rural development:

 Headquarter : Tezpur  Number of Sub-Divisions : 3  Number of Revenue Circles/ Tehsils : 7  Number of Mouza : 26  Number of Community Development(C.D.) Blocks : 14  Number of Police Stations : 11  No. of Anchalik Panchayats : 14  Name of Gaon Panchayats : 158  Number of Villages : 1615 (including 19 under BTAD)  Number of Towns : 5  Names of Towns : Tezpur, Dhekiajuli, , Biswanath Chariali, Gohpur  Number of Municipality Board: 2  Number of Town Committees : 3  Number of Police District : 2 (Sonitpur Police District & Biswanth Police District)

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Table 4: (a) Name of Sub-Divisions :

Sl No. Name of the Sub-Division Headquater Tezpur (Sadar) Tezpur 1 Biswanath Biswanath Chariali 2 Gohpur Gohpur 3

Fig 1 (b): Map of tehsils of Sonitpur District

Table 4: (b) Name of Revenue Circles/Tehsils :

Sl No. Name of Revenue Circles

1 Tezpur

2 Dhekiajuli

3 Chariduar

4 Naduar

5 Biswanath Chariali

6 Gohpur

7 Helem

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Table 4: (c) Name of Mouza :

Sl No. Name of Mouza Mahabhairab 1 Bhairabpad 2 Haleswar 3

4 Bihaguri Naharbari 5 Bargung 6 Borchala 7 Missamari 8

9 Garoimari Balipara 10 Bahbari 11 Chariduar 12 Nagsankar 13 Murhadal 14 15 Chilabandha 16 Barbhogia 17 Baghmara 18 Biswanath 19

20 Sakomatha Behali 21 22 Gohpur Kalongpur 23

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Brahmajan 24 Helem 25 Kalongpur 26

Fig 1 b: Location of Development Blocks

Table 3: (d) Name of Development Block

Sl No. Name of the Blocks 1 Dhekiajuli Development Block 2 Borchala Development Block 3 Gabharu Development Block 4 Bihaguri Development Block 5 Balipara Development Block 6 Rangapara Development Block 7 Naduar Development Block

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8 Sootea Development Block 9 Biswanath Development Block 10 Sokomatha Development Block 11 Behali Development Block 12 Baghmara Development Block 13 Chaiduar Development Block 14 Pub-Chaiduar Dev. Block.

Fig 2. Location of Panchayats of Sonitpur District(Block wise)

Sopai Rakhashmari

Amiyopur

Panbari

Bahbera

New Bhatachipur Bamun Pukhuri Panchayats

Of Naharbari Batasipur Dhekiajuli Block Mizibari

Bhotpara Misamari Chenimari

Maz Rowmari Garubondha Keherukhonda

Thelemara Jia Ghabhoru Gorhmara

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Borbhagia Belsiri

Sirajuli Dakhin Singri

Pirakata Dhalaguri Panchayats

Of Palas basti Barchala Block

Dumdooma

Niz Borchala

Gupteswar Natun Sirajuli Natun Pam

Besseria

Bhomoraguri Ushapur

Panchayats

Of Rajgarh Dolabari Gabharu Block

Parbatia Mazgaon

Panchmile

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Bahbari Tumuki

Bandarma ri Puthimari Panchayats

Of Bihaguri No. 1 Bihaguri Block Pub Bargaon

Panchim Borgaon Bihaguri No. 2

Borgaon

Barjuli

Hatibari Takurbari

Panchayats

Of Naharani Sonajuli Rangapara Block

Phulguri Namanigaon

Phulbari

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Balipara Udmari

Balipukhuri Singritoli

Bhalukmari Siloni Panchayats

Bindukuri Of Samdhara Balipara Block Chariduar Rangajan

Dekargaon Niz Goroimari

Ghoramari Napam

Gorhmara Mansiri

Holeswar Lokra

Biswanath Gath

Burigang Suwaguri

Panchayats

Of Panibhoral Garehagi Biswanath Block

Phulguri

Kumalia Lehugaon 24 KVK,SONITPUR

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Uttar Murhadol Uttar Chillabandha

Dakhin Chillabandha Uttar Borbhagia

Panchayats Dakhin Murhadol Pub Murhadol Of

Naduar Block

Pub Borbhagia Madhya Chillabandha

Pachim Borbhagia Pachim Murhadol

Dakhin Nagsankar Uttar Nagsankar

Madhya Nagsankar Sootea No 6

Panchayats Pub Nagsankar Sootea No 5 Of

Sootea Block

Sootea No 4 Sootea No 1

Sootea No 2 Sootea No 3

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Balichang

Bamunipathar Selaikhati

Panchayats

Of Pavoi Borpathar Sakomatha Block

Mukhargarh

Dhuli Kuwari

Baralimara Telangania

Batiamari

Serelia Panchayats

Of Bih Mari Behali Block Rangagarh

Niz Behali Borgang

Gangmouthan

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Borjarani

Ginjia Tinisuti

Panchayats

Of Rotowa Jorabari Baghmara Block

Monabari

Kharasimalu Mizika

Amjarani

Tokowbari Amtola

Tetonbari

Bakori Doloni

Satrang Panchayats Balijan Of Rangalial Chariduar Block Gamiri

Nalinibari

Helem

Missamari Jalukbari

Krishnapur

Kalyanpur Kekurijan 27 Karibil KVK,SONITPUR

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Alupara

Uttar Kalabari Bortamuli

Sonapur

Dakhin Kalabari

Solengiguri Panchayats Dubia Of Rawnamukh Pub Chariduar Block Ghagra

Pub Kalabari

Gopalpur

Pub Dubia Kalabari

Pichala Suvansiri

Kharoipuria Pachim Kalabari Lohitmukh

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Chapter-2

Existing Agriculture scenario of the district

The economy of the Sonitpur District is based on Agriculture. It has its own pace, trend, tradition and development process. Sonitpur is the trade center for Bomdilla, Tawang, Seppa and Itanagar of Arunachal Pradesh. Tezpur, Dhekiajuli, Rangapara, Biswanath Chariali and Gohpur are important trading centers in the district. Approximately 80 percent of the population depends on agriculture and its allied activities for their livelihood. a.Crops :

Both Rabi and Kharif cropping is done in the district. Paddy, jute, sugarcane, tea, pulses and mustard are the major crops and potato, vegetables and fruits like litchi, coconuts, banana, pineapples, oranges are major fruit crop of the district. Rice is the staple food. The farmers mainly depend upon cultivation of winter paddy paddy (Sali paddy). Among the cash crops jute and sugarcane are most important in the district. The three types of rice that are grown :Ahu (Autumn rice), Sali (Winter), Boro (Summer). Among the oilseed crops mustard and rapeseed is extensively grown in the district during rabi season. Linseed, sesame and nizer are other oilseed crops grown by the farmers. Mustard is normally grown in conjunction with Ahu or riparian Flats. Pulse is grown mainly in alluvial flat lands near the river Brahmaputra.

The following pulses are mainly produced– Mati-mah, magu-mah, arahar, masur-mah, motor-mah, garo-mah, lesera-mah etc.

The details of land use pattern of the district is given in Table : 4

Table 5 : Land Use pattern of Sonitpur district

Classification of land Area (Ha) Geographical Area 532400 ha

Forest area 147843 ha

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Barren and uncultivable land 21353 ha

Net sown area 165141 ha

Gross Cropped Area 265397 ha

Area cultivated once 71884 ha

Area cultivated twice or more 100256 ha

Area under Horticultural Crops 40154 ha

Cropping intensity 160 .70%

Cultivable waste land 227 ha

Total fallow land 5833 ha

Area affected due to siltation 514 ha

Cultivable area under Chars 30778 ha

Water logged area 461 ha

Chronically flood prone area 15687 ha

Fig 3: Percent of land area under different categories in Sonitpur district

Source: https://www.google.co.in/search?q=map+of+sonitpur+district 30 KVK,SONITPUR

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Fig 4: Cropped area under irrigation of Sonitpur District

*Area in Hect.

Fig 5: Sources of irrigation of Sonitpur District

* Showing the data in numbers

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The soils of the district are classified and furnished below

Table 6: Soil Type of the district

Sl. Soil type Characteristics Area in ha No

1 Low land with Flat low land in old flood plain, away from 24182 lower elevation deeply submerged active flood plain, altitude 80-100 (LL-LE) m above the mean sea level (MSL) Inceptisols of medium deep to deep soils with sandy loam, clay loam and clay textures. Soil reaction is acidic (pH 5.8 to 6.5), impeded drainage. Rice rapeseed, wheat jute is mainly grown.

2 Medium land with Flat topography with 1-2% slop, mean altitude 95395 medium rainfall 105m above MSL.Inceptisols of medium deep to (ML- MR) deep soils with sandy loam to silty clay texture.Acidic in reaction (pH 5.0-6.1). Fairly drained rice, rapeseed, vegetables, pulses, jute are the main crops.

3 Upland with Flat upland with good drainage, altitude- 29835 medium rainfall 108m above MSL.Old alluvium Alfisols, sufficiently (UL-MR) deep. Soils with medium to medium fine texture (Sandy loam, Silty loam, Silty Clay and Clay) .Acidic to strongly acidic soils with an average pH 5.0

4 Riverine situation Riverine tract in the recent flood plain of 10896 with lower Brahmaputra and tributaries, altitude ranges from 34 elevation (RR-LE) to 87 m above MSL. Entisols formed as stratified new alluvium by river silt deposit. Sandy loam to silty loam with excessive drainage, soil reaction acidic to slightly alkaline (pH 7.6- 8.4)

5 Deep water Basic type topography at lower topo- 4821 situation with sequence of the older alluvial flood plain, away from lower elevation the recent reverine flooding belt. Also includes (DW-LE) natural swamps and marshes. Altitude 95m above MSL.Inceptisols and Entisols medium deep to deep soils with sandy loam, clay loam and clay texture, acidic (pH 5.4-6.2) soil reaction. Lack of drainage.

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Table 7: Area, production and productivity of major crops of Sonitpur district

Sl. No Crop Area (ha) Production (MT) Productivity (Kg/Ha) Paddy Summer 22500 113895 5062 1. Winter 124523 379546 3048 Autumn 12488 34879 2793 2. Sugarcane 2623 9302 37210 3. Potato 8862 71037 8016 4. Maize 1260 6640 5270 5. Wheat 205 250 1220 6. Black gram 4875 3510 720 7. Green Gram 2068 1514 732 8. Jute 2432 19456 1530 9. Rapeseed & Mustard 19643 12375 630 10. Banana 4371 78612 17985 11. Orange 342 4030 11785 12. Guava 170 3549 20880 13. Litchi 673 9610 14280 14. Coconut 1602 20970 107 15. Pineapple 771 13609 17652 16. Arecanut 5235 6598 177 Vegetables 17. Kharif 3828 66894 17475 Rabi 12198 226602 18577 18. Assam Lemon 257 2003 7795 19. Potato 8440 102782 12178 20. Onion 523 2492 4765 21. Turmeric 1073 1041 970 22. Chillies 1087 636 585

b. Livestock The livestock sector plays a vital role in the employment generation in the district. It provides a big source of income to the people for their livelihood. The rural masses of the district are actively engaged in livestock rearing for their daily needs. Piggery, goatery and poultry are the main livestocks in the district.

The details of the livestock in the district are furnished in table 8.

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Table 8 : Livestock production in the district

Total livestock and poultry population in Sonitpur district: a) Total livestock: 16,50,571 nos b) Total poultry: 15,93,918 no

Category Population Cattle : 942292 nos a) Crossbred 34963 nos b) Indigenous 907329 nos

Buffalo : 36106 nos

Sheep : 13449 nos a) Exotic/ Crossbred 458 nos b) Indigenous 12991 nos

Goats : 501799 nos

Pigs : 156574 nos a) Exotic/ Crossbred 31835 nos b) Indigenous 124739 nos

Total Poultry birds: 1580118 nos Ducks : 326340 nos a) Desi 316434 nos b) Improved 9906 nos Turkeys : 300 nos

Horses & ponies 263 nos Donkeys 76 nos Camel 12 nos Dogs 37140 nos Rabbit 323 nos Elephant 13 nos Horses & ponies 263 nos

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c.Fisheries

Sonitpur district has numbers of rivers, swamps, ponds and other natural water bodies. As a whole in Sonitpur district there are 206 numbers of fresh water wetland covering an area of 3651.00 ha. People here are fond of fishes and they catch fishes for their food. Basically fishing here is a tradition rather than commerce, as 90 % fish products are imported. In the district fishery is quite popular commercial activity but it is also not developed to the desired level. River Brahmaputra and about 1000 no.of ponds provide huge scope of fish production.

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Chapter - 3

Constraints in Agricultural Production

Climate is one of the major constraints in agricultural production. Due to the changes in climate, there is non-availability of water for drinking and irrigation purposes. The uneven distribution of rainfall, occurrence of flood and dry spells, lack of infrastructure ,very poor economic status of the farmer are some factors for the low agricultural productivity. Apart from this, lack of knowledge regarding the scientific management practices leads to poor yield of agricultural production. a. Crops i) The use of excessive inorganic fertilizers has made the soil lost its natural fertility. ii) Neglecting the concept of mixed and multiple cropping systems by the farmers. iii) Lack of knowledge on water management practices and methods of scientific cultivation of crops. iv) Pests and diseases are also another constraint in the production. v) Low knowledge on water harvesting technologies. vi) Lack of proper marketing channels.

Crop-wise major production constraints are given in Table 8.

Table 9 : Factors affecting productivity of major crops of Sonitpur district

Sl Crop Constraints No. 1 Paddy Insufficient and imbalanced nutrition, use of low yielding local varieties, attack of stem borer,brown plant hopper, rice bug. 2 Banana Use of low yielding local varieties , diseases like rhizome rot ,bunchy top, sigatoka, panama wilt and pests like mealybug, rhizome weevil and pseudostem weevil 3 Vegetables Use of low yielding local varieties, pest and disease problems, lack of post harvest management techniques.

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b. Livestock i) High cost of animal feeds and non availability of good quality fodders. ii) Lack of knowledge of the farmers on scientific methods of rearing of cattle and calves. iii) Non availability of improved breeds of cattle at cheaper rates. iv) Non availability of improved breeds of chicks. c. Fisheries i) Lack of knowledge on the cultivation of inland fish. ii) Non availability of good quality fingerlings. iii) Insecure of cultivation of fish in public ponds. iv) Pollution of ponds is another constraint. v) Lack of proper marketing channels.

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Chapter - 4

Institutional Support for Agricultural development in the district

Several institutions in the district plays a vital role for the development of agriculture. State government departments, government undertaking and many NGOs have significant contribution towards the overall agricultural development of the district. a.Crops

1.Department of Agriculture,Sonitpur

The State Department of Agriculture plays a major role to cater the needs of the farming community. The department has following offices in the district:

a) District Agricultural Office This District Agricultural Office supervises and monitors the different activities for the better agricultural development in the district. The Head of the office is the District Agricultural Officer. Being the head, the District Agricultural Officer exercises all the technical and administrative powers. He organises and impart trainings along with the Assistant Director of Agriculture, Sub Divisional Agriculture Officers, Agricultural Development Officers and VLEWs. He is overall responsible for the high yielding varieties programme.

Address for communication

The District Agricultural Officer Opp. DC Office Sonitpur, Tezpur.

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2.Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Sonitpur

The Krishi Vigyan Kendra of Sonitpur District was started in 1981, under the administrative control of Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Jorhat. The Kendra is situated at Napam about 10 km away from the district headquarters, Tezpur. a.Mandates

i. To conduct On Farm Testing trials for identifying technologies in terms of location specific sustainable land use systems.

ii. To organise Front Line Demonstrations on various crops to generate production data and feedback information in farmers’ fields.

iii. To organise trainings to update the extension personnel with emerging advances in agricultural research on regular basis.

iv. To organise short and long term vocational training programmes in agriculture and allied fields for the farmers and rural youth with emphasis on learning by doing for higher farm production and generating self employment opportunities to the youth.

v. To act as Knowledge Resource centre of the district.

vi. To provide quality planting materials and livestock strain in the district. b) Programmes i. Training programmes The KVK organises regular training programmes of various duration in agriculture and allied fields for farmers, farm women and rural youth. The major topics of the training programmes conducted at KVK are as follows:

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Discipline : Horticulture

Sl No. Topic 1 Propagation techniques in horticultural crops. 2 Protected cultivation (Green House, Shed Net). 3 Nursery raising 4 Organic vegetable cultivation. 5 Assam lemon cultivation. 6 Commercial floriculture. 7 Cultivation of pineapple, banana. 8 Cultivation of ginger and turmeric. 9 Food processing and value addition.

Discipline : Agronomy Sl No Topic 1 Improved production technology of rice(Sali Rice/Boro rice/Ahu rice). 2 Production technology of jute as fibre crops. 3 Paddy cultivation in flood affected areas. 4 Production technology of toria. 5 Rain water harvesting. 6 Production and value addition of aromatic and glutinous rice. 7 System of rice intensification.

Discipline : Plant protection Sl No Topic 1 Production of bio control agents and bio pesticides 2 Biological control of crop diseases. 3 Integrated pest and disease management of rice/field crops 4 Mushroom production.

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5 Pest and disease management in organic farming 6 Integrated pest and disease management in vegetables, oilseed and spices.

Discipline : Animal Husbandry Sl No Topic 1 Scientific management practices for successful goat farming. 2 Piggery Management. 3 Cultivation practice for improved fodder crops. 4 Backyard poultry rearing. 5 Diseases of cattle and their control measures. 6 Feeding management of milch cows. 7 Livestock based Integrated Farming System. 8 Improved practices for livestock feeding.

Discipline : Soil Science

Sl No Topic 1 Acid soil management 2 Use of biofertilizers in crops 3 Nutrient management in organic farming 4 Soil Solaraization 5 Cultivation of summer oilseeds and pulses & soil fertility management 6 Nutrient management in Rabi Oilseeds and pulses 7 Different methods of composting 8 Soil pollution and its management 9 Green manuring -Production and use of organic inputs 10 Market potential of agro textile products.

ii. Front Line Demonstration The Kendra organizes Front Line Demonstrations on newly released technologies in horticultural, field crops, plant protection,animal sciences and home science. These demonstrations are done under farmers’ field conditions to generate production data. 41 KVK,SONITPUR

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iii. On Farm Testing The Kendra also organise On Farm Testing programmes. On Farm Testing deals in testing the new technologies developed at research centres in the fields of horticultural, crops, plant protection, animal sciences and home science to ensure their suitability and sustainability to specific locations and to suggest or modify or refine the technology in real farm situations with the active participation of the farmers.

iv. Farm Advisory Services The Kendra encourages the farmers in remote and distant locations to use communication media to contact the centre to solve their immediate field problems.

vi. Farmers Study Tours The Kendra organizes study tours for farmers to various agriculture and fields of progressive farmers for ‘seeing and studying’.

vii. Farmer's visit to the Kendra Farmers are encouraged to visit the Kendra personally for discussing and solving their specific field problems and to get hands-on knowledge on the latest technologies available in agriculture and allied fields. viii. Exhibitions, Kisan Melas, Camps, etc. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra regularly participates in various exhibitions, Kisan melas organized by local and statutory bodies, depicting its various activities and providing on the spot consultancies to the visitors. The Kendra’s stalls have bagged many awards. Farmers and others visit the pavilions of the KVK and avail the facilities offered there.

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ix. Production and supply of planting materials, breeds of animals and other technological inputs The Kendra also produces and supplies various seeds and planting materials of rice, spices, fruits and ornamentals. Improved breeds of poultry, goats, etc are also supplied to the farmers. x. Soil and Water testing: The KVK has a soil and water testing laboratory to render services to the farmers relating to the soil testing. During 2015-16, the KVK analysed 300 soil samples and distributed 253 soil health cards among the farmers. xi. Other extension activities The Kendra also organizes the following programmes: a) Field days b) Farmers day c) Film shows d) Celebration of important days e) Publication of popular articles and newspaper publicity f) Veterinary activities g) Radio talks and television show h) Mobile Advisory services

Address for communication Programme Coordinator Krishi Vigyan Kendra Napam, Sonitpur -,Assam. Phone: 03712-267089 e-mail: [email protected]

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3. Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA)

Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) is a registered society of key stakeholders involved in agricultural activities for sustainable agricultural development in the district. It aims at integrating research and extension activities and decentralizing day-to-day management of the public Agricultural Technology System (ATS). ATMA is constituted by drawing members from all research and extension units within the district such as Zonal Research Stations or sub-stations, Krishi Vigyan Kendras and the key line Departments of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, Fisheries, Sericulture, Agro industries, etc. The State Agriculture Management Extension and Training Institute (SAMETI) is the agency formed at the state level to provide human resources development support for the effective functioning of the ATMA at district level. The Sonitpur District ATMA office is located in the office of the District Agricultural Officer and the Deputy Commissioner is the chairman.

Objectives: 1. To strengthen research-extension-farmer linkages. 2. To provide an effective mechanism for co-ordination and management of activities of different agencies involved in technology adaption/validation and dissemination at the district level and below. 3. To increase the quality and type of technologies being disseminated. 4. To develop new partnerships with the private institutions including NGOs. 5. To coordinate efforts being made by various line departments, NGOs, farmer's organizations and allied institutions to strengthen research extension-farmers linkages in the district and to promote collaboration and coordination between various State funded technical departments. 6. To facilitate the empowerment of farmers/producers through assistance for mobilization, organization into associations, cooperatives etc. 7. To facilitate market interventions for value addition to farm produce.

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4.North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management (NERIWALM)

The North Eastern Regional Institute of Water and Land Management (NERIWALM) is a registered society established on 23rd December, 1989 at Tezpur, Assam, India under the aegis of North Eastern Council (NEC), Shillong, Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DoNER), .

The main objectives of NERIWALM are: a) With a view of promoting of advancement of science and acquisition of scientific knowledge to provide instruction and training in all the branches of science, both theoretical and applied and in Water and Land Management for Irrigation and Agriculture. b) To establish an institute for imparting instructions and training to farmers, members of Water Users’ Association and conducting research in Water and Land Management for Irrigation and Agriculture. c) To prescribe courses for instruction and training in Water and Land Management for Irrigation and Agriculture and hold examinations and grant certificates, diplomas etc. d) To provide consultancy service to the Government, Local bodies and other organization in Water and Land Management for Irrigation and Agriculture. e) To organize outreach activities like training and capacity building of farmers or members and functionaries of Water Users’ Association with a view to enhancing their technological and managerial capabilities and ensuring their active and effective participation in the development and management of water distribution network in their jurisdication. f) To set up field centres at key locations to facilitate better coordination with the North Eastern States and to support the outreach activities relating to land and water management. 45 KVK,SONITPUR

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g) To send within the country and abroad for specialized training in Water and land Management for Irrigation and Agriculture, persons including members of staff of the said Institute and bear and pay the costs of such training. h) To network with NGOs/Private partmers/ with a view of carrying out outreach activities relating to land and water management Address for communication The Director NERIWALM, Dolabari Tezpur,Assam

4. Biswanath College of Agriculture (BNCA)

The Biswanath College of Agriculture (BNCA) is an institution of higher education in Agricultural sciences. The college is located at Biswanath Chariali in Sonitpur district of Assam. BN College of Agriculture is affiliated to Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam. The college participates in technical advice and support for organizing various programmes related to agriculture.

Address for communication BN College of Agriculture Biswanath Chariali, Sonitpur, Assam PIN -784176 Phone: 03715-223428, 03715-222130

6. Lead Bank The Lead Bank Scheme provides leadership in initiating, streamlining and accelerating the process of development of the respective district by enlisting the co-operation of other banks and by maintaining continuous liaison with Government and quasi Government agencies. The UCO bank functions as the lead bank in the district.

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Address for communication

Mercantile Building, Main Road, Sonitpur dist, Tezpur, Assam 784001

7. Other banking institutions All nationalised banks and other financial sectors in the district have special schemes for the promotion of agriculture and allied fields in the district.

8. Farmers clubs and voluntary organizations There are several voluntary organizations and farmers groups very active in the district with the aim of overall development of the farming community.

b. Livestock 1. District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department District Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department is one of the major departments with a mandate to augment animal origin protein production in order to meet the challenge of protein hunger faced globally. The Sonitpur Dist A.H. & Vety. Dept. is headed by the Dist. A.H. & Vety. Officer with its HQ at Tezpur, Hatipilkhana. He is assisted by two Sub Divisional A.H. & Vety. Officers, one at Tezpur and the other at Biswanath Chariali. Moreover, to look after different projects like Artificial Insemination, fodder, Rural Dairy Extension etc. there is Officer In Charge, ICDP at Mission Chariali, Tezpur. The Dept. has its glorious past history supporting the poor livestock owners in different fields. Along with treatment, vaccination, extension works, management of livestock etc. the Dept. also renders socio-economic assistance to the educated unemployed youths in pursuing their livelihood thus strengthening the National and state economy. The Dist. has a total of 54 no of officers at different capacities. At present, the district has 101 numbers of Major offices for livestock development as follows-

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Table 10: Major offices for livestock development in Sonitpur District Sl No. Name of the office Numbers 1 District Veterinary hospital 2 2 Veterinary Dispensaries 17 3 Veterinary sub centre 65 4 Block Veterinary Dispensaries 7 5 Key village centre 4 6 RAIC 3 7 R.P. Check post 1 8 BCPP Check post 2 Total 101

Address for communication Office of The District A.H. & Veterinary Officer N.T. Road, Hatipilkhana.Sonitpur Tezpur. PIN-784001.Assam

2. Department of Dairy Development The Dairy Development Department organises several programmes to enhance milk production in the district. The department extends assistance to sustain and develop this primary organization. The department offers assistance in developing infrastructure of the societies and in purchasing modern milk testing equipment, milk cans, chemicals for milk testing and sanitation,milk cooler,freezer, buildings for milk collection and office room etc.

c. Fisheries 1. Department of Fisheries The Department of Fisheries is an important productive sector of the . The State Fisheries Department has a mandate to increase fish and quality fish seed production, 48 KVK,SONITPUR

District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 identify and promote research and studies on fisheries and allied areas, promote scientific fish farming, provide extension services to fish farmers, fisherman and fishery entrepreneurs with a vision to achieve self sufficiency in fish production through sustainable fisheries management practices. The department implements all the development and management programmes envisaged by the Government in the fisheries sector.

Address for communication The District Fishery Officer Hajarapar, Tezpur Sonitpur.

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Chapter – 5

Research and Development Organization relevant to district agriculture

Several research and development organizations are engaged in the agricultural field with their head quarters/offices located in and outside the district. Their primary objective is to carry out research and developmental activities in crops relevant to the district. This helps all the farming communities. Farmers can adopt and avail the technologies and schemes developed by institutes under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and State Agricultural Universities.

Crops

i. Regional Agricultural Research Station, North Lakhimpur The RARS, Lakhimpur is one of the six regional stations of Assam Agricultural University(AAU). It was established in the year 1980 for agricultural development of North Bank Plains Zone comprising Darrang, Sonitpur, Lakhimpur and district of Assam. The station is located on the Boisa-Garumuria Grazing Reserve of at an altitude of 102m msl and 27019’N latitude and 94007’E longitude.

Objectives :

 To generate technology through interdisciplinary research and to disseminate.

 To increase the productivity of deep water rice(dwr) and other classes of rice and sustainability by undertaking applied, basic, location specific and need based research of rice ecosystem.

 Improvement in the productivity of pulses, oilseed, jute and vegetables.

 Improvement of soil health

 Formation of suitable cropping system and efficient use of resources.

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Areas of Activities: The main mandate of the station are :

 To formulate and conduct need based location specific and problem oriented research on all major crops including rice.

 To produce quality seeds of rice.

 To collect, conserve, evaluate and utilize the plant genetic resources of the Zone for improvement of crops and

 To transfer technologies generated by AAU to farmers field.

ii. Horticultural Research Station (HRS),Kahikuchi

Horticultural Research Station (HRS) was established under Assam Agricultural University at Kahikuchi, Guwahati for conducting basic and applied research on various horticultural crops.

Mandates

1. To undertake basic, strategic and applied research for generating technologies to enhance productivity and utilization potential of horticultural crops.

2. To undertake transfer of technology on horticultural crops through consultancy, outreach programmes and linkage with developmental agencies.

iii. Assam Agricultural University (AAU), Jorhat

The Assam Agricultural University is the primary and the principal authority of Assam state in providing human resources, skills and technology, required for the sustainable development of its agriculture, defined broadly encompassing all production activities based on land and water, including crop production (agriculture), animal husbandry, forestry and fisheries through conducting, interfacing and integrating education, research and extension in these spheres of economic endeavour. It was established in 1969 under the Assam Agricultural University Act 51 KVK,SONITPUR

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1968 January 2, 1969. The headquarter of the university is located at Borbheta, Jorhat in .

Address for communication The Director of Extension Education Assam Agricultural University Jorhat,Assam, India Mobile : 0376-2340029

iv. Sugarcane Research Station, Buralikson, Dergaon It is a commodity research station under AAU, Jorhat and was established at Dergaon near Baruah Bamungaon. This station provide all the information regarding sugarcane cultivation to the farming community of the North Eastern Station. Address for Communication Chief Scientist Sugarcane Research Station Assam Agricultural University Buralikson-785618 Contact No. 09435246414

v. Defence Research Laboratory, Tezpur Defence Research Laboratory (DRL), Tezpur had its humble beginning as "Field Laboratory", a small research cell of the then DRL(M), Kanpur on 21 November, just after the irksome Chinese aggression in October 1962. The initial charter of the laboratory was to provide storage/outdoor exposure trials for developed products under the prevailing hot and humid climate of North-eastern India. On subsequent development, the laboratory gained momentum with independent research & development assignments for the benefit of troops deployed in

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 this strategically important region. In October 1980, it became a full-fledged R&D laboratory and was renamed as Defence Research Laboratory. Vision: Be a leader in developing technologies for human health, environment and agriculture for North East Region. Mission: Develop technologies unique to local environment in the field of health and hygiene and judicious utilization of local resources for the benefit of the region.

Address for Communication The Director Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) Defence Research Laboratory (DRL) Post Bag No.2, Tezpur (Assam) - 784 001 Tel: 03712-258508, 258836 Fax: 03712-258534 E-mail : [email protected]

vi. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), New Delhi APEDA is an autonomous organization attached to the Ministry of Commerce of the Government of India. The main function of Authority is to build links between Indian producers and the global markets. APEDA undertakes the briefing of potential sources on government policy and producers, along with providing referred services and suggesting suitable partners for joint ventures besides arranging buyer-seller meets.

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Functions 1. Development of industries relating to the scheduled products for export by way of providing financial assistance or otherwise for undertaking surveys and feasibility studies, participation in enquiry capital through joint ventures and other reliefs and subsidy schemes. 2.Registration of persons as exporters of the scheduled products on payment of prescribed fees. 3. Fixing of standards and specifications for the scheduled products for the purpose of exports. 4. Carrying out inspection of meat and meat products in slaughter houses, processing plants, storage premises, conveyances or other places where such products are kept or handled for the purpose of ensuring the quality of such products. 5.Improving of packaging of the scheduled products. 6.Improving of marketing of the scheduled products outside India. 7. Promotion of export oriented production and development of the Scheduled products. 8.Collection of statistics from the owners of factories or establishments engaged in the production, processing, packaging, marketing or export of the scheduled products or from such other persons as may be prescribed on any matter relating to the scheduled products and publication of the statistics so collected or of any portions thereof or extracts there from. 9. Training in various aspects of the industries connected with the scheduled products.

Address for communication Assistant General Manager Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority 3rd Floor G.S. Road, Opp. Old Post Office Jain Complex, Guwahati-781005 Tel/Fax:- +91- 0361-2599010 Moblie: 98640-28908 Residence:- +91- 0361-2633390 Email- [email protected] Website: www.apeda.com 54 KVK,SONITPUR

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vii. National Seeds Corporation,New Delhi NSC was the first public sector seed production organization, established in 1963, and remained virtually the only agency for around 13 years. Its role extended to several developmental programmes including training, quality control and extension activities in seeds. It undertakes production, processing and marketing of agricultural seeds. Its product range includes cereals, pulses, oilseed, fodder, fibre and vegetable crops. It also maintains a consultancy wing to render services in all the facets of seed development. Services 1.Seed production. 2.Certification. 3. Seed quality control. 4. Seed processing, handling and packaging. 5.Seed marketing. 6.Information communication and public relations. 7. Sales promotion and advertising for seeds. 8.Project formulation and project management. 9.Training in all aspects of seed science.

Address for communication Area Manager National Seeds Corpn Ltd. Six Mile, Punjabari Road Guwahati-781037 (Assam) Phone :0361-2332896 FAX : 0361-2332552 E-mail : [email protected] Website: www.indiaseeds.com

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 viii. Small Farmers Agri-Business Consortium, New Delhi

The Consortium has been set up to catalyse agro-industrial growth and assist in undertaking employment generation programmes and promote the growth and diversification of agriculture and agro-based industries by organising technology transfer through training and extension, by sponsoring specific research projects and technology demonstration.

Address for communication Assam Small Farmers' Agri-Business Consortium Agriculture Campus, Khanapara Guwahati, Assam,Pin -781022 Tel. + 091 (0361) 2333560 Email : [email protected]@yahoo.

ix. State Horticulture Mission,Assam

The State Horticulture Mission,Assam is a registered society set up to implement the National Horticulture Mission programme, a centrally sponsored scheme. This scheme envisages an end to end development of the horticulture sector covering production, post harvest management, processing and marketing.

Objectives

1. To provide holistic growth of the horticulture sector through an area based regionally differentiated strategies which include research,technology promotion, extension, post harvest management, processing and marketing. 2. To enhance horticulture production, improve nutritional security and income support to farm households. 3. To establish convergence and synergy among multiple on-going and planned programmes for horticulture development. 4. To promote, develop and disseminate technologies, through a seamless blend of

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traditional wisdom and modern scientific knowledge. 5. To create opportunities for employment generation for skilled and unskilled persons, especially unemployed youth.

Address for communication

(Director (Hort.) & FP, Government of Assam, Krishi Bhawan, Khanapara, Dispur, Guwahati-781022 ,Assam Tel : 0361-2334115,0361-2332796 (fax) Email: directorhortassam@ yahoo.co.in x. North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd (NEDFi)

NEDFi is a Public Limited Company registered under the Companies Act 1956 on 9th August, 1995. It is notified as a Public Financial Institution under Section 4A of the said Act and was registered as an NBFC in 2002 with RBI. The shareholders of the Corporation are IDBI, SBI, LICI, SIDBI, ICICI, IFCI, SUUTI, GIC and its subsidiaries. The management of NEDFi has been entrusted upon the Board of Directors comprising representatives from shareholder institutions, DoNER, State Governments and eminent persons from the NE Region and outside having wide experience in industry, economics, finance and management. NEDFi provides financial assistance to micro, small, medium and large enterprises for setting up industrial, infrastructure and agri-allied projects in the North Eastern Region of India and also Microfinance through MFI/NGOs.

Address for communication

North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd NEDFi House G.S.Road,Dispur,Guwahati,Assam PIN-781006 57 KVK,SONITPUR

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Ph :+91-361-222-2200 Fax :+91-361-223-7733/7734 Mail : [email protected]

b. Livestock

1. College of Veterinary Science,AAU Khanapara The university was established with the following objectives: 1. Provide quality education, research, extension and management in veterinary sciences incorporating the latest technological advancements in bio technology and information technology in livestock enterprises. 2. Start courses in wildlife management, short term diploma courses for farmers, educated unemployed youth and prospective entrepreneurs. 3. Offer consultancy services, help preparation of projects, develop new business models and expand public participation in the management of government and other farms. 4. The University is intended to play a pivotal role to coordinate various agencies, departments, units and institutions engaged in animal husbandry and related areas.

Address for communication Director of Research(Vety) Assam Agricultural University Khanapara, Guwahati-781022 Phone :0361-2364941

2.Goat Research Station, Burnihat, Kamrup(M), Assam Goat Research Station under The Directorate of Research (Vety) of Assam Agricultural University located at Burnihat, 25 km from Guwahati, Assam transforms living standards of people with goat farming. Due to its good economic prospects, goat rearing under intensive

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 and semi-intensive system for commercial production has been gaining momentum for the past couple of years. High demand for goat and its products with potential of good economic returns have been deriving many progressive farmers, businessmen, professionals, ex-servicemen and educated youths to take up the goat enterprise on a commercial scale. The emerging favourable market conditions and easy accessibility to improved goat technologies are also catching the attention of entrepreneurs. A number of commercial goat farms have been established in different regions of the country. Objectives :  To enhance and sustain goat productivity in respect of meat, milk and fibre through Research, Extension and HRD support.  To undertake basic and applied research in all disciplines of goat production and product utilization, to impart trainings, to transfer technologies and provide consultancy services for improving quantity and quality of meat, milk and fibre production from goat and to develop goat products processing technologies.

Address for communication Chief Scientist, Goat Research Station, Assam Agricultural University, Burnihat, Kamrup (M), Assam – 793101 Email – [email protected]

3. Livestock Research Station, Mandira, Kamrup,Assam

Livestock Research Station is entrusted the responsibility of establishing a crossbred dairy herd which can thrive and produce good amount of milk. Research has also been taken up to study various aspects of management, production, reproduction, nutrition, adaptation and economics of milk and animal production. Objectives:  To study different management problems of crossbred animals.

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 To provide reliable basic data necessary for planning large scale cattle development programme.  To develop package of practices for management, health, nutrition & reproduction of cattle.

Address for communication Livestock Research Station Mandira, Kamrup,Assam

4. College of Veterinary Science,AAU, North Lakhimpur

Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science was established in 1988.Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science is an institution of higher education in Veterinary sciences. The college is located at North Lakhimpur in Lakhimpur district of Assam. Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science is affiliated to Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam.

Address for communication

Lakhimpur College of Veterinary Science Azad, North Lakhimpur, Lakhimpur, Assam PIN – 787001

c. Fisheries

1. Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (CIFRI), Barrackpore

The Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute(CIFRI) is the oldest premiem research institute in the field of inland fisheries research and training in India.The main objectives of the institute were to conduct investigations for a proper appraisal of inland fisheries resources of the country and to evolve suitable methods for their conservation and optimum utilization.

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Address for communication

The Officer-in-Charge NER centre of CIFRI Housefed Complex,Dispur,Guwahati-781006 Phone : 0361-2224893/2228486

2. National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB)

NFDB under ministry of agriculture, government of India provides assistance for intensive aquaculture in ponds and tanks, fisheries development in reservoirs, coastal aquaculture, seaweed cultivation, infrastructure development for fish harbours and landing centres, fish dressing centres and solar drying of fish, strengthening of domestic markets and promotion of deep sea fishing.

Address for Communication:

National Fisheries Development Board Maitri Bhavan Huda Commercial Complex, Ameerpet Hyderabad-500 038, Andhra Pradesh Phone: 040-23737256/23731128 Fax: 040-23737208 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nfdb.ap.nic.in

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Chapter- 6

Plans and schemes for promotion of Agriculture

There are several organizations which takes the initiative for promotion of agriculture through development and implementations of specific plans and schemes. Some important plans and schemes of various institutions are briefly described below. a. Crops 1. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) Plans a. Village Adoption and Development Plan The basic aim of this plan is to develop the backward villages. The plan is to develop the infrastructure facilities of the village and in other fields such as education, health, drinking water, power, roads, credit, information and market. b. Pilot Project for Integrated Development of Backward Blocks (PPID) The objective of the PPID is comprehensive development of the selected backward blocks in an integrated manner which would include economic development, infrastructure development and other aspects of human development i.e., education, health, drinking water supply, etc. through the collective involvement of all agencies working at grass root level viz. Local panchayats, banks, NGOs, people’s organisations and other development agencies. The schemes and activities include: 1. Watershed development. 2. Non-Farm Sector programmes. 3. Micro finance. 4. Farmers' groups under Self Help Groups. 5. Infrastructure development under Rural Infrastructure Development Fund. 6. Capacity building of banks, government departments, NGOs and community based organizations.

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7.Coordination with Government Departments for social development, i.e. education, health, women and child development, etc. 8. Implementation of development programmes of the State Government, contribute to the project. c. Bamboo Farming

NABARD has accorded special status for development of bamboo farming in consonance with the action plan prepared by National Mission on Bamboo Technology and Trade Development for upgrading the bamboo economy. NABARD aims at developing bamboo farming, processing and marketing as a mainstream activity by changing ‘forestry mindset’ into ‘farm mindset’. d. Promotion of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops (MACs)

Promotion of cultivation of medicinal, aromatic and herbal crops has been accorded special status by NABARD in accordance with the policy of Government of India. NABARD has initiated measures to promote the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs). e. Bio-Fuels

To promote the production of the eco-friendly, renewable energy crops, NABARD encourages Jatropha cultivation, on wastelands in forest and non forest areas, through institutional credit. The scheme envisages bringing one lakh ha wasteland annually under Jatropha plantation. f. Micro Credit Innovations -Kisan Credit Card

NABARD formulated a Model Kisan Credit Card Scheme in consultation with major banks. As a pioneering credit delivery innovation, Kisan Credit Card Scheme aims at provision of adequate and timely support from the banking system to the farmers for their cultivation needs including purchase of inputs in a flexible and cost effective manner. Beneficiaries covered under the scheme are issued with a credit card and a pass book or a credit card cum pass book incorporating the name, address, particulars of land holding, borrowing limit, validity period, a

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 passport size photograph of holder etc which may serve both as an identity card and facilitate recording of transactions on an ongoing basis. g. Crop Insurance

NABARD also financed the formation of the Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd. (AICI) for providing economic security to the farming community by securing them against crop losses due to reasons beyond their control. h. Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)

Government of India introduced the Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) in 1999 by restructuring various Self-employment programmes viz. IRDP, TRYSEM, SITRA, DWCRA etc. It envisages formation of SHGs by 'Swarozgaries' and financing them by bank in different stages. It is a holistic scheme covering all aspects of self-employment such as organisation of the poor into Self Help Groups, training, credit, technology, infrastructure and marketing. The scheme is funded by the Centre and the States in the ratio of 75:25 and is being implemented by Commercial Banks, Regional Rural Banks and Co-operative Banks. DRDAs, NGOs, Technical Institutions etc. in the district are involved in the process of planning, implementation and monitoring of the scheme.

i. Financing Purchase of Land for Agricultural Purposes

The agricultural policy of the Government of India envisages substantial credit flow to increase agricultural production and productivity. Banks provide term finance to farmers for development purposes and short term loans for production purposes. There is also a need to finance farmers for purchasing land to expand activities and make existing small and marginal units economically viable. This would enable farmers to diversify their present activities and take up allied activities.

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 j. Scheme for setting up of Agri-clinic and Agribusiness centres

With the diversification and modernisation of agricultural practices, there is a need to augment support and extension services for agriculture. For this purpose, a scheme for setting up agri- clinics and agribusiness centres by agriculture graduates has been launched by Government of India with the support of NABARD. These centres will provide a package of input facilities, consultancy and other services. They will strengthen transfer of technology and extension services and also provide self employment opportunities to technically trained persons. k.Self Employment Scheme For Ex-servicemen (SEMFEX)

The scheme is in operation since 15 January 1988. It has been specially designed to provide a comprehensive package of credit for encouraging ex-servicemen, disabled service personnel, war widows and widows of exservicemen to undertake agricultural and allied activities or to set up non-farm units in rural areas to earn their livelihood for leading a dignified life.

SEMFEX has two sub-schemes as under: i. Farm Sector

Loans under this sector cover development of agriculture and allied activities such as minor irrigation, farm mechanisation including power tillers, nurseries, dairies, poultry, fisheries, plantation, horticulture, forestry, wasteland development etc. ii. Non-Farm Sector

This includes financial assistance for setting up in rural areas, units of tiny, cottage, village or small scale industries relating to a wide spectrum of approved industrial and service activities. With a view to increasing production and productivity in agriculture, NABARD also considers sanction of high-tech / innovative schemes which involve use and adoption of modern methods of science and technology.

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 l. Scheme for "Capacity Building for Adoption of Technology (CAT)"

Technological upgradation and innovation have been the hall mark of Indian agriculture. NABARD has been in the forefront in facilitating and adoption of new technology by farmers/entrepreneurs through various institutions/ agencies like banks, corporates, NGOs, SHG and Farmers' Clubs. With a view to widen the horizon of new agro-technology, it was felt that traditional farmers may be motivated to adopt new technology by exposing them to innovative projects being implemented by various agencies in different parts of the country. Accordingly, it has been decided that NABARD would extend 100% support towards the cost of such exposure visit of the farmers to enable them to adopt new technology.

Address for communication

General Manager P.O.Box No 1,Opposite Assam Secretariat G.S.Road,Dispur, Guwahati-781001,Assam Phone : 0361-2238006 Email : [email protected] Website: www.nabard.org

2.Rubber Board

There is a well structured field establishment set up under the Rubber Production Department which renders free advisory and extension services to rubber growers on all aspects of rubber cultivation, production, processing and marketing and simultaneously attends to implementation of various development schemes as well. Field Offices located at all important rubber growing centres play important roles in extension activities.

1. Rubber Plantation Development Scheme Phase IV 2. Rubber Plantation Development Scheme - Phase V

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3. Rubber Plantation Development Scheme - Phase VI. 4. Rubber Plantation Development Scheme in North East 5. Schemes for Assisting Planting and Upkeep 6. Scheme for popularising use of Low Volume Sprayers 7. Scheme for Improving Tapping 8. Schemes for Assisting Rubber Growers’ Cooperatives 9. Scheme for Promoting Rubber Producers Societies (RPSs) 10. Schemes for Assisting Companies in the RPS Sector 11. Schemes for Assisting Large Growers 12. Schemes of General Nature

Address for communication

Rubber Board Zonal Office - Guwahati Zone

Joint Rubber Production Commissioner

House fed Complex, Central Block II (first floor) Beltola-Basistha Road,Dispur-781 006

Guwahati,Assam,India

Phone: 0361 – 2220416

Fax: 0361 – 2228147

E-mail: [email protected]

Website: www. rubberboard.org.in

3. Spices Board

Promotional programmes i. Production Development Schemes a. Small cardamom b. Large cardamom 67 KVK,SONITPUR

District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 c. Development of exotic and high value spices d.Organic farming of spices e.Integrated pest management f. Development of spices in North East g.Post harvest improvements in spices h.Extension advisory service ii. Post harvest improvement of spices schemes a. Scheme for improved cardamom curing devices for small cardamom (Description/ Working procedure). b.Subsidy for constructing drying yards. c. Supply of polythene sheets and bamboo mats at subsidized cost. d.Procurement of pepper threshers at subsidized cost. e.Availability of solar driers for chilies.

Address for communication Deputy Director (Development) Spice Board Six Mile,350 Near Punjab National Bank,Tulshi Path Guwahati-781022 Phone: 0361-2339776 e-mail:[email protected] Website: www.indianspices.com

4. National Horticulture Board a) Development of Commercial Horticulture through Production and Post-Harvest Management

Objectives

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1. To develop high quality horticultural farms in identified belts and make such areas vibrant with horticultural activity which in turn will act as hubs for developing commercial horticulture by adopting high-tech horticulture techniques. 2. To develop post-harvest management infrastructure. 3. To improve linkages between horticulture producers and marketers. 4. To create integrated network for marketing of horticulture produce. 5. To increase producer’s share in consumer price.

b) Capital Investment Subsidy for Construction / Modernization Expansion of Cold Storage and Storages for Horticulture Produce

Objectives 1. To promote setting up of cold storages/storages in the country for reducing post harvest losses. 2. Creation of 12 lakh tonnes and modernization/rehabilitation of 8 lakh tonnes of cold storages and addition of 4.5 lakh tonnes onion storages.

c) Technology Development and Transfer for Promotion of Horticulture i. Objectives

 Popularization of new technologies/tools/techniques for commercialization/ adoption.  Introduction of new concepts to improve farming systems.  Upgradation of skills by exchange of technical know-how.  Consolidating research efforts for specific problems.  Identification/collection, rapid multiplication & popularization of indigenous crops and other flora of horticultural importance with emphasis on domestic and export promotion.

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 Familiarization and exposure towards the newer scientific concepts/ temper and research & development from hitherto unknown, unexplored and traditional status of farming and post harvest management on to the modern lines.

Address for communication

National Horticulture Board Chhibber House, 4th Floor, Dispur Guwahati-781 005 Tele/Fax :0361-2343719, 2340695 E-mail : [email protected] Website: www.nhb.gov.in

5. Centrally sponsored schemes i) National Food Security Mission (NFSM) National Food Security Mission has been launched as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme funded by Central Government. It envisages to focus on districts which have high potential but relatively low level of productivity performance at present.

Address for communication Joint Secretary National Food Security Mission Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi - 110 001 Phone: 011-23381176 e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.nfsm.gov.in

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 ii) Save grain Campaign

Save Grain Campaign under the direct supervision and control of Department of Public Distribution, Ministry of Consumer Affairs and Public Distribution is propagating the knowledge of scientific storage of food grains amongst farmers including farm women through its 17 field offices situated in different parts of the country viz. Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneshwar, Bhopal Calcutta, Chennai Chandigarh Ghaziabad, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Lucknow, Patna, Pune, Raipur, Thiruvananthapuram, and Varanasi. The main objectives of the SGC is to educate, motivate and persuade the farmers and others to adopt measures at farm level to minimise the food grain losses through training, demonstration and publicity. The ultimate aim of the above programme is to help in the reduction of avoidable losses to food grains in storage, as to make available more food grains for human consumption. iii. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)

Concerned by the slow growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council resolved to launch the special Additional Central Assistance Scheme RKVY. The main objective of the scheme is to achieve 4% annual growth in agricultural sector during the XIth Plan by ensuring holistic development of agriculture and allied sectors. The basic features of this scheme are :

1. Incentives to States so as to increase public investment in agriculture and allied sectors. 2. Provide flexibility and autonomy to the state in the process of planning and executing schemes. 3.Ensure preparation of schemes based on agro climatic conditions,availability of technology and natural resources. 4. Ensure that local needs crops priorities are better reflected in the schemes. 5. Reduce yield gap in important crops, through focussed interventions. 6.Maximise retums to farmers. 7. Bring about quantifiable changes in production and productivity.

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 iv. Seed village Scheme Despite implementation of the organized seed programme since the mid 60s, the seed replacement rate has only reached the level of 15% 85% of the seeds used are farm saved. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the stock of farm saved seeds for enhancing crop production/productivity. For this, seed production, seed distribution and other connected aspects will have to be improved and strengthened at the farmers’ level. To upgrade the quality of farmer-saved seed which is about 80-85% of the total seed used for crop production programme, it is proposed to provide financial assistance for distribution of foundation/certified seed at 50% cost of the seed of crops for production of certified /quality seeds only and to provide training on seed production and technology to the farmers.

The seed produced in these seed villages will have to be preserved/stored till the next sowing season. In order to encourage farmers to develop storage capacity of appropriate quality, assistance will be given to farmers for making/procuring of Pusa Bin/Mud bin/Bin made from paper pulp for storing of seed produced by the farmers on their farms.

Implementing Agencies :

The implementing agencies will be State Departments of Agriculture, State Agriculture Universities, Krishi Vigyan Kendras, State Seeds Corporation, National Seeds Corporation, State Farms Corporation of India (SFCI), State Seeds Certification Agencies, Department of Seed Certification. One implementing agency will be identified for the area/locality and is to be authorized by the State Government. v. Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan states

In order to improve livelihood opportunities and to bring prosperity to the North Eastern Region (NER) including Sikkim, Government of India launched a Technology Mission for North East for integrated Development of Horticulture in 2001-02. Considering the potential of Horticulture for socio-economic development of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, Technology Mission was extended to these States from 2003-04. With effect from

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2014-15, HMNEH scheme has been subsumed under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH). HMNEH is based on the “end-to-end approach” taking into account the entire gamut of horticulture development, with all backward and forward linkages, in a holistic manner.

The objectives of the Mission are:

. To improve the production and productivity of horticulture crops by harnessing the potential of the region.

. Special emphasis on “Low Volume, High Value, Less Perishable Horticulture Crops”.

. A horticulture based farming system to be developed, thereby providing viable and ample opportunities for employment, especially for women, besides improving productivity of land. b. Livestock

The various schemes being implemented by the Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Department supported by Assam Livestock Development Agency (ALDA), ARIASP, AACP, ASCAD, NERDDL and State Plans are discussed below briefly:

1.Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project (AACP) Though Assam has enormous potential for livestock and poultry farming, lack of knowledge and interest are some of the factors that prevent the youths to avail opportunity in joining this entrepreneurship. To create awareness on scientific rearing and management of Crossbred Cattle through A.I. (Artificial Insemination), the department has organized various programmes like holding of free Animal Health Camps and Calf Rallies etc., under AACP (Assam Livestock Development Agency-ALDA which is a component of AACP).

2.National Project for cattle and Buffalo Breeding [NPCBB]

This is a centrally sponsored scheme. The State Implementation unit of NPCBB was established in the name of Assam Livestock Development agency in the year 2004. Under NPCBB, Assam 73 KVK,SONITPUR

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Livestock Development Agency (ALDA) renovated the semen station and restructured it as per the advice of the Central Monitoring Unit. ALDA also brought 14 new purebred Jersey Bull Calves of high pedigree as per MSP norms from Sunaveda Central Government Jersey Bull Rearing Farm in Orissa. Currently the station is producing annually around 1.50 lakh - 2.00 lakh frozen semen doses.

3.Coordinated Cattle Breeding Project [CCBP] The main component of the Veterinary Department is Cattle Breeding. India, although shares more than 20 percent of the World’s Cattle population, contributes only 15 percent of the live stock products due to poor productivity from the non-descript cattle breed. The basic aim of launching the CCBP is to select future proven bull through the process of SIRE EVALUATION in order to enhance the milk production economically as well as to reduce the gap between demand and supply of milk.

4.National Project on Rinderpest Eradication [NPRE]: The department has successfully completed all the three phases of the NPRE programme in the state as per the guidelines of Govt. of India. Surveillance programme are being conducted under NPRE for total eradication of Rinderpest and Bovine Contagious pluro Pneumonia. The Institute of Veterinary Biologicals, Khanapara is producing and procuring vaccines against economically important diseases of animals and birds to fulfill the need of the State. During 2008-09 and 2009-10, 33.28 lakh doses of different types of vaccines have been distributed to the field under the aid of ASCAD.

5.Schemes for Women Considering the specific needs and for development of economic conditions of womenfolk the Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Department has formulated strategies to involve them in livestock and poultry development programmes. Women SHGs will be given preference for selection of beneficiaries and special employment oriented schemes for women individually or through SHG’s in the areas of Poultry & Duckery, Cattle, Piggery and Goatery. Schemes of

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Special training programme will also be provided to the women beneficiaries for capacity building.

6.Dairy Development The Dairy Development in Assam was initiated in the latter part of the Second Five Year Plan period with the basic concept of procurement, processing and distribution of milk and aiming at economic upliftment of rural milk producers as well as to generate employment opportunities among the farming communities and to help urban consumers to get quality milk at a reasonable price.

7.Rastriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY) Under the RKVY an amount of `330.00 lakh has been received from the Govt. of India through the Nodal Agency i.e., Agriculture Department during the year 2008-09.The objective of the project is to enhance milk production in the state through induction of 1000 no of Milch cattle to the selected 500 beneficiaries in the 9 project districts namely Kamrup, , Darrang, Sonitpur, Morigaon, Nagaon, , Jorhat and . The capacity building to rear high yielding milch catt le with fodder development has also been completed under the scheme. During the year 2009-10, it is planned to induct 2000 no milch cattle to the selected 1000 beneficiaries in 21 project districts under the scheme.

9.Milk Village Scheme (State Plan) This is a State Plan Scheme meant for distribution of cross bred cattle among the people of selected villages on a cluster basis in different sub-divisions of the State. Cattle along with calf and other inputs like cattle insurance, cowshed, medicine, feed and fodder are provided to the beneficiaries. An amount of 242.00 lakh is proposed to assist 311 beneficiaries during 2010-11. The assistance include two cross breed jersey cows along with calf, cattle shed, insurance, medicine and fodder, training etc under the scheme.

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Employment Generation Scheme for Local Dairy Unit (State Plan) Under this programme the rural NGOs, Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCSs) and Self Help Groups will be imparted training for rearing high yielding milch animal, preparing indigenous dairy products etc. The main thrust of this scheme would be to create gainful employment /engagement as well as to provide remunerative price to the milk produced in the rural areas having less or no scope for marketing the milk. The programme covers the following : • Training of NGOs, DCSs and SHGs – Rearing of High Yielding milch cattle, collection of quality milk, hygienic preparation of milk products and its preservation and marketing; • Provide 24 nos of high yielding milch cattle to each group; • Provide infrastructure for rearing cattle; • Provide infrastructure for preparation of the indigenous dairy products. Margin money @50 percent of the total capital cost of the scheme i.e., `7.92 lakh to each group;

c. Fisheries 1. Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project (AACP) The Department of Fisheries, Assam over 8 years from 1995-96 took up poverty alleviation through piscicultural activities and infrastructure development under the World Bank assisted ‘Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services Project’ with provision of Rs. 28.37 Crore. This was a multi-component project with successfully implementation of beneficiary oriented aspects like farmers’ pond, community tank and integrated fisheries. Fish production level in the ponds & tanks enhanced almost three-fold. It has to be noted that there have been immense intangible benefits that have accrued from the project, namely acceptance of fishery as economic activity among non-traditional fishers, acceptance of scientific practices, replication of fish culture model among nearby farmers (multiplier effect) and synergy with local communities to develop on a group principle

To ensure continuing success to these developments, Department of Fisheries needs to undertake a follow-on thrust with the objective to: - Improve Assam's fish industry in an integrated & systematic manner to increase competitiveness among poor & marginal

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 communities / farmers dependent on fish for primary or secondary income as an effort to alleviate poverty with thrust on production. With a view on this objective Fishery Department Assam, would take up, yet again, a multi-pronged approach for developing the sector with the project Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project with support of the World Bank. To ensure comprehensive development the components / sub-components of the project presently targeted are: -  Capacity Building & Institutional Development  Fish Seed Production and Distribution  Fish Production (Farmers Pond & Community Tank)  Integrated Fish Farming  Development of Beel Fisheries  Demonstration Projects (Air breathing fishes)  Pilot Projects  Studies  Market Development (Reflected in other costab, component design under development)  2.State Plan a.MUKHYAMANTRIR MATSYA BIKASH ASONI A. Construction of New Ponds (Gen) – Community/SHG (Mukhya Mantrir Amar Pukhuri Asoni) Eligibility Criteria a) Water spread area: Min - 0.5 ha; Max - 2 ha b) Target beneficiary: Community with minimum 10 members c) There should not be any dispute among the members d) Proposed/identified area should be common property resource or Govt. Khas land / community or Institution own land e) Single ownership land (patta holder) is not eligible. f) If the Community/SHG/Group has taken the area on lease, it should not be less than 7

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years commencing from not earlier than 1st January of the implementing year

B. Construction of New Ponds (Gen) - Individual (Mukhyamantrir 'Matsyajyoti' Asoni) Eligibility Criteria a) Water spread area: Min - 0.25 ha; Max – 0.4 ha b) Target beneficiary: Individual interested in fish farming c) In case of Individual scheme ownership of the land must belong to the beneficiary. If the ownership of the land belongs to other family member/s, he should obtain no objection certificate duly authenticated from the owner and countersigned by the President of Gaon Panchayat/ Govt. appointed Gaonburha. d) DFDO or his designated officers should ensure ownership of the land for development and copies of land records has to be maintained in the O/O the DFDO for verification

1. Women Empowerment programme (Gen): Construction of New Ponds - Women SHG (Mukhyamantrir Mahila Sambriddhi Yojona - 'Lakhimi) Eligibility Criteria a) Water spread area: Min - 0.5 ha; Max - 2 ha b) Target beneficiary: Exclusively Women SHG with Fishery as main activity with minimum 8 members c) There should not be any dispute among the members d) Proposed/identified area should be common property resource e) Single ownership land (patta holder) is not eligible. f) If the SHG has taken the area on lease, it should not be less than 7 years commencing from not earlier than 1st January of the implementing year

3.The National Fisheries Development Board (NFDB) NDFB is mandated to play a critical role in this direction. An amount of Rs.457.62 crores has been earmarked for development of intensive aquaculture in ponds and the proposed activities are expected to generate 3 substantial investments resulting in an annual additional production 78 KVK,SONITPUR

District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 of 26.5 lakh tonnes of fish. The present guidelines on intensive aquaculture in ponds and tanks cover a wide gamut of activities ranging from fish seed and table fish production to human resource development. The objectives of the guidelines are to bring in more clarity and objectivity, thus facilitating the implementing agencies in preparation and submission of suitable proposals in tune with the criterion evolved by the NFDB for providing assistance for development of intensive aquaculture in the country.

Address for communication National Fisheries Development Board Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India "Fish Building" Pillar No:235, PVNR Expressway SVPNPA Post,Hyderabad-500052. Tel: + 91 - 040 - 24000201/177/24015553

Table 11: Schemes and plans Under Crop/ Fisheries /Livestock sector in Sonitpur District Crop Sl. No Schemes i. RKVY ii. RKVY(Horti) iii. HMNEH iv. NFSM-Rice v. NFSM-Pulse vi. State Plan-Hort vii. State Plan-IIP(Increasing Irrigation on Potential viii. DISASTER Management ix. National mission for Oilseed & Oilpalm x. Mukhya Mantrir Momai Tamuli Borboruah Krishak Bondhu Achani(Mission Double Crop) under NAEP.

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Fisheries Scheme Fisheries Sl. No Scheme i. Fish and fish seed farming ii. Mukhya Mantrir Matsya Mitra Asoni iii. Development of Fresh water Aquaculture Through FFDA. iv. Reclamation of Derelict water bodies. v. National Welfare fund for fishermen. vi. Development of beel and open water fisheries(SCSP) vii. Rural Infrastructure Development Fund viii. Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project(AACP) ix. RKVY x. National Fisheries Development Board. Livestock AH & Veterinary. Livestock Sl No AH & i. Rural Infrastructure Development Fund(RIDF) Veterinary ii. State Plan for Fodder Production iii. Grassland Development Project(GLDP) iv. Fodder Seed Distribution Program(under RKVY) v. Assistance to State for Control of Animal Diseases(ASCAD) vi. National Project on Cattle- Buffalo Breeding (NPCBB) vii. Assam Agricultural Competitiveness Project (AACP) viii. Additional Central Assistance (ACA), for enhancing milk production in Sonitpur district. ix. Bovine Contagious Pneumonia Project (BCPP) x. National Project on Rinderpest Eradication (NPRE) xi. Integrated Dairy Development Project (IDDP)- Phase -I xii. Livestock Insurance Scheme. xiii. Co-ordinated Cattle Breeding Project (CCBP)

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Chapter-7

Farm machinery suitable to the District

1. Tractor

Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers. Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley. CLASSIFICATION OF TRACTORS : Tractors can be classified into three classes on the basis of structural-design: (i) Wheel tractor: Tractors, having three of four pneumatic wheels are called wheel tractors. Four wheel tractors are most popular everywhere. (ii) Crawler tractor: This is also called track type tractor or chain type tractor. In such tractors, there is endless chain or track in place of pneumatic wheels. (iii) Walking tractor (Power tiller): Power tiller is a walking type tractor. This tractor is usually fitted with two wheels only.

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2.Power tiller It is a prime mover in which the direction of travel and its control for field operation is performed by the operator walking behind it. It is also known as hand tractor or walking type tractor. Power tiller was first introduced in India in the year 1963. Power tiller may be called a single axle walking type tractor, though a riding seat is provided in certain designs. Average size of holding in India is about 2.5 hectares. There are 89% of total land holdings of less than six hectares. Under such conditions, power tiller may be useful as a power unit. Components of power tiller: A power tiller consists of the following main parts: (1) Engine (2) Transmission gears (3) Clutch (4) Brakes (5) Rotary unit. All the power tillers are fitted with an I. C. engine. At present, most of the power tillers are fitted with diesel engine. The makes like Kubota, Mitsubishi, and Sarachi have used diesel engine in India.

3.Self-propelled paddy transplanter

It is a single wheel driven and fitted with diesel engine. The machine is riding type and it transplants seedlings from mat type nursery in eight rows in a single pass. The drive wheel receives power from the engine through V -belt, cone clutch and gearbox. A propeller shaft from the gear box provides power to the transplanting mechanism mounted over the float.

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The float facilitates the transplanter to slide over the puddle surface. The tray containing mat type nursery for rows is moved sideways by a scroll shaft mechanism, which converts rotary motion received from the engine through belt-pulley, gear and universal joint shaft into linear motion of a rod connected to the seedling tray having provision to reverse the direction of movement of tray after it reaches the extreme position at one end. Fixed fork with knock out lever type planting fingers (cranking type) are moved by a four bar linkage to give the designed locus to the tip of the planting finger.

4. Reaper and Reaper binder

The reaper-binder, or binder, was a farm implement that improved upon the reaper. In addition to cutting the small-grain crop, it would also tie the stems into small bundles, or sheaves. These sheaves were then 'shocked' into conical stooks, resembling small tipis, to allow the grain to dry for several days before being threshed. Early binders were horse-drawn and powered by a bull wheel. Later models were tractor-drawn. The implement had a reel and a sickle bar, like a modern grain head for a combine harvester, or combine. The cut stems would fall onto a canvas, which conveyed the crop to the binding mechanism. This mechanism bundled the stems of grain and tied a piece of twine around the bundle. Once tied, it was discharged from the back of the binder. With the replacement of the threshing machine by

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 the combine harvester, the binder became almost obsolete. Some grain crops such as oats are now cut and formed into windrows with a swather. With other grain crops such as wheat, the grain is now mostly cut and threshed by a combine in a single operation, while the binder is still in use at small fields or outskirts of mountain areas.

5. Bed Planter

The bed planter consists of a frame, planting hoppers, fertilizer box, furrow openers, bed shaper. and power transmitting wheel. The frame is made of mild steel sections. The furrow openers are ridger type and have mouldboard and share point. The wingspan of the mouldboard can be adjusted. The share is made of medium carbon steel or alloy steel, hardened and tempered to suitable hardness. The machine makes two beds. Machine can sow two or three rows of wheat on each bed. Machine has seed metering unit of vertical disc type. The draft requirement of the machine is reduced due to roller type bed shaper.

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6. Seed Dressing Drum

These drums are widely used for treating and dressing the seeds, making them resistant to pets and insects before sowing. Manufactured from galvanized iron sheet, this type of drum is mounted on an strong built of angle iron frame.Available in different capacities, this Manually Operated Seed Dressing Drum is offered at cost effective prices.

Features

 Designed with a sliding gate for easy loading and unloading of seeds and chemicals  Durable handle for rotating the drum manually  Rust proof finish

7. Maize Planter

A seed drill refers to a planting device that is driven by a tractor. Usually a seed drill has a tube containing seeds. The coulter cut the soil open and seeds in the tube falling into the soil, then a rake covering the soil directly. The corn planter integrates all the function, besides, it can also finish fertilizing process simultaneously. It applies to seed and fertilize corn, soybean, and other suitable plant without ploughing. This kind of corn seeding machine is applicable in plains and hilly areas with high flexibility. The specially designed grain drill can complete the work of

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 loosing soil, digging, applying fertilizer, seeding, covering oil in one operation. With adjustable seeding capacity, seeding row space and working width, corn planter has showed extraordinary performance among the corn planters.

8.Small combine Harvester

Walking-type small combine harvester, a kind of multi-functional combine harvester, is mainly suitable for small scale rice and wheat harvesting. It combines reaping, threshing, stripping, winnowing and packing into a single process. It relieves the farmers from heavy grain crops harvesting work.

Characters of Small Combine Harvester * Applicable for mountainous area, hilly land, paddy field, terraced field and mud field, where the general combine harvester cannot enter in. * Light weight ensures flexible steering. *Automatic, self-propelled harvester driven by diesel engine, suitable for small scale rice and wheat harvesting. * Special wheel for paddy field, the depth of mud can reach to 30cm. * The height of picking up can be adjusted casually.

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9.Rotary Weeder

Rotary weeder are devices used for removing the weeds, stirring and pulverizing the soil and for loosening the soil after the crop has begun to grow. The blades present in this weeder rotate efficiently for cutting and mulching of soil. This weeder is self propelled.

10.Hydraulically operated Power Harrow

Hydraulic Harrow is designed to work in tougher operating conditions. It is used in larger open fields for superficial ploughing, shattering of clods, burial of organic substances, breaking the roots and preparation of soil for sowing. Well designed hydraulic mechanism & tyre mechanism 87 KVK,SONITPUR

District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 are both reliable and durable, which enables it to control depth of cut and facilitate transportation.

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Annexure

1. Telephone directory of important agriculture/related office in Sonitpur District

i.Contact persons of Agriculture Department of Sonitpur district

Sl. Name Contact No. No Sri Karuna Kanta Nath, DAO, Sonitpur 1. 9435181580

Sri Swapan Sarma,Asstt. Director of Agril 2 9435490677

Dr. Minoti ,Asstt. Director of Agril 3 9864988488

4 Sri Bharat Rajbonshi,SDAO 9435380279

5 Sri Shyamal Swargiary,SDAO 9577528342

6 Azim Ahmed,Sr. ADO 9864082442

7 Sri Premeswar Nath,ADO 9435068499

ii.Contact Persons of Animal Husbandry Department in Sonitpur District

Sl. Name of Office Name of officer / Contact No No Designation

District Veterinary Office Dr Anup Kr Das 1 9435136398 Tezpur,Sonitpur, Assam DVO District Veterinary Office Dr Binoy Kr Barman 2 9435081851 Tezpur,Sonitpur, Assam SDVO Fodder Development Officer Dr Dilip Sarmah 3 9435180294 Tezpur,Sonitpur, Assam

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District Diagnostic Laboratory, Near Eid Dr Prasanta Kr Das 4 8876718938 Gah Field, Tezpur ,Sonitpur. ARO(i/c) District Diagnostic Laboratory, Near Eid Dr Gayatri Das 5 7578014424 Gah Field, Tezpur ,Sonitpur. V.O State Veterinary Dispensary,RAIC Dr Kakoli Basumatary 6 9401057456 Bhutpara. V.O

iii.Contact Persons of Fisheries Department In Sonitpur district

Sl Officers Designation Phone numbers No. 1 Mr. Tapan Gogoi DFDO 9954220839 2 Mr. Trithanath SDFDO 7896679760 3 Mr. Himanshu Prakash Das FEO 9954040482 4 Md Ibuddin Ahmed FEO 8876806175 5 Mr. Pradip Kr Das FEO 9435766522 6 Mr. Mukut Baruah FEO 9854593303 7 Mr. Pulakananda Talukdar FEO 9954080815 8 Mr. Dimeshwar Chaliha FEO 9508719745 9 Mr. Nilanjana Das FEO 9435001845 10 Mr. Prafulla Bhuyan FEO 9864423588

2.Average nutrient content of common manures and fertilizers

Material Nutrient content (%) N P2O5 K2O Ammonium sulphate 20.5 - - Ammonium sulphate 26.0 - - nitrate Ammonium nitrate 33.5 -- - Calcium ammonium 20.5/25.0 - - nitrate Urea 46.0 - - Superphosphate - 18.0 - (single) Muriate of potash - - 50/60 FYM 1.0 0.5 1.0 Compost 0.5 0.4 0.8 Vermicompost 1.5 0.4 1.8

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Cowdung 1.0 0.5 1.0

3.Preparation of safer pesticides for common use a. Insecticides 1. Kerosene emulsion This is a contact insecticide useful against many sucking insects. For preparing this, slice 500 g of ordinary bar soap and dissolve in 4.5 litres of water by boiling. Cool and add 9 litres of kerosene under violent agitation till the oil is fully emulsified. The stock solution may be diluted with 15-20 times of water before spraying.

2. Tobacco decoction This is very effective for controlling aphids and other soft-bodied insects infesting vegetable crops. Tobacco decoction can be prepared by steeping 500 g of tobacco waste in 4.5 litres of water for 24 hours. Dissolve 120 g of ordinary bar soap separately in another vessel. The soap solution is added to tobacco decoction under violent agitation. Dilute this stock solution 6-7 times before spraying.

3.Neem kernel suspension (NKS)

This is very effective as a repellent/deterrent against locusts, grasshoppers and other chewing insects particularly lepidopterans. The kernel should be ground into a coarse powder. The effective concentration of NKS ranges from 0.1 to 0.3%. For obtaining 0.1% concentration, 1g of powered neem seed is required per litre of water. The required quantity of the coarse powder should be put in a small muslin cloth bag and dipped in water for about 12 hours. Thereafter,

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District Inventory of Agriculture 2015-16 squeeze the cloth bag repeatedly so that the out-flowing fluid turns light brownish. The NKS is now ready to be sprayed as such on crops.

4.Neem oil + garlic emulsion (2%)

To prepare 10 litres of 2% neem oil + garlic emulsion, 200 ml neem oil, 200 g garlic and 50 g ordinary bar soap are required. Slice the bar soap and dissolve in 500 ml lukewarm water. Grind 200 g of garlic and take the extract in 300 ml water. Pour the 500 ml soap solution in 200 ml neem oil slowly and stir vigorously to get a good emulsion. Mix the garlic extract in the neem oil + soap emulsion. Dilute this one litre stock solution by adding 9 litres of water to get 10 litres of 2% neem oil + garlic emulsion. b. Preparation of common fungicides

1.Bordeaux mixture (1%)

Dissolve 1 kg of powdered copper sulphate crystals in 50 litres of water. In another 50 litres of water, prepare milk of lime with 1 kg of quick lime. Pour the copper sulphate solution into the milk of lime slowly stirring the mixture all the while. Test the mixture before use for the presence of free copper, which is harmful to the plants, by dipping a polished knife in it. If the blade shows a reddish colour due to the deposits of copper, add more lime till the blade is not stained on dipping. Always use wooden, earthen or copper vessels for the preparation of Bordeaux mixture. In order to confer sticking qualities to Bordeaux mixture, rosin washing soda mixture, may be added. The addition of the sticker is particularly recommended for sprayings conducted during rainy season. For preparing the mixture, 10 litres of water out of 100 litres required for preparing Bordeaux mixture may be kept apart. Boil 10 litres of water, preferably in an earthen pot and add 500 g of good quality washing soda (sodium carbonate). Boil again until the solution becomes slightly dark in colour. Add 1 kg of powdered rosin (arpoos) in the boiling washing soda solution. Reduce the flame for avoiding frothing, foaming and spilling over. Boil the solution for 5-10 minutes till black bubbles appear. Cool the solution until the temperature reaches below 45ºC. The cooled mixture (10 litres) is then added slowly to the prepared Bordeaux mixture (90 litres) under vigorous stirring.

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2. Bordeaux paste

Dissolve 100 g of copper sulphate and 100 g of quick lime each in 500 ml of water separately. Mix together to make one litre of the paste.

3. Chestnut compound

Weigh 60 g copper sulphate and 330 g of ammonium carbonate. These two are well powdered and thoroughly mixed. The dry mixture is stored in an airtight glass container for 24 hours before use. About 25 g of this mixture is dissolved in a little hot water and solution is made up to 8 litres with cold water and used for soil drenching.

4.Asafoetida-Turmeric mixture

This preparation can be used for controlling bacterial wilt of solanaceous vegetables like tomato.This should be applied as soil drench for three times after 15,30 and 45 days of transplanting the vegetables.The mixture can be prepared in the following way. 1.Both Asafoetida and turmeric should be ground into powdery form. 2. 1.5 gram asafoetida and 5 gram turmeric powder should be dissolved in a little amount of water. 3. Finally the volume of the mixture is to be made upto 10 litres by pouring required quantity of water into it. 4.The mixture is now ready for soil drenching.

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