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Zeitschrift/Journal: BFB-Bericht (Biologisches Forschungsinstitut für Burgenland, Illmitz 1

Jahr/Year: 1978

Band/Volume: 25

Autor(en)/Author(s): Schmidt Z., Halouzka R., Nosek Josef, Sixl Wolf

Artikel/Article: Quarternary of the southern part of south slowakian lowland 1-10 © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

BIOLOGISCHE STATION NEUSIEDLERSEE BIOLOGISCHES FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT FÜR BURGENLAND A 7142 ILLMITZ, BURGENLAND, TEL. 02175/328

BPB - Bericht 25 " 1978

Quarternary Mollusca of the Southern Part of South Slowakian Lowland

von Z. Schmidt +) R. Halouzka +) J. Nosek +) W. Sixl +)

+) Dionyz Stur Institut of Geology, Bratislava, CSSR +) Dionyz Stur Institut of Geology, Bratislava, CSSR +) Institute of Virology,Slovak Akademy of Sciences,Bratislava,CSSR +) Institute of Hygiene, Graz, Austria © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

Quarternary Mollusca of the Southern Part of South Slovakian Lowland The evolution of system of alluvial-cones on the western foot of Zemplin hills and under Slänske Mountains belongs mainly into ++ Zolcän Schmidt, Josef Nosek , Rudolf Halouzka, Wolf Sixl Riss and continued through Wurm-glacial. Dionyz Stür Institute of Geology, Bratislava, CSSR 2. Material and Methods . " + Institute of virology Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava Institute of Hygiene, University Graz, Austria Mollusca 11 9o3 in number in different state of preservation, juvenils and adults were yielded. The samples weighing 12 - 15 kg (exceptionally 4-5 kg) were collected in the years 1971 - 1973 during the Quarternary geological (Banacky) and geomorphological 1. Introduction investigations (Kvitkovic). The flotation metod for treatment of 2. Material and Methods samples was used. 3. Analyses of Quarternary Mollusca 4. Lithological Survey of Sediments 3. Analyses of Quarternary Mollusca 5. Systematic Survey of Qjarternary Mollusca 6. Ecological Evaluation of Quarternary Mollusca The analyses of Quarternary Mollusca are given in tables 1-18. 7. Stratigraphical Evaluation of Quarternary Mollusca The original designation of sounding profiles was used. 8. Conclusion 4. Lithological Survey of Sediments 9. Acknowledgement 1o. References The lithological conditions are evaluated graphically (see Figs 2 and 3) . 1 . Introduction 5. Systernatic Survey of Quarternary Mollusca from The examined reg ion of East Slovakian lowland is bordered on Sound ing-Profiles on East-Slovakian Lowland the West with neovulcanits of Slänske Mountains range. Zemplinske Hills protruding from lowland between Ronva and Ondava rivers are The different specie s of Mollusca yielded during mostly formed with younger Paleozoic, sporadically with Mesozoic quarternal geclogical (Banacky 1972, 1973) and geomorphological and a row of vulcanic bodies in mountains and on their periphery. investigations (Kvitkovic, 1971) on East-Slovakian lowland belong The Quarternary underlying in examined region is formed with to the 17 families. sedimentary Neogen, chiefly Badenian, Sarmatic and Pliocene group of strata. The older sediments, e.g., Eggenburg-sediments VALVATIDAE occur only on tne periphery of East Slovakian Neogen and Carpathian Valvata O.F.MÜLLER, 1774 basins, less in the basic part of Npogenic filling. Valvata cristata O.F.MÜLLER, 1774 The Praequarternary relief has been changed during the Quarternary Valvata piscinalis (0.F.MÜLLER, 1774) period (Banacky, 1974). Beside of young tectonic mobility, the ex- ternal processes have been strongly effective. Water is very important Valvata pulchella {STUDER, 182o) during the whole development of Quarternary as sedimentary - and HYDROBIIOAE erosion factor. Lithoglyphinae Under influence of fluvial activity the sediments of great thickness have been formed. The very young fluvial sediments occur Lithoglyphus HARTMANN, 821 in small depressions on the large territory along the both banks Lithoglyphus naticoides (C.PFEIFFER, 1828) of Latorica, Laborec, Ondava, Bodrog, Ronva rivers. They are represented with sandy-, loam- and clay inundation muds on BITHYNIIDAE Pleistocene sands, loams and clays. Bithynia LEACH, 1818 Gravels and sands spread approximately from the North to the Bithynia tentaculata (LINNE, 1758) line Trebisov-Budkovce-Lekärovce; from this line to the South and Bithynia leachi (SHEPPARD, 1823) South-East the area of sandy sediments begins. The group of gravel layers do not reached the surface. The sandy fluvial sediments are LYMNAEIDAE deposed prevalently in southern and southeastern part and their L y m n a e a LAMARCK, 1799 thickness ranges after morphology of substrate depending on the Galba SCHRANK, 18o3 manifestation of young tectonics and erosion. The thickness of sandy Lymnaea palustris (O.F.MÜLLER, 1/74) sediments reached 15 - ?o m. Radix MONTFORT, 181o Beside of fluvial activity, eolian activity in the forming of Lymnaea peregra (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) East Slovakian lowland has been of importance. The results of this activity are cower of loesses and loessic loams and eolian sands PLANORBIOAE deposed in different formations. Planorbinae The compact area of loesses occurring between Ondava and Laborec Helisomateae rivers, from Bänovce above Ondava to the locality Oborin reached of thickness 2 - 15 m. They are limestonic sediments with amounts Planorbarius FRORIEP, 16o6 of CaCO3 concretions. The loessic sediments are deposed on Pliocene Planorbarius corneus (LINNE, 1758) clays and gravels. The loesses as relics may be foilowed on different localities on periphery of Zempiin-islet, e.g., Brehcv, Borsa etc. Planorbae The loessic loams on the eastern slopes and foothills of Zemplin- Anisus STUDER, 182o islet reached of very high thickness. Anisus spirorbis (LINNE, 1758) Beside of vulcanic bodies protruding over surround ing terrain Anisus leucostomus (MILLET, 1813) the surface of southern and southeastern part is variegated with Gyraulus CHARPENTIER, 1837 eolian sands. Area of these sands spreads prevalently from Latorica Gyraulus albus (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) river to the South up to Tisa river. The sands cower also the slopes Gyraulus acronicus (FERRU3SAC, 18o7) and the whole hills protruding from andesites. The dunes spread in altitude of 1O5 - 113 m, on the vulcanites up to of 2oo m alti- COCHLICOPIDAE tude. The bases of dunes are situated on the fluvial sands and loams Cochlicopa RISSO, ;826 of young Pleistocene and belong to the young Pleistocene or late glacial. The dunes on alluvion of Ondava river are morphologically *'•/'"*-• • • - Cochlicopa lubrica (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) very striking. Recently, the eolian relief is strongly changed owing ; to erosion and deflation. •'•• ' ' ' '" Truncateilininae ?• v Columella WESTERLUND, 1878 Dedicated to the "Fifthieth Anniversary" of RNDr.Vojen LOZEK Dr.Sc. Columella columella (MARTENS, 183o) O.F.MÜLLER, 1774

, ,4, Vertigo pseudosubstriata V.LOZEK, 1954 Vertigo genesii (GREDLER, 1856) • '•••'• :-•. Vertigo parcedentata (A. BRAUN, 184/) .'...... / © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

••: .... v P U P I L L I D A E v'.. retreat of steppes and increasing environmental humidity. The Pupillinae •:• ••-.. solitery occurrence of Vallonia sp. in samples (4.2o - 4.9o m) FLEMING, 1828 indicates also an open stand of loessic-steppe. (STUDER, 182o) The second faunistic complex of this sounding-profile is "' "••"-; "•'"-;-— (LINNE, 1758) represented with sediments in depth from 7.36 - 1O.23 m (Kvitkovic). Pupilla muscorum densegyrata LOZEK, 1954 The maximum occurrence of conchs was observed in samples from depth . . . ' Pupilla sterri (VOITH, 1838} of 9.o1 - 9.66 m. The findings of as Pupilla loessica, Pupilla loessica LOZEK, 1954 - _.. • P.muscorum, P.m. densegyrata, P.triplicata (solitery) and Columella columella, Vertigo pseudosubstriata, V.parcedentata, V.tenuilabris, ' -•"• „ VALLONIIpAE and loessic-species Succinea oblonga or other species respectively * .. "• Valloniinae •- • living locally on loess indicate an open steppe-landscape with very humid but not wet substrate (dominance of Succinea oblonga Vallonia RISSO, 1826 (51.2 %) and the presence of mesophilic element Euconulus fulvus). Vallonia costata (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) [ The same results were obtained from samples collected by Banacky • ' " Vallohia pulchella (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) in depth from 8.4o - 8.5o m. • , '•'. . Vallonia tenuilabris (A.BRAUN, 1843) In overlying of this, with conchs rich horizon in sediments from 7.8o - 8.47 m, especially from 7.36 - 7.8o m the Mollusca E N I D A E "'*••.. were very rare. Only the species indicating the standing or running .•''.. C h o n d r u 1 i n a e water occurred (Valvata piscinalis, Bithynia tentaculata) most Chondrula BECK, 1837 probably the current (Lithoglyphus naticoides) with presence of Chondrula tridens (O.F.MÜLLER, 17/4) hygrophilic species Succinea oblonga in depth of 7.8o - 8.47 m. The similar ecological ratios as in profile S -1 7.36 - 7.8o m . "• S U C C I N E I D A E ' • . .A (Kvitkovic) were confirmed in outcrop No 86 7.4o - 7.8o m (Banacky). Succinea DRAPARNAUD, 18o1 The underlying is characterized with rapid decrease of conchs. Succinea putris (LINNE, 1758) The high dominance of hygrophilic Succinea oblonga (95.349t) and Succinella MABILLE, 187o sporadical occurrence of open stands-elements (Pupilla muscorum Succinea oblonga DRAPARNAUD, 18o1 and Columella columella) testify a humid biotope on the margin of : "' .' ', Oxyloma WESTERLUND, 1885 loessic-steppe in alluvial plain. Oxyloma elegans (RISSO, 1826) ; v-- , , On the basis of fragmentary preserved occurrence of conchs belonging to fami lies Succineidae and Helicidae in depth of 1o,B8 - ' • . V I T R I N I .D A E 11.48 m we can assume the developmental analogy of previous humid Vitrina DRAPARNAUD, 18o1 biotope on the margin of loessic-steppe in alluvial plain. Vitrina pellucida (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) On the basis of ecological analysis of samples from 7.36 - 10.23 m in profile S - 1 we conclude cold to middle-humid environment Z 0 N I T I D A E with maximal humidity on bottom. Z o n i t i n a e ... Locality Cejkov, S - 2 KCH

Perpolita H.B.BAKER, 1928 Two specimens of Pupilla sp. indicate most likely an open Perpolita hammonis (STRÖM, 1765} . • " xerothermic landscape of loessic-steppe. Locality Zemplinske Jastrabie: S - 3 KCH - . . ' Oxychilus FITZINGER, 1833 On the basis of dominance of Mollusca we suppose an open **. . Riedelius HUDEC, 1961 landscape (Pupilla loessica, cf. Valonia sp.) in gulf of larger . \ Oxychilus inopinat us (ULICNY, 1887) current (cf. Planorbarius corneus, cf. AniSUB leucostomus) or • ' . " 7 ' V i t r e i n a e ' •- an open landscape with possible existence of periodic swamps. Vitrea FITZINGER, 1833 .- Locality Petrikovce, S - 2 - B (+BV 56) • - "• Vitrea crystalline (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) Association of fossil Mollusca in sounding profile is represented with high dominance of Pupilla loessica, P.sterri, • EUCONULIDAE P.mJscorum, vallonia tenuilabris, Columella columella and Vertigo Euconulus REINHARDT, 1883 parcedentata. We suppose an open lanscape of steppe-biotope, cold Euconulus fulvus (O.F.MÜLLER, 1774) periglacial environment of glacial Pleistocene-period. Occurrence of mesophilic elements as Euconulus fulvus, especially of Trichia C L A U S I L I I D A E . • • .' '•--" . ''. hispida and bog-species cf. Anisus sp., Vertigo genesii, Gyraulus Clausiliinae acronicus in sediments of sample-horizons (from 3.8o - 6.oo m) Clausilia DRAPARNAUD, 18o5 indicates a near alluvial plain or clear swampy wood, steppe- * . Clausilia dubia DRAPARNAUD, 18o5 forest or forest steppe, respectively. This opinion is supported with high dominance of constant hygrophilic species Succinea oblonga, ... HELICIDAE . ] ' ••;;' J. ,. Helicidae sp. , The sediments of deeper horizons 6.9o - 7.4o m indicate

'••••• Hygromiinae . • exclusively an open landscape of loessic-type a steppe; the Trichia HARTMANN, 184o possibility of periodic swamps is not excluded as showed a sample Trichia cf. striolata (C.PFEIFFER. 1828) from depth of 6.9o - 7.2o m (BV - 56). Trichia hispida (LINNE, 1758) Locality Malcice, S - 3 B The important loessic-species, the extinct Pupilla loessica, "': SPHAERIIDAE Vallonia tenuilabris with Succinea oblonga indicate an open landscape with xerothermic herbaceous community of loessic-steppe. • • Sphaerium SCOPOLI, 1777 • Point 1o - Gas-supply •- ' Sphaerium sp. Association of Quarternary Mollusca with high predominance of Pisidium C. PFEIFFER, 1821 important lcessic-species (Pupilla loessica, P.muscorum densegyrata, Pisidium sp. P.muscorum, P.sterri), and the chief vallonia tenuilabris and Coljmella columella, substantiate convincingly the existence 6. Ecological Evaluation of Quarternary Mollusca of an open landscape of cold, dry loessic-steppe. Locality Brehov, S - 1. The first biotope (o.4o - 2.oo m) Point 24 - Gas-supply represents an open landscape of loessic-steppe {Pupilla muscorum, Community of fossil Mollusca in depth of 1.2o-1.8o m also in P.loessica, Vallonia pulchella, V.tenuilabris, Oxychilus inopinatus, this locality showes an open and cold landscape of dry loessic-steppe. Chondrula tridens), on the border of humid swampy forest along stream (Clausilia dubia). This reality has been confirmed with finding of Valvata piscinalis (living in stand ing or running water) in hori2on o.4o - 1.oo m. The superficial samples (o.4o - 1.00 m) in ecological characteristics of faunistic complex shew a certain

This species is known as immigrant of the late Holocene. Owing its terricolous mode of life its conchs occur commonly in more older © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

Solitary presence of the Central European element ClausiLia dubia open landscape: Columella columella, and Vallonia tenuilabris). signalizes a middle-humid biotope (partial influence of forest or Conversely, in superficial layer the Molluscan fauna has been rock-stand, respectively). It is very frequent species on loesses developed in dry environment cf loessic-steppe (Columella colu- on the periphery of mountains - in this caseon the periphery of mella, Pupilla muEcorum, P.m. dcnsegyrata, Vallonia tenuilabris) the Carpathians. without trees or in neigh-bourhood of alluvial (or slope-forest), Point 25 - Gas-supply respectively (Trichia hispida, Clausilia dubia) which phenomenon Sediment of this sample from 1.80 - 2.4o m arisen in may be confirmed with presence of Valvata piscinalis. conditions of cold climate in open landscape, locally with swampy The Mclluscan fauna of the first and second Loessic-com- biotopes (Vertigo genesii, Lymnaea palustris, Anisus spirorbis, plexes shows the mutual affinity and differs from that of third and high dominance (74.8%) of hygrophilic Succinea oblonga) in complex, The second loessic-complex may be considered as the dry loessic-steppe bordering with alluvial forest or slope-forest, beginning evolutionary line of the env ironment expressed in the respectively. first one. Point 59 - Gas-supply Locality Drahnov, colony Community (Anisus leucostomus, Lymnaea palustris, Succinea Oper, landscape with humid biotope (Cochlicopa lubrica, Euco- putris, Valvata cristata, cf. Oxyloma elegans, Sphaerium sp.) in nulus fulvus, Perpolita hammcnis, Clausilia dubia, Trichia hiepida, depth of 1.9O - 2.1c m in this locality indicates the existence and hygrophilic Succinea oblonga) of loessic-steppe {Vallonia tenui- of swampy b iotope (swampy-loess). labris, Pupilla muscorum, P.m.densegyrata) in neighbourhood of Locality Drahnov, outcrop 42 alluvial plain or alluvial-forest, respectively (Clausilia dubia, Dominance of fauna in identical biotopes (Fig. ) of whole Trichia hispida) . profile showes a more or less constant complex of middle-xerothermic Drahnov, water-supply steppe-community {Pupilla muscorum, P.m.densegyrata, P.triplicatal Open landscape locally with slightly humid rr.esophilic bio- with Chondrula tridens, Vallonia costata, Vitrea crystallina, tope of loessic-steppe (forest-steppe)neighbouring with a swampy- Cochlicopa lubrica, associated with more humid and cold elements wood (Trichia hispida, Clausilia dubia). as Succinea oblonga, Vallonia tenuilabris and Clausilia dubia. Trebisov, TR - 1 Maximum of xerotherrr.ic biotope is in superficial layers Xerothermic biotope strongly humid locally with high dominance 2.7o-4.5o m, chiefly in horizon 2.7o - 3.9o m and dry environment of Succinea oblonga (nore than 5o%); the presence of Vertigo genesii at least is indicated with fauna of middle of profile (5.oo - 6.5o m). is characteristic for both samples 2.1o - 2.5o rn and 2.5o - 3.1o m. Conversely, the samples of depth 7.oo - 8.5o m are characterized Vranov, Vv - 1 with increasing xerothermity. As a whole three mentioned sample- Typical swampy-biotope, probably of an open landscape elevations on the basis represented with mesophilic species {Vallonia costata). (Trichia striolata, T.hispida) and the presence of Vitrea 7. Stratigraphical Evaluation of Quarternary Mollusca crystallina, Euconulus fulvus, Cochlicopa lubrica permit to suppose Locality Brehov, S - 1 the period of their origin the cold climate of open landscape The both faunistic complexes are separated with eemian fossil with xerothermic herbaceous community, further the biotope of soil horizon (5.8o - 6.78 m) without Mollusca. Hoioaretic element forest-less rocks lor slopes) on the border with alluvial forest vallonia pulchella in horizon 4.2o - 4.9o m in profile Brehov, (forest-steppe). outcrop 86 (Banacky) indicates the end of warm interglacial period or the beginning of cooling of atmosphere in insignificant initial The basal sample-elevation in profile No 42 (sample stadial period of WÜrm-glacial. 9.6o - 1o.oo m) representing the beginning of formation of But the first (upper) significant faunistic complex in fossils-bearing complex of sediments (fcrmed with loessic profile Brehov S - 1 (depth of o.4o - 2,o m) belongs to the cold, prevalently dry period (Pupilla loessica, P.muscorum, Vallonia rius corneus supports the existence of standing water, periodic tenuilabris, V.pulchella, Chondrula tridens) probably of the third swamps near a river flow. The composition of fauna in basal stadial of Würm-glacial (to 3). However, in maximum of mentioned elevation indicates only weakly a certain mild warmer environment climate-characteristies in horizon 1.oo - 1.5o m of sounding profile and the existence of stand ing water (swamps) which may be impor- (Kvitkovic), nevertheless the end of generally cold, dry climate tant in this period. cf this stadial may be considered and this tendency increased Locality Drahnov, D - "I especially significantly in elevation above 1.oo m. This inter- Three different loessic-complexes of Molluscan fauna are pretation may be supported with ecologically problematic species distinguishable, each with the constant development of. biotopes. as Vallonia pulchella which occurs first of all in relatively The basal complex of loesses (sample s 9.73 - 1o.5o m) is characteri- warmer phases similarly as Oxychilus inopinatus. The lasting zed with species of middle humid biotopes (Vitrea crystallina, reach of periglacial climate at the end of Würm-glacial is Cochlicopa lubrica, Trichia hispida, as hygrophilic Succinea trustworthy com"ir nieu üy presence- af Palaearctic elements Valvata oblonga), also with biotopes indicating the existence of swamps psicinalis and Vitrina pellucida. With their ecological require- (Lymnaea palustris, Succinea putris) or neigh-bourhood of running ments they belong to the cold and mild humid climate (o.4o -1.oo m). water, respectively (Lymnaea peregra) and slightly represented The max imurn of paleontological findings in under lying of elements of xerothermic herbaceous communities - Pupilla loessica, eemian interglacial in profile 3-1 has been observed in sample Vallonia tenuilabris. These findings testify the development of of depth 9.o1 - 9.66 m. Association of Mollusca indicates a sedirrents in swampy environment of clear alluvial forest or forest- maximum of cold climate in dry loessic-steppe of younger Riss- steppe, respectively. Maximum of this development was observed glacial. This characteristics of climate and biotope is represented in layers of 1o.13 - 1o.45 m. only with frigidophilic (recently extinct) species as Pupilla The middle complex of loesses (samples 4.4o - 5.18 m) is loessica (34.54%), P.muscorum densegyrata and vertigo parcedentata characterized with xerothermic community (Pupilla loessica, Vallcnia with V. pseudosubstriata and with chief species of cold Pleistocene- tenuilabris, Succinea oblonga) already distinctly colder and rrore periods, Northasiatic element Vallonia tenuilabris (9.66%) in this d ry c1imat ic period of loessic-steppe in a landscape probably on horizon. The presence of Columella columella, the high dominance the border of swampy wood (Trichia hispida) or slope-forest, of hygrophilic species Succinea oblonga and occurrence of mesophilic species Euconulus fulvus, show an analogy with general climatic The upper loessic-complex is characterized with higher conditions in culminating Würrr in this region. But the stand- abundance of Quarternary Mollusca and with great number of species. feature has been more of mesophilic character locally (neigh- Conversely, the sediments in the basal and middle layers (3.3o - bourhood of swampy-wood, slope-wood) than during the third stadial 3.8o m and 2.84 - 3.3o m) has been developed in typical swampy- of Würm-glacial (Occurrence of Trichia hispida, cf. T.striolata, environment of middle humid alluvial forest (very high predominance Perpolita hammonis in depth of.2.oo - 2.5o m scunding Brehov, of rr.esophilic elements as Cochlicopa lubrica, Vitrea crystallina, S - 2 (Kvitkovic - Schmidt). We cannot overlook also the possibility Trichia hispida, and elements of stand ing water and swamps as of the end of younger Riss-glacial in both sounding-prolifes in Valvata piscinalis, V.pulchella, Gyraulus albus, Lymnaea palustris, Lymnaea peregra, Succinea putris, above the steppe-elements of © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

agreement with the presence of Meridional Pupilla triplicata in Point 59, Gas-supply profile S - 1 (cf. its occurrence also in sounding S - 2) in The fossil Mollusca (Anisus leucostomus, Lymnaea palustris, depth of 9.01 - 9.66 m. It occurs in relatively warm phases of Succinea putris, Valvata cristata, cf. Oxyloma elegans, Sphaerium sp.) cold period, but also in culminating glacial (Lozek, 1964). in sample from depth of 1.9o - 2.1o m belong probably into final It was found also in depth of 8.4o - 8.5o m, outcrop 86 in locality period of culminating part of Würm-glacial. Cold or mild humid Brehov . climate, respectively; mild climate at least local ly. However, the culminating glacial is indicated with Vertigo Locality Drahnov, outcrop 42 parcedentata, V. pseudosubstriata, the Palaerctic species Valvata The evaluation of Quarternary Mollusca on loess in depth pscinalis occurring in overlying sediments of this horizon indi- of 2.7o - 1o.oo m showed in complex ity that in sample-elevations cates the periglacial, mild climatic conditions at the end of up to 8.5o m (mainly under 4.00 m) the stadial development of younger Riss-glacial. Molluscan commun ity belongs to the young Pleistocene, Würm. The sediment in underlying of this horizon {elevation under Certainly it belongs to the culminating part of Wijrm glacial (W 2, 9.66 m) is of origin in warmer and more humid climatic conditions, W 3), especially Wijrm 2, in superficial sample-elevation (2.7o - probably at the beginning of younger Riss-glacial (veny high 3.9o m), probably to the last stadial (W 3). This age is confirmed dominance of Succinea oblonga (95.36%). * first of all with the finding of Pupilla muscorum and P.triplicata, On the basis of fragmentary preserved conchs of families Vallonia costata and Chondrula tridens, with presence of more humid Succineidae and Helicidae in depth of 1O.98 - 11.14 m in sounding and colder elements Succinea oblonga, Vallonia tenuilabris and S - 1, we cannot indicate the climate during the genesis of this Clausilia dubia in the lower sample-elevat ions of fossils-bearing sediment. The established families enable to suppose an analogy of complex of sedimerts (7.00 - 8.5o m) and nearly identical abundance climatic conditions with overlying samples - change of cold and dry of both elements, especially of Clausilia dubia and Vallonia c1imate into mild one. The age incorporation into older Riss-glacial costata in the higher sample-elevations (middle and upper, i.e., the cannotbeaccented. samples from 2.7o m and chiefly 4.00 - 6.5o m. This is characteristic Locality Brehov, S - 2 •'" • for the biostratigraphy of the second stadial of Würm-glacial (W 2) in our regions (Lozek, 1955). The sounding profile Brehov S - 2 (Kvitkovic and Schmidt) in depth of 1.5o - 3.5o m and the sound ing profile S - 1 in depth The basal sample-elevation (9,60 - I0.00 m) on the basis of of 8.47 - 1o.23 m show the same species-dominance in community of ecological analysis indicates the existence of conditions belonging Quarternary Mollusca and therefore the same diagnosis. It may be probably to the interstadial period of early Würm (sensu Lozek, noted that the composition of Molluscan fauna in profile S - 2 1973), first of all to the final phase of interstadial W 1/2 Brömp). in depth of 3.oo - 3.5c m indicates mostly the mild climate at the end Locality Drahnov, D -1 of the second stadial of Riss-glacial. The samples of profile S - 2 In connection with age of three faunistic loessic-complexes have the accessoric presence of Cochlicopa lubrica, Clausilia sp. in this locality we look the first (upper) complex in depth of and especially Trichia cf. striolata. 2.24 - 3.8o m. The striking occurrence of typical frigidophilic Locality Cejkov, S - 2 KCH i . . • •• elements as Columella columella, Pupilla loessica, P.m. densegyrata, The specimens of Puilla sp. tuntill undetermined) testify Vallonia teruilabris, and the presence of Clausilia dubia enable the existence of culminating period of glacial Pleistocene phase. unambiguously to include this loessic-complex into the third stadial Locality Zemplinske Jastrabie, S - 3 - KCH of Würm-glacial (W 3) with generally cold and dry climate. The established species: PuDilla loessica, Sucninea oblonga, The significant refrigeration (presence of Nothasiatic cf. Vailonia sp., cf. Anisus leucostomus, cf. Planorbarius corneus element Vallonia tenuilabris) and more dry character of climate is from this sediment confirmed unambiguously the glacial character signalized with fauna in samples from depth of 4.4o - 5.15 m of climate, most probably of the young Pleistocene (Würm). which belongs probably to the beginning of the last stadial of Locality Petrikovce, S- 2B (+ BV - 56) Würm-glacial (W 3). The high dominance of chief fossils cf glacials, extinct The significant in sufficiency of chief-species of cold species- Vallonia tenuilabris, Pupilla loessica, P.m.densegyrata, fauna' Vallonia tenuilabris, the small abundance of xerothermic further Columella columella and Vertigo parcedentata enable to elements of Pupills-fauna and the highly prevalent elements of include the genesis of fossils-bearing sediments in depth of 3.8o - middle humid bictopes (Cochlicopa lubrica, Vitrea crystalina, 6.oo m in both profiles (S - 2 B and BV - 56) to the culminating Trichia hispida) in the basal sample-complex of loesses (samples parts of glacial (periglacial) most probably to the younger Pleisto- 9.73 - 1o.6o m) testify the relatively mild warm conditions of cene, Wijrm (w 3, less probably W 2). The extremely cold climate more humid phase, probably of the first stadial period of Würm- culminates in samples from depth of 4.6o - 6.oo m. glacial (W 1 }. Locality Malcice S - 3 B Drahnov-colony The molluscan commun ity: Pupilla loessica (72.o9%), Vallonia The presence of Palaearctic element Perpolita radiatula and tenuilabris (18.61%), Succinea oblonga (9.3o %) indicate first of Holoarctic element Cochlicopa lubrica indicate the passage-periode all the third stadial of younger Pleistocence {Wlirm 3). The or more humide phase of loesses of the final period of culminating Molluscan fauna and slightly-brown loessic sediment indicate the glacial in young Pleistocene (Würm). The cold, mild humid climate. dessication as consequence of cold climate. The presence of Vallonia pulchella indicates a relatively mild climate. Point 1o, Gas-supply Association of fossil Mollusca is composed from the chief- Drahnov - Water-supply species of the culminating part of glacial (Columella columella, The Molluscan fauna belongs to the culminating Würm, Vertigo parcedentata, and glacial-elements of Pleistocene, Vallonia probably to the second stadial of würm-glacial (W 2). tenuilabris). After age of sediments of samples from o.9o - i.5o m Trebisov - TR - 1 depth they belong to the younger Pleistocene - würm (most probably Columells - fauna (Columella columella, Succinea oblonga, Wiirm 3) with minimum cf cold climate and with humid environment in Vallonia tenuilabris, Pupilla loessica, P.muscorum) is characteristic sample frcm 2.oo - 2.1o m (neighbourhood of impermeable underground). for upper loesses of stadial periods of culminating part of Würm- glacial (Lozek, 1955). The cold climate, locally strongly humid Point 24 - Gas-supply stands (Vertigo genesii). ' ... The molluscan commun ity in this sample (1.2o - 1.8o m) confir- med the cold and dry nature of climate in third stadial of younger Vranov - Vv - 1 Pleistocene, Würm 3; locally mescphilic character may oe noted Faunistic-comrnunity of this sample inclines to the colder (Succinea oblonga (42.15%), Clausilia dubia). and more humid phase of some climatic period of the last glacial % Point 25, Gas-supply (culminating through würm?). ' ,- . • ^ •• The culminating part of glacial (periglacial of Würm) 8. Conclusion in younger Pleistocene. The strong humid sediment (Succinea oblonga Spectrum and character of association of Quarternary 74.83%) has been caused locally. This assumption is confirmed with Mollusca give a new evidence on paleographic conditions in the findings of swampy species Vertigo genesii, Lymnaea palustris,'Anisus spirorbis, alsomesophiliccf. Trichia hispida, © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

East Slovakian lowland first of all on specific development of Explication to the figs 2-3: loess;c-sediments in conditions prevalently of aquatic env iron- men t (swampy-loesses) or mesophilic stand, respectively in range 1. Loam (soil) without granular differentiation of lowland regions of the Slovak Carpathians. 2. Loam (generally) without granular differentiation • The biostratigraphical analyses carried out in this region 3. Dusty loam ,;' confirmed the general validity of general climate-character in 4. Slightly sandy dusty loam or dusty-sandy lcam or fine different periods of climatic oscillation in middle and young Pleisto- sandy lcam, respectively cene. On the basis of our investigation we are of opinion that 5. Sandy-loam (generally) • \ : probably the younger Riss-glacial (locality Brehov) has been more 6. Loess arid; conversely, Wünr. in all localities - more humid. 7. Dusty-sandy loess or fine sandy lcess, respective ly The finding of such species a3 Pupilla tridens, Cochlicopa 8. Sandy loess (generally) and strongly sandy loess luOrica, Vitrea crystallina. Vertigo genesii, Valvata piscinalis, 9. Clay-loam Vitrina pellucida and others indicate the cold, cold and dry climatic 10. Clay conditions or relatively warmer and more humide phases of arising 11. Dusty sand (and fine granular) loamized sand or ending stadial or 'interstadial-periods of younger Pleistocene- 12. Dusty sand and fine granular sand Würm, respectively. From this aspect the Molluscan fauna from the 13. Sand (generally) or middle and coarser sand, respectively sediments of surrounding profiles in Drahnov (D-1, and outcrop 42) 14. Sandy gravel and Petrikovce (S - 2 B and BV - 56) is very interesting. 15. Earth of weather-worn substrate, e.g., of andesites Consideration on analogical relationships between the 16. Carbonate horizon genesis of sediments and the relevant climatic factors enable the The lithological tables were established after documentation comparison of loessic regions in the East Slovakian-and Danube- of Kvitkovic and Banacky (Orig.R.Halouzka). lowlands. Stated on the basis of our investigation, the climate in the East Slovakian lowland in Pleistocene (younger and especially Explication to the Ecological Characteristics of Fossil Mollusca middle) has been characterized with continentality (constant occurrence of ex tremely frigido-philic elements comrr.only of Northasiatic origin, e.g., Vallonia tenuilabris, and tundra- H = Hygrophilic species species Vertigo pseudosubstriata, V.parcedentata; further boreo- M = Mesophilic species (middle humid biotopes) alpine element Columella columella and repeated find ings of SW - RW = Standing and running water Vertigo genesii and Pupilla loesica, P.m.densegyrata). The conti- B = Species living in very humid biotopes (swamps, nental ity of climate to a. certain degree is expressed also in the bogs, swampy forests, water-shores) recent climate here. The correlative stratigraphical survey used PS = Per iod ic swamps for comparison of these results was elaborated by Dr.R.Halouzka F = Forest, forest species only for International Geological Correlation Program for Slovakian F, . = Forest, rocks, rubble (P) Quarternary. 0 - Open stands without trees (from humid meadows to steppes); semixerothermic species 9. Acknowledgement S = Steppe-elements (dry, sunny stand without trees) Our thanks are due to Dr.V.Lozek D.Sc. for reading of manuscript and revision of determination of some species. 1o. References Banacky, V., 1974: Concluding rewiev on Quarternary investigation in the East Slovakian low land. Manuscript, Archives of x = extinct species Dionyz Stur's Institute of Geology, Bratislava. + + = important loess-species Lozek, V., 1955: Mollusca of the Czechoslovakian Quarternary. + = loess-species (In Czech), Prague: Publishing House of Czechoslovak (+) = species occurring locally on loess-soils Academy of Sciences 5o9 pp + 2 tables + 1 map + 12 plates. Lozek, V.1956: Key for determination of Czechoslovakian Mollusca. Figs 4-11 Qrig. Z.Schmidt (In Czech), Bratislava: Publishing House of Slovak Academy of Sciences 373 pp + 62 plates. Lozek, V. , 1964a: Quartärmollusken der Tschechoslowakei. Prag: Publishing House of Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences 374 pp + 32 Plates. Lozek, V., 1964b: Stratigraphische Bedeutung der Quartärmollusken. Report of the VI Int.Congr.on Quaternary, Warsaw 1961. Vol.II: Stratigraphical section. Lodz: 131-143 pp. Lozek, v., 1»73a: Nature of Quartern.iry (In Czech). Prague: Academia 372 pp + 26 tables + 2 plates. Lozek, v., 1973b: Relics and picneers. (In Czech). Ziva (Praga) 21: 180-184

Explication to the fig.1 : Fig.1. Localities in which the Quarternary Mollusca were found.

SCANNING AND X-RAY PICTURES © Biologische Station Neusiedler See/Austria; download unter www.biologiezentrum.at

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12 9 0 *+ 30 6 Number of s s columll* elicldaa ap. I individuals * a Vertigo 53 7 H 1 1- T K B - is Number of individuals Vertigo X £ VI 0 4+ e parcedentata Pupilla •niaconm 0 + UtJILU*. ii-d UM Pupilla RusconiB A .Buack^,/ s dansafQrrata 0 * *• 21 9 156 8 BHEHOV, OUTCROP 86 Al. Banaeky/ 12 7 CD Pupilla sterri s + Sample v. I M Pupilla. loaaeica 0 * ** Sample co -) ,i . 22 6 Vallonia Biotop e B,40-8,5 0 7,4^7,8 0 4,20-4,9 0

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Number of individuals j 1 BS /•/ B/V sv-av s /we sv M/V 0 +* 0 •+ 0 + o"« s + o« B/V F/K//V Tp/V M + 1 •» B B Sf/W ES/V o/SX/V Biotop« Biotop« B /•/ « Supl a placlnall pulch«lla paluitrla lubrloa colu««lla twntllabrli Dutrl« oryatalllaa • A/ o •* 0 0 +• F/U//V rp A/ M + r /v «. * /*/ 0 * o'„ 0 0 ** M M 11/*/ u . Lyaoaea Lyana«a paragra GyrauluB albua Cochllspa CQlUMlU Pupilla auacorua p Valvata ValvaU Pupill« auaooru Pupilla Btarri Suodsaa Sucdsaa oblonga Clauallla aubi« Pupilla lo«aalaa Vltrea Trlehfa hiaplda Nuater of lndlvlduala ValloaU

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