Journal of the American Control Association, 16(2):66-7O,2OOO Copyright @ 2000 by the American Mosquito Control Association, Inc.

oN CRAS,S/PES,A NEW RECORD FOR MACAU, WITH A KEY TO ADULTS OF THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES GROUPS OF THE

HELENA C. RAMOS,' H. RIBEIRO,2 C. J. MITCHELL,3 M. TERESA NOVO,' SUSANA BAPTISTA,' CARLAA. sousA,'pAULo " pEDRo,,E. R. EASroNa eNo t1Et]Rt'ffftliir8uo

ABSTRACT, Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes is recorded for the lst time in the Territory of Macau, southern . The systematics of the genus is examined, new species groups are proposed, and a key to subgenera and species groups of Coquillettidia is provided.

KEY WORDS Coquilleuidia crassipes, new record, Macau, systematics

INTRODUCTION from , , , Burma, , southern China, including Several Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes and Macau, , , , Ryukyu-Retto (Van der Wulp) males and females were captured Is- lands, Mariana in the Territory of Macau, southern China, during Islands. , . and Bismark September and October 1997. This is the lst record Archipelago. Figure I shows the approx- imate of this genus and species from the territory, which distribution of the species. was not listed in the last revision of the local mos- Notes on morpholog5r. The following notes are quito fauna (Ramos et al. 1997), although the spe- intended to complete the short known descriptions, (1934) cies was already known from Hong Kong (Chau namely those of Barraud and Delfinado 1982). (1966), because more precise and complete descrip- In the present account, we follow the taxonomic tions of different local Cq. crassipes populations may contribute to clarifing the of the var- treatment of the tribe Mansoniini adopted by "crassipes" Knight and Stone (19'77), recognizing the generic ious forms reported as from numerous status of Coquillettidia Dyar, with subgenera Aas- localities in the Oriental, Indomalayan, and Austral- tromansonia Belkin, Coquillettidia s.s., and Rftyn- asian regions (Belkin 1962). chotaenia Brbthes. New species groups within the FEMALE. Head: With 6 well-developed ocular subgenus Coquillettidia are proposed and a key to setae on each side; vertex with narrow, yellow up- all subgenera and species groups of the genus is right forked scales behind and yellow decumbent provided. The morphologic terminology used fol- scales anteriorly. Ocular line with broad whitish lows that of Harbach and Knight (1980). scales. Antenna, maxillary palpus, clypeus, and proboscis brown with violet sheen. Pedicel yellow, with a few light brown scales. Palpus 0.24.25 C O I LLE TT I D I A (C QA O QU I LLETTI D I A) length of proboscis. Thorax: Scutum yellowish, CRASS/PES with sparse covering of narrow golden scales; (VAN DER WULR I88I) acrostical, dorsocentral, and dorsolateral setae Collection data. Municipal Sanitary Services, brownish; antepronotum with a row of well-devel- Coloane Island: 7 females, September 18, 19971' oped setae on the upper part; postpronotum with Parque Siac Pai Van, Coloane Island: 67 females about 6 well-developed setae curved over anterior and 9 males, September 18--24, 1997. Taoist Cem- spiracle. Mesepimeron with a strong seta at about etery, Taipa Island: 1 male, September 18, 1997. 0.6 of mesomeron. No postspiracular setae. A patch All specimens were captured by light trap with of silvery flat scales on upper part of mesepimeron, COr, except I male and I female landing on human another on mesokatepisternum near mesopleural bait. suture. Without scales on the prealar knob. Integ- Distribution. is known ument of pleura yellowish brown, with some well- defined darker areas. Scutellum without scales, with ICentro de Zoologia, Instituto de Investigagdo Cienti- the usual 3 groups of strong setae. Wlng.' Scales fica Tiopical, Rua da Junqueira, 14, 1300 Lisboa, Portu- narrow and dark, with pronounced purple reflec- gal. tions, without setae at base of subcosta ventrally. 'Unidade de Entomologia M6dica, Instituto de Higiene Alula and calypter fringed. Legs: Femora yellowish e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Jun- at base, purplish on apical 0.5-O.6; hindfemur with queira 96, 1300 Lisboa, Portugal. a median stripe of silvery scales at middle of outer 3 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division Tibiae of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases. PO Box 2087. Fort surface. long and slender, with dark, smooth Collins, CO 80522. scaling. Tarsi all dark, with purple sheen. Abdomen: 4 Centro de Estudos Prd-Universit6rios, Universidade de Terga I-IV dark, mainly covered with purple scales, Macau, Taipa Island, C.P 30O1, Macau. with basolateral yellow patches; terga V-V[I

66 Jur.rE20OO Coguntrtrnm cnAss/pEs rN Mecau (CnrNe)

db

Fig. 1. Coquillettidia (Coquillettidia) crassipes. Approximate area of distribution.

mainly yellow scaled. Sterna II-VI yellow scaled pointed, well sclerotized. Aedeagus as figured, at bases, VII and VIII mainly purple. strongly sclerotized, rounded distally, constricted at MALE. General morphology as in female. Max- about 0.33. Paramere and basal piece well devel- illary palpus: Maxillary palpus longer than probos- oped. Paraproct with 2 strong teeth and a few small cis by slightly less than length of last palpomere, denticles at apex, with 5 or 6 cercal setae. which is about 0.5 length of penultimate palpomere Systematics. The genus Coquillettidia was treat- and turned downward, both moderately setose. ed by Edwards (1932) as a subgenus of Mansonia Genitalia (Fig. 2): Tergum VIII rounded distally, Blanchard, a decision adopted by most subsequent with many setae; sternum VIII with a distinct me- authors. Belkin (1962) recognized 2 strikingly dif- dian lobe at the posterior margin bearing about 12 ferent sections within the tribe Mansoniini (Man- strong appressed setae; tergum IX with wide inter- sonia and MansonioideJ, on one side, and Coquil- lobar space, lobes prominent, with a few weak se- lettidia and Rhynchotaenia, on the other), "it tae. Gonocoxite with numerous long, strong setae considering that may be advisable to recognize on outer aspect and a dense setose area of fine, a separate genus for each." In 1963, Ronderos and moderately long setae on inner aspect at apex. Bas- Bachmann elevated Coquillettidia to generic status. al mesal lobe with a long, strongly sclerotized, This was the taxonomic arrangement adopted in the blunt-tipped rodlike basal mesal seta reaching near catalog of Knight and Stone (1977), with 2 genera apex of gonocoxite. Gonostylus rather narrow ba- within the tribe Mansoniini: Mansonia, with sub- sally, strongly curved, moderately enlarged distally, genera Mansonia s.s. and Mansonioides Theobald, with a spiniform seta on inner margin, at about and Coquillettidia, with Coquillettidia s.s., Rhyn- 0.33, and 2 moderately long, slender setae near chotaenia Brbthes, and Austromansonia, a mono- base of gonostylar claw. Gonostylar claw short, typic subgenus described by Belkin (1968) for his

JUNE 2000 CoeuttLttttott cR4.s^t1pEsnv Mac,Au (CHrN,q.) tribution; the monotypical Metallica Group, endem- - Mesepimeron without scales Subgenus Co- ic to south of the Sahara; and the Perturbans quillettidia,inpart ...... 6 Group, mainly Afrotropical but apparently also in- 3(2) Scales of mesokatepisternum largely con- cluding 3 species in the great Holarctic Region. fined to lower area Subgenus Coquillettidia, The monotypical Metallica Group may be char- in part . 4 acteized, in the adult stage, as follows: postspirac- * Scales of mesokatepisternum extending to ular setae absent; mesokatepisternum with 2 dis- prealar area 5 tinct groups of scales, those of the upper group not 4(3) Wing plume scales narrow; at most I or 2 extending to the prealar knob; mesepimeron with- small setae present at base of subcosta ven- out scales; wings dar[ wing plume scales narrow; trally; hindtibia smoothly scaled; d: sternum without setae at the base of the subcosta ventrally; VIII with a distinct median lobe at the pos- hindtibia long and slender, with smooth scaling; tib- terior margin (Oriental and Australasian) iae and tarsi entirely dark; maxillary palpus of male ..... CrassipesGroup slightly curved downward, 5th palpomere distinctly - Plume scales broader; usually, with at least shorter than 4th; posterior margin of sternum VIII a few setae at base of subcosta ventrally; of male not produced in middle. hindtibia often more or less shaggy; d: ster- The Perturbans Group also may be characterized, num VIII not produced posteriorly (mainly in the adult stage, as follows: postspiracular setae Afrotropical, with a few Holarctic species) absent; mesokatepisternal scales present, not ex- Perturbans Group tending to the prealar knob; with a patch of mesepi- 5(3) Ventral side of subcosta with a large patch meral scales; wings with more or less abundant pale of setae at base; d: 2 last palpomeres slight- scaling (except in Cq. buxtoni and Cq. nigritarsis); ly upturned; 5th palpomere slightly longer wing plume scales broadish; a few setae usually than 4th (Australasian) present at base of subcosta ventrally; hindtibia long . . . . Subgenus Austromansonia and slender, often more or less shaggy; tibiae never - Base of subcosta without ventral setae; d: entirely dark; tarsi ringed or with other pale mark- maxillary palpus turned downward; 5th pal- ings (but dark in Cq. buxtoni); maxillary palpus of pomere about as long as 4th (Australasian) male curved downward; ratio 5th to 4th palpomeres Subgenus Coquillettidia, in part. . Iracunda Group about 1; posterior margin of male sternum VIII not 6(2) Wing entirely dark; plume scales narrow; produced in middle. tibiae and tarsi dark; hindtibia long and slen- As defined, the Perturbans Group includes the der, smoothly scaled, as usual (Afrotropical) Nearctic type species perturbans (Walker, 1856), Metallica Group the Palaearctic buxtoni (Edwards, 1923) and, rich- - Wing, tibiae, and tarsi not entirely dark; iardii (Ficalbi, 1889), and all the Afrotropical spe- plume scales broadish; hindtibia rather short cies except metallica: annettii (Theobald, l90l), and stout, with roughened scaling (Oriental aurea (Edwards, l9l5), aurites (Theobald, 1901), andAustralasian) ... OchraceaGroup chrysosoma (Edwards, l9l5), cristara (Theobald, l9O4), flavocincta (Edwards, 1936), fraseri (Theo- bald, 191l), fuscopennata (Theobald, l9O3), gran- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS didieri (Blanchard, l9O5), karandalaensis (Wolfs, This work was funded by the FundagSo Para a l95l), maculipennis (Theobald, l9ll), microan- Ci6ncia e a Tecnologia through Program PRAXIS nulata (Theobald, 1911), nigritarsis (Wolfs, 1952), XXI, the Fundagdo Macau, Servigos de Saride nigrithorax (Theobald, l9l0), pseudoconopas de Macau, Servigos Florestais de Macau, and the (Theobald, l9l0), rochei (Doucet, l95l), schoute- Universidade de Macau. We are grateful to the Cd- deni (Wolfs, 1948), vanoeyi (Wolfs, 1948), versi- mara Municipal das Ilhas, the Universidade de Ma- color (Edwards, 1913), voltaensis (Danilov, 1982). cau, Direcgdo dos Servigos de Safde, Laborat6rio and wahlbergl (Edwards, 1936). de Saride Riblica, Hospital 56o Janu6rio, and many The following key will separate the 3 subgenera other local authorities for their logistic support dur- and 5 species groups here recognized in the genus ing our stay in Macau. Our special thanks are due Coquillettidia. including the new Metallica and Per- to Jos6 Manuel Machon turbans Groups. and Pak Kun for their ex- cellent cooperation during field work. We also thank Lufs E Marto for his collaboration with rhe illustrations. KEY TO SUBGENERA AND SPECIES GROUPS OF GENUS COQUILLETTIDIA REFERENCES CITED DYAR (ADULTS) Barraud PJ. 1934. Family Culicidae. Tribes Megarhinini I With postspiracularsetae (Neotropical) . . and Culicini. Thefauna of British India, including Cey- . . . . . Subgents Rhynchotaerua lon and Burma. Diptera Volume V. London, United - Without postspiracularsetae . . 2 Kingdom: Taylor and Francis. 2(1) Mesepimeronwith scales 3 Belkin JN. 1962. The mosquitoes of the South Pacific JounNnl on tHn Avrnrc,a.NMosqurro Covrnor- Assocnnox VoL. 16,No.2

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