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Análisis Crítico Del Derecho Fundamental a La Consulta Previa De Las Comunidades Indígenas En Colombia

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Análisis Crítico Del Derecho Fundamental a La Consulta Previa De Las Comunidades Indígenas En Colombia Análisis crítico del Derecho Fundamental a la Consulta Previa de las Comunidades Indígenas en Colombia. Estudio de caso: Comunidad Indígena de Orobajo del Pueblo Nutabe ubicada en el área rural de los municipios de Sabanalarga, Peque e Ituango en el Departamento de Antioquia Judith Cristina Santos Pérez Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente Medellín, Colombia 2019 Análisis crítico del Derecho Fundamental a la Consulta Previa de las Comunidades Indígenas en Colombia. Estudio de caso: Comunidad Indígena de Orobajo del Pueblo Nutabe ubicada en el área rural de los municipios de Sabanalarga, Peque e Ituango en el Departamento de Antioquia Judith Cristina Santos Pérez Tesis presentada como requisito parcial para optar al título de: Magister en Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Director: Msc. Carlos Alberto Zárate Yepes Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas, Departamento de Geociencias y Medio Ambiente Medellín, Colombia 2019 Dedicatoria. A Dios. A mis padres y hermanos, de los que siempre he recibido palabras de apoyo y tenacidad a pesar de los duros momentos. A ti, que siempre creíste en mí. Agradecimientos Mis más sinceros agradecimientos al profesor Carlos Alberto Zárate Yepes, Director de Tesis, por guiarme y orientarme a lo largo de este proceso. A mi familia que es el motor de mi vida; por forjar en mí la persona que soy y sobre todo por soñar conmigo la persona que quiero ser. A mis amigos de los que he recibido alientos y fuerzas, en especial a “Las PalMaYa”, mis hermanas de vida. A esa persona que siempre estuvo apoyándome, alentándome y ayudándome en cada una de las etapas en este proceso. Resumen y Abstract IX Resumen El presente estudio aborda el análisis del proceso de consulta previa que se está llevando a cabo con la Comunidad Indígena de Orobajo y el Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Ituango, partiendo de antecedentes históricos, desde la planificación, licenciamiento e inicio de construcción del proyecto y el posterior reconocimiento de una comunidad étnica dentro del área de influencia. A partir de esto, se analiza las decisiones de la Corte Constitucional en casos similares a través de una línea jurisprudencial. Del resultado del proceso de la consulta previa, surgirá un precedente social y jurídico para futuros proyectos y procesos similares. Lo cual es un llamado de atención al gobierno nacional a garantizar y preservar la seguridad jurídica de inversionistas y comunidad en general; pero en especial, fortalecer la institucionalidad pública y de comunidades y territorios tradicionales del país. Palabras claves: Consulta previa, comunidades étnicas, derechos fundamentales, Hidroituango, línea jurisprudencial. Contenido X Abstract This study addresses the analysis prior consultation process that is being carried out with the Indigenous Community of Orobajo and Ituango Hydroelectric Project, based on historical background, from planning, licensing and start of construction project and subsequent recognition of an ethnic community within the area of influence. From this, decisions of Constitutional Court in similar cases are analyzed through a jurisprudential line. From the result of the process, a social and legal precedent will arise for future projects and similar processes. Which is a call to the national government to guarantee and preserve the legal security of investors and the community in general; but in particular, strengthen the public institutions and communities and traditional territories of the country. Keywords: Prior consultation, ethnic communities, fundamental rights, Hidroituango, jurisprudential line. Contenido XI Contenido Pág. Resumen ......................................................................................................................... IX Lista de figuras .............................................................................................................. XII Lista de tablas .............................................................................................................. XIII Lista de Abreviaturas y términos ................................................................................... 1 Introducción..................................................................................................................... 1 1. Marco teórico ............................................................................................................ 5 1.1 Planteamiento del problema ................................................................................5 1.2 Justificación.......................................................................................................13 1.3 Objetivos ...........................................................................................................13 1.3.1 General .......................................................................................................... 13 1.3.2 Específicos .................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Metodología ......................................................................................................14 1.5 Antecedentes ....................................................................................................16 1.6 Evolución legal y normativa de la Consulta Previa ............................................23 1.6.1 Etapas del Proceso de Consulta Previa ......................................................... 35 1.6.2 Consulta Previa en cifras ............................................................................... 38 2. Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Hidroituango .................................................................. 43 2.1 Historia del proyecto ..........................................................................................45 2.2 Descripción del proyecto ...................................................................................47 2.3 Declaratoria de Utilidad Pública e Interés Social ...............................................50 2.4 Área de influencia..............................................................................................53 2.5 Estudio de Impacto Ambiental ...........................................................................56 2.6 Licenciamiento Ambiental ..................................................................................60 2.7 Pronunciamiento de los Entes de Control ..........................................................65 3. Comunidad Indígena de Orobajo del Pueblo Nutabe y la Consulta Previa ........ 69 3.1 Aproximación geográfica e histórica de la vereda Orobajo ................................69 3.2 Aproximación histórica de la Población Nutabe .................................................71 3.3 Factores políticos y sociales que influyeron en la comunidad ............................81 3.4 Reconocimiento por parte del Ministerio del Interior ..........................................83 3.5 Proceso de Consulta Previa ..............................................................................90 4. Línea Jurisprudencial ............................................................................................ 95 5. Conclusiones ........................................................................................................ 129 6. Recomendaciones ................................................................................................ 133 Bibliografía .................................................................................................................. 135 Contenido XII Lista de figuras Pág. Figura 1. Ubicación del Proyecto Hidroeléctrico Ituango en la Región Noroccidental del Departamento de Antioquia ...............................................................................................6 Figura 2. Esquema cronológico de los eventos que dieron origen al planteamiento del problema. ........................................................................................................................12 Figura 3. Evolución legal y normativa de la Consulta Previa a nivel Nacional e Internacional ....................................................................................................................23 Figura 4. Etapas del proceso de consulta previa a partir de las Directivas Presidenciales 001 de 2010 y 010 de 2013. ............................................................................................36 Figura 5. Protocolizaciones de acuerdos de consulta previa por año (1995-enero de 2019) en Colombia ..........................................................................................................38 Figura 6. Protocolizaciones de consulta previa en Colombia por Sector (1995-enero de 2019) ...............................................................................................................................40 Figura 7. Protocolizaciones de consulta previa por Departamento en Colombia (1995- enero de 2019) ................................................................................................................41 Figura 8. Esquema cronológico del desarrollo del proyecto hidroeléctrico Ituango. ........44 Figura 9. Planta de la Presa diseñada para el proyecto ..................................................50 Figura 10. Área declara de Utilidad Pública e Interés Social para el proyecto ................52 Figura 11. Mapa de localización del proyecto en Colombia y Antioquia ..........................55 Figura 12. Ubicación de la Comunidad ...........................................................................89
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