Role of Signalling Engineers, Example of Crossrail Signalling Integration (CBTC, ERTMS & UK)

Role of Signalling Engineers, example of Crossrail Signalling integration (CBTC, ERTMS & UK)

By: G. Bersano, CTO IKOS Group [email protected] P. Ndimurukundo, Senior Consultant [email protected] 1. Few words about IKOS & IKOS Lab 2. Crossrail project 3. Rôle of signalling engineers 1. Collect information & data 2. Analyse and investigate 3. Resolve the problem & report 4. Q&A

2 Few words about IKOS & IKOS Lab

3 1100 ENGINEERS SPECIALIZED IN RAILWAYS Are involved on state of the art projects around the world We can intervene in all domains 10 COUNTRIES of this industry. We have 14 subsidiaries Our vision: to accelerate around the world : France, performances and innovation of Spain, Belgium, Germany, our clients and carrier for our Switzerland, UK, USA, Italy, consultants ! Sweden and Canada.

15 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE IKOS LAB Founded in 2005 to bring INNOVATION CENTRE technical expertise to major innovation is at the heart of our players in railways, IKOS growth and IKOS LAB leads our management has more than activities on R&D, Business 25 years of experience in this intelligence, Knowledge field. Management and more… AN OFFER ON ENERGY Based on its expertise on railways, IKOS developepd a complementary offer on energy Our clients

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10 IKOS Lab innovation practice

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11 Some customers

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12 The role of railways innovation for the society

Correlation with Smart cities, decarbonation, consumption and production….

Source: IIASA, The World in 2050 initiative 13 2 – Crossrail project

14 Elisabeth Line is the brand name of Crossrail project

A fleet of 70 new 200 metre long trains built by Bombardier Transportation in Derby will run on the Elizabeth line, each train will be able to carry up to • Few facts 1,500 people. The new, high-capacity trains have: •Seven fully interconnected, walk-through carriages (converted to nine carriages when the Elizabeth line fully opens) •Air conditioning and real-time information on-train •Information on next stops for passengers •Energy-efficient management systems including regenerative braking which uses up to 30% less energy •Capable of running up to 90 mph on outer sections

15 Elisabeth Line Signalling Areas

16 3 – Role of signalling engineers

17 Elisabeth Line Signalling Systems scope

Focus on the Train Protection Systems

• Train Protection System is made of

• ETCS Level 2 • (Baseline 3 MR1) + STM for Level TPWS • Onboard part: Ebicab 2000 - Bombardier (now Alstom) • Trackside part (Alstom

• CBTC (Siemens) • Onboard and Wayside Trainguard

• AWS/TPWS (Mors Smitt) • Standalone computer unit and integrated as STM with ETCS

18 Signalling engineer applies Systems engineering approach

A simple way of approaching your role can be summarised in three steps

1. Collect information / Data

2. Analyse and Investigate

3. Resolve (the problem) and Report/Conclude

19 3.1 – Collect information and data

20 Signalling Integration Engineer TASKS (Vehicle Architecture)

Context of CL345 AVENTRA train for Crossrail Programme in UK

• Define Concept, Functional Requirements, Software Requirements and Test Specifications • Give input for Vehicle Electrical Schematics and Bill of Material for ATP systems • Develop appropriate technical solutions to integrate ATP systems compliant with CCS TSI and relevant standards • Develop Electrical, mechanical, Software and Hardware interfaces between ATP systems and the Vehicle (Rolling Stock) • Support technically Procurement, Safety, Design Assurance

21 Class 345 Train Automatic Train Protection

Signalling Integration Engineer is a Systems Engineer who has to design, integrate and validate the ATP within Rolling stocks.

Crossrail Signalling ATP Onboard required phased approach: • Stage 1 (Standalone TPWS Operation) • Stage 2 (ETCS Operation (in Levels 0, 1, 2) and Operation in Level NTC TPWS) • Stage 3 (Level NTC CBTC Operation) • Stage 4 (Transitions between Systems)

22 Interfaces with Signalling ATP Onboard

• Between Train Protection Signalling systems and their components – Mechanical and Electrical – Data and Protocol (IP, MVB, Profibus) – ETCS-CBTC, ETCS-TPWS • Between ATP and the Vehicle (Train Interface) – Emergency Brake Command – Cab status • Between ATP and TCMS • Between ATP and other sub-systems (e.g. Juridical Recording Unit)

23 CL345 ATP Architecture overview (partial)

Signalling ATP Onboard TCMS

Acknowledgement ETCS TCMS HMI /navigation Internal conditions (Primary display for TDS Event or error events) Display CCU-O Maintainer TPWS Internal conditions + Event or error CCU-T (TDS logic )

CBTC Sig. DMI Display Internal conditions (Redundancy mode) Event or error Acknowledgement MCG /navigation Train driver

Wifi train / GSM-R / Wifi CBTC External conditions JRU Fleet monitor (e.g.: sensor failure) 24 Stakeholders from Class 345 supplier view

• Customer: Crossrail Ltd • Operations and Driver training: MTR & SYDAC (Driver Training simulator at OOC) • Infrastructure Management: RfL for the London tunnel and Network Rail for GWML and GEML • Authorisation: ORR (UK NSA) • Signalling suppliers interface: – Siemens: CBTC (Onboard and Wayside) – Mors Smitt: TPWS Onboard – Alstom: ETCS trackside (RBC, Eurobalises)

25 V cycle (EN 50126)

• Design – Requirements Management • Verify – Peer reviews – Workshops (Hazard analysis) – Manage Defects and closure – Compliance evidence • Test – Specify tests – Identify test environment (lab or on-site) • Report

26 Source Requirements gathering and reading

• Train Technical Specification • Other customer contractual requirements • CCS TSI (published on ERA website) • National Notified Technical Rules (RSSB website for UK) • Railway Industry Standards (RIS) (RSSB website) • International Standards (CENELEC, ISO)

NB: Consider best practises or Code of practise (e.g. INCOSE for SE and MBSE, Rail Delivery Group for Train Operating Companies and Rolling stock)

27 3.2 – Analyse and Investigate

28 Bid, Startup, Design and Realisation

• Role of the Signalling engineer varies according to the phases of the project • Bid – Assess if the solution provide functions required and identify new developments or gaps • Startup – Preliminary architecture decisions are made and requirements elicitation starts • Design – Concept, Preliminary or System Design are completed • Realisation – Detailed design, Implementation, Testing and Authorisation

29 Role during Conceptual Design definition

Signalling engineer will be involved in:

• Assess/Confirm Risks, Constraints, Assumptions, Contract & product understood and communicated • Clarification of customer requirements completeness (e.g. TTS) • Confirm design concept is meeting customer requirements • Secure supplier design input (e.g. TPWS supplied by Mors Smitt) • Identify interfaces and their compatibility/contraints

30 Requirements Analysis and Apportionment

• From source requirements – Train Technical Specification (Customer) – Standards: CCS TSI (ETCS), Notified National Technical Rules (RGS), Railway Industry Standards, International standards (EN 50155, EN 50128, …)

• Signalling engineer will derive Functional and/or Sub-system requirements

• He / She will use Systems Engineering approach (Top down) – Systems Engineering techniques: INCOSE, NASA Handbook – Model Based Systems Engineering (Operability and Functional Architecture) – Requirement Management (IBM Rational DOORS or alternatives) – Traceability (Forward/Flowdown and Backward/Validation)

31 Preliminary and Detailed Design

• Develop System Description and Operational context • Review Electrical Schematics • Provide inputs or collaborate with Safety, RAM (FMECA), TCMS, Cabling, Bogie (Speed sensors, Eurobalise antenna), etc. • Write Architecture and Interface Control Documents • Populate and review Functional and System Requirements • Manage changes: – e.g. Functional Change Request when an Baselined design solution has to be changed due to an error or omission

32 Interfaces

4S_18.01 4S_18.02 Df_03 OR_01.01 OR_02 Cables Environmental Manufacturing Operability Panels & Cases Conditions & Durability &Harnesses OR_03 EMC & Earthing

4S_01.01 4S_04.03 Carbody Running Gear 3A_01 Aux Component Train Arrang & Layout 3A.02.01 Mech Architecture of Cab Zone

3A.02.03 3A.02.04 4S_12.03 Mech Architecture of Mech Architecture of Intercar Jumpers 4S_06 Exterior Zone Underframe Zone & Interfaces Driver’s cab 3A.05 3A.06 Control & Command Design & Material Architecture Rules

1P_01 1P_02 2F.07/2F.02 4S_16 2F.07* AWS/TPWS track 4S_17.01 Acoustics & Vibration Aerodynamics 4S_10.02 ETCS Provision: magnets, ETCS balises, ETCS Train external Traction cut off & Signalling ATC ATP Propulsion radio Feedback ATO and DAS communication 1P_03 1P_04.01 Eco Design Industrial Design

1P_05 1P_06.01 2F.07/2F.02 Human Factors & Product Safety Brake Ergonomics commands & feedback 1P_06.02 1P_07.01 Reliability & Fire Safety 4S_09.02 Availability 4S_11.01 (Aux) Batteries 2F.06/2F.07/ 1P_07.02 1P_07.03 Braking 2F.08 Train data Maintainability Diagnostics to signalling system/eqpt 1P_08.01 1P_08.02 Structural Mechanics Crash Safety

1P_09.02 1P_10 4S_16.04 4S_15.02 Cooling of Equipment Performance Juridical Data Conventional Recorder Train Controls 1P_11.01 1P_11.03 Vehicle Gauging Vehicle Dynamics 4S_15.01 TCMS 1P_11.04 1P_12 Traction Dynamics Weight Performance 33 ARCADIA with CAPELLA and MATLAB/SIMULINK Our target is to formalise the following process and to build a library with signalling components used in different context (RBC ARGOS, ATO Over ETCS, ETCS L3 Hybrid, …).

Credit: David GUILLAUD [email protected]

34 3.3 – Resolve (the problem) and Report

35 Signalling electrical integration into CL345 – Design doc

• This screenshot shows an extract of electrical schematics showing interface between CBTC and ETCS as well as the interfaces shared or not shared with the Cl345 vehicle. CBTC is managed as STM by ETCS.

• Signalling engineer contributes or create these schematics. Usually, a more senior Vehicle Architecture engineer has ownership of the electrical schematics.

• This ETCS-CBTC hardware wiring allows seamless level transitions between CBTC and ETCS and vice-versa. Software will command and control as well!

36 Example of integration of CBTC indications

Illustrations of Crossrail specific indications agreed among parties

37 Verification

• Signalling Engineer will be involved in each phase of the project lifecycle • Typical verification activities will include: – Requirements review – Technical and Design documents reviews – Safety documents review – Compliance reports review – Licence Check for most experienced engineers – Interface or other sub-systems documents review – Testing documentation review

38 Test Specs, Reports and Support Test execution

Signalling Engineer will mainly – Support Verification & Validation teams (Test execution, Results analysis) – Conduct Briefings to explain expectations from testing activities (Fitness To Test) – May conduct tests to check resolution of a defect or provide expert analysis for more complex issues – Provide inputs for Lab or On-site testing – Provide expert analysis or impact assessment on defects raised by Testers – Check completeness of test results and logs as input to test reports and compliance evidence – Identify gaps in test specifications if any and amend test specifications

39 Signalling engineer applies Systems engineering approach

Key message

A simple way of approaching your role can be summarised in three steps

1. Collect information / Data

2. Analyse and Investigate

3. Resolve (the problem) and Report/Conclude

40 Useful public information

1. https://learninglegacy.crossrail.co.uk/ 2. https://www.rssb.co.uk/standards-catalogue 3. https://www.orr.gov.uk/sites/default/files/om/interoperability- authorisation-class-345-ccs-tsi-2020-05-06.pdf 4. https://www.raildeliverygroup.com/our-services/cop- guidance.html#Engineering 5. https://www.era.europa.eu/activities/technical-specifications- interoperability_en 6. https://www.irse.org/Licensing/Licensing-documentation/CACs-Signalling 7. https://www.sebokwiki.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Systems_Engineering_Body_ of_Knowledge_(SEBoK) 8. https://www.nasa.gov/connect/ebooks/nasa-systems-engineering- handbook 9. https://mtrel.co.uk/

41 4 – Q&A

42 1100 ENGINEERS SPECIALIZED IN RAILWAYS Are involved on state of the art projects around the world We can intervene in all domains 10 COUNTRIES of this industry. We have 14 subsidiaries Our vision: to accelerate around the world : France, performances and innovation of Spain, Belgium, Germany, our clients and carrier for our Switzerland, UK, USA, Italy, consultants ! Sweden and Canada.