The Holocaust and the Revival of Psychological History Judith M

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05682-4 - The Holocaust and the Revival of Psychological History Judith M. Hughes Index More information

Index

Adorno, Theodor, 2 origin of, 24 agentic state (Milgram), 96 , 179 questions surrounding, 10 , 19 Aktion Reinhard sites, 103 Hungarian, 135 Albert Speer, Himmler, and the latent-manifest dimension of, 46 Secrecy of the Final Solution medieval versus modern, 42 (E. Goldhagen), 173 Nazi, 44 , 59–62 Alliance Israélite Universelle, 132 Polish, 109 , 111 Analysis Terminable and Interminable redemptive (Friedländer), 57 (Freud), 6 religious, impact of, 56 Anschluss (March 1938), 27 university, 52 anthropology students, 54 cognitive, 47 Viennese, 24 physical, 56 Appendix to the Fuehrer’s Political anti-Semitism Testament (Goebbels), 16 Catholic Church’s, 41–51 Ardennes offensive (1945), 35 in Poland, 117 , 181 Arendt, Hannah, 6 , 54 , 121–124 , Christian, 51 , 55 127–134 , 136–139 , Communist, in Poland, 116 , 181 151 , 179 consenting elites and armament production, German, (Friedländer), 55 1941-44, 161 Disraeli’s, 127–129 Arnold, Agnieszka, 79 eliminationist (Goldhagen), 41–49 , Asyle de Jour et de Nuit (Paris), 131 77 , 180 Austria exterminationist, 99 annexation of (March 1938), German, 24 , 46 , 47 , 64 , 98 , 100 27 , 44 intellectual components of, 56 compulsory emigration unifi ed character of from, 132 (Goldhagen), 49 Austrian Eagle, 143 Hitler’s, 24–26 , 41 Auxiliaire Sociale, 125

183

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-05682-4 - The Holocaust and the Revival of Psychological History Judith M. Hughes Index More information

184 Index

Ball, George, 168 Charlton, Michael, 159 Barbarossa (attack on Soviet Union, Chronik (Wolters’s daily offi ce June 22, 1941), 31 , 66 log), 171 Beer Hall Putsch (November 1923), Citizenship Law, 59 25 , 26 Clahes, Dietrich, 170 Below, Nicolaus von, 35 cognitive models, 47 Berchtesgaden, 159 Concordat (Hitler’s, with the Vatican, Berning, Wilhelm, 51 1933), 51 Bialystok District (Poland), 80 Confessing Church, 52 Biłgoraj (Poland), 88 Coningsby (Disraeli), 128 Błaszczyk, Henryk, 113 Criminal Police (Kripo), 85 Blücher, Heinrich, 126 Cromer, Lord (Evelyn Baring), Böhm, Adolf, 131 129–130 Bolshevism, 15 , 25 , 44 Czechoslovakia Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 52 dismemberment of (1938–39), Bormann, Martin, 166 44 Braun, Eva, 8 Hitler’s hostility towards, 27 Browning, Christopher R., 5 , 77–79 , 84–98 , 119 , 179 Daluege, Kurt, 85 Buchmann, Heinz, 89 defenses, psychological (defi ned), 5 Bundesarchiv, 171 Defying Hitler (Haffner), 1 deportation, 86 , 93 camps Der Angriff (newspaper), 156 concentration/extermination, 13 , Destruction of the European Jews, 68 , 88 The (Hilberg), 138 Auschwitz, 39 , 45 , 67 , 75 , 107 , Did Six Million Die? The Hoax of the 109 , 135 Twentieth Century , 176 Belzec, 45 , 67 , 103 , 144 Dietrich, Otto, 29 Chelmo, 67 Disraeli, Benjamin, 127 Gross-Rosen, 107 Dollfuss, Engelbert, 142 Helmsbrechts death march, Dönitz. Karl, 161 107–109 Dörr, Alois, 107 Sobibor (Poland), 45 , 103 , Dühring, Eugen, 57 124 , 144 Treblinka, 6 , 45 , 84 , 93 , 103 , Ego and the Id, The (Freud), 73 124 , 139–142 Eichmann in Jerusalem, A Report victim population on the Banality of Evil January 1945, 105 (Arendt), 121 May 1945, 105 Eichmann, Adolf, 2 , 121–124 , 127 , movement of, 1944–45, 107 130–139 , 151 , 179 work, 103–105 Erntefest (Harvest Festival), 104 Lipowa, 103–105 Ettinger, Elzbieta, 54 Casalis, Georges, 177 eugenics, 56 Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor, 117 euthanasia program (T-4), 67 , Cecil, Lord Robert, 128 143 , 144 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 57 Evangelical Church, 51 charismatic authority (Weber), 180 Ewige Jude, Der (The Eternal defi ned, 9 Jew) , 64

Index 185

experience Henlein, Konrad, 131 early, 4 Herzl, Theodor, 131 Heydrich, Reinhard, 46 , 65 , 67 , 80 , fanaticism (Nazi), 181 85 , 102 , 103 Fear, Anti-Semitism in Poland after Hilberg, Raul, 138 Auschwitz (Gross), 75 , Himmler, Heinrich, 32 , 46 , 67 , 70 , 84 , 109–119 131 , 136 Final Solution, 10 , 19 , 33 , 45 , 102 , Posen speech (October 6, 1943), 137 , 180 173–175 Final Solution and the German History of Zionism (Böhm), 131 Foreign Offi ce, The history, as a conspiracy (Browning), 77 (Hofstadter), 56 Finkelsztajn, Chaja, 112 Hitler Myth, The, Image and Finkelsztajn, Menachem, 80 Reality in the Third Reich Fisz, Regina, 115 (Kershaw), 8 Flächsner, Hans, 164 , 170 Hitler, Adolf, 19–36 Foundations of the Nineteenth as a charismatic leader, 18–37 Century, The early life of, 19–21 (Chamberlain), 57 extermination of the Jews Franz, Kurt, 141 and, 31–34 Freiburg University, 53 fi nal months of, 34–36 Freud, Sigmund, 6 , 36 , 49 First World War and, 22–23 Friedländer, Saul, 5 , 38 , 40–41 , in Munich, 22–23 , 25–26 49–74 , 131 , 180 in Vienna, 20–22 Fromm, Erich, 2 infl uence of, 16 , 36 Führer cult, 26–28 messianic mission of, 18 Führer-Bindung, 73 perceptions of Jewry, 58 , 60 Funk, Walther, 161 personality of, 26 , 28 , 30 , 35 , 155 Galbraith, John Kenneth, 168 speeches Geertz, Clifford, 4 birthday (April 20), 27 Generals’ Plot (July 20, 1944), National Day of Celebration of 11–13 , 164 the German People (May German Christians, 51 1), 27 Globocnik, Odilo, 88 Old Fighters (February 24), 27 Gnade, Hartwig, 87 , 91 , 100 , 101 Old Fighters (November 8), 27 Goebbels, Joseph, 13 , 15–16 , 29 , 35 , Reich Party Rally, Nuremberg 64 , 69 , 156 , 158 (early September), 27 Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah, 4 , 38–40 , Reichstag (1935), 59 41–49 , 77 , 98–102 , 119 , 179 Reichstag (January 30, 1939), Goldhagen, Erich, 173 27 , 30 , 64 , 69 Göring, Hermann, 28 , 29 , 162 Hitler’s Willing Executioners Gross, Jan T., 6 , 75–76 , 79–84 , (Goldhagen), 38 , 77 109–120 , 180 Hiwis (Ukrainian, Lithuanian, and Grynszpan, Herschel, 61 Latvian POW volunteers), 92 , 93 , 101 Haffner, Sebastian, 1 Hoffmann, Wolfgang, 87 , 89 , 93–95 Heidegger, Martin, 53 , 122 Hofstadter, Richard, 56

186 Index

Holocaust Kroll Opera House (Berlin) anti-Semitism and, 39 bonfi re, 55 as a heterogenous phenomenon Kubina, Theodor, 118 (Gross), 78 Kubuschok, Egon, 164 defi ned after Eichmann trial, 3 Lagarde, Paul de, 57 pre-Second World War, 3 Lammers, Hans Heinrich, 29 Hitler’s knowledge of, 153 Lanzer, Ernst (Rat Man), 36 human agency and (Goldhagen), 40 Last Days of Hitler, The radicalization and escalation (Trevor-Roper), 8 (Kershaw), 31 Law for the Defense of German Blood victim population, 110 , 119 and Honor, 59 March 1942-February 1943, 45 Law for the Restoration of the Civil Horthy, Miklós, 135 , 163 Service Husserl, Edmund, 122 Aryan Paragraph (3), 50 , 59 Lieberfreund, Henryk, 110 I Will Bear Witness (Klemperer), 4 living space, Hitler’s quest for, 25 Inside the Third Reich (Speer), 154 , Łódź (Poland), 85 , 86 156 , 159 Łomazy (Poland), 91 intentionalism (defi ned), 9 Löwy, Albert, 53 internalization, 5 , 47 , 73 Lublin District, 88 , 97 Into That Darkness, An Examination Ludwików Foundry, 114 of Conscience (Sereny), 124 , 153 Mann, Thomas, 58 introjection, 73 March on Rome (October 1922), 26 defi ned, 5 Maschmann, Melita, 48 projection and, 73 massacres Irving, David, 153 , 171 Babi Yar ravine (Kiev), 66 Helmbrechts death march, 107 Jaspers, Karl, 122 Jedwabne (Poland), 76 , 79–84 Jewish Councils, 138 Józefów (Poland), 88–91 , 96 Jewish Fighting Organization, 115 Kónskowola (Poland), 93–95 Jewish Problem/Question, 24 , 43 , 117 Łomazy (Poland), 91–93 , eliminationist mind-set and, 43 100–102 Himmler and, 67 Minsk (Soviet Union), 86 Speer and, 172 Radziłow (Poland), 81 Jewish State, The (Herzl), 131 Riga (Latvia), 86 Mazur, Police Corporal, 115 Kamińsk (Poland), 110 McCarthy, Mary, 123 Kastner, Rudolf, 138 Mein Kampf (Hitler), 25 Kershaw, Ian, 5 , 8–11 , 18–37 , 38 , 180 Meissner, Otto, 29 Kielce (Poland), 85 Międzyrzec, 93 Klemperer, Victor, 4 , 50 , 62–64 , Milgram, Stanley, 96 , 179 67–69 , 71–72 Mises, Ludwig von, 125 Klessheim Palace, 163 Mitscherlich, Alexander, 160 Kreidl, Ida, 71 Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin), 3 Kristallnacht (November 9, 1938), Morell, Theodor, 17 59 , 61 Moszkowicz, Abram, 115

Index 187

Mototov-Ribbentrop Pact, 110 Kraków (1945), 110 Munich settlement (September Kristallnacht (1938), 61 1938), 28 Polish, 80 municipal police (Shipo), 85 Poland Mussolini, Benito, 12 conquest of, 44 , 65 war with, 64 Nazi Germany and the Jews police forces, German, 85 (Friedländer ), 38 , 40 Posen (Poland), 85 , 86 Neighbors, The Destruction of the Prachatice (German border Jewish Community in town), 108 Jedwabne, Poland (Gross), Prohaska, Georg, 143 , 146 , 148 75 , 78 , 119 projection, psychological Nero Order (March 19, 1945), 165 (defi ned), 5 , 73 Niemöller, Martin, 52 propaganda Nitze, Paul, 168 anti-Jewish, 50 , 64 No Germans, no Holocaust as public enlightenment (Goldhagen), 40 (Goebbels), 15 No Hitler, No Holocaust, 19 , 40 extermination and, 32 Noakes, Jeremy, 77 Hitler’s image-building, 8 Nuremberg Laws (September Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 127 1935), 59 psychoanalysis as an impossible profession Obersalzberg, 29 (Freud), 6 objects Friedländer and, 40 defi ned psychoanalytically, 4 Goldhagen and, 40 internal, 4 psychohistory, 2 Ohlendorf, Otto, 164 defi ned, 179 Order Police Main Offi ce, 85 Trevor-Roper and, 10 Ordinary Men, Reserve Police psychological history Battalion 101 and the defi ned, 3 Final Solution in Poland (Browning), 77 , 78 race, mythical, 56 Origins of Totalitarianism, The Radio Berlin, 16 (Arendt), 122 , 127 Radomsko (Poland), 110 Radziłow (Poland), 80 Pacelli, Eugenio (Pope Pius XII), 51 Rath, Ernst vom, 61 Palestine, 139 Ravensbrück, 107 Paranoid Style in American Politics, reality, levels of, 50 The (Hofstadter), 56 reality-thinking versus fantasy- Peasant Party, 116 thinking, 5 , 36 Peenemünde, 161 Red Army, 79 People’s Commissariat for Internal Reich Security Main Offi ce, 85 Affairs (NKVD), 80 Reich, Wilhelm, 2 perpetrators (defi ned by Reich-Ranicki, Marcel, 120 Goldhagen), 98 Reichswehr, 24 pogroms, 61 Reserve Police Battalion 101, 84–98 Kielce (1946), 76 , 79 , 110 , composition of, 87 112–119 victim statistics on, 84

188 Index

resettlement, 85 , 171 structuralist (defi ned), 9 Revolution from Abroad (Gross), 79 Suchomel, Franz, 146 Rhineland, remilitarization of Szalasi, Ferenc, 136 (1936), 44 Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 29 Tessenow, Heinrich, 156 Roehm Plot (June 30, 1934), 12 thick description (Geertz), 4 Rohland, Walter, 174 Todt, Fritz, 161 Rosenbaum, Ron, 10 Totem and Taboo (Freud), 36 Rosenkranz, Miriam, 112 Trapp, Wilhelm, 88–91 rural police (Gendarmerie), 85 Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 5 , 7–8 , 10 , 18 , 19 , 153 , 167 , 168 , 179 Schlesiersee, 107 Trost, Paul Ludwig, 158 Schleunes, Karl, 46 Unilever Trust, 132 Schloss Hartheim (special United Nations Relief and institute), 144 Rehabilitation scorched earth policy, 14 Administration Secret State Police (Gestapo), 85 (UNRRA), 126 Security Service of the Reichsführer (SS), 131 Veesenmayer, Edmund, 136 Sereny, Gitta, 6 , 124–126 , 139–142 , Versailles Treaty, 44 , 84 145–152 , 153–178 , 180 Volary, 108 shoah (defi ned), 3 völkisch ideology, 57 Sicherheitsdienst (SD), 131 von Stauffenberg, Claus, 12 Siegmund, Harry, 174 Singer, Hedwig, 174 Wagner, Richard, 26 , 57 Ślesyński,Bronisław, 82 Wannsee Conference (January 20, small-town police 1942), 102 (Gemeindepolizei), 85 War Against the Jews, 69 Spandau draft (Speer), 160 Warthegau (Poland), 85 Spandau, The Secret Diaries Wasersztajn, Szmul, 81 , 83 (Speer), 154 Wąsosz (Poland), 81 Speer, Albert, 6 , 13–15 , 16 , 29 , 37 , Weber, Margarete, 156 153–178 , 180 Weber, Max, 9 , 180 plot to assassinate Hitler (February Weizsäcker, Ernst von, 29 1945), 164 Weltanschauung , basic elements of SS Ausrüstungswerke (DAW) Hitler’s, 25 (German Equipment White, Dick, 7 Works), 103 Wirth, Christian, 144 , 146 , SS Einsatzgruppen , 65 , 66 148 Stahl, Dieter, 164 Wiszna (Poland), 80 Stalin, Josef, 66 Wohlauf, Julius, 87 , 90 , 93 Stalingrad Wolters, Rudolf, 171 Hitler’s optimism after battle of, 35, 73 Zionism, Arendt and, 122 surrender of Sixth Army at, 69 Zionist Youth Emigration Stangl, Franz, 6 , 124–126 , Organization, 122 139–151 , 181 Zuckerman, Yitzhak, 115