PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT THE WORLD BANK Public Disclosure Authorized E829 Volume 5 Public Disclosure Authorized
GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES ENVIRONMENTAL AsSESSMENT
VOLUME 5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
NOVEMBER 2003 No. 035 5073 - R3-Volume 5 Public Disclosure Authorized
INCOLLABORATION IN WITH SOGREAH
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PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL *SOGR-{AH GOVERNMENT
._ N ..- I C(I1AN rs . THE WORLD BANK
GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS - GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
IDENTIFICATION N0 : 355073.R3.V5 DATE: OCTOBER 2003
This document has been produced by SOGREAH Consultants as part of the FASEP Grant (French Government Grant) to Guangdong Provincial Government (Job Number 355073)
This document has been prepared by the project team under the supervision of the Project Director following the Quality Assurance Procedures of SOGREAH in compliance with IS09001.
APPROVEDBY INDEX PURPOSEOFMOOIFICAnoN DATE AUTHOR CHECKEDBY (PROJECT MANAGER)
A First Issue 26/10/03 COR,GD BYN GDM M
INDEX DiSTRIBUTION LIST CONTACTADDRESS
I GPG PMO (Mr ZENG Yu Chang)
2 GMG PMO (Mr ZHAN Yishan)
3 The World Bank (Mr Tom Zearley, tzearlev(aworldbank.org, Hao Zhang) hzhana2Ri)worldbank.orq
4 DREE (DREE Paris, PEE Canton) Josselin.kalifaCoDdree.ora
Alain..queauenasoareah.fr, SOGREAH (Head Office, Beijing Annabelle.menpottiasopreah.fr, 5 OGReA ( Office) biofficea.soareah.com.cnedgard.valettea-sopreah.fr I GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... I
LIST OF TABLES ...... v
LIST OF FIGURES ...... Vill
APPENDICES ...... x
ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND UNITS ...... XI
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... XII
1. INTRODUCTION ...... I 1.1. THE GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT ...... 1 1.2. SCOPE OF THE STUDY ...... 2 1.3. PURPOSE & SCOPE OF THIS REPORT ...... 3 1.4. ORGANISATION & LAYOUT OF THE EA REPORT ...... 5
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA ...... 6
3. CONSTRUCTION OF THE HYDRAULIC MODEL ...... 9 3.1. PREVIOUS MODELLING OF THE GUANGZHOU SECTION ...... 9 3.2. TOPOLOGICAL DATA USED ...... I 1 3.3. HYDRAULIC INFORMATION USED ...... 13 3.4. COMPLEMENTARY INFORMATION COLLECTED ...... 16 3.4.1. BED RIVER ROUGHNESS ...... 16 3.4.2. CARIMA MODEL ...... 16 4. CALIBRATION OF HYDRAULIC MODEL ...... 17 4.1. ADAPTATION OF SECTIONS & HYDRUALIC MODEL ...... 18 4.2. FINAL MODEL RESULTS ...... 18
5. POLLUTION MODEL ...... 20 5.1. DESCRIPTION OF POLLUTION MODEL FOR THE GUANGZHOU SECTION ...... 20 5.1.1. POLLUTANT LOAD CALCULATIONS ...... 20 5.1.2. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ...... 22 5.1.3. POLLUTANT REACTIONS ...... 23 5.2. CALIBRATION OF POLLUTION MODEL ...... 24 5.2.1. DATA USED INCALIBRATION ...... 24 5.2.2. RESULTS OF CALIBRATION ...... 27
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6. POLLUTION SIMULATIONS ...... 34 6.1. SCENARIOS TESTED ...... 34 6.2. COMPARISON OF BASELINE 2010 AND BASELINE 2000 SCENARIOS ...... 36 6.3. COMPARISON OF PROJECT 2010 AND BASELINE SCENARIOS ...... 36 6.4. IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES ...... 38 6.5. IMPACT OF INTER AND INTRA-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION ...... 41 6.5.1. INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION PROJECT 1...... 41 6.5.2. INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION PROJECT 2 ...... 42 6.5.3. INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION PROJECT 3 ...... 42 6.5.4. IMPACT ON POTABLE WATER INTAKES INTHE GUANGZHOU REGION ...... 43
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LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 2-1: CHARASTERISTICS OF THE MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE PEARL RIVER ...... 6
TABLE 2-2: RELTAIONSHIP BETWEEN ESTUARIES & OUTLETS OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA SYSTEM ...... 8
TABLE 5-1: WASTEWATER LOADING RATES FOR DOMESTIC POLLUTION SOURCE (GICAPIDAY) ...... 20
TABLE 5-2: CHARACTERISTICS OF BASELINE SIMULATION USED INCALIBRATIO NOF POLLUTION MODEL ...... 22
TABLE 5-3: WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS FOR YEAR 2000 (SOURCE: GUANGZHOU EPB) ...... 24
TABLE 5-4: MAJOR PARAMETERS USED INPOLLUTION MODEL ...... 31
TABLE 6-1: DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE OVERALL IMPACT STUDY FOR THE GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER COMPONENT ...... 34
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LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1-1: THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION [REF. 1] ...... 1
FIGURE 1-2: URBAN CLUSTERS INTHE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION [FROM REF. 22] ...... 3
FIGURE 1-3: OVERVIEW OF REPORTS TO BE PRODUCED FOR WORLD BANK APPRAISAL ...... 4
FIGURE 2-1: SUBDIVISION OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION ...... 7
FIGURE 3-1: GUANGZHOU SECTION MODEL.1...... 10
FIGURE 3-2: DOWNSTREAM BOUNDARY CONDITION (TIDAL LEVEL) USED INTHE MODEL ...... 14
FIGURE 3-3: MONITORING LOCATIONS..15
FIGURE 4-1: COMPARISON OF SECTIONS USED ININITIAL MODEL AND ACTUAL SECTIONS AS PER MARINE SAFETY NAVIGATION PLANS ...... 17
FIGURE 4-2: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED &SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HUANG SHA..18
FIGURE 4-3: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED &SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANG SHA...... 19
FIGURE 5-1: CATCHMENT DIVISION FOR THE GUANGZHOU SECTION OF THE PRD ...... 21
FIGURE 5-2: VARIATION OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETER AT THE CHANGZHOU AUTOMATIC WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION 2003 ..27
FIGURE 5-3: LONG PROFILES ALONG THE GUANGZHOU SECTION OF THE PRD ...... 29
FIGURE 5-4: INTRA DIURNAL VARIABILITY OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS ...... 30
FIGURE 5-5: PROFILE 1: COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN ...... 32
FIGURE 5-6: PROFILE 2: COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN ...... 32
FIGURE 5-7: PROFILE 3: COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN ...... 33
FIGURE 6-1: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE FRONT SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 ...... 37
FIGURE 6-2: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 ...... 38
FIGURE 6-3: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE FRONT SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 ...... 39
FIGURE 6-4: COMPARISON OF AMMONIA ALONG THE FRONT SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 ..... 39
FIGURE 6-5: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010...... 40
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FIGURE 6-6: COMPARISON OF AMMONIA ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 ...... 40
FIGURE 6-7: IMPACT OF INTEGRATING NEIGHBOURING TOWNS IN FOSHAN (NANHAI) INTO GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER SYSTEM: COMPARISON OF AMMONIA ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 ...... 42
FIGURE 6-8: IMPACT OF TREATING WASTEWATER IN FOSHAN: COMPARISON OF BOD ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 ...... 43
FIGURE 6-7: LOCATION OF WATER INTAKES INAND AROUND GUANGZHOU ...... 44
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APPENDICES
APPENDIX A - BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX B - MODEL CONFIGURATION & POLLUTANT LOADING CALCULATIONS
APPENDIX C - CALIBRATION OF HYDRAULIC & POLLUTION MODEL
APPENDIX D - MODEL RESULTS FOR FUTURE SCENARIOS - DRY WEATHER SIMULATIONS
APPENDIX E - MODEL RESULTS FOR FUTURE SCENARIOS - WET WEATHER SIMULATIONS
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ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS AND UNITS
A20
AB Adsorption Biodegradation Process AIC Average Incremental Cost AO
APL Adaptable Project Loan AS Activated Sludge BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
CIECC China International Engineering Construction Company CNY Chinese Renminbi Yuan (8.3 CNY = 1.0 USD) COD Chemical Oxygen Demand DRA Design Review and Advisory FY Fiscal Year
GPRDUEP Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Project NH4 Ammonia NPV Net Present Value SS Suspended Solids TKN Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen TP Total Phosphorus
UNDP United Nations Development Programme WTP Water Treatment Plant WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) is China's third longest river and is second only to the Yangtse river in terms of annual average flow. The Pearl River composed of three major branches, the West River (Xi Jiang), the North River (Bei Jiang) and the East River (Dong Jiang) discharges to the South China Sea via eight outlets forming the distributary channels of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Since the opening up of China in 1979, the delta region has witnessed phenomenal economic growth with average GDP rising by 14.7% on average over the period 1990-2000; the delta has with the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau become the major outlet for manufactured goods to the rest of the world. Both the total population and the urbanisation rate have increased equally rapidly. Over the period 1990 to 2000 the population in the PRD rose by almost 7% to almost 40 million inhabitants, largely due to inward migration of workers seeking employment. However, investment in environmental control has not kept pace; this is evidenced by the severe deterioration in water quality conditions during the period. Today many of the reaches of the Zhu Jiang, especially in the vicinity of Guangzhou are at Class V or worse (and therefore unfit for use as a drinking water resource).
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Recognising the severity and the urgency of the water quality problems, Guangdong Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau has recently launched an ambitious eight year investment program totalling almost 45 Billion RMB known as the "Pearl River Clean-Up Campaign".
It is in this context that the World Bank and Guangdong Provincial Government has embarked upon the Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban Environmental Project (GPRDUEP). Although concentrating predominantly, in terms of infrastructure investment, in the Municipality of Guangzhou, the project aims primarily at developing cost-effective strategies and institutional models which can serve as a "blue-print" for the whole PRD Region. A major challenge of the project is to develop institutional models enabling environmental service delivery to cross the traditional administrative boundaries (between counties and districts within municipalities, and between municipalities themselves) thus allowing the cost savings associated with economies of scale to be achieved.
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SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The PRD Region has been divided into seven major urban regions as illustrated below. The studies undertaken by CHREOD have provided a broad framework for the development of the GPRDUEP. On the basis of these studies the "Guang Fo" Metropolitan Region covering the areas included in Guangzhou and Foshan Municipalities (now incorporating Foshan, Nanhai and Shunde) has been clearly identified as the major source of organic pollution within the PDR. Furthermore, the Municipality of Guangzhou has indicated its willingness to participate in the World Bank financed project and to act as a model and a driving force for institutional change and development throughout the region.
It is for these reasons that the geographical scope of the study has been limited to cover wastewater management in the Guang-Fo Region.
RL
4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This Volume (Volume 5) of the Environmental Assessment for the GPRDUEP(R3) describes the studies undertaken by SOGREAH Consultants as part of the French Grant (FASEP) to Guangdong Provincial Government to support project preparation of the GPRDUEP. The modelling study has been undertaken in collaboration with the Guangzhou Research Institute for Environmental Protection (GRIEP) who were contracted directly by SOGREAH to participate on this study. An overview of the study and the reports to be provided as part of this assignment is provided in Chapter 1 of the report. Reports to be produced as part of this assignment include: * Ri: Inception Report (published in October, 2002); * R2: Evaluation of Environmental Strategic Options, English & Chinese Versions (published in March 2003); * R3: Environmental Assessment Report, English Version (This Report)
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* R4: Resettlement Action Plan, English Version (Overall Version) * R5: Feasibility Study for the Guangzhou Wastewater Component (Overall Version) * R6: Institutional Reform Report (published in August 2003) * R7: Assignment Completion Report, English & Chinese Versions.
DESCRIPTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELLING TOOL
The modelling tool used for this exercise was the CARIMA-CONDOR system developed by SOGREAH consisting of:
* The CARIMA hydraulic modelling tool capable of simulating unsteady flows in such flat, looped and tidally influenced system as the Pearl River Delta. The model has been extensively used worldwide by SOGREAH most notably on the Mekong Delta, the Ohio River etc. * To simulate pollutant behaviour accurately in such a "dynamic" system as the PRD requires a dynamic water quality simulation tool. The CONDOR system which is coupled directly to CARIMA has been developed jointly by SOGREAH and the University of Ohio in the USA to simulate pollutant advection, dispersion and reaction in such systems. SCOPE OF MODELLING EXERCISE
The modelling exercise has been limited primarily to the Guangzhou and Dongjiang Sections of the Pearl River Delta as illustrated in the following figure.
For the Guangzhou Section, pollutant loading rates for the sources of domestic and industrial pollution in the main urban area of Guangzhou have been assessed. For the Dongjiang Section, the loading rates have been derived from previous studies conducted in the region.
CALIBRATION OF HYDRAULIC & WATER QUALITY MODELS
Calibration of the hydraulic model was undertaken using flow and water level information for the dry season of 1987. To calibrate the model it was necessary to a) artificially extend the model upstream of Yagang and into the Beijiang Section of the Pearl River Delta; b) remodelling of the sections of the Guangzhou Section using actual bathymetric plans. An example of the hydraulic modelling results obtained at Huangsha is illustrated below.
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COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED WATER LEVELS AT HUANG SHA
Huangsha -Y (S232)
2 7 ...... _ -- .. . Ob_
2 -
Hours
COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANG SHA
Huangsha -Q (S232)
20000000 ]--- ______- -- ______
J 0 0 10 20 10 o [-CARIMA
3000 - .
... ._....___...... ------...... _...... ___ ...... --._...... _ Hours
SOGREAIH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGEXll GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
The pollution model was then calibrated using data from the Year 2000. As illustrated below, given the uncertainties associated with the measurements, the simulated results provided by the model are remarkably close to those measured. This attests in general to the detailed study of wastewater loading rates.
COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN INTHE FRONT SECTION OF THE GUANGZHOU SECTION
CALIBRATION PROFIL 1 DO
6 00 .... .-...... -. ..
4.00X ____ z 0 300--- F~~~~~~~~~~~~~~---cC M-EAN MEASURES
0 200-
1.00
~~~~~~A NA Nb _p Q,q,A
MODEL NODE
Nevertheless, it can be concluded to provide further confidence in the results of the modelling tool that: * More detailed time varying water quality measurements are required for a number of parameters (such as dissolved oxygen, ammonia and a surrogate of BOD); particular experimental studies should be undertaken (or made available) concerning the trends of Carbonaceous BOD, Nitrogenous BOD, Sediment Oxygen Demand and also the occurrence of a marked oxygen deficit in the vicinity of the junction of the Dongjiang with the Guangzhou Section between the Lianhuashan and Humen Monitoring Points. * These more detailed measurements should be coupled with hydraulic measurements. This would suggest a more intimate cooperation between the Pearl River Water Resources Commission (who undertake hydraulic measurements on the river systems) and the Guangdong EPB (who undertake the water quality measurements); * The scope of the modelling tool should be extended to cover at least upstream sections of the Guangzhou Section and the neighbouring Beijiang Sections. This should be associated with in- depth estimation of the associated pollution sources most notably in these sections and the Dongjiang section.
OBSERVATIONS OF CURRENT SYSTEM BEHAVIOUR
The results of the calibration exercise provided a number of key observations: * The related nature of the river systems in the PRD with flows reversing periodically in relation to tidal levels would suggest that pollution control strategies should be based on the hydrogeomorphological subdivision of the region rather than municipal boundaries
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* The pollution of the Yagang section (upstream of major water intakes for Guangzhou) is primarily due to pollution sources upstream, rather than the reversed flows from downstream. The nature of these sources remains to be investigated. * There are a number of distinct oxygen deficits or "sag curves" occurring within the Guangzhou Section, notably around the Liede Section, the Longgang Section and the Changzhou Section. These have all been replicated by the simulation model. The model also suggests the presence of a marked oxygen deficit in the downstream reaches where the Dongjiang meets the Guangzhou Section. This latter deficit has not been observed nor reported upon previously.
COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN INTHE BACK SECTION OF THE GUANGZHOU SECTION
CALIBRATION PROFILE 3 DOX
10.00
9.00
8 00 .
-I 7.00 . __
6.00 2 5.00 . _. -4-- C MEAN 5.00 -______T MEASURES Z 400 z 0 3.00
2.00 -- _
1.00 X 3g 0.00 ...... 4 A'P 4S V'" * S S§ S; '~, S~ cNC b S'~5N
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MODEL NODE
THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The wastewater project proposed for financing as part of a World Bank loan to Guangdong Provincial Government and thereafter Guangzhou Municipal Government consists of: i) the Liede WWTP Phase 3 and its associated network extension; ii) the Dashadi WWTP and its associated network; iii) network extensions in a further four contributing areas (Datansha, Xilang, Liede and Lijiao) There are also a number of ongoing wastewater projects in the study area covering both wastewater treatment plants (including those within the four network extension areas) and wastewater network extensions. These together with the World Bank financed subcomponents have been considered to represent the overall project.
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SIMULATIONS UNDERTAKEN
To test the impact of the project a number of comparative simulations were undertaken as summarised in the following table. The first simulation extends the existing (Year 2000) conditions to the Year 2010 providing the "Without" Project scenario with which to compare the various project options.
Description of Simulation Horizon Pollution (Year) Abatement (%) for BOD in Guangzhou Section Catchments 1 Baseline 2010 2010 12% 2 With Project 2010 2010 74%
3 With Project 2010+simpler wastewater treatment 2010 74% processes
4 With Project 2010+connecting catchments from 2010 85% Foshan (Nanhai)
5 With Project 2010+connecting catchments from 2010 89% Foshan (Nanhai) and Panyu
6 With Project 2010+connecting catchments from 2010 89% Foshan (Nanhai), Panyu and treatment of Foshan
IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
To test the impact of the project a number of comparative simulations were undertaken as summarised in the following table. The first simulation extends the existing (Year 2000) conditions to the Year 2010 providing the "Without" Project scenario with which to compare the various project As indicated in the main report and the associated annexes, the project improves dramatically the overall water quality of the Guangzhou Section of the PRD thereby enabling in the future aquatic life to return to these sections and protecting partially water resources.
For the so-called "Front Section" (largely Profile 1) of the river system both average dissolved oxygen and BOD values are generally sufficient to attain the Class IlIl (or in the case of BOD the Class II) standards. There remains nevertheless marked section of poor water quality downstream of the junction of this river system with the Dongjiang section.
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COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE FRONT SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010
COMPARISON PROJECT TO BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX
7 00
600_
z 5.00 2 (7 4 I . 0 40 0B *a ] |-Baselme2.000s 210
______PROJECT 2010
0 ° 2.00 _ t 1.00_
00, ...... p ,,~ r, .. ,, .9 d, ,.,,,. 1 4,, ...... I ~~~~~1-~ ~ ~~~~~~ ~ " I ' S
MODEL NODE
For the "Back Section" (Profiles 2 and 3), the improvement while marked do not generally enable water quality objectives to be attained. While there are marked improvements upstream of the Huangsha monitoring point (where water quality broadly attains the Class Ill standard, apart from ammonia), the water quality in the sections between Huangsha and Huangpuyou remains largely in the range Class IV-V. Close to Donglang there remains a marked oxygen deficit which would appear to be due to pollutant flows from the Beijiang Section (principally Foshan).
COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010
COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX
10 00 ...... - ......
9.00_ -_ . -
8.00
2 700 . _ . _
6.00 _ ---- 5.00 -BASELINE2000 , 5.00 _ _ \ I t lf ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s3--- BASELINE 2010 Z 4 0 0 __ _ --*-PROJECT 2010
1 00 0 3.00 -..... '2P ~ ~ ~ R
1 00~~~~~~~~~~1
MODEL NODE
SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGEXVI GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
THE IMPACT OF INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES
A number of scenarios were investigated testing the impact of inter-municipal sharing of wastewater facilities (notably between Guangzhou and Foshan).
The first scenario, involves the connection of wastewater catchments within Foshan Municipality bordering with Guangzhou Municipality directly into the wastewater system of Guangzhou. It was previously indicated in the Strategic Options Report that undertaking such an approach provided significant economic benefits as compared to installing individual (small) treatment plants in the towns of Foshan bordering Guangzhou.
The results of the modelling study, indicate a significant improvement of the reaches of the Guangzhou Section upstream of Huangsha on the Guangzhou Section of the PRD. Dissolved oxygen levels rise by approximately 1 mg/l as compared to the With Project case, whereas BOD and ammonia values are significantly reduced. These parameters are now all within the Class III water quality standard or better. Given that these particular reaches of the Guangzhou Section are a major water resource for Guangzhou (with two major potable water intakes sited here), their protection should be of paramount importance to Guangzhou.
RECOMMENDATIONS
* As described above this water quality modelling study has demonstrated the dramatic improvements that the network extension and wastewater treatment programme will have on the water quality of the Guangzhou Section of the PRD. Nevertheless, there remain a number of reaches, which are currently water resources for Guangzhou, for which the proposed water quality objectives are unlikely to be attained. Limited investigations included in this report suggest that for this to be attained, significant improvements in wastewater management in the neighbouring Beijiang Section of the PRD would be required. It is therefore recommended that this modelling study is extended to cover the Beijiang Section thereby considering wastewater investment options in Fodhan. * The modelling results have been supported obly by limited measurements. As and when further measurements become available, it is recommended to update the modelling tool. This should be undertaken as part of the modelling study integrating both the Guangzhou Section and the Beijiang Section of the PRD. * The simulations described above take account only of dry weather flows on the water quality of the PRD. As evidenced in both London and Paris, once the overall health of the river has been improved, the impact of intermittent (especially combined sewer overflow) discharges can lead to severe short term oxygen deficits and thereby to the death of aquatic life. It is recommended that this present study is extended to consider the impact of wet weather discharges, thereby developinng design parematers for combined sewer sizing and discharge control. * To protect the water resources of the Shimeng and Xicun intakes (the Xi Hang Dao), complementary actions would be required to manage wastewater discharges from neighbouring communities in Foshan (Nanhai) and additionally to control upstream sources of pollution. The wastewater flows from certain towns in Nanhai could be treated in WWTP within Guangzhou; * To further protect water resources of the Baihedong and Shixi intakes (on the Hou Hang Dao), management of discharges from the neighbouring Beijoiang Section would also be required in the long term. Given that these intakes are downstream of the Datansha and Xilang WWTP outfalls, it may prove advisable in the future to relocate the water resource for the associated water treatment plants.
SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGEXVII
GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. THE GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT
The Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) is China's third longest river and is second only to the Yangtse river in terms of annual average flow. The Pearl River composed of three major branches, the West River (Xi Jiang), the North River (Bei Jiang) and the East River (Dong Jiang) discharges to the South China Sea via eight outlets forming the distributary channels of the Pearl River Delta (PRD). Since the opening up of China in 1979, the Pearl River Delta Region has witnessed phenomenal economic growth with average GDP rising by 14.7% on average over the period 1990-2000; the delta has with the two Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau become the major outlet for manufactured goods to the rest of the world. Both the total population and the urbanisation rate have increased equally rapidly. Over the period 1990 to 2000 the population in the PRD rose by almost 7% to almost 40 million inhabitants, largely due to inward migration of workers seeking employment. However, investment in environmental control has not kept pace; this is evidenced by the severe deterioration in water quality conditions during the period. Today many of the reaches of the Zhu Jiang, especially in the vicinity of Guangzhou are at Class V (and therefore unfit for use as a drinking water resource).
Recognising the severity and the urgency of the water quality problems, Guangdong Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau has recently launched an ambitious eight year investment program totalling almost 45 Billion RMB known as the "Pearl River Clean-Up Campaign". It is in this context that the World Bank and Guangdong Provincial Government has launched the Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban Environmental Project (GPRDUEP). Although concentrating predominantly in terms of infrastructure investment in the Municipality of Guangzhou, the project aims primarily at developing cost-effective strategies and institutional models which can serve as a "blue-print" for the whole PRD Region. A major challenge of the project is to develop institutional models able to traverse the traditional administrative boundaries (between counties and districts within municipalities, and between municipalities themselves) thus enabling the cost savings associated with economies of scale to be achieved.
FIGURE 1-1: THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION [REF. 1]
OI EKion,l, Hunan Prov. Jiangxi Prov. Fujian Proy.
GuangxiR _) Guangdong Provi 4 Guangxi AR fS~^ 4 * 4
d r< 4 W * / * ~~~~~~~~~PRDR.g,on-l Node t., z - 4 * ,j~, 4 1g PRD Prefecture-le.el City V ,> . ; t*- s~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PRO Counly-le,81 Cty t = * citl~~~~~~~~~~~esoul of P RD D E s* Citles in other provinces
0 4Guangdong r.y,n.e 4, > " - - _ PRHongKongSoAR P i otrpherPRDp Kernel PRD
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SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PG GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
1.2. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the services provided by SOGREAH to Guangdong Provincial Government, funded by a French Grant under the FASEP system, covers the provision of Design Review and Advisory (DRA) Services to enable GPG and participating municipalities, such as Guangzhou Municipal Government, to prepare the documents necessary for World Bank approval of a potential Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Project. To undertake a detailed study of the whole Pearl River Delta Region would be clearly impractical and out of the scope and budget of this assignment. However, given the vast environmental problems of the region and the immense requirements for infrastructure, a major difficulty is to know where to start.
The studies undertaken by CHREOD [Refs. 2, 3 and 22] have provided a broad framework within which other more targeted consultancy assignments can operate.
Figure 1-2 presents a sub-division of the PRD Region into so-called "Urban Clusters". Seven urban clusters have been generally recognised: * GuangFo Metropolitan Region (GMR) comprising Guangzhou Municipality, Foshan, Nanhai and Shunde; * Dongjiang Urban Region (DUR) comprising Dongguan City and a number of towns scattered along the Dongjiang; * East-Central Delta Urban Region (ECDUR) comprising a number of towns withing Dongguan (Chang'an Town and Humen Town) and northern portions of Baoan District in Shenzhen; * Shenzhen Metropolitan Region (SMR), largely corresponding to Shenzhen administrative boundaries but also including a cluster of towns in southern Dongguan; * Hong Kong Metropolitan Region (MKMAR); * Zhuihai-Macao Urban Region (ZMUR); * Zhongshan-Jiangmen Urban Region (ZJUR)
Various studies have indicated that the GMR has the highest wastewater load (see Chapter 4) discharging to the Pearl River Delta. As a result of this river reaches in this area are particularly Further justification for commencing a long term project in this particular sub-region of the Pearl River Delta can be obtained from consideration of political perspectives. Guangzhou being the seat of the Provincial Government, can play a significant role as a model for the development of future projects in other sub-regions.
For these major reasons, the scope of the study area for this assignment has been limited to the urban areas falling within Guangzhou Municipality, Foshan Municipality, Nanhai and Shunde forming the so-called "Guangzhou Metropolitan Region" alternatively known as "Guang Fo"
SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE2 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
FIGURE 1-2: URBAN CLUSTERS INTHE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION [FROM REF. 22]
A
1.3. PURPOSE & SCOPE OF THIS REPORT
This Environmental Analysis for the Guangdong Pearl River Urban Environment Project (R3) is a second level document in a series of reports produced for the World Bank Appraisal of the projects within GPRDUEP. The primary aim of this report is to satisfy the requirements of the PRC and also the World Bank regarding environmental impact assessment and mitigation, more especially Operational Policies and Bank Procedures 4.01 on EIA, 4.04 on Natural Habitats, 4.1 1 on Cultural Property, 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement and 4.10 on Indigenous People A second major objective is to prepare an Environmental Management Plan which should provide the operational basis for the implementation of mitigation measures both during construction and operation stages of the project. An overview of the reports to be provided as part of this assignment' is provided in Figure 1-3. Reports to be produced as part of this assignment include: * Rl: Inception Report ; * R2: Evaluation of Environmental Strategic Options; * R3: Environmental Assessment Report (Overall Version) • R4: Resettlement Action Plan (Overall Version) * R5: Guangzhou Wastewater Component Feasibility Study Report; * R6: Technical Assistance and Training Report;
The Feasibility Study Report for the proposed Solid Waste Component is not part of this Assignment
SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE3 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
R7: Assignment Completion Report
FIGURE 1-3: OVERVIEW OF REPORTS TO BE PRODUCED FOR WORLD BANK APPRAISAL
GUANDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRC.Ij ,II--' iT PROJECT
PROJECT OBJECTIVES PROJECT STRATEGY DESCRIPTION OF PROJECTS PROJECT ANALYSIS SUSTAINABILITY & RISKS PROJECT COSTINGS IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
BACKGROUND TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT AREA INSTITUTIONAL AND NEED FOR THE PROJECT LEGAL FRAMEWORK DESCRI PTION OF PROJECT DESCRIPTION PROJECT BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPAC ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL IMPACT SITUATION PROJECT COSTINGS IMPACT IDENTIFICATION IMPLEMENTATION AND AND ANALYSIS, PROCUREMENT MITIGATION MEASURES ECONOMIC ANALYSIS ENVIRONMENTAL FINANCIAL ANALYSIS MANAGEMENT AND INSTITUTIONAL MONITORING PLAN ANALYSIS PUBLIC CONSULTATION
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1.4. ORGANISATION & LAYOUT OF THE EA REPORT
The Environmental Analysis Report itself has been sub-divided into five separate volumes, namely: * Volume 1: The Environmental Assessment Summary Report for the GPRDUEP; * Volume 2: The Overall Environmental Assessment Report for the Guangzhou Wastewater Component;
* Volume 3: The Environmental Assessment Report for the Guangzhou Hazardous Waste Component; * Volume 4: The Environmental Management Plan for the GPRDUEP; * Volume 5: The Guangzhou Section Water Quality Modelling Report. * Volume 6: Framework EIA for Inter-Municipal Infrastructure
This latter volume which is the subject of this particular report provides the detailed report coving the water quality modelling studies conducted during Project Preparation to support the development of the Guangzhou Wastewater Component and the overall environmental assessment report for this component.
The ensuing chapters of this report deal with the following topics: Chapter 2 Description of the Pearl River Delta Chapter 3 Previous Modelling of the Guangzhou Section of the PRD
Chapter 4 Construction and Calibration of the Hydraulic Model
Chapter 5 Construction andCalibration of the Pollution Model
Chapter 6 Pollution Model Simulations
The report is accompanied by a series of appendices covering the following topics: Appendix A Bibliography Appendix B Set up of Model Appendix C Model Calibration Appendix D Model Simulations
SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE5 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA
The Pearl River is China's third longest river after the Yangste River (Chang Jiang) and the Yellow River (Huang He) with a length of 2070 km. The overall river basin has an area of 453,700 km2 which is drained by three major branches known as the West River (Xi Jiang), the East River (Dong Jiang) and the North River (the Bei Jiang) (see Table 2-1).
TABLE 2-1: CHARASTERISTICS OF THE MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE PEARL RIVER
Branch/Section of Length (km) Catchment Surface Average Pearl River Area (kM2) Water Gradient (%) Resources (109 m3/year)
West River 2075 353120 225.5 0.58
North River 468 46710 49.0 0.26 East River 520 27040 28.0 0.39 Main course of 129 26820 31.3 -.05 Pearl River Delta
Pearl River 453700 333.8
Catchment ______
These branches of the Pearl River converge and thereafter diverge at the Pearl River Delta. As illustrated in Figure 2-1, the Pearl River Delta is commonly divided into four distinct hydro- morphological sections known as: * The Xi Jiang; * The Bei Jiang; * The Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River; * the Dong Jiang.
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FIGURE 2-1: SUBDIVISION OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION
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SOGREAH BYN. REPORT N 3 * _3 P 7
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The distributary channels of these sections of the Pearl River Delta, then drain to South China Sea, via 8 exits (or gates) discharging to three major estuaries as indicated in the following table.
TABLE 2-2: RELTAIONSHIP BETWEEN ESTUARIES & OUTLETS OF THE PEARL RIVER DELTA SYSTEM
Estuary Discharge Outlet Percentage (%) Aimen 13 Aimen
Huttiamen Modaomen 34 Modaomen
Jitimen Pearl River 53 Humen
Jiaomen Honggilimen
Hengmen
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3. CONSTRUCTION OF THE HYDRAULIC MODEL
3.1. PREVIOUS MODELLING OF THE GUANGZHOU SECTION
Guangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Protection (GRIEP) provided access to basic data concerning the hydraulic modelling of the Guangzhou section and Dongjiang branch (Eastern section) constructed in 1988 with the aim of water quality studies in the Pearl River in and around Guangzhou.
The modelised Zhujiang branch, flowing through Guangzhou City down to Dahu or Humen exit extends over some 80 km. The Dongjiang branch (eastern branch) extends over some 65 Km between Qilinaui and Boluo and the multiple confluence points with the Zhujiang branch (See enclose map).
The model comprises some 330 cross sections, representing some 104 channels, linked by means of 62 nodes (see Figure 3-1). The Guangzhou River in its downstream part is a particularly meshed river network.
Concerning boundary conditions, 10 inflow conditions were considered at the different upstream boundaries, and the downstream condition was considered as tidal water levels evolution. For Guangzhou section, on the north branch, 3 boundary conditions, representing upstream inflows were represented: The main one, Yagang (section 207or boundary -7), and Shuikou gate (section 218 or boundary -8), and Beicun gate (section 226 or boundary -9).
More to the west, 2 boundary conditions are represented: Wadou (section 234 or boundary -10) and Lezhu (section 238 or boundary -11)
For the Dongjiang branch (eastern branch), 4 boundary conditions were represented :Qilinzui (section 024 or boundary -2) and Boluo (section 001 or boundary -1), representing the two main inflows of this branch. Two other minor boundary conditions were added: Zhangseng (section 144 or boundary -6) and in the vicinity of Mayong (section 134 or boundary -5) Further downstream and on the Right Bank, Shundeshuidao branch inflow is imposed by means of section 190 (or boundary -3) at Sanshakou.
The downstream boundary condition is the tide water level imposed at Bahu (section 330).
SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE9 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT
FIGURE 3-1: GUANGZHOU SECTION MODEL
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q Je , /s / *-' I,l / SOGREAH -BYN REPORTN 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE10 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 3.2. TOPOLOGICAL DATA USED Cross sections used for the model were extracted from 1/5000 or 1/10000 maps depending on the branches. These maps were based on bathymetric surveys carried out between 1975 and 1983. The width of the river varies between 200 to 700 m within both the Guangzhou section and the Dongjiang section (eastern branch) to 1 to 4 km and more for the downstream part of the Pearl River delta represented in the model. From the surveys, GRIEP defined simplified cross sections described by means of bottom elevation and width. A few typical cross sections are presented in the figures here after. Pearl River modelisation Typical section S207 (Yagang) 4 41,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~------ 24 - ______ s~ -- 0 - - - - Sriem 0v w) 100 150 20) 250 300 35 450I -2 -3 J-- Width (m) SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE11 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT Pearl river modelisation Typical section: S326 (Downstream delta part) 2 - -- -- _ _ _ -- - - 1 I ______ E0 I000 156.) 2C0"Z 25r,:, E -1 0 Seriel 0 -3 ______ Width (m) Pearl River modelisation - Typical section S001 (Eastern Dongjiang branch) 14 ------_ 1 2- _ -- _ _ __- - _ __ -- _ _- __- __ -_, 10 - - - _ _ E I 0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Width (m) SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE12 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT PEARL RIVER modelisation -Typical section S170 (Dasheng) 2- _ ____ --_--__ __- ______-- ___ . 1 ___-- ___ - -- ___- __--- _- _ __ O------.------a L l 200 400 eoo 8uO lOOt) 12rl' : E 0 S-0--s1 -3 Width (m) According to the cross section definition provided, it can be observed that the slope of the river bottom is very small. From the upstream part of the Guangzhou section (Yagang) down to some 60 km downstream, the average elevation of the river bottom decreases only from -2m AD to some - 3m AD. This gives at is to say an average slope of 1 to 2 cm / km. (Elevations given in meters, within Pearl River reference system). The Dongjiang branch (Eastern), however has a steeper slope. Over some 65 km the average bottom elevation decreases between El. +4m to - 2m, giving a slope of some 9cm / km. 3.3. HYDRAULIC INFORMATION USED Hydraulic data, mainly water level observations during various periods (flood period, dry period, different tide conditions) were used to validate the model constructed by the GRIEP at the end of the eighties. These observations were carried out between 1968 and 1988 at different locations in the basin. In the provided report it was mentioned that oldest data were provided by Pearl River Water Resources Commission, the later data were measured on site (Reference: Hydraulic Dynamic Calculations of Guangzhou section / 1991). The following condition and observation period were considered: * From 1968/06/27th to 29th that is to say 34 h duration, flood with big tide, * From 1974/07/21st to 2 3 rd ( 31 h) tropical storm with tide, * From 1978/07/06th to 7th (33 hours) normal hydro flow with big tide, * From 1982/03/25th to 26th (35 hours), dry season with big tide, * From 1987/12/16th to 25 th (198 hours), dry season full tide, SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE13 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT From 19 9 8 /1 2 /25th to 31 't (168 hours), dry season full tide To the upstream part of the Guangzhou section (Yagang sector), the river water levels are influenced by the downstream tide conditions. The tide is an irregular half day mixed type featuring 2 tidal cycles during a lunar day. In the Water Quality Calculation 1D Research Report Concerning the Tide - (Pearl River Water resource Commission - 1989), it is mentioned that the average daily tide amplitude is of some 1.38 m in Fubiacohang, and 1.64 m in Huangpu. These two gauging stations are in the vicinity of Guangzhou City. Observations are carried out since 1908 in Fubiaochang and 1946 in Huangpu. The following example provided by the GRIEP presents a sample of tidal water level evolution at Dahu (downstream boundary condition) FIGURE 3-2: DOWNSTREAM BOUNDARY CONDITION (TIDAL LEVEL) USED INTHE MODEL G..ngM.hou- P-, RiverTildl bo.nd.ry -ndidon at DAHU(GdEP a... 1) _ -- I_ I ____j~~Ji: C The representativity of the GRIEP model was checked using December 1987 and December 1988 observations as concluded in the Hydraulic Dynamic Calculations of the Guangzhou section report. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE14 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 3-3: MONITORING LOCATIONS Wa and Hydraulic Sites X@B . l40 r ~~~~~~Yuencun In~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~p Put:,o PbntXE E rs Legaid~~~~~~~~~~bd ~1.: Legenld E Wter Quality Monitoring Stations , , M ydrol]UicSt8tions N 0153 6 9 12 EN_ L _ Kiorneters SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE15 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 3.4. COMPLEMENTARY INFORMATION COLLECTED From Pearl River Estuary Pollution Project report (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology - 2001) it can be reported than the Pearl River has the lowest sediment content of about 0.27 kg/m3 of the seven major rivers in China. The solids content is higher during the flooding season (April to September) varying from about 0.14 kg/m3 to 0.53 kg/m3, and it is lower during the dry season (October to March). Nevertheless, due to the large volume of flow in the Pearl River system, the total sediment load is high. These rather low values of sediment loads confirm those provided in the 1989 Pearl River Water Resource Commission report, relating a solid concentration of 0.02 to 0.25 Kg/m3 in the Guangzhou section from Yagang to Huangpu. The relative low sediment transport rate, and the fine apparent granulometry could explain the low river bed evolution during the period. 3.4.1. BED RIVER ROUGHNESS Roughness of the river bed is expressed by means of Manning or Strickler coefficient. For every section, this coefficient has to be adjusted during model calibration phase. For the Pearl River model described above, GRIEP considered a river bed roughness with Manning coefficient in the range 0.018 to 0.030 (Strickler coefficient from 33 to 55), depending on the reaches. These values correspond to a low bed roughness, as it can be observed during low tide period. 3.4.2. CARIMA MODEL All these collected data were used to build a CARIMA System model, containing all topological, topographic and hydraulic data. From the created model file, a coded instruction file was then created. The file contains the same data as above but under coded form suitable for efficient computation of the subsystem Preliminary hydraulic calculations, on both steady an unsteady flows were carried out successfully but as described below did not reproduce the observed flow characteristics. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE16 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 4. CALIBRATION OF HYDRAULIC MODEL The event used for the calibration of the hydraulic model and in all subsequent tests is that based upon the hydraulic observations made in December 1987 representing a typical dry season flow with a full tide. Initial results with the model as supplied indicated that the amplitude of the simulated tidal wave was not being reproduced. As was discussed in Chapter 3 the sections used in the initial model were highly simplified. Furthermore, the sections also did not include the deeper parts of the main channel as illustrated in the comparison below. This leads directly to the poor representation of the tidal wave. FIGURE 41: COMPARISON OF SECTIONS USED IN INITIAL MODEL AND ACTUAL SECTIONS AS PER MARINE SAFETY NAVIGATION PLANS Pearl river modelisation Typical section S326 (Downstream delta part) E C - - __ - . 1 - .-X-- E~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Sr C~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 60.)~~~~~~~~~~~~,> Width,I' SOG -BYN-REAH REPORT ______Width(m SOCEA 3-07- -YN OCOE-00-EOR .! -V AE GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 4.1. ADAPTATION OF SECTIONS & HYDRUALIC MODEL Sections for the main stream of the Guangzhou Section of the PRD from Humen to Huangsha were abstracted from recent plans provided by the China Marine Safety Agency. Sections approximately every 100 m were abstracted from the detailed plans and included in the hydraulic model. Previous modelling of the Guangzhou Section used upstream water levels as the upstream boundary conditions. This permits flow to both enter and exit at these upstream boundary conditions. For hydraulic modelling purposes such an approach is acceptable, although not ideal. However, to simulate correctly pollution modelling the upstream boundary conditions should be moved upstream of the tidally affected zones. This would involve however representing in detail the Beijiang Section and sections upstream of Yagang which was beyond the scope of this study. Instead the sections in these regions were artificially extended. 4.2. FINAL MODEL RESULTS The final results of the hydraulic calibration are included in Appendix C as a series of water level and discharge graphs over the full period of the simulation. The following figures illustrate the comparisons for the Huang Sha monitoring site demonstrating the more than satisfactory nature of the final hydraulic calibration. FIGURE 4-2: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED &SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HUANG SHA Huangsha -Y (S232) - 2- --.- -2v- - - . -- - . 1 A iA 2 110I Osevtin ._ ._____. _._--...___.._...... ______...... Hours SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE18 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 4-3: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANG SHA Huangsha -Q (S232) 200--- -Obs-raa-on s A-00 Hours SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE19 I GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 5. POLLUTION MODEL The pollution model used in the analysis is the CONDOR (CONvection Diffusion and/or Reaction) system developed by SOGREAH in the early 1980s. CONDOR is a simulation tool to study the transport and evolution of pollutants in the unsteady flow or multi-connected river or channel networks. The simulation covers pollutant transport (by convection), longitudinal diffusion, possible decay and reactions. 5.1. DESCRIPTION OF POLLUTION MODEL FOR THE GUANGZHOU SECTION 5.1.1. POLLUTANT LOAD CALCULATIONS 5.1.1.1. GUANGZHOU SECTION OF THE PRD Pollutant load calculations for the Guangzhou Section of the PRD have been developed on the basis of the population and water demand estimations developed in the Evaluation of Strategic Options Report [Ref.124]. Wastewater loading rates for domestic sources have been developed on the basis of standard loading rates typically used in China, notably: TABLE 5-1: WASTEWATER LOADING RATES FOR DOMESTIC POLLUTION SOURCE (GICAPIDAY) SS 33 COD 56 BOD 28 Tot-N 5 NH3-N 4 Tot-P 0.7 E.coli 1E+09 Additionally loadings for non-domestic sources have been included in the calculations. Wastewater flows and pollution loads for "large" industries have been obtained from figures supplied by GRIEP as included in Appendix B and have been added to the former two sources of pollution. Pollution generation rates have been then calculated for each catchment as per Figure 5-1. The total pollution load generated per catchment is included in Appendix B for both Horizons 2000 and 2010. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE20 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 5-1: CATCHMENT DIVISION FOR THE GUANGZHOU SECTION OF THE PRD z) "S C' L - ~~~ID ~~~7-~ ~ / - SOGREAH -BYN- REPORT N°355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE 21 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT These data represent the pollution loads generated within each catchment. The loads reaching the main river are then influenced by two major factors: * Degradation and sedimentation processes occurring in the creeks prior to discharge to the main river. It has been assumed that 70% of the BOD and COD loads are consumed in this manner; it has been assumed that ammonia is not altered due to the undoubted low dissolved oxygen levels occurring in the creeks. * The collection and treatment of wastewater by the existing systems. As indicated in Table 5-2 three treatment plants were functioning in the region at this horizon. A major difficulty was to estimate the area contributing to these plants at this horizon, especially for the Liede Catchment. As indicated in terms of BOD, an overall pollution abatement of 14% was calculated for this horizon. TABLE 5-2: CHARACTERISTICS OF BASELINE SIMULATION USED INCALIBRATIO NOF POLLUTION MODEL Horizon (Year) Treatment Plants Pollution Connected/Level of Abatement (%) for Treatment BOD 1 Baseline 2000 2000 Dashadi Phases 14% 1&2: A20 Liede Phase 1: AB Industrial Zone: AS 5.1.1.2. DONGJIANG SECTION OF THE PRD Loading rates for pollution sources were derived from the Draft Final Report of the Dongjiang Water Quality Modelling undertaken by DHI [Ref. 57] 5.1.1.3. BEIJIANG (FOSHAN) SECTION OF THE PRD Only very approximate values used based for the Foshan section based upon population figures and an assumed industrial loading rate. 5.1.2. BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Boundary (both upstream and downstream) water quality conditions were obtained from available measurements for the following points: * Yagang . Boluo * Qilingzui * Shaluowei * Dashi SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE22 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 5.1.3. POLLUTANT REACTIONS CONDOR enables the user to define his own series of pollutant interactions. For the purposes of this study the following interactions were taken into account. 5.1.3.1. DBO CYCLE The DBO cycle is represented by the equation: dDBO dD = -(K, + K3)DBO where * K, is the degradation constant * K3 is the loss by sedimentation 5.1.3.2. NITROGEN CYCLE Nitrogen can be found in three forms (NH4, N02 and N03), organic nitrogen being neglected. The kinetics of the reactions are: dNH4 = -KNH4 NH 4 -KAI dt dNO = +KNH4NH4 - KN02NO2 dt NH 4 N0 2 dNO3 = +KNO2NO- - KN03 NO 3 - KA 2 dt N0 2 where * KNH4 is the constant of oxidation of ammonium to nitrites; * KNO2 is the constant of oxidation of nitrites to nitrates; * KA, is the lossin ammonium without formation of nitrites * KA2 is the loss in nitrates (consumption by plants) 5.1.3.3. OXYGEN CYCLE The kinetics of oxygen reaction is expressed as follows: dDOX = photosynthesis - plant _ respiration- benthic _respiration dt 2 2 - 1.l 1KN,2 -3 . KNH4 - K DBO + reoxygenation 1.11 and 3.22 are factors giving the number of grams of oxygen consumed for oxidising one gram of nitrogen to nitrites or nitrates. SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE23 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 5.2. CALIBRATION OF POLLUTION MODEL 5.2.1. DATA USED INCALIBRATION The data used for calibration of the pollution model consisted of "spot measurement" collected during the dry-season in the Year 2000 at a number of sites in the Guangzhou Section of the Pearl River Delta. A summary of this data is provided in Erreur I Source du renvoi introuvable. below. TABLE 5-3: WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULTS FOR YEAR 2000 (SOURCE: GUANGZHOU EPB) Station Period pH SS DS DO CODM, BOD NH3-N NH4+-N N02--N N03--N wetseason 7.15 41 33.8 3.7 3.61 2.87 0.021 1.500 0.311 1.360 YaGang dry season 7.16 40 43.9 1.8 4.83 3.87 0.006 0.010 0.243 2.510 average 7.04 45 33.7 3.5 3.70 2.03 0.004 0.360 0.197 2.600 wet season 7.17 50 41.1 2.5 1.07 3.52 0.037 2.100 0.296 1.440 YinJingHai dry season 7.26 46 56.9 0.7 5.66 4.81 0.034 4.010 0.203 1.300 average 7.08 57 44.7 2.5 4.21 3.69 0.014 1.210 0.282 2.260 wet season 7.35 51 48.4 2.4 5.01 4.06 0.066 3.020 0.310 1.100 HuangSha dry season 7.35 57 66.3 0.6 7.23 6.38 0.071 7.410 0.075 0.341 average 7.24 52 51.5 2.9 4.99 4.34 0.034 2.220 0.292 1.500 wetseason 7 31 48 49.2 1.4 5.11 4.27 0.063 3.250 0.300 0.995 LieDe dry season 7.33 65 68.8 0.4 9.00 7.7 0.082 9.340 0.063 0.245 average 7.29 69 54.4 2.0 5.51 4.78 0.044 2.650 0.212 0.871 wet season 7.42 51 49.0 4.4 4.31 3.32 0.039 1.720 0.171 1.220 DongLang dry season 7.34 49 66.9 1.3 7.29 5.77 0.060 6.580 0.068 0.294 average 7.26 43 52.6 2.7 4.99 4.18 0.026 1.750 0.250 1 280 wet season 7.41 46 47 8 3.7 3 59 2.73 0.041 1.730 0.198 1.100 ChangZhou dry season 7.34 54 70.2 2.0 5.53 4.35 0.049 5.420 0.236 0.779 average 7.23 55 51.2 3.2 3.84 3.11 0.022 1.350 0.207 2.030 wetseason 7 34 44 47.4 3.7 3.50 3.21 0.029 1.430 0.307 1.200 DunTouJi dry season 7.26 55 75.7 3.4 4.93 4.85 0.028 3 740 0.332 1.580 average 7.11 58 49.6 3.2 3.85 301 0.006 0.530 0 136 3.040 wetseason 7.32 44 41.0 3.5 2.79 1.93 0.021 1.080 0.288 1.170 LianHuaShan dry season 7.25 46 72.3 3.7 4.06 3.55 0.013 1.820 0.226 1.580 average 7.11 62 46.3 3.5 3.48 2.45 0.004 0.350 0.111 2.800 Station Period CN- As Hg Cr6 Pb Cd Oil EC TN TP CI_ wet season 0.002 0 0.00002 0.002 0.0053 0.00003 0.06 207 3.10 0.18 18.3 YaGang dry season 0.002 0 0.00002 0.002 0.0038 0.00003 0.07 318 4.19 0.13 39.4 average 0.002 0 0.00010 0.002 0.0027 0.00003 0.05 241 3.65 0.13 25.2 wet season 0.002 0 0.00002 0.002 0.0061 0.00003 0.10 248 4.60 0.26 49.6 YinJingHai dry season 0002 0.01 0.00003 0.002 0.0057 0.00006 0.13 412 5.74 0.31 48.6 average 0.002 0 0.00014 0.002 0.0046 0.00004 0.06 312 4.13 0.24 32.6 wet season 0.002 0 0.00003 0.002 0.0068 0.00007 0.12 265 4.82 0.23 20.8 HuangSha dry season 0.002 0.01 0.00002 0.002 0.0096 0.00009 0.18 489 8.18 0.48 55.6 average 0.002 0 0.00011 0.002 0.0081 0.00006 0.06 325 4.10 0.21 29.7 SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE24 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 6 Station Period CN- As Hg Cr Pb Cd Oil EC TN TP CI_ wet season 0.002 0 0.00005 0.002 0 0073 0.00001 0.11 278 4.93 0.31 21.2 LieDe dry season 0.002 0.01 0.00003 0.002 0.0124 0 00012 0.23 497 10.25 0.78 55.6 average 0.002 0 0.00014 0.002 0.0064 0.00003 0.08 324 4.14 0.35 28.2 wetseason 0.002 0 0.00005 0.002 0.0075 0.00011 0.08 225 3.50 0.16 12.2 DongLang dry season 0 002 0.01 0.00004 0.002 0.0091 0.00008 0.17 461 7.56 0.37 48.5 average 0.002 0 0.00016 0.002 0.0056 0.00004 0.08 306 3.77 0.16 24.5 wet season 0.002 0 0.00002 0.002 0.0064 0.00005 0.05 216 3.48 0 13 9.2 ChangZhou dry season 0.002 0.01 0.00002 0.002 0.0062 0.00011 0.11 490 6.58 0.28 61.3 average 0.002 0 0.00012 0.002 0.0072 0.00004 0.04 283 3.91 0.24 22.7 wet season 0.002 0 0.00003 0.002 0.0056 0.00003 0.05 216 3.32 0.13 12.3 DunTouJi dry season 0.002 0 0.00002 0.002 0.0067 0.00009 0.09 586 5.77 0.17 141.0 average 0.002 0 0.00010 0.002 0 0120 0.00008 0.05 279 4.00 0.14 27.0 wet season 0.002 0 0.00002 0.002 0.0072 0.00007 0.05 195 2.89 0.12 13.0 Lianhuashan dry season 0.002 0 0.00002 0.002 0.0081 0.00030 0.08 640 3.74 0.16 200.0 average 0 002 0 0.00009 0.002 0.0063 0.00010 0.05 278 3.71 0.14 31.7 5.2.1.1. COMMENTARY ON MEASUREMENTS These results confirm that organic pollution from domestic and industrial wastewater is the main problem in the Pearl River Delta. Dissolved Oxygen is close to nil in Huangsha and Liede stations during the dry season, when BOD5 and COD are at their maximum because of the very low flow in the river. However, even the most upstream station of Yagang presents a low dissolved oxygen concentration of less than 2 mg/l (worse than Class 5 of water quality), which is an extreme low value to accommodate aquatic life survival. Except the two most downstream stations of Duntouji and Lianhuashan which present DO values of about 3.5 mg/l in dry season (Class 4 of water quality), all the other stations do not exceed 2 mg/I. Refer to Figures 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 for these parameters. Ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus follow this trend and also show their maximum during dry season in Huangsha and Liede (Class 5 and worse). Other stations belong to Classes 3 and 4. The low ammonia values at Yagang in the dry season would appear to be incoherent, and are most probably due to errors in measurement and/or analysis. Oil concentration in water is significantly high in all stations, whatever the season. Regarding this parameter, all stations classify as Class 4. For heavy metals, water classifies generally in Class 1 quality with few exceptions: Higher concentrations in mercury during inter-season is observed in most stations, lowering water quality to class 3 or 4 for this parameter. Concentration in lead is slightly over the maximum limit for Class I in Liede (dry season) and Duntouji (inter-season). Another set of parameters was analysed, including Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids and Chloride Cl-, in order to assess the effect of the tide and of the reverse flow on the salinity of the estuary and of the river branches particularly during the dry season. SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE25 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT During the dry season, electrical conductivity of water increases regularly from upstream to downstream, as a result of a more significant backflow because of the very low discharge of the river. The influence of the more salty waters of the downstream part of the estuary expands up to Huangsha or even Yinjinghai station. However, for the 2 most upstream stations, EC remains within normal values of 300 to 400 pSiemens, considering the effluent discharge which supply the river with dissolved salts. During wet and inter seasons, the values remain more stable for all the stations, at about 200 to 300 pS all along the river reaches. A slight maximum is observed for the intermediary stations during these periods, as a result of wastewater discharge in the medium reaches. These observations are confirmed by a similar evolution of the Total Dissolved Solids. Evolution of chloride Cl- is even more typical of sea water backflow influence in the river during dry periods. Chloride is high only in Duntouji and Lianhuashan stations. In the other stations, the concentration remains stable around 50 mg/I. Only the station of Yinjinghai shows a slightly higher chloride concentration during wet and inter seasons, possibly because of some discharge with high chloride concentration. Based on these few elements, it may be concluded that the influence of sea water on the estuary is limited to its downstream part and does not affect significantly the reaches located upstream of Duntouji station, even if backflow is observed further upstream. No account has been therefore taken of the impact of salinity on dissolved oxygen levels in the modelling study. Three main parameters have been used to calibrate the model: * Ammonia levels * BOD levels * Oxygen levels COD was not simulated as the pollutant source information is based on measurements on COD (Potassium Bichromate) and the river sampling uses COD (Permanganate). The relationship between these measurements of oxygen demand is itself variable and non-linear introducing another level of uncertainty in the analysis. Ideally such models with such a complicated hydraulic regime would be calibrated using information obtained from both "spot sampling" and on-line measurements. At present there are only a limited number of such automatic water quality monitoring stations on the PRD. The following figure illustrates the daily variation in temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia that can be observed at such sites. It should also be noted that these measurements are daily mean values and hide the often large hourly variations (as exhibited by the dynamic water quality model). SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE26 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 5-2: VARIATION OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETER AT THE CHANGZHOU AUTOMATIC WATER QUALITY MONITORING STATION 2003 Variation of Water Quality Parameters 2003 12 --- _ , , -,_. 6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~2 3-N00mg/LI 4. ' I l; 10~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1 2 _.------______ RNNN N N N N N N N NN N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N i2 °I 31 °4 ° 2 °z °5 -; - 3 ;5 B &;53 B 3 st -- N O N ONO0 N 0NNO N N O N N)O~ N O N 0O;7 --N OO Date 5.2.1.2. HYDRAULIC DATA For the model calibration the "dry season" data has been used. It has been assumed that the hydrological conditions used to calibrate the hydraulic model are broadly representative of those prevalent at the time of the dry weather sampling. It would be clearly advisable to utilise hydraulic and water quality information that was observed during the same period. Although it is understood that such data available, it was not possible to collect such data during the period of this study. 5.2.2. RESULTS OF CALIBRATION The results of the pollutant simulations are illustrated graphically in Appendix C. The results from the simulations have been generally portrayed on "long profiles" illustrating the variation of the parameter along the river reach. Three parameters were analysed for each long profile (dissolved oxygen, BOD and ammonia). The three profiles are portrayed graphically on Figure 5-3. * Profile 1 includes the reaches from Shamian Dao (the site of the White Swan Hotel) via the so- called East Channel joining the HuangPu Channel to the north of HuangPu Island. The profile then follows the channel to the north of the islands in the main stream (including Daohaosha) joining the main stream forming the Xinsha Fairway. The river then flows as one main channel via Humen and the estuary. Measurement points along this section (from upstream to downstream) are: SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE27 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT - Huangsha - Liede - Duntouji - Lianhuashan - Humen * Profile 2 follows the north section of the Guangzhou Section from Yagang east of Datansha Island to follow the South Channel passing thereafter along the Lijiao Channel (north of Dawan Sha) and through the Yuangangsha Channel (south of Shigangzhou). The route then rejoins the main channel via the Tiezhuang Channel and again the Xinsha Fairway before discharging to the estuary. Measurement points along this section (from upstream to downstream) are: - Yagang - YinJingHai - DongLang - Duntouji - Lianhuashan - Humen * Profile 3 again follows the north section of the Guangzhou Section from Yagang east of Datansha Island to follow the South Channel passing thereafter along the Daweijaio Channel (south of Dawan Sha) through the Dashi Channel before passing through the Xiaozhou Channel (between Henan island and Shigangzhou). The route then rejoins the Huangpu Channel and thereafter follows the same route the estaury as Profile 1.then to the Yuangangsha Channel (south of Shigangzhou). Measurement points along this section (from upstream to downstream) are: - Yagang - YinJingHai - DongLang - ChangZhou - Duntouji - Lianhuashan - Humen On the accompanying graphs illustrating the comparison between the simulated concentrations and the observations the former are represented as a continuous line whereas the latter are represented as symbols at discrete points along the profile. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE28 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 5-3: LONG PROFILES ALONG THE GUANGZHOU SECTION OF THE PRD 0 v6~Z e E. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE29 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT Of particular note with respect to the pollutant simulations is the variability of the pollutant concentrations with respect to time at any one particular point. This is primarily due to the variability of the hydraulic conditions in which flows move in a complex fashion in relation to the tidal regime. As an example the variation of ammonia levels for a number of points along Profile 1 are illustrated in Figure 5-4. FIGURE 5-4: INTRA DIURNAL VARIABILITY OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS 6 00 500 - - 4.00 -- ______-Y,ngJingHai Huangsha Liede 300 --_ _ [l - - -- _ _ _ -----Duntouji * - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lianh.ashan Z It A: b e- D E _Donglang All ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Changzhou 2001 48 00 72.00 96 00 120.00 14400 168.00 Hours Clearly the calibration of the pollution model is complicated by this variability. At present, there is little automatic water quality data available. It is understood that the "spot measurements" are themselves mean values of measurements taken on the ebb and the flood tide. These measurements have therefore been compared with mean pollutant values taken over a 4 day period of the water quality simulation. The comparisons have then be made with respect to the three long profiles described previously. Appendix C includes the results for the three profiles and the three parameters compared. Of particular note with regard to this calibration are the following points: * In broad terms the model replicates well the general trend of dissolved oxygen, ammonia and BOD as evidenced by the results in Appendix C. * In certain reaches of the Guangzhou section of the PRD, the transformation of ammonia to nitrite and subsequently nitrate (Nitrification) is inhibited by the lack of available oxygen. This has been replicated in the model by reducing the nitirification rates pro rata in relation dissolved oxygen levels when the latter levels are lower than 2 mg/I; * To simulate correctly oxygen levels a benthic demand (or "Sediment Oxygen Demand") has been applied. This replicates the impact of deposited organic matter on oxygen levels. In practice, the deposition of organic matter will tend to reduce the measured BOD levels in the river; no attempt has been made to represent this latter phenomenon. SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE30 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT The parameters used in the pollution model are summarised in the following table and compared with "standard" values commonly found in the literature. TABLE 5-4: MAJOR PARAMETERS USED IN POLLUTION MODEL Description Value used in model General Range in Literature Temperature 0C 20°C BOD Degradation Coefficient 0.4 0.08 to 0.5 (for rivers greater than (/day) 3m in depth) Ammonium oxidation coefficient 0.09 (0.28) (0.025 to 5.7) (/day) Value in brackets refers to oxygen consumption by transformation of ammonia to nitrite Reaeration Coefficient (/day) 1.0 Between 0.6 and 1.5 for rivers of this type Sediment Oxygen Demand 5 to 10 dependent on river reach 2 to 15 (Idaylm2 ) The following figures portray the variation of dissolved oxygen along the various reaches as simulated by the model. In regard to the pollutant behaviour itself a number of particular observations can be made: * The results of the modelling exercise demonstrate that the poor water quality at Yagang is primarily due to "upstream" sources of pollution and not due to "downstream" sources. Whether these are point sources (domestic, industrial) or non-point sources (agricultural pollution) has not been investigated and is out of the scope of this study. However, the results indicate that for water quality objectives to be attained in this section of the PRD, sources upstream or adjacent to the Guangzhou Main Urban Area should be controlled. * The modelling results indicate a number of dissolved oxygen "sag" (or oxygen deficit) curves distributed along the Guangzhou Section of the PRD in direct relation to the major sources of domestic and industrial wastewater. Of these sag curves all but one are confirmed by measurements. * The exception occurs between the measurement points of Lianhuashan and Humen in the lower reaches of the PRD near to the estuary where a major distributary of the Dongjiang discharges. It is not surprising that there is an oxygen deficit at this point; however, whether this is as pronounced as that predicted by the model would require further investigation. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE31 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 5-5: PROFILE 1: COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN CALIBRATION PROFIL 1 DO 6 00 5 00 2 3 00~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -- C MEAN 2 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MEASURES 2 0 0 I~~~~~~~1 41OCI 19,4su00ese -91 0 00 MODEL NODE FIGURE 5-6: PROFILE 2: COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN CALIBRATION PROFIL 2 02 1000 9.00 . . . A 8.00 -. _ _ 7.00 --- -- _.. z 6 00 ------0 5 00S . __ _ . _ _ 4 C MEAN| , -**~- MEASURES 0.0 200j 300 #9uW X \eS 9 R SA 9 "S S,ee;,Se MODEL NODE SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE32 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 5-7: PROFILE 3: COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS &MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN CALIBRATION PROFILE 3 DOX 1...... 000...... 9 00 800 . __ _ a 700 .. - 6 00. 5 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~---C MEAN 500_a > -A-MEASURES w 400 z o 3.00 ooo2 00 I 0* 0 00 < S 'V w SF'V 53S S@y pe 5 GS5 5 &555 MODEL NODE SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE33 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 6. POLLUTION SIMULATIONS 6.1. SCENARIOS TESTED To test the impact of the proposed project on the river water quality a number of separate scenarios have been tested. In general, two broad sets of scenario can be distinguished: * "Without Project" scenarios which serve to provide the baseline conditions against which the impact of the project can be guaged; * "With Project" scenarios which include specifically the assumed impact of the proposed project. These scenarios are generally not the same as "before" the project and "after" the project as often other conditions (such as background conditions and other inputs) may well change during the implementation of the project. A major difficulty with the current project is to define the "Without the Project" case. For the Liede IlIl and Dashadi catchments, this is clearly with and without collection and treatment for these catchments. However, for remaining subcatchments such as Datansha, Xilang, Lijiao and the Liede I and 11should the "Without Project" case include or exclude the extensions to the treatment plants (not financed by the World Bank). In this study, it has been assumed that the "Without Project" cases the networks to be financed by the World Bank will not have been constructed and that the capacity available at the WWTP not financed by the World Bank will not be utilised. Two time horizons have been taken in the study: * Year 2000: representing the "existing" conditions used primarily to calibrate the pollution model (see Chapter 5); * Year 2010: the major time horizon for comparing the effectiveness of the project; Summary descriptions of the simulations undertaken are summarised in the following table. TABLE 6-1: DESCRIPTION OF SIMULATIONS UNDERTAKEN AS PART OF THE OVERALL IMPACT STUDY FOR THE GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER COMPONENT Horizon Treatment Plants Pollution (Year) Connected/Level of Treatment Abatement (%) for BOD in Guangzhou Section Catch ments 1 Baseline 2010 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: A20 12% Liede Phases 1&2: AB & Unitank Industrial Zone: AS 2 With Project 2010 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: A20 74% Liede Phases 1,2&3: AB, Unitank SOGEA -______BYN- REPRTN°35573R3V5& _ A20 PAGE_34 SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN" 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE34 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT Industrial Zone: AS Xilang: A20 Lijiao: A20 Dashadi: A20 3 With Project 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: Operated 74% 201 0+simpler as AS wastewater treatment Liede Phases 1,2&3: Operated as processes AS Industrial Zone: AS Xilang: Operated as AS Lijiao: Operated as AS Dashadi: Operated as AS 4 With Project 2010 Dashadi Phases 1,2&3: A20 85% 201 0+connecting catchments from Liede Phases 1,2&3: AB, Unitank Foshan (Nanhai) & A20 Industrial Zone: AS Xilang: A20 Lijiao: A20 Dashadi: A20 5 With Project 2010 As per Simulation 4 89% 201 0+connecting catchments from Foshan (Nanhai) and Panyu 6 With Project 2010 As per Simulation 5 89% 201 0+connecting catchments from Foshan (Nanhai), Panyu and treatment of Foshan These simulations correspond broadly to the scenarios tested as part of the Evaluation of Strategic Options Report [Ref.124]. SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE35 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 6.2. COMPARISON OF BASELINE 2010 AND BASELINE 2000 SCENARIOS The 2010 baseline condition assumes that the existing treatment plants (Liede and Datansha) continue to operate but that no extensions have been made either in treatment facilities nor associated networks. Figures comparing the year 2000 and year 2010 baseline conditions are provided in Appendix D (Figures 1.1 to 1.7). The results of the simulations indicate that the ongoing Liede project leads to a slight improvement in water quality in the Front Section of the Guangzhou Section. There is nevertheless a deterioration further downstream as the city develops in this sector of the municipality. 6.3. COMPARISON OF PROJECT 2010 AND BASELINE SCENARIOS The figures in Appendix D (2.1 to 2.7) provide a comparison of the simulation results for the scenarios "With the Project" and those "Without the Project" for the Horizon 2010. For illustrative purposes the dissolved oxygen long-profiles for the Front Section (Profile 1) and the Back Section (Profile 3) are included below. It can be appreciated that the project improves dramatically the overall water quality of the Guangzhou Section of the PRD. For the so-called "Front Section" (largely Profile 1) of the river system both average dissolved oxygen and BOD values are generally sufficient to attain the Class IlIl (or in the case of BOD the Class II) standards. Ammonia values are nevertheless still in general in Class IV or even less than Class V in some sections. It can be noted that there remains a marked section of poor water quality downstream of the junction of this river system with the Dongjiang section. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE36 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 6-1: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE FRONT SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT TO BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX 7 00 6.00 5 00 Z 4.00 ___ _ .. n 2 - Baselie 200 I Basele 2010 -- F-PROJECT 2010 8 3.00 - .T..E< w z 0 2.00 1.00 0.00 g rrvzzrvrTnw --|T'T T7'' *~~~~~~~~ Uft 5 S N ,e,e0y2 MODEL NODE For the "Back Section" (Profiles 2 and 3), the improvement while marked do not generally enable water quality objectives to be attained. While there are marked improvements upstream of the Huangsha monitoring point (where water quality broadly attains the Class Ill standard, apart from ammonia), the water quality in the sections between Huangsha and Huangpuyou remains largely in the range Class IV-V. Close to Donglang there remains a marked oxygen deficit which would appear to be due to pollutant flows from the Beijiang Section (principally Foshan). SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE37 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 6-2: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX 1000 9.00 8 00 . X.. 700 ______.- __ _ . ... 6.00 . -BASELINE 2000 Q 500 - . X E z~~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~d PROJ ECT201 0 wU 4 00 ~______ . 3 00 2.00- 1.00 -' 000L 4 ', ql '9 1 5 4,41'1 64,4,4,4,4, MODEL NODE 6.4. IMPACT OF DIFFERENT TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES A comparison of the use of different treatment technologies has been undertaken for the "With Project" cases. Two different types of treatment were compared: * Treatment of both BOD and NH4 (as per the project) * Treatment of only BOD (as per a standard activated sludge process). Although a rather artificial exercise (as many of the existing plants already treat ammonia to a certain extent), the results as included in Appendix D (Figures 3.1 to 3.7) clearly indicate that a higher level of treatment is required given the current wastewater treatment discharge points. The comparison for the front and back sections on both dissolved oxygen and ammonia is provided below. The impact on the back section is clearly the most pronounced. SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE38 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 6-3: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE FRONT SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT TO BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX 7.00 6.00 __._:. 2 5.00 Z 4 00 - - Baseline 2000 F ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--w--BaseIine2o1o --&-PROJECT 2010 z 300 -I SIMPLER TREATMENT uJ z 0 8 2 00 1.00 0 00 ooo GV.~I .A N...... b...... MODEL NODE FIGURE 6-4: COMPARISON OF AMMONIA ALONG THE FRONT SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 Bo 00 ...... - ....-.. - - .. _ __ _------ 800 7600 - -- _ _ _ _ _.. Z _ -.. -BASELINE 2000 D 5 00 _ _ _ _ _ O 500 ... - BASELINE2010 --a-PROJECT 2010 zSR 400-R T N° 3 R V SIMPLER TREATMENT zu o 3.00 - 2.004 00 -i-- 100 __.- 0 00 MODEL NODE SOGREAH - BYN- REPO RT N' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE39 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 6-5: COMPARISON OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX 10 00 ...... ----- ...... __ ___ ..._ . __...... 9.00 8.00 -4 7 00 6o 00 ______- - ______- .. -BASELINE2000 5 500 '-'- BASELINE 2010 a* PROJECT 2010 4 300 ______C__ L0AS TREATMENT 0 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~-4,.- o 3.00-_ - 2.00 =_e _ 0 00 - i 'p ,;e,^, eZ;l Q°b A\ q§leb xD9R 'j, (b IX blb cNe (:eI,Fe MODEL NODE FIGURE 6-6: COMPARISON OF AMMONIA ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 10.00 900 800 - ______. _ . 2 7°°00 __ ._ 7600 X 8 00. -BASELINE 2000 ______* BASELINE 2 010 5 00 21 a PROJECT 2010 Z______4_00_AS TREAT ENT 0 230 .00GO@ > ;;______-______20 i______ 1 00 0.00 1' ' ' '' ' 'rDRV,<~~~~~b ,%VC5S*fi9R#d;9q6eA\e q,e° $b MODEL NODE SOGREAH -8YN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE40 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT 6.5. IMPACT OF INTER AND INTRA-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION The simulations analysed above demonstrate that the proposed project together with ongoing associated investments made by Guangzhou Municipality will have a marked impact on water quality in the Guangzhou Section of the PRD. However, the results of the simulations would indicate that the proposed water quality objectives could not be met without improving wastewater management both within other districts of Guangzhou and within other municipalities adjacent to Guangzhou (notably Foshan and Dongguan). To assess further these assertions a number of complementary scenarios have been investigated (Simulations 4, 5 and 6 of Table 6.1). The results of these simulations are summarised below. 6.5.1. INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION PROJECT I This scenario involves the connection of wastewater catchments within Foshan Municipality bordering with Guangzhou Municipality directly into the wastewater system of Guangzhou. It was previously indicated in the Strategic Options Report [Ref. 124] that undertaking such an approach provided significant economic benefits as compared to installing individual (small) treatment plants in the towns of Foshan bordering Guangzhou. The scenario tested assumed the connection of the wastewater systems of the following towns into the Guangzhou System: * Heshun * Lishui * Huangqi * Nanhai City Pingzhou was not included as it is understood that a wastewater treatment plant is currently under construction2 for this town. The results of the modelling study, indicate a significant improvement of the reaches of the Guangzhou Section upstream of Huangsha on the Guangzhou Section of the PRD. Dissolved oxygen levels rise by approximately 1 mg/l as compared to the With Project case, whereas BOD and ammonia values are significantly reduced. These parameters are now all within the Class IlIl water quality standard or better. Given that these particular reaches of the Guangzhou Section are a major water resource for Guangzhou (with two major potable water intakes sited here), their protection should be of paramount importance to Guangzhou. As illustrated in the following figure (Figure 6-7) this improvement in water quality is limited to the sections upstream of Huangsha; there is only a slight impact further downstream. 2 It has been subsequently learnt that this may not be the case and that there could be justification to connect Pingzhou to the wastewater systeme of Xilang SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE41 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 6-7: IMPACT OF INTEGRATING NEIGHBOURING TOWNS IN FOSHAN (NANHAI) INTO GUANGZHOU WASTEWATER SYSTEM: COMPARISON OF AMMONIA ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 10 00 ...... ------.-..-._ 900 , . . 800 . - . . 7.00-.0 _ . .. O . _-ASELINE -B6.00 2000 5.00 W , w-4- BASELINE 2010 - PROJECT 2010 Z w 4 00 M4I*PROJECT 1 z 0 300 2.00 1.00 , , ,, , k 000 pe< R; ep ;9, W\GE =Si MODEL NODE 6.5.2. INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION PROJECT 2 The second scenario3 analysed consisted of testing the impact of treating wastewater from Northern Panyu in a centralised facility in the north west regions of Panyu. This as indicated in Appendix D (Figures 5.1 to 5.7) has only a marginal impact on water quality on the Zhu Jiang. 6.5.3. INTER-MUNICIPAL COOPERATION PROJECT 3 The final scenario involved the impact of the treatment of wastewater in the catchments upstream of the Guangzhou Section, notably central Foshan. Although only preliminary, the results clearly indicate that without improved wastewater management within Foshan, water quality objectives of the Guangzhou Section of the PRD cannot be met. This is particularly the case for the "Back Section" as illustrated below in Figure 6-8. 3Although strictly speaking this is not an Inter-Municipal issue but an Intra-Muncipal Issue, Panyu is Still considered independently when dealing with wastewater management issues in Guangzhou inspite of the proximity of the northem areas to the old regions of Guangzhou. SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE42 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 6-8: IMPACT OF TREATING WASTEWATER INFOSHAN: COMPARISON OF BOD ALONG THE BACK SECTION OF THE ZHU JIANG: WITH PROJECT AND WITHOUT PROJECT 2010 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD 20.00 18.00 . ____. _____._ 16.00 _ ... O 14.00 , !_ __ _ z1200 i- t w g s _ _ -BASELINE 2000 0 z 0 200 - 'Rt -S MIf ECT--. 'f.O **~~~.L,....'. %V...*.''''''.'.: MODEL NODE 6.5.4. IMPACT ON POTABLE WATER INTAKES INTHE GUANGZHOU REGION The location of potable water intakes currently used by Guangzhou Water Supply Company for public water supply in Guangzhou is illustrated in Figure 6-9. As discussed above the project was proposed will reduce dramatically the pollution loads discharged upstream of the water intakes at Shimen, Xicun, Baihedong and Shixi. However, the water quality objectives for the associate reaches for these intakes would not be attained by these investments alone. To protect the water resources of the Shimeng and Xicun intakes (the Xi Hang Dao), complementary actions would be required to manage wastewater discharges from neighbouring communities in Foshan (Nanhai) and additionally to control upstream sources of pollution. To further protect water resources of the Baihedong and Shixi intakes (on the Hou Hang Dao), management of discharges from the neighbouring Beijoiang Section would also be required in the long term. Given that these intakes are downstream of the Datansha and Xilang WWTP outfalls, it may prove advisable in the future to relocate the water resource for the associated water treatment plants. SOGREAIH -BYN- REPORTN 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE43 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT FIGURE 6-9: LOCATION OF WATER INTAKES INAND AROUND GUANGZHOU Water Intakes Legend WalerintnkesN 01t53 6 9 12 :: Kiometers SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN' 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGE44 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT APPENDIX A - BIBLIOGRAPHY SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGEA GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS N° TITLE AUTHOR DATE 1 Pearl River Delta Regional Environmental Mott MacDonald April 2000 Management Project 2 Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Project CHREOD December 2001 Technical Assistance on Project Framework Development - Inception Report 3 Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Project CHREOD May 2002 Technical Assistance on Project Framework Development - Situational Analysis Report 4 Proposal for Sewage Treatment System in Guangzhou Municipal February 2002 Guangzhou City (original in Chinese) Engineering Design and Research Institute 5 Assessment of Alternative Wastewater Y.X. 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September 2002 Strategic Options Report 23 The Tenth Fiver Year Plan of Economics and Approved by the forth Meeting March 2001 Social Development of Shunde (In Chinese) of the twelfth People Delegation Conference of Shunde 24 Study of Sustainable Development of Geological and Environmental April 2002 Infrastructure in Urban Area of Shunde (In Technology Application and Chinese) Research Centre of Zhongshan University 25 Study of Environmental Protection and Geological and Environmental April 2002 Sustainable Development in Urban Area of Technology Application and Shunde (In Chinese) Research Centre of Zhongshan University 26 Combination of Strategic Plans of Guangdong Provincial Sept. 2002 Environmental Protection in Guangdong Environmental Protection Province (In Chinese) Bureau 27 Guangdong Province City and Town System Guangdong Province May 2002 Plan - Outline of Major Report 2001-2020 (In Construction Commission Chinese) 28 China - Guangdong Pearl River Delta Urban The World Bank October 2002 Environment Project, Aide Memoire No. 4, Draft 29 Proposal for New Liede Sewage System of Guangzhou Municipal Nov. 2002 Guangzhou (Part A) (In Chinese) Engineering Design & Research Institute 30 Proposal for New Dashadi Sewage System of Guangzhou Municipal Nov. 2002 Guangzhou (Part A) (In Chinese) Engineering Design & Research Institute 31 Proposal for Completing Four Sewage Guangzhou Municipal Nov. 2002 Collection Systems in Guangzhou City (Part A) Engineering Design & (In Chinese) Research Institute 32 The city planning of Zengcheng Guangdong (In Zengcheng Municipal Planning 1994 Chinese) Bureau & Zengcheng People's Government 33 Investment Estimation of Taiping WWTP at N/A N/A Conghua (In Chinese) SOGREAH -BYN -REPORTN° 355073 2003- NOVEMBER GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS No TITLE AUTHOR DATE 34 Proposal for WWVTP Project in Conghua (In N/A N/A Chinese) 35 Proposal for WvTP Extension in Conghua (In N/A N/A Chinese) 36 Investment Estimation of Hot Spring W\-TP in N/A N/A Conghua (In Chinese) 37 Master Plan for Urban Development of Conghua Guangzhou Urban Planning 1998 (In Chinese) and Survey Research Institute 38 The Comprehensive Plan of Taiping Guangzhou Urban Planning Nov. 2000 Town.Guangzhou (In Chinese) and Survey Research Institute 39 The 10 th 5 Year Plan for Economics and Social Conghua Municipal May 2001 Development of Conghua and Strategic plan Government after 2010 (In Chinese) 40 Environmental Protection Plan in Conghua Conghua Municipal Oct.1996 (1997 - 2010) Government 41 Map for Water Discharge Network in Zengcheng N/A N/A (In Chinese) 42 Sustainable Development Study of Zengcheng Geology and Environmental Nov.2001 Urban Area (in Chinese) Techn. 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Summary Final Report 52 Development of a regional transport Becky P.Y.Loo (1999)43 -63 infrastructure: Some lessons from the Zhujiang Delta, Guangdong, China 53 Guide Price of synthetical cost for construction Construction Committee of GZ August, 2001 engineering of year 2001 in GZ (Proposal) 54 Additional synthetical Quota of main project in Construction Committee of GZ June, 2002 GZ SOGREAH -BYN -REPORTN° 355073 2003 - NOVEMBER GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT. DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS N° TITLE AUTHOR DATE 55 Price rules and List of tendering & bidding Construction Committee of GZ August, 2001 engineering quantity for construction of year 2001 in GZ (Proposal) 56 Technical & Economical index for construction Administrative Station of July 2001 engineering in GZ construction engineering pricing of Guangzhou 57 GuangDong / Pearl River Delta Urban Qian-ming Lu January 2003 Environment Project - Water quality Modelling and Strategic Analysis of the Pearl River - Claus Bjorn Pedersen Interim Report Mads Madsen 58 Circular Recommendations Commercialize SDPC, MOC, SEPA Oct. 2002 Urban Wastewater and Garbage Treatment 59 Circular on Printing and Distributing City Dirty MOC, SEPA, MOST May 2000 Water Treatment and Pollution Prevention and Treatment Policy 60 Sediments Monitoring Data of Pearl River Provided by GZ EPB January 2003 Guangzhou Section 61 Water Law of P.R.C. Xinhua News Agency August 29, 2002 62 Overview of HuaDu / Existing Wastewater Provided by HuaDu Piping Network / Planning Design of new plant / Wastewater Treatment planning / Water quality 63 Design Report or XiLang & FanChun GD Construction Design August 2002 Institute & Municipal Engineering Design 64 Synthetical proposal of sludge treatment of GZ Municipal Engineering June 2002 Guangzhou Wastewater Treatment Plant Design 65 Investment estimation & benefit analyse (3rd South west Design Institute / June 2002 book) about Feasibility Study for system GZ Municipal Design Institute engineering of LiJiao Wastewater treatment system (Modified version) 66 EIA for DaTanSha /Liede/ 4 Networks GRIEP November 2002 67 Masterplan for Sewage Treatment in the Guangzhou Municipal & 1988 Guangzhou Urban Area Gardens Bureau/SMEDI 68 Guidelines for Air Quality World health Organization 69 Guangzhou Urban Transport Study URCC, GZ March 1995 70 Urban Air Quality Management Strategy inAsia Jitendra J. 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Sadoff June 1996 Sebou Basin 78 Handbook on economic Analysis of Investment Pedro Belli May 1996 Operations 79 Model Specification for tunnelling Thomas Telford 1997 80 Private Participation in infrastructure in China IFC October 2001 81 Technical Guidance manual for Developing United State EPA March 1997 Total maximum Daily Loads 82 La Seine et son basin: de la Recherche a la E. Fustec et G. De Marsily Avril 1993 Gestion 83 Feasibility study of Datansha WWTP extension SMEDI, Guangdong June 2002 (phase ll) Construction Design & Research Ins., CST engineering 84 Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal, Metcaff & Eddy 1991 Reuse, 3rd Edition 85 Industrial Water Pollution Control, 3d Edition W.Wesley Eckenfelder, Jr. July, 2001 86 New Wastewater Treatment Technology: Sun Liping, etc. 2001 samples for calculation and design (In Chinese) 87 Engineering Appraisal (in Chinese) Liu Zhongyin August 2002 88 Engineering Project Management, 2nd Edition N.J. Smith 2002 89 Water treatment handbook, sixth edition Degremont 1991 90 91 Control standards for pollutants in sludge from agricultural use, P.R. China, GB 4284 - 84 92 Feasibility study of Lijiao sewage system, Southwest china Municipal July, 2002 Guangzhou engineering design & Research institute, etc. 93 Feasibility study of Liede sewage system phase Guangzhou Municipal Feb. 2001 11 engineering design & research institute, etc. 94 2002 Colloque Franco-Chinese sur la protection Shanghai - Suzhou 06-09 Nov. 2002 utilisation durable de la resources en eau 95 GD Pearl River Delta Urban Environment Sogreah Oct. 2002 Project - Design Review & Advisory Services - Inception Report 96 Mathematical Problems in Environmental Alexandre Ern / Liu Weiping July 2002 Science and Engineering 97 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Eric Guibelin - OTV Feb. 2003 SOGREAH -BYN -REPORTN' 355073 2003 - NOVEMBER GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS N° TITLE AUTHOR DATE 98 Introduction to Urban Geological Investigation In Duan Weiwu, Guangzhou 2002 Coastal Area of East China Marine Geological Survey, MGMR 99 Bridging the Water Divide SUEZ 2003 100 Country Report of the P.R.C. Chinese Ministry of Water March 2003 Resources 101 Report of the World Panel on Financing Water Report written by James March 2003 Infrastructure Winpenny 102 Disbursement Handbook World Bank, Washington, D.C. 2001 103 Guide to the Design of Combined sewer FR 0488 Nov.1994 overflow structures 104 Situatiion du recyclage agricole des boues ADEME d'epuration urbaines en Europe 105 Les coOts de traitement et de recycllage ADEME et CEMAGREF agricole des boues d'epuration urbaines 106 GD - Solid Waste management Sector CPG March 2003 Assessment Final Report - Volume 1 107 Appendix B - Existing Conditions & Inventory CPG March 2003 Report 108 GDPRD - Solid Waste Management Sector CPG March 2003 Assessment Final Report - Volume 2 - Municipal Solid Waste 109 GDPRD - Solid Waste Management Sector CPG March 2003 Assessment Final Report - Volume 3 - Industrial Solid Waste & Hazardous Waste Treatment Center 110 Summary Report of EIA & EAP for GD Scientific Research Institute of May, 2002 Component of Inland Waterway Fourth Project the Pearl River Water Resource Protection 111 The third period engineering of GZ LieDe GMG / GZ Municipal April 2002 Wastewater Treatment System Engineering Design Institute 112 Bidding Doc - Economic bidding - Construction GD water & electricity No2 Feb. 2003 of Pipeline Installation for LieDe (2 phase) Co.Ltd. WWTP 113 Private Participation in infrastructure in China The World Bank December 2002 114 Analysis of the Cost Difference of Bank-Loaned The World Bank July 2002 Urban Projects in China 115 Special Plan for Master Plan of GZ City (1991 - July 1994 2010) 116 Air Pollution Control in Hongkong - Seminar The HK Polytechnic 28 th may 2002 Proceedings University, Department of Mechanical Engineering 117 MWH - CUEP REVIEWED BY: JOHN AUT.2002 BLOCK SOGREAH -BYN -REPORTN° 355073 2003- NOVEMBER GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT - DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES OVERALL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR WASTEWATER COMPONENTS No TITLE AUTHOR DATE 118 EIA about GZ Dashadi / Liede Wastewater GRIEP Nov. 2002 Treatment System (Phase I) & Network system Engineering of 4 wastewater treatment sections 119 Feasibility Study Report for GZ HSWT Center in GZ IECC & GRIEP April 2002 Guangzhou 120 EIA Report (Draft ) for HSWT Centre in GZ GRIEP Oct. 2002 121 EIA Report for GZ Liede WVTS (Phase I) GRIEP Nov. 2002 122 EIA Report for GZ Dashadi WVVTS (Phase I GRIEP Dec. 2002 200,000 ton / day) 123 EIA report for the network system of 4 WV GRIEP Dec. 2002 sections 124 Evaluation of Environmental Strategic Options SOGREAH March 2003 125 Network Completion of Guangzhou, FS Report GZ Design Institute July 2003 126 GZ LieDe WT System Phase III / FS Report GZ Design institue July 2003 127 GZ Dashadi WT System / FS Report GZ Design Institue July 2003 128 GD DRA - Institutional Reform Report SOGREAH August 2003 129 Work List for Interception of DongLang Creek GZ Municipal Engineering April 2003 Group Company 130 Geotechnical Investigation Report - selection of GD Design Institute of Heavy Sept. 2003 site for GZ Hazardous Solid Waste Treatment Industry & Architecture (with CD ) SOGREAH -BYN -REPORTN° 355073 2003- NOVEMBER GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT APPENDIX B - MODEL CONFIGURATION & POLLUTANT LOADING CALCULATIONS SOGREAH - BYN- REPORTN 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGEB *U -. 0' 4 ;i Q r ^., _t-;}, -S ~~~~~~ J^5* Z * . fK r -. l \~K i ~ ~~~~~~.w w. s C t ., 64\ \ r; : 'r _ K ., . * A. .; z4 awr a ¢ :- ?'.. .. ,rrt --_ 1-A. -. 4' - t - U th, ws S ~~ 9 ~ ~ f .7. t: , ;^k w.t^~~~i \ t-e._ ' ~VI- 4i' s rtS PEOLE'RPUBICOF HIA GUNDN RUBNEVRNMNPRJCNo20 THEWORLD BANK~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~3 OVRL WSEATRE , -O TPOLGY F RIGNALGUAGZOU ECTON ODL FGUR N°1. SOGREAH4~ 01~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOV 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA CATCHMENT SUB-DIVISION FOR LOAD CALCULATIONS FIGURE NO 1.2 SOGREAH L*4)~ PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT Nov 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA CATCHMENTS & EXISTING URBAN AREA (FROM SPOT V FIGURE No 1.3 SOGREAH SATELLITE IMAGE) GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT APPENDIX C - CALIBRATION OF HYDRAULIC & POLLUTION MODEL SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGEC 1- 1;~~~~~4 ..- 7 - *,>~ ~ ~~~~~~~~ -r - a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~a .... .~~ ~ PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOV 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA _ ~~~~~~~~~DEFINITION OF MODEL & LONG PROFILES FIGURE NO 1.1 -SOGREAH rn I A~~~~~~ - ' 3 cm:~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~: THE WORLD~~~~~~~~~~~ OVRAlBAN WATWAE EA - ~~~~~~~~~MONITORING LOCATIONS FIGURE NO 1.2 SOGREAH Yagang -Y (S207) 2 ° L: e ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~'CARIMA n A X ---- Observations ...... ,...... I...... Hours FIGURE 2. 1: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED &SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT YAGANG Yagang -Q (S207) ioo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~f\1~~~~~~~Oseain -15>0 0 E__ X _ 6i; 0___ ---1000-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.---I - Hours FIGURE 2.2: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT YAGANG THEWORLDBA1K | OVERALLIWASTEWATERIEA KETHSOGRLDEANKOEAHWATWTREPLE'SOGREPUELICNAH GUA DONG PRHYDRAULIC CALIBRATION Huangsha -Y (S232) -2 - - ...... 0 j 20 ~~ 6~~0 0 u CARIMA Hours FIGURE 2. 3: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HUANGSHA Huangsha -Q (S232) -2.~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~[' et d ; : V W S =Ob.eu.t on.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Osrain -- -1-000- I-ca ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . Hours FIGURE 2. 4: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED &SIMULATED FLOWS AT HUANGSHA POPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT Nov 2003 KE THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA e Li 47SOGREAH |HYDRAULIC CALIBRATION Yuancun -Y (S275) ...... - -- ...... -.---.--...... ---....--.-.--- E p ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-C-A-RIM-A I'< fl n i (rObserationsAI \ ---5 Hours FIGURE 2. 5: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT YUANCUN Yuancun -Q (S275) 2000 1500 -Ij E | j II8 "V'"''$0 IM0'' ' ._J(Iti~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ } Oberaton Hours FIGURE2 6: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT YUANCUN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT Nov 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA SOGREAH HYDRAULIC CALIBRATION | ~~~~NOllV8SIlVO olnn"AH | ; jM0S V3 N31VM3iSVM IIV?d3AO ANV9 O1dOM 3H I COOZ AON i03r~oNd INJVINO?IAN3 Nvaefn aNd ONOOONvnlo VNIH3O 3onendd~ S,3ldOgd onz nd ONvnH iV SMOlJ a3ivinNis s O3A'd3SSO JO NOSIRVdIJO3: 9 Z38n9si fnOH ...... -.- T M g...... /) i~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ I~~~E '~~~~~~~~~~~P t (LSIS) O -onznd6uenH onz nd ONvnH iV SHld3G MOIJ 03IVilvn sI 0 3A3SBa O SO NOSINVdLWO3: L Z 3dmlIJ SJnOH .,,___...... (...... L ...... -.------.. -l. e- .------ Ug5 S) A -onznd6uen H Haixinsha -Y (S176) 05~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Hours 5000~~~~~~~~~~P -_ARIM FIGURE 2.9:COMPARISON OF OBSERVED &SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT HAIXINSHA a~ 20 W , 14 S.Obseiatons 10 -- Haixinsha -Q (S176) -1500J\I< (t -- 1' 20000 0~ ~~~~. 8 1 120 1 l00 1 0 _____ ---5~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--Osrain 215000 ,30000 Hours FIGURE 2. 10: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT HAIXINSHA PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT Nov 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA [ISOGREAH REA... HYDRAULIC CALIBRATION Dahu -Y (S330) IE |. I -CARIMA rsi -lo ,,, . a ,, *tl ,:,/,, 1;:, i.1 -.-, a It, 180 - Observations Hours FIGURE 2. 11 COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOW DEPTHS AT DAHU Dahu -Q (S330) 3 0 0 0 0 -______- -______ -. GGGO / -2 000 i-rCARIMA -10000 jJ __ II I Obserations V~~~~~ .__._' FIGURE 2.12: COMPARISON OF OBSERVED & SIMULATED FLOWS AT DAHU PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT Nov 2003 KEWORLDTHE BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA HYDRAULIC CALIBRATION LIISOGREAHG..A_... CALIBRATION PROFIL I DO FIGURE 3.1 COMPARISON 606 OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN 0 D 3 00 ~~~~~~~~~~~--C MEAN MEASURES 2400 . 4' A ' _ so CP pC g, 1,4 ,4 MODELNODE CALIBRATION PROFIL 2 BOD FIGURE 3.2 COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR BOD 1i wF-- c MEAN MEASURES 0 6OO0a-- 1 .0 | MODELN DE CALIBRATION PROFILE 1 NH4 FIGURE 3.3 COMPARISON 2000 ...... OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR NH4 1800 _ _ 1600 14W _ __.______. __ ! 1200 1000 --- - C MEAN )600- 640 -- __- -- - 206 0006 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 MODELN.DE PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA O-SOGREAHPOLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE 1 SOGREAH CALIBRATION PROFIL 2 02 FIGURE 3.4 COMPARISON 10D0 OBSERVATIONS &MODEL FOR 9D0 DISSOLVED OXYGEN 800 <7 6700 00 20 U3 X K ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L-MEASURES oo 1 00 S 00 MODELNODE CALIBRATION PROFILE 2 BOD FIGURE 3.5 COMPARISON OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR BOD 14oo Z 1200100 T -MEAN' MEASURES 000 CALIBTON POFILE 2 NH4 FIGURE 3.6 COMPARISON 2000 OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR NH4 7 14 00 100 12 00 10 00 F-~~~~~~~~~~~~~C MEA7N I MEASURES ° 600 ooo PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE 2 SOGREAH CALIBRATION PROFILE 3 DOX FIGURE 3.7 COMPARISON -. O. OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR 900 . . . . . _DISSOLVED OXYGEN 800 :7 7 °° -600 0 5m F|-- C MEAN| 5CC -2-MEASURES 400 B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~FGR3.8COP--SO .w MODELNODE~ ~ ~ OSEVTOS&OELORO 200 - ,------B A N M L O 2 D 16 0 - A I, ooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~s z 10 nOa 4 ~ - - MODELNODE E now 1 {l ; . 7 .. t~~~~~~~~~-m-E-AsuREs- 08x~~~~~~~'Ji 20 __0 ro ------OBSERVATIONS & MODEL FOR BOO1 CALIBRATION PROFILE 3 NH4 FIGURE 3.9: COMPARISON 20 oo - --.------C . EA ,16 o X 1400 .. 2 000 . ----- z- OBEVTIN MDLFO H z12 00 . 1800-,_ roCo . ______...... _,_- _ tMEASUE 002 MODELNODE o I 0 NCN N W 6, w = EOwUEIO E_WC-LIBRATIO - LON PROFILE m U V NVSNV VJUJVJa 1V08r.WN 8'021 _ _ - _ _ 00 N N N C U SOGREAH~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~EAUE MODELNODE THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EANOEBR20 -ORA POLLUTION CALIBRATION - LONG PROFILE a3 GUANGDONG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT- THE WORLD BANK GUANGDONG PEARL RIVER DELTA URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT DESIGN REVIEW AND ADVISORY SERVICES R3V5: GUANGZHOU SECTION WATER QUALITY MODELLING REPORT APPENDIX D- MODEL RESULTS FOR FUTURE SCENARIOS - DRY WEATHER SIMULATIONS SOGREAH -BYN- REPORTN° 355073 R3 V5 OCTOBER2003 PAGED COMPARISON BASELINE 2000 TO 2010 DOX FIGURE 1.1 COMPARISON BASELINE 6 00 CONDITIONS 2000 &2010 FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN 5 00 - 400 0 6.. -6a~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~eI,,1e~~~~~~~~B.2000 < 3 00 2 -2-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~B.as1,n- 2010 o 2 00 /~/;20 100 - -- -o 40 0 MODELNODE COMPARISON BASELINE 2000 TO 2010 BOD FIGURE 1.2 COMPARISON BASELINE 2000------CONDITIONS 2000 & 201 OFOR BOD 1600 1400 120..0-I: 3SEIE20 5 Go . -BASELNEB..... 200 0 6 00 042W 00 - _.,.,- MODELNODE COMPARISON BASELINE 2000 TO 2010 NH4 FIGURE 1.3 COMPARISON BASELINE =w ...... C ND TIN.2 00..01OFR.H 00 CONDITIONS 2000 & 2010FOR NH4 7 00 o O 6500 6 D 0 S, i-BASELINE2000 4 00 , 1 1 _ .. .11-2- BASELINE2010 E 4 00 -- - - O 3 00 - - -- _ _ _ _ _ 200 100 ------'K.. 4 MODELNODE PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION BASELINE CONDITIONS -GLONG PROFILE SOGREAH COMPARISON BASELINE 2000 TO 2010 DOX FIGURE 1.4 COMPARISON BASELINE 1000 - 1 CONDITIONS 2000 &2010 FOR 9 DO DISSOLVED OXYGEN 8 00 7 706 0 |- AS ELINE 20001 5 00 I BASELINE20101 . Io ',, f . - 06 ,e4 'C' v41 cpl '" 1 00 ...,,,,'' '",a MODELNODE COMPARISON BASELINE 2000 TO 2010 BOD FIGURE 1.5 COMPARISON BASELINE 20 00 CONDITIONS 2000 &201 OFOR BOD 18X -o - … 16800 L, ' 1400 - - -' -2 ;0- 10 00 - B-ASELINE2000 D; 10X _..[ ~ ''^ ',; | | -e BASELINE22010 8 00 - ' _ \ j^. 6Xm: ;1 4 E) S-' x 4 600 - - _ _ _ _ 4200 0 - ______ 0 00 6X~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~6 66 ~00 FIGURE 1.6 COMPARISON BASELINE lOw CONDITIONS 2000 & 2010FOR NI-4 z 6 X W 0 S, _1 mL NMODLENOD 5 00 T2210NH BASEOMARIONBAELNE200 800._ ____ \__ , T1 - - 60 ' _ __ _ . 0 6) 1- - 000 41~~~~~~~~~~~) MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA _OGREAH POLLUTION SIMULATION BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG PROFILE 2 SO0GREAH COMPARISONBASELINE 2000TO 2010DOX FIGURE 1.7 COMPARISON BASELINE 1000 ------CONDITIONS 2000 & 2010 FOR 900 - DISSOLVED OXYGEN 800 7 00 6 00 . _- - -. __._ 0fi S 00 - . |-BASELINE 2000 0 00 I-BASELINE 2010 3 40_ 0 3 00 MODELNODE COMPARISONBASELINE 2000 TO 2010BOD FIGURE 1.8 COMPARISON BASELINE 2000….-...... - CONDITIONS 2000 &2010FOR BOD I18000 ~- 1000 COMPARISON BASELINE 2000 TO 2010 NH4 FIGURE 1.9: COMPARISON BASELINE l ow ------...... - ....-. _- -- C N I I NS 20__01O O 200' 8I00-- 2 70 = 600 i 1 F 500 LfF r-S # A . I_6~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A=SELINE20100 400-o00 MODELNODE ------E A 01 .00..,... PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMB3ER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALLWASTEI 1 C ASE -0-POLLUTION SIMULATION BASELINE CONDITIONSC-LONG PROFILE 3 "SOGREAH COMPARISONPROJECT TO BASELINESCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 2.1 COMPARISON PROJECT 7W ...... & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 6 7 DISSOLVED OXYGEN 0 1 00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~asls20 3 2 W0 -- PROJECT2010 10 ---- - 2000 0 00~~~~~~~~O MODELNODE COMPARISONPROPOSED PROJECT AND BASELINESCENARIOS FIGURE 2.2 COMPARISON PROJECT 20W0------.-- --.. &BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR ______.___ _ _ . BOD 1600 n C- 1400 1-- '1 - ______ 1200 -- 1 -BASEL NE2000 1000 - - -_ ----_ -r BASELINE2010 9 - B Wonoo ~ - X-a- PROJECT2010 U 4W 0 6 W _ - f . 0 00 MODELNODE COMPARISONPROJECT AND BASELINESCENARIOS FIGURE 2.3 COMPARISON PROJECT 9OW0 .s...... & BASELINE CONDITIONs 2010 FOR 800 NI14 7 00 COMPARISON PROJECT AN--BASBELNEL 2E0 BALSELICNTE2 B010T 1 4ili _0_W ~.. -PROJECT_ 2010 0 3W -' 4' 4 4 1 00 _._ _ 206 MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA -;.POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG SOGREAH PROFILE 1 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 2.4 COMPARISON PROJECT '°°°1low~~~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ...... -- ~~------& BASELINECONDITIONS 2010 FOR 900 qDISSOLVED OXYGEN a 7°° -BASELINE 20 R "BSE~NE21 ooo~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~' 000 FIGURE 2.5 COMPARISON PROJECT 20W00- &BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010FOR 1600 - ~-. ~ - ~ BOO 200 O 1200 I l S S H I_~~~~~~~~~~~~~BASELINE2000| < 1000 I2 \1 B=PROESTE2010 600 200fV ~ S'=L ooo MODELNODE 500 . _lBBASELINTE 201O 300 B COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 1~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. DO. 6-22 FIGURE 2.6 COMPARISON PROJECT 1000 & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR IDO 900 -NH4 J200 G 8 -0_BASELINE 2000 < 50 . ~ - ^PROJECT 2010 3 400 4 00 ....~ ~~ ~ MODEL~ NODE ~ ~ .. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ,.E PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF C°HINA GUANGDONG PRD URBANENVIRONMENT FPROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA _____ low .POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS- LONG SOGREAH PROFILE 2 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 2.7 COMPARISON BASELINE n000...... CO D TI N 2000...... 1000 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~CONDITIONS2000 &2010 FOR 900 -DISSOLVED OXYGEN 800 7200 600 MODOL-ASELNE 2000 500PARISON PROJECT AND BASELINED-BASELINE2010 --PROJECT2010 3100 ,. - 0 00 18M ._ ,|BO COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOO 6W20 ----I -- 21i V FIGURE 2.8 COMPARISON PROJECT 20002 DO 1 W. .. _.& BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 800OW ___ .__N4BOO 16 00 W __,, .. :T 1400 O -2ASELINE 2000 1000 I2--- DAOELIN-E 2O1 MODELNODE 800 -N--~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PRO,ET 201 2 Bu 0 600 200 --- - 2 00~~~~~~~~0 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NI-4 FIGURE 2.9: COMPARISON PROJECT 8 00 a70 -0 (O S DXIO88Q 8660WX n0V 2 600 2 p -BASFLINE2000 1-. BA-SELINE2010 SOGRHPROJECT 2010 0 00 . .6 01 ~ 0 POLLUTION~~~~~~~~~~BAEIEORDTON-LN BASELINEOCONDITION 201 MODELNODE PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD) BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA -- ~~~~POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG SOGREAH PROFILE 3 COMPARISONPROJECT TO BASELINESCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 3.1 COMPARISON PROJECT 7 00 & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 6 00 .. ._....___ .. DISSOLVED OXYGEN 5005 O 4 °°0 S0m 2000 40______-- a A n 20 10 -.-- PROJECT2010 Z 3 00 - _ . .' \ SIMPLERTREATMENT o /.. Q1 2 00 - . U0 000 MODELNRODE COMPARISONPROPOSED PROJECT AND BASELINESCENARIOS FIGURE 3.2 COMPARISON PROJECT 20 00 .____...... _____._....__._.& BASELINE CONDITIONS.______2010... FOR 1800 BOD 1600 --- ~ n - a 1400-- l I EAS2 o t000g _ _ ,A - ---- PROJECT2010 8800 - =ASTREATMENT ° 600 _ _ _ - - 400 _ - _ * 1 .. i,, ... , .: . 000 MODELNODE COMPARISONPROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 3.3 COMPARISON PROJECT 9000...... --- & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 8 00 NH4 70 0 500 P ] RASELINE2000 I _-B t -*-- EASELINE2010 -______-2-PROJECT 2010 2 j ASTREATMENT- - ...... A 300 _ . --- . h 1300 000 MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, AS TREATMENT & BASELINE "SOGREAHSOGREA CONDITIONS- LONG PROFILE 1 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 3.4 COMPARISON PROJECT 1000 ...... -. & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 9 00 [ _DISSOLVED OXYGEN 800 - _ T 700 _0. __ 6 00 - . -BASELINE2000Bwv...- 50 .,oo .v . . -*PROJECT2010 400 AS TREATMENT 3-8 000 ' MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD FIGURE 3.5 COMPARISON PROJECT 20 00 &BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 1800 - BOD 1600 - __._-_____._ T 1400 1200 ------_ BASEINE2000 II 0BASELINE 2010 R1000 j _, -._ PROJECT2010 8 t t I - t-t ^ QI800 ----- [ AS TREATMENT O 6 00 I ~~~~~~~v44 T'V4 o Cw 14 1J 41L O 14 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 3.6 COMPARISON PROJECT 4000 u + {to ~~00~~~~~~~~~~ ' P - =0 _ AS TREATMgNT' BASELINE 10 00 _H & CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 8 00- 7 00 z 60._ -BASELINE 2000 00 _ASELINE2010 B 2 00 -. oo0o... .. MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER2003 THE WORLDB1ANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, AS TREATMENT &BASELINE SOGREAH CONDITIONS1-LONG PROFILE 2 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 3.7 COMPARISON PROJECT 1000 & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 9 00 . DISSOLVED OXYGEN 800 2 700 6 00 ._ F -BASELINE 2000 5 00 ______-: 0 -*BASELINTE201O1._-- 400 , AS TREATMENT \C, ft . _, O 0 - . . ,,,. . .. MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD FIGURE 3.8 COMPARISON PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 1F 00 __ _OD B-'- 1600 II - _ _- t - 2 14 00 --- -- °l l 0j < (L -BASE-LINE2 -kBASELINE2010 ° -600 ---- - * | | ' | _ __ AETREATMENT| 4 00 %-|''t1 4 00 - . " __ 2005 0 00 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 3.9: COMPARISON PROJECT 100 0 ...... 10I-& BASELINECONDITIONS 2010 FOR 900 ______- ----! NH4 = 00 - __ . - 700 Z BOO- -- =BASELINE______-- 2010 uS3O00St hgt- > L AS TREATMENT o 300 A-T.R ENT 000 V7 NNV7 V7 N N N7 V7N7 NV7V78… 2 $ -j _ MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, AS TREATMENT & BASELINE SOGREAH CONDITIONS - LONG PROFILE 3 COMPARISON PROJECT TO BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 4.1 COMPARISON 700 INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 1 (NANHAI 6 00 ---- ,.,-----._, ,,, '& GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & , ,,.,.,.!:"t"- Mi S .L BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 500 . .- r DISSOLVED OXYGEN O 4400 . -Baselne2000 - 300-t xf -PROJECT2010 z 3200 IMI---l PROJECT o cne 8 0 o 2 00D0 ... f-2 000 4' 4' b'4A'<' 4' ''4'4 4 ' P P 'V 0P ~,P P P c, c, q' 4'4 ' '4 4 ' '4 4' MODELNODE COMPARISON PROPOSED PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS FIGURE 4.2 COMPARISON 20200 - ., .,INTERMUNICIPAL ______._,______INIATIVE 1 (NANHAI ...... 18_ 00 _ . ._ . . & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 16 -:00 ', r - /0 ------BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 14002 -t-- 1 i BODS 2 - BASELINE2000 0p --2--BASELIN~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~E2010 1000 i V E -PROJECT2010 2D w b . 4_irL -l -, IMI PROJECT 1 0 4000 2 ------___--,i ' 4 ' ' 4' #tc"4' 4'½t4co4'Y04'%#,"4't#iPN4' > '~~$#~ MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 4. COMPARISON 900 .. . - .. !.. INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 1(NANHAI 800 _ &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 700 / BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR NH4 O S500 _ --- _ _, _ -BASELINE2000 a .. LL_ >,. i ^~~~~~~~~~~~-PROJSCT2O1O f ~ ~ ..- . IMI PROJECTi1 Ou 3 00< 200:E * %, . 4 ,bpo o oP 4 ' '4 ' 4'44 c, c," 1"o dc' 4 ' '4 "4 'p "4 MODELNODE PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRO URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT SOGREAH I & BASELINE CONDITIONS- LONG PROFILE 1 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 4.4 COMPARISON 1000 . . INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 1(NANHAI 900 & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 8 001 BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 7 00- DISSOLVED OXYGEN 6O 0 -BASELINE 2000 jE5 00 '_ j 1T 400 , PECT ; . --AmF', ," MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD FIGURE 4.5 COMPARISON 2000- INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 1 (NANHAI 1300- .,~" -- -- & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 160oo- *_' BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR o 14 00 BOD a 2l . -BASELINE 2000 z |IMI_ - \ . ,A _*- PROJECT201 ° 600 - - 2 00 i .- . _ - , '_' 000<1., :i_~AK 9...... I 0~~~~~ MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 4.6 COMPARISON 1000 INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 1 (NANHAI 9 O_ &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 8 00 BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 2 700 -_ NH4 z 600 ._-______- -- 6 0 -BASELINE 2-00 F~ o~1 ---- BASELINE2010 9 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--PBOJECT 2010 6 2 - - - -% - - - 8 ,~ |-'- _ -- IMIPROJECT1 2 00 4 - _ -- --- 100 ______.p,. ...t....s.Q..t. !tC4 4p5@@W5 5XX @5 5%Z9555pt&5e5q5o55 MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA "N. .?POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT SOGREAH 1& BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG PROFILE 2 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 4.7 COMPARISON 1000 INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 1 (NANHAI 9 &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 800W BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR a 7 001 DISSOLVED OXYGEN -EASELINE 2000 5 00 - .~ < -N ASELINE201 400 o o ______P_ ---PROJECT2010 MI PROJECT1 0 300. OW1 .75 I ' 0A 0' ~~~~~4V'' p" ' c , MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD FIGURE 4. COMPARISON -.. m INTERMUNICIPAL...... INIATIVE 1 (NANHAI 1800 _, _ _ . I __ _ &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 1600 BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR : 1400 . RODB. Z - \ , <_ _ > .._-~~~~~~~~~~~~~- BASELINE2W000 -6_-PROJECT2010 2 j m ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~MIPROJECTI 2 4~~~~~~~~v T4 T 0d 4141 2 ° - 2700 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 4.9: COMPARISON 1OO0...... INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 1 (NANHAI 900 &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 8 ootV)8 Q . . : .; s .., <, _ ,_ , 1 1, MODELNODE , ~~~~~~~~~~~~IMIPROJC 000 4 .~. 4' j.. PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT1INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT SOGREAH 1 &BASELINE CONDITIONSA-LONG PROFILE 3 COMPARISON PROJECT TO BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 5.1 COMPARISON 700 --- INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI ____ _ t &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 600- .j BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 500 /OO -->it f R DISSOLVED OXYGEN Z 4400 _ - I -D=3.u,n.200 3«00 j = 3 a w 1n I 2010 IMI PROJECT2 0 U2 00 _ v~' ' 8 1 D0O _ 000 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROPOSED PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS FIGURE 5.2 COMPARISON 20 00 '' '""'"''"'''''''''''''''''.'.''...... 2000 .... ITEMUICPA.NITIE..(ANA~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~INTERMUNICIPALINIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 1800 - : - & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 16OO- TU1 'II1, BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR a 1400 BOD 1200 ______0 1000 -' u:-i__ | _-ASELINE 2000 1-N3-D ELINE2O~10a 1000 IMIPROJECT20| 4 00 4^ - E 0N3~5 5¢ 50555 > 'i O0 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASEUNE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 5.3. COMPARISON 900 - __ . --_------. 1 INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 800 1 & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & a 600 _ - BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 6 00 _ _ _NH4 o s_oo - f ..-- BABELINE 2000 i_ _ _ASENE2010 4O -P ROJECT 2010 - L IMI PROJECT2 2 300t--'sU -- ,' ,,, 2 00 T0N 1 00 - 0 00 PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA l.__ POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT SOGREAH 2 & BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG PROFILE 1 COMPARISONPROJECT AND BASELINESCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 5.4 COMPARISON 1000.-...... -.-.-.. --.-.-...... -.-..-.-.-.-.-.------. 1INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 900 | & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 8 00 I BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR o 700 DISSOLVED OXYGEN OI 4 */- -;-BASELINE 2010 400 r IPROJECT2 W 400 PROJECTOJECT 2010 o - O -- - 4 18000 MODELNODE COMPARISONPROJECT AND BASELINESCENARIOS SOD FIGURE 5.5 COMPARISON 2000 ' -- '-' ,INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 1800 ' .r P & GUANZHOU) PROJECT & 1600 :4 -- i - BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR ,- 1400 i - - & '. -- BOD z1200 - C- PROJEC -BASELINEA2000 400______BSELIN CO_NDITBASELINE02010 6000 0800 .1...... IN E M NCP LIITV- N N A COMPARISON ADBPIECNRSH -BASELINEECT00 4v 41 c'cl 4 z 600 4W _,p_e> w vu_IIROET 400 200 oool ...... 2. .... NH MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA 0 SIMULATION .PROJECT, INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT NPOLLUTION SOGREAH 2& BASELINE CONDITIONS- LONG PROFILE 2 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 5.7 COMPARISON 1000 .ANHAT INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE.2.. 9 W &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT& 800 BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 700 DISSOLVED OXYGEN O~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.r; X +ROJECT 21 1- A5004 P5@XCMWW5v54O5 c '. (N BASELNEZlj MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD FIGURE 5. 8COMPARISON 2000------7 j ~ ~~~~~~~~~INTERMUNICIPALINIATIVE 2(NANHAI -0 18007007 - !R - ~ M- OE &GUANGZHOU)PROJECT& 16O BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 1400 BOD Z1200L MODELNODE & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOO FIGURE5.9BCOMPARISON I ~~~~INTERMUNICIPALINIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 2 -BASELI 2000 BASELINE CONDITIONs 201 0 FOR MIE 20N10E 1PS P EJENT 010O Z 0 8W4.' - 0 H 0 ~ ~ ~ 5 5 5 4 W0 ~ IMIPROJECT 2 800 MODELNODE E N VUANGZHENT PROJECT N 2 2 00 BASELINE2O1OMDELNOD PEOPLE'SCHINA F>EPUBLIC GUANGDONGPRDURBANENVIRONMENTPROJECTOF 2010BR 00 SOGREAH2 &BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONBASEINEGCNDITINSF200EFO , -. ~ ~ ~POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT,~~~~~~~~~MITRMNCPALOIEITIAIE 2RJC NNN V N N e POLLUTI QONSIUATO PRJET INE-UIIA INITIATIVESPROJENCT SOGREAH NN NO…ASLN CNIIOSLOGPOFL COMPARISON PROJECT TO BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 6.1 COMPARISON 700 INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 3 (NANHAI 6 00- -- ' __, ____ &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & ,_-... t *,.BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR 5 00 r -- - _DISSOLVED OXYGEN z 4400 _ . -_ - si,n.20 0 OP-i Eai.me 2010 -IPROJECT 2010 3 00 _I - MI PROJECT3 200 __f -- - a . '" .... , __ 1 00 000 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROPOSED PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS FIGURE 6.2 COMPARISON 200 0 ...... 2000 ---- ...... NEMNCPLIITV NNA ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~INTERMUNICIPALINIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 1600 -.- - r '------____ & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & ~61$ FJ1 51 BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR :7 o 10 BOD \ _ l 1200 -. 1____E__E_____ 2 - DASELINE 20110 1000 ns___ I-PROJECT -0EAELINE2002010 ,IMIPROJECT3 ° 6600 -42 . 400 . _ - 71t 2 00 ._ ' - ., .400 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 6.3. COMPARISON 6w0 - ______.__INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 600 &G UANGZHOU) PROJECT & O 500 ~OMARSO-- POJECT00 AND BAELN SCENARIOSNE2O 700 7 - ______- BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR z600 ,J ______. ___ __ 4_ _ NH4 o S W ______-BASELINE 20w0 7 0- BASELINE CONDITONs2010FR2010 u 40 _+ -_IM M PROFILE3 040 ~,.AE 'N 00w-__ _ __ - . < . X 5U , ,., ,.^ 04 4 , w 0 MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA - 4 POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT SOGREAH' 3& BASELINE CONDITIONSI-LONG PROFILE 1 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 6.4 COMPARISON 10DO...... INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 900 . &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 8 00 BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR . 700 DISSOLVED OXYGEN 000 _ _ _ O___=______, $ --PROJECT 2010 ul4 00 IL, s _ . C j l IMI PROJECT3 0 300 2 00- \ - 000 '0001. 5 'v 'o ' 1 1 4 cc, 0 ' '4 ' .'4 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD FIGURE 6.5 COMPARISON 200 -, INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI -1 E+ O& -GUANGZHOU) - X PROJECT & 1600 - - -I ------'I BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR o 14900 - BOD Z - -2000 SELINE MODELNOEELINE2010 COMPARISONOJECTA 2010 9 OO . - I &GUANGZHOU)IPROJECTi 200 _ _ __ . MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT ARD BASELINE SCENARIOS N EC4 FIGURE 6.6 COMPARISON 1000.._--- P S PROECT INTER-MUNICIP T INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 9 00 - & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & O00 - 3 & BASELINE CONDITIONS 201 0 FOR -00 _ = 00,+**+e/***@+& i 700 NH4 6 00 -ASELNE 200 ' S i~~~~~~ - B~~~~~ASELINE2010 D ' -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-PRO.JECT2010 -. . ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~IMIPROJECT3 200 1 00- .- 0 00 Id",~ All ~ ~ ~ ~ , 0' 0 4, 4 MODELNODE PEOPLE's REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT "SOGREAH 3& BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG PROFILE 2 COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS DOX FIGURE 6.7 COMPARISON l w ...... INTERM UN ICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 9 OO . & GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 8 00 . BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR k 700 DISSOLVED OXYGEN ~~~~~1 ~~~~ -BASELNE 200 o 500DO 1- BASELNE2000 ,,,400 J n >--PROJECT2010 4 M I~~~~~~~~~~~MIPROJECT3 o i f--' '1 3 00 |0 - -- 2 00i T __ B 000 ,,, 0 , t< MODELNOIE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS BOD FIGURE 6. 8COMPARISON INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & 1600 _ I lt - - |BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR - 00 14 4'0 St - < - - ' BOD 2 800 -tt - [:: ~_.BASEL NE 2000 I -PR OJECT 2010 ' 00 _ M PR,E- 4 004 MODELNODE COMPARISON PROJECT AND BASELINE SCENARIOS NH4 FIGURE 6.9: COMPARISON lOW . .------.------.-..... INTERMUNICIPAL INIATIVE 2 (NANHAI 9OO - _ . . I &GUANGZHOU) PROJECT & BASELINE CONDITIONS 2010 FOR NH4 6 ~00 ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~~~-ASELINE2'0 10 ASELINE2010 50 I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--ROJECT2010 4_F00 . _. .- . MI_ PROJECTS OW 0 12 0 0 I 0 IN E0N 004100000000 O_N 0 QI0N 00000N00000000000: ( Et I 5- E0' 0~~~~~~~~00 M1 c 80 MODELNODE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GUANGDONG PRD URBAN ENVIRONMENT PROJECT NOVEMBER 2003 THE WORLD BANK OVERALL WASTEWATER EA POLLUTION SIMULATION PROJECT, INTER-MUNICIPAL INITIATIVES PROJECT SOGREAH 3& BASELINE CONDITIONS - LONG PROFILE 3