Head Shop ‘Legal Highs’ Active Constituents Identification Chart (June /July 2010, ‘511’ - ‘714’)

•Dimethocaine* •Naphyrone •Dimethylamylamine •Caffeine •Dimethylamylamine Note: At the time of purchase •Dimethylamylamine •Glaucine* •2-Phenylethylamine the sales assistant said that •Lignocaine •Caffeine this was Pure NRG packed •Caffeine (Note: This product is sold • •LdLevodopa •Synephrine as Mind Melt •Synephrine as a ‘relaxant’) •Synephrine Note: Same product name but different active ingredients. •Caffeine

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• •Ethcathinone •Naphyrone •Caffeine •Dimethylamylamine •‘iso-Ethcathinone’ •CffiCaffeine •ShiSynephrine •2-Phenylethylamine •Fluorotropacocaine* •Fluorotropacocaine* •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine Note; The formation of 'iso-ethcathinone' was also observed •Lignocaine Note: Offered for sale as a ‘herbal snuff’. •5-Hydroxytryptophan •Lognocaine •Lignocaine as a by-product in our laboratory synthesis of ethcathinone. The toxicological and pharmacological properties of A sample of Pure NRG purchased on •Hordenine ‘iso-ethcatinone ‘ are unknown. 13/06/10 was found to contain caffeine Note: Slightly different packaging. Samples purchased on 13/06/10 and naphyrone. and 15/07/10 were found to contain caffeine and a trace of fluorotropacocaine.

•Dimethocaine* •Dimethocaine* •Caffeine •Caffeine •Dimethylamylamine •Dimethocaine* •Caffeine Note: Purchased after DOHC statement on •Caffeine dimethocaine issued on June 02. Note: Before the 511 Note: Sold as ’Powerful Machine gun logo on bag. ban this product Herbal Party Snuff’ contained . Note: A sample was analysed by 1H and 13C NMR which further confirmed the presence of dimethocaine.

•Dimethylamylamine •Dimethylamylamine •Dimeth yl amyl ami ne •2-Phenylethylamine •2-Phenylethylamine •Dimethylamylamine •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine Note: This product is targeted at the Note: Peak with suspected MW 290 •Synephrine female market. We suspect the presence observed by GCMS. This may be derived Note: For the above three products LCMS revealed some unidentified of 5-hydroxytryptophan and are currently from on of the listed constituents, Salvia sclarosa. compounds which are still under investigation. optimizing chromatographic conditions to confirm this. I O

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•AM-694* F Inner pack •Dimethylamylamine •Fluorotropacocaine* Note: Anecdotal reports •Dimethylamylamine •Dimethylamylamine Outer pack •2-Phenylethylamine •Desoxypipradrol* indicate that users smoke •Caffeine •2-Phenylethylamine this product. •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine Note: ‘Gel Strip’ formulation. Sold for €2.50 per pack. LCMS revealed •Synephrine the possible presence of glycyyrhizin from liquorice and also several unidentified components.

•Dimethylamylamine •Dimethylamylamine •Dimethylamylamine •Dimethylcathinone •Mitragynine* •Naphyrone •2-Phenylethylamine •2-Phenylethylamine •2-Phenylethylamine •Ethcathinone () Note: When purchasing a sample of Enchanted •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine •Caffeine on 15/07/10 the sales assistant said that it was a new and stronger version . It was also found to •Synephrine •Synephrine •Synephrine Note:The EI mass spectra of dimethylcathinone contain naphyrone. (metamfepramone) and ethcathinone are very similar. •Hordenine •Hordenine Dimethylcathinone is also known as dimethcathinone Powder Capsule which can easily be confused with dimethocaine. Tablet * Tentatively identified from its mass spectrum as no standard was available These are the active constituents identified to date. Analysis is on-going. On a general note, by monitoring websites offering ‘research chemicals’ for sale, we have observed that MDAT, MDAI , 5-IAI and especially 6-APB (‘Benzo Fury’) are becoming quite popular. However, the actual availability of ‘Benzo Fury’ from such websites is unclear and some state that the ‘official launch date’ is the beginning of August. If you have any questions please contact us - [email protected] Pierce Kavanagh1, Jayant Sharma1, Sinead McNamara2, Daniel Angelov1, Sean McDermott1, Daniel Mullan1 and Sheila Ryder3 1 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin 8. 2 Treatment Centre Board, Pearse Street, Dublin 2. 3 School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2.