Adaptations for Survival Mobbing Behaviour

1 2 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Cost-Benefit Analysis Testing the Prediction

! Approach to analyze phenotypes for their fitness benefits vs. costs

Fig. 6.2 Fig. 6.4 3 4 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Comparative Approach

Cliff Nesting as Fig. 6.7 Alternative Fig. 6.6 5 6 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

1 Comparison by Convergence Mobbing Behaviour

Fig. 6.8

7 8 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Optimizing Cost : Benefit Dilution of Risk ! Puddling ! If mobbing is an Fig. 6.9 ! Tendency to adaptation, should be aggregate in flexible to assess groups different levels of risk ! Larger are louder and warmer ! Squirrels stayed away from speakers with Fig. 6.10 louder rattles

9 10 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Testing Dilution in Mayflies Benefits of Grouping

Fig. 6.12

11 12 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

2 Group Defense Costs : Benefits of

! Sawfly larvae ! Sequestered chemical protection from Eucalyptus oils

Fig. 6.14 Fig. 6.16 13 14 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Melanic Moths (Biston betularia) Testing the Prediction

Fig. 6.17 Fig. 6.18 15 16 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

How Camouflage Works Body Orientation in Catocala relicta

Fig. 6.21

Figs. 6.19 & 6.20 17 18 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

3 Personal Hygiene in Skippers Figs. 6.23 & 6.24

Fig. 6.22 Darwinian Puzzles 19 20 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Stotting in Thompson’s Gazelle Predictions

Alarm Social Confusion Announce Prediction Signal Cohesion Effect Unprofitability ! hyp Solitary stotting No Yes No Yes ! Social cohesion hyp Group stotting Yes No Yes No ! Confusion effect hyp Showing rump to No No Yes Yes ! Pursuit deterrence hyp predator

Showing rump to Yes Yes No No Fig. 6.26 gazelle Table 6.2 21 22 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Honest Signaling Adaptive Value of Stotting

Fig. 6.28 Fig. 6.27 23 24 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

4 Coveys in Northern Bobwhite Quail Optimality Theory

! Only Z is maladaptive ! Only X is an adaptation (greatest !B-C)

Fig. 6.30 Fig. 6.31 25 26 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Game Theory Adaptive Value of Selfishness

Fig. 6.32 Fig. 6.33

27 28 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

Questions?

29 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour

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