Adaptations for Survival Mobbing Behaviour
1 2 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Cost-Benefit Analysis Testing the Prediction
! Approach to analyze phenotypes for their fitness benefits vs. costs
Fig. 6.2 Fig. 6.4 3 4 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Comparative Approach
Cliff Nesting as Fig. 6.7 Alternative Fig. 6.6 5 6 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
1 Comparison by Convergence Mobbing Behaviour
Fig. 6.8
7 8 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Optimizing Cost : Benefit Dilution of Risk ! Puddling ! If mobbing is an Fig. 6.9 ! Tendency to adaptation, should be aggregate in flexible to assess groups different levels of risk ! Larger snakes are louder and warmer ! Squirrels stayed away from speakers with Fig. 6.10 louder rattles
9 10 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Testing Dilution in Mayflies Benefits of Grouping
Fig. 6.12
11 12 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
2 Group Defense Costs : Benefits of Camouflage
! Sawfly larvae ! Sequestered chemical protection from Eucalyptus oils
Fig. 6.14 Fig. 6.16 13 14 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Melanic Moths (Biston betularia) Testing the Prediction
Fig. 6.17 Fig. 6.18 15 16 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
How Camouflage Works Body Orientation in Catocala relicta
Fig. 6.21
Figs. 6.19 & 6.20 17 18 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
3 Personal Hygiene in Skippers Figs. 6.23 & 6.24
Fig. 6.22 Darwinian Puzzles 19 20 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Stotting in Thompson’s Gazelle Stotting Predictions
Alarm Social Confusion Announce Prediction Signal Cohesion Effect Unprofitability ! Alarm signal hyp Solitary stotting No Yes No Yes ! Social cohesion hyp Group stotting Yes No Yes No ! Confusion effect hyp Showing rump to No No Yes Yes ! Pursuit deterrence hyp predator
Showing rump to Yes Yes No No Fig. 6.26 gazelle Table 6.2 21 22 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Honest Signaling Adaptive Value of Stotting
Fig. 6.28 Fig. 6.27 23 24 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
4 Coveys in Northern Bobwhite Quail Optimality Theory
! Only Z is maladaptive ! Only X is an adaptation (greatest !B-C)
Fig. 6.30 Fig. 6.31 25 26 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Game Theory Adaptive Value of Selfishness
Fig. 6.32 Fig. 6.33
27 28 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
Questions?
29 BIO 3176: Animal Behaviour
5