What is a ?

• Place to enjoy tea • Garden that grows used to make tea Tea

Master University of Illinois Extension Serving Fulton-Mason-Peoria-Tazewell Counties

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History of Tea Recent

• Herbal • Today - 200 million • - tea – Medicinal pounds/year – Orient – England – Chamomile, – “Lipton” • 4 foot shrubs , elderflower – “Celestial Seasonings” Plantation worker picking tea in southern – Oswego tea (from bee • Acre = 1500 highlands of Iringa Region, Tanzania – “Bigelow” By Martin Benjamin - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, balm) pounds/year https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1589136 – Health food stores • Handpicked • Ice Tea from 1901 – Natural foods picture at right from World’s Fair in St. Louis – free Tanzania • Tea bags in 1908 (silk)

By Kuebi = Armin Kübelbeck - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.o web.extension.illinois.edu/fmpt rg/w/index.php?curid=30575 web.extension.illinois.edu/fmpt 96

Tea Gardens Tea Garden Types

1. English “A garden 2. Japanese 3. Chinese where tea may 4. Cottage be fully 5. savored”. 6. Container

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1 English Tea Garden It’s tea time

Then • Low tea or afternoon tea Served from trays on low • Formal and controlled tables beside armchairs • Large gardens with finger food • Servants • High tea (meat tea) Tea served after work Now with a meal that includes • Time to relax meat, tea, and sweets • Smaller • Light tea Four course menu with sandwiches

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Cottage Tea Garden Japanese Tea Gardens

• For “working folks” These gardens are • Smaller and practical considered to be a link • Informal and efficient between humans and • “right , right nature and are as much place” spiritual as physical.

Anne Hathaway’s Cottage By Stefan Stegemann - self made, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2549545 Portland, Oregon .

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Japanese tea garden plants Gardens

• Showcase specimen plants with character Five Basic Elements • All have the 3-friends of winter 1. Plants – Pines: picturesque (lasting maturity) 2. Rocks – Bamboo: flexibility 3. Architecture (resilience) – Plums: hope, rebirth, 4. Water and triumph of spring 5. Poetry over winter Brooklyn Museum - Three Auspicious Friends • Roses and Pine Bamboo and Plum By Chōsui Yabu - Online Collection of Brooklyn Museum; Photo: Brooklyn Museum, rhododendrons 2002.121.20_IMLS_PS3.jpg, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10969328

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2 Herb Tea Gardens Herb Tea Gardens

“Magic Gardens” • Formal Their flavor and • Or simple corner fragrance again carry bed romance, mystery, • Alive with bees and legends, and magic. hummingbirds Lifting us out of the hurrying present, even if just for a little while.” Rosetta Clarkson

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Container Tea Gardens

• For small spaces • Patios, balconies Tea Components • Porch • Windowsill • Window box Enclosure Pathways Special features

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Structure and enclosure Pathway

• Sense of place and • Clipped hedge • “Pathway to reach privacy • Stone wall inner sanctum” • Visual and physical • Wooden fence • Enter garden through enclosure gate • Trellis Path winds – “Like a • Pergola or arbor • symbolic river pouring • Tea hut past plants.”

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3 Special Features Types of Tea

• Stone Lantern – functional or decorative • Bench – to relax and contemplate • View tea

Black tea

By File:Teaprocessing-small.pngAuthor: User:Sjschensvg:Older version: Own work (User:Yukiseaside)Present version: (User:Sjschen)Chinese versionFile:TeaprocessingZh.svg - File:Teaprocessing-small.png, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11447174

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Tea Plants to Grow Chamomile

• Roman (Chamaemelum nobile)– Chamomile Basil low growing perennial Mint Fennel • German (Matricaria recutita) – Lavender Horehound cool annual Rosemary Lemon verbena • Height: 12 to 18” • Chamomile tea Roses Sage – Evening tea to induce sleep Calendula Valerian – Fresh or dried flowers Bee Balm Thyme – Steep for 3-4 minutes – Delicate flavor Hops

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Mint - Mentha species Lavender - angustifolia

• Perennial • Perennial – Aromatic leaves – gray-green, needle-like leaves – Pale flowers – 4-6 inch, fragrant flowers • Height: 12 to 24” • Lavender tea • Mint Tea – Relax and sleep – Dried flowers (1 teaspoon) – “pick-me-up” – Fresh flowers (3 teaspoons) – Slightly crushed whole – Steep to taste leaves • Invasive!

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4 Rosemary - Rosmarinus officinalis Rose

• Tender perennial • Shrub – Aromatic, needle-like leaves • Tea from flowers – Pale blue flowers – Dried flowers (1 teaspoon) • Height: up to 2 feet; – Fresh flowers (2 teaspoons) various forms exist – Steep to taste • Tea • Tea from hips – Dried flowers (1 teaspoon) – Grind into powder – Fresh flowers (3 teaspoons) – 1 teaspoon per cup – Steep to taste – Steep 5 minutes – Add honey

By 竹麦魚 - ja:Image:Hamanasu.png, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1208296

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Calendula - Calendula officinalis Bee Balm - Monarda sp.

• Annual • Bergamot, Oswego Tea – oblong, slightly fuzzy leaves • Perennial in mint family – daisy-like flowers in warm • Height: 24-48” colors • Height: 8-24” • Tea use – 1 teaspoon dried flowers • Tea use dried flowers or petals – Simmer 5-6 minutes – 2 teaspoons dried – Clear, dark red tea – 4 teaspoons fresh – Steep 5-10 minutes – Tea is bright yellow

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Basil - Ocimum basilicum Fennel - Foeniculum vulgare

• Hardy, self-sowing • Annual perennial • Fragrant leaves – feathery, thread-like leaves • White to burgundy flowers – yellow flowers • Height: 8 inches to 2 feet • Height: 4 feet • Tea - leaves • Tea – leaves – Spicy, clove-like – licorice – 1 teaspoon dried – 2 teaspoons dried – 3 teaspoons fresh & crushed – 3 teaspoons fresh – Steep to taste

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5 Horehound - Marrubium vulgare Lemon Verbena - Aloysia triphylla

• Perennial • Tender perennial – Hairy, gray leaves – Narrow leaves – Small creamy-white – Lemon scent flower • Container plant • Height: 1-3 feet • Tea- leaves • Tea – crushed leaves – Warm and lemony – Bitter and musky – Mix with black – 1 teaspoon dried – 1 (dry) to 3 (fresh) – 3 teaspoons fresh – Steep 15 minutes

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Hop - Humulus lupulus Sage - Salvia officinalis

• Perennial Vine (20 feet) – 3-5 lobed leaves • Long-lived perennial – Yellow-green cones leathery, gray-green leaves (female) • • Used to make beer • lavender-blue flowers • Tea- leaves • Height: 2-4 feet, mounded – 1 (dry) to 3 (fresh) • Tea • Tea-hops – 1 teaspoon dried or fresh chopped leaves and tops – 1 tablespoon in ½ pint water – Steep for 10 minutes – Simmer 2-3 minutes – Sweeten with honey – Steep well and strain

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Valerian - Valeriana officinalis Thyme - Thymus sp.

• Perennial • Perennial – Light green leaves – small, aromatic leaves – Flowers in June – lilac to pink flowers in • Height: 4 feet terminal clusters • Height: 12 inches • Tea – ground root • Tea – leaves and tops – Mild sedative, strong – 1 dry to 3 fresh odor – Steep 10 minutes – ½ teaspoon – Steep 10 minutes – Flavor with honey

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6 Others How to brew the best tea

• New Jersey Tea • Hot water – boil or not? – Native perennial shrub • Strainer or bag? By Homer D. House, New York – Fresh or dry leaves State Botanist. Walter B. Starr of the Matthews-Northrup Company, • How long to steep? – Used as substitute after Buffalo, and Harold H. Snyder of the Zeese-Wilkinson Company, Boston New York, photographers. - Wild Flowers of New York Part 1, • Sweeten or not (honey, University of the State of New York, State Museum, Albany., stevia) • Sassafras Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w – Tea from root bark /index.php?curid=46235817 – Hot with milk or honey? – Contains FDA banned – Iced with a little bit of chemical safrole, which lemon and sugar? causes liver cancer in rats – Made only with the – Therefore, not infusing powers of the recommended sun?

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Most of all…. http://web.extension.illinois.edu/state/programs.php

• Relax and enjoy • Take a load off… and savor the moment

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Thank You! Program created by…

Rhonda J. Ferree Extension Educator, Fulton/Mason/Peoria/Tazewell Unit 127 S High St, Ste 1 Havana, IL 62644 Phone: 309-543-3308 FAX: 309-543-6239 [email protected]

University of Illinois | U.S. Department of | Local Extension Councils Cooperating University of Illinois Extension provides equal opportunities in programs and employment.

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