Estudio Y Recopilación De Datos Sobre El Sector De Manejo De Residuos Sólidos En América Central Y Caribe
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Centroamérica y el Caribe Estudio y Recopilación de Datos sobre el Sector de Manejo de Residuos Sólidos en América Central y Caribe Informe Final Noviembre del 2012 Agencia de Cooperación Internacional del Japón EX Research Institute Ltd. Rurban Designs, Inc. GE JR 12-153 Países de Estudio República Dominicana Estados Unidos Mexicanos Ciudad de México República de Honduras Santo Domingo de Guzmán Ciudad de Guatemala Tegucigalpa República de Guatemala San Salvador República de El Salvador República Dominicana República de El Salvador Superficie: 48,442 km2 Superficie: 21,040 km2 Población: 10,010,000 (2009) Población: Aprox. 6,190,000 (2010) República de Guatemala República de Honduras 2 2 Superficie: 108,889 km Superficie: 112,492 km Población: 14,710,000 (2011) Población: Aprox. 7600,000 (2010) Estados Unidos Mexicanos 2 Superficie: 1,960,000 km Población: 108,630,000 (2010) Fuente: Página web del ministerio de asuntos exteriores (http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/area/index.html) Estudio y Recopilación de Datos sobre el Sector de Manejo de JICA Residuos Sólidos en América Central y Caribe EX Research Institute Ltd Rurban Designs, Inc. Contenido 1 ANTECEDENTES DEL PROYECTO ················································ 1 1.1 Objetivo del Proyecto ················································································1 1.2 Proceso de Evolución del Manejo de Residuos ·················································1 1.3 Concepto del Estudio ················································································2 1.3.1 Región a estudiar ···················································································· 2 1.3.2 Estudios en Campo ·················································································· 2 1.3.3 Organizaciones a estudiar ········································································ 2 1.3.4 Situación actual ······················································································ 2 1.3.5 Orden de tareas ······················································································ 3 1.3.6 Análisis de colaboración sistemática en la región ·········································· 3 1.3.7 Análisis de factibilidad para la aplicación de la fortaleza de Japón ·················· 3 2 DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LOS RESULTADOS DE LOS ESTUDIOS EN CAMPO ····················································································· 4 2.1 Honduras ······························································································5 2.1.1 Descripción General ················································································ 5 2.1.2 Valoración de Capacidades········································································ 7 2.1.3 Conclusión ··························································································· 10 2.2 GUATEMALA······················································································· 11 2.2.1 Descripción General ·············································································· 11 2.2.2 Valoración de Capacidades······································································ 13 2.2.3 Conclusión ··························································································· 16 2.3 El Salvador ·························································································· 16 2.3.1 Descripción General ·············································································· 16 2.3.2 Valoración de Capacidades······································································ 18 2.3.3 Conclusión ··························································································· 21 2.4 México ································································································ 22 2.4.1 Descripción General ·············································································· 22 2.4.2 Cooperación Triangular ·········································································· 23 2.4.3 Conclusión ··························································································· 25 2.5 República Dominicana ············································································ 25 2.5.1 Descripción General ·············································································· 25 2.5.2 Valoración de Capacidades······································································ 27 2.5.3 Conclusión ··························································································· 30 2.6 Actividades de Otros Donantes·································································· 31 2.6.1 Situación por País ················································································· 31 3 ESTUDIO RETROSPECTIVO ························································ 33 3.1 Estudios de Mejoras sobre el Sistema de Manejo de Residuos Sólidos para la Ciudad de Managua, Nicaragua ··················································································· 34 3.1.1 Antecedentes ························································································ 34 3.1.2 Factores de Impedimento y de Fomento ···················································· 35 i Estudio y Recopilación de Datos sobre el Sector de Manejo de JICA Residuos Sólidos en América Central y Caribe EX Research Institute Ltd Rurban Designs, Inc. 3.2 Estudio sobre Manejo de Residuos Sólidos en el Área Urbana de Tegucigalpa, Distrito Central, en la República de Honduras ································································· 35 3.2.1 Antecedentes ························································································ 35 3.2.2 Factores de Impedimento y de Fomento ···················································· 35 3.3 Estudio sobre el Manejo de Residuos Sólidos para la Ciudad de México de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos··························································································· 36 3.3.1 Antecedentes ························································································ 36 3.3.2 Factores de Impedimento y de Fomento ···················································· 36 3.4 Proyecto de Mejoramiento del Manejo de los Desechos Sólidos para la Municipalidad de Panamá en la República de Panamá ································································ 37 3.4.1 Antecedentes ························································································ 37 3.4.2 Factor de Fomento y de Impedimento ······················································· 37 3.5 Proyecto de Desarrollo de Políticas sobre el Manejo de Residuos Sólidos en base a las 3Rs en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos ·································································· 37 3.5.1 Antecedentes ························································································ 37 3.5.2 Factores de Fomento y de Impedimento ···················································· 38 3.6 Proyecto del Manejo Integral de Residuos Sólidos para los Municipios en El Salvador 38 3.6.1 Antecedentes ························································································ 38 3.6.2 Factor de Fomento y de Impedimento ······················································· 39 3.7 Proyecto de Seguimiento al Manejo Adecuado de los Residuos Sólidos en Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Disstrito Nacional, República Dominicana ······························· 40 3.7.1 Antecedentes ························································································ 40 3.7.2 Factor de Fomento y de Impedimento ······················································· 40 3.8 Conclusión del Estudio Retrospectivo ························································· 41 3.8.1 Ambiente Fundamental ········································································· 41 3.8.2 Capacidad de Núcleo ············································································· 42 3.8.3 Capacidad Técnica ················································································ 42 3.9 Lección································································································ 42 3.9.1 Periodo de Planeación del Proyecto ·························································· 43 3.9.2 Periodo de Implementación del Proyecto ··················································· 43 3.9.3 Después del Cierre de Proyecto································································ 43 3.9.4 Expansión Geográfica de Cooperación (Extensión de Resultados de la Cooperación) ····································································································· 43 3.9.5 Expansión con el Transcurso del Tiempo Después de la Cooperación (Durabilidad del Desarrollo de Capacidades) ············································································ 44 4 ANÁLISIS DE SITUACIÓN ··························································· 44 4.1 Situación de los Países Visitados para Estudios de Campo ······························· 44 4.1.1 Gobierno Central ·················································································· 44 4.1.2 Gobiernos Municipales ··········································································· 46 4.2 Análisis de Situación en los Países de Interés Estudiados ································ 46 4.3 Costo ··································································································