Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science

Volume 88 Number Article 6

1981

A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Lee County, Iowa

James H. Peck University of Arkansas - Little Rock

Thomas G. Lammers University of Northern Iowa

Burton W. Haglan Drake University

Dean M. Roosa Iowa Conservation Commission

Lawrence J. Eilers University of Iowa

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Copyright ©1981 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias

Recommended Citation Peck, James H.; Lammers, Thomas G.; Haglan, Burton W.; Roosa, Dean M.; and Eilers, Lawrence J. (1981) "A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Lee County, Iowa," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 88(4), 159-171. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol88/iss4/6

This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Peck et al.: A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Lee County, Iowa

Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 88 (4): 159-171. 1981

A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Lee County, Iowa

JAMES H. PECK1 , THOMAS G. LAMMERS2 , BURTON W. HAGLAN3, DEAN M. ROOSA4 , and LAWRENCE J. EILERS2

1 Department of Biology, University of Arkansas-Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas 72204 2Department of Biology, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50613 3Department of Biology, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311 4State Preserves Advisory Board, Iowa Conservation Commission, Des Moines, IA 50319

The vascular flora of Lee County, Iowa, based upon field and herbarium study, is composed of 876 taxa ( plus hybrids), including 25 endangered and 5 threatened Iowa species. Naturalized species totaled 154. The study added 318 species to the county flora, a 57% increase to the flora of what had been called one oflowa 's "best collected counties." Two species are reported as additions to the state flora: Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd. and Vitis baileyana Munson. The flora is most notable for the presence of many species which do not occur much farther northward in Iowa, being with floristic affinity to the Ozark Plateau in Missouri. INDEX DESCRIPfORS: Endangered Species, Iowa Vascular F1ora, Lee County F1ora, Threatened Plant Species.

Lee County, located in extreme southeastern Iowa, is adjacent to of other rare Iowa plants on the same bluff, such as Fraxinus quad­ Missouri and Illinois and bounded on the east by the Mississippi River, rangulata (Blue Ash). In their reviews of Iowa floristic studies, Gilly on the south by the Des Moines River, and on the north by the Skunk ( 1948) and Thome (1954), both considered Lee County to be one of the River. The landscape is composed of 1) extensive alluvial deposits best collected counties in the state. along the Mississippi and Des Moines rivers and 2) a relatively flat, but As part of a doctoral research program, Davidson ( 1957; 1959; 1960) dissected upland surface which is the southeastern extremity of the conducted additional floristic studies in Lee County, as part of his flora Southern Iowa Drift Plain (Prior, 1976). The few exposures of rock in of southeastern Iowa. Davidson ( 1957) included dot maps in his unpub­ the county are shales and limestones located in the bluffs of the Des lished dissertation which documented a county flora of 558 species for Moines and Mississippi rivers (Keyes, 1893). The soils provide a thick Lee County. Changes in nomenclature and insistence on herbarium covering over the bedrock, being formed from a variety of transported specimen documentation account for the lower flora total noted by parent materials, including Nebraskan and Kansan drift, Illinoisian and Davidson as compared to Fults. However, we noted many obvious Wisconsin age loess, and alluvium (Lockridge, 1979; Stevenson and omissions in the lists compiled by Fults (1934) and Davidson (1957), Brown, 1918). The soils are classified into four major associations: 1) indicating to us that additional field survey and herbarium search was Clinton-Keswick-Lindley, 2) Grundy-Haig, 3) Lindley-Keswich-Wel­ needed. ler, and 4) Otley-Mahaska-Taintor (Oschwald, et al., 1974). At the Another reason for conducting the survey in Lee County, was an time of settlement, the county was 75% woodland and 25% prairie awareness of the impact by man which was rapidly eliminating (Stevenson and Brown, 1918). The forests are typified by oak-hickory opportunities to observe or possibly preserve remaining natural communities with a few maple-basswood stands on especially steep areas. According to Thomson (1980), only 25% of the original area north-facing slopes. of woodland remains in trees, with the original woods of 180,000 Although Iowa is typified by mid-continental climate, the extremes acres (ca. 72,000 ha) in 1832 declining to 60,000 acres (ca. 24,000 characteristic of this climatic-type are least apparent in Iowa in Lee ha) by 1875 following settlement. Today, 50,000 acres (ca. 20,000 County. The average annual temperature in Lee County is 52 F., with a ha) of woodlands remain, with much of it having been thinned, January mean of24 F. Rainfall in Lee County is the highest in the state, cut, or grazed to some extent. Recent investigations by Lammers with an average of over 34 inches (Shaw and Barger, 1956). Growing (1977; 1980) on the flora and vegetation of Des Moines County has season in Lee County is about 175 days, compared to a state-wide noted the extent of impact, especially on the floodplain of the average of 158 days (Oschwald, et al., 1974). Mississippi River wherein agricultural, navigational, flood control, Floristic information on Lee County was first reported some 80 years and drainage projects have greatly reduced the wetlands, oxbows, ago by Fitzpatrick and Fitzpatrick (1897; 1898) as part ofa preliminary lakes, and marshes which were once plentiful. Intact prairie is flora of southern Iowa. The first intensive study of the Lee County virtually non-existent, being converted by the plow to rowcrops vascular flora was conducted by Fults (1934), who listed 648 species early in settlement and on sandy prairies more recently with the ad­ based upon his personal collections, herbarium specimens, and some vent of modem irrigation methods. Consequently, efforts to survey literature reports. Additions to that flora were made by Gilly and and inventory the remaining natural areas in Lee County were McDonald of Parsons College (now known as Maharishi International needed before too many other habitats also declined. University, Fairfield), who conducted a series of floristic studies in During 1979, the State Preserves Advisory Board sponsored a southeastern Iowa and in Lee County in the area of the newly developed natural history foray in Lee County to conduct a preliminary survey Shimek State Forest in the 1930's and 1940's. Their observations and for natural areas and to commence inventory of the flora and fauna. additions were summarized in a series of reports (Gilly and McDonald, The foray initiated the preparation of this vascular flora, which is 1936; 1947; 1948; McDonald, 1937). Hayden (1940; 1945) reported on the third county flora prepared in conjunction with such forays. several rare Iowa plants in Lee County, including her discovery of a Earlier floras were prepared for Allamakee County (Peck, Roosa, grove of Sassafras trees, the first found in Iowa, on a bluff south of & Eilers, 1980) and Fremont County (Peck, Eilers, & Roosa, 1978). Keokuk overlooking the Des Moines River. Thome (1953) also re­ The checklist format employed in this report provides a functional ported on the status of Sassafras at that location and on the occurrence (albeit terse) statement on Lee County floristic data. Additional

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160 PROC. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 88 (1981)

data exist in the form of specimen label data, but space consid­ CHECKLIST erations preclude their publication. With implementation of BIOBANK (Eilers, 1979), a computer assisted specimen data sys­ A total of 876 taxa (species plus hybrids) is reported, including tem for the Iowa flora, such data will be compiled, stored, and be 154 non-native, but naturalized species. Even though Lee County more conveniently available than at present. This report adds Lee was "one of the best collected counties" in the state (Gilly (1948; County to the list of Iowa counties which have been treated with Thome, 1954), we added 318 species (57% increase) to the flora modern summaries of their flora (Eilers, 1975). extracted from Davidson (1957). Two species were added to the state flora: Habenaria lacera and Vitis baileyana. The orchid was METHODS collected in the 1920's and had been overlooked by Iowa botanists until noted by one of us (TGL) when searching the Iowa Wesleyan Field collections were made mainly in 1979, with limited collecting College herbarium. The grape is new to the state, but may be from 1976 through 1980. All 15 of Davidson's collecting stations were treated with a lesser hierarchial rank as a variety of V. vulpina. The visited. Additional stations of botanical interest were also located. magnitude of the additions to the Lee County flora suggests to us Special emphasis was placed on a survey of the diverse habitats located that floristic efforts are probably equally rewarding in many other within Shimek State Forest (Croton, Donnellson, Farmington, and of Iowa's best collected counties, but especially so in southern Lick Creek Units). The extent of woodland and wetlands in the county Iowa. exceeded our ability to conduct a complete search for natural areas. One aspect of the Lee County flora warranting special mention is the Although we added significantly to the flora of the county, continued presence of many plants with geographical affinity to the Ozark Pla­ field work would likely add to the county flora, possibly to the state teau, as noted by Roosa and Eilers (1978) and Lammers (1980). flora, and would almost certainly locate additional stations of botanical Species in the Lee County flora which illustrate this include Asimina interest. tri/oba, Aster linarifolia, Carex crinita, C. deweyana, C. hirsutella, C. Herbarium search was conducted 1) to corroborate the occurrence of lurida, C. shortiana, Cercis canadensis, Danthonia spicata, Fraxinus species which were reported by Fults (1934) and Davidson (1957; quadrifolia, Lespedeza procumbens, Quercus marilandica, Q. 1959), but which were not observed during the foray and 2) to com­ muehlenberii, Q. stellata, Rhus aromatica, Sassafras albidum, Scirpus pletely search the Iowa State University herbarium which was only georgianus, Tephrosia virginiana, and Veratrum woodii. These spe­ partially examined by Davidson. Searches for Lee County plants were cies tend to not occur very far north in Iowa, but may be found in conducted at Iowa State University, University oflowa, and University abundance to the south in Missouri (Steyermark, 1963). of Northern Iowa. Limited searches were conducted at Iowa Wesleyan The flora included 25 endangered and 5 threatened Iowa species. College and Maharishi International University. Our vouchers were This number is lower than what we expected, based upon the county's deposited at Iowa State University and University of Northern Iowa. position next to Missouri and Illinois and on its relatively large flora for The checklist is alphabetized to facilitate manual and computer an Iowa county (Thome, 1954). The low number of endangered species processing. Family and higher categories are in general agreement with probably reflects several aspects, including 1) absence of extensive treatments by Cronquist (1968) for plants and Crabbe, Jermy, and rock outcrops, 2) essentially total elimination of upland prairie vegeta­ Mickel (1975) forfems and fem allies. Binomials and common names tion, 3) almost complete loss of floodplain sand prairies, 4) the lack of are selected to follow: 1) recent Iowa taxonomic treatments for barriers restricting species to Lee County (Mississippi and Des Moines Apiaceae (Crawford, 1970), Orchidaceae (Niemann, 1974), rivers are natural dispersal and migration routes), and 5) the earlier (Pohl, 1966), fems and fem allies (Peck, 1976), and aquatic and settlement (1820's) and longer cultivation of Lee County, as compared wetland plants (Lammers & van der Valk, 1977; 1979), 2) regional to the rest of Iowa. manuals (Fernald, 1950; Gleason & Cronquist, 1963), and 3) state Since habitat depletion or elimination has continued for over 160 manuals of Illinois (Mohlenbrock, 1975; Mohlenbrock & Ladd, 1978) years, any remaining natural vegetation or recovering vegetation, such and Missouri (Steyermark, 1963). The list is annotated with an asterisk as is found within Shimek State Forest, is a significant expression of (*) before the binomial of non-native but naturalized plants, a double Iowa's natural heritage. The checklist provided will facilitate future exclamation mark(!!) before an Iowa endangered plant, and a single natural area inventories in Lee County. exclamation mark(!) before an Iowa threatened plant (Roosa & Eilers, 1978). Non-indigenous plants have been introduced into Shimek State EQUISETOPHYT A Forest in the form of three plantations. We did not incorporate these species into the flora, even though some were reproducing EQUISET ACEAE (Horsetail Family) successfully, since it was obvious that these plants had been planted by man in an equidistant grid. Plantations of the following Equisetum arvense L. (Field Horsetail) species were observed: Liriodendron tulipifera (Tulip Tree), Larix Equisetum hyemale L. (Common Horsetail) laricina (American Larch), Picea glauca (White Spruce), Pinus Equisetum laevigatum A. Br. (Smooth Scouring-rush) banksiana (Jack Pine), Pinus echinata (Shortleaf Pine), Pinus nigra Equisetum Xfe"issii Clute (E. hyemale X laevigatum) (Austrian Pine), Pinus ponderosa (Ponderosa Pine), Pinus pungens (Table Mountain Pine); Pinus resinosa (Red Pine), Pinus rigida POLYPODIOPHYTA (Pitch Pine), Pinu~ strobus (White Pine), Pinus sylvestris (Scotch Pine), and Pinus virginiana (Virginia Pine). On the other hand, ADIANT ACEAE (Maidenhair Fem Family) other plants which are non-indigenous were listed, since they spread on their own and appear native. We added two species, Zea Adiantum pedatum L. (Northern Maidenhair Fem) mays and Glycine max (com and soybeans), as they were common along roadsides, not intentionally planted, and rarely became fer­ ASPLENIACEAE (Common Fem Family) tile, making their identity less obvious. These last two species, however, ate not naturalized, but significant escapes from culti­ Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes ex D. C. Eat. (Ebony Spleenwort) vation. Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl (Northern Lady Fem)

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VASCULAR FLORA OF LEE COUNTY 161

Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bemh. (Bulblet Fem) ANACARDIACEAE (Cashew Family) Cystopterisfragilis (L.) Bemh. var. mackayi Laws. (Mackay's Fragile Fem) Rhus aromatica Ait. (Fragrant Sumac) Cystopteris protrusa (Weath.) Blasdell (Creeping Fragile Fem) Rhus glabra L. (Smooth Sumac) Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray (Crested Wood Fem) Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze ssp. negundo (Greene) Gillis Dryopteris spinulosa (0. F. Muell.) Watt (Spinulose Wood Fem) (Poison Ivy) Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod. (Ostrich Fem) Toxicodendron rydbergii (Rydb.) Greene (Poison Ivy) Onoclea sensibilis L. (Sensitive Fem) Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott (Christmas Fem) ANNONACEAE (Custard-apple Family) Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. (Blunt-lobed Cliff Fem) Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal (Pawpaw) DENNSTAEDTIACEAE (Bracken Fem Family) APIACEAE (Parsley Family) Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Bracken Fem) Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz OPHIOGLOSSACEAE (Adder's-tongue Fem Family) Cicuta maculata L. (Spotted Cowbane) *Conium maculatum L. (Poison Hemlock) Botrychium dissectum Spreng. f. dissectum (Dissected Grape Fem) Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC. Botrychium dissectum Spreng. f. obliquum (Muhl.) Fem. (Oblique *Daucus carota L. (Wild Carrot) Grape Fem) Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. (Rattlesnake-master) Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. (Rattlesnake Fem) Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) Clark (Sweet Cicely) Osmorhiza longistylus (Torr.) DC. (Anise-root) OSMUNDACEAE (Royal Fem Family) *Pastinaca sativa L. (Parsnip) Sanicula canadensis L. (Canadian Snakeroot) Osmunda claytoniana L. (Interrupted Fem) Sanicula gregaria Bickn. (Common Snakeroot) Sanicula marilandica L. (Black Snakeroot) THELYPTERIDACEAE (Marsh Fem Family) Sium suave Walt. (Water-parsnip) Spermolepis inermis (Nutt.) Math. & Cronst. Thelypteris palustris (L.) Schott (Marsh Fern) Taenidia integerrima (L.) Drude (Yellow Pimpernel) Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. (Meadow-parsnip) PINOPHYTA Zizia aurea (L.) W.D.J. Koch (Golden Alexanders)

CUPRESSACEAE (Cypress Family) APOCYNACEAE (Dogbane Family)

Juniperus virginiana L. (Red Cedar) Apocynum androsaemifolium L. (Spreading Dogbane) Apocynum cannabinum L. (Indian Hemp) MAGNOLIOPHYTA Apocynum sibiricum Jacq. (Indian Hemp) Apocynum X medium Greene (A. androsaemifolium X cannabinum) MAGNOLIATAE (Dicots) ARALIACEAE (Ginseng Family) ACANTHACEAE (Acanthus Family) Aralia nudicaulis L. (Wild Sarsaprilla) !!Justicia americana (L.) Yahl. (Water Willow) Aralia racemosa L. (Spikenard) Ruellia humilis Nutt. (Wild Petunia) Panax quinquifolius L. (Ginseng) Ruellia strepens L. (Smooth Ruellia) ARISTOLOCHIACEAE (Birthwort Family) ACERACEAE (Maple Family) Asarum canadense L. (Wild Ginger) Acer negundo L. (Box-elder) Acer nigrum Michx. f. (Black Maple) ASCLEPIADACEAE (Milkweed Family) Acer saccharinum L. (Silver Maple) Asclepias amplexicaulis Sm. (Clasping Milkweed) AIZOACEAE (Carpetweed Family) Asclepias hirtella (Pennell) Woodson (Hairy Milkweed) Asclepias incarnata L. (Swamp Milkweed) *Mollugo verticillata L. (Carpetweed) Asclepias purpurescens L. (Purple Milkweed) Asclepias quadrifolia Jacq. (Four-leaved Milkweed) AMARANTHACEAE (Amaranth Family) Asclepias syriaca L. (Common Milkweed) Asclepias tuberosa L. (Butterfly Weed) Amaranthus a/bus L. (Pigweed) Asclepias verticillata L. (Whorled Milkweed) *Amaranthus graecizans L. (Prostrate Pigweed) Cynanchum laeve (Michx.) Pers. (Bluevine) *Amaranthus spinosus L. (Thorny Amaranth) Amaranthus tamariscinus (Nutt.) Wood (Water-hemp) (Aster Family) Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) J. D. Sauer (Water-hemp) Froelichiafloridana (Nutt.) Moq. (Cottonweed) *Achillea millefolium L. (Common Yarrow)

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162 PROC. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 88 (1981)

Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Common Ragweed) grossese"atus Martens (Serrate Sunflower) Ambrosiapsilostachya DC. var. coronopifolia (T. & G.) Farw. (Wes- Helianthus laetiflorus Pers. (Beautiful Sunflower) tern Ragweed) Helianthus occidentalis Riddell (Western Sunflower) Ambrosia trifida L. (Great Ragweed) Helianthus petiolaris Nutt. (Petioled Sunflower) Antennaria neglecta Greene (Field Pussytoes) Helianthus strumosus L. (Pale-leaved Wood Sunflower) Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards (Pussytoes) *Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem-artichoke) *Anthemis cotula L. (Stinking Chamomile) Heliopsis helianthodes (L.) Sweet (Ox-eye) *Arctium minus Schk. (Common Burdock) longipilum Torr. (Long-haired Hawkweed) Artemisia campestris L. ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem. (Worm- Hieracium scabrum Michx. (Rough Hawkweed) wood) Krigia biflora (Walt.) Blake (Two-flowered Dwarf Dandelion) Aster azureus Lindi. (Bright Blue Aster) Kuhnia eupatorioides L. (False Boneset) Aster cordifolius L. (Blue Wood Aster) Lactuca canadensis L. (Canadian Lettuce) Aster drummondii Lindi. (Drummond's Aster) *Lactuca serriola L. (Prickly Lettuce) Aster ericoides L. (Heath Aster) Liatris aspera Michx. (Rough Blazing Star) Aster laevis L. (Smooth Aster) Uatris cylindrica Michx. (Cylindrical Blazing Star) Aster lateriflorus (L.) Britt. (Side-flowered Aster) Liatris pycnostachya Michx. (Crowbed Blazing Star) Aster novae-angliae L. (New England Aster) *Matricaria matricarioides (Less.) Porter (Pine-apple Weed) Aster oblongifolius Nutt. (Aromatic Aster) Parthenium integrifolium L. (Wild Quinine) Aster ontarionis Wieg. (Ontario Aster) Polymnia canadensis L. (Leafcup) Aster pilosus Willd. (Heath Aster) Prenanthes alba L. (White Rattlesnake-root) Aster praealtus Poir. (Willow Aster) Prenanthes aspera Michx. (Harsh Rattlesnake-root) Aster puniceus L. (Swamp Aster) Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Bamh. (Prairie-coneflower) Aster sagittifolius Wedemeyer ex Willd. (Arrow-leaved Aster) Rudbeckia hirta L. (Black-eyed Susan) Aster sericeus Vent. (Silky Aster) Rudbeckia laciniata L. (Green-headed Coneflower) Aster shortii Lindi. (Short's Aster) Rudbeckia triloba L. (Thin-leaved Coneflower) Aster simplex Willd. (Panicled Aster) Senecio pauperculus Michx. (Balsam Ragwort) !!Aster turbinellus Lindi. (Frost-) Silphium integrifolium Michx. (Entire-leaved Rosinweed) bipinnata L. (Spanish Needles) Silphium laciniatum L. (Compass Plant) Bidens cernua L. (Stick-tights) Silphium perfoliatum L. (Cup Plant) Bidens comosa (Gray) Weig. (Beggar's-ticks) Solidago canadensis L. (Canadian Goldenrod) Bidens coronata (L.) Britt. (Bur-marigold) Solidago flexicaulis L. (Zigzag Goldenrod) Bidens frondosa L. (Beggar's-ticks) Solidago gigantea Ait. (Lat Goldenrod) Bidens polylepis Blake (Swamp Marigold) Solidago graminifolia (L.).Salisb. (Grass-leaved Goldenrod) Bidens vulgata Greene (Tall Beggar's-ticks) Solidago missouriensis Nutt. (Missouri Goldenrod) Boltonia asteroides (L.) L'Her. (Boltonia) Solidago nemoralis Ait. (Gray Goldenrod) Cacalia atriplicifolia L. (Pale Indian-plantain) Solidago rigida L. (Stiff Goldenrod) *Centaurea cyanus L. (Batchelor's-button) Solidago speciosa Nutt. (Showy Goldenrod) *Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (Ox-eye Daisy) Solidago ulmifolia Muhl. (Elm-leaved Goldenrod) *Cichorium intybus L. (Chichory) *Sonchus asper (L.) Hill (Spiny Sow-thistle) Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng. (Tall Thistle) *Sonchus oleraceus L. (Common Sow-thistle) *Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (Canada Thistle) *Tanacetum vulgare L. (Tansy) Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng. (Field Thistle) * laevigatum (Willd.) DC. (Red-seeded Dandelion) !!Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng. (Undulate Thistle) *Taraxacum officinale Weber (Common Dandelion) Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. (Horseweed) *Tragopogon dubius Scop. (Goat's Beard) Conyza ramosissima Cronq. (Horseweed) Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britt. (Wings-tern) *Coreopsis lanceolata L. (Lance-shaped Tickseed) baldwini Torr. (lronweed) Coreopsis palmata Nutt. (Stiff Tickseed) Vernoniafasciculata Michx. (Bunched Ironweed) Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc. (Fetid Marigold) Vernonia gigantea (Walter) Trel. (Tall Ironweed) Echinacea pallida Nutt. (Purple Coneflower) Vernonia missurica Raf. (Missouri Ironweed) Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. (Yerba de Tajo) Vernonia baldwini Xfasciculata Erechtites hieracifolia (L.) Raf. (Pilewort) Vernonia fasciculata X gigantea *Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (Daisy Fleabane) *Xanthium spinosum L. (Spiny Cocklebur) Erigeron philadelphicus L. (Common Fleabane) Xanthium strumarium L. (Cockle-bur) *Erigeron strigosus Muhl. (Daisy Fleabane) Eupatorium altissimum L. (Thoroughwort) BALSAMINACEAE (Touch-me-not Family) Eupatorium perfoliatum L. (Boneset) Eupatorium purpureum L. (Sweet-stemmed Joe-Pye-weed) Impatiens biflora Walt. (Spotted Touch-me-not) Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. (White Snakeroot) Impatiens pallida Nutt. (Pale Touch-me-not) Eupatorium serotinum Michx. (Late Flowering Snakeroot) *Galinsoga ciliata (Raf.) Blake (Hairy Galinsoga) BERBERIDACEAE (Barberry Family) Gnaphalium obtusifolium L. (Everlasting) Gnaphalium purpureum L. (Purple Cudweed) *Berberis thunbergii DC. (Japanese Barberry) Helenium autumnale L. (Sneezeweed) *Berberis vulgaris L. (Common Barberry) L. (Common Sunflower) Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. (Blue Cohosh) https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol88/iss4/6 4 Peck et al.: A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Lee County, Iowa

VASCULAR FLORA OF LEE COUNTY 163

Pod

BETULACEAE (Birch Family) CAPRIFOLIACEAE (Honeysuckle Family)

Betula nigra L. (River Birch) Lonicera dioica L. var. dioica (Wild Honeysuckle) Cory/us americana Walt. (American Hazel) Lonicera dioica L. var. glaucescens (Rydb.) Butters (Wild Honey- Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch (Hop Hornbeam) suckle) Lonicera prolifera (Kirchn.) Rehd. (Wild Grape-honeysuckle) Sambucus canadensis L. (Common Elder) BIGNONIACEAE (Catalpa Family) Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Moench. (Coralberry) Triosteum aurantiacum (Bickn.) Wieg. (Wild Coffee) Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. (Trumpet-creeper) Triosteum perfoliatum L. (Tinker's Weed) *Catalpa speciosa Warder (Cigar-tree) Viburnum dentatum L. (Southern Arrow-wood) Viburnum lentago L. (Nannyberry) (Borage Family) ! !Viburnum prunifolium L. (Blackhaw)

*Cynoglossum officinale L. (Hound's-tongue) CARYOPHYLLACEAE (Pink Family) *Echium vulgare L. (Blue-weed) deflexa (Wahl.) Opiz (Beggar's Lice) *Agrostemma githago L. (Com-cockle) Hackelia virginiana (L.) Johnst. (Stickseed) Arenaria lateriflora L. (Grove Sandwort) *Lappula myosotis Moench (European Stickseed) Cerastium nutans Raf. (Nodding Mouse-ear Chickweed) *Lithospermum arvense L. (Com-gromwell) *Cerastium vulgatum L. (Common Mouse-ear Chickweed) Lithospermum caroliniense (J.F. Gmel.) MacM. (Puccoon) *Dianthus armeria L. (Carnation) Mertensia virginiana (L.) Pers. (Bluebells) *Lychnis alba Miller (White Campion) Myosotis verna Nutt. (Scorpion-grass) Paronychia canadensis (L.) Wood (Forked Chickweed) Paronychiafastigata (Raf.) Fem. (Forked Chickweed) (Mustard Family) *Saponaria officinalis L. (Soapwort) Silene antirrhina L. (Sleepy Catch-fly) Arabis canadensis L. (Sickle-pod) Silene nivea (Nutt.) Otth. (Snowy Campion) *Barbarea vulgaris R. Br. (Yellow Rocket) *Silene cserei Baumg. (Bladder-campion) *Brassica juncea (L.) Coss. (Chinese Mustard) Silene stellata (L.) Ait.f. (Stary Campion) *Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Black Mustard) *Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo (Common Chickweed) *Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. (Shepherd's Purse) Cardamine pensylvanica Muhl. (Bitter Cress) CELASTRACEAE (Staff-tree Family) Dentaria laciniata Muhl. (Toothwort) Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. (Tansy-mustard) Celastrus scandens L. (Bittersweet) Draba reptans (Lam.) Fem. (Whitlow Grass) Euorrymus atropurpureus Jacq. (Wahoo) *Erysimum cheiranthoides L. (Wormed Mustard) *Erysimum repandum L. (Treacle Mustard) CERATOPHYLLACEAE (Homwort Family) *Lepidium campestre (L.) R. Br. (Cow-cress) *Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. (Peppergrass) Ceratophyllum demersum L. (Coontail) Lepidium virginicum L. (Poor-man's Pepper) islandica (Oeder) Borbas (Yellow Cress) CHENOPODIACEAE (Goosefoot Family) Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) Hitchc. (Sessile-flowered Yellow Cress) *Sisymbrium altissimim L. (Tumble Mustard) *Chenopodium album L. (Lamb's-quarter) *Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (Hedge Mustard) *Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (Mexican Tea) *Thlaspi arvense L. (Penny Cress) *Chenopodium botrys L. (Jerusalem-oak) Chenopodium desiccatum Nelson (Slender-leaved Goosefoot) CAMPANULACEAE (Bluebelle Family) Chenopodium standleyanum Aellen (Standley's Goosefoot) Cycloloma atriplicifolium (Spreng.) Coult. (Winged Pigweed) Campanula americana L. (Tall Bellflower) Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (Summer Cypress) Labelia cardinalis L. (Cardinal Flower) *Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau (Russian-thistle) Lobelia inflata L. (Indian-tobacco) Lobelia spicata Lam. (Pale Lobelia) CIST ACEAE (Rockrose Family) Lobelia syphilitica L. (Great Blue Lobelia) Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. (Venus's Looking-glass) ! 'Lechea mucronata Raf. (Pinweed) Lechea tenuifolia Michx. (Slender Pinweed) CANNABINACEAE (Hemp Family) CONVOLVULACEAE *Cannabis sativa L. (Hemp) *Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. (Japanese Hops) *Convolvulus arvensis L. (Field Bindweed) Humulus lupulus L. (Common Hops) Convolvulus sepium L. (Wild Morning Glory) *Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. (Ivy-leaved Morning-glory) CAPPARIDACEAE (Caper Family) lpomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Meyer (Wild Sweet-potato)

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164 PROC. IOWA ACAD. SCI. 88 (1981)

*Jpomoea purpurea (L.) Roth (Common Morning-glory) Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. (Panicled Tick-trefoil) !!Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) T. & G. (Sessile-leaved Tick-tre- (Dogwood Family) foil) Gledtsia tricanthos L. (Honey locust) drummondii Meyer (Rough-leaved Dogwood) Gymnocladus dioica (L.) K. Koch (Kentucky Coffeebean-tree) Cornus obliqua Raf. (Silky Dogwood) Lespedeza capitata Michx. (Bush Clover) Cornus racemosa Lam. (Gray Dogwood) *Lespedeza stipulacea Maxim. (Korean Clover) Cornus rugosa Lam. (Round-leaved Dogwood) Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers. (Violet Bush Clover) Lespedeza virginica (L.) Britt. (Virginia Bush Clover) *Lotus corniculatus L. (Birdsfoot-trefoil) CUCURBITACEAE (Gourd Family) *Medicago lupulina L. (Black Medic) *Medicago officinalis L. (Alfalfa) Cucurbitafoetidissima HBK. (Fetid Wild Pumpkin) *Medicago sativa L. (Alfalfa) *Cucurbita maxima Duchesne (Squash) *Melilotus alba Desr. (White Sweet-clover) Sicyos angulatus L. (Bur Cucumber) *Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam. (Yellow Sweet-clover) Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. (Purple Prairie-clover) CUSCUT ACEAE (Dodder Family) ! !Psoralea onobrychis Nutt. (Scurf-pea) Psoralea tenuijlora Pursh (Scurf-pea) Cuscuta cephalanthi Englm. (Dodder) Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Black Locust) Cuscuta glomerata Choisy (Dodder) Strophostyles helvola (L.) Ell. (Yellowish Wild Bean) Cuscuta gronovii Willd. (Dodder) Strophostyles leiosperma (T. & G.) Piper (Smooth-seeded Wild Bean) Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. (Dodder) Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. (Goat's-rue) *Trifolium campestre Schreb. (Low Hop-clover) DIPSACACEAE (Teasel Family) *Trifolium hybridum L. (Alsike Clover) *Trifolium pratense L. (Red Clover) *Dipsacus sylvestris Huds. (Teasel) *Trifolium repens L. (White Clover) *Vicia villosa Roth (Hairy Vetch) EBENACEAE (Ebony Family) FAGACEAE (Beech Family) *Diospyrus virginiana L. (Persimmon)

EUPHORBIACEAE (Spurge Family) *Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (American Chestnut) Quercus alba L. (White Oak) Acalypha gracilens Gray (Slender Three-seeded Mercury) Quercus bicolor Willd. (Swamp White Oak) Acalypha rhomboidea Raf. (Three-seeded Mercury) Quercus borealis Michx. f. (Northern Red Oak) Acalypha virginica L. (Virginia Three-seeded Mercury) Quercus imbricaria Michx. (Shingle Oak) *Croton capitatus Michx. (Hogwort) Quercus macrocarpa Michx. (Bur Oak) Croton glandulosus L. (Glandular Croton) Quercus marilandica Muenchh. (Blackjack Oak) Croton monanthogynus Michx. (Prairie Tea) Quercus muehlenbergii Engelm. (Chestnut Oak) Euphorbia corollata L. (Flowering Spurge) Quercus palustris Muenchh. (Pin Oak) *Euphorbia cyparissius L. (Cypress Spurge) !Quercus stellata Wang. (Post Oak) Euphorbia dentata Michx. (Toothed Spurge) Quercus velutina Lam. (Black Oak) L. (Eyebane) Quercus X bushii Sarg. (Q. marilandica X velutina) Euphorbia supina Raf. (Milk-purslane) Quercus Xfernowi Trel. (Q. alba X stellata) FUMARIACEAE (Fumewort Family) FABACEAE (Legume Family) Corydalis micrantha (Engelm.) Gray (Slender Fumewort) Amorpha canescens Pursh (Leadplant) Dicentra cucullaria (L.) Bernh. (Dutchman's Breeches) Amorpha fruticosa L. (False-indigo) Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern. (Hog-peanut) GENTIACEAE (Gentian Family) Apios americana Medic. (Groundnut) Astragalus canadensis L. (Milk-vetch) Gentiana alba Muhl. (Yellowish Gentian) Astragalus distortus T. & G. (Twisted Vetch) ! !Sabatia campestris Nutt. ( Gentian) Baptisia leucantha T. & G. (White False Indigo) Baptisia leucophaea Nutt. (Cream-colored False Indigo) GERANIACEAE (Geranium Family) Cercis canadensis L. (Redbud) Cassia fasciculata Michx. (Partridge-pea) Geranium carolinianum L. (Carolina Cranesbill) Crotalaria sagittalis L. (Rattle-box) Geranium maculatum L. (Wild Cranesbill) Dalea leporina (Ait.) Bull. (Foxtail Dalea) Desmodium canescens (L.) DC. (Hoary Tick-trefoil) HALORAGRACEAE (Water-milfoil Family) Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl.) Loud. (Long-leaved Tick-trefoil) Desmodium glutinosum (Muhl.) Wood (Tick-trefoil) Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Water-milfoil) Desmodium illinoense Gray (Illinois Tick-trefoil) Desmodium nudijlorum (L.) DC. (Naked Tick-trefoil) HIPPOCASTANACEAE (Horse-chestnut Family) https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol88/iss4/6 6 Peck et al.: A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Lee County, Iowa

VASCULAR FLORA OF LEE COUNTY 165

Aesculus glabra Willd. (Ohio Buckeye) ! !Linum medium (Planch.) Britt. (Wild Flax) *Linum usitatissimum L. (Cultivated Flax) HYDROPHYLLACEAE (Waterleaf Family) L YTHRACEAE (Loosestrife Family) Ellisia nyctelea L. (Wild Tomato) appendiculatum Michx. (Appended Waterleaf) !!Cuphea petiolata (L.) Koehne (Waxweed) Hydrophyllum virginianum L. (Virginia Waterleaf) Lythrum dacotanum Nieuwl. (Loosestrife) Peplis diandra Nutt. (Water-purslane) !!Rotala ramosior (L.) Koehne. (Tooth-cup) HYPERICACEAE (St. John's-wort Family) MALV ACEAE (Mallow Family) Hypericum mutilum L. (Dwarf St. John's-wort) Hypericum punctatum Lam. (Spotted St. John's-wort) • Abuti/on theophrasti Medic. (Velvet-) Hypericum pyrimidatum Ait. (Great St. John's-wort) *Althea rosea (L.) Cav. (Hollyhock) Hypericum spathulatum (Spach.) Steudel (Robust St. John's-wort) Callirhoe involucrata (T. & G.) Gray (Poppy Mallow) Hypericum sphaerocarpum Michx. (Round-seeded St. John's-wort) Hibiscus militaris Cav. (Halbard Rose Mallow) * moschata L. (Musk Mallow) JUGLANDACEAE (Walnut Family) *Malva neglecta Wallr. (Cheeses) *Malva rotundifolia L. (Round-leaved Mallow) Carya cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch (Bitternut Hickory) *Sida spinosa L. (Prickly Mallow) Carya illinoensis (Wang.) K. Koch (Pecan) Carya lacinosa (Michx. f.) Loud. (Kingnut Hickory) MENISPERMACEAE (Moonseed Family) Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch (Shagbark Hickory) Carya tomentosa Nutt. (Mockernut Hickory) Menispermum canadense L. (Moonseed) Carya X nussbaumeri Sarg. (C. illinoensis X lacinosa) Jug/ans cinerea L. (Butternut) MONOTROPACEAE (Indian-pipe Family) Jug/ans nigra I. (Black Walnut) Monotropa hypopithys L. (False Beech-drops) LAMIACEAE (Mint Family) MORACEAE (Mulberry Family) Agastache nepetoides (L.) Ktze. (Yellow Giant Hyssop) IJJlephila ciliata (L.) Benth. (Pagoda Plant) *Madura pomifera (Raf.) Schneid. (Osage Orange) Blephila hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. (Hairy Wood Mint) *Morus alba L. (White Mulberry) *Glecoma hederacea L. (Ground-ivy) Morus rubra L. (Red Mulberry) Hedeoma hispida Pursh (Mock Pennyroyal) Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. (American Pennyroyal) NELUMBONACEAE *Lamium amplexicaule L. (Henbit) *Leonurus cardiaca L. (Common Mothwort) Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. (American Lotus) Lycopus americanus Muhl. (Common Water Horehound) Lycopus virginicus L. (Bugle Weed) NYCTAGINACEAE (Four-O'clock Family) *Marrubium vulgare L. (Common Horehound) Mentha arvensis L. (Field Mint) Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. (Wild Four-O'clock) *Mentha gentilis L. (Red Mint) *Monarda didyma L. (Oswego-tea) NYMPHAEACEAE (Waterlily Family) Monarda fistulosa L. (Wild Bergamot) Monarda punctata L. (Dotted Monarda) Nyphaea tuberosa Paine (White Waterlily) *Nepeta cataria L. (Catnip) Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. OLEACEAE (Olive Family) Prunella vulgaris L. (Heal-all) Pycnanthemum tenuifolium Schrad. (Narrow-leaved Mountain Mint) Fraxinus americana L. (White Ash) Pycnanthemum pilosum Nutt. (Hairy Mountain Mint) Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (Black Ash) Scutellaria lateriflora L. (Mad-dog Skullcap) Fraxinus pensylvanica Marsh. (Green Ash) Scutellaria ovata Hill (Skullcap) !Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. (Blue Ash) Scutellaria parvula Michx. (Small Skullcap) Stachys palustris L. (Woundwort) Stachys tenuifolia Willd. (Narrow-leaved Hedge Nettle) ONAGRACEAE (Evening Primrose Family) Teucrium canadense L. (American Germander) Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Ascherson & Magnus (En- chanter's Nightshade) LAURACEAE (Laurel Family) Epilobium coloratum Muhl. (Cinnamon Willow-herb) Gaura biennis L. (Biennial Gaura) !!Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees. (Sassafras) *Gaura parviflora Dougl. (Sparse-flowered Gaura) Ludwigia alterniflora L. (Seedbox) LINACEAE Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. (Marsh Purslane)

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Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter (False Loosestrife) scandens L. (Climbing False-buckwheat) Oenothera biennis L. (Evening Primrose) Polygonum tenue Michx. (Knotweed) Oenothera laciniata Hill (Evening Primrose) Polygonum virginianum L. (Jumpseed) Oenothera parvijlora L. (Small-flowered Evening Primrose) *Rumex acetosella L. (Sheep-sorrel) Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. (Sand Primrose) Rumex altissimus Wood (Pale Dock) *Rumex crispus L. (Curly Dock) OROBANCHACEAE (Broom-rape Family) Rumex maritimus L. (Dock) Rumex orbiculatus Gray (Water Dock) Orobanche unijlora L. (Cancer-root) *Rumex patientia L. (Patience Dock) Rumex verticillatus L. (Swamp Dock) OXALIDACEAE (Wood-sorrel Family) PORTULACACEAE (Purslane Family) Oxalis dillenii Jacq. (Wood-sorrel) Oxalis stricta L. (Yellow Wood-sorrel) Claytonia virginica L. (Spring Beauty) Oxalis violacea L. (Violet Wood-sorrel) *Portulaca oleracea L. (Common Purslane)

PAPAVERACEAE (Poppy Family) (Primrose Family)

Sanguinaria canadensis L. (Bloodroot) occidentalis Pursh (Western Rock Jasmine) Lysimachia ciliata L. (Fringed Loosestrife) PHRYMACEAE (Lopseed Family) Lysimachia hybrida Michx. (Loosestrife) *Lysimachia nummularia L. (Moneywort) Phyrma leptostachya L. (Lopseed) Lysimachia thyrsijlora L. (Tufted Loosestrife)

PHYTOLACCACEAE (Pokeweed Family) (Crowfoot Family) Phytolacca americana L. (Pokeweed) Actea pachypoda Ell. (White Baneberry) Actea rubra (Ait.) Willd. (Red Baneberry) (Plantain Family) Anemone canadensis L. (Meadow Anemone) Anemone quinquefolia L. (Wood Anemone) aristata Michx. (Bracted Plantain) Anemone virginiana L. (Thimbleweed) *Plantago lanceolata L. (English Plantain) Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach (Rue Anemone) * L. (Common Plantain) Aquilegia canadensis L. (Columbine) Plantago patagonica Jacq. (Salt-and-pepper Plant) Clematis pitcheri T. & G. (Leather Flower) Plantago rugelii Dene. (Rugel's Plantain) carolinianum Walt. (Blue Larkspur) Plantago virginica L. (Hoary Plantain) Delphinium tricorne Michx. (Rock Larkspur) Delphinium virescens Nutt. (Prairie Larkspur) PLATANACEAE (Plane-tree Family) Hepatica acutiloba DC. (Liverleaf) !Hydrastis canadensis L. (Goldenseal) Platanus occidentalis L. (Sycamore) Myosurus minimus L. (Mousetail) Ranunculus abortivus L. (Small-flowered Crowfoot) POLEMONIACEAE (Polemonium Family) Ranunculus fascicularis Muhl. (Early Crowfoot) Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. (Yellow Water-crowfoot) Phlox divaricata L. (Blue Phlox) Ranunculus scleratus L. (Cursed Crowfoot) Phlox maculata L. (Wild Sweet William) Ranunculatus septentrionalis Poir. (Northern Buttercup) Phlox pilosa L. (Phlox) Thalictrum dasycarpum Fisch. & Ave-Lall (Purple Meadow-rue) Polemonium reptans L. (Jacob's Ladder) Thalictrum dioicum L. (Early Meadow-rue) !Thalictrum revolutum DC. (Wax Meadow-rue) POL YGALACEAE (Milkwort Family) RHAMNACEAE (Buckthorn Family) Polygala sanguinea L. (Field Milkwort)

POL YGONACEAE (Buckwheat Family) Ceanothus americanus L. (New Jersey Tea) Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh (Lance-leaved Buckthorn) *Polygonum arenastrum ford. (Knotweed) Polygonum coccineum Muhl. (Water Smartweed) (Rose Family) *Polygonum convolvulus L. (Black Bindweed) Polygonum hydropiper L. (Common Smartweed) Agrimonia gryposepala Wallr. (Agrimony) Polygonum lapathifolium L. (Pale Smartweed) Agrimonia parvijlora Ait. (Agrimony) Polygonum pensylvanicum L. (Pinkweed) Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. (Downy Agrimony) *Polygonum persicaria L. (Lady's-thumb) Amelanchier arborea (Michx. f.) Fem. (Shadbush) Polygonum punctatum Ell. (Knotweed) Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fem. (Goat's Beard) Polygonum ramossissimum Michx. (Bushy Knotweed) Crateagus crus-galli L. (Cockspur Hawthorn) Polygonum sagittatum L. (Arrow-leaved Tearthumb) Crataegus cuneiformus (Marsh.) Eggleston (Hawthorn) https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol88/iss4/6 8 Peck et al.: A Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Lee County, Iowa

VASCULAR FLORA OF LEE COUNTY 167

Crataegus margarena Ashe (Margaret's Hawthorn) Penthorum sedoides L. (Ditch Stonecrop) Crataegus mollis (T. & G.) Sheele (Red Hawthorn) Ribes missouriense Nutt. (Missouri Gooseberry) Fragaria virginiana Dene. (Wild Strawberry) Geum laciniatum Murr. (Rough Avens) Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim. (Ninebark) SCROPHULARIACEAE (Figwort Family) Potentilla arguta Pursh (Tall Cinquefoil) Potentilla rivalis Nutt. (River Cinquefoil) Aureolaria grandifolia (Benth.) Pennell (False Foxglove) Potentilla simplex Michx. (Old-field Cinquefoil) Baco!'a .rot""'!ifolia (Michx.) Wettst. (Water Hyssop) ! !Prunus hortulana Baily (Hortulan Plum) Cast1lle1a cocmnea (L.) Spreng. (Indian Paint Brush) *Prunus mahaleb L. (Mahaleb Cherry) *Chaeno"hinum minus (L.) Lange (Dwarf Snapdragon) Prunus serotina Ehrh. (Black Cherry) !!Chelone obliqua L. (Pink Turtlehead) Prunus virginiana L. (Choke Cherry) !!Conobea multifida (Michx.) Bentham (Conobea) *Pyrus communis L. (Pear) Gerardia auriculata Michx. (Foxglove) Pyrus ioensis (Wood) Bailey (Wild Crabapple) Gerardia tenuifolia Yahl (Slender False Foxglove) *Pyrus malus L. (Cultivated Apple) Gratiola virginiana L. (Round-fruited Hedge Hyssop) Rosa arkansana Port. (Arkansas Rose) *Linaria vulgaris Hill (Butter and Eggs) L. (Sunshine Wild Rose) Lindernia anagallidea (Michx.) Pennell Rosa setigera Michx. (Prairie Rose) Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell (False Pimpernel) !Mimulus alatus Rosa virginiana Mill (Virginian Rose) Ait. (Monkey Flower) Mimulus ringens L. Rosa X rudiuscula Greene (R. arkansana X carolina) (Allegheny Monkey Flower) Pedicularis canadensis L. Rubus allegheniensis Porter (Common Blackberry) (Common Lousewort) Penstemon digitalis Nutt. (Foxglove Penstemon) Rubus jlagellaris L. (Northern Dewberry) Penstemon pallidus Small (Pale Bearded-tongue) Rubus occidentalis L. (Black Raspberry) Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh (Early Figwort) Spirea alba Du Roi (Meadow Sweet) Scrophularia marilandica L. (Late Figwort) •verbascum blattaria L. (Moth Mullein) RUBIACEAE (Madder Family) •verbascum phlomoides L. (Mullein) *Verbascum thapsus L. (Common Mullein) Cephalanthus occidentalis L. (Buttonbush) !! americana (Raf.) Schw. (American Brooklime) *Diodia teres Walt. (Buttonweed) •veronica arvensis L. (Com Speedwell) Galium aparine L. (Spring-cleavers) Veronica peregrina L. (Purslane Speedwell) Galium circaezans Michx. (Wild-licorice) Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw. (Culver's-root) Galium concinnum T. & G. (Shining Bedstraw) Galium obtusum Bigel. (Wild Madder) SIMAROUBACEAE (Quassia Family) Galium tinctorum L. (Stiff Bedstraw) Galium trijlorum Michx. (Sweet-scented Bedstraw) • Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Tree-of-heaven)

SOLANACEAE (Nightshade Family) RUTACEAE (Rue Family) • Datura stramonium L. (Jimsonweed) Ptelea trifoliata L. (Water-ash) Physalis heterophylla Nees (Ground-cherry) Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. (Northern Prickly-ash) Physalis virginiana Mill. (Ground-cherry) *Solanum americanum Mill. (Black Night-shade) SAUCACEAE (Willow Family) *Solanum carolinense L. (Horse-nettle) • Solanum dulcamara L. (European Bittersweet) *Populus alba L. (Silver-leaved Poplar) • Solanum rostratum Dunal (Buffalo-bur) *Populus alba X grandidentata (Sharon Poplar; Shimek Poplar) Populus deltoides Marsh. (Cottonwood) STAPHYLEACEAE (Bladdernut Family) Populus grandidentata Michx. (Large-toothed Aspen) Populus tremuloides Michx. (Quaking Aspen) Staphylea trifolia L. (Bladdernut) Salix amygdaloides Anderss. (Peach-leaved Willow) Salix discolor Muhl. (Large Pussy Willow) TIUACEAE (Linden Family) Salix humilis Marsh. (Prairie Willow) Salix interior Rowlee (Sandbar Willow) Tilia americana L. (Basswood) Salix nigra L. (Black Willow) Salix rigida Muhl. (Heart-leaved Willow) ULMACEAE (Elm Family)

SANTALACEAE (Sandalwood Family) Celtis occidentalis L. (Hackberry) Ulmus americana L. (American Elm) Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. (Bastard Toadflax) *Ulmus pumila L. (Siberian Elm) Ulmus rubra Muhl. (Slippery Elm) SAXIFRAGACEAE (Saxifrage Family) Ulmus thomasi Sarg. (Cork Elm)

Heuchera richardsonii R. Br. (Alumroot) URTICACEAE (Nettle Family

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Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw. (Bog-Hemp) Carex albursina Sheldon (White Bear Sedge) Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. (Wood Nettle) Carex annectens Bickn. (Connecting Sedge) Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl. (Pellitory) Carex atherodes Spreng. (Slough Sedge) Pilea pumila (L.) Gray (Clearweed) Carex bicknellii Britt. (Bicknell's Sedge) Urtica dioica L. (Stinging Nettle) Carex blanda Dewey (Woodland Sedge) Carex brevior (Dew.) Mackenz. (Fescue Sedge) VERBENACEAE (Vervain Family) ! !Carex bushii Mackenz. (Bush Sedge) Carex cephalophora Muhl. (Woodbank Sedge) Lippia lanceolata Michx. (Fog-) Carex conjuncta Boott (Joined Sedge) Verbena bracteata Lag. & Rohr. (Bracted Vervain) Carex crinita Lam. (Long-haired Sedge) Verbena hastata L. (Blue Vervain) Carex cristatella Britt. (Dense-flowered Sedge) Verbena stricta Vent. (Hoary Vervain) Carex crus-corvi Shuttlew. (Crow-spur Sedge) Verbena urticifolia L. (White Vervain) Carex davisii Schw. & Torr. (Davis' Sedge) Carex festucacea Willd. (Fescue Sedge) VIOLACEAE (Violet Family) Carexfrankii Kunth (Frank's Sedge) Carex granularis Muhl. (Meadow Sedge) Viola missouriensis Greene (Missouri Violet) Carex gravida L.H. Bailey (Heavy Sedge) Viola pedata L. (Pansy Violet) Carex grayii Carey (Gray's Sedge) Viola pratincola Greene (Common Blue Violet) Carex hirsutella Mackenz. (Flattened Sedge) Viola pubescens Ait. (Smooth Yellow Violet) Carex hirtifolia Mackenz. (Hairy-leaved Sedge) Viola rafinesquii Greene (Field Pansy) Carex jamesii Schw. (James' Sedge) Viola sagittata Ait. (Arrow-leaved Violet) Carex laeviconica Dewey (Smooth-coned Sedge) Viola sororia Willd. (Downy Blue Violet) Carex laevivaginata (Kukenth.) Mackenz. (Smooth-sheathed Sedge) Viola sagittata X sororia Carex lanuginosa Michx. (Wooly Sedge) Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh. (Hairy Sedge) VITACEAE (Grape Family) Carex laxijlora Lam. (Drooping Sedge) Carex leavenworthii Dewey (Leavenworth's Sedge) !!Ampelopsis cordata Michx. (Raccoon Grape) Carex lupuliformis Sartw. (Hop-like Sedge) Parthenocissus quinquifolia (L.) Planch. (Virginia Creeper) Carex lupulina Muhl. (Hop Sedge) Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) Hitchc. (Woodbine) Carex lurida Wahl. (Sallow Sedge) !!Vitis baileyana Munson (Possum Grape) Carex meadii Dew. (Mead's Sedge) Vitis cinerea Engelm. (Winter Grape) Carex molesta Mackenz. (Troublesome Sedge) Vitis riparia Michx. (Riverbank Grape) Carex muhlenbergii Schkuhr. (Muhlenberg's Sedge) Vitis vulpina L. (Frost Grape) Carex muskingumensis Schw. (Muskingum's Sedge) Carex normalis Mackenz. (Right-angled Sedge) ZYGOPHYLLACEAE (Caltrop Family) Carex pensylvanica Lam. (Pensylvania Sedge) . Carex rosea Schkuhr. (Rose-like Sedge) *Tribulus terrestris L. (Caltrop) Carex scoparia Schkuhr. (Broom Sedge) Carex shortiana Dewey (Short's Sedge) MAGNOUATAE: UUATAE (Monocots) Carex sparganioides Muhl. (Bur-like Sedge) Carex squarrosa L. (Wide-spreading Sedge) AUSMATACEAE (Water-plantain Family) Carex stipata Muhl. (Saw-beak Sedge) Carex stricta Lam. (Tussock Sedge) Alisma subcordatum Raf. (Water-plantain) Carex tenella Schukuhr. (Two-seeded Sedge) Echinodorus rostratus (Nutt.) Engelm. (Beaded Burhead) Carex tenera Dewey (Slender Sedge) Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G. Smith (Arrowhead) !!Carex tonsa (Fem.) Bickn. (Deep Green Sedge) Sagittaria graminea Michx. (Grass-like Arrowhead) Carex tribuloides Wahl. (Angled Sedge) Sagittaria latifolia Willd. (Common Arrowhead) Carex typhina Michx. (Cat-tail Sedge) Sagittaria rigida Pursh (Narrow Arrowhead) Carex vulpinoidea Michx. (Foxtail Sedge) Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. (Tapered Sedge) ARACEAE (Arum Family) Cyperus aristatus Rottb. (Sedge) Cyperus erythrorhiws Muhl. (Red-rooted Sedge) Acorus calamus L. (Sweet Flag) *Cyperus esculentus L. (Yellow Nutsedge) Arisaema dracontium (L.) Schott (Green Dragon) Cyperus filiculmis Vahl. (Fem Flatsedge) Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott (Jack-in-the-pulpit) Cyperus odoratus L. (Fragrant Sedge) Cyperus rivularis Kunth. (Brook Flatsedge) Cyperus schweinitzii Torr. (Schweinitz's Flatsedge) COMMEUNIACEAE (Spiderwort Family) Cyperus strigosus L. (False Nutgrass) Eleocharis acicularis (L.) R. & S. (Needle-shaped Spike-rush) *Commelina communis L. (Common Day Flower) Eleocharis compressa Sulliv. (Flattened Spike-rush) Commelina erecta L. (Day Flower) Eleocharis erythropoda Steud. (Red-footed Spikerush) Tradescantia ohiensis Raf. (Common Spiderwort) Eleocharis macrostachya Britt. (Marsh Spike-rush) Eleocharis obtusa (Willd.) Schultes (Needle Spike-rush) CYPERACEAE (Sedge Family) Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schultes (Slender Spikerush)

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Scirpus americanus Pers. (Three-square Rush) Najas flexilis (Willd.) Rostk. & Schmidt (Naiad) Scirpus atrovirens Willd. (Dark Green Bulrush) Najas guadelupensis (Spreng.) Magnus (Naid) Scirpus cyperinus (L.) Kunth (Woolgrass). Scirpus fluviatilis (Torr.) A. Gray (River Bulrush) Scirpus georgianus Harper (George's Rush) ORCHIDACEAE (Orchid Family) Scirpus pendulus Muhl. (Drooping Rush) Scirpus validus Yahl. (Soft-stemmed Bulrush) Cypripedium ca/ceotus L. (Yellow Lady's Slipper) !!Habenaria lacera (Michx.) Lodd. (Ragged Orchid) DIOSCOREACEAE (Yam Family) Liparis lilifolia (L.) Rich. (Lilia-leaved Twayblade)

Dioscorea villosa L. (Wild Yam) POACEAE (Grass Family)

HYDROCHARITACEAE (Fog's-bit Family) *Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv. (Quack Grass) Agropyron smithii Rydb. (Wheat-grass) Elodea nuttalii (Planch.) St. John (Nuttall's Waterweed) * gigantea Roth (Redtop) !!Vallisneria americana Michx. (Tape grass) Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) BSP. (Tickle Grass) Agrostis perennans (Walt.) Tuckerm. (Autumn Bent Grass) IRIDACEAE (Iris Family) Alopecurus carolinianus Walt. (Carolina Foxtail) Andropogon gerardii Vitman (Big Bluestem) *Belamcandra chiensis (L.) DC. (Blackberry-lily) Andropogon scoparius Michx. (Little Bluestem) Iris virginica L. (Southern Blue Flag) Aristida dichotoma Michx. (Poverty-grass) Sisyrinchium angustifolium Mill. (Narrow-leaved Blue-eyed Grass) Aristida longespica Poir. (Triple-awned Grass) Sisyrinchium campestre Bickn. (Plains Blue-eyed Grass) Aristida oligantha Michx. (Triple-awned Grass) Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. (Sea-beach Needlegrass) JUNCACEAE (Rush Family) *Avena sativa L. (Cultivated Oats) Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. (Side-oats Orama) Juncus acuminatus Michx. (Bog Rush) Brachyelytrum erectum (Schreb.) Beauv. (Bearded Shorthusk) Juncus balticus Willd. (Baltic Rush) *Bromus inermis Leyss. (Smooth Brome) ! !.luncus bufonius L. (Toad Rush) *Bromus japonicus Thunb. (Japanese Chess) ! !.luncus effusus L. (Soft Rush) Bromus pubescens Muhl. ex Willd. (Brome Grass) Juncus interior Wieg. (Inland Rush) *Bromus secalinus L. (Cheat) Juncus tenuis Willd. (Path Rush) *Bromus tectorum L. (Downy Chess) Juncus torreyi Cor. (Torrey's Rush) Calamagrostis canadensis (Michx.) Beauv. (Blue Joint) Luzula campestris (L.) DC. (Field Woodrush) Cenchrus longispinus (Hack.) Fem. (Field Sandbur) *Chloris verticillata Nutt. (Windmill Grass) LEMNACEAE (Duckweed Family) Cinna arundinacea L. (Wood Reedgrass) *Dactylis glomerata L. (Orchard Grass) Lemna minor L. {Common Duckweed) *Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv. (Poverty Oatgrass) Lemna trisulca L. (Star Duckweed) Diarrhena americana Beauv. Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. (Water-flaxseed) Digitaria filiformis (L.) Koeler (Finger Grass) Wo/jfia columbiana Karst. (Water-meal) *Digitaria ischaemum (Schreb.) Muhl. (Smooth Crab Grass) Wo/jfia punctata Grieseb. (Water-meal) *Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. (Common Grass) Echinoch/oa muricata (Beauv .) Fem. (Barnyard Grass) LIUACEAE (Lily Family) Echinochloa crusgallii (L.) Beauv. (Barnyard Grass) Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. (Goosegrass) Allium canadense L. (Wild Garlic) Elymus canadensis L. (Nodding Wild Rye) •Asparagus officinalis L. (Asparagus) Elymus vil/osus Muhl. (Slender Wild Rye) *Hemerocallis fulva L. (Asian Daylily) Elymus virginicus L. (Virginia Wild Rye) Hypoxis hirsuta (L.) Cov. (Yellow Star-grass) *Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link (Stink Grass) Lilium michiganense Farw. (Michigan Lily) Eragrostisfrankii C.A. Mey. var.frankii (Love Grass) Polygonatum bijlorum (Walt.) Ell. (Small Solomon's-seal) Eragrostis frankii C.A. Mey. var brevipes Fassett (Love Grass) Polygonatum pubescens (Wild.) Pursh (Large Solomon's-seal) Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B.S.P. (Pony Grass) Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. (Large False Solomon's-seal) Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees (Lovegrass) Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. (Small False Solomon's-seal) Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. (Purple Lovegrass) Smilax ecirrhata (Engelm.) Wats. (Carrion-flower) Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (Alta Fescue) Smilax herbacea L. (Carrion-flower) Festuca obtusa Biehler (Nodding Fescue) Smilax hispida Muhl. (Greenbrier) Festuca octoflora Walt. (Six-weeks Fescue) Trillium flexipes Raf. (Large-flowered Trillium) *Festuca pratensis Huds. (Meadow Fescue) Trillium nivale Riddell (Snow Trillium) Glyceria septentrionalis Hitchc. (Sweet Grass) Trillium recuvatum Beck (Wake-robin) Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc. (Fowl Manna Grass) Uvularia grandiflora Sm. (Bellwort) Hordeum jubatum L. (Squirrel-tail Grass) Veratrum woodii Robbins (False Hellebore) Hordeum pusillum Nutt. (Small Wild Barley) Hystrix patula Moench. (Bottle-brush Grass) NAJADACEAE (Naiad Family) Leersia lenticularis Michx. (Catchfly Grass)

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Leersia orywides (L.) Sw. (Rice Cutgrass) Typha angustifolia L. (Narrow-leaved Cat-tail) Leersia virginica Willd. (Whitegrass) Typha latifolia L. (Common Cat-tail) Leptoloma cognatum (Schult.) Chase (Fall Witch Grass) Typha X glauca Godr. (T. angustifolia X latifolia) Lolium perenne L. var. italicum Pam. (Annual Rye Grass) Melica nitens (Scribn.) Hitchc. (Three-flower Melle) ZANNICHELUACEAE (Homed Pondweed Family) *Miscanthus saccariflorus (Maxim.) Hack. (Plume Grass) Muhlenbergiafrondosa (Poir.) Fem. (Leafy Muhly) Z.annichellia palustris L. (Homed Pondweed) Muhlenbergia schreberi Gmel. (Drop-seed) Panicum capillare L. (Old-witch Grass) SUMMARY OF CHECKLIST Panicum clandestinum L. (Hidden Panic Grass) Panicum commonsianum Ashe var. euchlamydeum (Shinners) Pohl 114 Families (Common's Panic Grass) 437 Genera Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. (Panic Grass) 876 Taxa (species plus hybrids) Panicum implicatum Scribn. (Panic Grass) Panicum latifolium L. (Broad-leaved Panic Grass) Panicum oligosanthes Schultes (Few-flowered Panic Grass) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Panicum scribnerianum Nash (Small Panic Grass) Panicum virgatum L. (Switch Grass) We thank the State Preserves Advisory Board and Shimek State Paspalum ciliatifolium Michx. (Bead Grass) Forest personnel for assistance and logistic support during the foray in Phalaris arundinaceae L. (Reed Canary Grass) 1979. We are grateful to the curators of the herbaria cited in the report *Phleum pratense L. (Timothy) for their assistance in inspecting specimens. Field assistance during the *Poa compressa L. (Kentucky Blue Grass) foray was generously provided by Richard Baker, Maureen Danks, *Poa pratensis L. (Canada Blue Grass) Wayne Fuhlbrugge, Darwin Koenig, Jean Prior, Joseph Schaufenbuel, Poa sylvestris A. Gray (Woodland Blue Grass) and Daryl Smith. We welcome information on any additions to the *Setaria faberi Herrm. (Giant Foxtail) *Setaria lutescens (Weigel) Hubb. (Yellow Foxtail) flora. Setaria verticillata (L.) Beauv. (Bristly Foxtail) *Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (Green Foxtail) Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash (Indian Grass) REFERENCES *Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench (Sorghum) CRABBE, J.A., A.C. JERMY, and J.T. MICKEL. 1975. A new generic *Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnson Grass) sequence for the pteridophyte herbarium. Fern Gaz. ll:l41-162. Spartina pectinata Link (Slough-grass) CRAWFORD, D.J. 1970. The Umbelliferae of Iowa. Univ. Iowa Stud. Nat. Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn. var. obtusata (Wedge Grass) Hist. 21(4): 1-36. Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth. (Drop-seed) CRONQUIST, A.C. 1968. The evolution and classification of flowering plants. Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Bray (Sand Dropseed) Houghton-Mifflin Co., Boston. Sporobolus vaginiflorus (Torr.) Wood. (Poverty Grass) DAVIDSON, R.A. 1957. The vascular flora of southeastern Iowa. Ph.D. Stipa spartea Trin. (Porcupine Grass) thesis, Univ. Iowa, Iowa City. 558 pp. (with dot maps) Tridens flavus (L.) Hitchc. (Purpletop) v DAVIDSON, R.A. 1959. The vascular flora ofsoutheastern Iowa. Univ. Iowa purpurea (Walt.) Chapm. (Sand-grass) Stud. Nat Hist. 20(2):1-102. Tripsacum dactyloides L. (Gama Grass) ·./DAVIDSON, R.A. 1960. Plant communities of southeastern Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 67:162-173. *Triticum aestivum L. (Wheat) EILERS, L.J. 1975. History of studies on the Iowa vascular flora. Proc. Iowa *Zea mays L. (Com) Acad. Sci. 82:59-64. EILERS, L.J. 1979. BIOBANK, a computerized data storage and processing PONTEDERIACEAE (Pickerel Weed Family) system for the vascular flora of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 86:15-18. FERNALD,M.L. 1950. Gray's manual of botany. 8th ed. American Book Co., Heteranthera dubia (Jacq.) MacM. (Water-stargrass) New York. v FITZPATRICK,T.J.,andM.F.L.FITZPATRICK.1897. Thefloraofsouthern Pontederia cordata L. (Pickerel Weed) Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 5:134-173. Vf"ITZPATRICK, T.J., andM.F.L. FITZPATRICK. 1898. The flora of southern POT AMOGETONACEAE (Pondweed Family) Iowa. Part II. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 6:173-202. /FULTS, J. 1934. Botanical survey of Lee County, Iowa. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber (Pondweed) 8:251-293. GILLY, C.L. 1948. The flora of Iowa - a progress report based on past Potamogeton diversifolius Raf. (Diverse-leaved Pondweed) contributions. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 54:99-106. Potamogeton foliosus Raf. (Leafy Pondweed) GILLY, C.L., and M.E. MACDONALD. 1936. Rare and unusual plants from Potamogeton nodosus Poir. (Knotty Pondweed) southeastern Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 43:143-149. Potamogeton pectinatus L. (Sago) . GILLY, C.L.,andM.E. MACDONALD. 1947. Preliminary report on theflora Potamogeton zosteriformis Fem. (Flat-stem Pondweed) of southeastern Iowa, part I. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 54:107-126 . . GILLY, C.L.,andM.E. MACDONALD. 1948. Preliminary report on theflora of southeastern Iowa, part II. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 55:ll5-133. SPARGANIACEAE (Bur-reed Family) GLEASON,H.A.,andA.C. CRONQUIST.1963. Manualofvascularplantsof northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. Van Nostrand, New York. Sparganium americanum Nutt. (American Bur-reed) HAYDEN, A. 1940. A supplement to the catalogue of Iowa plants in the Iowa Sparganium eurycarpium Engelm. (Broad-fruited Bur-reed) State College herbarium. Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci. 14: 199-214. HAYDEN, A. 1945. A second supplement to the catalogue oflowa plants in the TYPHACEAE (Cat-tail Family) Iowa State College herbarium. Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci. 19:111-132.

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VASCULAR FLORA OF LEE COUNTY 171

KEYES,C.R. 1893. Geology of Lee County. Iowa Geol. Surv. Ann. Rept. State University Coop. Ext. Serv. Spec. Rept. 42. 3:305-408. PECK, J.H. 1976. The pteridophyte flora of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. v LAMMERS, T.G. 1977. The vegetation of the Mississippi River floodplain in 83:143-160. southeastern Iowa. Contr. University Wisconsin - La Crosse Herb. 17:1- iPECK, J.H., L.J. EILERS, and D.M. ROOSA. 1978. The vascular plants of 11. (Herbarium, Dept. Biology, Univ. Wis. - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI) .. Fremont County, Iowa. Iowa Bird Life 48:3-18. LAMMERS, T.G. 1980. The vascular flora of Starr's Cave State Preserve;·:-:,\/PECK, J.H., D.M. ROOSA, and L.J. EILERS. 1980. A checklist of the ,~ Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 87: 148-158. vascular flora of Allamakee County, Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 87:62-75. ' / fl.AMMERS, T.G., and A.G. VAN DER VALK. 1977. A checklist of the vPOHL, R. W. 1966. The grasses of Iowa. Iowa St. J. Sci. 40:341-573. '-' , aquatic and wetland plants of Iowa: I. Fems, fem allies, and dicotyledons. PRIOR, J.C. 1976. A regional guide to Iowa landforms. Iowa Geol. Surv. Ed. --i Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 84:41-88. Ser. 3. /LAMMERS, T.G., and A.G. VAN DER VALK. 1979. A checklist of the ROOSA, D.M., and L.J. EILERS. 1978. Endangered and threatened Iowa aquatic and wetland vascular plants of Iowa: II. , plus a vascular plants. Spec. Rept. No. 5, State Preserves Advisory Board, Iowa summary of the geographic and habitat distribution of all aquatic and Conservation Commission, Des Moines, Iowa. wetland species in Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. 85:121-163. SHAW, R.H., and G.L. BARGER. 1956. The amount, distribution, and LOCKRIDGE, L.D. 1979. Soil survey of Lee County, Iowa. Soil Conservation disappearance of rainfall in Iowa. p. 3-9. in J.F. Timmons, J.C. 0 'Byrne, Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. and R.K. Frevert. Iowa's Water Resources. Iowa State Press, Ames. vMACDONALD, M.E. 1937. The woody plants of southeastern Iowa. Proc. STEVENSON, W.H., and P.E. BROWN. 1918. Soil survey of Iowa, Report Iowa Acad. Sci. 44:65-74. No. 5. Lee County. Agr. Expt. Sta., Ames. Iowa. MOHLENBROCK, R.H. 1975. Guide to the flora ofIllinois. Southern Illinois ,, STEYERMARK, J. 1960. The flora of Missouri. Iowa State University Press, University Press, Carbondale, Illinois. Ames, Iowa. MOHLENBROCK, R.H., and D.M. LADD. 1978. Distribution of Illinois THOMSON, G.W. 1980. Iowa's disappearing woodlands. Iowa St. I. Res. vascular plants. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois. 55:127-140. . NIEMANN,D.A.1975.Distributionandhabitatsoftheorchidsoflowa.Ph.D. THORNE, R.F. 1953. Notes on rare Iowa plants. Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. 60:260-274. OSCHWALD, W.R., F.F. RIECKEN, R.I. DIDERIKSEN, W.H. THORNE, R.F. 1954. Present status o~ our knowledge of the vascular plant SCHOLTES, andF.W. SCHALLER. 1974. Principal soils of Iowa. Iowa flora of Iowa. Proc. Iowa Acad. Set. 61:177-183.

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