Organization of Health Care in Developing Countries

ORGANIZATION OF HEALTH CARE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

2008 edition

The Library Institute of Tropical Medicine (ITM) Nationalestraat 155 B-2000 Antwerpen

Tel.: 32. (0)3. 247.62.40 e-mail: [email protected] Fax.: 32. (0)3. 248.11.33 URL: http://lib.itg.be INTRODUCTION

Never before 'information' has been produced and made publicly available at a scale comparable to what we experience today. Internet search engines and indexes mine billions of webpages, a substantial part of which dealing with health care in one way or another. A multitude of websites offer a hierarchically structured choice of resources, or specialise in particular health topics. Several of the more traditional bibliographic databases such as Medline/PubMed, analysing the peer-reviewed literature with controlled vocabularies, have been freely available on the Internet for over a decade now. Still, it may not be easy to identify published reports of quality studies in international health, especially when information on specific research topics or individual countries is required.

The following literature lists consist of a selection of items from the ITM library niche database Health Care in Developing Countries (http://lib.itg.be/bs.htm). References are arranged in logically ordered chapters featuring subdivisions, often on several levels. Within each section the references are presented in reverse chronological order. Only literature published from 2000 onwards is included. It is a partial upgrade of the 2004 list, which goes back to 1990, and is still freely available from http://lib.itg.be/health04.pdf. The first (2001) edition is available from http://lib.itg.be/healthdc.pdf. Originally these reference lists were meant for the use of our local patrons and only covered literature that was locally available or freely accessible on the Internet. As such we have no ambition whatsoever to analyse the whole field of international health. As this selection is closely linked to our physical collection, ITM library book codes have been added for the benefit of our local users. URL's for items that are freely available on the World Wide Web are also included. We have chosen not to include URL's for the mainstream literature (i.e. journal articles), as actual accessibility generally depends on library subscriptions, and is best resolved in this context. Links to the main journal webpages can be found at: http://lib.itg.be/journals.htm.

The ITM Health Care in Developing Countries database and this bibliography series was initiated by former ITM librarian Gilbert Roelants. Without his and present librarian Dirk Schoonbaert’s guidance the present edition could not have been realized.

June 2008,

Veerle Demedts The Library

i TABLE OF CONTENTS

WORLD HEALTH...... 1 General...... 1 MDGs...... 4 Globalization ...... 9 Role of international organizations...... 11 Global Fund and GAVI...... 13 Development aid versus humanitarian action ...... 15 External non-governmental organizations (NGOs)...... 18

HEALTH POLICY...... 20 Health systems research...... 20 • World Health Report 2000 controversy...... 22 Health policy ...... 24 • General ...... 24 • Horizontal versus vertical health programs ...... 25 • Sector-wide approach (SWAP)...... 27 • Community participation...... 28 Country studies ...... 30 • Africa ...... 30 • Latin America and Caribbean...... 32 • Asia and Pacific ...... 34

EQUITY ...... 37 General...... 37 Socioeconomic factors ...... 44 Geographic factors – rural-urban inequity ...... 48 Gender factors ...... 50 Ethnic factors...... 51 Age factors...... 52

HEALTH CARE FINANCING ...... 53 General...... 53 Decentralization and health care financing...... 56 User fees ...... 58 • General ...... 58 • Eliminating user fees?...... 61 • Catastrophic health expenditures...... 61 • Exempting the poor ...... 64 Health insurance...... 66 • General ...... 66 • Why enroll – willingness to pay for health insurance...... 68 • Insurance selection bias – adverse selection ...... 69

ii • Prepayment ...... 70 • Private health insurance...... 71 • Social health insurance ...... 72 • Community insurance – microinsurance – reinsurance...... 73

HEALTH PERSONNEL ...... 78 General...... 78 Human resource requirements – geographical distribution ...... 79 Performance – competence – training...... 80 Staffing and scheduling ...... 83 Salaries and fringe benefits – informal payments – corruption ...... 84 Motivation – incentives...... 87 Career mobility – brain-drain ...... 89 • Rates – determinants – impact...... 89 • Solutions – alternatives ...... 92 Community health workers ...... 93

DRUGS ...... 96 National drug policies ...... 96 Essential drugs concept...... 97 • Accessibility...... 97 Group purchasing – revolving drug funds ...... 98 • Prescribing quality – rational drug use...... 99 Pharmaceutical market...... 102 • Intellectual property rights ...... 102 • Drug manufacturing – generics ...... 105 • Orphan drugs ...... 106 • Pricing ...... 108 Quality assurance – counterfeit drugs – sub-standard drugs...... 109 Self-medication...... 112 Role of drug dispensers...... 113 Drug donations ...... 114

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH ...... 115 General...... 115 Reproductive health [care] in specific countries ...... 116 Home births versus health facility births ...... 120 Obstetric fistula ...... 122 Female genital mutilation ...... 123 Sexually transmitted diseases and health services...... 125 Contraception and family planning services ...... 127 • Infertility...... 133 Integrating sexual and reproductive health care ...... 134 Population groups with special needs ...... 135 • Refugees ...... 135 • Adolescents ...... 135 Health services needs and demand...... 135

iii Teenage pregnancy and abortion ...... 138

MATERNAL MORTALITY ...... 140 Maternal health ...... 140 Maternal mortality: estimation – incidence ...... 140 Determinants – prevention...... 144 • Specific techniques or drugs for specific causes ...... 152 • Political aspects – commitment...... 153 Emergency obstetric care ...... 154 • Cesarean section – episiotomy: rates and indications ...... 158 Medicalization – Unneccessary procedures...... 160 Abortion ...... 161 Role of midwives and traditional birth attendants ...... 166

CHILD HEALTH AND CHILD HEALTH CARE ...... 168 Child health determinants and - interventions...... 168 Health care seeking behavior and utilization of child health services...... 172 Infant and child mortality ...... 173 Malnutrition – child growth ...... 177 Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)...... 179 Vaccination programs: coverage and impact ...... 183 Low birth weight: risk factors and care – kangaroo care ...... 188

HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR...... 191 Health services utilization – determinants ...... 191 Health care seeking behavior – provider choice...... 196

TRADITIONAL MEDICINE ...... 199

HOSPITALS...... 201

URBANIZATION AND URBAN HEALTH CARE ...... 203

INFORMATION SYSTEMS...... 205

GLOSSARIES ...... 208

iv WORLD HEALTH

General

Andre FE, Booy R, Bock HL, Clemens J, Datta SK, John TJ, Lee BW, Lolekha S, Peltola H, Ruff TA, Santosham M, Schmitt HJ. Vaccination greatly reduces disease, disability, death and inequity worldwide. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(2): 140-146.

Ijsselmuiden C, Matlin SA, Maïga AH, Hasler J, Pannenborg O, Evans T, Pang T, Gardner CA. From Mexico to Mali: a new course for global health. Lancet 2008; 371(9607): 91-93.

Reich MR, Takemi K, Roberts MJ, Hsiao WC. Global action on health systems: a proposal for the Toyako G8 summit. Lancet 2008; 371(9615): 865-869.

Skolnik R. Essentials of global health. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2008: 322 pp. (Riegelman R, editor. Essential Public Health). [ITM Library: SO/20613]

Acharya T. Science and technology for wealth and health in developing countries. Global Public Health 2007; 2(1): 53-63.

Barraclough S, Phua KL. Health imperatives in foreign policy; the case of Malaysia. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(3): 225-229.

Dorling D, Mitchell R, Pearce J. The global impact of income inequality on health by age: an observational study. BMJ 2007; 335(7625): 873-875.

Gardner CA, Acharya T, Yach D. Technological and social innovation: a unifying new paradigm for global health. Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 1052-1061.

Gostin LO. Meeting the survival needs of the world's least healthy people; a proposed model for global health governance. JAMA 2007; 298(2): 225-228.

Gostin LO. Why rich countries should care about the world's least healthy people. JAMA 2007; 298(1): 89-92.

Haller L, Hutton G, Bartram J. Estimating the costs and health benefits of water and sanitation improvements at global level. J Water Health 2007; 5(4): 467-480.

Hutton G, Haller L, Bartram J. Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions. J Water Health 2007; 5(4): 481-502.

Johns B, Sigurbjörnsdóttir K, Fogstad H, Zupan J, Mathai M, Tan-Torres Edejer T. Estimated global resources needed to attain universal coverage of maternal and newborn health services. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(4): 256-263.

La Rosa E, Dubois G, Tonnellier F. La responsabilité sociale en santé et la situation sanitaire mondiale; à propos des nouveaux indicateurs sanitaires et sociaux. Santé Publique 2007; 19(3): 217-227.

MacPherson DW, Gushulak BD, Macdonald L. Health and foreign policy; influences of migration and population mobility. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(3): 200-206.

1 Magnusson RS. Non-communicable diseases and global health governance: enhancing global processes to improve health development. Globalization Health 2007; 3(2): 16 pp. [Available from: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/3/1/2 ]

Mahoney RT, Krattiger A, Clemens JD, Curtis III R. The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries IV: Global Access Strategies. Vaccine 2007; 25(20): 4003-4011.

Oslo Ministerial Declaration; global health: a pressing foreign policy issue of our time. Lancet 2007; 369(9570): 1373-1378.

Reidpath DD, Allotey P. Measuring global health inequity. Int J Equity Health 2007; 6(16): 7 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/6/1/16 ]

Rodier G, Greenspan AL, Hughes JM, Heymann DL. Global public health security. Emerging Infect Dis 2007; 13(10): 1447-1552.

Singh JA, Govender M, Mills EJ. Do human rights matter to health? Lancet 2007; 370(9586): 521-527.

Cohen J. The new world of global health. Science 2006; 311(5758): 162-167.

Dorling D, Shaw M, Smith GD. Global inequality of life expectancy due to AIDS. BMJ 2006; 332(7542): 662-664.

Lister J. Can global health be good business? Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(3): 255-257.

McMichael AJ, Woodruff RE, Hales S. Climate change and human health: present and future risks. Lancet 2006; 367(9513): 859-869.

Moore S, Teixeira AC, Shiell A. The health of nations in a global context: trade, global stratification, and infant mortality rates. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(1): 165-178.

Patz JA, Olson SH. Climate change and health: global to local influences on disease risk. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006; 100(5-6): 535-549.

Ruger JP, Kim HJ. Global health inequalities: an international comparison. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60(11): 928-936.

Gandy M. Deadly alliances: death, disease, and the global politics of public health. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 9-11.

Heath I. Who needs health care, the well or the sick? BMJ 2005; 330: 954-956.

Juma C, Yee-Cheong L. Reinventing global health: the role of science, technology, and innovation. Lancet 2005; 365: 1105-1107.

Koplan JP, Puska P, Jousilahti P, Cahill K, Huttunen J. Improving the world's health through national public health institutes. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 154-157.

Waitzkin H, Jasso-Aguilar R, Landwehr A, Mountain C. Global trade, public health, and health services: stakeholders' constructions of the key issues. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 893-906.

Alkire S, Chen L. Global health and moral values. Lancet 2004; 364: 1069-1074.

2 Arnesen T, Kapiriri L. Can the value choices in DALYs influence global priority-setting? Health Pol 2004; 70(2): 137-149.

Beaglehole R, Bonita R. Public health at the crossroads; achievements and prospects; 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004: 303 pp. [ITM Library: SO/18703]

Buekens P, Keusch G, Belizan J, Bhutta ZA. Evidence-based global health [editorial]. JAMA 2004; 291: 2639-2641.

Dixneuf M, Rey JL. La santé: une place croissante dans les politiques internationales. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 561-566.

Gostin LO. International infectious disease law; revision of the World Health Organization's international health regulations. JAMA 2004; 291: 2623-2627.

Lee K, Walt G, Haines A. The challenge to improve global health; financing the millennium development goals. JAMA 2004; 291: 2636-2638.

McCoy D, Sanders D, Baum F, Narayan T, Legge D. Pushing the international health research agenda towards equity and effectiveness. Lancet 2004; 364: 1630-1631.

Molyneux DH, Nantulya VM. Linking disease control programmes in rural Africa: a pro-poor strategy to reach Abuja targets and millennium development goals. BMJ 2004; 328: 1129-1132.

Muraskin W. The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization: is it a new model for effective public-private cooperation in international public health? Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 1922-1925.

Murray CJL, Lopez AD, Wibulpolprasert S. Monitoring global health: time for new solutions. BMJ 2004; 329: 1096-1100.

Smith R, Woodward D, Acharya A, Beaglehole R, Drager N. Communicable disease control: a 'Global Public Good' perspective. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 271-278.

Victora CG, Hanson K, Bryce J, Vaughan JP. Achieving universal coverage with health interventions. Lancet 2004; 364: 1541-1548.

Yach D, Hawkes C, Gould CL, Hofman KJ. The global burden of chronic diseases; overcoming impediments to prevention and control. JAMA 2004; 291: 2616-2622.

Fidler DP. Emerging trends in international law concerning global infectious disease control. Emerging Infect Dis 2003; 9: 285-290.

Lamptey P, Ruckstuhl K, Cates W. The evolving impact of HIV/AIDS on global health. In: Valdiserri RO, editor. Dawning answers; how the HIV/AIDS epidemic has helped to strengthen public health. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003: 177-197. [ITM Library: KRC/18327]

Morrow RH. Macroeconomics and health. BMJ 2002; 325: 53-54.

Parker R. The global HIV/AIDS pandemic, structural inequalities, and the politics of international health. Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 343-346.

Sachs JD, editor. Macroéconomie et santé: investir dans la santé pour le développement économique; rapport de la Commission Macroéconomie et Santé. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), 2002: 216 pp. [ITM Library: SO/17680] 3

Shiffman J, Beer T, Wu Y. The emergence of global disease control priorities. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 225-234.

Fidler DP. International law and global infectious disease control. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 49 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG2; 18).

Gray A, editor. World health and disease; 3rd ed. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2001: 352 pp. (Health and Disease Series; 3). [ITM Library: EP/17224]

Kaul I, Faust M. Global public goods and health: taking the agenda forward. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 869-874.

Sachs JD. Macroeconomics and health: investing in health for economic development; report of the Commission on Macroeconomics and Health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2001: 200 pp. [ITM Library: SO/17508] [Available from: http://www.cid.harvard.edu/archive/cmh]

Kickbusch I. The development of international health policies; accountability intact? Soc Sci Med 2000; 51: 979-989.

MDGs

Hutton G, Bartram J. Global costs of attaining the Millennium Development Goal for water supply and sanitation. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(1): 13-19.

Binka FN, Bawah AA, Phillips JF, Hodgson A, Adjuik M, MacLeod B. Rapid achievement of the child survival millennium development goal: evidence from the Navrongo experiment in northern Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(5): 578-583.

Dixon-Mueller R, Germain A. Fertility regulation and reproductive health in the millenium development goals: the search for a perfect indicator. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(1): 45-51.

Downs TJ, Larson HJ. Achieving Millennium Development Goals for health: building understanding, trust and capacity to respond. Health Pol 2007; 83(2): 144-161.

Fotso JC, Ezeh AC, Madise NJ, Ciera J. Progress towards the child millennium development goal in urban sub-Saharan Africa: the dynamics of population growth, immunization, and access to clean water. BMC Public Health 2007; 7(218): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/218 ]

Franco M, Kennelly JF, Cooper RS, Ordúñez-García P. La salud en Cuba y los objetivos de desarollo del milenio. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2007; 21(4): 239-250.

Gakidou E, Oza S, Vidal Fuertes C, Li AY, Lee DK, Sousa A, Hogan MC, Vander Hoorn S, Ezzati M. Improving child survival through environmental and nutritional interventions; the importance of targeting interventions toward the poor. JAMA 2007; 298(16): 1876-1887.

Komatsu R, Low-Beer D, Schwartländer B. Global Fund-supported programmes' contribution to international targets and the Millennium Development Goals: an initial analysis. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 805-811.

4 Kurowski C, Wyss K, Abdulla S, Mills A. Scaling up priority health interventions in Tanzania: the human resources challenge. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(3): 113-127.

Mbonye AK, Mutabazi MG, Asimwe JB, Sentumbwe O, Kabarangira J, Nanda G, Orinda V. Declining maternal mortality ratio in Uganda: priority interventions to achieve the Millennium Development Goal. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 98(3): 285-290.

McCann MF. The Millennium Development Goals; a challenge to epidemiologists [editorial]. Epidemiology 2007; 18(6): 653-657.

Murray CJL, Laakso T, Shibuya K, Hill K, Lopez AD. Can we achieve Millennium Development Goal 4? New analysis of country trends and forecasts of under-5 mortality to 2015. Lancet 2007; 370(9592): 1040-1054 [+ 1018-1020].

Prince M, Patel V, Saxena S, Maj M, Maselko J, Phillips MR, Rahman A. No health without mental health. Lancet 2007; 370(9590): 859-877.

Thomas S, Mooney G, Mbatsha S. The MESH approach: strengthening public health systems for the MDGs. Health Pol 2007; 83(2-3): 180-185.

Bailey P, Paxton A, Lobis S, Fry D. Measuring progress towards the MDG for maternal health: including a measure of the health system's capacity to treat obstetric complications. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 93(3): 292-299.

Bryce J, Terreri N, Victora CG, Mason E, Daelmans B, Bhutta ZA, Bustreo F, Songane F, Salama P, Wardlaw T. Countdown to 2015: tracking intervention coverage for child survival. Lancet 2006; 368(9541): 1067-1076 [+ 1041-1047].

Child Mortality Coordination Group. Tracking progress towards the Millennium Development Goals: reaching consensus on child mortality levels and trends. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(3): 225-232.

Davey G, Fekade D, Parry E. Must aid hinder attempts to reach the Millenium Development Goals? Lancet 2006; 367(9511): 629-631.

Dodd R, Cassels A. Health, development and the Millennium Development Goals. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006; 100(5-6): 379-387.

Filippi V, Ronsmans C, Campbell OMR, Graham WJ, Mills A, Borghi J, Koblinsky M, Osrin D. Maternal health in poor countries: the broader context and a call for action. Lancet 2006; 368(9546): 1535-1541.

Lagro MGP, Stekelenburg J. Het Millennium-project van de Verenigde Naties, in het bijzonder goede post-partumzorg om moedersterfte and neonatale sterfte wereldwijd te reduceren. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2006; 150(20): 1143-1147.

Rheingans R, Dreibelbis R, Freeman MC. Beyond the Millennium Development Goals: public health challenges in water and sanitation. Global Public Health 2006; 1(1): 31-48.

San Sebastián M, Hurtig AK, Rasanathan K. Is trade liberalization of services the best strategy to achieve health-related Millennium Development Goals in Latin America? A call for caution. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 20(5): 341-346.

Tomlin S. Harvest of hope. Nature 2006; 442(7098): 22-25. 5 van Dillen J, Stekelenburg J, van Roosmalen J. Het Millennium-project van de Verenigde Naties; in het bijzonder preventie en behandeling van hiv-infectie en aids om kinder- en moedersterfte te reduceren. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2006; 150(25): 1413-1417.

WHO/World Bank. High-level forum on the health millennium development goals; selected papers, 2003-2005. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2006: 192 pp. [ITM Library: SO/19904]

Wirth ME, Balk D, Delamonica E, Storeygard A, Sacks E, Minujin A. Setting the stage for equity-sensitive monitoring of the maternal and child health Millennium Development Goals. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(7): 519-527.

Adam T, Lim SS, Mehta S, Bhutta ZA, Fogstad H, Mathai M, Zupan J, Darmstadt GL. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for maternal and neonatal health in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1107-1110.

Attaran A. An immeasurable crisis? A criticism of the Millenium Development Goals and why they cannot be measured. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 955-961.

Banque mondiale. Miniatlas des objectifs de développement pour le Millénaire; édifier un monde meilleur. Washington: Banque Internationale pour la Reconstruction et le Développement/La Banque mondiale; Paris: Editions ESKA, 2005: 64 pp. [ITM Library: SO/19539]

Barros FC, Victora CG, Barros AJ, Santos IS, Albernaz E, Matijsevich A, Domingues MR, Sclowitz IKT, Hallal PC, Silveira MF, Vaughan JP. The challenge of reducing neonatal mortality in middle-income countries: findings from three Brazilian birth cohorts in 1982, 1993, and 2004. Lancet 2005; 365: 847-854 [+ 821-826].

Bartram J, Lewis K, Lenton R, Wright A. Focusing on improved water and sanitation for health. Lancet 2005; 365: 810-812.

Bryce J, Black RE, Walker N, Bhutta ZA, Lawn JE, Steketee RW. Can the world afford to save the lives of 6 million children each year? Lancet 2005; 365: 2193-2200 [+2153-2156].

Cheru F, Bradford C, editors. The Millennium Development Goals; raising the resources to tackle world poverty. London: Zed Books, 2005: 238 pp. [ITM Library: ZVM/19250]

Crossette B. Reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals: the missing link. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 71-79.

Dodd R, editor. Health and the Millennium Development Goals. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2005: 81 pp. [ITM Library: SO/19156]

Dreesch N, Dolea C, Dal Poz MR, Goubarev A, Adams O, Aregawi M, Bergstrom K, Fogstad H, Sheratt D, Linkins J, Scherpbier R, Youssef-Fox M. An approach to estimating human resource requirements to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 267-276.

Evans DB, Adam T, Tan-Torres Edejer T, Lim SS, Cassels A, Evans TG. Time to reassess strategies for improving health in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1133-1136 [+1093-1094].

Evans DB, Lim SS, Adam T, Tan-Torres Edejer T. Evaluation of current strategies and future priorities for improving health in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1457-1461.

6 Evans DB, Tan-Torres Edejer T, Adam T, Lim SS. Methods to assess the costs and health effects of interventions for improving health in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1137-1140.

Freedman LP, Waldman RJ, de Pinho H, Wirth ME, Chowdhury AMR, Rosenfield A. Transforming health systems to improve the lives of women and children. Lancet 2005; 365: 997-1000.

Germain A, Kidwell J. The unfinished agenda for reproductive health: priorities for the next 10 years. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2005; 31: 90-93.

Gwatkin DR. How much would poor people gain from faster progress towards the Millennium Development Goals for health? Lancet 2005; 365: 813-817.

Kim JC, Watts CH. Gaining a foothold: tackling poverty, gender inequality, and HIV in Africa. BMJ 2005; 331: 769-772.

Labonte R, Schrecker T, Gupta AS. A global health equity agenda for the G8 summit. BMJ 2005; 330: 533-536.

Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? where? why? Lancet 2005; 365: 891-900.

Mahaini R, Mahmoud H. Maternal health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11(4): 532-538.

Miranda JJ, Patel V. Achieving the Millennium Development Goals: does mental health play a role? PLoS Med 2005; 2: 962-965.

Moser KA, Leon DA, Gwatkin DR. How does progress towards the child mortality millennium development goal affect inequalities between the poorest and least poor? Analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data. BMJ 2005; 331: 1180-1183.

Munderi P, editor. Prescription for healthy development: increasing access to medicines. London: Earthscan, 2005: 169 pp. [ITM Library: RS/19166]

Rechel B, Shapo L, McKee M. Are the Millennium Development Goals appropriate for eastern Europe and central Asia? Health Pol 2005; 73(3): 339-351.

Reproductive health and the UN millennium development goals. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 127-157.

Sachs JD, McArthur JW. The Millennium Project: a plan for meeting the millenium development goals. Lancet 2005; 365: 347-353.

Sanders DM, Todd C, Chopra M. Confronting Africa's health crisis: more of the same will not be enough. BMJ 2005; 331: 755-758.

Stekelenburg J. Het Millennium-project van de Verenigde Naties, in het bijzonder de reductie van kindersterfte en van moedersterfte wereldwijd. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005; 149: 2299-2302.

Strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets related to reproductive health. Reprod Health Matters 2005; 13(25): 11-18.

Tan-Torres Edejer T, Aikins M, Black R, Wolfson L, Hutubessy R, Evans DB. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for child health in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1177-1180. 7

World Bank. miniAtlas of Millennium Development Goals; building a better world. Washington: World Bank, 2005: 64 pp. [ITM Library: SO/19467]

Accelerating human development. In: Global monitoring report 2004; policies and actions for achieving the Millennium Development Goals and related outcomes. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 107-123. [ITM Library: ZVM/18777]

Global monitoring report 2004; policies and actions for achieving the Millennium Development Goals and related outcomes. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 228 pp. [ITM Library: ZVM/18777]

Health in the developing world: achieving the Millennium Development Goals [round table]. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 947-952.

Kerouedan D. Evolutions des profils de l'expertise française en santé dans le contexte des stratégies internationales de développement en Afrique. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 321-325.

Kickbusch I, Roca A. The Millennium Development Goals in the Americas. Epidemiol Bull PAHO 2004; 25(2): 1-4.

Matlin S, editor. Global Forum update on research for health 2005; health research to achieve the Millennium Development Goals. London: Pro-Brook Publishing, 2004: 184 pp. [ITM Library: SOCA/19061]

Rechel B, Shapo L, McKee M. Millennium development goals for health in Europe and Central Asia; relevance and policy implications. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 56 pp. (World Bank Working Papers; 33). [ITM Library: SO.2/18700]

Task Force on Health Systems Research. Informed choices for attaining the Millennium Development Goals: towards an international cooperative agenda for health-systems research. Lancet 2004; 364: 997-1003.

Torres C, Mújica OJ. Salud, equidad y los Objetivos de Desarollo del Milenio. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2004; 15: 430-439.

Travis P, Bennett S, Haines A, Pang T, Bhutta Z, Hyder AA, Pielemeier NR, Mills A, Evans T. Overcoming health-systems constraints to achieve the Millenium Development Goals. Lancet 2004; 364: 900-906.

Wagstaff A, Claeson M. The millennium development goals for health; rising to the challenges. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 186 pp. [ITM Library: SO/18688]

Wyss K. An approach to classifying human resources constraints to attaining health-related Millennium Development Goals. Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(11): 8. [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/11 ]

Gwatkin DR. Who would gain most from efforts to reach the millennium development goals for health? An inquiry into the possibility of progress that fails to reach the poor. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2002: 24 pp. (Health, Nutrition and Population Discussion Papers).

Globalization

Semin S, Güldal D. Globalization of the pharmaceutical industry and the growing dependency of developing countries: the case of Turkey. Int J Health Serv 2008; 38(2): 379-398.

Labonté R, Schrecker T. Globalization and social determinants of health. Globalization Health 2007; 3(5+6+7): 10+17+15 pp. [Available from: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/3/1/5 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/3/1/6 http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/3/1/7

Lee K, Yach D. Globalization and health. In: Merson MH, Black RE, J MA, editors. International public health: diseases, programs, systems, and policies; 2nd ed. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006: 681-708. [ITM Library: SO/19983]

O'Dempsey TJD, Munslow B. Globalisation, complex humanitarian emergencies and health. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006; 100(5-6): 501-515.

Cilingiroglu N. Health, globalization and developing countries. Saudi Med J 2005; 26: 191-200.

Cilingiroglu N, Ozcebe H. Reflections of globalisation on public health. In: Davies HTO, Tavakoli M, editors. Health care policy, performance and finance: strategic issues in health care management. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004: 155-172. [ITM Library: SO/18560]

Gilbert T, Gilbert L. Globalisation and local power: influences on health matters in South Africa. Health Pol 2004; 67(3): 245-255.

Wade RH. Is globalization reducing poverty and inequality? Int J Health Serv 2004; 34: 381-414.

Beaglehole R, Yach D. Globalisation and the prevention and control of non-communicable disease: the neglected chronic diseases of adults. Lancet 2003; 362: 903-908.

Collins T. Globalization, global health, and access to healthcare. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18: 97-104.

Promotion de la santé et mondialisation. Santé Publique 2003; 15: 255-342.

Chanda R. Trade in health services. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 158-163.

Dollar D. La mondialisation est-elle bonne pour votre santé? Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2002; 6: 16-22.

Frenk J, Gómez-Dantés O. Globalisation and the challenges to health systems. BMJ 2002; 325: 95-97.

Weisbrot M, Baker D, Kraev E, Chen J. The scorecard on globalization 1980-2000: its consequences for economic and social well-being. Int J Health Serv 2002; 32: 229-253.

Woodward D, Drager N, Beaglehole R, Lipson D. Mondialisation et santé: un cadre pour l'analyse et l'action. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2002; 6: 36-42.

Bateman C, Baker T, Hoornenborg E, Ericsson U. Bringing global issues to medical teaching. Lancet 2001; 358: 1539-1542. 9

Baum F. Health, equity, justice and globalisation: some lessons from the People's Health Assembly. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 613-616.

Bettcher DW, Wipfli H. Towards a more sustainable globalisation: the role of the public health community. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 617-618.

Chen LC, Berlinguer G. Health equity in a globalizing world. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 35-44. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Cornia GA. Globalization and health: results and options. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 834-841.

Diaz-Bonilla E, Babinard J, Pinstrup-Andersen P. Globalization and health; a survey of opportunities and risks for the poor in developing countries. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 116 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG4; 11).

Dollar D. Is globalization good for your health? Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 827-833.

Feachem RGA. Globalisation is good for your health, mostly. BMJ 2001; 323: 504-506.

Fidler DP. The globalization of public health: the first 100 years of international health diplomacy. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 842-849.

Frenk J, Gómez-Dantés O, Adams O, Gakidou EE. The globalization of health care. In: McKee M, Garner P, Stott R, editors. International co-operation in health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 31-47. [ITM Library: SOA/17329]

Lee K. A dialogue of the deaf? The health impacts of globalisation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 619.

Lee K. Globalization: a new agenda for health? In: McKee M, Garner P, Stott R, editors. International co-operation in health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 13-29. [ITM Library: SOA/17329]

Riley PL, Nkinsi L. The CARE-CDC Health Initiative: a model for global participatory research [editorial]. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 1549-1552.

Sitthi-Amorn C, Somrongthong R, Janjaroen WS. Economic and health care restructuring; the need for better governance. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30: 717-719.

Sitthi-Amorn C, Somrongthong R, Janjaroen WS. Some health implications of globalization in Thailand. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 889-890.

Thankappan KR. Some health implications of globalization in Kerala, India. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 892-893.

Woodward D, Drager N, Beaglehole R, Lipson D. Globalization and health: a framework for analysis and action. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 875-881.

Baris E, McLeod K. Globalization and international trade in the twenty-first century: opportunities for and threats to the health sector in the south. Int J Health Serv 2000; 30: 187-210. 10

Bettcher DW, Yach D, Guindon GE. Global trade and health: key linkages and future challenges. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 521-534.

McMichael AJ, Beaglehole R. The changing global context of public health. Lancet 2000; 356: 495-499

Millen JV, Holtz TH. Dying for growth; part I: transnational corporations and the health of the poor. In: Kim JY, Millen JV, Irwin A, Gershman J, editors. Dying for growth; global inequality and the health of the poor. Monroe: Common Courage Press, 2000: 177-223. (Becerra M, Chomsky A, Errington S, Farmer P, Fox K, Furin J, Irwin A, Kim JY, Millen JV, Rhatigan J, Sassy H, editors. Series in Health and Social Justice). [ITM Library: SOD/16601]

Role of international organizations

Kapp C. WHO AFRO: failing the region. Lancet 2008; 371(9619): 1153-1154.

Samarasekera U. WHO: 60 years on. Lancet 2008; 371(9619): 1151-1152.

Brown H. Margaret Chan: now is the time for WHO to achieve results. Lancet 2007; 369(9565): 899 [+ 893-895].

Day M. Who's funding WHO? BMJ 2007; 334(7589): 338-340.

Kohlmorgen L. International governmental organizations and global health governance: the role of the World Health Organization, World Bank and UNAIDS. In: Hein W, Bartsch S, Kohlmorgen L, editors. Global health governance and the fight against HIV/AIDS. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007: 119-145. [ITM Library: KRC/20765]

McCoy D. The World Bank's new health strategy: reason for alarm? Lancet 2007; 369(9572): 1499-1501.

Oxman AD, Lavis JN, Fretheim A. Use of evidence in WHO recommendations. Lancet 2007; 369(9576): 1883-1889 [+ 1842-1844].

Rodríguez-Monguió R, Rovira J, Seoane-Vázquez E. Analysis of the World Bank's pharmaceutical lending. Health Pol 2007; 81(1): 102-116.

Ruger JP. Global health governance and the World Bank. Lancet 2007; 370(9597): 1471-1474. Samarasekera U. Margaret Chan's vision for WHO. Lancet 2007; 369(9577): 1915-1916.

Shuchman M. Improving global health; Margaret Chan at the WHO. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(7): 653-656.

Banerji D. Serious crisis in the practice of international health by the World Health Organization: the Commission on Social Determinants of Health. Int J Health Serv 2006; 36(4): 637-650.

Benkimoun P. How Lee Jong-Wook changed WHO. Lancet 2006; 367(9525): 1806-1808.

Brown TM, Cueto M, Fee E. The World Health Organization and the transition from 'international' to 'global public health'. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(1): 62-72.

Cohen J. The new world of global health. Science 2006; 311(5758): 162-167. 11

Horton R. WHO: strengthening the road to renewal. Lancet 2006; 367(9525): 1793-1795.

McCoy D, Narayan R, Baum F, Sanders D, Serag H, Salvage J, Rowson M, Schrecker T, Woodward D, Labonte R, Sengupta A, Qizphe A, Schuftan C. A new Director General for WHO; an opportunity for bold and inspirational leadership. Lancet 2006; 368(9553): 2179-2183.

Política de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud en materia de igualdad de género. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 19(2): 137-140.

WHO's director-general candidates respond. Lancet 2006; 368(9543): 1225-1228 [+ 1213-1214].

Dembele DM. The International Monetary Fund and World Bank in Africa: a "disastrous" record. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 389-398.

Homedes N, Ugalde A, Forns JR. The World Bank, pharmaceutical policies, and health reforms in Latin America. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 691-717.

Ruger JP, Yach D. Global functions at the World Health Organization. BMJ 2005; 330: 1099-1100.

Ruger JP. The changing role of the World Bank in global health. Am J Public Health 2005; 95: 60-70.

Ruger JP. What will the new World Bank head do for global health? Lancet 2005; 365: 1837-1840.

Lurie P, Hintzen P, Lowe RA. Socioeconomic obstacles to HIV prevention and treatment in developing countries: the roles of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. In: Kalipeni E, Craddock S, Oppong JR, Ghosh J, editors. HIV & AIDS in Africa: beyond epidemiology. Malden: Blackwell, 2004: 204-212. [ITM Library: KRC.1/18290]

Summers R. The role of international organizations. In: Anderson S, Huss R, Summers R, Wiedenmayer K, editors. Managing pharmaceuticals in international health. Basel: Birkhäuser verlag, 2004: 125-140. [ITM Library: RS/18650]

Aitken D. WHO responds. BMJ 2003; 326: 217-218.

Kickbusch I. The contribution of the World Health Organization to a new public health and health promotion. Am J Public Health 2003; 93: 383-388.

[Special report on WHO]. Lancet 2003; 361: 2-7.

[WHO Director-General election]. Lancet 2003; 361: 170-173.

Yamey G, Abbasi K. New leader, new hope for WHO; setting an agenda for Jong-Wook Lee. BMJ 2003; 326: 1100-1101.

Banerji D. Report of the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health: a critique. Int J Health Serv 2002; 32: 733-754.

Das P. Renato d'A. Gusmao celebrates 100 years of the Pan American Health Organization. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2: 636-641.

Horton R. WHO's mandate: a damaging reinterpretation is taking place. Lancet 2002; 360: 960-961. 12

Horton R, Pablos-Mendez A. WHO's next Director-General: the person and the programme. Lancet 2002; 360: 1799-1800 (see also 1797, 1798).

Taylor AL. Global governance, international health law and WHO: looking towards the future. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 975-980.

Yamey G. WHO in 2002: faltering steps towards partnerships. BMJ 2002; 325: 1236-1240.

Yamey G. WHO in 2002: WHO's management: struggling to transform a "fossilised bureaucracy". BMJ 2002; 325: 1170-1173.

Yamey G. WHO in 2002: Why does the world still need WHO? BMJ 2002; 325: 1294-1298.

Labonte R. Liberalisation, health and the World Trade Organisation. J Epidemiol Community Health 2001; 55: 620-621.

WHO on health and sustainable development. Popul Dev Rev 2001; 27: 395-400. de Beyer JA, Preker AS, Feachem RGA. The role of the World Bank in international health: renewed commitment and partnership. Soc Sci Med 2000; 50: 169-176.

Global Fund and GAVI

Chokshi DA, Kesselheim AS. Rethinking global access to vaccines. BMJ 2008; 336(7647): 750-753. van Oranje M. International funding mechanisms for AIDS care and prevention. In: Volberding PA, Sande MA, Lange J, Greene WC, editors. Global HIV/AIDS Medicine. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier, 2008: 793-800. [ITM Library: KRC/20690]

Feachem R, Sabot O. The Global Fund 2001-2006: a review of the evidence. Global Public Health 2007; 2(4): 325-341.

McCarthy M. The Global Fund: 5 years on. Lancet 2007; 370(9584): 307-307.

Radelet S, Siddiqi B. Global Fund grant programmes: an analysis of evaluation scores. Lancet 2007; 369(9575): 1807-1813 [+ 1768-1769].

Dräger S, Gedik G, Dal Poz MR. Health workforce issues and the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: an analytical view. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(23): 12 pp. [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/23]

Feachem RGA, Sabot OJ. An examination of the Global Fund at 5 years. Lancet 2006; 368(9534): 537-540.

Lu C, Michaud CM, Gakidou E, Khan K, Murray CJL. Effect of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation on diphteria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine coverage: an independent assessment. Lancet 2006; 368(9541): 1088-1095. 13

Lu C, Michaud CM, Khan K, Murray CLJ. Absorptive capacity and disbursements by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria; analysis of grant implementation. Lancet 2006; 368(9534): 483-488.

Andrus JK, Fitzsimmons J. Introduction of new and underutilized vaccines: sustaining access, disease control, and infrastructure development. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 939-940.

Brugha R. The Global Fund at three years; flying in crowded air space [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 623-626.

Hardon A, Blume S. Shifts in global immunisation goals (1984-2004): unfinished agendas and mixed results. Soc Sci Med 2005; 60: 345-356.

Attaran A, Barnes KI, Curtis C, D'Alessandro U, Fanello CI, Galinski MR, Kokwaro G, Looareesuwan S, Makanga M, Mutabingwa TK, Talisuna A, Trape JF, Watkins WM. WHO, the Global Fund, and medical malpractice in malaria treatment. Lancet 2004; 363: 237-240.

Brugha R, Donoghue M, Starling M, Ndubani P, Ssengooba F, Fernandes B, Walt G. The Global Fund: managing great expectations. Lancet 2004; 364: 95-100.

Kaddar M, Lydon P, Levine R. Financial challenges of immunization: a look at GAVI. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 697-702.

Muraskin W. The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization: is it a new model for effective public-private cooperation in international public health? Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 1922-1925.

Poore P. The Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFATM). Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 52-53.

Bennett S, Fairbank A. The system-wide effects of the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria: a conceptual framework. Bethesda: Abt Associates, 2003: 39 pp. (PHRplus Technical Reports; 031).

Martin JF, Marshall J. New tendencies and strategies in international immunisation: GAVI and The Vaccine Fund. Vaccine 2003; 21: 587-592.

Berwick DM. A learning world for the Global Fund. BMJ 2002; 325: 55-56.

Brugha R, Starling M, Walt G. GAVI, the first steps: lessons for the Global Fund. Lancet 2002; 359: 435-438.

Parker R. The global HIV/AIDS pandemic, structural inequalities, and the politics of international health. Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 343-346.

Teklehaimanot A, Snow RW. Will the Global Fund help roll back malaria in Africa? Lancet 2002; 360: 888-889.

Wendo C. Uganda hopes Fund will bring long-term progress. Lancet 2002; 360: 66.

Brugha R, Walt G. A global health fund: a leap of faith? BMJ 2001; 323: 152-154.

Ford N, 't Hoen E. The Global Health Fund: moral imperative or industry subsidy? Lancet 2001; 358: 578. 14

Lethu T. Global Fund brings new hope for Africans with HIV/AIDS. Afr Health 2001; 23(6): 41-42.

Piot P, Coll Seck AM. International response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic: planning for success. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 1106-1112.

Richards T. New Global Health Fund; must be well managed if it is to narrow the gap between rich and poor countries. BMJ 2001; 322: 1321-1322.

Development aid versus humanitarian action

Greco G, Powell-Jackson T, Borghi J, Mills A. Countdown to 2015: assessment of donor assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health between 2003 and 2006. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1268-1275.

Morris SS, Cogill B, Uauy R. Effective international action against undernutrition: why has it proven so difficult and what can be done to accelerate progress? Lancet 2008; 371(9612): 608-621.

Ruel MT, Menon P, Habicht JP, Loechl C, Bergeron G, Pelto G, Arimond M, Maluccio J, Michaud L, Hankebo B. Age-based preventive targeting of food assistance and behaviour change and communication for reduction of childhood undernutrition in Haiti: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet 2008; 371(9612): 588-595 [+ 539-541].

Shiffman J. Has donor prioritization of HIV/AIDS displaced aid for other health issues? Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(2): 95-100.

Buse K, Harmer AM. Seven habits of highly effective global public-private health partnerships; practice and potential. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(2): 259-271.

De Vos P, De Ceukelaire W, Bonet M, Van der Stuyft P. Cuba's international cooperation in health: an overview. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(4): 761-776.

England R. Are we spending too much on HIV? BMJ 2007; 334(7589): 344.

Kirton JJ, Roudev N, Sunderland L. Making G8 leaders deliver; an analysis of compliance and health commitments, 1996-2006. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(3): 192-199.

Labonte R, Schrecker T. Foreign policy matters; a normative view of the G8 and population health. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(3): 185-191.

Maxwell D. Global factors shaping the future of food aid; the implications for WFP. Disasters 2007; 31(Suppl.1): S25-S39.

Radelet S, Siddiqi B. Global Fund grant programmes: an analysis of evaluation scores. Lancet 2007; 369(9575): 1807-1813 [+ 1768-1769].

Schieber GJ, Gottret P, Fleisher LK, Leive AA. Financing global health: mission unaccomplished. Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 921-934.

Davey G, Fekade D, Parry E. Must aid hinder attempts to reach the Millenium Development Goals? Lancet 2006; 367(9511): 629-631.

15 Gentilini M. La coopération sanitaire française dans les pays en développement. Méd Trop 2006; 66(4): 348-350.

Okie S. Global health; the Gates-Buffett effect. N Engl J Med 2006; 355(11): 1084-1088.

Ooms G. Health development versus medical relief: the illusion versus the irrelevance of sustainability. PLoS Med 2006; 3(8): 1202-1205 [e345].

Ooms G, Derderian K, Melody D. Do we need a world health insurance to realise the right to health? PLoS Med 2006; 3(12): 2171-2176 [e530].

Ooms G. Health development versus medical relief: the illusion versus the irrelevance of sustainability. PLoS Med 2006; 3(8): 1202-1205 [e345].

Powell-Jackson T, Borghi J, Mueller DH, Patouillard E, Mills A. Countdown to 2015: tracking donor assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health. Lancet 2006; 368(9541): 1077-1087.

Shiffman J. Donor funding priorities for communicable disease control in the developing world. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(6): 411-420.

Walt G, Buse K. Global cooperation in international public health. In: Merson MH, Black RE, J MA, editors. International public health: diseases, programs, systems, and policies; 2nd ed. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006: 649-680. [ITM Library: SO/19983]

Costello A, Osrin D. The case for a new Global Fund for maternal, neonatal, and child survival. Lancet 2005; 366: 603-605.

Suhrcke M, Rechel B, Michaud C. Development assistance for health in central and eastern European region. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 920-927.

Crane BB, Dusenberry J. Power and politics in international funding for reproductive health: the US global Gag Rule. Reprod Health Matters 2004; 12(24): 128-137.

Griekspoor A, Spiegel P, Aldis W, Harvey P. The health sector gap in the southern Africa crisis in 2002/2003. Disasters 2004; 28: 388-404.

Horchler S, Gerhardus A, Schmidt-Ehry G, Schmidt-Ehry B, Korte R, Mitra SK, Sauerborn R. The role of research in a technical assistance agency: the case of the 'German Agency for Technical Co-operation'. Health Pol 2004; 70(2): 229-241.

Lautze S, Leaning J, Raven-Roberts A, Kent R, Mazurana D. Assistance, protection, and governance networks in complex emergencies. Lancet 2004; 364: 2134-2141.

Farmer P, Smith Fawzi MC, Nevil P. Unjust embargo of aid for Haiti. Lancet 2003; 361: 420-423.

Jacobs B, Price N. Community participation in externally funded health projects: lessons from Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 399-410.

Mercier JR. Health impact assessment in international development assistance: the World Bank experience. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 461-462.

Périn I, Attaran A. Trading ideology for dialogue: an opportunity to fix international aid for health? Lancet 2003; 361: 1216-1219.

16 Wiltzer PA. La politiques de coopération française dans le domaine de la santé. Cah Santé 2003; 13: 137-138.

A case for aid; building a consensus for development assistance. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2002: 215 pp. [ITM Library: ZVM/17715]

Chevalier AC, Beauquesne I, Gagnayre R. Analyse des conditions préalables à la mise en oeuvre de formations en santé dans le cadre de l'aide humanitaire. Santé Publique 2002; 14: 37-46. de Mul E. Coordination of humanitarian aid, a UN perspective. Lancet 2002; 360: 335-336. Gollogly L. The dilemmas of aid: Cambodia 1992-2002. Lancet 2002; 360: 793-798.

Hill PS. Organizational responses to a changing aid environment: the German Agency for Technical Cooperation (GTZ). Int J Health Plann Manag 2002; 17: 213-227.

Mayhew SH. Donor dealings: the impact of international donor aid on sexual and reproductive health services. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 220-224.

Robertson DW, Bedell R, Lavery JV, Upshur R. What kind of evidence do we need to justify humanitarian medical aid? Lancet 2002; 360: 330-333.

Sogge D. Give & take; what's the matter with foreign aid? London: Zed Books, 2002: 236 pp. (Global Issues Series). [ITM Library: ZVM/17836]

Bodart C, Servais G, Mohamed YL, Schmidt-Ehry B. The influence of health sector reform and external assistance in Burkina Faso. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 74-86.

Collins S. Changing the way we address severe malnutrition during famine. Lancet 2001; 358: 498-501.

Daniels D. A case study on the European Commission's contribution to development assistance and health (DAH). Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 26 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG6; 7).

Einterz EM. International aid and medical practice in the less-developed world: doing it right. Lancet 2001; 357: 1524-1525.

Getting science into international aid [editorial]. Lancet 2001; 358: 1827.

Global Forum for Health Research. Monitoring financial flows for health research. Geneva: Global Forum for Health Research, 2001: 57 pp. [ITM Library: SOCA/17804]

Homedes N. Managing externally financed projects: the Integrated Primary Health Care Project in Bolivia. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 386-394.

Issaka-Tinorgah A. Notes on international development assistance in health and its effectiveness; the interests of recipient countries. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 12 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG6; 9).

Jerve AM. Ideas work better than money in generating reform - but how? Assessing efficiency of Swedish development assistance in health to Vietnam. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 22 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG6; 3).

17 Narayan R. Review of externally aided projects in the context of their integration into the health service delivery in Karnataka. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 60 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG6; 8).

Rhodes G, Schreuder B, Toonen J, Vassall A. Sector wide approaches in health: moving from theory to practice; KIT conference, November 27-28, 2000. Med Mundi Int Newsl 2001; 66: 27-36.

Richards T. New global health fund; must be well managed if it is to narrow the gap between rich and poor countries. BMJ 2001; 322: 1321-1322

Salama P, Buzard N, Spiegel P. Improving standards in international humanitarian response: the Sphere Project and beyond [letter]. JAMA 2001; 286: 531-532.

Forman S, Ghosh R, editors. Promoting reproductive health; investing in health and development. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000: 315 pp. (Studies in Multilateralism) [ITM Library: UTT/16566]

Harris E, Tanner M. Health technology transfer. BMJ 2000; 321: 817-820.

Sitthi-Amorn C, Somrongthong R. Strengthening health research capacity in developing countries: a critical element for achieving health equity. BMJ 2000; 321: 813-815.

Wall S. Public health research cooperation and capacity building; some experiences from a longterm North-South venture; keynote address at the Public Health Conference in Tartu, Estonia, 18 September 1998. Eur J Public Health 2000; 10: 7-10.

Zeballos JL, Savedoff B, Beeharry G, Cavanaugh K. A roundtable discussion on international cooperation in health reform in the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2000; 8: 140-146.

External non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

Sabri B, Siddiqi S, Ahmed AM, Kakar FK, Perrot J. Towards sustainable delivery of health services in Afghanistan: options for the future. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(9): 712-718.

Alonso A, Brugha R. Rehabilitating the health system after conflict in East Timor: a shift from NGO to government leadership. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(3): 206-216.

Dijkzeul D, Lynch CA. NGO management and health care financing approaches in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Global Public Health 2006; 1(2): 157-172.

Cohen D. Achieving food security in vulnerable populations. BMJ 2005; 331: 775-777.

Delisle H, Hatcher Roberts J, Munro M, Jones L, Gyorkos TW. The role of NGO's in global health research for development. Health Res Pol Systems 2005; 3(3): 21 pp. [Available from: http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/3/1/3 ]

Gómez-Jauregui J. The feasibility of government partnerships with NGOs in the reproductive health field in Mexico. Reprod Health Matters 2004; 12(24): 42-55.

Lautze S, Leaning J, Raven-Roberts A, Kent R, Mazurana D. Assistance, protection, and governance networks in complex emergencies. Lancet 2004; 364: 2134-2141.

18 Pfeiffer J. International NGOs and primary health care in Mozambique: the need for a new model of collaboration. Soc Sci Med 2002; 56: 725-738.

19 HEALTH POLICY

Health systems research

Countdown Working Group on Health Policy and Health Systems. Assessment of the health system and policy environment as a critical complement to tracking intervention coverage for maternal, newborn, and child health. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1284-1293.

Reich MR, Takemi K, Roberts MJ, Hsiao WC. Global action on health systems: a proposal for the Toyako G8 summit. Lancet 2008; 371(9615): 865-869.

Barr DA. A research protocol to evaluate the effectiveness of public-private partnerships as a means to improve health and welfare systems worldwide. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(1): 19-25.

Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. A framework for assessing health systems from the public's perspective: the ALPS approach. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(2): 363-378.

Dawad S, Veenstra N. Comparative health systems research in a context of HIV/AIDS: lessons from a multi-country study in South Africa, Tanzania and Zambia. Health Res Pol Systems 2007; 5(13): 6 pp. [Available from: http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/5/1/13 ] de Mello Vianna CM, Caetano R, Ortega JA, de Figueiredo Façanha LO, Gonzalez Mosegui GB, Siqueira M, Barros Costa T. Flows of financial resources for health research and development in Brazil, 2000-2002. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(2): 124-130.

Liu X, Hotchkiss DR, Bose S. The impact of contracting-out on health system performance: a conceptual framework. Health Pol 2007; 82(2): 200-211.

Masiye F. Investigating health system performance: an application of data envelopment analysis to Zambian hospitals. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(58): 11 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/7/58]

González Block MA. The state of international collaboration for health systems research: what do publications tell? Health Res Pol Systems 2006; 4(7): 11 pp. [Available from: http://www.health- policy-systems.com/content/4/1/7]

Suraratdecha C, Okunade AA. Measuring operational efficiency in a health care system: a case study from Thailand. Health Pol 2006; 77(1): 2-23.

Doyle J, Waters E, Yach D, McQueen D, De Francisco A, Stewart T, Reddy P, Gulmezogly AM, Galea G, Portela A. Global priority setting for Cochrane systematic reviews of health promotion and public health research. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005; 59: 193-197.

Shengelia B, Tandon A, Adams OB, Murray CJL. Access, utilization, quality, and effective coverage: an integrated conceptual framework and measurement strategy. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 97-109.

Tomson G, Paphassarang C, Jönsson K, Houamboun K, Akkhavong K, Wahlström R. Decision-makers and the usefulness of research evidence in policy implementation; a case study from Lao PDR. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 1291-1299.

Gonzalez Block MA. Health policy and systems research agendas in developing countries. Health Res Pol Systems 2004; 2(6): 12 pp. [Available from: www.health-policy-systems.com/content/2/1/6] 20

Lansang MA, Dennis R. Building capacity in health research in the developing world. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 764-770.

Lauer JA, Knox Lovell CA, Murray CJL, Evans DB. World health system performance revisited: the impact of varying the relative importance of health system goals. BMC Health Serv Res 2004; 4(19): 8 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/4/19 ]

Meng Q, Shi G, Yang H, Gonzalez-Block M, Blas E. Health policy and systems research in China. Geneva: UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), 2004: 24 pp. (TDR/GEN/SEB/04.1).

Mills A, Palmer N, Gilson L, McIntyre D, Schneider H, Sinanovic E, Wadee H. The performance of different models of primary care provision in Southern Africa. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 931-943.

Sadana R, D'Souza C, Hyder AA, Chowdhury AMR. Importance of health research in South Asia. BMJ 2004; 328: 826-830.

Sanders D, Labonte R, Baum F, Chopra M. Making research matter: a civil society perspective on health research. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 757-763.

Towse A, Mills A, Tangcharoensathien V. Learning from Thailand's health reforms. BMJ 2004; 328: 103-105.

WHO. World report on knowledge for better health; strengthening health systems. Rapport mondial sur les connaissances pour une meilleure santé; renforcement des systèmes de santé; sommaire. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2004: 146 + 38 pp. [ITM Library: SOCA/18891]

Borroto Gutiérrez SM, Mizota T, Rakue Y. Comparison of four health systems: Cuba, China, Japan and the USA; an approach to reality. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2003; 34: 937-946.

Gonzalez Block MA, Mills A. Assessing capacity for health policy and systems research in low and middle income countries. BMC Health Res Pol Systems 2003; 1(1): 20 pp.

Kroeger A, Hernandez JM. Health services analysis as a tool for evidence-based policy decisions: the case of the Ministry of Health and Social Security in Mexico. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 1157-1164.

Murray CJL, Evans DB, editors. Health systems performance assessment; debates, methods and empiricism. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2003: 927 pp. [ITM Library: SOCA/18317]

Pang T, Sadana R, Hanney S, Bhutta ZA, Hyder AA, Simon J. Knowledge for better health; a conceptual framework and foundation for health research systems. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 815-820.

Sadana R, Pang T. Health research systems: a framework for the future. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 159.

Sen K, editor. Restructuring health services; changing contexts and comparative perspectives. London: Zed Books, 2003: 260 pp. [ITM Library: SO/17987]

Atkinson S. Political cultures, health systems and health policy. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 113-124.

21 Frenk J, Gómez-Dantés O. Globalisation and the challenges to health systems. BMJ 2002; 325: 95-97.

Kroeger A, Falkenberg T, Tomson G, Sen K, Diesfeld HJ, Dujardin B, Tang S, Van der Stuyft P. Does Brussels listen? European health systems research in developing countries at the edge of extinction [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 101-103.

Qadeer I, Sen K, Nayar KR, editors. Public health and the poverty of reforms; the South Asian predicament. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2001: 547 pp. [ITM Library: SO/17134]

Criel B. Lokale ziekteverzekeringssystemen in ontwikkelingslanden: een beleidsvoorbereidend onderzoek. Local health insurance systems in developing countries: a policy research paper. Ant- werpen: Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, Departement Volksgezondheid, 2000: 172 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/16793]

Grodos D, Mercenier P. Health systems research: a clearer methodology for more effective action. Antwerpen: ITMPress, 2000: 107 pp. (Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 15). [ITM Library: SOCA /16535] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ]

Grodos D, Mercenier P. La recherche sur les systèmes de santé: mieux comprendre la méthodolo- gie pour mieux agir. Antwerpen: ITMPress, 2000: 114 pp. (Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 14). [ITM Library: SOCA /16541] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ]

Grodos D. Le district sanitaire urbain en Afrique subsaharienne; enjeux, pratiques et politiques [dissertation]. Louvain-la-Neuve: Université Catholique de Louvain, Faculté de Médecine, Départe- ment de Santé Publique, 2000: 596 pp. [ITM Library: SO.1/17099]

Simon J. Does strengthening research capacity improve health equity? BMJ 2000; 321: 816-817.

The Working Group on Priority Setting. Priority setting for health research: lessons from developing countries. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 130-136.

Tollman SM, Zwi AB. Health system reform and the role of field sites based upon demographic and health surveillance. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 125-134.

Wall S. Public health research cooperation and capacity building; some experiences from a longterm North-South venture; keynote address at the Public Health Conference in Tartu, Estonia, 18 September 1998. Eur J Public Health 2000; 10: 7-10.

• World Health Report 2000 controversy

Musgrove P. The perils of adding up: a cautionary tale about modeling and regression analysis. Int J Health Serv 2004; 34: 11-14.

Navarro V. The world situation and WHO. Lancet 2004; 363: 1321-1323

Brundtland GH, Frenk J, Murray CJL. WHO assessment of health systems performance [letter]. Lancet 2003; 361: 2155.

22 Musgrove P. Judging health systems: reflections on WHO's methods. Lancet 2003; 361: 1817-1820.

Nolte E, McKee M. Measuring the health of nations: analysis of mortality amenable to health care. BMJ 2003; 327: 1129-1132.

Richardson J, Wildman J, Robertson IK. A critique of the World Health Organisation's evaluation of health system performance. Health Econ 2003; 12: 355-366.

Travassos C. Assessing health systems' performance: a critical appraisal of the WHO World Health Report 2000. In: Sen K, editor. Restructuring health services; changing contexts and comparative perspectives. London: Zed Books, 2003: 67-76. [ITM Library: SO/17987]

Coyne JS, Hilsenrath P. The World Health Report 2000: can health care systems be compared using a single measure of performance? Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 30,32-33.

Möller Pedersen K. The World Health report 2000: dialogue of the deaf? Health Econ 2002; 11: 93-101.

Navarro V. The World Health Report 2000: can health care systems be compared using a single measure of performance? Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 31,33-34.

Ollila E, Koivusalo M. The World Health Report 2000: World Health Organization health policy steering off course; changed values, poor evidence, and lack of accountability. Int J Health Serv 2002; 32: 503-514.

Shaw RP. World Health Report 2000 "financial fairness indicator": useful compass or crystal ball? Int J Health Serv 2002; 32: 195-203.

Wagstaff A. Reflections on and alternatives to WHO's fairness of financial contribution index. Health Econ 2002; 11: 103-115.

Yach D. Unleashing the power of prevention to achieve global health-gains. Lancet 2002; 360: 1343-1344.

Yamey G. WHO in 2002: have the latest reforms reversed WHO's decline? BMJ 2002; 325: 1107-1112.

Yamey G. WHO in 2002: interview with Gro Brundtland. BMJ 2002; 325: 1355-1361.

Almeida C, Braveman P, Gold MR, Szwarcwald CL, Mendes Ribeiro J, Miglionico A, Millar JS, Porto S, do Rosário Costa N, Ortun Rubio V, Segall M, Starfield B, Travessos C, Uga A, Valente J, Viacava F. Methodological concerns and recommendations on policy consequences of the World Health Report 2000. Lancet 2001; 357: 1692-1697.

Braveman P, Starfield B, Geiger HJ. World Health Report 2000: how it removes equity from the agenda for public health monitoring and policy. BMJ 2001; 323: 678-680.

Domingues Uga A, de Almeida CM, Landmann Szwarcwald C, Travassos C, Viacava F, Mendes Ribeiro J, do Rosário Costa N, Marchiori Buss P, Porto S. Considerations on methodology used in the World Health Organization 2000 report. Cad Saúde Pública 2001; 17: 705-712.

Houweling TAJ, Kunst AE, Mackenbach JP. World Health Report 2000: inequality index and socioeconomic inequalities in mortality. Lancet 2001; 357: 1671-1672. 23

McKee M. Measuring the efficiency of health systems; the World Health Report sets the agenda, but there's still a long way to go [editorial]. BMJ 2001; 323: 295-296.

Murray C, Frenk J. World Health Report 2000: a step towards evidence-based health policy. Lancet 2001; 357: 1698-1700.

Murray CJL, Frenk J, Evans D, Kawabata K, Lopez A, Adams O. Science or marketing at WHO? A response to Williams. Health Econ 2001; 10: 277-282.

Navarro V. Science of ideology ? A response to Murray and Frenk. Int J Health Serv 2001; 31: 875-880.

Navarro V. The new conventional wisdom: an evaluation of the WHO report: health systems: improving performance. Int J Health Serv 2001; 31: 23-33.

Navarro V. World Health Report 2000: responses to Murray and Frenk [letter]. Lancet 2001; 357: 1701-1702.

Walt G, Mills A. World Health Report 2000: responses to Murray and Frenk [letter]. Lancet 2001; 357: 1702-1703.

Wibulpolprasert S, Tangcharoensathien V. Health systems performance - what's next? [editorial]. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 489.

Williams A. Science or marketing at WHO? a commentary on 'World Health 2000'. Health Econ 2001; 10: 93-100.

Williams A. Science or marketing at WHO? A rejoinder from Alan Williams. Health Econ 2001; 10: 283-285.

OMS. Rapport sur la santé dans le monde 2000; pour un système de santé plus performant. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), 2000: 237 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/whr/2000/]

WHO. The world health report 2000; health systems: improving performance. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2000: 215 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/whr/2000/]

Health policy

• General

Almeida C, Báscolo E. Use of research results in policy decision-making, formulation, and implementation: a review of the literature. Cad Saúde Pública 2006; 22(Supl.): S7-S19.

Ashford LS, Smith RR, De Souza RM, Fikree FF, Yinger NV. Creating windows of opportunity for policy change: incorporating evidence into decentralized planning in Kenya. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(8): 669-672.

Frenk J. Bridging the divide: global lessons from evidence-based health policy in Mexico. Lancet 2006; 368(9539): 954-961.

24 Green A, Collins C. Management and planning for public health. In: Merson MH, Black RE, J MA, editors. International public health: diseases, programs, systems, and policies; 2nd ed. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006: 553-599. [ITM Library: SO/19983]

Harpham T, Tuan T. From research evidence to policy: mental health care in Viet Nam. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(8): 664-668.

Waters E, Doyle J, Jackson N, Howes F, Brunton G, Oakley A. Evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions: the role and activities of the Cochrane Collaboration. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60(4): 285-289.

Lavis JN, Becerra Posada F, Haines A, Osei E. Use of research to inform public policymaking. Lancet 2004; 364: 1615-1621.

Sanders D, Labonte R, Baum F, Chopra M. Making research matter: a civil society perspective on health research. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 757-763.

Volmink J, Siegfried N, Robertson K, Gülmezoglu AM. Research synthesis and dissemination as a bridge to knowledge management: the Cochrane Collaboration. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 778-783.

Kapiriri L, Frithjof Norheim O, Heggenhougen K. Using burden of disease information for health planning in developing countries: the experience from Uganda. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 2433-2441.

Liu X. Policy tools for allocative efficiency of health services. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2003: 155 pp. [ITM Library: SOD/18293]

McNaught A. Health policy and its implementation in small island developing states in the British West Indies. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18: 313-328.

Msuya JM, Nyaruhucha CNM, Kaswahili J. Does preventive health care have a chance in the changing health sector in Tanzania? East Afr Med J 2003; 80: 135-139.

Peters DH, Rao KS, Fryatt R. Lumping and splitting: the health policy agenda in India. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 249-260.

Hornby P, Perera HSR. A development framework for promoting evidence-based policy action: drawing on experiences in Sri Lanka. Int J Health Plann Manag 2002; 17: 165-183.

Green A, Ali B, Naeem A, Vassall A. Using costing as a district planning and management tool in Balochistan, Pakistan. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 180-186.

Kirigia JM, Sambo LG, Agu VU, Lambo E. How to develop an operational plan for health. East Afr Med J 2001; 78(3(Suppl)): S14-S19.

Filmer D, Hammer JS, Pritchett LH. Weak links in the chain: a diagnosis of health policy in poor countries. World Bank Res Observer 2000; 15: 199-224.

• Horizontal versus vertical health programs

Shiffman J. Has donor prioritization of HIV/AIDS displaced aid for other health issues? Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(2): 95-100.

25 England R. Are we spending too much on HIV? BMJ 2007; 334(7589): 344.

Haines A. Contribution of health systems to disease control [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(11): 1275-1278.

Dare L, Reeler A. Health systems financing: putting together the "back office". BMJ 2005; 331: 759-762.

Mills A. Mass campaigns versus general health services: what have we learnt in 40 years about vertical versus horizontal approaches? Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 315-316 [+ 317-319].

Arguing the case for strengthening health systems [interview with Timothy Evans]. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 956-958.

Atun RA, Lennox-Chhugani N, Drobniewski F, Samyshkin YA, Coker RJ. A framework and toolkit for capturing the communicable disease programmes within health systems; tuberculosis control as an illustrative example. Eur J Public Health 2004; 14: 267-273.

Coetzee D, Hilderbrand K, Goemaere E, Matthys F, Boelaert M. Integrating tuberculosis and HIV care in the primary care setting in South Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: A11-A15.

Coker R, Atun R, McKee M. Untangling Gordian knots: improving tuberculosis control through the development of 'programme theories'. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19: 217-226.

Criel B, Kegels G, Van der Stuyft P. A framework for analysing the relationship between disease control programmes and basic health care [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: A1-A4.

Litsios S. The Christian Medical Commission and the development of the World Health Organization's primary health care approach. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 1884-1893.

Van Balen H. Disease control in primary health care: a historical perspective. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: A22-A26.

Victora CG, Hanson K, Bryce J, Vaughan JP. Achieving universal coverage with health interventions. Lancet 2004; 364: 1541-1548.

Fidler DP. Emerging trends in international law concerning global infectious disease control. Emerging Infect Dis 2003; 9: 285-290.

Gloyd S, Suarez Torres J, Mercer MA. Immunization campaigns and political agendas: retrospective from Ecuador and El Salvador. Int J Health Serv 2003; 33: 113-128.

Knowledge into action for child survival. Lancet 2003; 362: 323-327.

Mallick SN. Integration of leprosy control with primary health care. Lepr Rev 2003; 74: 148-153.

Mancini DJ, Stecklov G, Stewart JF. The effect of structural characteristics on family planning program performance in Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 2123-2137.

26 Mills A, Hanson K, editors. Expanding access to health interventions in low and middle-income countries: constraints and opportunities for scaling-up. Chichester: Wiley, 2003: 131 pp. (Journal of International Development; 15(1)). [ITM Library: SO/18966]

Msuya J. Horizontal and vertical delivery of health services: what are the trade offs? Washing- ton: World Bank, 2003: 28 pp. [Available from: http://go.worldbank.org/I8BWR3DCQ0 ]

Msuya JM, Nyaruhucha CNM, Kaswahili J. Does preventive health care have a chance in the changing health sector in Tanzania? East Afr Med J 2003; 80: 135-139.

Obimbo EM. Primary health care, selective or comprehensive, which way to go? East Afr Med J 2003; 80: 7-25.

Unger JP, De Paepe P, Green A. A code of best practice for disease control programmes to avoid damaging health care services in developing countries. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18(Suppl.1): S27-S39.

Bangser M. Policy environments: macroeconomics, programming, and participation. In: Sen G, George A, Östlin P, editors. Engendering international health; the challenge of equity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002: 257-280. (Basic Bioethics). [ITM Library: SO/18024]

Blaise P. Le management de la qualité dans les systèmes de santé en Afrique; entre programme vertical et stratégie de changement, des espoirs déçus et des contraintes mal maîtrisées [dissertation]. Bruxelles: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ecole de Santé Publique, 2002: 18 pp. [ITM Library: SO/17744]

Kunasol P, Limpakarnjanarat K, Thongcharoen P. Public health sciences and policy in developing countries; 4th ed. In: Detels R, McEwen J, Beaglehole R, Tanaka H, editors. Oxford textbook of public health; the practice of public health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002: 951-955. [ITM Library: SO/17573]

Petersen I, Swartz L. Primary health care in the era of HIV/AIDS; some implications for health systems reform. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 1005-1013.

Hanson S. Health sector reform and STD/AIDS control in resource poor setting; the case of Tanzania. Int J Health Plann Manag 2000; 15: 341-360.

• Sector-wide approach (SWAP)

Sundewall J, Forsberg BC, Tomson G. Theory and practice; a case study of coordination and ownership in the Bangladesh health SWAp. Health Res Pol Systems 2006; 4(5): 8 pp. [Available from: http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/4/1/5 ]

Sundewall J, Sahlin-Andersson K. Translations of health sector SWAps; a comparative study of health sector development cooperation in Uganda, Zambia and Bangladesh. Health Pol 2006; 76(3): 277-287.

Elsey H, Kilonzo N, Tolhurst R, Molyneux C. Bypassing districts? Implications of sector-wide approaches and decentralization for integrating gender equity in Uganda and Kenya. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 150-157.

Mugisha F, Birungi H, Askew I. Are reproductive health NGO's in Uganda able to engage in the health SWAp? Int J Health Plann Manag 2005; 20: 227-238. 27

Orinda V, Kakande H, Kabarangira J, Nanda G, Mbonye AK. A sector-wide approach to emergency obstetric care in Uganda. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 91: 285-291.

Jeppsson A. SWAp dynamics in a decentralized context: experiences from Uganda. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 2053-2060.

Hill PS. The rhetoric of sector-wide approaches for health development. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1725-1737.

Rhodes G, Schreuder B, Toonen J, Vassall A. Sector wide approaches in health: moving from theory to practice; KIT conference, November 27-28, 2000. Med Mundi Int Newsl 2001; 66: 27-36.

Goodburn E, Campbell O. Reducing maternal mortality in the developing world: sector-wide approaches may be the key. BMJ 2001; 322: 917-920.

• Community participation

Sapag JC, Kawachi I. Capital social y promoción de la salud en América Latina. Rev Saúde Pública 2007; 41(1): 139-149.

Diedhiou A, Ndiaye P, Sourang AM, Ba AD, Diallo I. Participation communautaire et promotion de la santé: l'expérience des comités d'hygiène et de salubrité du district de Touba (Sénégal). Cah Santé 2006; 16(1): 43-47.

Laverack G. Improving health outcomes through community empowerment: a review of the literature. J Health Popul Nutr 2006; 24(1): 113-120.

Gazi R, Uddin AHN, Nazrul H. Involving community in the process of local level planning: modalities in the Thana functional improvement pilot project of Bangladesh. J Health Manag 2005; 7(1): 141-150.

Golooba-Mutebi F. When popular participation won't improve service provision: primary health care in Uganda. Dev Pol Rev 2005; 23: 165-182.

Mosavel M, Simon C, van Stade D, Buchbinder M. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) in South Africa: engaging multiple constituents to shape the research question. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 2577-2587.

Munyanshongore C, Kyamusugulwa PM, Katambwe VW. Participation communautaire à la santé dans la zone de santé urbaine de Bukavu (République démocratique du Congo). Cah Santé 2005; 15(4): 235-240.

Bowyer T. Popular participation and the State: democratizing the health sector in rural Peru. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19: 131-161.

Hossain SMM, Bhuiya A, Khan AR, Uhaa I. Community development and its impact on health: South Asian experience. BMJ 2004; 328: 830-833.

Kerouedan D, Dauby P. Questions autour de la démocratie sanitaire en Afrique. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 609-612.

28 Manandhar DS, Osrin D, Shrestha BP, Mesko N, Morrison J, Tumbahangphe KM, Tamang S, Thapa S, Shrestha D, Thapa B, Shrstha JR, Wade A, Borghi J, Standing H, Manandhar M, De L AM. Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 970-979 [+ 914-915].

Murthy RK, Klugman B. Service accountability and community participation in the context of health sector reforms in Asia: implications for sexual and reproductive health services. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19(Suppl.1): i78-i86.

Uzochukwu BSC, Akpala CO, Onwujekwe OE. How do health workers and community members perceive and practice community participation in the Bamako Initiative programme in Nigeria? A case study of Oji River local government area. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 157-162.

Greene R. Effective community health participation strategies: a Cuban example. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18: 105-116.

Jacobs B, Price N. Community participation in externally funded health projects: lessons from Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 399-410.

Kapiriri L, Norheim OF, Heggenhougen K. Public participation in health planning and priority setting at the district level in Uganda. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 205-213.

Morone JA, Kilbreth EH. Power to the people? Restoring citizen participation. J Health Polit Pol Law 2003; 28: 271-288.

Osrin D, Mesko N, Shrestha BP, Shrestha D, Tamang S, Thapa S, Tumbahangphe KM, Shrestha JR, Manandhar MK, Manandhar DS, Standing H, De L Costello AM. Implementing a community-based participatory intervention to improve essential newborn care in rural Nepal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2003; 97: 18-21.

Xu Z, Wang A, Xu Y. Community health nursing in the People's Republic of China: evolution, status, and challenges. Home Health Care Manag Pract 2003; 15(5): 399-406.

Béhague DP, Gonçalves H, Dias da Costa J. Making medicine for the poor: primary health care interpretations in Pelotas, Brazil. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 131-143.

Bishai D, Niessen LW, Shrestha M. Local governance and community financing of primary care: evidence from Nepal. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 202-206.

Emond A, Pollock J, da Costa N, Maranhao T, Macedo A. The effectiveness of community-based interventions to improve maternal and infant health in the Northeast of Brazil. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2002; 12: 101-110.

Mehrotra S, Jarrett SW. Improving basic health service delivery in low-income countries: 'voice' to the poor. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1685-1690.

Ndiaye P, Tal-Dia A, Sambou R, Wone I, Diallo I. Bilan et perspectives de la participation communautaire au centre hospitalier régional de Ziguinchor (Sénégal). Cah Santé 2002; 12: 383-387.

Sheffmann J. The construction of community participation: village family planning groups and the Indonesian state. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1199-1214.

29 Unger JP, El Abassi A, Traore FN. The community development of "public" services. [s.l.]: [s.n.], [2002]: 23 pp.

Van der Vennet J. Community participation in Bolivia: how to transcend populism. INFI Newsl 2002; 7(13): 35-40.

Van der Vennet J. La participation populaire en Bolivie: comment dépasser le populisme? Lett RIAC 2002; 7(13): 35-40.

Balique H, Ouattara O, Ag Iknane A. Dix ans d'expérience des centres de santé communautaire au Mali. Santé Publique 2001; 13: 35-48.

Li VC, Shaoxia W, Kunyi W, Wentao Z, Buchthal O, Wong GC, Burris MA. Capacity building to improve women's health in rural China. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 279-292.

Morgan LM. Community participation in health: perpetual allure, persistent challenge. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 221-230.

Mosquera M, Zapata Y, Lee K, Arango C, Varela A. Strengthening user participation through health sector reform in Colombia: a study of institutional change and social representation. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16(Suppl.2): 52-60.

Nissinen A, Berrios X, Puska P. Community-based noncommunicable disease interventions: lessons from developed countries for developing ones. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 963-970.

Ramiro LS, Castillo FA, Tan-Torres T, Torres CE, Tayag JG, Talampas RG, Hawken L. Community participation in local health boards in decentralized setting: cases from the Philippines. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16(Suppl.2): 61-69.

République Togolaise, Ministère de la Santé, Direction Générale de la Santé. Gestion communautaire en matière de santé au Togo. Lomé: Echos d'Afrique, 2000: 124 pp. [ITM Library: SO.1/17873]

Country studies

Several websites offer country data and information mostly oriented towards the fields they specialize in:

- WHO (health systems, disease burden) [Available from: http://www.who.int/countries/en/ ] - DHS (reproductive health) [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/ ] - World Bank (mostly economic and development indicators) [Available from: http://go.worldbank.org/FFZ0CTE2V0 ] - UNDP (MDGs, development) [Available from: http://www.undp.org/countries/ ]

• Africa

Bradshaw D, Norman R, Lewin S, Joubert J, Schneider M, Nannan N, Groenewald P, Laubscher R, Matzopoulos R, Nojilana B, Pieterse D, Steyn K, Vos T. Strengthening public health in South Africa: building a stronger evidence base for improving the health of the nation. S Afr Med J 2007; 97(8(2)): 643-649.

30 Glenngard AH, Maina TM. Reversing the trend of weak policy implementation in the Kenyan health sector? A study of budget allocation and spending of health resources versus set priorities. Health Res Pol Systems 2007; 5(3): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.health-policy-systems.com/content/5/1/3]

Ridde V. Equité et mise en oeuvre des politiques de santé au Burkina Faso. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2007: 536 pp. [ITM Library: SO.1/19930]

Haddad S, Nougtara A, Fournier P. Learning from health system reforms: lessons from Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(12): 1889-1897.

Sanders D, Chopra M. Key challenges to achieving health for all in an equitable society: the case of South Africa. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(1): 73-78.

Schneider H, Gilson L, Ogden J, Lush L, Walt G. Health systems and the implementation of disease programmes: case studies from South Africa. Global Public Health 2006; 1(1): 49-64.

Ben Hamida A, Fakhfakh R, Miladi W, Zouari B, Nacef T. La transition sanitaire en Tunisie au cours des 50 dernières années. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11: 181-191.

Golooba-Mutebi F. When popular participation won't improve service provision: primary health care in Uganda. Dev Pol Rev 2005; 23: 165-182.

Jeppsson A, Birungi H, Östergren PO, Hagström B. The global-local dilemma of a Ministry of Health; experiences from Uganda. Health Pol 2005; 72(3): 311-320.

Leather A, Ismail EA, Ali R, Abdi YA, Abby MH, Gulaid SA, Walhad SA, Guleid S, Ervine IM, Lowe-Lauri M, Parker M, Adams S, Datema M, Parry E. Working together to rebuild health care in post-conflict Somaliland. Lancet 2005; 368(9541): 1119-1125.

Benatar SR. Health care reform and the crisis of HIV and AIDS in South Africa. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 81-92.

Duponchel JL. Bilan des soins de santé primaires. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 533-538 [Mali].

Gilbert T, Gilbert L. Globalisation and local power: influences on health matters in South Africa. Health Pol 2004; 67(3): 245-255.

Jarawan E, Pena C. The health sector in Eritrea. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 96 pp. (World Bank Country Studies). [ITM Library: SO.1/18699]

Kapiriri L, Norheim OF. Criteria for priority-setting in health care in Uganda: exploration of stakeholders' values. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 172-179.

Kapp C. Health and hunger in Zimbabwe. Lancet 2004; 364: 1569-1572. 31

Mills A, Palmer N, Gilson L, McIntyre D, Schneider H, Sinanovic E, Wadee H. The performance of different models of primary care provision in Southern Africa. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 931-943.

Okuonzi SA. Dying for economic growth? Evidence of a flawed economic policy in Uganda. Lancet 2004; 364: 1632-1637.

Okuonzi SA. Learning from failed health reform in Uganda. BMJ 2004; 329: 1173-1176; +1176-1177. van Rensburg HCJ, editor. Health and health care in South Africa. Pretoria: Van Schaik Publishers, 2004: 626 pp. [ITM Library: SO.1/19505]

Jeppson A, Östergren PO, Hagström B. Restructuring a ministry of health; an issue of structure and process: a case study from Uganda. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 68-73.

Low A, Ithindi T, Low A. A step too far? Making health equity interventions in Namibia more suffi- cient. Int J Equity Health 2003; 2(5): 7 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/2/1/5 ]

Maiga Z, Traore Nafo F, El Abassi A. Health sector reform in Mali, 1989-1996. Antwerp: ITGPress, 2003: 132 pp. (Van Lerberghe W, Kegels G De Brouwere V, editors. Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 20). [Available from: http://www.itg.be/shsop ]

Sissoko D, Receveur MC, Medinger G, Coulaud X, Polycarpe D. Mayotte: situation sanitaire à l'ère de la départementalisation. Méd Trop 2003; 63: 553-558.

Sbai Idrissi K. La santé dans le Royaume du Maroc. Méd Trop 2002; 62: 489-496.

Horton R. Ghana: defining the African challenge. Lancet 2001; 358: 2141-2149.

Walker ARP. Changes in public health in South Africa from 1876. J R Soc Promot Health 2001; 121(2): 85-93.

• Latin America and Caribbean

Espinoza E, Barten F. Health reform in El Salvador: a lost opportunity for reducing health inequity and social exclusion? J Epidemiol Community Health 2008; 62(5): 380-381.

Franco M, Kennelly JF, Cooper RS, Ordúñez-García P. La salud en Cuba y los objetivos de desarollo del milenio. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2007; 21(4): 239-250.

Anderson T. The structuring of health systems and the control of infectious disease: looking at Mexico and Cuba. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 19(6): 423-431.

Cooper RS, Kennelly JK, Orduñez-Garcia P. Health in Cuba. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35(4): 817-824 [+ 825-826].

De Vos P, De Ceukelaire W, Van der Stuyft P. Colombia and Cuba, contrasting models in Latin America's health sector reform. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(10): 1604-1612.

Frenk J, González-Pier E, Gómez-Dantés O, Lezana MA, Knaul FM. Comprehensive reform to improve health system performance in Mexico. Lancet 2006; 368(9546): 1524-1534. 32

Gakidou E, Lozano R, González-Pier E, Abbott-Klafter J, Barofsky T, Bryson-Cahn C, Feehan DM, Lee DK, Hernández-Llamas H, Murray CJL. Assessing the effect of the 2001-06 Mexican health reform: an interim report card. Lancet 2006; 368(9550): 1920-1935.

González-Pier E, Gutiérrez-Delgado C, Stevens G, Barraza-Lloréns M, Porras-Condey R, Carvalho N, Loncich K, Dias RH, Kulkarni S, Casey A, Murakami Y, Ezzati M, Salomon JA. Priority setting for health interventions in Mexico's System of Social Protection in Health. Lancet 2006; 368(9547): 1608-1618.

Iriart C, Waitzkin H. Argentina: no lesson learned. Int J Health Serv 2006; 36(1): 177-196.

Knaul FM, Arreola-Ornelas H, Méndez-Carniado O, Bryson-Cahn C, Barofsky J, Maguire R, Miranda M, Sesma S. Evidence is good for your health system: policy reform to remedy catastrophic and impoverishing health spending in Mexico. Lancet 2006; 368(9549): 1828-1841 [+ 1753-1755; + 1755-1756].

Lozano R, Soliz P, Gakidou E, Abbott-Klafter J, Feehan DM, Vidal C, Ortiz JP, Murray CJL. Benchmaking of performance of Mexican states with effective coverage. Lancet 2006; 368(9548): 1729-1741.

Muntaner C, Guerra Salazar RM, Benach J, Armada F. Venezuela's barrio adentro: an alternative to neoliberalism in health care. Int J Health Serv 2006; 36(4): 803-811.

Pushkar. Explaining paralysis in Chile's health sector, 1990-2000. Int J Health Serv 2006; 36(3): 605-622.

Urriola R. Chile: protección social de la salud. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 20(4): 273-286.

Vieira Machado C. Prioridades de saúde no Brasil nos anos 1990: três políticas, muitas liçoes. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 20(1): 44-49.

De Vos P. "No one left abandoned": Cuba's national health system since the 1959 revolution. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 189-207.

Nayeri K, López-Pardo CM. Economic crisis and access to care: Cuba's health care system since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 797-816.

Feo O, Siqueira CE. An alternative to the neoliberal model in health: the case of Venezuela. Int J Health Serv 2004; 34: 365-375.

Health sector reform in Bolivia; a decentralization case study. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 94 pp. (World Bank Country Studies). [ITM Library: SO.7/18685]

La Forgia G, Levine R, Díaz A, Rathe M. Fend for yourself; systemic failure in the Dominican health system. Health Pol 2004; 67(2): 173-186.

Rodriguez-Monguió R, Infante Campos A. Universal health care for Colombians 10 years after Law 100: challenges and opportunities. Health Pol 2004; 68(2): 129-142.

Trujillo AJ. Petro-state constraints on health policy: guidelines for workable reform in Venezuela. Health Pol 2004; 67(1): 39-55.

33 Bedregal P, Ferlie E. Evidence based primary care? A multi-tier, multiple stakeholder perspective from Chile. Int J Health Plann Manag 2001; 16: 47-60.

Aldighieri S, Eersel M, Malatre X, Ooms M. Le Surinam, un partenaire clef pour une cooperation régionale en santé publique dans les Guyanes. Méd Trop 2000; 60: 323-327.

Birn AE, Zimmerman S, Garfield R. To decentralize or not decentralize, is that the question? Nicaraguan health policy under structural adjustment in the 1990s. Int J Health Serv 2000; 30: 111-128.

Chomsky A. The threat of a good example: health and revolution in Cuba. In: Kim JY, Millen JV, Irwin A, Gershman J, editors. Dying for growth; global inequality and the health of the poor. Monroe: Common Courage Press, 2000: 331-357. (Becerra M, Chomsky A, Errington S, Farmer P, Fox K, Furin J, Irwin A, Kim JY, Millen JV, Rhatigan J,Sassy H, editors. Series in Health and Social Justice). [ITM Library: SOD/16601]

Fleury S, Belmartino S, Baris E, editors. Reshaping health care in Latin America; a comparative analysis of health care reform in Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico. Ottawa: International Development Research Centre (IDRC), 2000: 292 pp. [ITM Library: SO.7/16869] [Available from: http://network.idrc.ca/ev.php?ID=32413_201&ID2=DO_TOPIC]

Yepes FJ. Reforming pluralist systems: the case of Colombia. In: Mills A, editor. Reforming health sectors. London: Kegan Paul International, 2000: 188-200. (Dickens A, editor. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Annual Public Health Forum; 8). [ITM Library: SO/17344]

• Asia and Pacific

Eggleston K, Ling L, Qingyue M, Lindelow M, Wagstaff A. Health service delivery in China: a literature review. Health Econ 2008; 17(2): 149-165.

Reddy SG. Death in China: market reforms and health. Int J Health Serv 2008; 38(1): 125-141.

Gong S, Walker A, Shi G. From Chinese model to U. S. symptoms: the paradox of China's health system. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(4): 651-672.

Health policy and planning. In: Misra RP, editor. Geography of health; a treatise on geography of life and death in India. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 2007: 433-447. [ITM Library: ET.2/20734 M]

Alonso A, Brugha R. Rehabilitating the health system after conflict in East Timor: a shift from NGO to government leadership. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(3): 206-216.

Banerji D. Distortion of some of the basic principles of public health practice in India. Int J Health Serv 2006; 36(3): 623-629.

Collins T. The Georgian healthcare system; is it reaching the WHO health system goals? Int J Health Plann Manag 2006; 21(4): 297-312.

Danishevski K, Balabanova D, McKee M, Atkinson S. The fragmentary federation: experiences with the decentralized health system in Russia. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(3): 183-194.

Pincock S. Papua New Guinea struggles to reverse health decline. Lancet 2006; 368(9530): 107-108. 34

Watts J. China's rural health reforms tackle entrenched inequalities. Lancet 2006; 367(9522): 1564-1565.

Anson O, Sun S. Health care in rural China; lessons from HeBei Province. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005: 259 pp. [ITM Library: SO.2/19105]

Kim CY. The Korean economic crisis and coping strategies in the health sector: pro-welfarism or neoliberalism? Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 561-578.

Bloom G, Tang S, editors. Health care transition in urban China. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004: 228 pp. [ITM Library: SO.2/19104]

Liu Y. China's public health-care system: facing the challenges. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 532-538.

Sadrizadeh B. Strengthening primary health care in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In: Pierre-Louis AM, Akala FA, Karam HS, editors. Public health in the Middle East and North Africa; meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 115-125. (WBI Learning Resources Series). [ITM Library: SO.1/18687]

Sen K, Mehio-Sibai A. Transnational capital and confessional politics: the paradox of the health care system in Lebanon. Int J Health Serv 2004; 34: 527-551. von Schoen-Angerer T. Understanding health care in the south Caucasus: examples from Armenia. BMJ 2004; 329: 562-565.

Health policy making in India. Mumbai: Centre for Enquiry into Health and Allied Themes (CEHAT), 2002: 151 pp. (Health Panorama; 3). [ITM Library: SO.2/18637]

Jacquemart Y, Josse R. Papouasie Nouvelle Guinée. Méd Trop 2002; 62: 583-588.

Menard B. Viet-nam: entités infectieuses d'antan et avancées vers une société moderne. Méd Trop 2002; 62: 115-123.

Peters DH, Yazbeck AS, Sharma RR, Ramana GNV, Pritchett LH, Wagstaff A. Better health systems for India's poor; findings, analysis, and options. Washington: World Bank, 2002: 347 pp. (Health, Nutrition, and Population Series). [ITM Library: SO.2/17650]

Povey G, Mercer MA. East Timor in transition: health and health care. Int J Health Serv 2002; 32: 607-623.

D'Cruz P, Bharat S. Which way to turn? Inadequacies in the health care system in India. J Health Manag 2001; 3(1): 85-125.

Morris K. Growing pains of East Timor: health of an infant nation. Lancet 2001; 357: 873-877.

Vietnam: growing healthy; a review of Vietnam's health sector. Hanoi: Vietnam Development Information Center, 2001: 202 pp. [ITM Library: SO.2/17992]

Cattin O. Laos: un pays enclavé. Méd Trop 2000; 60: 121-124.

35 Green A. Reforming the health sector in Thailand: the role of policy actors on the policy stage. Int J Health Plann Manag 2000; 15: 39-59.

Kutty VR. Historical analysis of the development of health care facilities in Kerala State, India. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 103-109.

36 EQUITY

General

Barros AJD, Santos IS, Bertoldi AD. Can mothers rely on the Brazilian health system for their deliveries? An assessment of use of the public system and out-of-pocket expenditure in the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. BMC Health Serv Res 2008; 8(57): 7 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/8/57 ]

Countdown 2008 Equity Analysis Group. Mind the gap: equity and trends in coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health services in 54 Countdown countries. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1259-1267.

Kruk ME, Prescott MR, Galea S. Equity of skilled birth attendant utilization in developing countries: financing and policy determinants. Am J Public Health 2008; 98(1): 142-147.

Mulholland EK, Smith L, Cameiro I, Becher H, Lehmann D. Equity and child-survival strategies. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(5): 399-407.

Ottersen T, Mbilinyi D, Maestad O, Frithjof Norheim O. Distribution matters: equity considerations among health planners in Tanzania. Health Pol 2008; 85(2): 218-227.

Brikci N, Philips M. User or equity funds in low-income countries [comment]. Lancet 2007; 369(9555): 10-11.

Cissé B, Luchini S, Moatti JP. Progressivity and horizontal equity in health care finance and delivery: what about Africa? Health Pol 2007; 80(1): 51-68.

Gilson L, McIntyre D. Post-apartheid challenges: household access and use of health care in South Africa. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(4): 673-691.

Hatt L, Stanton C, Makowiecka K, Adisasmita A, Achadi E, Ronsmans C. Did the strategy of skilled attendance at birth reach the poor in Indonesia? Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 774-782.

Marmot M. Achieving health equity: from root causes to fair outcomes. Lancet 2007; 370(9593): 1153-1163.

Reidpath DD, Allotey P. Measuring global health inequity. Int J Equity Health 2007; 6(16): 7 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/6/1/16 ]

Roy K, Howard DH. Equity in out-of-pocket payments for hospital care: evidence from India. Health Pol 2007; 80(2): 297-307.

Ruger JP. Rethinking equal access: agency, quality, and norms. Global Public Health 2007; 2(1): 78-96.

Starfield B. Pathways of influence on equity in health. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(6): 1355-1362.

Whitehead M, Dahlgren G, McIntyre D. Putting equity center stage: challenging evidence-free reforms. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(2): 353-361.

37 Zere E, Moeti M, Kirigia J, Mwase T, Kataika E. Equity in health and healthcare in Malawi: analysis of trends. BMC Public Health 2007; 7(78): 13 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/78 ]

Braveman P. Health disparities and health equity: concepts and measurement. Annu Rev Public Health 2006; 27: 167-194.

Gaudin S, Yazbeck AS. Immunization in India 1993-1999: wealth, gender, and regional inequalities revisited. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(3): 694-706.

Larson CP, Saha UR, Islam R, Roy N. Childhood diarrhoea management practices in Bangladesh: private sector dominance and continued inequities in care. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35(6): 1430-1439 [+ 1439-1441].

Lindelow M. Sometimes more equal than others: how health inequalities depend on the choice of welfare indicator. Health Econ 2006; 15(3): 263-279.

Marmot M. Health in a unequal world. Lancet 2006; 368(9552): 2081-2094.

Pitchforth E, van Teijlingen E, Graham W, Dixon-Woods M, Chowdhury M. Getting women to hospital is not enough: a qualitative study of access to emergency obstetric care in Bangladesh. Qual Safety Health Care 2006; 15(3): 214-219.

Sanders D, Chopra M. Key challenges to achieving health for all in an equitable society: the case of South Africa. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(1): 73-78.

Sheikh K, Porter J, Kielmann K, Rangan S. Public-private partnerships for equity of access to care for tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS: lessons from Pune, India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100(4): 312-320.

Tugwell P, de Savigny D, Hawker G, Robinson V. Applying clinical epidemiological methods to health equity: the equity effectiveness loop. BMJ 2006; 332(7537): 358-361.

Zhao Z. Income inequality, unequal health care access, and mortality in China. Popul Dev Rev 2006; 32(3): 461-483.

Akin JS, Dow WH, Lance PM, Loh CP. Changes in access to health care in China, 1989-1997. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 80-89.

Asada Y. A framework for measuring health inequity. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005; 59: 700-705.

Baum F. Who cares about health for all in the 21st century? [editorial]. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005; 59: 714-715.

Bishal D, Kumar S, Waters H, Koenig M, Katz J, Khatry SK, West KP. The impact of vitamin A supplementation on mortality inequalities among children in Nepal. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 60-66.

38 de Mattos Almeida SD, de Azevedo Barros MB. Eqüidade e atenção à saúde da gestante em Campinas (SP), Brasil. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2005; 17: 15-25.

Delamonica E, Minujin A, Gulaid J. Monitoring equity in immunization coverage. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 384-391.

Labonte R, Schrecker T, Gupta AS. A global health equity agenda for the G8 summit. BMJ 2005; 330: 533-536.

Onwujekwe O. Inequities in healthcare seeking in the treatment of communicable endemic diseases in Southeast Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 455-463.

WHO Task Force on Research Priorities for Equity in Health. Priorities for research to take forward the health equity policy agenda. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 948-953.

Gwatkin DR, Bhuiya A, Victora CG. Making health systems more equitable. Lancet 2004; 364: 1273-1280.

Hardeman W, Van Damme W, Van Pelt M, Ir Por, Kimvan H, Meessen B. Access to health care for all? User fees plus a Health Equity Fund in Sotnikum, Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 22-32.

Núñez Rocha GM, Salinas Martínez AM, Villarreal Ríos E, Garza Elizondo ME. Resource allocation equity in northeastern Mexico. Health Pol 2004; 70(3): 271-279.

Oliver A, Mossialos E. Equity of access to health care: outlining the foundations for action. J Epidemiol Community Health 2004; 58: 655-658.

Bhuiya A. Inequity in health: let's not live with it [editorial]. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 165-167.

Bossert TJ, Larrañaga O, Giedion U, Arbelaez JJ, Bowser DM. Decentralization and equity of resource allocation: evidence from Colombia and Chile. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 5-100.

Braveman P, Gruskin S. Defining equity in health. J Epidemiol Community Health 2003; 57: 254-258.

Braveman PA. Monitoring equity in health and healthcare: a conceptual framework. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 181-192.

Chowdhury AMR, Bhuiya A, Mahmud S, Abdus Salam AKM, Karim F. Immunization divide: who do get vaccinated in Bangladesh? J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 193-204.

McCoy D, Bambas L, Acurio D, Baya B, Bhuiya A, Chowdhury AMR, Grisurapong S, Liu Y, Ngom P, Ngulube TJ, Ntuli A, Sanders D, Vega J, Shukla A, Braveman PA. Global Equity Gauge Alliance: reflections on early experiences. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 273-287.

Rifkin SB. A framework linking community empowerment and health equity: it is a matter of CHOICE. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 168-180.

39 Rudzik AEF. Examining health equity through satisfaction and confidence of patients in primary healthcare in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 243-250.

Sepehri A, Chernomas R, Akram-Lodhi AH. If they get sick, they are in trouble: health care restructuring, user charges, and equity in Vietnam. Int J Health Serv 2003; 33: 137-161.

Sohani SB, Salim SM, Nyamu H, Annett H. Health care financing; a model from rural Kenya. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 131-138. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Zere E, McIntyre D. Equity in self-reported adult illness and use of health service in South Africa: inter-temporal comparison. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 205-215.

Alleyne GAO, Castillo-Salgado C, Schneider MC, Loyola E, Vidaurre M. Overview of social inequalities in health in the Region of the Americas, using various methodological approaches. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2002; 12: 388-397.

Almeida C, editor. Equidad y reformas de sistemas de servicios de salud en América Latina y Caribe. Cad Saúde Pública 2002; 18(4): 902-1138.

Bell R, Ithindi T, Low A. Improving equity in the provision of primary health care: lessons from decentralized planning and management in Namibia. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 675-681.

Chabikuli N, Schneider H, Blaauw D, Zwi AB, Brugha R. Quality and equity of private sector care for sexually transmitted diseases in South Africa. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 40-46.

Fiedler JL, Suazo J. Ministry of Health user fees, equity and decentralization: lessons from Honduras. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 362-377.

Gao J, Qian J, Tang S, Erikson B, Blas E. Health equity in transition from planned to market economy in China. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 20-29.

Gatrell AC. Inequalities in health outcomes. In: Gatrell AC, editor. Geographies of health: an introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002: 91-134. [ITM Library: ER/17277]

Gatrell AC. Inequalities in the provision and utilization of health services. In: Gatrell AC, editor. Geographies of health: an introduction. Oxford: Blackwell, 2002: 135-165. [ITM Library: ER/17277]

Gwatkin DR. Who would gain most from efforts to reach the millennium development goals for health? An inquiry into the possibility of progress that fails to reach the poor. Washington: Inter- national Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2002: 24 pp. (Health, Nutrition and Population Discussion Paper). [Available from: http://go.worldbank.org/NGZM0XHLM1]

Kawachi I, Subramanian SV, Almeida-Filho N. A glossary for health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 647-652.

Liu GG, Zhao Z, Cai R, Yamada T, Yamada T. Equity in health care access: assessing the urban health insurance reform in China. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 1779-1794.

McIntyre D, Gilson L. Putting equity in health back onto the social policy agenda: experience from South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1637-1656. 40

Número especial sobre la medición de las desigualdades de salud Special issue on measuring health inequalities. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2002; 12: [96 pp.: 371-467].

Paphassarang C, Philavong K, Boupha B, Blas E. Equity, privatization and cost recovery in urban health care: the case of Lao PDR. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 72-84.

Sen G, Iyer A, George A. Class, gender, and health equity: lessons from liberalizing India. In: Sen G, George A, Östlin P, editors. Engendering international health; the challenge of equity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002: 281-311. (Basic Bioethics). [ITM Library: SO/18024]

Shaokang Z, Zhenwei S, Blas E. Economic transition and maternal health care for internal migrants in Shanghai, China. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 47-55.

Stott R. Health for all in the new millennium. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 732-733.

Szwarcwald CL. On the World Health Organisation's measurement of health inequalities. J Epidemiol Community Health 2002; 56: 177-182.

Valdivia M. Public health infrastructure and equity in the utilization of outpatient health care services in Peru. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 12-19.

Wagstaff A. Reflections on and alternatives to WHO's fairness of financial contribution index. Health Econ 2002; 11: 103-115.

Anand S, Diderichsen F, Evans T, Shkolnikov VM, Wirth M. Measuring disparities in health: methods and indicators. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 49-67. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Bhuiya A, Chowdhury M, Ahmed F, Adams AM. Bangladesh: an intervention study of factors underlying increasing equity in child survival. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 227-239. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Graham H. From science to policy: options for reducing health inequalities. In: Leon DA, Walt G, editors. Poverty, inequality and health; an international perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001: 294-311. [ITM Library: SOD/16888]

Gwatkin DR. The need for equity-oriented health sector reforms. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30: 720-723.

Hsiao WC, Liu Y. Health care financing: assessing its relationship to health equity. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 261-275. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Jimenez J. Vaccines, a wonderful tool for equity in health. Vaccine 2001; 19: 2201-2205.

Koenig MA, Bishai D, Khan MA. Health interventions and health equity: the example of measles vaccination in Bangladesh. Popul Dev Rev 2001; 27: 283-302.

Leon DA, Walt G, Gilson L. International perspectives on health inequalities and policy. BMJ 2001; 322: 591-594.

41 Liu Y, Rao K, Evans T, Chen Y, Hsiao WC. China: increasing health gaps in a transitional economy. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 77-89. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

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Murray CJL. Commentary: comprehensive approaches are needed for full understanding. BMJ 2001; 323: 680-681.

Ngom P, Binka FN, Phillips JF, Pence B, MacLeod B. Demographic surveillance and health equity in sub-Saharan Africa. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 337-344.

PAHO. Equity & health; views from the Pan American Sanitary Bureau. Washington: Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), 2001: 157 pp. (PAHO Occasional Publications; 8). [ITM Library: SO/17574]

Pappas G, Moss N. Health for all in the twenty-first century, World Health Organization renewal, and equity in health: a commentary. Int J Health Serv 2001; 31: 647-658.

Pham Manh Hung, Truong Viet Dzung, Dahlgren G, Tran Tuan. Vietnam: efficient, equity-oriented financial strategies for health. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 297-306. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Sen A. Health equity: perspectives, measurability, and criteria. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 69-75. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Starfield B. Improving equity in health: a research agenda. Int J Health Serv 2001; 31: 545-566.

Victora CG, Barros FC, Vaughan JP. The impact of health interventions on inequalities: infant and child health in Brazil. In: Leon DA, Walt G, editors. Poverty, inequality and health; an international perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001: 125-136. [ITM Library: SOD/16888]

Whitehead M, Dahlgren G, Evans T. Equity and health sector reforms: can low-income countries escape the medical poverty trap? Lancet 2001; 358: 833-836.

Whitehead M, Dahlgren G, Gilson L. Developing the policy response to inequities in health: a global perspective. In: Evans T, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 309-323. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

42 Wolfson M, Rowe G. On measuring inequalities in health. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 553-560.

Almeida C, Travassos C, Porto S, Labra ME. Health sector reform in Brazil: a case study of inequity. Int J Health Serv 2000; 30: 129-162.

Beaglehole R, Bonita R. Reinvigorating public health. Lancet 2000; 356: 787-788.

Bloom G. Equity in health in unequal societies: towards health equity during rapid social change. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2000: 24 pp. (IDS Working Paper; 112). [ITM Library: SOD/17096] [Available from: http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp112.pdf ]

Chomsky A. The threat of a good example: health and revolution in Cuba. In: Kim JY, Millen JV, Irwin A, Gershman J, editors. Dying for growth; global inequality and the health of the poor. Monroe: Common Courage Press, 2000: 331-357. (Becerra M, Chomsky A, Errington S, Farmer P, Fox K, Furin J, Irwin A, Kim JY, Millen JV, Rhatigan J, Sassy H, editors. Series in Health and Social Justice). [ITM Library: SOD/16601]

Gakidou EE, Murray CJL, Frenk J. Defining and measuring health inequality: an approach based on the distribution of health expectancy. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 42-54.

Gakidou EE, Murray CJL, Frenk J. Définir et mesurer les inégalités de santé: approche basée sur la distribution de l'espérance de santé. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 3: 41-52.

Gilson L, Antezana I, Bennett S, Bowa C, Brijlal V, Daura M, Doherty J, Lake S, Mabandhla M, Masiye F, Mbatscha S, McIntyre D, Mulenga S, Mwikisa C, Odegaard K, Thomas S. The dynamics of policy change: lessons from health financing reform in South Africa and Zambia. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2000: 103 pp. (PHR Major Applied Research Papers. Series 1. Technical Papers; 3).

Gilson L, Kalyalya D, Kuchler F, Lake S, Oranga H, Ouendo M. The equity impacts of community financing activities in three African countries. Int J Health Plann Manag 2000; 15: 291-317.

Gilson L. Readdressing equity: the importance of ethical processes. In: Mills A, editor. Reforming health sectors. London: Kegan Paul International, 2000: 103-122. (Dickens A, editor. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Annual Public Health Forum; 8). [ITM Library: SO/17344]

Health inequalities. Health Econ 2000; 9: 565-586.

Inequalities in health. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1-85.

Macfarlane S, Racelis M, Muli-Musiime F. Public health in developing countries. Lancet 2000; 356: 841-846.

Sen K, Bonita R. Global health status: two steps forward, one step back. Lancet 2000; 356: 577-582.

Simon J. Does strengthening research capacity improve health equity? BMJ 2000; 321: 816-817.

Sitthi-Amorn C, Somrongthong R. Strengthening health research capacity in developing countries: a critical element for achieving health equity. BMJ 2000; 321: 813-815.

Thomas K, Sudhakar K. Health-care inequalities: an Indian perspective. Lancet 2000; 356(Suppl.): S35. 43

Victora CG, Vaughan JP, Barros FC, Silva AC, Tomasi E. Explaining trends in inequities: evidence from Brazilian child health studies. Lancet 2000; 356: 1093-1098.

Waters HR. Measuring equity in access to health care. Soc Sci Med 2000; 51: 599-612.

WHO. Health, a precious asset; accelerating follow-up to the World Summit for Social Development; proposals by the World Health Organization. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2000: 22 pp. (WHO/HSD/HID/00.1). [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/WHO_HSD_HID_00.1.pdf]

Socioeconomic factors

Gikandi PW, Noor AM, Gitonga CW, Ajanga AA, Snow RW. Access and barriers to measures targeted to prevent malaria in pregnancy in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13(2): 208-217.

Mohindra KS, Haddad S, Narayana D. Can microcredit help improve the health of poor women? Some findings from a cross-sectional study in Kerala, India. Int J Equity Health 2008; 7(2): 14 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/7/1/2 ]

Coronini-Cronberg S, Laohasiriwong W, Gericke CA. Health care utilisation under the 30-Baht Scheme among the urban poor in Mitrapap slum, Khon Kaen, Thailand: a cross-sectional study. Int J Equity Health 2007; 6(11): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/6/1/11 ]

Gillespie D. Contraceptive use and the poor: a matter of choice? [perspectives]. PLoS Med 2007; 4(2): 241-242 [e49].

Gilson L, McIntyre D. Post-apartheid challenges: household access and use of health care in South Africa. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(4): 673-691.

Hatt L, Stanton C, Makowiecka K, Adisasmita A, Achadi E, Ronsmans C. Did the strategy of skilled attendance at birth reach the poor in Indonesia? Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 774-782.

Houweling TAJ, Ronsmans C, Campbell OMR, Kunst AE. Huge poor-rich inequalities in maternity care: an international comparative study of maternity and child care in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 745-754.

Iyer A, Sen G, George A. The dynamics of gender and class in access to health care: evidence from rural Karnataka, India. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(3): 537-554.

Kemp JR, Mann G, Nhlema Simwaka B, Salaniponi FML, Squire SB. Can Malawi's poor afford free tuberculosis services? Patient and household costs associated with a tuberculosis diagnosis in Lilongwe. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(8): 580-585.

Levesque JF, Haddad S, Narayana D, Fournier P. Affording what's free and paying for choice: comparing the cost of public and private hospitalizations in urban Kerala. Int J Health Plann Manag 2007; 22(2): 159-174.

Luong DH, Tang S, Zhang T, Whitehead M. Vietnam during economic transition: a tracer study of health service access and affordability. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(3): 573-588.

44 Noirhomme M, Meessen B, Griffiths F, Ir Por, Jacobs B, Thor R, Criel B, Van Damme W. Improving access to hospital care for the poor: comparative analysis of four health equity funds in Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(4): 246-262.

Patouillard E, Goodman CA, Hanson KG, Mills AJ. Can working with private for-profit sector improve utilization of quality health services by the poor? A systematic review of the literature. Int J Equity Health 2007; 6(17): 11 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/6/1/17 ]

Pitchforth E, van Teijlingen E, Graham W, Fitzmaurice A. Development of a proxy wealth index for women utilizing emergency obstetric care in Bangladesh. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(5): 311-319.

Richard F, Ouédraogo C, Compaoré J, Dubourg D, De Brouwere V. Reducing financial barriers to emergency obstetric care: experience of cost-sharing mechanism in a district hospital in Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(8): 972-981.

Simwaka N, Benson T, Salaniponi FML, Theobald SJ, Squire SB, Kemp JR. Developing a socio-economic measure to monitor access to tuberculosis services in urban Lilongwe, Malawi. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2007; 11(1): 65-71.

Wang H, Xu T, Xu J. Factors contributing to high costs and inequality in China's health care system. JAMA 2007; 298(16): 1928-1930.

Ahmed NU, Alam MM, Sultana F, Sayeed SN, Pressman AM, Powers MB. Reaching the unreachable: barriers of the poorest to accessing NGO healthcare services in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2006; 24(4): 456-466.

Homedes N, Ugalde A. Improving access to pharmaceuticals in Brazil and Argentina. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(2): 123-131.

Janes CR, Chuluundorj O, Hilliard CE, Rak K, Janchiv K. Poor medicine for poor people? Assessing the impact of neoliberal reform on health care equity in a post-socialist context. Global Public Health 2006; 1(1): 5-30.

Koné-Péfoyo A, Rivard M. Pauvreté et déterminants socioculturels de l'utilisation des services de santé maternelle en Côte d'Ivoire. Rev Epidémiol Santé Publique 2006; 54(6): 485-495.

Onwujekwe O, Hanson K, Fox-Rushby J. Some indicators of socio-economic status may not be reliable and use of indices with these data could worsen equity. Health Econ 2006; 15(6): 639-644.

Ronsmans C, Holtz S, Stanton C. Socioeconomic differentials in caesarean rates in developing countries: a retrospective analysis. Lancet 2006; 368(9546): 1516-1523 [+ 1472-1473].

Schneider P, Hanson K. Horizontal equity in utilisation of care and fairness of health financing: a comparison of micro-health insurance and user fees in Rwanda. Health Econ 2006; 15(1): 19-31.

Whitehead M, Bird P. Breaking the poor health-poverty link in the 21st century: do health systems help or hinder? Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006; 100(5-6): 389-399.

Zhao Z. Income inequality, unequal health care access, and mortality in China. Popul Dev Rev 2006; 32(3): 461-483.

Guimier JM, Candau D, Garenne M, Teulières L. Mesurer l'accessibilité financière aux médicaments: l'exemple du Sénégal. Cah Santé 2005; 15: 53-62.

45 Nayeri K, López-Pardo CM. Economic crisis and access to care: Cuba's health care system since the collapse of the Soviet Union. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 797-816.

Barat LM, Palmer N, Basu S, Worrall E, Hanson K, Mills A. Do malaria control interventions reach the poor? A view through the equity lens. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 71(Suppl.1): 174-178.

Lalloo R, Smith MJ, Myburgh NG, Solanki GC. Access to health care in South Africa; the influence of race and class. S Afr Med J 2004; 94: 639-642.

Macq J, Solis A, Ibarra M, Martiny P, Dujardin B. The cost of medical care and people's health-seeking behaviour before being suspected of tuberculosis in three local health systems, Nicaragua. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2004; 8: 1330-1336.

Pallikadavath S, Foss M, Stones RW. Antenatal care: provision and inequality in rural north India. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 1147-1158.

Prata N, Greig F, Walsh J, West A. Ability to pay for maternal health services: what will it take to meet WHO standards. Health Pol 2004; 70(2): 163-174.

Preker AS, Carrin G, editors. Health financing for poor people; resource mobilization and risk sharing. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank; Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); Geneva: International Labour Office (ILO), 2004: 446 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/18774]

Ridde V, Girard JE. Douze ans après l'Initiative de Bamako: constats et implications politiques pour l'équité d'accès aux services de santé des indigents africains. Santé Publique 2004; 15: 37-51.

Robitail S, Gorde S, Barrau K, Tremouille S, Belec M. Quel est le coût d'une césarienne à Madagascar? Aspects socio-économiques et taux de couverture des césariennes à Toamasina, 1999-2001. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2004; 97: 274-279.

Valdmanis V, Kumanarayake L, Lertiendumrong J. Capacity in Thai public hospitals and the production of care for poor and nonpoor patients. Health Serv Res 2004; 39: 2117-2134.

Allaby MAK. Doctors for the poor in urban Nepal. Trop Doct 2003; 33: 83-85.

Armstrong Schellenberg J, Victora CG, Mushi A, de Savigny D, Schellenberg D, Mshinda H, Bryce J. Inequities among the very poor: health care for children in rural southern Tanzania. Lancet 2003; 361: 561-566.

Braveman P, Gruskin S. Poverty, equity, human rights and health. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 539-545.

Garenne M, Hohmann-Garenne S. A wealth index to screen high-risk families: application to Morocco. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 235-242.

Gwatkin DR. How well do health programmes reach the poor? Lancet 2003; 361: 540-541.

Laterveer L, Niessen LW, Yazbeck AS. Pro-poor health policies in poverty reduction strategies. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 138-145.

Liu Y, Rao K, Hsiao WC. Medical expenditure and rural impoverishment in China. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 216-222.

46 Masiye F. Analysis of health care exemption policy in Zambia: key issues and lessons. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 139-159. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Nyonator F, Kutzin J. Health for some? The effects of user fees in the Volta region of Ghana. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 97-117. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Ouendo EM, Makoutode M, Agueh V, Manko d'Almeida A. Equité dans l'application de l'Initiative de Bamako: situation de la prise en charge sanitaire des indigents au Bénin et approche de solution. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 119-129. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Bishai D, Suzuki E, McQuestion M, Chakraborty J, Koenig M. The role of public health programmes in reducing socioeconomic inequities in childhood immunization coverage. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 412-419.

Braveman P, Tarimo E. Social inequalities in health within countries: not only an issue for affluent nations. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1621-1635.

Castano RA, Arbelaez JJ, Giedion UB, Morales LG. Equitable financing, out-of-pocket payments and the role of health care reform in Colombia. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 5-11.

Ensor T, Dave-Sen P, Ali L, Hossain A, Begum SA, Moral H. Do essential service packages benefit the poor? Preliminary evidence from Bangladesh. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 247-256.

McIntyre D, Muirhead D, Gilson L. Geographic patterns of deprivation in South Africa: informing health equity analyses and public resource allocation strategies. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 30-39.

Meng O, Sun Q, Hearst N. Hospital charge exemptions for the poor in Shandong, China. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 56-63.

Montoya Diaz MD. Socio-economic health inequalities in Brazil: gender and age effects. Health Econ 2002; 11: 141-154.

Wagstaff A. Poverty and health sector inequalities. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 97-105.

Chowdhury AMR, Bhuiya A. Do poverty alleviation programmes reduce inequities in health? The Bangladesh experience. In: Leon DA, Walt G, editors. Poverty, inequality and health; an international perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001: 312-332. [ITM Library: SOD/16888]

Gwatkin DR. Poverty and inequalities in health within developing countries: filling the information gap. In: Leon DA, Walt G, editors. Poverty, inequality and health; an international perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001: 217-246. [ITM Library: SOD/16888]

Houweling TAJ, Kunst AE, Mackenbach JP. World Health Report 2000: inequality index and socioeconomic inequalities in mortality. Lancet 2001; 357: 1671-1672.

47 Vega J, Hollstein RD, Delgado I, Perez JC, Carrasco S, Marshall G, Yach D. Chile: socioeconomic differentials and mortality in a middle-income nation. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 123-137. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Bloom G, Lucas H, Edun A, Lenneiye M, Milimo J. Health and poverty in sub-Saharan Africa. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2000: 42 pp. (IDS Working Paper; 103). [ITM Library: SO.1/17094] [Available from: http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp103.pdf ]

Castro-Leal F, Dayton J, Demery L, Mehra K. Public spending on health care in Africa: do the poor benefit? Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 66-74.

Coburn D. Income inequality, social cohesion and the health status of populations: the role of neo-liberalism. Soc Sci Med 2000; 51: 135-146.

Godal T. Immunization against poverty. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5: 160-166.

Gwatkin DR. Health inequalities and the health of the poor: what do we know? What can we do? Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 3-17.

Gwatkin DR. Inégalités de santé et santé des pauvres: que sait-on et que peut-on faire? Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 3: 3-17.

Murray CJL, Gakidou EE, Frenk J. Santé: inégalités ou différences entre groupes sociaux; que faut-il mesurer? Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 2: 12-17.

Wagstaff A. Inégalités socio-économiques et mortalité de l'enfant: comparaison dans neuf pays en développement. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 3: 18-28.

Wagstaff A. Socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality: comparisons across nine developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 19-29.

Geographic factors – rural-urban inequity

Makowiecka K, Achadi E, Izati Y, Ronsmans C. Midwifery provision in two districts in Indonesia: how well are rural areas served? Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(1): 67-75.

Aghajanian A, Mehryar AH, Ahmadnia S, Kazemipour S. Impact of rural health development programme in the Islamic Republic of Iran on rural-urban disparities in health indicators. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13(6): 1466-1475.

Cui FQ, Gofin R. Immunization coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-23 months in Gansu, China. Vaccine 2007; 25(4): 664-671.

Drabo M, Dauby C, Macq J, Seck I, Ouendo EM, Sani I, Traoré AK, Kouamé P, Ouedraogo JB, Dujardin B. Améliorer la qualité des soins aux patients tuberculeux par la recherche-action en réseau; une expérience en Afrique de l'Ouest. Cah Santé 2007; 17(2): 79-86. 48

Edson W, Burkhalter B, McCaw-Binns A. Timeliness of care for eclampsia and pre-eclampsia in Benin, Ecuador, and Jamaica. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 97(3): 209-214.

Hertel-Fernandez AW, Giusti AE, Sotelo JM. The Chilean infant mortality decline: improvement for whom? Socioeconomic and geographic inequalities in infant mortality, 1990-2005. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 798-804.

Kandala NB, Ji C, Stallard N, Stranges S, Cappuccio FP. Spatial analysis of risk factors for childhood morbidity in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77(4): 770-778.

Schelling E, Bechir M, Ahmed MA, Wyss K, Randolph TF, Zinsstag J. Human and animal vaccination delivery to remote nomadic families, Chad. Emerging Infect Dis 2007; 13(3): 373-379.

Serneels P, Lindelow M, Montalvo JG, Barr A. For public service or money: understanding geographical imbalances in the health workforce. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(3): 128-138.

White JS, Speizer IS. Can family planning outreach bridge the urban-rural divide in Zambia?. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(143): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472- 6963/7/143 ]

Cai L, Chongsuvivatwong V. Rural-urban differentials of premature mortality burden in south-west China. Int J Equity Health 2006; 5(13): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/5/1/13 ]

Fotso JC. Child health inequities in developing countries: differences across urban and rural areas. Int J Equity Health 2006; 5(9): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/5/1/9 ]

Houweling TAJ, Kunst AE, Borsboom G, Mackenbach JP. Mortality inequalities in times of economic growth: time trends in socioeconomic and regional inequalities in under 5 mortality in Indonesia, 1982-1997. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60(1): 62-68.

Noor AM, Amin AA, Gething PW, Atkinson PM, Hay SI, Snow RW. Modelling distances travelled to government health services in Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(2): 188-196.

Pearce J, Dorling D. Increasing geographical inequalities in health in New Zealand, 1980-2001. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35(3): 597-603 [+ 604-606].

Tanser F, Gijsbertsen B, Herbst K. Modelling and understanding primary health care accessibility and utilization in rural South Africa: an exploration using a geographical information system. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(3): 691-705.

Akin JS, Dow WH, Lance PM, Loh CP. Changes in access to health care in China, 1989-1997. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 80-89.

Olsen OE, Ndeki S, Norheim OF. Availability, distribution and use of emergency obstetric care in Northern Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 167-175.

Onwujekwe O, Uzochukwu B. Socio-economic and geographic differentials in costs and payment strategies for primary healthcare services in southeast Nigeria. Health Pol 2005; 71(3): 383-397.

Nishiura H, Barua S, Lawpoolsri S, Kittitrakul C, Leman MM, Maha MS, Muangnoicharoen S. Health inequalities in Thailand: geographic distribution of medical supplies in the provinces. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2004; 35: 735-740. 49

Gender factors

Accorsi S, Fabiani M, Nattabi B, Ferrarese N, Corrado B, Iriso R, Ayella EO, Pido B, Yoti Z, Corti D, Ogwang M, Declich S. Differences in hospital admissions for males and females in northern Uganda in the period 1992-2004: a consideration of gender and sex differences in health care use. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101(9): 929-938.

Barata RB, de Almeida MF, Montero CV, da Silva ZP. Gender and health inequalities among adolescents and adults in Brazil, 1998. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2007; 21(5): 320-327.

Iyer A, Sen G, George A. The dynamics of gender and class in access to health care: evidence from rural Karnataka, India. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(3): 537-554

Choi JY, Lee SH. Does prenatal care increase access to child immunization? Gender bias among children in India. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(1): 107-117.

Freedman LP, Waldman RJ, de Pinho H, Wirth ME, Chowdhury AMR, Rosenfield A. Transforming health systems to improve the lives of women and children. Lancet 2005; 365: 997-1000.

Kim JC, Watts CH. Gaining a foothold: tackling poverty, gender inequality, and HIV in Africa. BMJ 2005; 331: 769-772.

Li J. Gender inequality, family planning, and maternal and child care in a rural Chinese county. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 695-908.

Mishra V, Roy TK, Retherford RD. Sex differentials in childhood feeding, health care, and nutritional status in India. Popul Dev Rev 2004; 30: 269-295.

Petchesky RP. Global prescriptions; gendering health and human rights. London: Zed Books, 2003: 306 pp. [ITM Library: SO/19069]

Pandey A, Gopal Sengupta P, Kumar Mondal S, Nath Gupta D, Manna B, Ghosh S, Sur D, Bhattacharya SK. Gender differences in healthcare-seeking during common illnesses in a rural community of West Bengal, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20: 306-311.

Sen G, George A, Östlin P. The case for gender equity in health research. J Health Manag 2002; 4(2): 99-117.

50 Sen G, Iyer A, George A. Class, gender, and health equity: lessons from liberalizing India. In: Sen G, George A, östlin P, editors. Engendering international health; the challenge of equity. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002: 281-311. (Basic Bioethics). [ITM Library: SO/18024]

Vlassoff C, Garcia Moreno C. Placing gender at the centre of health programming: challenges and limitations. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1713-1723.

Östlin P, George A, Sen G. Gender, health, and equity: the intersections. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 175-189. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Ethnic factors

Baron-Epel O, Garty N, Green MS. Inequalities in use of health services among Jews and Arabs in Israel. Health Serv Res 2007; 42(3): 1008-1019.

Anderson I, Crengle S, Kamaka ML, Chen TH, Palafox N, Jackson-Pulver L. Indigenous health in Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific. Lancet 2006; 367(9524): 1775-1785 [+ 1705-1707].

Asante AD, Zwi AB, Ho MT. Equity in resource allocation for health; a comparative study of the Ashanti and northern regions of Ghana. Health Pol 2006; 78(2-3): 135-148.

Camacho AV, Castro MD, Kaufman R. Cultural aspects related to the health of Andean women in Latin America: a key issue for progress toward the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(3): 357-363.

Davis P, Lay-Yee R, Dyall L, Briant R, Sporle A, Brunt D, Scott A. Quality of hospital care for Maori patients in New Zealand: retrospective cross-sectional assessment. Lancet 2006; 367(9526): 1920-1925.

Ellison-Loschmann L, Pearce N. Improving access to health care among New Zealand's Maori population. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(4): 612-617.

Freemantle CJ, Read AW, de Klerk NH, McAullay D, Anderson IP, Stanley FJ. Patterns, trends, and increasing disparities in mortality for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal infants born in Western Australia, 1980-2001: population database study. Lancet 2006; 367(9524): 1758-1766.

Harris R, Tobias M, Jeffreys M, Waldegrave K, Karlsen S, Nazroo J. Effects of self-reported racial discrimination and deprivation on Maori health and inequalities in New Zealand: cross-sectional study. Lancet 2006; 367(9527): 2005-2009 [+ 1958-1959].

Macassa G, Ghilagaber G, Bernhardt E, Burström B. Inequalities in under-five mortality in Mozambique; differentials by region of residence and ethnic affiliation of the mother. East Afr Med J 2006; 83(5): 259-266.

Montenegro RA, Stephens C. Indigenous health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Lancet 2006; 367(9525): 1859-1869.

Ohenjo N, Willis R, Jackson D, Nettleton C, Good K, Mugarura B. Health of indigenous people in Africa. Lancet 2006; 367(9526): 1937-1946.

Stephens C, Porter J, Nettleton C, Willis R. Disappearing, displaced, and undervalued: a call to action for indigenous health worldwide. Lancet 2006; 367(9527): 2019-2028. 51

Zinsstag J, Ould Taleb M, Craig PS. Health of nomadic pastoralists: new approaches towards equity effectiveness [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(5): 565-568.

Stephens C, Nettleton C, Porter J, Willis R, Clark S. Indigenous peoples' health; why are they behind everyone, everywhere? Lancet 2005; 366: 10-13.

Anderson I, Loff B. Voices lost: indigenous health and human rights in Australia. Lancet 2004; 364: 1281-1282.

Lalloo R, Smith MJ, Myburgh NG, Solanki GC. Access to health care in South Africa; the influence of race and class. S Afr Med J 2004; 94: 639-642.

Mooney G, Jan S, Wiseman V. Staking a claim for claims: a case study of resource allocation in Australian Aboriginal health care. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1657-1667.

Gilson L, McIntyre D. South Africa: addressing the legacy of apartheid. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, Bhuiya A, Wirth M, editors. Challenging inequities in health; from ethics to action. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 191-209. [ITM Library: SO/17425]

Singh LP, Srinivasan K. Family planning and the scheduled tribes of Rajasthan: taking stock and moving forward. J Health Manag 2000; 2(1): 55-80.

Age factors

Braeken D, Otoo-Oyortey N, Serour G. Access to sexual and reproductive health care: adolescents and young people. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 98(2): 172-174.

Chen L, Yip W, Chang MC, Lin HS, Lee SD, Chiu YL, Lin YH. The effects of Taiwan's national health insurance on access and health status of the elderly. Health Econ 2007; 16(3): 223-242.

Magadi MA, Agwanda AO, Obare FO. A comparative analysis of the use of maternal health services between teenagers and older mothers in sub-Saharan Africa; evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(6): 1311-1325.

Plautz A, Meekers D. Evaluation of the reach and impact of the 100% Jeune youth social marketing program in Cameroon: findings from three cross-sectional surveys. Reprod Health 2007; 4(1): 15 pp. [Available from: http://www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/4/1/1 ]

Tang KK, Petrie D, Rao DSP. Measuring health inequalities between genders and age groups with realization of potential life years (RePLY). Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(9): 681-687.

Tylee A, Haller DM, Graham T, Churchill R, Sanci LA. Youth-friendly primary-care services: how are we doing and what more needs to be done? Lancet 2007; 369(9572): 1565-1573.

Wallace SP, Gutiérrez VF. Equity of access to health care for older adults in four major Latin American cities. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2005; 17: 394-409.

52 HEALTH CARE FINANCING

General

Arredondo A, Orozco E. Equity, governance and financing after health care reform: lessons from Mexico. Int J Health Plann Manag 2008; 23(1): 37-49.

Barón-Leguizamón G. Gasto nacional en salud de Colombia 1993-2003: composición y tendencias. Revista Salud Pública 2007; 9(2): 167-179.

Bond P. The dispossession of African wealth at the cost of Africa's health. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(1): 171-192.

Cissé B, Luchini S, Moatti JP. Progressivity and horizontal equity in health care finance and delivery: what about Africa? Health Pol 2007; 80(1): 51-68.

Hsiao WC. Why is a systemic view of health financing necessary? Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 950-961.

Kruk ME, Galea S, Prescott M, Freedman LP. Health care financing and utilization of maternal health services in developing countries. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(5): 303-310.

Leung GM, Tin KYK, Chan WS. Hong Kong's health spending projections through 2033. Health Pol 2007; 81(1): 93-101.

Powell-Jackson T, Mills A. A review of health resource tracking in developing countries. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(6): 353-362.

Ruger JP. Global health governance and the World Bank. Lancet 2007; 370(9597): 1471-1474.

Savedoff WD. What should a country spend on health care? Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 962-970.

Schieber GJ, Gottret P, Fleisher LK, Leive AA. Financing global health: mission unaccomplished. Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 921-934.

Seiber EE, Robinson AL. Microfinance investments in quality at private clinics in Uganda: a case-control study. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(168): 12 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/7/168 ]

Wagstaff A. Health systems in east Asia: what can developing countries learn from Japan and the Asian tigers. Health Econ 2007; 16(5): 441-456.

Asante AD, Zwi AB, Ho MT. Equity in resource allocation for health; a comparative study of the Ashanti and northern regions of Ghana. Health Pol 2006; 78(2-3): 135-148.

Baltussen R. Priority setting of public spending in developing countries: do not try to do everything for everybody. Health Pol 2006; 78(2-3): 149-156.

Batson A, Meheus F, Brooke S. Innovative financing mechanisms to accelerate the introduction of HPV vaccines in developing countries. Vaccine 2006; 24(Suppl.3): S3/219-S3/225.

Borghi J, Ensor T, Neupane BD, Tiwari S. Financial implications of skilled attendance at delivery in Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(2): 228-237. 53

Borghi J, Ensor T, Somanathan A, Lissner C, Mills A. Mobilising financial resources for maternal health. Lancet 2006; 368(9545): 1457-1465.

Dixon A, McDaid D, Knapp M, Curran C. Financing mental health services in low- and middle-income countries. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(3): 171-182.

Flessa S, Kouyaté B. Implementing a comprehensive cost information system in rural health facilities: the case of Nouna health district, Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(9): 1452-1465.

Frenk J. Bridging the divide: global lessons from evidence-based health policy in Mexico. Lancet 2006; 368(9539): 954-961.

Gottret P, Schieber G. Health financing revisited; a practitioner's guide. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2006: 318 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/19758]

Kirigia JM, Preker A, Carrin G, Mwikisa C, Diarra-Nama AJ. An overview of health financing patterns and the way forward in the WHO African region. East Afr Med J 2006; 83(9(Suppl.)): S1-S28.

Vergara-Iturriaga M, Martínez-Gutiérrez MS. Financiamiento del sistema de salud Chileno. Salud Pública Mexico 2006; 48(6): 512-521.

Dare L, Reeler A. Health systems financing: putting together the "back office". BMJ 2005; 331: 759-762.

Ensor T, Ronoh J. Effective financing of maternal health services; a review of the literature. Health Pol 2005; 75(1): 49-58.

Gericke CA. Comparison of health care financing in Egypt and Cuba; lessons for health reform in Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11(5/6): 1073-1086.

Gueye AS, Dia AT, Seck I, Sall FL, Cissé B. Coûts de fonctionnements d'un centre de santé au Sénégal: modalités de calculs. Santé Publique 2005; 17: 347-355.

Jeong HS. Health care reform and change in public-private mix of financing: a Korean case. Health Pol 2005; 74(2): 133-145.

OMS. Guide pour l'élaboration des comptes nationaux de la santé; avec des applications spéciales pour les pays à faible et à moyen revenus. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), 2005: 323 pp. [ITM Library: SOD/19492]

Preker AS, Langenbrunner JC, editors. Spending wisely; buying health services for the poor. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2005: 413 pp. [ITM Library: SOD/19127]

Rawabdeh AA. Health care cost containment strategies: the Jordanian experience. Int J Health Plann Manag 2005; 20: 53-66.

Vander Plaetse B, Hlatiwayo G, Van Eygen L, Meessen B, Criel B. Costs and revenue of health care in a rural Zimbabwean district. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 243-251.

54 Ahmad K. Health and money in Afghanistan. Lancet 2004; 364: 1301-1302.

Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E. Financement de la santé dans les pays à faible revenu: questions récurrentes, nouveaux défis. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 552-560.

Gauri V, Cercone J, Briceño R. Separating financing from provision: evidence from 10 years of partnership with health cooperatives in Costa Rica. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 292-301.

Musgrove P. The economics of choosing and financing public health services. In: Pierre-Louis AM, Akala FA, Karam HS, editors. Public health in the Middle East and North Africa; meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 41-53. (WBI Learning Resources Series). [ITM Library: SO.1/18687]

Palmer N, Mueller DH, Gilson L, Mills A, Haines A. Health financing to promote access in low income settings; how much do we know? Lancet 2004; 364: 1365-1370.

Tangcharoensathien V, Wibulpolprasert S, Nitayarumphong S. Knowledge-based changes to health systems: the Thai experience in policy development. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 750-756.

Waddington C. Does earmarked donor funding make it more or less likely that developing countries will allocate their resources towards programmes that yield the greates health benefits? Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 703-708.

Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 498 pp. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Gilson L, Doherty J, Lake S, McIntyre D, Mwikisa C, Thomas S. The SAZA study: implementing health financing reform in South Africa and Zambia. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 31-46.

Liu X. Policy tools for allocative efficiency of health services. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2003: 155 pp. [ITM Library: SOD/18293]

WHO. Guide to producing national health accounts; with special applications for low-income and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2003: 309 pp. [ITM Library: SOD/18247]

Liu X, Mills A. Financing reforms of public health services in China: lessons for other nations. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1691-1698.

Dholakia AR, Dholakia RH. Budgetary subsidies in the health sector: the case of Gujarat. J Health Manag 2001; 3(2): 239-259.

Dusseljee J. Health care financing. Med Mundi Int Newsl 2001; 67: 26-30.

Garg CC. Financing of health care in India: results of NHA from Karnataka. J Health Manag 2001; 3(2): 199-237. 55

Kanjilal B. Community control of health financing. J Health Manag 2001; 3(2): 343-349.

Mills A, Bennett S, Russell S. Increasing government finance: charging the users. In: Mills A, Bennett S, Russell S, editors. The challenge of health sector reform; what must governments do? Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001: 94-117. (Batley R, editor. The Role of Government in Adjusting Economies). [ITM Library: SO/16865]

Musgrove P, Zeramdini R. A summary description of health financing in WHO member states. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 54 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG3; 3).

Schneider P, Diop F, Maceira D, Butera D. Utilization, cost, and financing of district health services in Rwanda. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2001: 58 pp. (PHR Technical Reports; 61).

Selvaraju V. Budgetary subsidies to the health sector among selected states in India. J Health Manag 2001; 3(2): 261-281.

Decentralization and health care financing

Okorafor OA, Thomas S. Protecting resources for primary health care under fiscal federalism: options for resource allocation. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(6): 415-426.

Arredondo A, Orozco E. Effects of health decentralization, financing and governance in Mexico. Rev Saúde Pública 2006; 40(1): 152-160.

Danishevski K, Balabanova D, McKee M, Atkinson S. The fragmentary federation: experiences with the decentralized health system in Russia. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(3): 183-194.

Gottret P, Schieber G. Health financing revisited; a practitioner's guide. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2006: 318 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/19758]

Lieu DH, Bales S, editors. Ensuring health care for the rural poor in Vietnam and China; a state or a market approach? Hanoi: Medical Publishing House, 2006: 147 pp. [ITM Library: SO.2/19906]

Meng Qingyue. Health care pricing and payment reforms in China: the implications for health service delivery and cost containment [dissertation]. Stockholm: Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of International Health (IHCAR), 2006: 64+div. pp. [ITM Library: SO.2/19503]

Pasche DF, Righi LB, Thomé HI, Dischkaln Stolz E. Paradoxos das políticas de descentralização de saúde no Brasil. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 20(6): 416-422.

Arredondo A, Orozco E, De Icaza E. Evidences on weaknesses and strengths from health financing after decentralization: lessons from Latin American countries. Int J Health Plann Manag 2005; 20: 181-204.

Homedes N, Ugalde A, Forns JR. The World Bank, pharmaceutical policies, and health reforms in Latin America. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 691-717.

56 Jeppsson A, Birungi H, Östergren PO, Hagström B. The global-local dilemma of a Ministry of Health; experiences from Uganda. Health Pol 2005; 72(3): 311-320.

Mugisha F, Birungi H, Askew I. Are reproductive health NGO's in Uganda able to engage in the health SWAp? Int J Health Plann Manag 2005; 20: 227-238.

Phommasack B, Oula L, Khounthalivong O, Keobounphanh I, Misavadh T, Loun, Oudomphone P, Vongsamphanh C, Blas E. Decentralization and recentralization: effects on the health systems in Lao PDR. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2005; 36: 523-528.

Semali IA, Tanner M, de Savigny D. Decentralizing EPI services and prospects for increasing coverage: the case of Tanzania. Int J Health Plann Manag 2005; 20: 21-39.

Vander Plaetse B, Hlatiwayo G, Van Eygen L, Meessen B, Criel B. Costs and revenue of health care in a rural Zimbabwean district. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 243-251.

Blas E, editor. Health sector reform and tropical diseases: opportunities and threats. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19(Suppl.1): 185 pp.

Kajula PW, Kintu F, Barugahare J, Neema S. Political analysis of rapid change in Uganda's health financing policy and consequences on service delivery for malaria control. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19(Suppl.1): S133-S153.

Kivumbi GW, Nangendo F, Ndyabahika BR. Financial management systems under decentralization and their effect on malaria control in Uganda. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19(Suppl.1): S117-S131.

Bossert TJ, Larrañaga O, Giedion U, Arbelaez JJ, Bowser DM. Decentralization and equity of resource allocation: evidence from Colombia and Chile. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 95-100.

Fiedler JL, Suazo J. Ministry of Health user fees, equity and decentralization: lessons from Honduras. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 362-377.

Arredondo A, Parada I. Financing indicators for health care decentralization in Latin America: information and suggestions for health planning. Int J Health Plann Manag 2001; 16: 259-276.

Jeppsson A. Financial priorities under decentralization in Uganda. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 187-192.

Mills A, Bennett S, Russell S. The challenge of health sector reform; what must governments do? Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001: 245 pp. (Batley R, editor. The Role of Government in Adjusting Economies). [ITM Library: SO/16865]

Almeida C, Travassos C, Porto S, Labra ME. Health sector reform in Brazil: a case study of inequity. Int J Health Serv 2000; 30: 129-162.

57 Green A, Ali B, Naeem A, Ross D. Resource allocation and budgetary mechanisms for decentralized health systems: experiences form Balochistan, Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1024-1035.

Monteiro de Andrade LO, Soares Pontes RJ, Martins T. A descentralização no marco da reforma sanitária no Brasil. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2000; 8: 85-91.

User fees

• General

Holloway KA, Karkee S, Tamang A, Gurung YB, Pradhan R, Reeves BC. The effect of user fees on prescribing quality in rural Nepal: two controlled pre-post studies to compare a fee per drug unit vs. a fee per drug item. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13(4): 541-547.

Kondo M, McPake B. Making choices between prepayment and user charges in Zambia; what are the results for equity? Health Econ 2007; 16(12): 1371-1387.

Roy K, Howard DH. Equity in out-of-pocket payments for hospital care: evidence from India. Health Pol 2007; 80(2): 297-307.

Meessen B, Van Damme W, Kirunga Tashobya C, Tibouti A. Poverty and user fees for public health care in low-income countries; lessons from Uganda and Cambodia. Lancet 2006; 368(9554): 2253-2257.

Yu CP, Whynes DK, Sach TH. Assessing progressivity of out-of-pocket payment: with illustration to Malaysia. Int J Health Plann Manag 2006; 21(3): 193-210.

Hotchkiss DR, Krasovec K, El-Idrissi MDZE, Eckert E, Karim AM. The role of user charges and structural attributes of quality on the use of maternal health services in Morocco. Int J Health Plann Manag 2005; 20: 113-135.

Leonard KL, Graff Zivin J. Outcome versus service based payments in health care: lessons from African traditional healers. Health Econ 2005; 14: 575-593.

Sepehri A, Chernomas R, Akram-Lodhi H. Penalizing patients and rewarding providers: user charges and health care utilization in Vietnam. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 90-99.

Uzochukwu B, Onwujekwe O. Healthcare reform involving the introduction of user fees and drug revolving funds: influence on health workers' behavior in southeast Nigeria. Health Pol 2005; 75(1): 1-8.

Wiseman V. Reflections on the impact of the Bamako Initiative and the role of user fees [editorial]. Trop Doct 2005; 35: 193-194.

Abdu Z, Mohammed Z, Bashier I, Eriksson B. The impact of user fee exemption on service utilization and treatment seeking behaviour: the case of malaria in Sudan. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19(Suppl.1): S95-S106.

Akashi H, Yamada T, Huot E, Kanal K, Sugimoto T. User fees at a public hospital in Cambodia: effects on hospital performance and provider attitudes. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 553-564.

58 Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E. Financement de la santé dans les pays à faible revenu: questions récurrentes, nouveaux défis. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 552-560.

Barber S, Bonnet F, Bekedam H. Formalizing under-the-table payments to control out-of-pocket hospital expenditures in Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 199-208.

Falkingham J. Poverty, out-of-pocket payments and access to health care: evidence from Tajikistan. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 247-258.

Jacobs B, Price N. The impact of the introduction of user fees at a district hospital in Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 310-321.

Richard V. Le financement de la santé en Afrique sub-saharienne; le recouvrement des coûts. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 337-340.

Uzochukwu B, Onwujekwe O, Eriksson B. Inequity in the Bamako Initiative programme; implications for the treatment of malaria in south-east Nigeria. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19(Suppl.1): S107-S116.

Yip W, Eggleston K. Addressing government and market failures with payment incentives: hospital reimbursement reform in Hainan, China. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 267-277.

Dong W. Healthcare-financing reforms in transitional society: a Shanghai experience. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 223-234.

Levin A, Dmytraczenko T, McEuen M, Ssengooba F, Mangani R, Van Dyck G. Costs of maternal health care services in three anglophone African countries. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18: 3-22.

Ridde V. Fees-for-services, cost recovery, and equity in a district of Burkina Faso operating the Bamako Initiative. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 532-538.

Achanfua Yeboah D. Strategies adopted by Caribbean family planning associations to address declining international funding. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 122-125.

Castano RA, Arbelaez JJ, Giedion UB, Morales LG. Equitable financing, out-of-pocket payments and the role of health care reform in Colombia. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 5-11.

Fiedler JL, Suazo J. Ministry of Health user fees, equity and decentralization: lessons from Honduras. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 362-377.

Kipp W, Kamugisha J, Jacobs P, Burnham G, Rubaale T. Redevances, primes au personnel de santé et utilisation des services dans le district de Karabole (Ouganda). Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2002; 6: 113-118.

Malama C, Chen Q, De Vogli R, Birbeck GL. User fees impact access to healthcare for female children in rural Zambia. J Trop Pediatr 2002; 48: 371-372.

59 Skarbinski J, Walker HK, Baker LC, Kobaladze A, Kirtava Z, Raffin TA. The burden of out-of-pocket payments for health care in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. JAMA 2002; 287: 1043-1049.

Biritwum RB. Impact of health care financing reforms on the management of malaria in Ghana. East Afr Med J 2001; 78: 636-640.

Blas E, Limbambala ME. User-payment, decentralization and health service utilization in Zambia. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16(Suppl.2): 19-28.

Cattaneo A. User fees in private non-for-profit hospitals in Uganda. Med Mundi Int Newsl 2001; 67: 20-25.

Holloway KA, Gautam BR, Reeves BC. The effects of different kinds of user fees on prescribing costs in rural Nepal. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 421-427.

Holloway KA, Gautam BR, Reeves BC. The effects of different kinds of user fees on prescribing quality in rural Nepal. J Clin Epidemiol 2001; 54: 1065-1071.

Kipp W, Kamugisha J, Jacobs P, Burnham G, Rubaale T. User fees, health staff incentives, and service utilization in Kabarole district, Uganda. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 1032-1037.

Suwandono A, Gani A, Purwani S, Blas E, Brugha R. Cost recovery beds in public hospitals in Indonesia. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16(Suppl.2): 10-18.

Wagstaff A. Poverty and health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 52 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG1; 5)

Wilkinson D, Gouws E, Sach M, Abdool Karim SS. Effect of removing user fees on attendance for curative and preventive primary health care services in rural South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 665-671.

Arhin-Tenkorang D. Mobilizing resources for health; the case of user fees revisited. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2000: 21 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG3; 6).

Audibert M, Mathonnat J. Cost recovery in Mauritania: initial lessons. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 66-75.

Fiedler JL, Suazo J, Sandoval M, Vallejo F. An assessment of the ambulatory care user fee systems in Ministry of Health facilities of Honduras. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2000: 268 pp. (PHR Technical Reports; 58).

60 Hausmann Muela S, Mushi AK, Muela Ribera J. The paradox of the cost and affordability of traditional and government health services in Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 296-302.

Hensher M, Jefferys E. Financing blood transfusion services in sub-Saharan Africa: a role for user fees? Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 287-295.

McPake B. Reforms to financing systems in poor countries. In: Mills A, editor. Reforming health sectors. London: Kegan Paul International, 2000: 132-150. (Dickens A, editor. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Annual Public Health Forum; 8). [ITM Library: SO/17344]

Routh S, Thwin AA, Kane TT, Baqui AH. User-fees for family-planning methods: an analysis of payment behaviour among urban contraceptors in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2000; 18: 69-78.

• Eliminating user fees?

Habbani K, Groot W, Jelovac I. Do free-of-charge public health services impede cost recovery policies in Khartoum state, Sudan? East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13(4): 939-952.

James CD, Hanson K, McPake B, Balabanova D, Gwatkin D, Hopwood I, Kirunga C, Knippenberg R, Meessen B, Morris SS, Preker AS, Souteyrand Y, Tibouti A, Villeneuve P, Xu K. To retain or remove user fees? Reflections on the current debate in low- and middle-income. Appl Health Econ Health Pol 2006; 5(3): 137-153.

Xu K, Evans DB, Kadama P, Nabyonga J, Ogwal PO, Nabukhonzo P, Aguilar AM. Understanding the impact of eliminating user fees: utilization and catastrophic health expenditures in Uganda. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(4): 866-876.

Gilson L, McIntyre D. Removing user fees for primary care in Africa: the need for careful action. BMJ 2005; 331: 762-765.

James C, Morris SS, Keith R, Taylor A. Impact on child mortality of removing user fees: simulation model. BMJ 2005; 331: 747-749.

Nabyonga J, Desmet M, Karamagi H, Kadama PY, Omaswa FG, Walker O. Abolition of cost-sharing is pro-poor: evidence from Uganda. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 100-108.

• Catastrophic health expenditures

Castillo-Riquelme M, McIntyre D, Barnes K. Household burden of malaria in South Africa and Mozambique: is there a catastrophic impact? Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13(1): 108-122.

Carrin G, James C, Adelhardt M, Doetinchem O, Eriki P, Hassan M, van den Hombergh H, Kirigia J, Koemm B, Korte R, Krech R, Lankers C, van Lente J, Maina T, Malonza K, Mathauer I, Okeyo TM, Muchiri S, Mumani Z, Nganda B, Nyikal J, Onsongo J, Rakuom C, Schramm B, Scheil-Adlung X, Stierle F, Whitaker D, Zipperer M. Health financing reform in Kenya; assessing the social health insurance proposal. S Afr Med J 2007; 97(2): 130-135.

Chuma J, Gilson L, Molyneux C. Treatment-seeking behaviour, cost burdens and coping strategies among rural and urban households in coastal Kenya: an equity analysis. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(5): 673-686.

61 Devadasan N, Van Damme W, Criel B, Ranson K, Van der Stuyft P. Indian community health insurance schemes provide partial protection against catastrophic health expenditure. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(43): 22 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6973/7/43 ]

Ekman B. Catastrophic health payments and health insurance: some counterintuitive evidence from one low-income country. Health Pol 2007; 83(2-3): 304-313.

Limwattananon S, Tangcharoensathien V, Prakongsai P. Catastrophic and poverty impacts of health payments: results from national household surveys in Thailand. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(8): 600-606.

Perera M, Gunatilleke G, Bird P. Falling into the medical poverty trap in Sri Lanka: what can be done? Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(2): 379-398.

Roy K, Howard DH. Equity in out-of-pocket payments for hospital care: evidence from India. Health Pol 2007; 80(2): 297-307. van Doorslaer E, O'Donnell O, Rannan-Eliya RP, Somanathan A, Adhikari SR, Garg CC, Harbianto D, Herrin AN, Huq MN, Ibragimova S, Karan A, Lee TJ, Leung GM, Lu JFR, Ng CW, Pande BR, Racelis R, Tao S, Tin K, Tisayaticom K, Trisnantoro L, Vasavid C, Zhao Y. Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia. Health Econ 2007; 16(11): 1159-1184.

Wang H, Xu T, Xu J. Factors contributing to high costs and inequality in China's health care system. JAMA 2007; 298(16): 1928-1930.

Whitehead M, Dahlgren G, McIntyre D. Putting equity center stage: challenging evidence-free reforms. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(2): 353-361.

Xu K, Evans DB, Carrin G, Aguilar-Rivera AM, Musgrove P, Evans T. Protecting households from catastrophic health spending. Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 972-983.

Ahmed SM, Petzold M, Kabir ZN, Tomson G. Targeted intervention for the ultra poor in rural Bangladesh: does it make any difference in their health-seeking behaviour? Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(11): 2899-2911.

Baeza CC, Packard TG. Beyond survival; protecting households from health shocks in Latin America. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2006: 170 pp. (Latin America Development Forum). [ITM Library: SO.7/19918]

Hamui-Sutton A, Irigoyen-Coria A, Gómez-Clavelina FJ, Fernández-Ortega MA. Políticas sociales contra la pobreza y en favor de la salud en México. Rev med IMSS 2006; 44(5): 455-460.

Russell S, Gilson L. Are health services protecting the livelihoods of the urban poor in Sri Lanka? Findings from two low-income areas of Colombo. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(7): 1732-1744. 62

Su TT, Kouyaté B, Flessa S. Catastrophic household expenditure for health care in a low-income society: a study from Nouna District, Burkina faso. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(1): 21-27.

Suci E. Child access to health services during the economic crisis: an Indonesian experience of the Safety Net Program. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(11): 2912-2925.

Thanh NT, Hang HM, Chuc NTK, Rudholm N, Emmelin A, Lindholm L. Does 'the injury poverty trap' exist? A longitudinal study in Bavi, Vietnam. Health Pol 2006; 78(2-3): 249-257.

Thuan NBT, Lofgren C, Chuc NKT, Janlert U, Lindholm L. Household out-of-pocket payments for illness: evidence from Vietnam. BMC Public Health 2006; 6(283): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/6/283 ] van Doorslaer E, O'Donnell O, Rannan-Eliya RP, Somanathan A, Adhikari SR, Garg CC, Harbianto D, Herrin AN, Huq MN, Ibragimova S, Karan A, Ng CW, Pande BR, Racelis R, Tao S, Tin K, Tisayaticom K, Trisnantoro L, Vasavid C, Zhao Y. Effect of payments for health care on poverty estimates in 11 countries in Asia: an analysis of household survey data. Lancet 2006; 368(9544): 1357-1364.

Whitehead M, Bird P. Breaking the poor health-poverty link in the 21st century: do health systems help or hinder? Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2006; 100(5-6): 389-399.

Gotsadze G, Bennett S, Ranson K, Gzirishvili D. Health care-seeking behaviour and out-of-pocket payments in Tbilisi, Georgia. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 232-242.

Russell S. Illuminating cases: understanding the economic burden of illness through case study household research. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 277-289.

Jacobs B, Price N. The impact of the introduction of user fees at a district hospital in Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 310-321.

Russell S. The economic burden of illness for households in developing countries: a review of studies focusing on malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 71(Suppl.2): 147-155.

Van Damme W, Van Leemput L, Ir Por, Hardeman W, Meessen B. Out-of-pocket health expenditure and debt in poor households: evidence from Cambodia. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 273-280. von Schoen-Angerer T. Understanding health care in the south Caucasus: examples from Armenia. BMJ 2004; 329: 562-565.

Watts J. Wheeling and healing. Lancet 2004; 364: 1205-1206.

Liu Y, Rao K, Hsiao WC. Medical expenditure and rural impoverishment in China. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 216-222.

Meessen B, Zhenzhong Z, Van Damme W, Devadasan N, Criel B, Bloom G. Iatrogenic poverty [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 581-584. 63

Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E. Catastrophe and impoverishment in paying for health: with applications to Vietnam 1993-1998. Health Econ 2003; 12: 921-934.

Wagstaff A, van Doorslaer E. Catastrophe and impoverishment in paying for health: with applications to Vietnam 1993-1998. Washington: World Bank, 2002: 31 pp. [Available from: http://poverty.worldbank.org/files/9510_catastrophe.pdf]

Xu K, Evans DB, Kawabata K, Zeramdini R, Klavus J, Murray CJL. Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis. Lancet 2003; 362: 111-117.

Xu K, Evans DB, Kawabata K, Zeramdini R, Klavus J, Murray CJL. Understanding household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis. In: Murray CJL, Evans DB, editors. Health systems performance assessment; debates, methods and empiricism. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2003: 565-572. [ITM Library: SOCA/18317]

Kawabata K, Xu K, Carrin G. Preventing impoverishment through protection against catastrophic health expenditure. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 612.

Ranson MK. Reduction of catastrophic health care expenditures by a community-based health insurance scheme in Gujarat, India: current experiences and challenges. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 613-621.

• Exempting the poor

Sparrow R. Targeting the poor in times of crisis: the Indonesian health card. Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(3): 188-199.

Hughes D, Leethongdee S. Universal coverage in the land of smiles: lessons from Thailand's 30 baht health reforms. Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 999-1008.

Jacobs B, Price NL, Oeun S. Do exemptions from user fees mean free access to health services? A case study from a rural Cambodian hospital. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(11): 1391-1401.

Noirhomme M, Meessen B, Griffiths F, Ir Por, Jacobs B, Thor R, Criel B, Van Damme W. Improving access to hospital care for the poor: comparative analysis of four health equity funds in Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(4): 246-262.

Renaudin P, Prual A, Vangeenderhuysen C, Ould Abdelkader M, Ould Mohamed Vall M, Ould El Joud D. Ensuring financial access to emergency obstetric care: three years of experience with Obstetric Risk Insurance in Nouakchott, Mauritania. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 99(2): 183-190.

Whitehead M, Dahlgren G, McIntyre D. Putting equity center stage: challenging evidence-free reforms. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(2): 353-361.

Witter S, Adjei S. Start-stop funding, its causes and consequences: a case study of the delivery exemptions policy in Ghana. Int J Health Plann Manag 2007; 22(2): 133-143.

64 Witter S, Arhinful DK, Kusi A, Zakariah-Akoto S. The experience of Ghana in implementing a user fee exemption policy to provide free delivery care. Reprod Health Matters 2007; 15(30): 61-71.

Witter S, Kusi A, Aikins M. Working practices and incomes of health workers: evidence from an evaluation of a delivery fee exemption scheme in Ghana. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(2): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/5/1/2]

Meessen B, Van Damme W, Kirunga Tashobya C, Tibouti A. Poverty and user fees for public health care in low-income countries; lessons from Uganda and Cambodia. Lancet 2006; 368(9554): 2253-2257.

Uzochukwu BSC, Onwujekwe OE. Exemption policies and community preferences for tropical endemic diseases in the Bamako initiative programme in Nigeria. Trop Doct 2006; 36(3): 132-136.

Onwujekwe O, Uzochukwu B. Socio-economic and geographic differentials in costs and payment strategies for primary healthcare services in southeast Nigeria. Health Pol 2005; 71(3): 383-397.

Ridde V, Nitièma AP, Dadjoari M. Améliorer l'accessibilité des médicaments essentiels génériques aux populations d'une région sanitaire du Burkina Faso. Cah Santé 2005; 15: 175-182.

Suraratdecha C, Saithanu S, Tangcharoensathien V. Is universal coverage a solution for disparities in health care? Findings from three low-income provinces in Thailand. Health Pol 2005; 73(3): 272-284.

Amin M, Hanson K, Mills A. Price discrimination in obstetric services - a case study in Bangladesh. Health Econ 2004; 13: 597-604.

Hardeman W, Van Damme W, Van Pelt M, Ir Por, Kimvan H, Meessen B. Access to health care for all? User fees plus a Health Equity Fund in Sotnikum, Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 22-32.

Uzochukwu BSC, Onwujekwe OE. Socio-economic differences and health seeking behaviour for the diagnosis and treatment of malaria: a case study of four local government areas operating the Bamako initiative programme in south-east Nigeria. Int J Equity Health 2004; 3(6): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/3/1/6]

65 Bonu S, Rani M, Bishai D. Using willingness to pay to investigate regressiveness of user fees in health facilities in Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 370-382.

Garenne M, Hohmann-Garenne S. A wealth index to screen high-risk families: application to Morocco. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 235-242.

Masiye F. Analysis of health care exemption policy in Zambia: key issues and lessons. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 139-159. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Bratt JH, Weaver MA, Foreit J, De Vargas T, Janowitz B. The impact of price changes on demand for family planning and reproductive health services in Ecuador. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 281-287.

Chee G, Smith K, Kapinga A. Assessment of the community health fund in Hanang district, Tanzania. Bethesda: Abt Associates, 2002: 106 pp. (PHRplus Technical Reports; 015).

Kivumbi GW, Kintu F. Exemptions and waivers from cost sharing: ineffective safety nets in decentralized districts in Uganda. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 64-71.

Meng O, Sun Q, Hearst N. Hospital charge exemptions for the poor in Shandong, China. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 56-63.

Paphassarang C, Philavong K, Boupha B, Blas E. Equity, privatization and cost recovery in urban health care: the case of Lao PDR. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 72-84.

Atim C, Grey S, Apoya P, Anie SJ, Aikins M. A survey of health financing schemes in Ghana. Bethesda: Abt Associates, 2001: 82 pp. (PHRplus Technical Reports; 013).

Health insurance

• General

Dror DM, Koren R, Ost A, Binnendijk E, Vellakkal S, Danis M. Health insurance benefit packages prioritized by low-income clients in India; three criteria to estimate effectiveness of choice. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(4): 884-896.

Waelkens MP, Criel B, editors. La mise en réseau de mutuelles de santé en Afrique de l'Ouest, l'union fait-elle la force? Les enseignements d'un colloque international organisé à Nouakchott, Mauritanie, 19 et 20 décembre 2004. Antwerpen: ITGPress, 2007: 128 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/19932] 66

Dussault G, Fournier P, Letourmy A, editors. L'assurance maladie en Afrique francophone; améliorer l'accès aux soins et lutter contre la pauvreté. Washington: Banque Internationale pour la Reconstruction et le Développement/La Banque mondiale, 2006: 557 pp. (Série Santé, Nutrition et Population). [ITM Library: SOE/19674]

Akin JS, Dow WH, Lance PM. Did the distribution of health insurance in China continue to grow less equitable in the nineties? Results from a longitudinal survey. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 293-304.

Liu Y. Development of the rural health insurance system in China. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 159-165.

Russel M. Health insurance in Iran: opportunities and complexities. In: Davies HTO, Tavakoli M, editors. Health care policy, performance and finance: strategic issues in health care management. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004: 223-235.

Dow WH, Schmeer KK. Health insurance and child mortality in Costa Rica. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 975-986.

Bärnighausen T, Sauerborn R. One hundred and eighteen years of the German health insurance system: are there any lessons for middle- and low-income countries? Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1559-1587.

Liu GG, Zhao Z, Cai R, Yamada T, Yamada T. Equity in health care access: assessing the urban health insurance reform in China. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 1779-1794.

Liu TC, Chen CS, Chen LM. The impact of national health insurance on neonatal care use and childhood vaccination in Taiwan. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 384-392.

Xiao-ming S, Hong L, Yuan C, Wen-hua T. Survey of the medical financial assistance schemes of the urban poor in Shanghai. Int J Health Plann Manag 2002; 17: 91-112.

Arhin-Tenkorang D. Health insurance for the informal sector in Africa; design features, risk protection and resource mobilization. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 58 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG3; 1).

Criel B. Types of mutual aid arrangements in sub-Saharan Africa: what place for health insurance? Med Mundi Int Newsl 2001; 67: 7-19.

Yip W, Berman P. Targeted health insurance in a low income country and its impact on access and equity in access: Egypt's school health insurance. Health Econ 2001; 10: 207-220.

Barrientos A, Lloyd-Sherlock P. Reforming health insurance in Argentina and Chile. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 417-423.

Criel B. Lokale ziekteverzekeringssystemen in ontwikkelingslanden: een beleidsvoorbereidend onderzoek. Local health insurance systems in developing countries: a policy research paper. Antwerpen: Instituut voor Tropische Geneeskunde, Departement Volksgezondheid, 2000: 172 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/16793]

Letourmy A. Les mutuelles de santé en Afrique: conditions d'un développement. In: Gruénais ME, Pourtier R, editors. La santé en Afrique; anciens et nouveaux défis. Paris: La Documentation Française, 2000: 230-240. (Afrique Contemporaine; 195). [ITM Library: SO.1/16831]

67 Mariam DH. Traditional insurance mechanisms and the choice of health care providers in Ethiopia. In: Leonard DK, editor. Africa's changing markets for health and veterinary services; the new institutional issues. Houndmills: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000: 40-66. [ITM Library: SOD/16612]

Söderlund N, Hansl B. Health insurance in South Africa: an empirical analysis of trends in risk-pooling and efficiency following deregulation. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 378-385.

Supakankunti S. Future prospects of voluntary health insurance in Thailand. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 85-94.

• Why enroll – willingness to pay for health insurance

Basaza R, Criel B, Van der Stuyft P. Community health insurance in Uganda: why does enrolment remain low? A view from beneath. Health Pol 2008; 87(2): 172-184.

Bärnighausen T, Liu Y, Zhang X, Sauerborn R. Willingness to pay for social health insurance among informal sector workers in Wuhan, China: a contingent valuation study. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(114): 16 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/7/114]

Basaza R, Criel B, Van der Stuyft P. Low enrolment in Ugandan community health insurance schemes: underlying causes and policy implications. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(105): 12 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/7/105]

Dror DM, Radermacher R, Koren R. Willingness to pay for health insurance among rural and poor persons: field evidence from seven micro health insurance units in India. Health Pol 2007; 82(1): 12-27.

Ranson MK, Sinha T, Chatterjee M, Gandhi F, Jayswal R, Patel F, Morris SS, Mills AJ. Equitable utilisation of Indian community based health insurance scheme among its rural membership: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2007; 334(7607): 1309-1312 [+1282-1283].

Ying XH, Hu TW, Ren J, Chen W, Xu K, Huang JH. Demand for private health insurance in Chinese urban areas. Health Econ 2007; 16(10): 1041-1050.

De Allegri M, Kouyaté B, Becher H, Gbangou A, Pokhrel S, Sanon M, Sauerborn R. Understanding enrolment in community health insurance in sub-Saharan Africa: a population-based case-control study in rural Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(11): 852-858.

De Allegri M, Sanon M, Bridges J, Sauerborn R. Understanding consumers' preferences and decision to enrol in community-based health insurance in rural West Africa. Health Pol 2006; 76(1): 58-71.

De Allegri M, Sanon M, Sauerborn R. "To enrol or not to enrol?"; a qualitative investigation of demand for health insurance in rural West Africa. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(6): 1520-1527.

Zhang L, Wang H, Wang L, Hsiao W. Social capital and farmer's willingness-to-join a newly established community-based health insurance in rural China. Health Pol 2006; 76(2): 233-242.

Dong H, Kouyate B, Cairns J, Sauerborn R. Inequality in willingness-to-pay for community-based health insurance. Health Pol 2005; 72(2): 149-156.

68 Kirigia JM, Sambo LG, Nganda B, Mwabu GM, Chatora R, Mwase T. Determinants of health insurance ownership among South African women. BMC Health Serv Res 2005; 5(17): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/5/17]

Schneider P. Trust in micro-health insurance: an exploratory study in Rwanda. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 1430-1438.

Criel B, Atim C, Basaza R, Blaise P, Waelkens MP. Community health insurance (CHI) in sub-Saharan Africa: researching the context [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 1041-1043.

Dong H, Mugisha F, Gbangou A, Kouyate B, Sauerborn R. The feasibility of community-based health insurance in Burkina Faso. Health Pol 2004; 69(1): 45-53.

Schneider P. Why should the poor insure? Theories of decision-making in the context of health insurance. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 349-355.

Bonu S, Rani M, Bishai D. Using willingness to pay to investigate regressiveness of user fees in health facilities in Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 370-382.

Dong H, Kouyaté B, Snow R, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R. Gender's effect on willingness-to-pay for community-based insurance in Burkina faso. Health Pol 2003; 64(2): 153-162.

Sodani PR. Potential of the health insurance market for the informal sector: a pilot study. J Health Manag 2001; 3(2): 283-308.

• Insurance selection bias – adverse selection

Gomez-Suarez RE. Cream-skimming and risk adjustment in Colombian health insurance system: the public insurer case. Arch Econ 2007; 336: 68 pp. [Available from: http://www.dnp.gov.co/archivos/documentos/DEE_Archivos_Economia/336.pdf]

Baltussen R, Bruce E, Rhodos G, Narh-Bana SA, Agyepong I. Management of mutual health organizations in Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(5): 654-659.

Castano R, Zambrano A. Biased selection within the social health insurance market in Colombia. Health Pol 2006; 79(2-3): 313-324.

Wang H, Zhang L, Yip W, Hsiao W. Adverse selection in a voluntary Rural Mutual Health Care health insurance scheme in China. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(5): 1236-1245.

Kirigia JM, Sambo LG, Nganda B, Mwabu GM, Chatora R, Mwase T. Determinants of health insurance ownership among South African women. BMC Health Serv Res 2005; 5(17): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/5/17]

Holst J, Laaser U, Hohmann J. Chilean health insurance system: a source of inequity and selective social insecurity. J Public Health 2004; 12: 271-282.

Jowett M, Deolalikar A, Martinsson P. Health insurance and treatment-seeking behaviour: evidence from a low-income country. Health Econ 2004; 13: 845-857.

Liu Y. Development of the rural health insurance system in China. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 159-165.

69 Sapelli C. Risk segmentation and equity in the Chilean mandatory health insurance system. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 259-265.

Atim C. Participation and adverse selection in a voluntary community health insurance scheme: en evaluation of the Nkoranza community health insurance scheme in Ghana. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 269-282. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Trujillo AJ. Medical care use and selection in a social health insurance with an equalization fund: evidence from Colombia. Health Econ 2003; 12: 231-246.

• Prepayment

Wang H, Gu D, Dupre ME. Factors associated with enrollment, satisfaction, and sustainability of the New Cooperative Medical Scheme program in six study areas in rural Beijing. Health Pol 2008; 85(1): 32-44.

Kamuzora P, Gilson L. Factors influencing implementation of the Community Health Fund in Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(2): 95-102.

Kondo M, McPake B. Making choices between prepayment and user charges in Zambia; what are the results for equity? Health Econ 2007; 16(12): 1371-1387.

Lee K, Lee S. Effects of the DRG-based prospective payment system operated by the voluntarily participating providers on the cesarean section rates in Korea. Health Pol 2007; 81(2-3): 300-308.

Ensor T, Ronoh J. Effective financing of maternal health services; a review of the literature. Health Pol 2005; 75(1): 49-58.

Musango L. Organisation et mise en place des mutuelles de santé; défi au développement de l'assurance au Rwanda [dissertation]. Bruxelles: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Faculté de Médecine, Ecole de Santé Publique, 2005: 181 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/18984]

Musango L, Martiny P, Porignon D, Dujardin B. Le système de prépaiement au Rwanda (I): analyse d'une expérience pilote. Cah Santé 2004; 14: 93-99.

Musango L, Martiny P, Porignon D, Dujardin B. Le système de prépaiement au Rwanda (II): adhésion et utilisation des services par les bénéficiaires. Cah Santé 2004; 14: 101-107.

Konfe S, Drabo KM, Tarnagda Z, Milogo A, Macq J. Prépaiement de la vaccination des nourrissons, mythe ou réalité? Une expérience du centre de santé de Samou au Burkina Faso. Méd Afrique Noire 2003; 50: 361-366.

Bogg L, Wang K, Diwan V. Chinese maternal health in adjustment: claim for life. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(20): 95-107.

Schneider P, Diop F, Leighton C. Pilot testing prepayment for health services Rwanda: results and recommendations for policy directions and implementation. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2001: 77 pp. (PHR Technical Reports; 66).

Yip W, Eggleston K. Provider payment reform in China: the case of hospital reimbursement in Hainan province. Health Econ 2001; 10: 325-339.

Diop F, Schneider P, Butera D. Summary of results: prepayment schemes in the Rwandan districts of Byumba, Kabgayi, and Kabutare. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2000: 99 pp. (PHR Technical Reports; 59).

Shehata I, Diop FP, Bucyana S. Development and implementation of prepayment schemes in Rwanda. Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2000: 61 pp. (PHR Technical Reports; 45).

• Private health insurance

Drechsler D, J tting J. Different countries, different needs: the role private health insurance in developing countries. J Health Polit Pol Law 2007; 32(3): 497-534.

Preker AS, Scheffler RM, Bassett MC, editors. Private voluntary health insurance in development: friend or foe? Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2007: 460 pp. [Available from: http://go.worldbank.org/5UDZDLY090 ]

Waitzkin H, Jasso-Aguilar R, Iriart C. Privatization of health services in less developed countries: an empirical response to the proposals of the World Bank and Wharton School. Int J Health Serv 2007; 37(2): 205-227.

Ying XH, Hu TW, Ren J, Chen W, Xu K, Huang JH. Demand for private health insurance in Chinese urban areas. Health Econ 2007; 16(10): 1041-1050.

Sekhri N, Savedoff W. Regulating private health insurance to serve the public interest; policy issues for developing countries. Int J Health Plann Manag 2006; 21(4): 357-392.

Devadasan N. Health insurance in India: the flavour of the month. INFI Newsl 2005; 10(20): 6-8.

Sekhri N, Savedoff WD. Private health insurance: implications for developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 127-134.

Wu M, Xin Y, Wang H, Yu W. Private and public cross-subsidization: financing Beijing's health insurance reform. Health Pol 2005; 72(1): 41-52.

Ensor T. Consumer-led demand side financing in health and education and its relevance for low and middle income countries. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19: 267-285.

Holst J, Laaser U, Hohmann J. Chilean health insurance system: a source of inequity and selective social insecurity. J Public Health 2004; 12: 271-282.

Banoob SN. Global directions for reforming health systems and expanding insurance; what is suitable for the Arab Gulf countries? Saudi Med J 2001; 22: 743-748.

Iriart C, Merhy EE, Waitzkin H. Managed care in Latin America: the new common sense in health policy reform. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 1243-1253.

Barrientos A, Lloyd-Sherlock P. Reforming health insurance in Argentina and Chile. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 417-423. 71

Murray SF. Relation between private health insurance and high rates of caesarean section in Chile: qualitative and quantitative study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1501-1505.

Söderlund N, Hansl B. Health insurance in South Africa: an empirical analysis of trends in risk- pooling and efficiency following deregulation. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 378-385.

• Social health insurance

Mathauer I, Schmidt JO, Wenyaa M. Extending social health insurance to the informal sector in Kenya; an assessment of factors affecting demand. Int J Health Plann Manag 2008; 23(1): 51-68.

Habtom GK, Ruys P. Traditional risk-sharing arrangements and informal social insurance in Eritrea. Health Pol 2007; 80(1): 218-235.

Hsiao WC, Shaw RP, editors. Social health insurance for developing nations. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2007: 172 pp. (WBI Development Studies). [ITM Library: SOE/20813]

Huang N, Yip W, Chou YJ, Wang PJ. The distribution of net benefits under the national health insurance programme in Taiwan. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(1): 49-59.

Gottret P, Schieber G. Health financing revisited; a practitioner's guide. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2006: 318 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/19758]

Lloyd-Sherlock P. When social health insurance goes wrong: lessons from Argentina and Mexico. Soc Pol Admin 2006; 40(4): 353-368.

Obermann K, Jowett MR, Alcantara MOO, Banzon EP, Bodart C. Social health insurance in a developing country: the case of the Philippines. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(12): 3177-3185.

Savedoff WD. Is there a case for social insurance? Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 183-184.

Mariam DH. Indigenous social insurance as an alternative financing mechanism for health care in Ethiopia (the case of Eders). Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 1719-1726.

McIntyre D, Doherty J, Gilson L. A tale of two visions: the changing fortunes of social health insurance in South Africa. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 47-58.

Savedoff WD. Is there a case for social insurance? Health Pol Plann 2004; 19(183-184): 183-184. Criel B, Waelkens MP. Declining subscriptions to the Maliando Mutual Health Organisation in Guinea-Conakry (West Africa): what is going wrong? Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 1205-1219. 72

Trujillo AJ. Medical care use and selection in a social health insurance with an equalization fund: evidence from Colombia. Health Econ 2003; 12: 231-246.

• Community insurance – microinsurance – reinsurance

Dong H, Gbangou A, De Allegri M, Pokhrel S, Sauerborn R. The differences in characteristics between health-care users and non-users: implication for introducing community-based health insurance in Burkina Faso. Eur J Health Econ 2008; 9(1): 41-50.

Devadasan N, Van Damme W, Criel B, Ranson K, Van der Stuyft P. Indian community health insurance schemes provide partial protection against catastrophic health expenditure. BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(43): 22 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6973/7/43]

Ndiaye P, Soors W, Criel B. A view from beneath: community health insurance in Africa [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(2): 157-161.

Poletti T, Balabanova D, Ghazaryan O, Kocharyan H, Hakobyan M, Arakelyan K, Normand C. The desirability and feasibility of scaling up community health insurance in low-income settings; lessons from Armenia. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(3): 509-520.

Sinha T, Ranson MK, Chatterjee M, Mills A. Management initiatives in a community-based health insurance scheme. Int J Health Plann Manag 2007; 22(4): 289-300.

Baltussen R, Bruce E, Rhodos G, Narh-Bana SA, Agyepong I. Management of mutual health organizations in Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(5): 654-659.

De Allegri M, Sanon M, Bridges J, Sauerborn R. Understanding consumers' preferences and decision to enrol in community-based health insurance in rural West Africa. Health Pol 2006; 76(1): 58-71.

De Allegri M, Sanon M, Sauerborn R. "To enrol or not to enrol?": a qualitative investigation of demand for health insurance in rural West Africa. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(6): 1520-1527.

Devadasan N, Ranson K, Van Damme W, Acharya A, Criel B. The landscape of community health insurance in India: an overview based on 10 case studies. Health Pol 2006; 78(2-3): 224-234. 73

Ranson MK, Sinha T, Chatterjee M, Acharya A, Bhavsar A, Morris SS, Mills AJ. Making health insurance work for the poor: learning from the self-Employed Women's Association's (SEWA) community-based health insurance scheme in India. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(3): 707-720.

Schmidt JO, Mayindo JK, Kalk A. Thresholds for health insurance in Rwanda: who should pay how much? Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(8): 1327-1333.

Sinha T, Ranson MK, Chatterjee M, Acharya A, Mills AJ. Barriers to accessing benefits in a community-based insurance scheme: lessons learnt from SEWA insurance, Gujarat. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(2): 132-142.

Zhang L, Wang H, Wang L, Hsiao W. Social capital and farmer's willingness-to-join a newly established community-based health insurance in rural China. Health Pol 2006; 76(2): 233-242.

Carrin G, Waelkens MP, Criel B. Community-based health insurance in developing countries: a study of its contribution to the performance of health financing systems. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 799-811.

Criel B, Diallo AA, Van der Vennet J, Waelkens MP, Wiegandt A. La difficulté du partenariat entre professionnels de santé et mutualistes: le cas de la mutuelle de santé Maliando en Guinée-Conakry. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 450-463.

Devadasan N. Community health insurance in India; a compilation of case studies. Ahmedabad: Friends of Women's World Banking, 2005: 117 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/19087]

Dong H, Kouyate B, Cairns J, Sauerborn R. Inequality in willingness-to-pay for community-based health insurance. Health Pol 2005; 72(2): 149-156.

Jütting JP. Health insurance for the poor in developing countries. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005: 156 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/19103]

Richard V. Financement communautaire de la santé en Afrique: les mutuelles de santé. Méd Trop 2005; 65: 87-90.

Wang H, Yip W, Zhang L, Wang L, Hsiao W. Community-based health insurance in poor rural China: the distribution of net benefits. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 366-374.

Arhin-Tenkorang D. Experience of community health financing in the African region. In: Preker AS, Carrin G, editors. Health financing for poor people; resource mobilization and risk sharing. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank; Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); Geneva: International Labour Office (ILO), 2004: 157-197. [ITM Library: SOE/18774]

Asfaw A, von Braun J. Can community health insurance schemes shield the poor against the downside health effects of economic reforms? The case of Ethiopia. Health Pol 2004; 70(1): 97-108.

Bennett S. The role of community-based health insurance within the health care financing system: a framework for analysis. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 147-158.

Criel B, Atim C, Basaza R, Blaise P, Waelkens MP. Community health insurance (CHI) in sub-Saharan Africa: researching the context [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 1041-1043.

74 Devadasan N, Ranson K, Van Damme W, Criel B. Community health insurance in India; an overview. Econ Pol Weekly 2004; 39: 3179-3183.

Dong H, Mugisha F, Gbangou A, Kouyate B, Sauerborn R. The feasibility of community-based health insurance in Burkina Faso. Health Pol 2004; 69(1): 45-53.

Ekman B. Community-based health insurance in low-income countries: a systematic review of the evidence. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 249-270.

Gumber A. The potential role of community financing in India. In: Preker AS, Carrin G, editors. Health financing for poor people; resource mobilization and risk sharing. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank; Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); Geneva: International Labour Office (ILO), 2004: 293-314. [ITM Library: SOE/18774]

Hsiao WC. Experience of community health financing in the Asian region. In: Preker AS, Carrin G, editors. Health financing for poor people; resource mobilization and risk sharing. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank; Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); Geneva: International Labour Office (ILO), 2004: 119-155. [ITM Library: SOE/18774]

Musau S. The community health fund: assessing implementation of new management procedures in Hanang district, Tanzania. Bethesda: Abt Associates, 2004: 21 pp. (PHRplus Technical Reports; 034).

Palmer N, Mueller DH, Gilson L, Mills A, Haines A. Health financing to promote access in low income settings; how much do we know? Lancet 2004; 364: 1365-1370.

Ranson MK. The SEWA medical insurance fund in India. In: Preker AS, Carrin G, editors. Health financing for poor people; resource mobilization and risk sharing. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank; Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); Geneva: International Labour Office (ILO), 2004: 275-292. [ITM Library: SOE/18774]

Schneider P. The contribution of micro-health insurance to equity and sustainability in Rwanda [dissertation]. London: University of London, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 2004: 327 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/18892]

Schneider P. Why should the poor insure? Theories of decision-making in the context of health insurance. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 349-355.

Schneider P, Diop F. Community-based health insurance in Rwanda. In: Preker AS, Carrin G, editors. Health financing for poor people; resource mobilization and risk sharing. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank; Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO); Geneva: International Labour Office (ILO), 2004: 251-274. [ITM Library: SOE/18774]

Waelkens MP, Criel B. Les mutuelles de santé en Afrique sub-saharienne; état des lieux et réflexions sur un agenda de recherche. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 99 pp. (Preker AS, editor. Health, Nutrition and Population Discussion Papers). [Available from: http://go.worldbank.org/JKIZEULO60]

Arhinful DK. The solidarity of self-interest; social and cultural feasibility of rural health insurance in Ghana. Leiden: African Studies Centre, 2003: 222 pp. (African Studies Centre Research Report; 71). [ITM Library: SOE/18416]

75 Atim C. Participation and adverse selection in a voluntary community health insurance scheme: an evaluation of the Nkoranza community health insurance scheme in Ghana. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 269-282. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Dong H, Kouyate B, Cairns J, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R. Willingness-to-pay for community-based insurance in Burkina Faso. Health Econ 2003; 12: 849-862.

Dong H, Kouyaté B, Snow R, Mugisha F, Sauerborn R. Gender's effect on willingness-to-pay for community-based insurance in Burkina faso. Health Pol 2003; 64(2): 153-162.

Dror DM, Fonteneau R, Jacquier C. Analyse d'un nouveau concept: la micro-assurance (pour combler le chaînon manquant des interventions sanitaires). In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 205-222. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Dror DM, Preker AS, editors. Réassurance sociale; stabiliser les micro-assurances santé dans les pays pauvres. Washington: Banque Mondiale; Genève: Organisation International du Travail; Paris: Editions ESKA, 2003: 522 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/18415]

Fairbank A. Sources of financial instability of community-based health insurance schemes: how could social reinsurance help? Bethesda: Abt Associates, 2003: 41 pp. (PHRplus Technical Reports; 024).

Hope RL. Paying in potatoes: community-based health insurance for the rural and informal sector. Lancet 2003; 362: 827-829.

Mariam DH, Brenzel L. Feasibility of community-based health insurance in Ethiopia. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 237-250. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Ogawa S, Hasegawa T, Carrin G, Kawabata K. Scaling up community health insurance: Japan's experience with the 19th century Jyorei scheme. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 270-278.

Ranson MK. Analysis of claims submitted to a community-based medical insurance fund in rural India. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 283-297. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Agboado G. Evolution of mutual health organisations in Ghana: the proposed roles for the district health services. INFI Newsl 2002; 7(13): 24-30.

Criel B, Noumou Barry A, von Roenne F, editors. Le projet PRIMA en Guinée Conakry; une expérience d'organisation de mutuelles de santé en Afrique rurale. Brussels: Medicus Mundi Belgium, 2002: 255 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/17709]

Dror DM, Preker AS, editors. Social re-insurance: a new approach to sustainable community health financing. Washington: World Bank; Geneva: International Labour Office (ILO), 2002: 518 pp. [ITM Library: SOE/18372]

76 Preker AS, Carrin G, Dror D, Jakab M, Hsiao W, Arhin-Tenkorang D. Effectiveness of community health financing in meeting the cost of illness. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 143-150.

Ranson MK, John KR. Quality of hysterectomy care in rural Gujarat: the role of community-based health insurance. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(20): 70-81.

Sommerfeld J, Sanon M, Kouyate BA. Informal risk-sharing arrangements (IRSAs) in rural Burkina Faso: lessons for the development of community-based insurance (CBI). Int J Health Plann Manag 2002; 17: 147-163.

Dror DM. Reinsurance of health insurance for the informal sector. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 672-678.

Ranson MK, John KR. Quality of hysterectomy care in rural Gujarat: the role of community-based health insurance. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 395-403.

Atim C, Sock M. An external evaluation of the Nkoranza community financing health insurance scheme, Ghana. Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2000: 84 pp. (PHR Technical Reports; 50).

77 HEALTH PERSONNEL

General

Chopra M, Munro S, Lavis JN, Vist G, Bennett S. Effects of policy options for human resources for health: an analysis of systematic reviews. Lancet 2008; 371(9613): 668-674.

Glassman A, Becker L, Makinen M, de Ferranti D. Planning and costing human resources for health. Lancet 2008; 371(9613): 693-695.

Bossert T, Bärnighausen T, Bowser D, Mitchell A, Gedik G. Assessing financing, education, management and policy context for strategic planning of human resources for health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2007: 86 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241547314_eng.pdf]

Ssengooba F, Rahman SA, Hongoro C, Rutebemberwa E, Mustafa A, Kielmann T, McPake B. Health sector reforms and human resources for health in Uganda and Bangladesh: mechanisms of effect. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(3): 13 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources- health.com/content/5/1/3]

Dal Poz MR, Quain EE, O'Neil M, McCaffery J, Elzinga G, Martineau T. Addressing the health workforce crisis: towards a common approach [editorial]. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(21): 4 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/21]

OMS. Rapport sur la santé dans le monde 2006; travailler ensemble pour la santé. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), 2006: 213 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/924256317X_fre.pdf]

Vujicic M, Zurn P. The dynamics of the health labour market. Int J Health Plann Manag 2006; 21(2): 101-115.

WHO. The World Health Report 2006: working together for health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2006: 209 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241563176_eng.pdf]

Homedes N, Ugalde A. Human resources: the Cinderella of health sector reform in Latin America. Hum Resources Health 2005; 3(1): 13 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/3/1/1]

Zurn P, Dal Poz MR, Stilwell B, Adams O. Imbalance in the health workforce. Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(13): 12 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/13]

Diallo K, Zurn P, Gupta N, Dal Poz M. Monitoring and evaluation of human resources for health: an international perspective. Hum Resources Health 2003; 1(3): 13 pp. [Available from: www.human- resources-health.com/content/1/1/3]

Hamdan M, Defever M. Human resources for health in Palestine; a policy analysis. Part II: The process of policy formulation and implementation. Health Pol 2003; 64(2): 261-273.

78 Hamdan M, Defever M. Human resources for health in Palestine; a policy analysis. Part I: Current situation and recent developments. Health Pol 2003; 64(2): 243-259.

Soeters R, Griffiths F. Improving government health services through contract management: a case from Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 74-83.

Alwan A, Hornby P. The implications of health sector reform for human resources development. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 56-60.

Guevara EB, Mendias EP. A comparative analysis of the changes in nursing practice related to health sector reform in five countries of the Americas. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2002; 12: 347-353.

Twigg JL. Health care reform in Russia: a survey of head doctors and insurance administrators. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 2253-2265.

Van Lerberghe W, Ferrinho P. From human resource planning to human resource impact assessment: changing trends in health workforce strategies. Cah Sociol Démogr Méd 2002; 42: 167-178.

Human resource requirements – geographical distribution

Daviaud E, Chopra M. How much is not enough? Human resources requirements for primary health care: a case study from South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(1): 46-51.

Makowiecka K, Achadi E, Izati Y, Ronsmans C. Midwifery provision in two districts in Indonesia: how well are rural areas served? Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(1): 67-75.

Anand S, Bärnighausen T. Health workers and vaccination coverage in developing countries: an econometric analysis. Lancet 2007; 369(9569): 1277-1285 [+ 1238-1239].

Dreesch N, Nyoni J, Mokopakgosi O, Seipone K, Kalilani JA, Kaluwa O, Musowe V. Public-private options for expanding access to human resources for HIV/AIDS in Botswana. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(25): 7 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/5/1/25]

James R, Wright-Revolledo K, Katundu B. Assessing the organisational costs of HIV/AIDS on NGOs in Malawi: results from a pilot study. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(10): 1172-1179.

Kurowski C, Wyss K, Abdulla S, Mills A. Scaling up priority health interventions in Tanzania: the human resources challenge. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(3): 113-127.

Makombe SD, Jahn A, Tweya H, Chuka S, Kwong-Leung Yu J, Hochgesang M, Aberle-Grasse J, Pasulani O, Schouten EJ, Kamoto K, Harries AD. A national survey of the impact of rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy on health-care workers in Malawi: effects on human resources and survival. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(11): 851-857.

Samb B, Celletti F, Holloway J, Van Damme W, De Cock KM, Dybul M. Rapid expansion of the health workforce in response to the HIV epidemic. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(24): 2510-2514.

Serneels P, Lindelow M, Montalvo JG, Barr A. For public service or money: understanding geographical imbalances in the health workforce. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(3): 128-138.

79 Barden-O'Fallon J, Angeles G, Tsui A. Imbalances in the health labour force: an assessment using data from three national health facility surveys. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(2): 80-90.

Dussault G, Franceschini MC. Not enough there, too many here: understanding geographic imbalances in the distribution of the health workforce. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(12): 16 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/12]

Gerein N, Green A, Pearson S. The implications of shortages of health professionals for maternal health in sub-Saharan Africa. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 40-50.

Hirschhorn LR, Oguda L, Fullem A, Dreesch N, Wilson P. Estimating health workforce needs for antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(1): 16 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/1]

Figueroa-Munoz J, Palmer K, Dal Poz MR, Blanc L, Bergström K, Raviglione M. The health workforce crisis in TB control: a report from high-burden countries. Hum Resources Health 2005; 3(2): 9 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/3/1/2]

Olsen OE, Ndeki S, Norheim OF. Human resources for emergency obstetric care in northern Tanzania: distribution of quantity or quality? Hum Resources Health 2005; 3(5): 12 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/3/1/5]

Parent F, Fromageot A, Coppieters Y, Lejeune C, Lemenu D, Garant M, Piette D, Levêque A, de Ketele JM. Analysis of adequacy levels for human resources improvement within primary health care framework in Africa. Health Res Pol Systems 2005; 3(8): 8 pp. [Available from: www.health- policy-systems.com/content/3/1/8]

Anand S, Bärnighausen T. Human resources and health outcomes: cross-country econometric study. Lancet 2004; 364: 1603-1609 [+ 1558-1560].

Gupta N, Zurn P, Diallo K, Dal Poz MR. Uses of population census data for monitoring geographical imbalance in the health workforce: snapshots from three developing countries. Int J Equity Health 2003; 2(11): 12 pp. [Available from: http://www.equityhealthj.com/content/2/1/11]

Performance – competence – training

Crisp N, Gawanas B, Sharp I. Training the health workforce: scaling up, saving lives. Lancet 2008; 371(9613): 689-691.

Reynolds H, Toroitich-Ruto C, Nasution M, Beaston-Blaakman A, Janowitz B. Effectiveness of training supervisors to improve reproductive health quality of care: a cluster-randomized trial in Kenya. Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(1): 56-66.

Ayaya SO, Liechty E, Conway JH, Kamau T, Esamai FO. Training needs for mid-level managers and immunisation coverage in western Kenya. East Afr Med J 2007; 84(7): 342-352. 80

Mokwena K, Mokgatle-Nthabu M, Madiba S, Lewis H, Ntuli-Ngcobo B. Training of public health workforce at the National School of Public Health: meeting Africa's needs. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(12): 949-954.

Mullan F, Frehywot S. Non-physician clinicians in 47 sub-Saharan African countries. Lancet 2007; 370(9605): 2158-2163.

Partridge R, Proano L, Skarbek-Borowski G, Cohen S. Emergency medical training for health promoters in Central and South America. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2007; 22(6): 425-431.

Pereira C, Cumbi A, Malalane R, Vaz F, McCord C, Bacci A, Bergström S. Meeting the need for emergency obstetric care in Mozambique: work performance and histories of medical doctors and assistant medical officers trained for surgery. BJOG 2007; 114(11): 1530-1533.

Salako AA, Daniel OJ. Identifying the training needs of traditional birth attendants. Trop Doct 2007; 37(1): 6-10.

Suh S, Moreira P, Ly M. Improving quality of reproductive health care in Senegal through formative supervision: results from four districts. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(26): 12 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/5/1/26]

Vian T, Richards SC, McCoy K, Connelly P, Feeley F. Public-private partnerships to build human capacity in low-income countries: findings from the Pfizer program. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(8): 11 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/5/1/8]

Aiga H. Reasons for participation in and needs for continuing professional education among health workers in Ghana. Health Pol 2006; 77(3): 290-303.

Islam MT, Haque YA, Waxman R, Bhuiyan AB. Implementation of emergency obstetric care training in Bangladesh: lessons learned. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 61-72.

Lindelow M, Serneels P. The performance of health workers in Ethiopia: results from qualitative research. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(9): 2225-235.

Parent F, Lemenu D, Lejeune C, Komba D, Baulana R, Kahombo G, Coppieters Y. Référentiel de compétences infirmières en RD du Congo dans le cadre du renforcement des ressources humaines en santé. Santé Publique 2006; 18(3): 459-473.

Ramachandran P. Human resources for health [editorial]. Ind J Med Res 2006; 123(4): 485-488. ten Hoope-Bender P, Liljestrand J, MacDonagh S. Human resources and access to maternal health care. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(3): 226-233.

Cash R. Ethical issues in health workforce development. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 280-284.

Gilson L, Palmer N, Schneider H. Trust and health worker performance: exploring a conceptual framework using South African evidence. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 1418-1429.

Lewin S, Zwarenstein M, Lombard CJ. Staff training and ambulatory tuberculosis treatment outcomes: a cluster randomized controlled trial in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 250-259.

81 Nayeri ND, Nazari AA, Salsali M, Ahmadi F. Iranian staff nurses' views of their productivity and human resource factors improving and impeding it: a qualitative study. Hum Resources Health 2005; 3(9): 11 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/3/1/9 ]

Pruitt SD, Epping-Jordan JE. Preparing the 21st century global healthcare workforce. BMJ 2005; 330: 637-639.

Rowe AK, de Savigny D, Lanata CF, Victora CG. How can we achieve and maintain high-quality performance of health workers in low-resource settings? Lancet 2005; 366: 1026-1035.

Vidal L, Fall AS, Gadou D, editors. Les professionnels de santé en Afrique de l'Ouest; entre savoirs et pratiques; paludisme, tuberculose et prévention au Sénégal et en Côte d'Ivoire. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005: 328 pp. (Péquignot B, editor. Logiques Sociales).

Bossyns P, Van Lerberghe W. The weakest link: competence and prestige as constraints to referral by isolated nurses in rural Niger. Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(1): 8 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/1]

Diallo I. Formation en santé publique en Afrique subsaharienne: enjeux et opportunités. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 595-602.

Martineau T, Gong Y, Tang S. Changing medical doctor productivity and its affecting factors in rural China. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19: 101-111.

Narasimhan V, Brown H, Pablos-Mendez A, Adams O, Dussault G, Elzinga G, Nordstrom A, Habte D, Jacobs M, Solimano G, Sewankambo N, Wibulpolprasert S, Evans T, Chen L. Responding to the global human resources crisis. Lancet 2004; 363: 1469-1472.

Weeks AD, Alia G, Ononge S, Mutungi A, Otolorin EO, Mirembe FM. Introducing criteria based audit into Ugandan maternity units. Qual Safety Health Care 2004; 13: 52-55.

Boller C, Wyss K, Mtawisa D, Tanner M. Quality and comparison of antenatal care in public and private providers in the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 116-122.

Continuing medical education - continuing professional development - continuous in-service training; call it what you will, but what's its future? Afr Health 2003; 25(3 MERA Suppl.): iii-xvi.

Hyder AA, Akhter T, Qayyum A. Capacity development for health research in Pakistan: the effects of doctoral training. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 338-343.

Kelley E, Gamble Kelley A, Simpara CHT, Sidibé O, Makinen M. The impact of self-assessment on provider performance in Mali. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18: 41-48.

Mariko M. Quality of care and the demand for health services in Bamako, Mali: the specific roles of structural, process, and outcome components. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 1183-1196.

Stekelenburg J, Kyanamina SS, Wolffers I. Poor performance of community health workers in Kalabo district, Zambia. Health Pol 2003; 65(2): 109-118.

Unger JP, Marchal B, Green A. Quality standards for health care delivery and management in publicly oriented health services. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18(Suppl.1): S79-S88. van As AB, Blecher M. Value can be added to the health care system. S Afr Med J 2003; 93: 590-592. 82

Weeks AD, Alia G, Ononge S, Mutungi A, Otolorin EO, Mirembe FM. Introducing criteria based audit into Ugandan maternity units. BMJ 2003; 327: 1329-1331.

Buchan J, Dal Poz MR. Skill mix in the health care workforce: reviewing the evidence. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 575-580.

Dohlie MB, Mielke E, Wambwa G, Rukonge A. Empowering frontline staff to improve the quality of family planning services: a case study in Tanzania. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 114-130. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Uddin I, Al Kurkuman AR, Ahmed TJ, Iftikhar R. Perception of healthcare quality management in hospitals amongst medical professionals of Al-Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. Pakistan J Med Sci 2002; 18: 42-47.

Kwast B, Bergström S. Training professionals for safer motherhood. In: Lawson JB, Harrison KA, Bergström S, editors. Maternity care in developing countries. London: RCOG Press, 2001: 46-62. [ITM Library: UWE/17831]

Mendoza Aldana J, Piechulek H, Al-Sabir A. Client satisfaction and quality of health care in rural Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 512-517.

Mendoza Aldana J, Piechulek H, Al-Sabir A. Satisfaction des patients et qualité des soins dans des zones rurales du Bangladesh. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2001; 5: 65-70.

Ferrinho P, Van Lerberghe W, editors. Providing health care under adverse conditions: health personnel performance & individual coping strategies. Antwerpen: ITGPress, 2000: 253 pp. (Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 16). [ITM Library: SOF/16629] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ]

Staffing and scheduling

Lehmann U, Dieleman M, Martineau T. Staffing remote rural areas in middle- and low-income countries: a literature review of attraction and retention. BMC Health Serv Res 2008; 8(19): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/8/19]

Fritzen SA. Strategic management of the health workforce in developing countries: what have we learned? Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(4): 9 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources- health.com/content/5/1/4]

Liu X, Martineau T, Chen L, Zhan S, Tang S. Does decentralisation improve human resource management in the health sector? A case study from China. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(7): 1836-1845. ten Hoope-Bender P, Liljestrand J, MacDonagh S. Human resources and access to maternal health care. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(3): 226-233.

Kolehmainen-Aitken RL. Decentralization's impact on the health workforce: perspectives of managers, workers and national leaders. Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(5): 11 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/5]

Pereira Olmos H. La gestión de recursos humanos en el nivel local, importante para reducir barreras en la utilización de servicios sanitarios. Bol APS 2004; 10: 11-27. 83

Ferrinho P, Dal Poz M, Eds. Towards a global health workforce strategy. Antwerp: ITGPress, 2003: 490 pp. (Van Lerberghe W, Kegels G De Brouwere V, editors. Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 21). [ITM Library: SOF/18285] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ]

Buchan J, Dal Poz MR. Skill mix in the health care workforce: reviewing the evidence. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 575-580.

Janowitz B, Johnson L, Thompson A, West C, Marangwanda C, Baker Maggwa N. Excess capacity and the cost of adding services at family planning clinics in Zimbabwe. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 58-66. van der Walt HM, Swartz L. Task oriented nursing in a tuberculosis control programme in South Africa: where does it come from and what keeps it going? Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1001-1009.

Waters H, Abdalah H, Santillán D. Application of activity-based costing (ABC) for a Peruvian NGO healthcare provider. Int J Health Plann Manag 2001; 16: 3-18.

Buchan J, Ball J, O'May F. Determining skill mix in the health workforce: guidelines for managers and health professionals. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Organization of Health Services Delivery, 2000: 31 pp. (WHO/EIP/OSD/00.11/ Issues in Health Services Delivery; 3). [Available from: http://www.who.int/management/determining_skill_mix.pdf ]

Salaries and fringe benefits – informal payments – corruption

McCoy D, Bennett S, Witter S, Pond B, Baker B, Gow J, Chand S, Ensor T, McPake B. Salaries and incomes of health workers in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet 2008; 371(9613): 675-681 [+ 632-634].

Vian T. Review of corruption in the health sector: theory, methods and interventions. Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(2): 83-94.

Chiu YC, Clegg Smith K, Morlock L, Wissow L. Gifts, bribes and solicitions; print media and the social construction of informal payments to doctors in Taiwan. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(3): 521-530.

Jumpa M, Jan S, Mills A. The role of regulation in influencing income-generating activities among public sector doctors in Peru. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(5): 8 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/5/1/5]

Lewis M. Informal payments and the financing of health care in developing and transition countries. Health Affairs 2007; 26(4): 984-997.

Lindelow M, Serneels P. The performance of health workers in Ethiopia: results from qualitative research. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(9): 2225-235.

Muula AS, Maseko FC. How are health professionals earning their living in Malawi?. BMC Health Serv Res 2006; 6(97): 12 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/6/97]

84 Vian T, Burak LJ. Beliefs about informal payments in Albania. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(5): 392-401.

Vian T, Grybosk K, Sinoimeri Z, Hall R. Informal payments in government health facilities in Albania: results of a qualitative study. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(4): 877-887.

Dong Z, Hoven CW, Rosenfield A. Poverty and market forces combine to keep rural China unhealthy. Nature 2005; 433: 573-574.

Jan S, Bian Y, Jumpa M, Meng Q, Nyazema N, Prakongsai P, Mills A. Dual job holding by public sector health professionals in highly resource-constrained settings: problem or solution? Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 771-776.

Sengupta A, Nundy S. The private health sector in India. BMJ 2005; 331: 1157-1158.

Barber S, Bonnet F, Bekedam H. Formalizing under-the-table payments to control out-of-pocket hospital expenditures in Cambodia. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 199-208.

Belli P, Gotsadze G, Shahriari H. Out-of-pocket and informal payments in health sector: evidence from Georgia. Health Pol 2004; 70(1): 109-123.

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Ensor T. Informal payments for health care in transition economies. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 237-246.

Ferrinho P, Omar MC, Fernandes MJ, Blaise P, Bugalho AM, Van Lerberghe W. Pilfering for survival: how health workers use access to drugs as a coping strategy. BMC Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(4). [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/4 ]

Ferrinho P, Van Lerberghe W, Fronteira I, Hipólito F, Biscaia A. Dual practice in the health sector: review of the evidence. BMC Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(14): 17 pp. [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/14 ] von Schoen-Angerer T. Understanding health care in the south Caucasus: examples from Armenia. BMJ 2004; 329: 562-565.

Vujicic M, Zurn P, Diallo K, Adams O, Dal Poz M. The role of wages in the migration of health care professionals from developing countries. BMC Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(3). [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/3 ]

Agboado G. A framework for sustaining volunteerism in health care delivery in Ghana. INFI Newsl 2003; 8(16): 15-21.

Boré A, Jaffré Y, Touré Y. Bamako: la santé communautaire, et le centre de Sabalibougou. In: Jaffré Y, Olivier de Sardan J, editors. Une médecine inhospitalière; les difficiles relations entre soignants et soignés dans cinq capitales d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Marseille: APAD; Paris: Karthala, 2003: 429-447. (Copans J, editor. Collection Hommes et Sociétés). [ITM Library: SON/18158]

85 Diallo Y, Campel Camara M. Conakry: le centre de santé public de Gbessia-port. In: Jaffré Y, Olivier de Sardan J, editors. Une médecine inhospitalière; les difficiles relations entre soignants et soignés dans cinq capitales d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Marseille: APAD; Paris: Karthala, 2003: 387-428. (Copans J, editor. Collection Hommes et Sociétés). [ITM Library: SON/18158]

Kwon S. Payment system reform for health care providers in Korea. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 84-92.

Liu X. Policy tools for allocative efficiency of health services. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2003: 155 pp. [ITM Library: SOD/18293]

Moussa H. Niamey: le complexe sanitaire de Boukoki. In: Jaffré Y, Olivier de Sardan J, editors. Une médecine inhospitalière; les difficiles relations entre soignants et soignés dans cinq capitales d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Marseille: APAD; Paris: Karthala, 2003: 361-385. (Copans J, editor. Collection Hommes et Sociétés). [ITM Library: SON/18158]

Gruen R, Anwar R, Begum T, Killingsworth JR, Normand C. Dual job holding practitioners in Bangladesh: an exploration. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 267-279.

Hargreaves S. Time to right the wrongs: improving basic health in Nigeria. Lancet 2002; 359: 2030-2035.

Van Lerberghe W, Conceiçao C, Van Damme W, Ferrinho P. When staff is underpaid: dealing with individual coping strategies of health personnel. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 581-584.

Bitrán R. Paying health providers through capitation in Argentina, Nicaragua, and Thailand: output, spending, organizational impact, and market structure. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2001: 57 pp. (PHR Major Applied Research Papers. Series 2. Technical Papers; 1).

Yip WC, Supakankunti S, Sriratanaban J, Janjaroen WS, Pongpanich S. Impact of capitation payment: the social security scheme of Thailand. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2001: 100 pp. (PHR Major Applied Research Papers. Series 2. Working Papers; 4).

Ferrinho P, Van Lerberghe W, Eds. Providing health care under adverse conditions: health personnel performance & individual coping strategies. Antwerpen: ITGPress, 2000: 253 pp. (Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 16). [ITM Library: SOF/16629] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ]

Israr SM, Razum O, Ndiforchu V, Martiny P. Coping strategies of health personnel during economic crisis: a case study from Cameroon. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5: 288-292.

Thompson R, Witter S. Informal payments in transitional economies: implications for health sector reform. Int J Health Plann Manag 2000; 15: 169-187.

Ubilla G, Espinosa C, Bitrán R, Quintanilla P, Ramón Zamora J. The use of capitation payment by the Social Security Institute and previsional medical enterprises in Nicaragua. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2000: 37 pp. (PHR Major Applied Research Papers. Series 2. Working Papers; 3).

86 Motivation – incentives

Emukah EC, Enyinnaya U, Olaniran NS, Akpan EA, Hopkins DR, Miri ES, Amazigo U, Okoronkwo C, Stanley A, Rakers L, Richards FO, Katabarwa MN. Factors affecting the attrition of community-directed distributors of ivermectin, in an onchocerciasis-control programme in the Imo and Abia states of south-eastern Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008; 102(1): 45-51.

Meessen B, Kashala JPI, Musango L. Output-based payment to boost staff productivity in public health centres: contracting in Kabutare district, Rwanda. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(2): 108-115.

Serneels P, Lindelow M, Montalvo JG, Barr A. For public service or money: understanding geographical imbalances in the health workforce. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(3): 128-138.

Dieleman M, Toonen J, Touré H, Martineau T. The match between motivation and performance management of health sector workers in Mali. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(2): 7 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/2]

Manongi RN, Marchant TC, Bygbjerg IC. Improving motivation among primary health care workers in Tanzania: a health workers perspective. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(6): 7 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/6]

Mathauer I, Imhoff I. Health worker motivation in Africa: the role of non-financial incentives and human resource management tools. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(24): 17 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/24]

Pongsupap Y, Van Lerberghe W. Is motivation enough? Responsiveness, patient-centredness, medicalization and cost in family practice and conventional care settings in Thailand. Hum Resour- ces Health 2006; 4(19): 9 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/19]

Temmar F, Vissandjée B, Hatem M, Apale A, Kobluk D. Midwives in Morocco: seeking recognition as skilled partners in women-centred maternity care. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 83-90.

Gilson L, Palmer N, Schneider H. Trust and health worker performance: exploring a conceptual framework using South African evidence. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 1418-1429.

Mathole T, Lindmark G, Ahlberg BM. Dilemmas and paradoxes in providing and changing antenatal care: a study of nurses and midwives in rural Zimbabwe. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 385-393.

Agyepong IA, Anafi P, Asiamah E, Ansah EK, Ashon DA, Narh-Dometey C. Health worker (internal customer) satisfaction and motivation in the public sector in Ghana. Int J Health Plann Manag 2004; 19: 319-336.

Penn-Kekana L, Blaauw D, Schneider H. 'It makes me want to run away to Saudi Arabia': management and implementation challenges for public financing reforms from a maternity ward perspective. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19(Suppl.1): i71-i77.

Pereira Olmos H. La gestión de recursos humanos en el nivel local, importante para reducir barreras en la utilización de servicios sanitarios. Bol APS 2004; 10: 11-27.

Chou Y, Yip WC, Lee CH, Huang N, Sun YP, Chang HJ. Impact of separating drug prescribing and dispensing on provider behaviour: Taiwan's experience. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 316-329.

87 Dieleman M, Cuong PV, Anh LV, Martineau T. Identifying factors for job motivation of rural health workers in North Viet Nam. BMC Hum Resources Health 2003; 1(10). [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/1/1/10]

Jack W. Contracting for health services: an evaluation of recent reforms in Nicaragua. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 195-204.

Kyaddondo D, Reynolds White S. Working in a decentralized system: a threat to health workers' respect and survival in Uganda. Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18: 329-342.

Liu X, Mills A. The influence of bonus payments to doctors on hospital revenue: results of a quasi-experimental study. Appl Health Econ Health Pol 2003; 2: 91-98.

McIntyre D, Klugman B. The human face of decentralisation and integration of health services: experience from South Africa. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 108-119.

Narayana KV. The role of the state in the privatisation and corporatisation of medical care in Andhra Pradesh, India. In: Sen K, editor. Restructuring health services; changing contexts and comparative perspectives. London: Zed Books, 2003: 230-247. [ITM Library: SO/17987]

Soeters R, Griffiths F. Can government health workers be motivated? Experimenting with contract management: the case of Cambodia. In: Audibert M, Mathonnat J, de Roodenbeke E, editors. Le financement de la santé dans les pays d'Afrique et d'Asie à faible revenu. Paris: Karthala, 2003: 455-473. (Collection Economie et Développement). [ITM Library: SOE/18269]

Miller Franco L, Bennett S, Kanfer R. Health sector reform and public sector health worker motivation: a conceptual framework. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1255-1266.

Montagu D. Franchising of health services in low-income countries. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 121-130.

Wibulpolprasert S. Community health workers; 4th ed. In: Detels R, McEwen J, Beaglehole R, Tanaka H, editors. Oxford textbook of public health; the practice of public health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002: 1911-1930. [ITM Library: SO/17573]

Bennett S, Miller Franco L, Kanfer R, Stubblebine P. The development of tools to measure the determinants and consequences of health worker motivation in developing countries. Bethesda: Abt Associates; Bethesda: Partnerships for Health Reform (PHR), 2001: 45 pp. (PHR Major Applied Research Papers. Series 5. Technical Papers; 2)

Hanifi SMA, Bhuiya A. Family-planning services in a low-performing rural area of Bangladesh: insights from field observations. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 209-214.

Kipp W, Kamugisha J, Jacobs P, Burnham G, Rubaale T. User fees, health staff incentives, and service utilization in Kabarole district, Uganda. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 1032-1037.

Mechanic D. Lessons from the unexpected: the importance of data infrastructure, conceptual models, and serendipity in health services research. Milbank Q 2001; 79: 459-477.

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Janowitz B, Chege J, Thompson A, Rutenberg N, Homan R. Community-based distribution in Tanzania: costs and impacts of alternative strategies to improve worker performance. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 158-160, 193-195.

Leonard DK. Incentives in rural health care delivery: Cameroon. In: Leonard DK, editor. Africa's changing markets for health and veterinary services; the new institutional issues. Houndmills: Macmillan; New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000: 93-124. [ITM Library: SOD/16612]

Career mobility – brain-drain

• Rates – determinants – impact

Arah OA, Ogbu UC, Okeke CE. Too poor to leave, too rich to stay: developmental and global health correlates of physician migration to the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom. Am J Public Health 2008; 98(1): 148-154.

Clemens MA, Pettersson G. New data on African health professionals abroad. Hum Resources Health 2008; 6(1): 11 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/6/1/1]

Gostin LO. The international migration and recruitment of nurses. JAMA 2008; 299(15): 1827-1829.

Kaushik M, Jaiswal A, Shah N, Mahal A. High-end physician migration from India. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(1): 40-45.

Mills EJ, Schabas WA, Volmink J, Walker R, Ford N, Katabira E, Anema A, Joffres M, Cahn P, Montaner J. Should active recruitment of health workers from sub-Saharan Africa be viewed as a crime? Lancet 2008; 371(9613): 685-688.

Nguyen L, Ropers S, Nderitu E, Zuyderduin A, Luboga S, Hagopian A. Intent to migrate among nursing students in Uganda: measures of the brain drain in the next generation of health professionals. Hum Resources Health 2008; 6(5): 11 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources- health.com/content/6/1/5]

Aiken LH, Pittman P, Buchan J, editors. International migration of nurses. Health Serv Res 2007; 42(3(II)): 1275-1438.

Akl EA, Maroun N, Major S, Afif C, Chahoud B, Choucair J, Sakr M, Schünemann HJ. Why are you draining your brain? Factors underlying decisions of graduating Lebanese medical students to migrate. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(6): 1278-1284.

Arah OA. The metrics and correlates of physician migration from Africa. BMC Public Health 2007; 7(83): 7 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/83 ]

Brush BL, Sochalski J. International nurse migration: lessons from the Philippines. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2007; 8(1): 37-46.

89 Connell J, Zurn P, Stilwell B, Awases M, Braichet JM. Sub-Saharan Africa: beyond the health worker migration crisis? Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(9): 1876-1891.

Kangasniemi M, Winters LA, Commander S. Is the medical brain-drain beneficial? Evidence from overseas doctors in the UK. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(5): 915-923.

Troy PH, Wyness LA, McAuliffe E. Nurses' experiences of recruitment and migration from developing countries: a phenomenological approach. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(15): 7 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/5/1/15]

Buchan J. The impact of global nurse migration on health services delivery. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2006; 7(3 Suppl.): 16S-25S.

Kabene SM, Orchard C, Howard JM, Soriano MA, Leduc R. The importance of human resources management in health care: a global context. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(20): 17 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/20]

Kirigia JM, Gbary AR, Muthuri LK, Nyoni J, Seddoh A. The cost of health professionals' brain drain in Kenya. BMC Health Serv Res 2006; 6(89): 10 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/6/89]

Labonté R, Packer C, Klassen N. Managing health professional migration from sub-Saharan Africa to Canada: a stakeholder inquiry into policy options. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(22): 15 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/22]

Martineau T, Willetts A. The health workforce; managing the crisis ethical international recruitment of health professionals: will codes of practice protect developing country health systems? Health Pol 2006; 75(3): 358-367.

Muula AS, Panulo B, Maseko FC. The financial losses from the migration of nurses from Malawi. BMC Nurs 2006; 5(9): 6 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6955/5/9]

Pond B, McPake B. The health migration crisis: the role of four Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries. Lancet 2006; 367(9520): 1448-1455.

Record R, Mohiddin A. An economic perspective on Malawi's medical "brain-drain". Globalization Health 2006; 2(12): 8 pp. [Available from: www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/2/1/12 ]

Ahmad OB. Managing medical migration from poor countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 43-45 [+2-3].

Astor A, Akhtar T, Matallana MA, Muthuswamy V, Olowu FA, Tallo V, Lie RK. Physician migration: views from professionals in Colombia, Nigeria, India, Pakistan and the Philippines. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 2492-2500.

Bevan S. Britain accused of ignoring nurse-recruitment ban. Lancet 2005; 366: 1915-1916.

Buchan J. International recruitment of health professionals; we need to identify approaches to managing and moderating migration. BMJ 2005; 330: 210.

Dovlo D. Taking more than a fair share? The migration of health professionals from poor to rich countries. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 376-379.

90 Dovlo D. Wastage in the health workforce: some perspectives from African countries [commentary]. Hum Resources Health 2005; 3(6): 9 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources- health.com/content/3/1/6]

Eastwood JB, Conroy RE, Naicker S, West PA, Tutt RC, Plange-Rhule J. Loss of health professionals from sub-Saharan Africa: the pivotal role of the UK. Lancet 2005; 365: 1893-1900 [+1825; 1847-1848].

Hagopian A, Ofosu A, Fatusi A, Biritwum R, Essel A, Hart LG, Watts C. The flight of physicians from West Africa: views of African physicians and implications for policy. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 1750-1760.

Mullan F. The metrics of the physician brain drain. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1810-1818 [+ 1850-1852].

Nyonator F. Sustaining staff: experiences from Ghana in countering the brain-drain. Afr Health 2005; 24(4): 18-21.

Ahmad OB. Brain drain: the flight of human capital. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 797-798.

Brown RPC, Connell J. The migration of doctors and nurses from South Pacific Island Nations. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 2193-2210.

Buchan J, Sochalski J. The migration of nurses: trends and policies. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 587-594.

Connell J, Brown RPC. The remittances of migrant Tongan and Samoan nurses from Australia BMC Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(2). [Available from: http://www.human-resources- health.com/content/2/1/2 ]

Diallo K. Data on the migration of health-care workers: sources, uses, and challenges. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 601-607.

Hagopian A, Thompson MJ, Fordyce M, Johnson KE, Hart LG. The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America: measures of the African brain-drain. Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(17): 10 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/2/1/17]

Hodzongi I. Migration of health professionals. Afr Health 2004; 26(4): 10-11.

Martineau T, Decker K, Bundred P. "Brain drain" of health professionals: from rhetoric to responsible action. Health Pol 2004; 70: 1-10.

Nelson R. The nurse poachers. Lancet 2004; 364: 1743-1744.

Saravia NG, Miranda JF. Plumbing the brain drain. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 608-615.

Stilwell B, Diallo K, Zurn P, Vujicic M, Adams O, Dal Poz M. Migration of health-care workers from developing countries: strategic approaches to its management. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 595-600. 91

Marchal B, Kegels G. Health workforce imbalances in times of globalization: brain drain or professional mobility? Int J Health Plann Manag 2003; 18(Suppl.1): S89-S101.

Muula AS, Mfutso-Bengo JM, Makoza J, Chatipwa E. The ethics of developed nations recruiting nurses from developing countries: the case of Malawi. Nurs Ethics 2003; 10(4): 433-438.

Sanders D, Dovlo D, Meeus W, Lehmann U. Public health in Africa. In: Beaglehole R, editor. Global public health: a new era. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003: 135-155. [ITM Library: SO/17986]

Stilwell B, Diallo K, Zurn P, Dal Poz MR, Adams O, Buchan J. Developing evidence-based ethical policies on the migration of health workers: conceptual and practical challenges. BMC Hum Resources Health 2003; 1(8). [Available from: http://www.human-resources- health.com/content/1/1/8 ]

Wibulpolprasert S, Pengpaibon P. Integrated strategies to tackle the inequitable distribution of doctors in Thailand: four decades of experience. BMC Hum Resources Health 2003; 1(12). [Available from: http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/1/1/12]

Chanda R. Trade in health services. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 158-163.

Nchinda TC. Research capacity strengthening in the South. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1699-1711.

Pang T, Lansang MA, Haines A. Brain drain and health professionals. BMJ 2002; 324: 499-500.

Bissessar AM, Haqq E. Health care reform: policy content and process in the Caribbean; study no. 2: the historical development of the health system in Trinidad and Tobago. London: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Department of Public Health and Policy, 2001: 39 pp. (PHP Departmental Publications; 34).

Nigenda G, Machado MH. From state to market: the Nicaraguan labour market for health personnel. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 312-318.

• Solutions – alternatives

McLean T. Will reputational incentives stimulate a reversal of the physician brain drain? J Health Serv Res Pol 2008; 13(1): 50-52.

Robinson M, Clark P. Forging solutions to health worker migration. Lancet 2008; 371(9613): 691-693.

Rolfe B, Leshabari S, Rutta F, Murray SF. The crisis in human resources for health care and the potential of a 'retired' workforce: case study of the independent midwifery sector in Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(2): 137-149.

Yudkin JS, Owens G, Martineau F, Rowson M, Finer S. Global health-worker crisis: the UK could learn from Cuba. Lancet 2008; 371(9622): 1397-1399.

92 Kumar P. Providing the providers; remedying Africa's shortage of health care workers. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(25): 2564-2567.

McCourt W, Awases M. Addressing the human resources crisis: a case study of the Namibian health service. Hum Resources Health 2007; 5(1): 13 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources- health.com/content/5/1/1]

Mullan F, Frehywot S. Non-physician clinicians in 47 sub-Saharan African countries. Lancet 2007; 370(9605): 2158-2163.

Kruk ME, Pereira C, Vaz F, Bergström S, Galea S. Economic evaluation of surgically trained assistant medical officers in performing major obstetric surgery in Mozambique. BJOG 2007; 114(10): 1253-1260.

Sen A, Mahalanabis D, Singh AK, Som TK, Bandyopadhyay S, Roy S. New aides: an innovative approach in sick newborn care at a district-level special care unit. J Health Popul Nutr 2007; 25(4): 495-501.

Chi BH, Fusco H, Goma FM, Zulu I, Simmers E, Stringer JSA. HIVcorps: using volunteers to rapidly expand HIV health services across Zambia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 74(5): 918-921.

Kober K, Van Damme W. Public sector nurses in Swaziland: can the downturn be reversed? Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(13): 11 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources- health.com/content/4/1/13]

Muula AS. Shortage of health workers in the Malawian public health services system: how do parlementarians perceive the problem? Afr J Health Sci 2006; 13(1-2): 124-130.

Oulton JA. The global nursing shortage: an overview of issues and actions. Policy Polit Nurs Pract 2006; 7(3 Suppl.): 34S-39S.

Palmer D. Tackling Malawi's human resources crisis. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 27-39.

Lucas AO. Human resources for health in Africa; better training and firm national policies might manage the brain drain [editorial]. BMJ 2005; 331: 1037-1038.

Dovlo D. Using mid-level cadres as substitutes for internationally mobile health professionals in Africa. A desk review. Hum Resources Health 2004; 2(7): 12 pp. [Available from: www.human- resources-health.com/content/2/1/7 ]

Hongoro C, McPake B. How to bridge the gap in human resources for health. Lancet 2004; 364: 1451-1456.

Joint Learning Initiative. Human resources for health; overcoming the crisis. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Global Equity Initiative (GEI), 2004: 206 pp.

Kupfer L, Hofman K, Jarawan R, McDermott J, Bridbord K. Strategies to discourage brain drain. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 616-623.

Community health workers

Emukah EC, Enyinnaya U, Olaniran NS, Akpan EA, Hopkins DR, Miri ES, Amazigo U, Okoronkwo C, Stanley A, Rakers L, Richards FO, Katabarwa MN. Factors affecting the attrition of 93 community-directed distributors of ivermectin, in an onchocerciasis-control programme in the Imo and Abia states of south-eastern Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2008; 102(1): 45-51.

Martinez R, Vivancos R, Visschers B, Namatovu L, Nyangoma E, Walley J. Training needs, practices and barriers in the work of community reproductive health workers in Masindi district, Uganda. Trop Doct 2008; 38(2): 93-95.

Mbonye AK, Bygbjerg IC, Magnussen P. Intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy: a new delivery system and its effect on maternal health and pregnancy outcomes in Uganda. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(2): 93-100.

Schneider H, Hlophe H, van Rensburg D. Community health workers and the response to HIV/AIDS in South Africa: tensions and prospects. Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(3): 179-187.

Creanga AA, Bradley HM, Kidanu A, Melkamu Y, Tsui AO. Does the delivery of integrated family planning and HIV/AIDS services influence community-based workers' client loads in Ethiopia? Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(6): 404-414.

Haines A, Sanders D, Lehmann U, Rowe AK, Lawn JE, Jan S, Walker DG, Bhutta Z. Achieving child survival goals: potential contribution of community health workers. Lancet 2007; 369(9579): 2121-2131 [+ 2058-2059].

Onwujekwe O, Ojukwu J, Shu E, Uzochukwu B. Inequities in valuation of benefits, choice of drugs, and mode of payment for malaria treatment services provided by community health workers in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77(1): 16-21.

Partridge R, Proano L, Skarbek-Borowski G, Cohen S. Emergency medical training for health promoters in Central and South America. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2007; 22(6): 425-431.

Rowe SY, Kelly JM, Olewe MA, Kleinbaum DG, McGowan JE, McFarland DA, Rochat R, Deming MS. Effect of multiple interventions on community health workers' adherence to clinical guidelines in Siaya district, Kenya. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101(2): 188-202.

Rowe SY, Olewe MA, Kleinbaum DG, McGowan JE, McFarland DA, Rochat R, Deming MS. Longitudinal analysis of community health workers' adherence to treatment guidelines, Siaya, Kenya, 1997-2002. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(5): 651-663.

Stanback J, Mbonye AK, Bekiita M. Contraceptive injections by community health workers in Uganda: a nonrandomized community trial. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 768-773.

Brown A, Malca R, Zumaran A, Miranda JJ. On the front line of primary health care: the profile of community health workers in rural Quechua communities in Peru. Hum Resources Health 2006; 4(11): 6 pp. [Available from: www.human-resources-health.com/content/4/1/11]

Harzheim E, Duncan BB, Stein AT, Cunha CRH, Goncalves MR, Trindade TG, Oliveira MMC, Pinto MEB. Quality and effectiveness of different approaches to primary care delivery in Brazil. BMC Health Serv Res 2006; 6(156): 7 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472- 6963/6/156]

Mukantwali C, Maunder EMW, Paterson M, Gibson C. Impact of the special training of community health workers on breastfeeding counselling and support in KwaZulu-Natal. S Afr J Clin Nutr 2006; 19(1): 29-36.

94 Douthwaite M, Ward P. Increasing contraceptive use in rural Pakistan: an evaluation of the Lady Health Worker Programme. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 117-123.

Winch PJ, Gilroy KE, Wolfheim C, Starbuck ES, Young MW, Walker LD, Black RE. Intervention models for the management of children with signs of pneumonia or malaria by community health workers. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 199-212.

Hongoro C, McPake B. How to bridge the gap in human resources for health. Lancet 2004; 364: 1451-1456.

Muula AS, Theu J, Hofman JJ. Practice points in utilizing local volunteers in community health projects. Trop Doct 2004; 34: 182-183.

Stekelenburg J, Kyanamina SS, Wolffers I. Poor performance of community health workers in Kalabo district, Zambia. Health Pol 2003; 65(2): 109-118.

Cunningham LV. Teaching community health nursing in the developing world. Home Health Care Manag Pract 2002; 14(6): 441-447.

Shrestha S. Increasing contraceptive acceptance through empowerment of female community health volunteers in rural Nepal. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20: 156-165.

Chiocci L. Formation d'animateurs communautaires volontaires en éducation pour la santé à Saraguro, Equateur. Dév Santé 2001; 152: 29-32.

Kelly JM, Osamba B, Garg RM, Hamel MJ, Lewis JL, Rowe SY, Rowe AK, Deming MS. Community health worker performance in the management of multiple childhood illnesses: Siaya district, Kenya, 1997-2001. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 1617-1624.

Nair VM, Thankappan KR, Sarma PS, Vasan RS. Changing roles of grass-root level health workers in Kerala, India. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 171-179.

Solomon AW, Akudibillah J, Abugri P, Hagan M, Foster A, Bailey RL, Mabey DCW. Pilot study of the use of community volunteers to distribute azithromycin for trachoma control in Ghana. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 8-14.

95 DRUGS

National drug policies

Albert MA, Fretheim A, Maïga D. Factors influencing the utilization of research findings by health policy-makers in a developing country: the selection of Mali's essential medicines. Health Res Pol Systems 2007; 5(2): 8 pp. Available from: www.health-policy-systems.com/content/5/1/2]

Huff-Rouselle M, Simooya O, Kabwe V, Hollander I, Handema R, Mwango A, Mwape E. Pharmacovigilance and new essential drugs in Africa: Zambia draws lessons from its own experiences and beyond. Global Public Health 2007; 2(2): 184-203.

Homedes N, Ugalde A. Multisource drug policies in Latin America: survey of 10 countries. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 64-70.

Homedes N, Ugalde A, Forns JR. The World Bank, pharmaceutical policies, and health reforms in Latin America. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 691-717.

Summers R. The role of governments. In: Anderson S, Huss R, Summers R, Wiedenmayer K, editors. Managing pharmaceuticals in international health. Basel: Birkhäuser verlag, 2004: 87-104. [ITM Library: RS/18650]

Ahmed K. Drug management in healthcare. Afr Health 2003; 25(4): 17-18.

Paphassarang C, Wahlström R, Phoummalaysith B, Boupha B, Tomson G. Building the national drug policy on evidence; a cross sectional study on assessing implementation in Lao PDR. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 33: 647-653.

Ratanawijitrasin S, Wondemagegnehu E. Effective drug regulation; a multicountry study. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2002: 142+47 pp. [ITM Library: RS/17708]

Ratanawijitrasin S, Soumerai SB, Weerasuriya K. Do national medicinal drug policies and essential drug programs improve drug use? A review of experiences in developing countries. Soc Sci Med 2001; 53: 831-844.

Simonet D. Une analyse du marché pharmaceutique vietnamien. Cah Santé 2001; 11: 155-160.

Walley J, Wright J, Hubley J. Managing medicines. In: Walley J, Wright J, Hubley J, editors. Public health; an action guide to improving health in developing countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 191-221. [ITM Library: SO/17606]

WHO. How to develop and implement a national drug policy; 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2001: 83 pp. [ITM Library: RS/17514]

Commeyras C, Remay S, Soula G. Problématique du médicament au Cameroun; état des lieux de l'offre, de la demande, des prix de vente, et perspectives pour améliorer l'accessibilité financière. Bull Liaison Doc OCEAC 2000; 33(4): 23-30.

Maritoux J, Bruneton C, Bouscharain P. Le secteur pharmaceutique dans les états africains francophones. In: Gruénais ME, Pourtier R, editors. La santé en Afrique; anciens et nouveaux défis. Paris: La Documentation Française, 2000: 210-229. (Afrique Contemporaine; 195). [ITM Library: SO.1/16831]

Essential drugs concept

WHO. The selection and use of essential medicines; report of the WHO Expert Committee, 2007 (including the 15th model list of essential medicines). Tech Rep Ser WHO 2007; 946: 162 pp. [Available from: http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmeds_committeereports/TRS946_EMedLib.pdf

• Accessibility

Albert MA, Fretheim A, Maïga D. Factors influencing the utilization of research findings by health policy-makers in a developing country: the selection of Mali's essential medicines. Health Res Pol Systems 2007; 5(2): 8 pp. [Available from: www.health-policy-systems.com/content/5/1/2]

Bradford Kerry V, Lee K. TRIPS, the Doha declaration and paragraph 6 decision: what are the remaining steps for protecting access to medicines? Globalization Health 2007; 3(3): 12 pp. [Available from: http://globalizationandhealth.com/content/3/1/3]

Harries AD, Schouten EJ, Makombe SD, Libamba E, Neufville HN, Some E, Kadewere G, Lungu D. Ensuring uninterrupted supplies of antiretroviral drugs in resource-poor settings: an example from Malawi. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(2): 152-155.

Mendis S, Fukino K, Cameron A, Laing R, Filipe A, Khatib O, Leowski J, Ewen M. The availability and affordability of selected essential medicines for chronic diseases in six low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(4): 279-288.

Hogerzeil HV. Essential medicines and human rights: what can they learn from each other? Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(5): 371-375.

Hogerzeil HV, Samson M, Vidal Casanovas J, Rahmani-Ocora L. Is access to essential medicines as part of the fulfilment of the right to health enforceable through the courts? Lancet 2006; 368(9532): 305-311.

Homedes N, Ugalde A. Improving access to pharmaceuticals in Brazil and Argentina. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(2): 123-131.

A human rights approach to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines [round table]. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(5): 405-411.

Cohen JC, Gyansa-Lutterodt M, Torpey K, Esmail LC, Kurokawa G. TRIPS, the Doha Declaration and increasing access to medicines: policy options for Ghana. Globalization Health 2005; 1(17): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/1/1/17]

Guimier JM, Candau D, Garenne M, Teulières L. Mesurer l'accessibilité financière aux médicaments: l'exemple du Sénégal. Cah Santé 2005; 15: 53-62.

Munderi P, editor. Prescription for healthy development: increasing access to medicines. London: Earthscan, 2005: 169 pp. [ITM Library: RS/19166]

Panosian CB. Economic access to effective drugs for falciparum malaria. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40: 713-717.

97 Ridde V, Nitièma AP, Dadjoari M. Améliorer l'accessibilité des médicaments essentiels génériques aux populations d'une région sanitaire du Burkina Faso. Cah Santé 2005; 15: 175-182.

Ruxin J, Paluzzi JE, Wilson PA, Tozan Y, Kruk M, Teklehaimanot A. Emerging consensus in HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and access to essential medicines. Lancet 2005; 365: 618-621.

Mission for essential drugs and supplies, Kenya case study. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2004: 14 pp. (Perspectives and Practice in Antiretroviral Treatment). [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241592419.pdf]

Wiedenmayer K. Access and availability of pharmaceuticals in international health. In: Anderson S, Huss R, Summers R, Wiedenmayer K, editors. Managing pharmaceuticals in international health. Basel: Birkhäuser verlag, 2004: 19-31. [ITM Library: RS/18650]

Debate: "This house believes the essential drug concept hinders the effective deployment of drugs in developing countries". Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2003; 97: 1-15.

Jitta J, Reynolds White S, Nshakira N. The availability of drugs: what does it mean in Ugandan primary care. Health Pol 2003; 65(2): 167-179.

Laing R, Waning B, Gray A, Ford N, 't Hoen E. 25 years of the WHO essential medicines lists: progress and challenges. Lancet 2003; 361: 1723-1729.

Quick JD. Essential medicines twenty-five years on: closing the access gap. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 1-3.

Kegels G. Some issues in ensuring access to necessary pharmaceuticals. Med Mundi Int Newsl 2002; 68: 21-28.

Quick JD, Hogerzeil HV, Velásquez G, Rägo L. Twenty-five years of essential medicines. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 913-914.

Uzochukwu BSC, Onwukekwe OE, Akpala CO. Effect of the Bamako-Initiative drug revolving fund on availability and rational use of essential drugs in primary health care facilities in south-east Nigeria. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 378-383.

Videau JY. Accès pour tous aux médicaments de qualité. Méd Trop 2002; 62: 396-400.

Pécoul B, Chirac P, Trouiller P, Pinel J. L'accès aux médicaments essentiels dans les pays pauvres: une bataille perdue? In: Pennewaert E, editor. Bilan de santé; l'Afrique face à ses défis sanitaires. Bruxelles: Colophon Editions, 2001: 103-119. (Essais [Consortium 6 novembre]). [ITM Library: SO.1/17235]

Group purchasing – revolving drug funds

Rodríguez-Monguió R, Rovira J, Seoane-Vázquez E. Analysis of the World Bank's pharmaceutical lending. Health Pol 2007; 81(1): 102-116.

Witter S. Achieving sustainability, quality and access: lessons from the world's largest revolving drug fund in Khartoum. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13(6): 1476-1485.

Les problématiques du médicament dans les pays en développement. Méd Trop 2006; 66(6): 526-638. 98

Tambini G, Andrus JK, Fitzsimmons JW, Roses Periago M. Regional immunization programs as a model for strengthening cooperation among nations. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 20(1): 54-59.

DeRoeck D, Bawazir SA, Carrasco P, Kaddar M, Brooks A, Fitzsimmons J, Andrus J. Regional group purchasing of vaccines: review of the Pan American Health Organization EPI revolving fund and the Gulf Cooperation Council group purchasing program. Int J Health Plann Manag 2006; 21(1): 23-43.

Andrus JK, Fitzsimmons J. Introduction of new and underutilized vaccines: sustaining access, disease control, and infrastructure development. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 939-940.

Uzochukwu B, Onwujekwe O. Healthcare reform involving the introduction of user fees and drug revolving funds: influence on health workers' behavior in southeast Nigeria. Health Pol 2005; 75(1): 1-8.

Homedes N, Ugalde A, Forns JR. The World Bank, pharmaceutical policies, and health reforms in Latin America. Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 691-717.

Uzochukwu BSC, Onwujekwe OE, Akpala CO. Effect of the Bamako-Initiative drug revolving fund on availability and rational use of essential drugs in primary health care facilities in south-east Nigeria. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 378-383.

Murakami H, Phommasack B, Oula R, Sinxomphou S. Revolving drug funds at front-line health facilities in Vientiane, Lao PDR. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 98-106.

• Prescribing quality – rational drug use

Chandler CIR, Mwangi R, Mbakilwa H, Olomi R, Whitty CJM, Reyburn H. Malaria overdiagnosis: is patient pressure the problem? Health Pol Plann 2008; 23(3): 170-178.

Awad AI, Ball DE, Eltayeb IB. Improving rational drug use in Africa: the example of Sudan. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13(5): 1202-1211.

Hoa NQ, Öhman A, Stalsby Lundborg C, Chuc NTK. Drug use and health-seeking behavior for childhood illness in Vietnam; a qualitative study. Health Pol 2007; 82(3): 320-329.

Commeyras C, Ndo JR, Merabet O, Kone H, Rakotondrabe FP. Caractéristiques de la consommation de soins et de médicaments au Cameroun. Cah Santé 2006; 16(1): 13-19.

Jones R. The cost of antiretroviral drugs and influence on prescribing policies. Int J STD AIDS 2006; 17(8): 499-506.

Maiga D, Diawara A, Maiga MD. Evaluation de la prescription rationelle et de la dispensation des médicaments au Mali. Rev Epidémiol Santé Publique 2006; 54(6): 497-505.

Nwolisa CE, Erinaugha EU, Ofoleta SI. Prescribing practices of doctors attending to under fives in a children's outpatient clinic in Owerri, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr 2006; 52(3): 197-200. 99

Shrestha N, Samir KC, Baltussen R, Kafle KK, Bishai D, Niessen LW. Practical approach to lung health in Nepal: better prescribing and reduction of cost. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(5): 765-772.

Arrais PSD, Brito LL, Barreto ML, Coelho HLL. Prevalência e fatores determinantes do consumo de medicamentos no Município de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública 2005; 21(6): 1737-1746.

Bryant J, Prohmmo A. Payment mechanisms and prescriptions in four Thai hospitals. Health Pol 2005; 73(2): 160-171.

Chaudhury RR, Parameswar R, Gupta U, Sharma S, Tekur U, Bapna JS. Quality medicines for the poor: experience of the Delhi programme on rational use of drugs. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 124-136.

Meng Q, Cheng G, Silver L, Sun X, Rehnberg C, Tomson G. The impact of China's retail drug price control policy on hospital expenditures: a case study in two Shandong hospitals. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 185-196.

Nkogho Mengue PG, Grégoire JP, Moisan J. La prescription de médicaments dans les centres médicaux publics de soins de santé primaires au Gabon. Cah Santé 2005; 15(4): 229-234.

Park S, Soumerai SB, Adams AS, Finkelstein JA, Jang S, Ross-Degnan D. Antibiotic use following a Korean national policy to prohibit medication dispensing by physicians. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 302-309.

Acting on rational drug use in Uganda: the interface between research and policy. East Afr Med J 2004; 81(2(Suppl)): S1-S43.

Gouws E, Bryce J, Habicht JP, Amaral J, Pariyo G, Armstrong Schellenberg J, Fontaine O. Improving antimicrobial use among health workers in first-level facilities: results from the Multi-Country Evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 509-515.

Hogerzeil HV. The concept of essential medicines: lessons for rich countries. BMJ 2004; 329: 1169-1172.

Cunha Ramos M, Correa da Silva R, Gobbato RO, Civeira da Rocha F, de Lucca G, Filgueiras A. Pharmacy clerks' prescribing practices for STD patients in Porto Alegre, Brazil: missed opportunities for improving STD control. Int J STD AIDS 2004; 15: 333-336.

Helali A, Bruneton C. Une méthode pour mieux conseiller à l'officine et dispenser les médicaments. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 341-343.

Nsimba SED, Massele AY, Makonomalonja J. Assessing prescribing practice in church-owned primary healthcare (PHC) institutions in Tanzania: a pilot study. Trop Doct 2004; 34: 236-238.

Zurovac D, Rowe AK, Ochola SA, Noor AM, Midia B, English M, Snow RW. Predictors of the quality of health worker treatment practices for uncomplicated malaria at government health facilities in Kenya. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33: 1080-1091.

Chou Y, Yip WC, Lee CH, Huang N, Sun YP, Chang HJ. Impact of separating drug prescribing and dispensing on provider behaviour: Taiwan's experience. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 316-329.

100 Flores W, Ochoa H, Briggs J, Garcia R, Kroeger A. Economic costs associated with inadequate drug prescribing: an exploratory study in Chiapas, Mexico. Acta Trop 2003; 88: 57-68.

Maïga FI, Haddad S, Fournier P, Gauvin L. Public and private sector responses to essential drugs policies: a multilevel analysis of drug prescription and selling practices in Mali. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 937-948.

Pavin M, Nurgozhin T, Hafner G, Yusufy F, Laing R. Prescribing practices of rural primary health care physicians in Uzbekistan. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 182-190.

Radyowijati A, Haak H. Improving antibiotic use in low-income countries: an overview of evidence on determinants. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 733-744.

Rishi RK, Sangeeta S, Surendra K, Tailang M. Prescription audit: experience in Garhwal (Uttaranchal), India. Trop Doct 2003; 33: 76-79.

Wammanda RD, Ejembi CL, Iorliam T. Drug treatment costs: projected impact of using the integrated management of childhood illnesses. Trop Doct 2003; 33: 86-88.

Becker J, Drucker E, Enyong P, Marx P. Availability of injectable antibiotics in a town market in southwest Cameroon. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2: 325-326.

Boonstra E, Lindbaek M, Khulumani P, Ngome E, Fugelli P. Adherence to treatment guidelines in primary health care facilities in Botswana. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 178-186.

Chareonkul C, Khun VL, Boonshuyar C. Rational drug use in Cambodia: study of three pilot health centers in Kampong Thom Province. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 33: 418-424.

Dellamonica P, Bissagnene E, Dosso M. Critères de prescription des antibiotiques en Afrique. Méd Afrique Noire 2002; 49: 337-340.

Holloway KA, Gautam BR, Harpham T, Taket A. The influence of user fees and patient demand on prescribers in rural Nepal. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 905-918.

Ibeawuchi R, Mbata IT. Rational and irrational use of antibiotics. Afr Health 2002; 24(2): 16-18.

Kahindo JB, Ba A. Evaluation de la qualité prescriptionnelle dans le district sanitaire de Kirehe, Rwanda. Dév Santé 2002; 158: 26-32.

Siddiqi S, Hamid S, Rafique G, Chaudhry SA, Ali N, Shahab S, Sauerborn R. Prescription practices of public and private health care providers in Attock district of Pakistan. Int J Health Plann Manag 2002; 17: 23-40.

Trap B, Hansen EH. Cotrimoxazole prescribing by dispensing and non-dispensing doctors: do they differ in rationality? Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 878-885.

Trap B, Hansen EH, Hogerzeil HV. Prescription habits of dispensing and non-dispensing doctors in Zimbabwe. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 288-295.

101 Biritwum RB. Impact of health care financing reforms on the management of malaria in Ghana. East Afr Med J 2001; 78: 636-640.

Holloway KA, Gautam BR. Consequences of over-prescribing on the dispensing process in rural Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 151-154.

Holloway KA, Gautam BR, Reeves BC. The effects of different kinds of user fees on prescribing costs in rural Nepal. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 421-427.

Holloway KA, Gautam BR, Reeves BC. The effects of different kinds of user fees on prescribing quality in rural Nepal. J Clin Epidemiol 2001; 54: 1065-1071.

Laing RO, Hogerzeil HV, Ross-Degnan D. Ten recommendations to improve use of medicines in developing countries. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 13-20.

Mallet HP, Njikam A, Scouflaire SM. Evaluation des habitudes de prescription et de l'usage rationnel des médicaments au Niger; enquêtes successives dans 19 centres de santé intégrés de la région de Tahoua. Cah Santé 2001; 11: 185-193.

Massele AY, Nsimba SED, Rimoy G. Prescribing habits in church-owned primary health care facilities in Dar Es Salaam and other Tanzanian coast regions. East Afr Med J 2001; 78: 510-514.

Trap B, Todd CH, Moore H, Laing R. The impact of supervision on stock management and adherence to treatment guidelines: a randomized controlled trial. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 273-280.

WHO. Interventions and strategies to improve the use of antimicrobials in developing countries: a review. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2001: 30 pp. (WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.9). [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_CDS_CSR_DRS_2001.9.pdf]

Bosu WK, Ofori-Adjei D. An audit of prescribing practices in health care facilities of the Wassa West district of Ghana. West Afr J Med 2000; 19: 298-303.

Manyemba J, Dzuda C, Nyazema NZ. Rational drug use; part 1: the role of national drug policies. Cent Afr J Med 2000; 46: 229-232.

Manyemba J, Dzuda C, Nyazema NZ. Rational drug use; part 2: hospital drug and therapeutics committees. Cent Afr J Med 2000; 46: 256-259.

Pharmaceutical market

• Intellectual property rights

Botou Ituku E. Propriété intellectuelle et droits de l'homme; l'impact des brevets pharmaceutiques sur le droit à la santé dans le contexte du VIH/SIDA en Afrique. Genève: Schulthess; Bruxelles: Bruylant, 2007: 542 pp. (Collection Genevoise). [ITM Library: RS/20786]

Castro A, Westerhaus M. Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements. Cad Saúde Pública 2007; 23(Supl.1): S85-S96. 102

Chaves GC, Oliveira MA. A proposal for measuring the degree of public health; sensitivity of patent legislation in the context of the WTO TRIPS agreement. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(1): 49-56.

Deiss R. Intellectual property organizations and pharmaceutical patents in Africa. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(2): 287-291.

Mueller J. Taking TRIPS to India; Novartis, patent law, and access to medicines. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(6): 541-543.

Orsi F, D'Almeida C, Hasenclever L, Camara M, Tigre P, Coriat B. TRIPS post-2005 and access to new antiretroviral treatments in southern countries: issues and challenges [editorial review]. AIDS 2007; 21(15): 1997-2003.

Schweitzer SO. The worldwide market for pharmaceuticals; 2nd ed. In: Pharmaceutical economics and policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007: 157-176. [ITM Library: RS/19806]

Aoki R, Kubo K, Yamane H. Patent policy and public health in developing countries: lessons from Japan. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(5): 417-418.

Correa CM. Implications of bilateral free trade agreements on access to medicines. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(5): 399-404.

Milstien J, Kaddar M. Managing the effect of TRIPS on availability of priority vaccines. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(5): 360-365.

Musungu SF. Benchmarking progress in tackling the challenges of intellectual property, and access to medicine in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(5): 366-370.

OMS. Santé publique, innovation et droits de propriété intellectuelle; rapport de la Commission sur les Droits de Propriété intellectuelle, l'Innovation et la Santé publique. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), 2006: 239 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/a88439_fre.pdf]

WHO. Public health, innovation and intellectual property rights; report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2006: 228 pp.[Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/a88438_eng.pdf]

Dentico N, Ford N. The courage to change the rules: a proposal for an essential health R&D treaty. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 96-99.

Havlir DV, Hammer SM. Patents versus patients? Antiretroviral therapy in India. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 749-751.

Munderi P, editor. Prescription for healthy development: increasing access to medicines. London: Earthscan, 2005: 169 pp. [ITM Library: RS/19166]

103 Essential drugs and the pharmaceutical industry. In: Beigbeder Y, editor. International public health; patients' rights vs. the protection of patents. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004: 59-71. (Poku NK, Ostergard RL, editors. Global health). [ITM Library: SOA/18564]

Oliveira MA, Zepeda Bermudez JA, Costa Chavez G, Velásquez G. Has the implementation of the TRIPS agreement in Latin America and the Caribbean produced intellectual property legislation that favours public health? Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 815-821; +813.

Tayler Y, editor. Battling HIV/AIDS; a decision maker's guide to the procurement of medicines and related supplies. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2004: 152 pp. [ITM Library: KRC/18686]

Timmermans K. Harmonization, regulation, and trade: interactions in the pharmaceutical field. Int J Health Serv 2004; 34: 651-661.

Annas GJ. The right to health and the nevirapine case in South Africa. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 750-754.

Friedman MA, den Besten H, Attaran A. Out-licensing: a practical approach for improvement of access to medicines in poor countries. Lancet 2003; 361: 341-344.

Chaudhury RR, Gurbani NK. The TRIPS agreement: implications for access to drugs in developing countries. J Health Manag 2002; 4(1): 11-18.

Health. In: Integrating intellectual property rights and development policy; report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights. London: Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, 2002: 34-64. [Available from: http://www.iprcommission.org]

Andrews S. Access to essential medications for HIV/AIDS in South Africa. S Afr Med J 2001; 91: 384-387.

Chirac P, Dumoulin J, Kaddar M. Mondialisation et médicaments. In: Pennewaert E, editor. Bilan de santé; l'Afrique face à ses défis sanitaires. Bruxelles: Colophon Editions, 2001: 77-91. (Essais [Consortium 6 novembre]). [ITM Library: SO.1/17235]

Collazo Herrera MM, Casademunt Balbín N. La farmacoeconomía en la industria farmacéutica y el sistema sanitario de Cuba. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2001; 10: 263-267.

Dollar D. La mondialisation est-elle bonne pour votre santé. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2002; 6: 16-22.

Galvao J. Access to antiretroviral drugs in Brazil. Lancet 2002; 360: 1862-1865.

Di Fabio JL, de Quadros C. Considerations for combination vaccine development and use in the developing world. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 33(Suppl.4): S340-S345.

Dollar D. Is globalization good for your health? Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 827-833.

Lipson DJ. The World Trade Organization's health agenda [editorial]. BMJ 2001; 323: 1139-1140.

104 Wilder R. Protection of traditional medicine. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 36 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG4; 4).

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• Drug manufacturing – generics

Jadhav S, Datla M, Kreeftenberg H, Hendriks J. The Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers' Network (DCVMN) is a critical constituency to ensure access to vaccines in developing countries. Vaccine 2008; 26(13): 1611-1615.

Castro A, Westerhaus M. Access to generic antiretrovirals: inequality, intellectual property law, and international trade agreements. Cad Saúde Pública 2007; 23(Supl.1): S85-S96.

Schweitzer SO. The worldwide market for pharmaceuticals; 2nd ed. In: Pharmaceutical economics and policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007: 157-176. [ITM Library: RS/19806]

Steinbrook R. Thailand and the compulsory licensing of efavirenz. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(6): 544-546.

Cilento Dias CR, Romano-Lieber NS. Processo da implantaçao da politica de medicamentos genéricos no Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública 2006; 22(8): 1661-1669.

Homedes N, Ugalde A. Improving access to pharmaceuticals in Brazil and Argentina. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(2): 123-131.

Les problématiques du médicament dans les pays en développement. Méd Trop 2006; 66(6): 526-638.

Bertoldi AD, Barros AJD, Hallal PC. Generic drugs in Brazil: known by many, used by few. Cad Saúde Pública 2005; 21(6): 1808-1815.

Ridde V, Nitièma AP, Dadjoari M. Améliorer l'accessibilité des médicaments essentiels génériques aux populations d'une région sanitaire du Burkina Faso. Cah Santé 2005; 15: 175-182.

Mahoney RT, Pablos-Mendez A, Ramachandran S. The introduction of new vaccines into developing countries; III. The role of intellectual property. Vaccine 2004; 22: 786-792.

Timmermans K. Harmonization, regulation, and trade: interactions in the pharmaceutical field. Int J Health Serv 2004; 34: 651-661.

Caines K, Bataringaya J, Lush L, Murindwa G, N'jie H. Impact of public-private partnerships addressing access to pharmaceuticals in low income countries: Uganda pilot study. Geneva: Initiative on Public-Private Partnerships for Health, 2003: 104 pp. [ITM Library: RS/18830]

Friedman MA, den Besten H, Attaran A. Out-licensing: a practical approach for improvement of access to medicines in poor countries. Lancet 2003; 361: 341-344. 105

Kumarasamy N, Solomon S, Chaguturu SK, Mahajan AP, Flanigan TP, Balakrishnan P, Mayer KH. The safety, tolerability and effectiveness of generic antiretroviral drug regimens for HIV-infected patients in south India. AIDS 2003; 17: 2267-2269.

Ford N, 't Hoen E. Generic medicine are not substandard medicines [letter]. Lancet 2002; 359: 1351 (+ reply: pp.1351-1352).

Savadogo LGB, Sondo B, Guissou IP, Kouanda S, Dujardin B. Utilisation des médicaments essentiels génériques par le personnel hospitalier: le cas du CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo (Burkina Faso). Cah Santé 2002; 12: 257-262.

Supakankunti S, Janjaroen WS, Tangphao O, Ratanawijitrasin S, Kraipornsak P, Pradithavanij P. Impact of the World Trade Organization TRIPS agreement on the pharmaceutical industry in Thailand. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 461-470.

• Orphan drugs

Berndt ER, Glennerster R, Kremer MR, Lee J, Levine R, Weizsäcker G, Williams H. Advance market commitments for vaccines against neglected diseases: estimating costs and effectiveness. Health Econ 2007; 16(5): 491-511.

Fehr A, Thürmann P, Razum O. Drug development for neglected diseases: a public health challenge [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(9): 1335-1338.

WHO. Public health, innovation and intellectual property rights; report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2006: 228 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/a88438_eng.pdf]

Kaufmann SHE, Lambert PH, editors. The grand challenge for the future; vaccines for poverty-related diseases; from bench to field. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag, 2005: 290 pp. (Schmidt A, Wolff MH Kaufmann SHE, editors. Birkhäuser Advances in Infectious Diseases (BAID)). [ITM Library: RS/19102]

Dentico N, Ford N. The courage to change the rules: a proposal for an essential health R&D treaty. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 96-99.

Light DW. Making practical markets for vaccines. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 934-938.

Moran M. A breakthrough in R & D for neglected diseases: new ways to get the drugs we need. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 828-832.

Maurer SM, Rai A, Sali A. Finding cures for tropical diseases: is open source an answer? PLoS Med 2004; 1: 183-186.

Rey JL. Maladies négligées et innovation indigente. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 23-25.

106 Caines K, Bataringaya J, Lush L, Murindwa G, N'jie H. Impact of public-private partnerships addressing access to pharmaceuticals in low income countries: Uganda pilot study. Geneva: Initiative on Public-Private Partnerships for Health, 2003: 104 pp. [ITM Library: RS/18830]

Mrazek MF, Mossialos E. Stimulating pharmaceutical research and development for neglected diseases. Health Pol 2003; 64(1): 75-88.

Obaro SK, Palmer A. Vaccines for children: policies, politics and poverty. Vaccine 2003; 21: 1423-1431.

Ambroise-Thomas P. Médicaments et tiers-monde: un défi pour tous. Méd Trop 2002; 62: 109-110.

Barton JH. Research-tool patents: issues for health in the developing world. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 121-125.

Henry D, Lexchin J. The pharmaceutical industry as a medicines provider. Lancet 2002; 360: 1590-1595.

Kegels G. Some issues in ensuring access to necessary pharmaceuticals. Med Mundi Int Newsl 2002; 68: 21-28.

Trouiller P, Olliaro P, Torreele E, Orbinski J, Laing R, Ford N. Drug development for neglected diseases: a deficient market and a public-health policy failure. Lancet 2002; 359: 2188-2194.

Yamey G. Public sector must develop drugs for neglected diseases. BMJ 2002; 324: 698.

Zumla A. Drugs for neglected diseases. Lancet Infect Dis 2002; 2: 393.

Bulard M. L'apartheid sanitaire, une stratégie des firmes pharmaceutiques. In: Pennewaert E, editor. Bilan de santé; l'Afrique face à ses défis sanitaires. Bruxelles: Colophon Editions, 2001: 93-102. (Essais [Consortium 6 novembre]). [ITM Library: SO.1/17235]

Gastellu Etchegorry M, Helenport JP, Pecoul B, Jannin J, Legros D. Availability and affordability of treatment for human African trypanosomiasis. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 957-959.

Kettler HE, Modi R. Building local research and development capacity for the prevention and cure of neglected diseases: the case of India. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 742-747.

Kremer M. Public policies to stimulate the development of vaccines and drugs for the neglected diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 111 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG2; 8).

Milne C, Kaitin K, Ronchi E. Orphan drug laws in Europe and the US; incentives for the research and development of medicines for the diseases of poverty. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 82 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG2; 9).

Pabst JY. Médicaments orphelins: quelques aspects juridiques, éthiques et économiques. Rev Epidémiol Santé Publique 2001; 49: 387-396.

Schieppati A, Remuzzi G, Garattini S. Modulating the profit motive to meet needs of the less-developed world. Lancet 2001; 358: 1638-1641.

107 Taylor D. Poor world health and rich world wealth; commercial companies alone can't solve the health problems of developing countries. BMJ 2001; 322: 629-630.

Webber D, Kremer M. Perspectives on stimulating industrial research and development for neglected infectious diseases. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 735-741.

• Pricing

Babar ZUD, Ibrahim MIM, Singh H, Bukahri NI, Creese A. Evaluating drug prices, availability, affordability, and price components: implications for access to drugs in Malaysia. PLoS Med 2007; 4(3): 466-475 [e82].

Nóbrega OT, Marques AR, Araújo ACG, Kamikowski MGO, Naves JOS, Silver LD. Retail prices of essential drugs in Brazil: an international comparison. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2007; 22(2): 118-123.

Schweitzer SO. Pricing pharmaceuticals in a world environment; 2nd ed. In: Pharmaceutical economics and policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007: 177-190. [ITM Library: RS/19806]

Seoane-Vazquez E, Rodriguez-Monguio R. Negotiating antiretroviral drug prices: the experience of the Andean countries. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(2): 63-72.

Steinbrook R. Closing the affordability gap for drugs in low-income countries. N Engl J Med 2007; 357(20): 1996-1999.

Batson A, Meheus F, Brooke S. Innovative financing mechanisms to accelerate the introduction of HPV vaccines in developing countries. Vaccine 2006; 24(Suppl.3): S3/219-S3/225.

WHO. Public health, innovation and intellectual property rights; report of the Commission on Intellectual Property Rights, Innovation and Public Health. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2006: 228 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/a88438_eng.pdf]

Guimier JM, Candau D, Garenne M, Teulières L. Pourquoi le prix des médicaments est élevé dans les pays d'Afrique subsaharienne; analyse de la structure des prix: l'exemple du Sénégal. Cah Santé 2005; 15: 41-52.

Plahte J. Tiered pricing of vaccines: a win-win-win situation, not a subsidy. Lancet Infect Dis 2005; 5: 58-63.

Rothberg AD, Blignault J, Serfontein CB, Valodia B, Eekhout S, Pels LM. Experience of a medicines reference-pricing model. S Afr Med J 2004; 94: 183-188.

Wagner JL, McCarthy E. International differences in drug prices. Annu Rev Public Health 2004; 25: 475-495. 108

Grace C. Equitable pricing of newer essential medicines for developing countries: evidence for the potential of different mechanisms. [Geneva]: [World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Essential Drugs and Other Medicines], 2003: 70 pp. [Available from: http://www.who.int/medicinedocs/]

Berwick D. "We all have AIDS": case for reducing the cost of HIV drugs to zero. BMJ 2002; 324: 214-216.

Velásquez G, Correa C, Weissman R. Cost-containment mechanisms for essential medicines, including antiretrovirals, in China; mission report, Beijing, 11 to 13 December 2002. [Geneva]: [World Health Organization (WHO)], 2002: 27 pp. [Available from: http://www.who.int/medicinedocs/]

Attaran A, Gillespie-White L. Do patents for antiretroviral drugs constrain access to AIDS treatment in Africa? JAMA 2001; 286: 1886-1892.

Barton JH. Differentiated pricing of patented products. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 23 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG4; 2).

Brazil fights for affordable drugs against HIV/AIDS. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2001; 9: 331-337.

Danzon P. Differential pricing for pharmaceuticals; reconciling access, R&D and patents. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 19 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG2; 10).

Differential pricing of essential drugs. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2001; 9: 275-279.

Hu S, Chen W, Cheng X, Chen K, Zhou H, Wang L. Pharmaceutical cost-containment policy: experiences in Shanghai, China. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16(Suppl.2): 4-9.

Lanjouw JO. A proposal to use patent law to lower drug prices in developing countries. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 36 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG2; 11).

Pérez-Casas C, Herranz E, Ford N. Pricing of drugs and donations: options for sustainable equity pricing. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 960-964.

Quality assurance – counterfeit drugs – sub-standard drugs

Amon JJ. Dangerous medicines: unproven AIDS cures and counterfeit antiretroviral drugs. Global- ization Health 2008; 4(5): 10 pp. [Available from: www.globalizationandhealth.com/content/4/1/5 ]

Bate R, Coticelli P, Tren R, Attaran A. Antimalarial drug quality in the most severely malarious parts of Africa; a six country study. PLoS One 2008; 3(5): e2132.

Newton PN, Fernández FM, Plançon A, Mildenhall DC, Green MD, Ziyong L, Christophel EM, Phanouvong S, Howells S, McIntosh E, Laurin P, Blum N, Hampton CY, Faure K, Nyadong L, Soong CWR, Santoso B, Zhiguang W, Newton J, Palmer K. A collaborative epidemiological investigation into the criminal fake artesunate trade in South East Asia. PLoS Med 2008; 5(2): 209-219 [e32].

109 Pouillot R, Bilong C, Boisier P, Ciss M, Moumouni A, Amani I, Nabeth P. Le circuit informel des médicaments à Yaoundé et à Niamey: étude de la population des vendeurs et de la qualité des médicaments distribués. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2008; 101(2): 113-118.

Atemnkeng MA, De Cock K, Plaizier-Vercammen J. Quality control of active ingredients in artemisinin-derivative antimalarials within Kenya and DR Congo. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(1): 68-74.

Gaudiano MC, Di Maggio A, Cocchieri E, Antoniella E, Bertocchi P, Alimonti S, Valvo L. Medicines informal market in Congo, Burundi, Angola: counterfeit and sub-standard antimalarials. Malar J 2007; 6(22): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/6/1/22 ]

Jack A. Bitter pills. BMJ 2007; 335(7630): 1120-1121.

Kelesidis T, Kelesidis I, Rafailidis PI, Falagas ME. Counterfeit or substandard drugs: a review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2007; 60(2): 214-236.

Hall KA, Newton PN, Green MD, De Veij M, Vandenabeele P, Pizzanelli D, Mayxay M, Dondorp A, Fernandez FM. Characterization of counterfeit artesunate antimalarial tablets from Southeast Asia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2006; 75(5): 804-811.

Larkin M. Dora Akunyili: battling against counterfeit drugs. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6(9): 554-555.

Legris C. La contrefaçon des médicaments; étude sur le marché illicite de Côte d'Ivoire. ReMeD 2006; 31: 7-10.

Lon CT, Tsuyuoka R, Phanouvong S, Nivanna N, Socheat D, Sokhan C, Blum N, Christophel EM, Smine A. Counterfeit and substandard antimalarial drugs in Cambodia. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2006; 100(11): 1019-1024.

Newton PN, Green MD, Fernández FM, Day NPJ, White NJ. Counterfeit anti-infective drugs. Lancet Infect Dis 2006; 6(9): 602-613.

Newton PN, McGready R, Fernandez F, Green MD, Sunjio M, Bruneton C, Phanouvong S, Millet P, Whitty CJM, Talisuna AO, Proux S, Christophel EM, Malenga G, Singhasivanon P, Bojang K, Kaur H, Palmer K, Day NPJ, Greenwood BM, Nosten F, White NJ. Manslaughter by fake artesunate in Asia; will Africa be next? PLoS Med 2006; 3(6): 752-755 [e197].

Les problématiques du médicament dans les pays en développement. Méd Trop 2006; 66(6): 526-638.

Vijaykadga S, Cholpol S, Sitthimongkol S, Pawaphutanan A, Pinyoratanachot A, Rojanawatsirivet C, Kovithvattanapong R, Thimasarn K. Strengthening of national capacity in implementation of antimalarial drug quality assurance in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2006; 37(Suppl.3): 5-10.

Cockburn R, Newton PN, Agyarko EK, Akunyili D, White NJ. The global threat of counterfeit drugs: why industry and governments must communicate the dangers. PLoS Med 2005; 2: 302-308.

Aldhous P. Murder by medicine. Nature 2005; 434: 132-136. 110

Rookkapan K, Chongsuvivatwong V, Kasiwong S, Pariyawatee S, Kasetcharoen Y, Pungrassami P. Deteriorated tuberculosis drugs and management system problems in lower southern Thailand. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005; 9: 654-660.

Atueyi I, editor. Fake drugs in Nigeria: topical issues and facts you need to know. Ikeja: Pharmanews, 2004: 232 pp. [ITM Library: RS/19026]

Basco LK. Quality of antimalarial drugs used for self-medication. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 70: 245-250.

Dondorp AM, Newton PN, Mayxay M, Van Damme W, Smithuis FM, Yeung S, Petit A, Lynam AJ, Johnson A, Hien TT, McGready R, Farrar JJ, Looareesuwan S, Day NPJ, Green MD, White NJ. Fake antimalarials in Southeast Asia are a major impediment to malaria control: multinational cross-sectional survey on the prevalence of fake antimalarials. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 1241-1246.

Goodman C, Kachur SP, Abdulla S, Mwageni E, Nyoni J, Schellenberg JA, Mills A, Bloland P. Retail supply of malaria-related drugs in rural Tanzania: risks and opportunities. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 655-663.

Penzak SR, Acosta EP, Turner M, Tavel JA, Masur H. Antiretroviral drug content in products from developing countries. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 1317-1319.

Price EJ, Kahindo MO. Ampleur du marché irrégulier de médicaments en République Démocratique du Congo: cas de la ville de Kikwit. Congo Méd 2004; 3: 1275-1282.

Boonstra E, Lindbaek M, Ngome E, Tshukudu K, Fugelli P. Labelling and patient knowledge of dispensed drugs as quality indicators in primary care in Botswana. Qual Safety Health Care 2003; 12: 168-175.

Newton PJ, White NJ, Rozendaal JA, Green MD. Murder by fake drugs. BMJ 2002; 324: 800-801.

Prazuck T, Falconi I, Morineau G, Bricard-Pacaud V, Lecomte A, Ballereau F. Quality control of antibiotics before the implementation of an STD program in northern Myanmar. Sex Transm Dis 2002; 29: 624-627.

Raufu A. Influx of fake drugs to Nigeria worries health experts. BMJ 2002; 324: 698.

Risha PG, Shewiyo D, Msami A, Masuki G, Vergote G, Vervaet C, Remon JP. In vitro evaluation of the quality of essential drugs on the Tanzanian market. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 701-707.

Bale HE. Consumption and trade in off-patented medicines. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 25 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG4; 3).

Li Wan Po A. Too much, too little, or none at all: dealing with substandard and fake drugs. Lancet 2001; 357: 1904.

Newton P, Prouw S, Green S, Smithuis F, Rozendaal J, Prakongpan S, Chotivanich K, Mayxay M, Looareesuwan S, Farrar J, Nosten F, White NJ. Fake artesunate in Southeast Asia. Lancet 2001; 357: 1948-1950.

111 Stenson B, Syhakhang L, Erikson B, Tomson G. Real world pharmacy: assessing the quality of private pharmacy practice in the Lao People's Democratic Republic. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 393-404.

Taylor RB, Shakoor O, Behrens RH, Everard M, Low AS, Wangboonskul J, Reid RG, Kolawole JA. Pharmacopoeial quality of drugs supplied by Nigerian pharmacies. Lancet 2001; 357: 1933-1936.

Sow PS, N'Gueye TS, Sy E, Touré L, Ba C, Badiane M. Les médicaments du marché parallèle pour le traitement de l'urétrite à Dakar: enquête épidémiologique et contrôle physicochimique. Dév Santé 2000; 147: 24-28.

Self-medication

Källander K, Hildenwall H, Waiswa P, Galiwango E, Peterson S, Pariyo G. Delayed care seeking for fatal pneumonia in children aged under five years in Uganda: a case-series study. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(5): 332-338.

Pfeiffer K, Some F, Müller O, Sie A, Kouyaté B, Haefeli WE, Zoungrana A, Gustafsson LL, Tomson G, Sauerborn R. Clinical diagnosis of malaria and the risk of chloroquine self-medication in rural health centres in Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13(3): 418-426.

Hoa NQ, Öhman A, Stalsby Lundborg C, Chuc NTK. Drug use and health-seeking behavior for childhood illness in Vietnam; a qualitative study. Health Pol 2007; 82(3): 320-329.

Khun S, Manderson L. Health seeking and access to care for children with suspected dengue in Cambodia: an ethnographic study. BMC Public Health 2007; 7(262): 10 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/7/262 ]

Maldonado JC, Meléndez SD, Figueras A. Long-term effects of an educational intervention on self-medication and appropriate drug use in single-sex secondary public schools, Quito, Ecuador. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2007; 63(1): 92-99.

Commeyras C, Ndo JR, Merabet O, Kone H, Rakotondrabe FP. Comportement de recours aux soins et aux médicaments au Caméroun. Cah Santé 2006; 16(1): 5-19.

Pagán JA, Ross S, Yau J, Polsky D. Self-medication and health insurance coverage in Mexico. Health Pol 2006; 75(2): 170-177.

Pale A, Ladner J. Le médicament de la rue au Burkina Faso: du nom local aux relations sociales et aux effets thérapeutiques racontés. Cah Santé 2006; 16(2): 113-117.

Sreeramareddy CT, Shankar RP, Sreekumaran BV, Subba SH, Joshi HS, Ramachandran U. Care seeking behaviour for childhood illness; a questionnaire survey in western Nepal. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2006; 6(7): 10 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/6/7]

Awad A, Eltayeb I, Matowe L, Thalib L. Self-medication with antibiotics and antimalarials in the community of Khartoum State, Sudan. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2005; 8(2): 326-331.

Kagaayi J, Dreyfuss ML, Kigozi G, Chen MZ, Wabwire-Mangen F, Serwadda D, Wawer MJ, Sewankambo NK, Nalugoda F, Kiwanuka N, Kiddugavu M, Gray RH. Maternal self-medication and provision of nevirapine to newborns by women in Rakai, Uganda. J Acquir Immun Defic Syndr 2005; 39(1): 121-124.

112 Sherris J, Bingham A, Burns MA, Girvin S, Westley E, Gomez PI. Misoprostol use in developing countries: results from a multicountry study. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 88: 76-81.

Basco LK. Quality of antimalarial drugs used for self-medication. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2004; 70: 245-250. de Loyola Filho AI, Lima-Costa MF, Uchoa E. Bambuí project: a qualitative approach to self-medication. Cad Saúde Pública 2004; 20(6): 1661-1669.

Jacobs B, Kambugu FSK, Whitworth JAG, Ochwo M, Pool R, Lwanga A, Tifft S, Lule J, Cutler JR. Social marketing of pre-packaged treatment for men with urethral discharge (Clear Seven) in Uganda. Int J STD AIDS 2003; 14: 216-221.

Kilian AHD, Tindyebwa D, Gülck T, Byamukama W, Rubaale T, Kabagambe G, Korte R. Attitude of women in western Uganda towards pre-packed, unit-dosed malaria treatment for children. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 431-438.

Sirima SB, Konaté A, Tiono AB, Convelho N, Cousens S, Pagnoni F. Early treatment of childhood fevers with pre-packaged antimalarial drugs in the home reduces severe malaria morbidity in Burkina Faso. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 133-139.

Cocks M, Moller V. Use of indigenous and indigenised medicines to enhance personal well-being: a South African case study. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 387-397. de Loyola Filho AI, Uchoa E, Guerra HL, Firmo JOA, Lima-Costa MF. Prevalência e fatores associados à automedicação: resultados do projeto Bambuí. Rev Saúde Pública 2002; 36(1): 55-62.

Okumura J, Wakai S, Umenai T. Drug utilisation and self-medication in rural communities i Vietnam. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1875-1886.

Cocks M, Dold A. The role of 'African Chemists' in the health care system of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2000; 51: 1505-1515.

Role of drug dispensers

Kwena Z, Sharma A, Wamae N, Muga C, Bukusi E. Provider characteristics among staff providing care to sexually transmitted infection self-medicating patients in retail pharmacies in Kibera slum, Nairobi, Kenya. Sex Transm Dis 2008; 35(5): 480-483.

Goodman C, Brieger W, Unwin A, Mills A, Meek S, Greer G. Medicine sellers and malaria treatment in sub-Saharan Africa: what do they do and how can their practice be improved? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77(Suppl.6): 203-218.

113 Nsimba SED. Assessing the performance, practices and roles of drug sellers/dispensers and mothers'/guardians' behaviour for common childhood conditions in Kibaha district, Tanzania. Trop Doct 2007; 37(4): 197-201.

Abula T, Worku A, Thomas K. Assessment of the dispensing practices of drug retail outlets in selected towns, north west Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2006; 44(2): 145-150.

Commeyras C, Ndo JR, Merabet O, Kone H, Rakotondrabe FP. Caractéristiques de la consommation de soins et de médicaments au Cameroun. Cah Santé 2006; 16(1): 13-19.

Pale A, Ladner J. Le médicament de la rue au Burkina Faso: du nom local aux relations sociales et aux effets thérapeutiques racontés. Cah Santé 2006; 16(2): 113-117.

Brieger WR, Osamor PE, Salami KK, Oladepo O, Otusanya SA. Interactions between patent medicine vendors and customers in urban and rural Nigeria. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 177-182.

Helali A, Bruneton C. Une méthode pour mieux conseiller à l'officine et dispenser les médicaments. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 341-343.

Marsh VM, Mutemi WM, Willets A, Bayah K, Were S, Ross A, Marsh K. Improving malaria home treatment by training drug retailers in rural Kenya. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 451-460.

Syhakhang L, Freudenthal S, Tomson G, Wahlström R. Knowledge and perceptions of drug quality among drug sellers and consumers in Lao PDR. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 391-401.

Drug donations

Alleman MM, Twum-Danso NAY, Thylefors BI. The Mectizan(R) Donation Program: hightlights from 2005. Filaria J 2006; 5(11): 20 pp. [Available from: http://www.filariajournal.com/content/5/1/11]

De Groote A. Les médicaments non utilisés et les pays en développement: la réalité du terrain. Cah Santé 2005; 15: 125-127.

Munderi P, editor. Prescription for healthy development: increasing access to medicines. London: Earthscan, 2005: 169 pp. [ITM Library: RS/19166]

Snell B. Inappropriate drug donations: the need for reforms. Lancet 2001; 358: 578-580.

Shretta R, Walt G, Brugha R, Snow RW. A political analysis of corporate drug donations: the example of Malarone in Kenya. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 161-170.

Pérez-Casas C, Herranz E, Ford N. Pricing of drugs and donations: options for sustainable equity pricing. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 960-964.

Maritoux J. Repensons les dons de médicaments. Dév Santé 2000; 147: 3.

Van Elslande J, Bismuth O. L'envoi de médicaments non utilisés (MNU) vers les pays du sud. Dév Santé 2000; 147: 29-32.

114 REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

General

Dickens BM, Cook RJ. Reproductive health and public health ethics. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 99(1): 75-79.

Fajans P, Simmons R, Ghiron L. Helping public sector health systems innovate: the strategic approach to strengthening reproductive health policies and programs. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(3): 435-440.

Menken J, Rahman MO. Reproductive health. In: Merson MH, Black RE, J MA, editors. International public health: diseases, programs, systems, and policies; 2nd ed. Sudbury: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2006: 71-125. [ITM Library: SO/19983]

Reproductive health and the UN millennium development goals. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 127-157.

Strategy to accelerate progress towards the attainment of international development goals and targets related to reproductive health. Reprod Health Matters 2005; 13(25): 11-18.

Crossette B. Reproductive health and the Millennium Development Goals: the missing link. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 71-79.

Ensor T, Ronoh J. Impact of organizational change on the delivery of reproductive services: a review of the literature. Int J Health Plann Manag 2005; 20: 209-225.

Germain A, Kidwell J. The unfinished agenda for reproductive health: priorities for the next 10 years. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2005; 31: 90-93.

Gülmezoglu AM, Villar J, editors. The WHO reproductive health library. No. 8 [CDROM]. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2005. [ITM Library: UV/19096 BIB]

Mayhew SH, Walt G, Lush L, Cleland J. Donor agencies' involvement in reproductive health: saying one thing and doing another? Int J Health Serv 2005; 35: 579-601.

Berer M. HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health: intersections and implications for national programmes. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19(Suppl.1): i62-i70.

Crane BB, Dusenberry J. Power and politics in international funding for reproductive health: the US global Gag Rule. Reprod Health Matters 2004; 12(24): 128-137.

El Feki S. The birth of reproductive health: a difficult delivery. PLoS Med 2004; 1(1): 10-13.

[Reproductive health]. Memisa Med 2004; 70(1): 3-48.

Stephenson R, Tsui AO, Sulzbach S, Bardsley P, Bekele G, Giday T, Ahmed R, Gopalkrishnan G, Feyesitan B. Franchising reproductive health services. Health Serv Res 2004; 39: 2053-2080.

Askew I, Berer M. The contribution of sexual and reproductive health services to the fight against HIV/AIDS: a review. Reprod Health Matt 2003; 11(22): 51-73.

Elias C, Sherris J. Reproductive and sexual health of older women in developing countries. BMJ 2003; 327: 64-65. 115

Haslegrave M, Olatunbosun O. Incorporating sexual and reproductive health care in the medical curriculum in developing countries. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 49-58.

Bradley JE, Mayfield MV, Mehta MP, Rukonge A. Participatory evaluation of reproductive health care quality in developing countries. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 269-282.

Lubben M, Mayhew SH, Collins C, Green A. Reproductive health and health sector reform in developing countries: establishing a framework for dialogue. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 667-674.

Mayhew SH. Donor dealings: the impact of international donor aid on sexual and reproductive health services. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 220-224.

Sadana R. Definition and measurement of reproductive health. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 407-409.

Aoyama A. Reproductive health in the Middle East and North Africa; well-being for all. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2001: 146 pp. (Health, Nutrition, and Population Series). [ITM Library: UWE/17436]

Lush L, Campbell O. International co-operation for reproductive health: too much ideology? In: McKee M, Garner P, Stott R, editors. International co-operation in health. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 175-196. [ITM Library: SOA/17329]

Mekbib TA. Reproductive health: conceptual and operationalization challenges. Ethiop Med J 2001; 39: 61-73.

Forman S, Ghosh R, editors. Promoting reproductive health; investing in health and development. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000: 315 pp. (Studies in Multilateralism). [ITM Library: UTT/16566]

Krasovec K, Shaw RP. Reproductive health and health sector reform; linking outcomes to action. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2000: 71 pp. [ITM Library: SO/17580]

Langer A, Nigenda G, Catino J. Health sector reform and reproductive health in Latin America and the Caribbean: strengthening the links. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 667-676.

Sadana R. Measuring reproductive health: review of community-based approaches to assessing morbidity. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 640-654.

Sheth SS. World report on women's health 2000. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2000; 70: 206 pp.

Reproductive health [care] in specific countries

Brambila C, Ottolenghi E, Marin C, Bertrand JT. Getting results used: evidence from reproductive health programmatic research in Guatemala. Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(4): 234-245.

Mehryar AH, Ahmad-Nia S, Kazemipour S. Reproductive health in Iran: pragmatic achievements, unmet needs, and ethical challenges in a theocratic system. Stud Fam Plann 2007; 38(4): 352-361.

116 Tian L, Li J, Zhang K, Guest P. Women's status, institutional barriers and reproductive health care: a case study in Yunnan, China. Health Pol 2007; 84(2-3): 284-297.

Cahuana-Hurtado L, Avila-Burgos L, Pérez-Núñez R, Uribe-Zúñiga P. Análisis del gasto en salud reproductiva en México, 2003. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2006; 20(5): 287-298.

Gyimah SO, Takyi BK, Addai I. Challenges to the reproductive-health needs of African women: on religion and maternal health utilization in Ghana. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(12): 2930-2944.

Knudsen LM. Jordan. In: Reproductive rights in a global context; South Africa, Uganda, Peru, Denmark, United States, Vietnam, Jordan. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006: 168-195. [ITM Library: UTT/19805]

Knudsen LM. Peru. In: Reproductive rights in a global context; South Africa, Uganda, Peru, Denmark, United States, Vietnam, Jordan. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006: 67-91. [ITM Library: UTT/19805]

Knudsen LM. Uganda. In: Reproductive rights in a global context; South Africa, Uganda, Peru, Denmark, United States, Vietnam, Jordan. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006: 40-66. [ITM Library: UTT/19805]

Knudsen LM. South Africa. In: Reproductive rights in a global context; South Africa, Uganda, Peru, Denmark, United States, Vietnam, Jordan. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006: 11-39. [ITM Library: UTT/19805]

Knudsen LM. Vietnam. In: Reproductive rights in a global context; South Africa, Uganda, Peru, Denmark, United States, Vietnam, Jordan. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2006: 139-167. [ITM Library: UTT/19805]

Phillips JF, Bawah AA, Binka FN. Accelerating reproductive and child health programme impact with community-based services: the Navrongo experiment in Ghana. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(12): 949-955.

Bailey P, de Bocaletti E, Barrios G, de Cross Y. Monitoring utilization and need for obstetric care in the highlands of Guatemala. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89: 209-217.

Chandiramani R. Mapping the contours; reproductive health and rights and sexual health and rights in India. In: Chavkin W, Chesler E, editors. Where human rights begin; health, sexuality, and women in the new millennium. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005: 127-153. [ITM Library: UV/19804]

Correa S, McIntyre P, Rodrigues C, Paiva A, Marks C. The population and reproductive health programme in Brazil 1990-2002: lessons learned. Reprod Health Matters 2005; 13(25): 72-80.

Morrison J, Tamang S, Mesko N, Osrin D, Shrestha B, Manandhar M, Manandhar D, Standing H, Costello A. Women's health groups to improve perinatal care in rural Nepal. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2005; 5(6): 12 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/5/6]

Paxman JM, Sayeed A, Buxbaum A, Craig Huber S, Stover C. The India Local Initiatives Program: a model for expanding reproductive and child health services. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 203-220.

Richey LA. Uganda; HIV/AIDS and reproductive health. In: Chavkin W, Chesler E, editors. Where human rights begin; health, sexuality, and women in the new millennium. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005: 95-126. [ITM Library: UV/19804] 117

Sathar Z, Jain A, Ramarao S, ul Haque M, Kim J. Introducing client-centered reproductive health services in a Pakistani setting. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 221-234.

Tita ATN, Selwyn BJ, Waller DK, Kapadia AS, Dongmo S. Evidence-based reproductive health care in Cameroon: population-based study of awareness, use and barriers. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 895-903.

Winckler EA. Maximizing the impact of Cairo on China. In: Chavkin W, Chesler E, editors. Where human rights begin; health, sexuality, and women in the new millennium. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005: 204-234. [ITM Library: UV/19804]

Erulkar AS, Ettyang LIA, Onoka C, Nyagah FK, Muyonga A. Behavior change evaluation of a culturally consistent reproductive health program for young Kenyans. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2004; 30: 58-67.

Gómez-Jauregui J. The feasibility of government partnerships with NGOs in the reproductive health field in Mexico. Reprod Health Matters 2004; 12(24): 42-55.

Khan NJ, Hall SE. The determinants of reproductive health service provision by general practitioners in Pakistan. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 209-217.

Matthews SA, Gubhaju B. Contextual influences on the use of antenatal care in Nepal. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2004: 58 pp. (DHS Geographic Studies; 2).

Mayhew SH, Adjei S. Sexual and reproductive health: challenges for priority-setting in Ghana's health reforms. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19(Suppl.1): i50-i61.

Samar S. Despite the odds; providing reproductive health care to Afghan women. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1047-1049.

Teerawattananon Y, Tangcharoensathien V. Designing a reproductive health services package in the universal health insurance scheme in Thailand: match and mismatch of need, demand and supply. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19(Suppl.1): i31-i39.

Barua A, Waghmare R, Venkiteswaran S. Implementing reproductive and child health services in rural Maharashtra, India: a pragmatic approach. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 140-149.

Campbell BB, Reerink IH, Jenniskens F, Pathak LR. A framework for developing reproductive health policies and programmes in Nepal. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 171-182.

Lakshminarayanan R. Decentralisation and its implications for reproductive health: the Philippines experience. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 96-107.

Mayhew SH. The impact of decentralisation on sexual and reproductive health services in Ghana. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 74-87.

Nigenda G, Langer A, Kuchaisit C, Romero M, Rojas G, Al-Osimy M, Villar J, Garcia J, Al-Mazrou Y, Ba'aqeel H, Carroli G, Farnot U, Lumbiganon P, Belizán J, Bergsjö P, Bakketeig L, Lindmark G. Womens' opinions on antenatal care in developing countries: results of a study in Cuba, Thailand, Saudi Arabia and Argentina. BMC Public Health 2003; 3(17): 12 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/3/17]

118 Sirivong A, Silphong B, Simphaly N, Phayasane T, Bonouvong V, Schelp FP. Advantages of trained TBA and the perception of females and their experiences with reproductive health in two districts of the Luangprabang Province, Lao PDR. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2003; 34: 919-928.

Wang CC, Wang Y, Zhang K, Fang J, Liu W, Luo S, Tang S, Wang S, Li VC. Reproductive health indicators for China's rural areas. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 217-225.

Arens T, Caudill D, Gautam S, Haberland N, Nakarmi G. "If many push together, it can be done": reproductive health and women's savings and credit in Nepal. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 395-414. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Bratt JH, Weaver MA, Foreit J, De Vargas T, Janowitz B. The impact of price changes on demand for family planning and reproductive health services in Ecuador. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 281-287.

Dhungana P, Prasai K, Gynawali T, Pant B, Butcher K. 'I never used to ask the mothers...'; improving SRH provision in Nepal through participatory planning and action. In: Cornwall A, Welbourn A, editors. Realizing rights; transforming approaches to sexual & reproductive well-being. London: Zed Books, 2002: 248-258. [ITM Library: UV/17857]

Fonn S, Khin San Tint. Transforming reproductive health services in South Africa: women's health advocates and government in partnership. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 74-96. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Howard-Grabman L, Willis CP, Queierolo C, Sejas Pérez C. A 'dialogue of knowledge' approach to better reproductive, sexual and child health in rural Andean communities. In: Cornwall A, Welbourn A, editors. Realizing rights; transforming approaches to sexual & reproductive well-being. London: Zed Books, 2002: 259-272. [ITM Library: UV/17857]

Kaufman J, Jing F. Privatisation of health services and the reproductive health of rural Chinese women. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(20): 108-116.

Kipp W, Sodnompil T, Tuya M, Erdenchimeg E, Nymadawa P. Reproductive health in Mongolia: results from three provinces and one urban district. Trop Doct 2002; 32: 159-162.

Langer A, Villar J, Romero M, Nigenda G, Piaggio G, Kuchaisit C, Rojas G, Al-Osimi M, Belizán JM, Farnot U, Al-Mazrou Y, Carroli G, Ba'aqeel H, Lumbiganon P, Pinol A, Bergsjö P, Bakketeig L, Garcia J, Berendes H. Are women and providers satisfied with antenatal care? Views on a standard and a simplified, evidence-based model of care in four developing countries. BMC Women Health 2002; 2(7): 10 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6874/2/7]

Ranson MK, John KR. Quality of hysterectomy care in rural Gujarat: the role of community-based health insurance. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(20): 70-81.

Reichenbach L. The politics of priority setting for reproductive health: breast and cervical cancer in Ghana. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(20): 47-58.

Santillan D, Schuler S, Hoang Tu Anh, Tran Hung Minh, Bui Thi Thanh Mai. Limited equality: contradictory ideas about gender and the implications for reproductive health in rural Vietnam. J Health Manag 2002; 4(2): 251-267.

119 Schuler SR, Bates LM, Islam K. Paying for reproductive health services in Bangladesh: intersections between cost, quality and culture. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 273-280.

Sharma S, McGreevey W, Kanjilal B, Hotchkiss DR. Reproductive and child health accounts: an application to Rajasthan. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 314-321.

Shepard B. "Let's be citizens, not patients !": women's groups in Peru assert their right to high-quality reproductive health care. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 339-354. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Stephenson R, Ong Tsui A. Contextual influences on reproductive health service use in Uttar Pradesh, India. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 309-320.

Tangcharoensathien V, Tantivess S, Teerawattananon Y, Auamkul N, Jongudounsuk P. Universal coverage and its impact on reproductive health services in Thailand. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(20): 59-69.

Bhatia J, Cleland J. The contribution of reproductive ill-health to the overall burden of perceived ilness among women in southern India. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 1065-1069.

Huff-Rousselle M, H P. Crossing the public-private sector divide with reproductive health in Cambodia: out-patient services in a local NGO and the national MCH clinic. Int J Health Plann Manag 2001; 16: 33-46.

Munjanja SP. Ethics in reproductive health: clinical issues in Zimbabwe. Cent Afr J Med 2001; 47: 159-163.

Sagar A. The reproductive health package; a chimera for women's health. In: Qadeer I, Sen K, Nayar KR, editors. Public health and the poverty of reforms; the South Asian predicament. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2001: 504-523. [ITM Library: SO.2/17134]

Sundari Ravindran TK, Mishra US. Unmet need for reproductive health in India. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(18): 105-113.

Home births versus health facility births

Thind A, Mohani A, Banerjee K, Hagigi F. Where to deliver? Analysis of choice of delivery location from a national survey in India. BMC Public Health 2008; 8(29): 8 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/29 ]

Koenig MA, Jamil K, Streatfield PK, Saha T, Al-Sabir A, El Arifeen S, Hill K, Haque Y. Maternal health and care-seeking behavior in Bangladesh: findings from a national survey. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2007; 33(2): 75-82.

Lansky S, Subramanian SV, França E, Kawachi I. Higher perinatal mortality in National Public Health System hospitals in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 1999: a compositional or contextual effect. BJOG 2007; 114(10): 1240-1245.

Mrisho M, Schellenberg JA, Mushi AK, Obrist B, Mshinda H, Tanner M, Schellenberg D. Factors affecting home delivery in rural Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(7): 862-872.

120 Sufang G, Padmadas SS, Fengmin Z, Brown JJ, Stones RW. Delivery settings and caesarean section rates in China. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 755-762.

Tann CJ, Kizza M, Morison L, Mabey D, Muwanga M, Grosskurth H, Elliott AM. Use of antenatal services and delivery care in Entebbe, Uganda: a community survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7(23): 11 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/7/23 ]

Yam EA, Grossman AA, Goldman LA, Garciá SG. Introducing birth plans in Mexico: an exploratory study in a hospital serving low-income Mexicans. Birth 2007; 34(1): 42-48 [+ 49-52].

Berry NS. Kaqchikel midwives, home births, and emergency obstetric referrals in Guatemala: contextualizing the choice to stay at home. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(8): 1958-1969.

Blum LS, Sharmin T, Ronsmans C. Attending home vs. clinic-based deliveries: perspectives of skilled birth attendants in Matlab, Bangladesh. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 51-60.

Borghi J, Sabina N, Blum LS, Hoque DME, Ronsmans C. Household costs of healthcare during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period; a case study from Matlab, Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2006; 24(4): 446-455.

McQuestion MJ, Velasquez A. Evaluating program effects on institutional delivery in Peru. Health Pol 2006; 77(2): 221-232.

Mulogo EM, Witte K, Bajunirwe F, Nabukera SK, Muchunguzi C, Batwala VK, Bagenda F, Farr C, Barry S. Birth plans and health facility based delivery in rural Uganda. East Afr Med J 2006; 83(3): 74-83.

Onah HE, Ikeako LC, Iloabachie GC. Factors associated with the use of maternity services in Enugu, southeastern Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(7): 1870-1878.

Senarath U, Fernando DN, Rodrigo I. Factors determining client satisfaction with hospital-based perinatal care in Sri Lanka. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(9): 1442-1451.

Sreeramareddy CT, Joshi HS, Sreekumaran BV, Giri S, Chuni N. Home delivery and newborn care practices among urban women in western Nepal: a questionnaire survey. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2006; 6(27): 10 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/6/27]

Stephenson R, Bashieri A, Clements S, Hennink M, Madise NJ. Contextual influences on the use of health facilities for childbirth in Africa. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(1): 84-93.

Bashour H, Abdulsalam A. Syrian women's preferences for birth attendant and birth place. Birth 2005; 32(1): 20-26.

Brentlinger PE, Sánchez-Pérez HJ, Arana Cedeño M, Vargas Morales G, Hernán MA, Micek MA, Ford D. Pregnancy outcomes, site of delivery, and community schisms in regions affected by the armed conflict in Chiapas, Mexico. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 1001-1014.

Prata N, Mbaruku G, Campbell M, Potts M, Vahidnia F. Controlling postpartum hemorrhage after home births in Tanzania. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 90: 51-55.

Afsana K. The tremendous cost of seeking hospital obstetric care in Bangladesh. Reprod Health Matters 2004; 12(24): 171-180.

121 Anson O. Utilization of maternal care in rural HeBei Province, the People's Republic of China: individual and structural characteristics. Health Pol 2004; 70(2): 197-206.

Duong DV, Binns CW, Lee AH. Utilization of delivery services at the primary health care level in rural Vietnam. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 2585-2595.

Beun MH, Wood SK. Acceptability and use of clean home delivery kits in Nepal: a qualitative study. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 367-373.

Falkingham J. Inequality and changes in women's use of maternal health-care services in Tajikistan. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 32-43.

Odiit A, Amuge B. Comparison of vaccination status of children born in health units and those born at home. East Afr Med J 2003; 80: 3-6.

Obstetric fistula

Ahmed S, Genadry R, Stanton C. Prevention and treatment of obstetric fistula: identifying research needs and public health priorities. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 99(Suppl.1): 154 pp.

Browning A, Fentahun W, Goh JTW. The impact of surgical treatment on the mental health of women with obstetric fistula. BJOG 2007; 114(11): 1439-1441.

Holme A, Breen M, MacArthur C. Obstetric fistulae: a study of women managed at the Monze Mission Hospital, Zambia. BJOG 2007; 114(8): 1010-1017.

Muleta M, Fantahun M, Tafesse B, Hamlin EC, Kennedy RC. Obstetric fistula in rural Ethiopia. East Afr Med J 2007; 84(11): 525-533.

Rosenfield A, Min CJ, Freedman LP. Making motherhood safe in developing countries. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(14): 1395-1397.

Turan JM, Johnson K, Polan ML. Experiences of women seeking medical care for obstetric fistula in Eritrea; implications for prevention, treatment, and social reintegration. Global Public Health 2007; 2(1): 64-77.

Bangser M. Obstetric fistula and stigma. Lancet 2006; 367(9509): 535-536.

Donnay F, Ramsey K. Eliminating obstetric fistula: progress in partnerships. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(3): 254-261.

Jokhio AH, Kelly J. Obstetric fistula in rural Pakistan. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 95(3): 288-289.

Kambou T, Zango B, Ouattara T, Dao B, Sano D. Point sur la prise en charge des fistules uro-génitales au CHU Souro Sanon de Bobo-Dioulasso; étude de 57 cas opérés en deux ans. Méd Afrique Noire 2006; 53(12): 665-673.

Muleta M. Obstetric fistula in developing countries: a review article. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2006; 28(11): 962-966.

Nour NM. Health consequences of child marriage in Africa. Emerging Infect Dis 2006; 12(11): 1644-1649.

122 Roenneburg ML, Genadry R, Wheeless CR. Repair of obstetric vesicovaginal fistulas in Africa. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195(6): 1748-1752.

Wall LL. Obstetric vesicovaginal fistula as an international public-health problem. Lancet 2006; 368(9542): 1201-1209 [+ 1147].

Okonofua F. Reducing the scourge of obstetric fistulae in sub-Saharan Africa: a call for a global repair initiative. Afr J Reprod Health 2005; 9(2): 7-13.

Female genital mutilation

Elnashar A, Abdelhady R. The impact of female genital cutting on health of newly married women. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 97(3): 238-244.

Babalola S, Brasington A, Agbasimalo A, Helland A, Nwanguma E, Onah N. Impact of a communication programme on female genital cutting in eastern Nigeria. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(10): 1594-1603.

Female genital cutting. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(2): 176-177.

Gage AJ, Van Rossem R. Attitudes toward the discontinuation of female genital cutting among men and women in Guinea. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 92: 92-96.

Satti A, Elmusharaf S, Bedri H, Idris T, Hashim MSK, Suliman GI, Almroth L. Prevalence and determinants of the practice of genital mutilation in Khartoum, Sudan. Ann Trop Paediatr 2006; 26(4): 303-310.

WHO study group. Female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome: WHO collaborative prospective study in six African countries. Lancet 2006; 367(9525): 1835-1841 [+ 1799-1800].

Ahmed B, Abushama M. Female genital mutilation and childbirth. Saudi Med J 2005; 26: 376-378.

Almroth L, Elmusharaf S, El Hadi N, Obeid A, El Sheikh MAA, Elfadil SM, Bergström S. Primary infertility after genital mutilation in girlhood in Sudan: a case-control study. Lancet 2005; 366: 385-391 [+ 347-349].

Skaine R. Female genital mutilation; legal, cultural and medical issues. Jefferson: McFarland, 2005: 321 pp. [ITM Library: UVVC/19328]

Gondo D, N'Guessan K, Boni S, Bohoussou K, Kone N. Les complications obstétricales des mutilations génitales féminines. Méd Afrique Noire 2004; 51: 147-150.

Mandara MU. Female genital mutilation in Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 84: 291-298.

Obi SN. Female genital mutilation in south-east Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 84: 183-184.

Yoder PS, Abderrahim N, Zhuzhuni A. Female genital cutting in the Demographic and Health Surveys: a critical and comparative analysis. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2004: 65 pp. (DHS Comparative Reports; 7).

Cook RJ, Dickens BM, Fathalla MF. Female genital cutting (circumcision/mutilation). In: Reproductive health and human rights; integrating medicine, ethics, and law. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003: 262-275. (Issues in Biomedical Ethics). [ITM Library: UV/18383] 123

Sepou A, Nguembi E, Yanza MC, Kom A, Mamadou D, Ngbale R, Nau MN. Les accidents obstétricaux liés aux excisions à la maternité de l'hôpital communautaire de Bangui. Méd Afrique Noire 2003; 50: 155-158.

Toubia NF, Sharief EH. Female genital mutilation: have we made progress? Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 82: 251-261.

Cook RJ, Dickens BM, Fathalla MF. Female genital cutting (mutilation/circumcision): ethical and legal dimensions. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 79: 281-287.

El-Gibaly O, Ibrahim B, Mensch BS, Clark WH. The decline of female circumcision in Egypt: evidence and interpretation. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 205-220.

Essén B, Bödker B, Sjöberg NO, Gudmundsson S, Ostergren PO. Is there an association between female circumcision and perinatal death? Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 629-632.

Female genital mutilation. JAMA 2002; 288: 1130-1135.

Larsen U, Okonofua FE. Female circumcision and obstetric complications. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 77: 255-265.

Mohamud A, Radeny S, Yinger N, Kittony Z, Ringheim K. Protecting and empowering girls: confronting the roots of female genital cutting in Kenya. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 434-458. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Msuya SE, Mbizvo E, Hussain A, Sundby J, Sam NE, Stray-Pedersen B. Female genital cutting in Kilimandjaro, Tanzania: changing attitudes? Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 159-165.

Slanger TE, Snow RC, Okonofua FE. The impact of female genital cutting on first delivery in southwest Nigeria. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 173-18437.

Snow RC, Slanger TE, Okonofua FE, Oronsaye F, Wacker J. Female genital cutting in southern urban and peri-urban Nigeria: self-reported validity, social determinants and secular decline. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 91-100.

Yount KM. Like mother, like daughter? Female genital cutting in Minia, Egypt. J Health Soc Behav 2002; 43: 336-358.

Bosch X. Female genital mutilation in developed countries. Lancet 2001; 358: 1177-1179.

Islam MM, Uddin MM. Female circumcision in Sudan: future prospects and strategies for eradication. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 71-76.

Keita D, Blankhart D. Community-based survey on female genital excision in Faranah district, Guinea. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(18): 135-142.

Nkwo PO, Onah HE. Decrease in female genital mutilation among Nigerian Ibo girls. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 321-322.

Shell-Duncan B. The medicalization of female "circumcision": harm reduction or promotion of a dangerous practice? Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 1013-1028.

124 Snow RC. Female genital cutting: distinguishing the rights from the health agenda [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 89-91.

Yoder PS, Mahy M. Female genital cutting in Guinea: qualitative and quantitative research strategies. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2001: 34 pp. (DHS Analytical Studies; 5)

Sexually transmitted diseases and health services

Bharat S, Mahendra VS. Meeting the sexual and reproductive health needs of people living with HIV: challenges for health care providers. Reprod Health Matt 2007; 15(29 Suppl.): 93-112.

Buckley C. Challenges to integrating sexual health issues into reproductive health programs in Uzbekistan. Stud Fam Plann 2006; 37(3): 155-168.

Glasier A, Gülmezoglu AM, Schmid GP, Garcia Moreno C, Van Look PFA. Sexual and reproductive health: a matter of life and death. Lancet 2006; 368(9547): 1595-1607 [+ 1550-1551].

Hill PS, Dodd R, Dashdorj K. Health sector reform and sexual and reproductive health services in Mongolia. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 91-100.

Nuwaha F. Determinants of choosing public or private health care among patients with sexually transmitted infections in Uganda. Sex Transm Dis 2006; 33(7): 422-427.

Borghi J, Gorter A, Sandiford P, Segura Z. The cost-effectiveness of a competitive voucher scheme to reduce sexually transmitted infections in high-risk groups in Nicaragua. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 222-231.

Schneider H, Chabikuli N, Blaauw D, Funani I, Brugha R. Sexually transmitted infections; factors associated with quality of care among private general practitioners. S Afr Med J 2005; 95: 782-785.

Aggarwal AK, Duggal M. Knowledge of men and women about reproductive tract infections and AIDS in a rural area of north India: impact of a community-based intervention. J Health Popul Nutr 2004; 22: 413-419.

Bachmann MO, Colvin MSE, Nsibande D, Connolly C, Curtis B. Quality of primary care for sexually transmitted diseases in Durban, South Africa: influences of patient, nurse, organizational and socioeconomic characteristics. Int J STD AIDS 2004; 15: 388-394.

Berer M. HIV/AIDS, sexual and reproductive health: intersections and implications for national programmes. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19(Suppl.1): i62-i70.

García PJ, Chavez S, Feringa B, Chiappe M, Li W, Jansen KU, Cárcamo C, Holmes KK. Reproductive tract infections in rural women from the highlands, jungle, and coastal regions of Peru. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 483-492.

Vuylsteke B, Traore M, Mah-Bi G, Konan Y, Ghys P, Diarra J, Laga M. Quality of sexually transmitted infections services for female sex workers in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 638-643.

Garcia P, Hughes J, Carcamo C, Holmes KK. Training of pharmacy workers in recognition, management, and prevention of STDs: district-randomized controlled trial. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 806-814.

125 Kitajima T, Kobayashi Y, Chaipah W, Sato H, Chadbunchachai W, Thuennadee R. Costs of medical services for patients with HIV/AIDS in Khon Kaen, Thailand. AIDS 2003; 17: 2375-2381.

Smith-Fawzi MC, Lambert W, Singler JM, Koenig SP, Léandre F, Nevil P, Bertrand D, Claude MS, Bertrand J, Salazar JJ, Louissaint M, Joanis L, Farmer PE. Prevalence and risk factors of STDs in rural Haiti: implications for policy and programming in resource-poor settings. Int J STD AIDS 2003; 14: 848-853.

Sombié I, Meda N, Van de Perre P, Ky-Zerbo O, Traoré A, Compaoré IP, Del Campo P, Bidiga JA, Huygens P, Ouangré A. Qualité des soins et acceptabilité des algorithmes de prise en charge des infections sexuellement transmissibles au Burkina Faso. Rev Epidémiol Santé Publique 2003; 51: 505-511.

Bitera R, Alary M, Mâsse B, Viens P, Lowndes C, Baganizi E, Kamuragiye A, Kane F, Dénagnon Kintin F, Sylla M, Zerbo PJ. Qualité de la prise en charge des maladies sexuellement transmises: enquête auprès des soignants de six pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Cah Santé 2002; 12: 233-239.

Chabikuli N, Schneider H, Blaauw D, Zwi AB, Brugha R. Quality and equity of private sector care for sexually transmitted diseases in South Africa. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17(Suppl.1): 40-46.

Gibney L, Chikukwa P, Seidenberg P, Mukherjee S, Mbizvo M. STD treatment for men in rural and urban Zimbabwe: choice of practitioner, perceptions of access and quality of care. Int J STD AIDS 2002; 13: 301-309.

Kitahata MM, Tegger MK, Wagner EH, Holmes KK. Comprehensive health care for people infected with HIV in developing countries. BMJ 2002; 325: 954-957.

Fonck K, Claeys P, Bashir F, Bwayo J, Fransen L, Temmerman M. Syphilis control during pregnancy: effectiveness and sustainability of a decentralized program. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 705-707.

Mayhew S, Nzambi K, Pépin J, Adjei S. Pharmacists' role in managing sexually transmitted infections: policy issues and options for Ghana. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 152-160.

Schneider H, Blaauw D, Dartnall E, Coetzee DJ, Ballard RC. STD care in the South African private health sector. S Afr Med J 2001; 91: 151-156.

Voeten HACM, Otido JM, O'Hara HB, Kuperus AG, Borsboom GJJM, Ndinya-Achola JO, Bwayo JJ, Habbema JDF. Quality of sexually transmitted disease case management in Nairobi, Kenya; a comparison among different types of healthcare facilities. Sex Transm Dis 2001; 28: 633-642.

Walker D, Muyinda H, Foster S, Kengeya-Kayondo J, Whitworth J. The quality of care by private practitioners for sexually transmitted diseases in Uganda. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 35-40.

Wheeler DA, Arathoon EG, Pitts M, Cedillos RA, Bu TE, Porras GD, Herrera G, Sosa NR. Availability of HIV care in Central America. JAMA 2001; 286: 853-860.

Hanson S. Health sector reform and STD/AIDS control in resource poor setting; the case of Tanzania. Int J Health Plann Manag 2000; 15: 341-360.

126

Contraception and family planning services

For country data on fertility and family planning check the Measure DHS website or their Demographic and Health Surveys. [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/ ]

Harvey PD. Social marketing: no longer a sideshow. Stud Fam Plann 2008; 39(1): 69-72.

Agha SY, Rasheed BO. Family planning and unmet need among Iraqi Kurds. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13(6): 1382-1391.

Barber SL. Family planning advice and postpartum contraceptive use among low-income women in Mexico. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2007; 33(1): 6-12.

Bernstein S, Edouard L. Targeting access to reproductive health: giving contraception more prominence and using indicators to monitor progress. Reprod Health Matt 2007; 15(29): 186-191. de Vera NZ. Birth spacing perceptions of rural Filipinos. J Transcult Nurs 2007; 18(3): 238-246.

Ferreira Moura ER, Magalhaes da Silva R, Gimeniz Galvao MT. Dinâmica do atendimento em planejamento familiar no Programa Saúde da Familia no Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública 2007; 23(4): 961-970.

Gakidou E, Vayena E. Use of modern contraception by the poor is falling behind. PLoS Med 2007; 4(2): 381-389 [e31].

Gillespie D, Ahmed S, Tsui A, Radloff S. Unwanted fertility among the poor: an inequity? Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(2): 100-107 [+ 86].

Gillespie D. Contraceptive use and the poor: a matter of choice? [perspectives]. PLoS Med 2007; 4(2): 241-242 [e49].

Gribble JN, Sharma S, Menotti EP. Family planning policies and their impacts on the poor: Peru's experience. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2007; 33(4): 176-181.

Ibnouf AH, van den Borne HW, Maarse JAM. Utilization of family planning services by married Sudanese women of reproductive age. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13(6): 1372-1381.

Robinson WC, Ross JA, editors. The global family planning revolution; three decades of population policies and programs. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2007: 470 pp. [ITM Library: UTT/20855]

Ross J, Stover J, Adelaja D. Family planning programs in 2004: new assessments in a changing environment. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2007; 33(1): 22-30.

Seiber EE, Bertrand JT, Sullivan TM. Changes in contraceptive method mix in developing countries. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2007; 33(3): 117-123.

White JS, Speizer IS. Can family planning outreach bridge the urban-rural divide in Zambia? BMC Health Serv Res 2007; 7(143): 9 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/7/143]

Calle M, Rodrigues RN, da Costa Leite I. Necessidade insatisfeita por métodos anticoncepcionais na Bolívia, 1998. Cad Saúde Pública 2006; 22(9): 1989-1996.

127 Campbell M, Sahin-Hodoglugil NN, Potts M. Barriers to fertility regulation: a review of the literature. Stud Fam Plann 2006; 37(2): 87-98.

Cleland J, Ali MM. Sexual abstinence, contraception, and condom use by young African women: a secondary analysis of survey data. Lancet 2006; 368(9549): 1788-1793 [+ 1749-1750].

Cleland J, Bernstein S, Ezeh A, Faundes A, Glasier A, Innis J. Family planning: the unfinished agenda. Lancet 2006; 368(9549): 1810-1827.

Ding QJ, Hesketh T. Family size, fertility preferences, and sex ratio in China in the era of the one child family policy: results from national family planning and reproductive health survey. BMJ 2006; 333(7564): 371-373 [+ 361-362].

Genna S, Fantahun M, Berhane Y. Sustainability of community based family planning services; experiences from rural Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2006; 44(1): 1-8.

Hasna FS. Utilization of family planning services in the Governorate of Zarqa, Jordan. J Transcult Nurs 2006; 17(4): 365-374.

Mello MM, Powlowski M, Nañagas JMP, Bossert T. The role of law in public health: the case of family planning in the Philippines. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(2): 384-396.

Utomo ID, Arsyad SS, Hasmi EN. Village family planning volunteers in Indonesia: their role in the family planning programme. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 73-82.

Akpadza K, Agba K, Tete V, Baeta S, Attignon A, Adabra K, Hodonou AKS. Connaissance et pratique de la contraception par les patientes admises pour avortement provoqué clandestin à la clinique de gynécologie-obstétrique du CHU Tokoin, Lomé. Méd Afrique Noire 2005; 52: 345-351.

Conde-Agudelo A, Belizán JM, Breman R, Brockman SC, Rosas-Bermudez A. Effect of interpregnancy interval after an abortion on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89(Suppl.1): S34-S40.

Douthwaite M, Ward P. Increasing contraceptive use in rural Pakistan: an evaluation of the Lady Health Worker Programme. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 117-123.

Hennink M, Clements S. The impact of franchised family planning clinics in poor urban areas of Pakistan. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 33-44.

Hesketh T, Xing ZW. The effect of China's one-child family policy after 25 years. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1171-1176.

Jansen WH. Existing demand for birth spacing in developing countries: perspectives from household survey data. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89(Suppl.1): S50-S60.

Mercer A, Ashraf A, Huq NL, Haseen F, Uddin AHN, Reza M. Use of family planning services in the transition to a static clinic system in Bangladesh. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2005; 31: 115-123.

Rasch V, Lyaruu MA. Unsafe abortion in Tanzania and the need for involving men in postabortion contraceptive counseling. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 301-310.

Razzaque A, Da Vanzo J, Rahman M, Gausia K, Hale L, Khan MA, Mustafa AHMG. Pregnancy spacing and maternal morbidity in Matlab, Bangladesh. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89(Suppl.1): S41-S49. 128

Schoemaker J. Contraceptive use among the poor in Indonesia. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2005; 31: 106-114.

Burgard S. Factors associated with contraceptive use in late- and post-apartheid South Africa. Stud Fam Plann 2004; 35: 91-104.

Cheng Y, Guo X, Li Y, Li S, Qu A, Kang B. Repeat induced abortions and contraceptive practices among unmarried young women seeking an abortion in China. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 87: 199-202.

Chin-Quee DS. In Paraguay, both IUDs and contraceptive pills come with "strings attached". Rev Panam Salud Pública 2004; 16: 144-147.

Guillaume A. Les pratiques contraceptives. In: Guillaume A, Khlat M, editors. Santé de la reproduction au temps du Sida en Afrique. Nogent-sur-Marne: Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), 2004: 55-72. (Collections du CEPED; Rencontres). [ITM Library: UTT/18939]

Matheny G. Family planning programs: getting the most for the money. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2004; 30: 134-138.

Mendez F, Lopez F, Brambila C, Burkhart M. Screening family planning needs: an operations research project in Guatemala. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2004; 4(2): 9 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-698X/4/2]

Shah MA, Shah NM, Chowdhury RI, Menon I. Unmet need for contraception in Kuwait: issues for health care providers. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 1573-1580.

Shiffman J. Political management in the Indonesian family planning program. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2004; 30: 27-33.

Agbèrè ARD, Tchagafou M, Houédji K, Baëta S, Boukari B, Gaba-Amouzou B, Kouassi AK. Utilisation des méthodes contraceptives par les jeunes femmes de Lomé (Togo). Cah Santé 2003; 13: 243-251.

Casterline JB, El-Zanaty F, El-Zeini LO. Unmet need and unintended fertility: longitudinal evidence from Upper Egypt. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2003; 29: 158-166.

Chen S, Guilkey DK. Determinants of contraceptive method choice in rural Tanzania between 1991 and 1999. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 263-276.

Heimburger A, Gras C, Guedes A. Expanding access to emergency contraception: the case of Brazil and Colombia. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 150-160.

Khan MA. Factors associated with oral contraceptives discontinuation in rural Bangladesh. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 101-108.

Magadi MA, Curtis SL. Trends and determinants of contraceptive method choice in Kenya. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 149-159.

Mancini DJ, Stecklov G, Stewart JF. The effect of structural characteristics on family planning program performance in Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 2123-2137.

129 Ramarao S, Lacuesta M, Costello M, Pangolibay B, Jones H. The link between quality of care and contraceptive use. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2003; 29: 76-83.

Ramarao S, Mohanam R. The quality of family planning programs: concepts, measurements, interventions, and effects. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 227-248.

Roy TK, Ram K, Nangia P, Saha U, Khan N. Can women's childbearing and contraceptive intentions predict contraceptive demand? Findings from a longitudinal study in central India. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2003; 29: 25-31.

Shah MA, Shah NM, Menon I. Unmet need for contraception in Kuwait: a developing country without a family planning program. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 83: 335-338.

Shepard DS, Bail RN, Merritt CG. Cost-effectiveness of USAID's regional program for family planning in West Africa. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 117-126.

Stoebenau K, Valente TW. Using network analysis to understand community-based programs: a case study from highland Madagascar. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2003; 29: 167-173.

Adewole IF, Oye-Adeniran BA, Iwere N, Oladokun A, Gbadegesin A, Babarinsa IA. Contraceptive usage among abortion seekers in Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2002; 21: 112-114.

Arends-Kuenning M. Reconsidering the doorstep-delivery system in the Bangladesh family planning program. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 87-102.

Attané I. China's family planning policy: an overview of its past and future. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 103-113.

Bawah AA. Spousal communication and family planning behavior in Navrongo: a longitudinal assessment. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 185-194.

Bongaarts J, Johansson E. Future trends in contraceptive prevalence and method mix in the developing world. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 24-36.

Bossyns P, Miyé H, Van Lerberghe W. Supply-level measures to increase uptake of family planning services in Niger: the effectiveness of improving responsiveness. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 383-390.

Caldwell JC, Caldwell P. Africa: the new family planning frontier. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 76-86.

Caldwell JC, Phillips JE, Barkat-e-Khuda. The future of family planning programs. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 1-10.

Chiesa-Moutandou S, Chameni Nembua G. Régulation des naissances, santé maternelle et infantile et lutte contre le SIDA au Gabon. Méd Afrique Noire 2002; 49: 27-31.

Debpuur C, Phillips JE, Jackson EF, Nazzar A, Ngom P, Binka FN. The impact of the Navrongo project on contraceptive knowledge and use, reproductive preferences, and fertility. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 141-164.

130 Díaz M, Simmons R, Díaz J, Cabral F, Bossemeyer D, Makuch MY, Ghiron L. Action research to enhance reproductive choice in a Brazilian municipality: the Santa Barbara project. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 355-375. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Fleischman Foreit KG. Source of maternal and child health care as an indicator of ability to pay for family planning. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 167-169.

Guillaume A, Desgrées du Loû A. Fertility regulation among women in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire: contraception, abortion or both? Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 159-166.

Helzner JF. Transforming family planning services in the Latin American and Caribbean region. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 49-60.

Jones G, Leete R. Asia's family planning programs as low fertility is attained. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 114-126.

Katz KR, Johnson LM, Janowitz B, Carranza JM. Reasons for the low level of IUD use in El Salvador. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 26-31.

Murthy N, Ramachandar L, Pelto P, Vasan A. Dismantling India's contraceptive target system: an overview and three case studies. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 25-57. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Ross J, Hardee K, Mumford E, Eid S. Contraceptive method choice in developing countries. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 32-40.

Ross JA, Winfrey WL. Unmet need for contraception in the developing world and the former Soviet Union: an updated estimate. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 138-143.

Seiber EE, Bertrand JT. Access as a factor in differential contraceptive use between Mayans and ladinos in Guatemala. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 167-177.

Sheffmann J. The construction of community participation: village family planning groups and the Indonesian state. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 1199-1214.

Shepard B. "When I talk about sexuality, I use myself as an example": sexuality counseling and family planning in Colombia. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 133-148. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Shrestha S. Increasing contraceptive acceptance through empowerment of female community health volunteers in rural Nepal. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20: 156-165.

Stanback J, Qureshi ZP, Sekkade-Kigondu C. Advance provision of oral contraceptives to family planning clients in Kenya. East Afr Med J 2002; 79: 257-258.

131 Sultan M, Cleland JG, Ali MA. Assessment of a new approach to family planning services in rural Pakistan. Am J Public Health 2002; 92: 1168-1172.

Thang NM, Anh DN. Accessibility and use of contraceptives in Vietnam. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 214-219.

Winckler EA. Chinese reproductive policy at the turn of the millennium: dynamic stability. Popul Dev Rev 2002; 28: 379-418 (+579-585).

Babalola S, Vondrasek C, Brown J, Traoré R. The impact of a regional family planning service promotion initiative in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from Cameroon. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 186-193, 216.

Bertrand JT, Seiber E, Escudero G. Contraceptive dynamics in Guatemala: 1978-1998. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 112-118, 136.

Bessinger RE, Bertrand JT. Monitoring quality of care in family planning programs: a comparison of observations and client exit interviews. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 63-70.

Chandani Y, Breton G. Contraceptive security, information flow, and local adaptations: Family planning Morocco. Afr Health Sci 2001; 1: 73-82.

Fathalla MF. Family planning. In: Lawson JB, Harrison KA, Bergström S, editors. Maternity care in developing countries. London: RCOG Press, 2001: 369-380. [ITM Library: UWE/17831]

Hanifi SMA, Bhuiya A. Family-planning services in a low-performing rural area of Bangladesh: insights from field observations. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 209-214.

Ong Tsui A. Population policies, family planning programs, and fertility: the record. Popul Dev Rev 2001; 27(Suppl): 184-204.

Rahman M, DaVanzo J, Razzaque A. Do better family planning services reduce abortion in Bangladesh? Lancet 2001; 358: 1051-1056.

Ross J, Stover J. The Family Planning Program Effort Index: 1999 cycle. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 119-129.

Schuler SR, Bates LM, Islam MK. The persistence of a service delivery 'culture': findings from a qualitative study in Bangladesh. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 194-200.

Stanback J, Twum-Baah KA. Why do family planning providers restrict access to services? An examination in Ghana. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 37-41.

Westoff CF. Unmet need at the end of the century. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2001: 33 pp. (DHS Comparative Reports; 1). [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com]

Westoff CF, Bankole A. The contraception-fertility link in sub-Saharan Africa and in other developing countries. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2001: 10 pp. (DHS Analytical Studies; 4). [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com]

Casterline JB, Sinding SW. Unmet need for family planning in developing countries and implications for population policy. Popul Dev Rev 2000; 26: 691-723.

132 Eltigani EE. Changes in family-building patterns in Egypt and Morocco: a comparative analysis. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 73-78.

Feyisetan B, Casterline JB. Fertility preferences and contraceptive change in developing countries. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 100-109.

Garenne M, Tollman S, Kahn K. Premarital fertility in rural South Africa: a challenge to existing population policy. Stud Fam Plann 2000; 31: 47-54.

Ikamari LDE, Lwanga CK. Correlates of unmet need for contraception in Zambia. Afr J Health Sci 2000; 7(18): 12-24.

Rafalimanana H, Westoff CF. Potential effects on fertility and child health and survival of birth-spacing preferences in sub-Saharan Africa. Stud Fam Plann 2000; 31: 99-110.

Routh S, Thwin AA, Kane TT, Baqui AH. User-fees for family-planning methods: an analysis of payment behaviour among urban contraceptors in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2000; 18: 69-78.

Speizer IS, Hotchkiss DR, Magnani RJ, Hubbard B, Nelson K. Do service providers in Tanzania unnecessarily restrict clients' access to contraceptive methods? Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 13-20, 42.

Westoff CF, Bankole A. Trends in the demand for family limitation in developing countries. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 56-62, 97.

Williams T, Schutt-Ainé J, Cuca Y. Measuring family planning service quality through client satisfaction exit interviews. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 63-71.

• Infertility

Retherford RD, Choe MK, Chen J, Xiru L, Hongyan C. How far has fertility in China really declined? Popul Dev Rev 2005; 31: 57-84.

Rutstein SO, Shah IH. Infecundity, infertility, and childlessness in developing countries. Calverton: ORC Macro; Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2004: 56 pp. (DHS Comparative Reports; 9). [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/CR9/CR9.pdf]

Inhorn MC. Global infertility and the globalization of new reproductive technologies: illustrations from Egypt. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 1837-1851.

Larsen U. Infertility in central Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 354-367.

Sibanda A, Woubalem Z, Hogan DP, Lindstrom DP. The proximate determinants of the decline to below-replacement fertility in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 1-7.

Geelhoed DW, Nayembil D, Asare K, Schagen van Leeuwen JH, Van Roosmalen J. Infertility in rural Ghana. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 79: 137-142.

Larsen U. Primary and secondary infertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29: 285-291.

133 Integrating sexual and reproductive health care

Maharaj P, Cleland J. Integration of sexual and reproductive health services in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 310-318.

Myer L, Rabkin M, Abrams EJ, Rosenfield A, El-Sadr WM. Focus on women: linking HIV care and treatment with reproductive health services in MTCT-plus initiative. Reprod Health Matters 2005; 13(25): 136-146.

Oliff M, Mayaud P, Brugha R, Semakafu AM. Integrating reproductive health services in a reforming health sector: the case of Tanzania. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 37-48.

Adeokun L, Mantell JE, Weiss E, Ebun Delano G, Jagha T, Olatoregun J, Udo D, Akinso S, Weiss E. Promoting dual protection in family planning clinics in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 87-95.

Askew I, Baker Maggwa N. Integration of STI prevention and management with family planning and antenatal care in sub-Saharan Africa; what more do we need to know? Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 77-86.

Budiharsana MP. Integrating reproductive tract infection services into family planning settings in Indonesia. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 111-118.

Caldwell JC, Caldwell P. Is integration the answer for Africa? Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 108-110.

Chikamata DM, Chinganya O, Jones H, Ramarao S. Dual needs: contraceptive and sexually transmitted infection protection in Lusaka, Zambia. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 96-104.

Lush L. Service integration: an overview of policy developments. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 71-76.

Myer L, Morroni C, Mathews C, Little F. Dual method use in South Africa. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 119-121.

Shittu O, Ifenne DI, Hord C. A hospital in Nigeria reinvents its reproductive health care system. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 223-235. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Pinotti JA, Vieira Alves Andreotti Tojal ML, Toshihiro Nisida AC, Pinotti M. Comprehensive health care for women in a public hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(18): 69-78.

Ward E, Spruyt A, Fox L, Johnson L, Wong E, Behets F, Figueroa JP, Morris J. Strategies for detection of sexually transmitted infection among family planning clients in Jamaica. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 201-207.

Dehne KL, Snow R, O'Reilly KR. Integration of prevention and care of sexually transmitted infections with family planning services: what is the evidence for public health benefits? Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 628-639.

Hanson S. Health sector reform and STD/AIDS control in resource poor setting; the case of Tanzania. Int J Health Plann Manag 2000; 15: 341-360.

134

Population groups with special needs

• Refugees

Orach CG, Dubourg D, De Brouwere V. Costs and coverage of reproductive health interventions in three rural refugee-affected districts, Uganda. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(3): 459-469.

Whelan A, Blogg J. 'Halfway people': refugee views of reproductive health services. Global Public Health 2007; 2(4): 373-394.

Krause SK, Meyers JL, Friedlander E. Improving the availability of emergency obstetric care in conflict-affected settings. Global Public Health 2006; 1(3): 205-228.

Rutta E, Williams H, Mwansasu A, Mung'ong'o F, Burke H, Gongo R, Veneranda R, Qassim M. Refugee perceptions of the quality of healthcare: findings from a participatory assessment in Ngara, Tanzania. Disasters 2005; 29: 291-309.

Bartlett LA, Purdin S, McGinn T. Forced migrants; turning rights into reproductive health. Lancet 2004; 363: 76-77.

Orach CG, De Brouwere V. Postemergency health services for refugee and host populations in Uganda, 1999-2002 [research letter]. Lancet 2004; 364: 611-612.

Young Holt B, Brady W, Belay E, Toole M, Effler P, Friday J, Parker K. Planning STI/HIV prevention among refugees and mobile populations: situation assessment of Sudanese refugees. Disasters 2003; 27: 1-15.

Krause SK, Otieno M, Lee C. Reproductive health for refugees. Lancet 2002; 360(Suppl.): s15-s16.

Girard F, Waldman W. Ensuring the reproductive rights of refugees and internally displaced persons: legal and policy issues. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 167-173.

Krause SK, Jones RK, Purdin SJ. Programmatic responses to refugees' reproductive health needs. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 181-187.

McGinn T. Reproductive health of war-affected populations: what do we know? Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 174-180.

Schreck L. Turning point: a special report on the refugee reproductive health field. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 162-166.

• Adolescents

Health services needs and demand

Bearinger LH, Sieving RE, Ferguson J, Sharma V. Global perspectives on the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents; patterns, prevention, and potential. Lancet 2007; 369(9568): 1220-1231.

135 Braeken D, Otoo-Oyortey N, Serour G. Access to sexual and reproductive health care: adolescents and young people. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 98(2): 172-174.

Tylee A, Haller DM, Graham T, Churchill R, Sanci LA. Youth-friendly primary-care services: how are we doing and what more needs to be done? Lancet 2007; 369(9572): 1565-1573.

Bosmans M, Cikuru MN, Claeys P, Temmerman M. Where have all the condoms gone in adolescent programmes in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Reprod Health Matt 2006; 14(28): 80-88. de Carvalho Mesquita Ayres JR, Paiva V, França I, Gravato N, Lacerda R, Della Negra M, de Sousa Marques H, Galano E, Lecussan P, Cotrim Segurado A, Silva MH. Vulnerability, human rights, and comprehensive health care needs of young people living with HIV/AIDS. Am J Public Health 2006; 96(6): 1001-1006.

Jaffer YA, Afifi M, Al Ajmi F, Alouhaishi K. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of secondary-school pupils in Oman: II. Reproductive health. East Mediterr Health J 2006; 12(1/2): 50-60.

Meuwissen LE, Gorter AC, Kester ADM, Knottnerus JA. Can a comprehensive voucher programme prompt changes in doctors' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to sexual and reproductive health care for adolescents? A case study from Latin America. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(6): 889-898.

Meuwissen LE, Gorter AC, Kester ADM, Knottnerus JA. Does a competitive voucher program for adolescents improve the quality of reproductive health care? A simulated patient study in Nicaragua. BMC Public Health 2006; 6(204): 9 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/6/204]

Meuwissen LE, Gorter AC, Segura Z, Kester ADM, Knottnerus JA. Uncovering and responding to needs for sexual and reproductive health care among poor urban female adolescents in Nicaragua. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(12): 1858-1867.

Reynolds H, Wong EL, Tucker H. Adolescents' use of maternal and child health services in developing countries. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2006; 32(1): 6-16.

Warenius LU, Faxelid EA, Chishimba PN, Musandu JO, Ong'any AA, Nissen EBM. Nurse-midwives' attitudes towards adolescent sexual and reproductive health needs in Kenya and Zambia. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 119-128.

DeJong J, Jawad R, Mortagy I, Shepard B. The sexual and reproductive health of young people in the Arab countries and Iran. Reprod Health Matters 2005; 13(25): 49-59.

Goldenberg P, Figueiredo MCT, de Souza e Silva R. Gravidez na adolescência, pré-natal e resultados perinatais em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Cad Saúde Pública 2005; 21(4): 1077-1086.

136 Buckley C, Barrett J, Asminkin YP. Reproductive and sexual health among young adults in Uzbekistan. Stud Fam Plann 2004; 35: 1-14.

DiLorio C, Dudley WN, Soet JE, McCarty F. Sexual possibility situations and sexual behaviors among young adolescents: the moderating role of protective factors. J Adolescent Health 2004; 35: e11-e20.

Erulkar AS, Ettyang LIA, Onoka C, Nyagah FK, Muyonga A. Behavior change evaluation of a culturally consistent reproductive health program for young Kenyans. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2004; 30: 58-67.

Rani M, Lule E. Exploring the socioeconomic dimension of adolescent reproductive health: a multicountry analysis. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2004; 30: 110-117.

Tu X, Cui N, Lou C, Gao E. Do family-planning workers in China support provision of sexual and reproductive health services to unmarried young people? Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 274-280.

Bott S, Jejeebhoy S, Shah I, Puri C, editors. Towards adulthood: exploring the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents in South Asia. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, 2003: 244 pp.

Mensch BS, Clark WH, Anh DN. Adolescents in Vietnam: looking beyond reproductive health. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 249-262.

Okonofua FE, Coplan P, Collins S, Oronsaye F, Ogunsakin D, Ogonor JT, Kaufman JA, Heggenhougen K. Impact of an intervention to improve treatment-seeking behavior and prevent sexually transmitted diseases among Nigerian youths. Int J Infect Dis 2003; 7: 61-73.

Ben Mahmoud A. Mieux adapter le système de soins tunisien à la santé des adolescents. Santé Publique 2002; 14: 57-62.

Drayton VL. Contraceptive use among Jamaican teenage mothers. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2002; 11: 150-157.

Esiet AO, Whitaker C. Coming to terms with politics and gender: the evolution of an adolescent reproductive health program in Nigeria. In: Haberland N, Measham D, editors. Responding to Cairo; case studies of changing practice in reproductive health and family planning. New York: Population Council, 2002: 149-167. [ITM Library: UTT/17670]

Mahy M, Gupta N. Trends and differentials in adolescent reproductive behavior in sub-Saharan Africa. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2002: 40 pp. (DHS Analytical Studies; 3). [Available from http://www.measuredhs.com]

Barua A, Kurz K. Reproductive health-seeking by married adolescent girls in Maharashtra, India. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(17): 53-62.

Brabin L, Chandra-Mouli V, Ferguson J, Ndowa F. Tailoring clinical management practices to meet the special needs of adolescents: sexually transmitted infections. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 123-136.

Dehne KL, Riedner G. Sexually transmitted infections among adolescents: the need for adequate health services. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(17): 170-183.

137 Dickson-Tetteh K, Pettifor A, Moleko W. Working with public sector clinics to provide adolescent-friendly services in South Africa. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(17): 160-169.

Kim YM, Kols A, Nyakauru R, Marangwanda C, Chibatamoto P. Promoting sexual responsibility among young people in Zimbabwe. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 11-19.

Masatu MC, Lugoe WL, Kvale G, Klepp KI. Health services utilisation among secondary school students in Arusha region, Tanzania. East Afr Med J 2001; 78: 300-307.

Mathur S, Malhotra A, Mehta M. Adolescent girls' life aspirations and reproductive health in Nepal. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(17): 91-100.

Rivera R, Cabral de Mello M, Johnson SL, Chandra-Mouli V. Contraception for adolescents: social, clinical and service-delivery considerations. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 149-163.

Speizer IS, Tambashe BO, Tegang SP. An evaluation of the "Entre Nous Jeunes" peer-educator program for adolescents in Cameroon. Stud Fam Plann 2001; 32: 339-351.

Goodburn EA, Ross DA. Young people's health in developing countries: a neglected problem and opportunity. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 137-144.

Gupta N. Sexual initiation and contraceptive use among adolescent women in northeast Brazil. Stud Fam Plann 2000; 31: 228-238.

Teenage pregnancy and abortion van Dillen J, van Beijeren E, van Roosmalen J. Perinatal outcome of primiparous teenagers in northern Namibia. Trop Doct 2008; 38(2): 122-125.

Nour NM. Health consequences of child marriage in Africa. Emerging Infect Dis 2006; 12(11): 1644-1649.

Ahmed MK, van Ginneken J, Razzaque A. Factors associated with adolescent abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 198-205.

Conde-Agudelo A, Belizán JM, Lammers C. Maternal-perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with adolescent pregnancy in Latin America: cross-sectional study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 192: 342-349 [+ 340-341].

Gandzien PC, Ekoundzola JR. Grossesse et accouchement chez l'adolescente à la maternité de Talangai, Brazzaville, Congo. Méd Afrique Noire 2005; 52: 429-433.

Munasinghe S, van den Broek N. Abortions in adolescents. Trop Doct 2005; 35: 133-135.

Geoghegan T. State of the world's mothers 2004; children having children. Westport: Save the Children, 2004: 40 pp. [Available from: http://www.savethechildren.org.uk]

Donoso Sina E, Becker Valdivieso J, Villaroel del Pino L. Natalidad y riesgo reproductivo en adolescentes de Chile, 1990-1999. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2003; 14: 3-8.

Varga CA. How gender roles influence sexual and reproductive health among South African adolescents. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 160-172.

138 Gama SG, Szwarcwald CL, Leal M, Mdo C. Experiencia de gravidez na adolescencia, fatores associados e resultados perinatais entre puerperas de baixa renda. Cad Saúde Pública 2002; 18: 153-161.

Ganatra B, Hirve S. Induced abortions among adolescent women in rural Maharashtra, India. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(19): 76-85.

Henry R, Fayorsey C. Coping with pregnancy; experiences of adolescents in Ga Mashi, Accra. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2002: 71 pp. [Available from http://www.measuredhs.com]

Lema VM, Mpanga V, Makanani BS. Socio-demographic characteristics of adolescent post-abortion patients in Blantyre, Malawi. East Afr Med J 2002; 79: 306-310.

Varga CA. Pregnancy termination among South African adolescents. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 283-298.

Wasunna A, Mohammed K. Low birthweight babies: socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of adolescent mothers at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 2002; 79: 543-546.

Wasunna A, Mohammed K. Morbidity and outcome of low birthweight babies of adolescent mothers at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 2002; 79: 539-542. de la Cuesta C. Taking love seriously: the context of adolescent pregnancy in Colombia. J Transcult Nurs 2001; 12(3): 180-192.

Dia AT, Diallo I, Guillemin F, Deschamps JP. Facteurs pronostiques des complications de la grossesse et de l'accouchement chez l'adolescente et son nouveau-né au Sénégal. Cah Santé 2001; 11: 221-228.

Kaufman CE, de Wet T, Stadler J. Adolescent pregnancy and parenthood in South Africa. Stud Fam Plann 2001; 32: 147-160.

Letamo G, Majelantle RG. Health implications of early childbearing on pregnancy outcome in Botswana: insights from the institutional records. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 45-52.

Mensch BS, Clark WH, Lloyd CB, Erulkar AS. Premarital sex, schoolgirl pregnancy, and school quality in rural Kenya. Stud Fam Plann 2001; 32: 285-301.

Ndiaye O, Diallo D, Gyèye Bâ M, Diagne I, Moreau JC, Diadhiou F, Kuakuvi N. Facteurs de risques maternels et petit poids du nouveau-né chez des adolescentes sénégalaises: l'exemple d'un centre hospitalier de Dakar. Cah Santé 2001; (11): 241-244.

Olukoya AA, Kaya A, Ferguson BJ, AbouZahr C. Unsafe abortion in adolescents. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 137-147.

Otoide VO, Oronsaye F, Okonofua FE. Why Nigerian adolescents seek abortion rather than contraception: evidence from focus-group discussions. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 77-81.

Silberschmidt M, Rasch V. Adolescent girls, illegal abortions and "sugar daddies" in Dar es Salaam: vulnerable victims and active social agents. Soc Sci Med 2001; 52: 1815-1826.

Treffers PE, Olukoya AA, Ferguson BJ, Liljestrand J. Care for adolescent pregnancy and childbirth. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 111-121. 139 MATERNAL MORTALITY

Maternal health

Gill K, Pande R, Malhotra A. Women deliver for development. Lancet 2007; 370(9595): 1347-1357.

Filippi V, Ganaba R, Baggaley RF, Marshall T, Storeng KT, Sombié I, Ouattara F, Ouedraogo T, Akoum M, Meda N. Health of women after severe obstetric complications in Burkina Faso: a longitudinal study. Lancet 2007; 370(9595): 1329-1337.

Maternal health. In: Misra RP, editor. Geography of health; a treatise on geography of life and death in India. New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company, 2007: 350-360.

McCaw-Binns A, Alexander SF, Lindo JLM, Escoffery C, Spence K, Lewis-Bell K, Lewis G. Epidemiologic transition in maternal mortality and morbidity; new challenges for Jamaica. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 96(3): 226-232.

ICDDR,B. Selected maternal health indicators obtained by geographical reconnaissance. Health Sci Bull 2006; 4(2): 12-17.

Freedman LP, Waldman RJ, de Pinho H, Wirth ME, Chowdhury AMR, Rosenfield A. Transforming health systems to improve the lives of women and children. Lancet 2005; 365: 997-1000.

Mukuria A, Aboulafia C, Themme A. The context of women's health: results from the Demographic and Health Surveys, 1994-2001. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2005: 102 pp. (DHS Comparative Reports; 11).

Parkhurst JO, Danischevski K, Balabanova D. International maternal health indicators and middle-income countries: Russia. BMJ 2005; 331: 510-513.

Siddiqi S, Haq IU, Ghaffar A, Akhtar T, Mahaini R. Pakistan's maternal and child health policy: analysis, lessons and the way forward. Health Pol 2004; 69(1): 117-130.

Maternal mortality: estimation – incidence

For country data on maternal mortality check the Measure DHS website or their Demographic and Health Surveys. [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/ ]

Barnett S, Nair N, Tripathy P, Borghi J, Rath S, Costello A. A prospective key informant surveillance system to measure maternal mortality; findings from indigenous populations in Jharkhand and Orissa, India. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2008; 8(6): 8 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/8/6 ]

140 Hurt LS, Alam N, Dieltiens G, Aktar N, Ronsmans C. Duration and magnitude of mortality after pregnancy in rural Bangladesh. Int J Epidemiol 2008; 37(2): 397-404.

McCaw-Binns A, Lindo JLM, Lewis-Bell KN, Ashley DEC. Maternal mortality surveillance in Jamaica. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2008; 100(1): 31-36.

Chhabra S, Kakani A. Maternal mortality due to eclamptic and eclamptic hypertensive disorders: a challenge. J Obstet Gynaecol 2007; 27(1): 25-29.

Fottrell E, Byass P, Ouedraogo TW, Tamini C, Gbangou A, Sombié I, Högberg U, Witten KH, Bhattacharya S, Desta T, Deganus S, Tornui J, Fitzmaurice AE, Meda N, Graham WJ. Revealing the burden of maternal mortality: a probalistic model for determining pregnancy-related causes of death from verbal autopsies. Popul Health Metrics 2007; 5(1): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.pophealthmetrics.com/content/5/1/1]

Hill K, Thomas K, AbouZahr C, Walker N, Say L, Inoue M, Suzuki E. Estimates of maternal mortality worldwide between 1990 and 2005: an assessment of available data. Lancet 2007; 370(9595): 1311-1319 [+ 1291-1292].

McClure EM, Goldenberg RL, Bann CM. Maternal mortality, stillbirth and measures of obstetric care in developing and developed countries. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 96(2): 139-146.

Romagosa C, Ordi J, Saute F, Quintó L, Machungo F, Ismail MR, Carrilho C, Osman N, Alonso PL, Menendez C. Seasonal variations in maternal mortality in Maputo, Mozambique: the role of malaria. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(1): 62-67.

Say L, Inoue M, Mills S, Suzuki E. Maternal mortality in 2005: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA and the World Bank. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2007: 48 pp. [Available from: http://www.who.int/whosis/mme_2005.pdf ]

Souza JP, Cecatti JG, Parpinelli MA, Serruya SJ, Amaral E. Appropriate criteria for identification of near-miss maternal morbidity in tertiary care facilities: a cross sectional study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7(20): 8 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/7/20 ]

Hill K, El Arifeen S, Koenig M, Al-Sabir A, Jamil K, Raggers H. How should we measure maternal mortality in the developing world? A comparison of household deaths and sibling history approaches. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(3): 173-180.

Kirigia JM, Oluwole D, Mwabu GM, Gatwiri D, Kainyu LH. Effects of maternal mortality on gross domestic product (GDP) in the WHO African region. Afr J Health Sci 2006; 13(1-2): 86-95.

Campbell O, Gipson R, Issa AH, Matta N, El Deeb B, El Mohandes A, Alwen A, Mansour E. National maternal mortality ratio in Egypt halved between 1992-93 and 2000. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 462-471.

Maine D, Paxton A, Bailey P, Patterson G. Research note: estimating maternal deaths averted: a field-based methodology. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89: 218-220.

Umeora OUJ, Esike COU, Egwuatu VE. Maternal mortality in rural Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 88: 321-322.

Akar ME, Eyi EGY, Yilmaz ES, Yuksel B, Yilmaz Z. Maternal deaths and their causes in Ankara, Turkey, 1982-2001. J Health Popul Nutr 2004; 22: 420-428.

141 AbouZahr C, Wardlaw T. Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2004: 30 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241562706.pdf ]

Say L, Pattinson RC, Gülmezoglu AM. WHO systematic review of maternal morbidity and mortality: the prevalence of severe acute maternal morbidity (near miss). Reprod Health 2004; 1(3): 5 pp. [Available from: www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/1/1/3]

Bouvier-Colle MH. Mortalité maternelle dans les pays en développement: données statistiques et amélioration des soins obstétricaux. Méd Trop 2003; 63: 358-365.

Moodley J. Saving mothers: 1999-2001. S Afr Med J 2003; 93: 364-366.

Mswia R, Lewanga M, Moshiro C, Whiting D, Wolfson L, Hemed Y, Alberti KGMM, Kitange H, Mtasiwa D, Setel P. Community-based monitoring of safe motherhood in the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 87-94.

Muula AS, Phiri A. Did maternal mortality ratio increase in Malawi between 1992-1998? Review of Malawi demographic and health surveys and other data sources. Trop Doct 2003; 33: 182-185.

Pathmanathan I, Liljestrand J, Martins JM, Rajapaksa LC, Lissner C, de Silva A, Selvaraju S, Singh PJ. Investing in maternal health; learning from Malaysia and Sri Lanka. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank, 2003: 182 pp. (Health, Nutrition, and Population Series). [ITM Library: UWE/18150]

Yayla M. Maternal mortality in developing countries. J Perinat Med 2003; 31: 386-391.

Audu LR, Ekele BA. A ten year review of maternal mortality in Sokoto, northern Nigeria. West Afr J Med 2002; 21: 74-76.

Bhat PNM. Maternal mortality in India: an update. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 227-236.

Ferreira Songane F, Bergström S. Quality of registration of maternal deaths in Mozambique: a community-based study in rural and urban areas. Soc Sci Med 2002; 54: 23-31.

Graham WJ. Now or never: the case for measuring maternal mortality. Lancet 2002; 359: 701-704.

Kodio B, de Bernis L, Ba M, Ronsmans C, Pison G, Etard JF. Levels and causes of maternal mortality in Senegal. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 499-505.

Majoko F, Chipato T, Iliff V. Trends in maternal mortality for the Greater Harare Maternity Unit: 1976-1997. Cent Afr J Med 2002; 47: 199-203.

Ozumba BC, Anya SE. Maternal deaths associated with cesarean section in Enugu, Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 76: 307-309.

Rahman MH, Akhter HH, Khan Chowdhury MEE, Yusuf HR, Rochat RW. Obstetric deaths in Bangladesh, 1996-1997. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 77: 161-169.

Stanton C, Hobcraft J, Hill K, Kodjogbé N, Mapeta WT, Munene F, Naghavi M, Rabeza V, Sisouphanthong B, Campbell O. Chaque décès compte: mesure de la mortalité maternelle à partir des recensements. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2002; 6: 128-135.

142 Stekelenburg J, Van Roosmalen J. The maternal mortality review meeting: experiences from Kalabo district hospital, Zambia. Trop Doct 2002; 32: 219-223.

AbouZahr C, Wardlaw T. La mortalité maternelle à la fin d'une décennie: des signes de progrès? Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2001; 5: 96-105.

AbouZahr C, Wardlaw T. Maternal mortality at the end of a decade: signs of progress? Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 561-568.

Francesconi P, Pisani V. Estimating maternal mortality by the Sisterhood method in Iringa District, Tanzania. Trop Doct 2001; 31: 220.

Hill K, AbouZahr C, Wardlaw T. Estimates of maternal mortality for 1995. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 182-193.

Maternal mortality in 1995: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Reproductive Health and Research (RHR), 2001: 55 pp. (WHO/RHR/01.9). [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2001/WHO_RHR_01.9.pdf]

Ouedraogo C, Ouedraogo A, Ouattara T, Akotionga M, Thieba B, Lankoande J, Kone B. La mortalité maternelle au Burkina Faso; évolution et stratégie nationale de lutte. Méd Afrique Noire 2001; 48: 452-456.

Ronsmans C. Maternal mortality in developing countries. In: Semba RD, Bloem MW, editors. Nutrition and health in developing countries. Totowa: Humana Press, 2001: 31-56. (Bendich A, editor. Nutrition and Health). [ITM Library: BE/17223]

Sloan NL, Winikoff B, Fikree FF. An ecologic analysis of maternal mortality ratios. Stud Fam Plann 2001; 32: 352-355.

Smith JB, Fortney JA, Wong E, Amatya R, Coleman NA, de Graft Johnson J. Estimates of the maternal mortality ratio in two districts of the Brong-Ahafo region, Ghana. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 400-408.

Stanton C, Hobcraft J, Hill K, Kodjogbé N, Mapeta WT, Munene F, Naghavi M, Rabeza V, Sisouphanthong B, Campbell O. Every death counts: measurement of maternal mortality via a census. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 657-664.

Acosta AA, Cabezas E, Chaparro JC. Present and future of maternal mortality in Latin America. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2000; 70: 125-131.

Apers L. Maternal mortality: the figures; value and validity. Trop Doct 2000; 30: 88-91.

Font F, González MA, Nathan R, Lwilla F, Kimario J, Tanner M, Alonso PL. Maternal mortality in a rural district of southeastern Tanzania: an application of the sisterhood method. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29: 107-112.

Orach GC. Maternal mortality estimated using the Sisterhood method in Gulu district, Uganda. Trop Doct 2000; 30: 72-74.

Prual A, Bouvier-Colle MH, de Bernis L, Bréart G. Morbidité maternelle grave par causes obstétricales directes en Afrique de l'Ouest: incidence et létalité. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 3: 129-137.

143 Prual A, Bouvier-Colle MH, de Bernis L, Bréart G. Severe maternal morbidity from direct obstetric causes in West Africa: incidence and case fatality rates. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 593-602.

Stanton C, Abderrahim N, Hill K. An assessment of DHS maternal mortality indicators. Stud Fam Plann 2000; 31: 111-123.

Determinants – prevention

Averting Maternal Death and Disability; resources. [Available from: http://www.amddprogram.org/index.php?sub=4 ]

Adisasmita A, Deviany PE, Nandiaty F, Stanton C, Ronsmans C. Obstetric near miss and deaths in public and private hospitals in Indonesia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2008; 6(10): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/8/10 ]

Althabe F, Buekens P, Bergel E, Belizán JM, Campbell MK, Moss N, Hartwell T, Wright LL. A behavioral intervention to improve obstetrical care. N Engl J Med 2008; 358(18): 1929-1940.

Countdown Coverage Writing Group. Countdown to 2015 for maternal, newborn, and child survival: the 2008 report on tracking coverage of interventions. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1247-1258 [+ 1217-1219].

Evjen-Olsen B, Hinderaker SG, Lie RT, Bergsjo P, Gasheka P, Kvale G. Risk factors for maternal death in the highlands of rural northern Tanzania: a case-control study. BMC Public Health 2008; 8(52): 9 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/8/52 ]

South Africa Every Death Counts Writing Group. Every death counts: use of mortality audit data for decision making to save the lives of mothers, babies, and children in South Africa. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1294-1304.

Adegoke AA, Lawoyin TO, Ogundeji MO, Thomson AM. A community-based investigation of the avoidable factors of maternal mortality in Nigeria: the pilot experience. Afr Health Sci 2007; 7(3): 176-181.

Belay T, Abdullah M, Mengistu H, Ghebrekidan K, Getaneh E, Mare W. Making Pregnancy Safer Initiative: program impact in selected pilot areas. Ethiop Med J 2007; 45(2): 115-122.

Cham M, Vangen S, Sundby J. Maternal deaths in rural Gambia. Global Public Health 2007; 2(4): 359-372.

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Graham WJ, Hussein J. Minding the gaps: a reassessment of the challenges to safe motherhood. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(6): 978-983.

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Madi BC, Hussein J, Hounton S, D'Ambruoso L, Achadi E, Arhinful DK. Setting priorities for safe motherhood programme evaluation: a participatory process in three developing countries. Health Pol 2007; 83(1): 94-104.

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Mbonye AK, Asimwe JB, Kabarangira J, Nanda G, Orinda V. Emergency obstetric care as the priority intervention to reduce maternal mortality in Uganda. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 96(3): 220-225.

Mpembeni RNM, Killewo JZ, Leshabari MT, Massawe SN, Jahn A, Mushi D, Mwakipa H. Use pattern of maternal health services and determinants of skilled care during delivery in Southern Tanzania: implications for achievement of MDG-5 targets. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7(29): 7 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/7/29 ]

Ramos S, Karolinski A, Romero M, Mercer R. A comprehensive assessment of maternal deaths in Argentina: translating multicentre collaborative research into action. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(8): 615-622.

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Rosenfield A, Min CJ, Freedman LP. Making motherhood safe in developing countries. N Engl J Med 2007; 356(14): 1395-1397.

Al-Adili N, Johansson A, Bergström S. Maternal mortality among Palestinian women in the West Bank. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 93(2): 164-170. 145

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Campbell OMR, Graham WJ. Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: getting on with what works. Lancet 2006; 368(9543): 1284-1299.

Dumont A, Gaye A, de Bernis L, Chaillet N, Landry A, Delage J, Bouvier-Colle MH. Facility-based maternal death reviews: effects on maternal mortality in a district hospital in Senegal. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(3): 218-224.

Fauveau V, de Bernis L. "Good obstetrics" revisited: too many evidence-based practices and devices are not used. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(2): 179-184.

Geller SE, Adams MG, Kelly PJ, Kodkany BS, Derman RJ. Postpartum hemorrhage in resource-poor settings. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 92(3): 202-211.

Gil-González D, Carrasco-Portiño M, Ruiz MT. Knowledge gaps in scientific literature on maternal mortality: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(11): 903-909.

Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM, Van Look PFA. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet 2006; 367(9516): 1066-1074.

Mayi-Tsonga S, Akouo L, Ngou-Mve-Ngou JP, Meye JF. Facteurs de risque de l'éclampsie à Libreville (Gabon); étude cas-témoins. Cah Santé 2006; 16(3): 197-200.

Moran AC, Sangli G, Dineen R, Rawlins B, Yaméogo M, Baya B. Birth-preparedness for maternal health: findings from Koupéla district, Burkina Faso. J Health Popul Nutr 2006; 24(4): 489-497.

Nayama M, Djibo-Koba A, Garba M, Idi N, Marafa A, Diallo FZ, Toure A, Djibrill B, Illa-Souley A. Mortalité maternelle au niveau d'une maternité de référence du Niger; étude prospective à propos de 104 cas. Méd Afrique Noire 2006; 53(12): 687-693.

Oyieke JBO, Obore S, Kigondu CS. Millennium Development Goal 5: a review of maternal mortality at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 2006; 83(1): 4-9.

Rogo KO, Oucho J, Mwalali P. Maternal mortality. In: Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, Bos ER, Baingana FK, Hofman KJ, Rogo KO, editors. Disease and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa; 2nd ed. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2006: 223-236.

Ronsmans C, Graham WJ. Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why. Lancet 2006; 368(9542): 1189-1200 [+ 1130-1135].

Vega L. The battle to reduce maternal deaths in southern Lima. PLoS Med 2006; 3(2): 170-172.

Bartlett LA, Mawji S, Whitehead S, Crouse C, Dalil S, Ionete D, Salama P. Where giving birth is a forecast of death: maternal mortality in four districts of Afghanistan, 1999-2002. Lancet 2005; 365: 864-870.

146 Borghi J, Thapa B, Osrin D, Jan S, Morrison J, Tamang S, Shrestha BP, Wade A. Economic assessment of a women's group intervention to improve birth outcomes in rural Nepal. Lancet 2005; 366: 1882-1884.

Bullough C, Meda N, Makowiecka K, Ronsmans C, Achadi EL, Hussein J. Current strategies for the reduction of maternal mortality. BJOG 2005; 112(9): 1180-1188.

Chatterjee P. Cambodia tackles high maternal mortality. Lancet 2005; 366: 281-282.

Hounton SH, Meda N, Hussein J, Sombie I, Conombo G, Graham WJ. Describing safe motherhood programs for priority setting: the case of Burkina Faso. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 91: 97-104.

Hussein J, Clapham S. Message in a bottle: sinking in a sea of safe motherhood concepts. Health Pol 2005; 73(3): 294-302.

Jokhio AH, Winter HR, Cheng KK. An intervention involving traditional birth attendants and perinatal and maternal mortality in Pakistan. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2091-2099 pp [+ 2047-2048].

Lema VM, Changole J, Kanyighe C, Malunga EV. Maternal mortality at the Queen Elizabeth Central Teaching Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi. East Afr Med J 2005; 82: 3-9.

Mahaini R, Mahmoud H. Reducing maternal mortality in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11(4): 539-544.

Oladapo OT, Sule-Odu AO, Olatunji AO, Daniel OJ. "Near-miss" obstetric events and maternal deaths in Sagamu, Nigeria; a retrospective study. Reprod Health 2005; 2(9): 9 pp. [Available from: www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/2/1/9]

OMS. Rapport sur la santé dans le monde 2005; donnons sa chance à chaque mère et à chaque enfant. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), 2005: 261 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/whr/2005/9242562904.pdf]

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Stekelenburg J. Het Millennium-project van de Verenigde Naties, in het bijzonder de reductie van kindersterfte en van moedersterfte wereldwijd. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2005; 149: 2299-2302.

Temmerman M, Kley N, Wuillaume F, Bosmans M, Roelens K, Claeys P. Maternal mortality in developing countries. Bull Séances Acad R Sci Outre Mer 2005; 51(2): 143-150.

Touré B, Koffi NM, Gohou V, Dagnan S, Diarra-Nama AJ. Identification des dysfonctionnements dans la prise en charge de la morbidité maternelle grave à Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). Santé Publique 2005; 17: 135-144.

WHO. The World Health Report 2005: make every mother and child count. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2005: 229 pp. [Available from: whqlibdoc.who.int/whr/2005/9241562900.pdf] 147

Akar ME, Eyi EGY, Yilmaz ES, Yuksel B, Yilmaz Z. Maternal deaths and their causes in Ankara, Turkey, 1982-2001. J Health Popul Nutr 2004; 22: 420-428.

Costello A, Osrin D, Manandhar D. Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality in the poorest communities. BMJ 2004; 329: 1166-1168 [+1117-1118].

Donoso Siña E. Reducción de la mortalidad materna en Chile de 1990 a 2000. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2004; 15: 326-330.

Fako TT, Forcheh N, Ncube E. Prospects of safe motherhood in Botswana: midwifery training and nurses' ability to complete the Botswana obstetric record. Soc Sci Med 2004; 58: 1109-1120.

Graham WJ, Fitzmaurice AE, Bell JS, Cairns JA. The familial technique for linking maternal death with poverty. Lancet 2004; 363: 23-27.

Lodhi SK, Sohail R, Zaman F, Tayyab M, Bashir T, Hudson CN, Khan RL. FIGO Save the Mothers Initiative: the Pakistan-UK collaboration. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 87: 79-87.

Manandhar DS, Osrin D, Shrestha BP, Mesko N, Morrison J, Tumbahangphe KM, Tamang S, Thapa S, Shrestha D, Thapa B, Shrstha JR, Wade A, Borghi J, Standing H, Manandhar M, De L AM. Effect of a participatory intervention with women's groups on birth outcomes in Nepal: cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2004; 364: 970-979 [+ 914-915].

McCaw-Binns AM, Ashley DE, Knight LP, MacGillivray I, Golding J. Strategies to prevent eclampsia in a developing country: I. Reorganization of maternity services. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 87: 286-294.

OMS. Au-delà des nombres; examiner les morts maternelles et les complications pour réduire les risques liés à la grossesse. Genève: Organisation Mondiale de la Santé (OMS), Département Santé et Recherche Génésiques, 2004: 153 pp. [+ CDROM]. [Available from: whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9242591831.pdf]

Prual A. La réduction de la mortalité maternelle dans les pays en voie de développement: théorie et pratique. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 569-575.

Stekelenburg J, Kyanamina S, Mukelabai M, Wolffers I, Van Roosmalen J. Waiting too long: low use of maternal health services in Kalabo, Zambia. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 390-398.

WHO. Beyond the numbers; reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2004: 142 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591838.pdf]

WHO. Making pregnancy safer: the critical role of the skilled attendant; a joint statement by WHO, ICM and FIGO. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Reproductive Health and Research, 2004: 18 pp. [Available from: whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591692.pdf]

Ahluwalia IB, Schmid T, Kouletio M, Kanenda O. An evaluation of a community-based approach to safe motherhood in northwestern Tanzania. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 82: 231-240.

Bantebya Kyomuhendo G. Low use of rural maternity services in Uganda: impact of women's status, traditional beliefs and limited resources. Reprod Health Matters 2003; 11(21): 16-26.

148 Beun MH, Wood SK. Acceptability and use of clean home delivery kits in Nepal: a qualitative study. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 367-373.

Bulatao RA, Ross JA. Which health services reduce maternal mortality? Evidence from ratings of maternal health services. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 710-721.

Chamberlain J, McDonagh R, Lalonde A, Arulkumaran S. The role of professional associations in reducing maternal mortality worldwide. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 83: 94-102.

Chapman RR. Endangering safe motherhood in Mozambique: prenatal care as pregnancy risk. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 355-374. de Bernis L. Mortalité maternelle dans les pays en développement: quelles stratégies adopter? Méd Trop 2003; 63: 391-399.

De Groof D, Harouna Y, Bossyns P. Application de la méthode des besoins obstétricaux non couverts dans la commune III de Niamey, Niger (année 1999). Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2003; 96: 35-38.

Etard JF, Kodio B, Ronsmans C. Seasonal variation in direct obstetric mortality in rural Senegal: role of malaria? Am J Trop Med Hyg 2003; 68: 503-504.

Fourn L, Slobodan D. Couverture obstétricale et issues de grossesse au Bénin. Méd Afrique Noire 2003; 50: 215-218.

Koblinsky MA, Ed. Reducing maternal mortality; learning from Bolivia, China, Egypt, Honduras, Indonesia, Jamaica, and Zimbabwe. Washington: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2003: 132 pp. (Preker AS, editor. Health, Nutrition, and Population Series). [ITM Library: UWE/18304]

Letamo G, Rakgoasi SD. Factors associated with non-use of maternal health services in Botswana. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 40-47.

Miller S, Cordero M, Coleman AL, Figueroa J, Brito-Anderson S, Dabagh R, Calderon V, Cáceres F, Fernandez AJ, Nunez M. [Averting maternal death and disability] Quality of care in institutionalized deliveries; the paradox of the Dominican Republic [incl. 4 commentaries]. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 82: 89-119.

Rana TG, Rajopadhyaya R, Bajracharya B, Karmacharya M, Osrin D. Comparison of midwifery-led and consultant-led maternity care for low risk deliveries in Nepal. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 330-337.

Reducing maternal mortality and morbidity. In: Bale JR, Stoll BJ, Lucas AO, editors. Improving birth outcomes; meeting the challenge in the developing world. Washington: National Academy Press, 2003: 43-89. [ITM Library: UWE/18571]

Ronsmans C, Etard JF, Walraven G, Hoj L, Dumont A, de Bernis L, Kodio B. Maternal mortality and access to obstetric services in West Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 940-948.

Taguchi N, Kawabata M, Maekawa M, Maruo T, Aditiawarman, Dewata L. Influence of socio-economic background and antenatal care programmes on maternal mortality in Surabaya, Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 847-852.

149 Amowitz LL, Reis C, Iacopino V. Maternal mortality in Herat Province, Afghanistan, in 2002; an indicator of women's human rights. JAMA 2002; 288: 1284-1291.

Bartlett LA, Jamieson DJ, Kahn T, Sultana M, Wilson HG, Duerr A. Maternal mortality among Afghan refugees in Pakistan, 1999-2000. Lancet 2002; 359: 643-649.

Bicego G, Boerma JT, Ronsmans C. The effect of AIDS on maternal mortality in Malawi and Zimbabwe [letter]. AIDS 2002; 16: 1078-1081.

Cook RJ, Dickens BM. Human rights to safe motherhood. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 76: 225-231.

Kimbrough Pradhan E, West KP, Katz J, Christian P, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Dali SM, Shrestha SR. Risk of death following pregnancy in rural Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 887-891.

Quijada C, Comfort A. Maternal health financing profile: Tanzania. Bethesda: Abt Associates, 2002: 22 pp. (PHRplus Working Papers; 003).

Supratikto G, Wirth ME, Achadi E, Cohen S, Ronsmans C. A district-based audit of the causes and circumstances of maternal deaths in south Kalimantan, Indonesia. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 228-234.

Bulatao RA, Ross JA. Do health services reduce maternal mortality? Evidence from ratings of maternal health programs. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina, Carolina Population Center, Measure Evaluation, 2001: 18 pp. (Measure Evaluation WP-01-39). [Available from: http://www.cpc.unc.edu/measure/publications/]

Fathalla MF. The Hubert de Watteville Memorial Lecture: Imagine a world where motherhood is safe for all women; you can help make it happen. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 72: 207-213.

Freedman LP. Using human rights in maternal mortality programs: from analysis to strategy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 51-60.

Gbadegesin A. Towards a safer motherhood. Africa Health 2001; 23(6): 39-41.

Gelband H, Liljestrand J, Nemer L, Islam M, Zupan J, Jha P. The evidence base for interventions to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality in low and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 102 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG5; 5).

Goodburn E, Campbell O. Reducing maternal mortality in the developing world: sector-wide approaches may be the key. BMJ 2001; 322: 917-920.

Goodburn EA, Hussein J, Lema V, Damisoni H, Graham W. Monitoring obstetric services: putting the UN guidelines into practice in Malawi. I. Developing the system. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 74: 105-117.

Harrison KA, Bergström S. Poverty, deprivation and unsafe motherhood. In: Lawson JB, Harrison KA, Bergström S, editors. Maternity care in developing countries. London: RCOG Press, 2001: 1-20. [ITM Library: UWE/17831]

150 Kwast B, Bergström S. Training professionals for safer motherhood. In: Lawson JB, Harrison KA, Bergström S, editors. Maternity care in developing countries. London: RCOG Press, 2001: 46-62. [ITM Library: UWE/17831]

McCaw-Binns A, Standard-Goldson A, Ashley D, Walker G. Access to care and maternal mortality in Jamaican hospitals: 1993-1995. Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30: 796-801.

Ouedraogo C, Testa J, Sondo B, Kone B. Analyse des facteurs de risque de morbidité maternelle sévère à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Méd Afrique Noire 2001; 48: 403-410.

Ramarao S, Caleb L, Khan ME, Townsend JW. Safer maternal health in rural Uttar Pradesh: do primary health services contribute? Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 256-263.

Rogo KO, Aloo-Obunga C, Ombaka C, Oguttu M, Orero S, Oyoo C, Odera J. Maternal mortality in Kenya: the state of health facilities in a rural district. East Afr Med J 2001; 78: 468-472.

Ronsmans C, Endang A, Gunawan S, Zazri A, McDermott J, Koblinsky M, Marshall T. Evaluation of a comprehensive home-based midwifery programme in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health 2001; 6: 799-810.

Sahel A, De Brouwere V, Lardi M, Van Lerberghe W, Ronsmans C, Filippi V. Des catastrophes obstétricales évitées de justesse: les near miss dans les hôpitaux marocains. Cah Santé 2001; 11: 229-235.

Sloan NL, Langer A, Hernandez B, Romero M, Winikoff B. The etiology of maternal mortality in developing countries: what do verbal autopsies tell us? Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 805-810.

Walley RL. Maternal mortality in East Timor [letter]. Lancet 2001; 358: 505.

WHO, Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Report; workshop on maternal mortality reduction in selected countries in the Western Pacific Region, Manila, Philippines, 29 May - 2 June 2000. Manila: World Health Organization (WHO), Regional Office for the Western Pacific, 2001: 71 pp. ((WH)RPH/ICP/RHP/002-E).

Acosta AA, Cabezas E, Chaparro JC. Present and future of maternal mortality in Latin America. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2000; 70: 125-131.

Conde-Agudelo A, Belizán JM. Maternal morbidity and mortality associated with interpregnancy interval: cross sectional study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1255-1259. de Bernis L, Dumont A, Bouillin D, Gueye A, Dompnier JP, Bouvier-Colle MH. Maternal morbidity and mortality in two different populations of Senegal: a prospective study (MOMA survey). Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2000; 107: 68-74.

Granja AC, Machungo F, Bergstrom S. Avoidability of maternal death in Mozambique: audit and retrospective risk assessment in 106 consecutive cases. Afr J Health Sci 2000; 7(18): 83-87.

Loudon I. Maternal mortality in the past and its relevance to developing countries today. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 241S-246S. 151

Luck M. Safe motherhood intervention studies in Africa: a review. East Afr Med J 2000; 77: 599-607.

Onwuhafua PI, Onwuhafua A, Adze J. The challenge of reducing maternal mortality in Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2000; 71: 211-213.

Pathak LR, Kwast BE, Malla DS, Pradhan AS, Rajlawat R, Campbell BB. Process indicators for safe motherhood programmes: their application and implications as derived from hospital data in Nepal. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5: 882-890.

Rush D. Nutrition and maternal mortality in the developing world. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72: 212S-240S.

Schwarcz R, Fescina R. Maternal mortality in Latin America and the Caribbean. Lancet 2000; 356(Suppl.): S11.

Sepou A, Yanza MC, Nguembi E, Bangamingo JP, Nali MN. Les consultations prénatales en zone semi-urbaine centrafricaine: fréquence, facteurs influençants, pronostic maternel et néonatal. Méd Trop 2000; 60: 257-261.

Shiffman J. Can poor countries surmount high maternal mortality? Stud Fam Plann 2000; 31: 274-289.

Walraven G, Telfer M, Rowley J, Ronsmans C. Maternal mortality in rural Gambia: levels, causes and contributing factors. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 603-613.

• Specific techniques or drugs for specific causes

Bradley SEK, Prata N, Young-Lin N, Bishai DM. Cost-effectiveness of misoprostol to control postpartum hemorrhage in low-resource settings. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 97(1): 52-56.

Collin SM, Baggaley RF, Pittrof R, Filippi V. Could a simple antenatal package combining micronutritional supplementation with presumptive treatment of infection prevent maternal deaths in sub-Saharan Africa? BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7(6): 9 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/7/6]

Harper CC, Blanchard K, Grossman D, Henderson JT, Darney PD. Reducing maternal mortality due to elective abortion: potential impact of misoprostol in low-resource settings. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 98(1): 66-69.

ICM/FIGO. Prevention and treatment of post-partum haemorrhage new advances for low-resource settings. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 97(2): 160-163.

Lumbiganon P, Gülmezoglu AM, Piaggio G, Langer A, Grimshaw J. Magnesium sulfate is not used for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in Mexico and Thailand as much as it should be. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 763-767.

Mathai M, Gülmezoglu AM, Hill S. Saving women's lives: evidence-based recommendations for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(4): 322-323.

Mathews JE, Rajaratnam A, George A, Mathai M. Comparison of two World Health Organization partographs. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 96(2): 147-150. 152

McClure EM, Goldenberg RL, Brandes N, Darmstadt GL, Wright LL. The use of chlorhexidine to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity in low-resource settings. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 97(2): 89-94.

Derman RJ, Keith L, editors. Postpartum hemorrhage - the leading global cause of maternal mortality; proceedings of the international congress on evidence based interventions to prevent postpartum hemorrhage: translating research into practice, July 12-15, 2006, Goa, India. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(Suppl.2): S113-S161.

Derman RJ, Kodkany BS, Goudar SS, Geller SE, Naik VA, Bellad MB, Patted SS, Patel A, Edlavitch SA, Hartwell T, Chakraborty H, Moss N. Oral misoprostol in preventing postpartum haemorrhage in resource-poor communities: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006; 368(9543): 1248-1253 [+1216-1217].

Fauveau V. Is vacuum extraction still known, taught and practiced? A worldwide KAP survey. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 94(2): 185-189.

Lazarus JV, Lalonde A. Reducing postpartum hemorrhage in Africa. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 88: 89-90.

Sherris J, Bingham A, Burns MA, Girvin S, Westley E, Gomez PI. Misoprostol use in developing countries: results from a multicountry study. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 88: 76-81.

Prata N, Mbaruku G, Campbell M, Potts M, Vahidnia F. Controlling postpartum hemorrhage after home births in Tanzania. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 90: 51-55.

Azandegbé N, Testa J, Makoutodé M. Evaluation de l'utilisation du partogramme au Bénin. Cah Santé 2004; 14: 251-255.

MacGillivray I, McCaw-Binns AM, Ashley DE, Fedrick A, Golding J. Strategies to prevent eclampsia in a developing country: II. Use of a maternal pictorial card. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 87: 295-300.

Bosse G, Massawe S, Jahn A. The partograph in daily practice: it's quality that matters. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 77: 243-244.

Ndiaye P, Diallo I, Wone I, Fall C. Un nouvel outil d'aide à la décision médicale dans la lutte contre la mortalité maternelle: le score de risque dystocique (SRD). Cah Santé 2001; 11: 133-138.

• Political aspects – commitment

Okiwelu T, Hussein J, Adjei S, Arhinful D, Armar-Klemesu M. Safe motherhood in Ghana: still on the agenda? Health Pol 2007; 84(2-3): 359-367.

Shiffman J. Generating political priority for maternal mortality reduction in 5 developing countries. Am J Public Health 2007; 97(5): 796-803.

Shiffman J, Okonofua FE. The state of political priority for safe motherhood in Nigeria. BJOG 2007; 114(2): 127-133.

Shiffman J, Smith S. Generation of political priority for global health initiatives: a framework and case study of maternal mortality. Lancet 2007; 370(9595): 1370-1379. 153

Shiffman J, Ved RR. The state of political priority for safe motherhood in India. BJOG 2007; 114(7): 785-790.

Shiffman J, Garcés del Valle AL. Political history and disparities in safe motherhood between Guatemala and Honduras. Popul Dev Rev 2006; 32(1): 53-80.

Costello A, Osrin D. The case for a new Global Fund for maternal, neonatal, and child survival. Lancet 2005; 366: 603-605.

Mahaini R, Mahmoud H. Maternal health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11(4): 532-538.

Mavalankar DV. Maternal mortality in resource-poor settings: policy barriers to care. Am J Public Health 2005; 95: 200-203.

El Feki S. The birth of reproductive health: a difficult delivery. PLoS Med 2004; 1(1): 10-13.

Shiffman J, Stanton C, Salazar AP. The emergence of political priority for safe motherhood in Honduras. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 380-390.

Shiffman J. Generating political will for safe motherhood in Indonesia. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 1197-1207.

Emergency obstetric care

Fauveau V. Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, and the Gambia. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 96(3): 233-240.

Mooney SE, Ogrinc G, Steadman W. Improving emergency caesarean delivery response times at a rural community hospital. Qual Safety Health Care 2007; 16(1): 60-66.

Oladapo OT, Ariba AJ, Odusoga OL. Changing patterns of emergency obstetric care at a Nigerian University hospital. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 98(3): 278-284.

Prytherch H, Massawe S, Kuelker R, Hunger C, Mtatifikolo F, Jahn A. The unmet need for emergency obstetric care in Tanga region, Tanzania. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7(16): 7 pp. [Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/7/16 ]

Rana TG, Chataut BD, Shakya G, Nanda G, Pratt A, Sakai S. Strengthening emergency obstetric care in Nepal: the Women's Right to Life and Health Project (WRLHP). Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 98(3): 271-277.

Cham M, Sundby J, Vangen S. Maternal mortality in the rural Gambia, a qualitative study on access to emergency obstetric care. Reprod Health 2006; 2(3): 8 pp. [Available from: www.reproductive-health-journal.com/content/2/1/3]

154 Fauveau V, Donnay F. Can the process indicators for emergency obstetric care assess the progress of maternal mortality reduction programs? An examination of UNFPA projects 2000-2004. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 93(3): 308-316.

Kayongo M, Butera J, Mboninyibuka D, Nyiransabimana B, Ntezimana A, Mukangamuje V. Improving availability of EmOC services in Rwanda; CARE's experiences and lessons learned at Kabgayi Referral Hospital. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 92(3): 291-298.

Kayongo M, Esquiche E, Luna MR, Frias G, Vega-Centeno L, Bailey P. Strengthening emergency obstetric care in Ayacucho, Peru. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 92(3): 299-307.

Kayongo M, Rubardt M, Butera J, Abdullah M, Mboninyibuka D, Madili M. Making EmOC a reality; CARE's experiences in areas of high maternal mortality in Africa. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 92(3): 308-319.

Paxton A, Bailey P, Lobis S. The United Nations Process Indicators for emergency obstetric care: reflections based on a decade of experience. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 95(2): 192-208.

Saizonou J, Godin I, Ouendo EM, Zerbo R, Dujardin B. La qualité de prise en charge des urgences obstétricales dans les maternités de référence au Bénin: le point de vue des "échappées belles" et leurs attentes. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(5): 672-680.

Ali M, Hotta M, Kuroiwa C, Ushijima H. Emergency obstetric care in Pakistan: potential for reduced maternal mortality through improved basic EmOC facilities, services, and access. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 91: 105-112.

Bailey P, AMDD Working Group on indicators. Program note: using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Bolivia, El Salvador and Honduras. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 89: 221-230.

Biswas AB, Das DK, Misra R, Roy RN, Ghosh D, Mitra K. Availability and use of emergency obstetric care services in four districts of West Bengal, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2005; 23(3): 266-274.

Olsen OE, Ndeki S, Norheim OF. Availability, distribution and use of emergency obstetric care in Northern Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 167-175.

Paxton A, Maine D, Freedman L, Fry D, Lobis S. The evidence for emergency obstetric care. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 88: 181-193.

AMDD Working Group on Indicators, Program note: using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Benin and Chad. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 86: 110-120.

Clapham S, Basnet I, Pathak LR, McCall M. The evolution of a quality of care approach for improving emergency obstetric care in rural hospitals in Nepal. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 86: 86-97.

Gill Z, Ahmed JU. Experience from Bangladesh: implementing emergency obstetric care as part of the reproductive health agenda. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 85: 213-220.

Gohou V, Ronsmans C, Kacou L, Yao K, Bohoussou KM, Houphouet B, Bosso P, Diarra-Nama AJ, Bacci A, Filippi V. Responsiveness to life-threatening obstetric emergencies in two hospitals in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 406-415.

155 Jamisse L, Songane F, Libombo A, Bique C, Faúndes A. Reducing maternal mortality in Mozambique: challenges, failures, successes and lessons learned. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 85: 203-212.

Nguembi E, Yanza MC, Sepou A, Yabeta G, Nali MN. Prise en charge et référence des urgences obstétricales dans les formations sanitaires de Bangui, Centrafrique. Méd Afrique Noire 2004; 51: 339-344.

Olsen OE, Ndeki S, Norheim OF. Complicated deliveries, critical care and quality in emergency obstetric care in northern Tanzania. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 87: 98-108.

Tsu VD, editor. New and underutilized technologies to reduce maternal mortality: papers from a 2003 Bellagio Workshop, July 8-11, 2003, Bellagio, Italy. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 85(Suppl.1): 93.

AMDD Working Group on Indicators. Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Morocco, Nicaragua and Sri Lanka. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 80: 222-230.

AMDD Working Group on Indicators. Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Niger, Rwanda and Tanzania. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 83: 112-120.

Banks D, Shahrouri M. The provision of reproductive health services in private hospitals in Amman, Jordan. Bethesda: Abt Associates, 2003: 31 pp. (PHRplus Technical Reports; 027).

Benagiano G, Thomas B. Safe motherhood: the FIGO initiative. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 82: 263-274.

Benagiano G, Thomas B. Saving mothers' lives: the FIGO Save the Mothers Initiative. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 80: 198-203.

Curet LB, Foster-Rosales A, Hale R, Kestler E, Medina C, Altamirano L, Reyes C, Jarquin D. FIGO Save the Mothers Initiative: the Central America and USA collaboration. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 80: 213-221.

Desai J. The cost of emergency obstetric care: concepts and issues. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 81: 74-82.

Fenton PM, Whitty CJM, Reynolds F. Caesarean section in Malawi: prospective study of early maternal and perinatal mortality. BMJ 2003; 327: 587-590.

Imbert P, Berger F, Diallo NS, Cellier C, Goumbala M, Ka AS, Petrognani R. Pronostic maternel et pédiatrique des césariennes en urgence: étude prospective à l'hôpital principal de Dakar, Sénégal. Méd Trop 2003; 63: 351-357.

Kaye D, Mirembe F, Aziga F, Namulema B. Maternal mortality and associated near-misses among emergency intrapartum obstetric referrals in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. East Afr Med J 2003; 80: 144-149.

Lalonde AB, Okong P, Mugasa A, Perron L. The FIGO Save The Mothers Initiative: the Uganda-Canada collaboration. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 80: 204-212.

McCord C, Chowdhury Q. A cost effective small hospital in Bangladesh: what it can mean for emergency obstetric care. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 81: 83-92.

156 Mekbib T, Kassaye E, Getachew A, Tadesse T, Debebe A. The FIGO Save the Mothers Initiative: the Ethiopia-Sweden collaboration. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 81: 93-102.

Ouedraogo LT, Tal F, Thiéba B, Traore G, Derme Z, Sawadogo E, Derveeuw M, Sondo B. Etude des besoins obstétricaux non couverts pour les interventions obstétricales majeures: l'expérience du Burkina Faso. Cah Santé 2003; 13: 17-21.

Tomta K, Ouro-Bang'na Maman F, Agbétra N, Baeta S, Ahouangbévi S, Chobli M. Mortalité maternelle: implication anesthésique au CHU de Lomé (Togo). Cah Santé 2003; 13: 77-80.

AMDD Working Group on Indicators, Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Pakistan, Peru and Vietnam. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 78: 275-282.

Bailey PE, Paxton A, Maine D. Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services: Bhutan, Cameroon and Rajasthan, India. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 77: 277-284.

Bailey PE, Paxton A. Using UN process indicators to assess needs in emergency obstetric services. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 76: 299-305.

Mugisho E, Dramaix M, Porignon D, Musubao E, Hennart P. Evolution des données maternelles et périnatales recueillies en routine entre 1980 et 1998 à la maternité de référence de Rutshuru en République démocratique du Congo; I. Décès maternels et interventions obstétricales. Cah Santé 2002; 12: 247-251.

Rahlenbeck S, Hakizimana C. Deliveries at a district hospital in Rwanda, 1997-2000. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 76: 325-328.

Ronsmans C, Campbell OMR, McDermott J, Koblinsky M. Questioning the indicators of need for obstetric care. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 317-324.

Afsana K, Faiz Rashid S. The challenges of meeting rural Bangladeshi women's needs in delivery care. Reprod Health Matters 2001; 9(18): 79-89.

De Brouwere V, Van Lerberghe W, editors. Réduire les risques de la maternité: stratégies et évidence scientifique. Antwerp: ITGPress, 2001: 480 pp. (Van Lerberghe W, Kegels G, De Brouwere V, editors. Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 18). [ITM Library: UWE/17392] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ]

De Brouwere V, Van Lerberghe W, editors. Safe motherhood strategies: a review of the evidence. Antwerp: ITGPress, 2001: 451 pp. (Van Lerberghe W, Kegels G, De Brouwere V, editors. Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 17). [ITM Library: UWE/17217] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ]

Hussein J, Goodburn EA, Damisoni H, Lema V, Graham W. Monitoring obstetric services: putting the 'UN Guidelines' into practice in Malawi: 3 years on. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 63-73.

McCord C, Premkumar R, Arole S, Arole R. Efficient and effective emergency obstetric care in a rural Indian community where most deliveries are at home. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 75: 297-307. 157

Murray SF, Davies S, Kumwenda Phiri R, Ahmed Y. Tools for monitoring the effectiveness of district maternity referral systems. Health Pol Plann 2001; 16: 353-361.

Rao KB, Harrison KA, Bergström S. Organisation of maternity care in developing countries. In: Lawson JB, Harrison KA, Bergström S, editors. Maternity care in developing countries. London: RCOG Press, 2001: 21-36. [ITM Library: UWE/17831]

Schmid T, Kanenda O, Ahluwalia I, Kouletio M. Transportation for maternal emergencies in Tanzania: empowering communities through participatory problem solving. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 1589-1590.

UON Network. Tackling unmet need for major obstetric interventions; case studies. [Antwerpen]: Unmet Need for Major Obstetric Interventions (UON Network), [2001]: 7 vols.

UON Network. L’approche des besoins non couverts pour les interventions obstétricales majeures; etudes de cas. [Antwerpen]: Unmet Need for Major Obstetric Interventions (UON Network), [2001]: 7 vols.

Wagaarachchi PT, Fernando L. The impact of an intensive care unit on maternal mortality. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2001; 74: 199-201.

• Cesarean section – episiotomy: rates and indications

Bambara M, Fongan E, Dao B, Ouattara H, Lankoande J, Kone B. La césarienne en milieu africain: à propos de 440 cas à la maternité du CHUSS de Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso). Méd Afrique Noire 2007; 54(6): 343-348.

Holtz SA, Stanton CK. Assessing the quality of cesarean birth data in the Demographic and Health Surveys. Stud Fam Plann 2007; 38(1): 47-54.

Lee K, Lee S. Effects of the DRG-based prospective payment system operated by the voluntarily participating providers on the cesarean section rates in Korea. Health Pol 2007; 81(2-3): 300-308.

Mooney SE, Ogrinc G, Steadman W. Improving emergency caesarean delivery response times at a rural community hospital. Qual Safety Health Care 2007; 16(1): 60-66.

Sufang G, Padmadas SS, Fengmin Z, Brown JJ, Stones RW. Delivery settings and caesarean section rates in China. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(10): 755-762.

Althabe F, Sosa C, Belizán JM, Gibbons L, Jacquerioz F. Cesarean section rates and maternal and neonatal mortality in low-, medium-, and high-income countries: an ecological study. Birth 2006; 33(4): 270-277.

Kizonde K, Kinekinda X, Kimbala J, Kamwenyi K. La césarienne en milieu africain; exemple de la maternité centrale Sendwe de Lubumbashi, R. D. Congo. Méd Afrique Noire 2006; 53(5): 293-298.

158 Ronsmans C, Holtz S, Stanton C. Socioeconomic differentials in caesarean rates in developing countries: a retrospective analysis. Lancet 2006; 368(9546): 1516-1523 [+ 1472-1473].

Stanton CK, Holtz SA. Levels and trends in cesarean birth in the developing world. Stud Fam Plann 2006; 37(1): 41-48.

Villar J, Valladares E, Wojdyla D, Zavaleta N, Carroli G, Velazco A, Shah A, Campodónico L, Bataglia V, Faundes A, Langer A, Narváez A, Donner A, Romero M, Reynoso S, de Pádua KS, Giordano D, Kublickas M, Acosta A. Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. Lancet 2006; 367(9525): 1819-1829 [+ 1796-1797].

Wanyonyi S, Sequeira E, Obura T. Caesarian section rates and perinatal outcome at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 2006; 83(12): 651-658.

Graham ID, Carroli G, Davies C, Medves JM. Episiotomy rates around the world: an update. Birth 2005; 32(3): 219-223.

Rothberg AD, McLeod H. Private-sector caesarean sections in perspective. S Afr Med J 2005; 95: 257-260.

Stanton CK, Dubourg D, De Brouwere V, Pujades M, Ronsmans C. Reliability of data on caesarean sections in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 449-455.

Hindawi IM, Mer'i ZB. The Jordanian cesarean section rate. Saudi Med J 2004; 25: 1631-1635.

Jurdi R, Khawaja M. Caesarean section rates in the Arab region: a cross-national study. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 101-110.

Khawaja M, Kabakian-Khasholian T, Jurdi R. Determinants of caesarean section in Egypt: evidence from the demographic and health survey. Health Pol 2004; 69(3): 273-281.

Morhe ESK, Sengretsi S, Danso KA. Episiotomy in Ghana. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 86: 46-47.

Rutgers S, Van Eygen L. Maternal mortality related to caesarean section in rural Matabeleland-North province, Zimbabwe. Memisa Med 2004; 70: 262-267.

Ozumba BC, Anya SE. Maternal deaths associated with cesarean section in Enugu, Nigeria. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 76: 307-309.

Dumont A, de Bernis L, Bouvier-Colle MH, Bréart G, MOMA Study Group. Caesarean section rate for maternal indication in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Lancet 2001; 358: 1328-1333.

Gichangi P, Apers L, Temmerman M. Rate of caesarean section as a process indicator of safe-motherhood programmes: the case of Kenya. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 52-58.

Mehta A, Apers L, Verstraelen H, Temmerman M. Trends in caesarean section rates at a maternity hospital in Mumbai, India. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 306-312.

Zezai A, Apers L, Zishiri C. Caesarean section rate as a process indicator of safe motherhood programmes: the case of Midlands Province. Cent Afr J Med 2001; 47: 129-134.

159 Medicalization – Unneccessary procedures

Potter JE, Hopkins K, Faúndes A, Perpétuo I. Women's autonomy and scheduled cesarean sections in Brazil: a cautionary tale. Birth 2008; 35(1): 33-40.

Chigbu CO, Ezeome IV, Iloabachie GC. Cesarean section on request in a developing country. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 96(1): 54-56.

Kabakian-Khasholian T, Kaddour A, DeJong J, Shayboub R, Nassar A. The policy environment encouraging C-section in Lebanon. Health Pol 2007; 83(1): 37-49.

Liu TC, Chen CS, Tsai YW, Lin HC. Taiwan's high rate of cesarean births: impacts of national health insurance and fetal gender preference. Birth 2007; 34(2): 115-122.

Parkhurst JO, Rahman SA. Life saving or money wasting? Perceptions of caesarean sections among users of services in rural Bangladesh. Health Pol 2007; 80(3): 392-401. van Dillen J, Meguid T, Petrova V, van Roosmalen J. Caesarean section in a semi-rural hospital in northern Namibia. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2007; 7(2): 6 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2393/7/2]

Verkuyl DAA. Think globally act locally: the case for symphysiotomy. PLoS Med 2007; 4(3): 401-406 [e71].

Villar J, Carroli G, Zavaleta N, Donner A, Wojdyla D, Faundes A, Velazco E, Bataglia V, Langer A, Narváez A, Valladares E, Shah A, Campodónico L, Romero M, Reynoso S, de Pádua KS, Giordano D, Kublickas M, Acosta A. Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre prospective study. BMJ 2007; 335(7628): 1025-1029 [+ 1003-1004]. d'Orsi E, Chor D, Giffin K, Angulo-Tuesta A, Peixoto Barbosa G, de Sousa Gama A, Reis AC. Factors associated with cesarean sections in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública 2006; 22(10): 2067-2078.

Kiros K, Lakew Z. Magnitude of episiotomy in a teaching hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2006; 44(3): 205-209.

Tang S, Li X, Wu Z. Rising cesarean delivery rate in primiparous women in urban China; evidence from three nationwide household health surveys. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2006; 195(6): 1527-1532.

Waniez P, Wurtz B, Brustlein V. L'abus du recours à la césarienne au Brésil: dimensions géographiques d'une aberration médicale. Cah Santé 2006; 16(1): 21-31.

Rothberg AD, McLeod H. Private-sector caesarean sections in perspective. S Afr Med J 2005; 95: 257-260. van Roosmalen J, Walraven G, Stekelenburg J, Massawe S. Integrating continuous support of the traditional birth attendant into obstetric care by skilled midwives and doctors: a cost-effective 160 strategy to reduce perinatal mortality and unnecessary obstetric interventions [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 393-394.

Hindawi IM, Mer'i ZB. The Jordanian cesarean section rate. Saudi Med J 2004; 25: 1631-1635.

Brugha R, Pritze-Aliassime S. Promoting safe motherhood through the private sector in low- and middle-income countries. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 616-623.

Buekens P, Curtis S, Alayón S. Demographic and Health Surveys: caesarean section rates in sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ 2003; 326: 136.

Jenkins GL. Burning bridges: policy, practice, and the destruction of midwifery in rural Costa Rica. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 1893-1909.

Kwon S. Payment system reform for health care providers in Korea. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 84-92.

Althabe F, Belizán JM, Bergel E. Episiotomy rates in primiparous women in Latin America: hospital based descriptive study. BMJ 2002; 324: 945-946.

Béhague DP, Victora CG, Barros FC. Consumer demand for caesarean sections in Brazil: population based birth cohort study linking ethnographic and epidemiological methods. BMJ 2002; 324: 942-945.

Kambo I, Bedi N, Dhillon BS, Saxena NC. A critical appraisal of cesarean section rates at teaching hospitals in India. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2002; 79: 151-158.

Mishra US, Ramanathan M. Delivery-related complications and determinants of caesarean section rates in India. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 90-98.

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Malik LR, Mohmand BK. Against routine episiotomy in all primigravidae. Pakistan J Med Sci 2000; 16: 69-75.

Meng Q, Liu X, Shi J. Comparing the services and quality of private and public clinics in rural China. Health Pol Plann 2000; 15: 349-356.

Murray SF. Relation between private health insurance and high rates of caesarean section in Chile: qualitative and quantitative study. BMJ 2000; 321: 1501-1505.

Abortion

Henshaw SK, Adewole I, Singh S, Bankole A, Oye-Adeniran B, Hussain R. Severity and cost of unsafe abortion complications treated in Nigerian hospitals. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2008; 31(1): 40-50.

Billings DL, Crane BB, Benson J, Solo J, Fetters T. Scaling-up a public health innovation: a comparative study of post-abortion care in Bolivia and Mexico. Soc Sci Med 2007; 64(11): 2210-2222. 161

David PH, Reichenbach L, Savelieva I, Vartapetova N, Potemkina R. Women's reproductive health needs in Russia: what can we learn from an intervention to improve post-abortion care? Health Pol Plann 2007; 22(2): 83-94.

Morhe ESK, Morhe RAS, Danso KA. Attitudes of doctors toward establishing safe abortion units in Ghana. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2007; 98(1): 70-74.

Nguyen MH, Gammeltoft T, Rasch V. Situation analysis of quality of abortion care in the main maternity hospital in Hai Phong, Viet Nam. Reprod Health Matt 2007; 15(29): 172-182.

Replogle J. Nicaragua tightens up abortion laws. Lancet 2007; 369(9555): 15-16.

Sathar ZA, Singh S, Fikree FF. Estimating the incidence of abortion in Pakistan. Stud Fam Plann 2007; 38(1): 11-22.

Sedgh G, Henshaw S, Singh S, Ahman E, Shah IH. Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide. Lancet 2007; 370(9595): 1338-1345 [+ 1295-1297].

Sedgh G, Henshaw SK, Singh S, Bankole A, Drescher J. Legal abortion worldwide: incidence and recent trends. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2007; 33(3): 106-116.

Briozzo L, Vidiella G, Rodríguez F, Gorgoroso M, Faúndes B, Pons JE. A risk reduction strategy to prevent maternal deaths associated with unsafe abortion. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 95(2): 221-226.

Grimes DA, Benson J, Singh S, Romero M, Ganatra B, Okonofua FE, Shah IH. Unsafe abortion: the preventable pandemic. Lancet 2006; 368(9550): 1908-1919.

Healy J, Otsea K, Benson J. Counting abortions so that abortion counts: indicators for monitoring the availability and use of abortion care services. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 95(2): 209-220.

Hessini L, Brookman-Amissah E, Crane BB. Global policy change and women's access to safe abortion: the impact of World Health Organization's guidance in Africa. Afr J Reprod Health 2006; 10(3): 14-27.

Kestler E, Valencia L, Del valle V, Silva A. Scaling up post-abortion care in Guatemala; initial successes at national level. Reprod Health Matters 2006; 14(27): 138-147.

Mbele AM, Snyman L, Pattinson RC. Impact of the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act on maternal morbidity and mortality in the west of Pretoria. S Afr Med J 2006; 96(11): 1196-1198.

Murray N, Winfrey W, Chatterji M, Moreland S, Dougherty L, Okonofua F. Factors related to induced abortion among young women in Edo State, Nigeria. Stud Fam Plann 2006; 37(4): 251-268.

Pallikadavath S, Stones RW. Maternal and social factors associated with abortion in India: a population-based study. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2006; 32(3): 120-125.

162 Rossier C, Guiella G, Ouédraogo A, Thiéba B. Estimating clandestine abortion with the confidants method; results from Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(1): 254-266.

Singh S. Hospital admissions resulting from unsafe abortion: estimates from 13 developing countries. Lancet 2006; 368(9550): 1887-1892.

Singh S, Prada E, Kestler E. Induced abortion and unintended pregnancy in Guatemala. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2006; 32(3): 136-145.

Warriner IK, Meirik O, Hoffman M, Morroni C, Harries J, My Huong NT, Vy ND, Seuc AH. Rates of complication in first-trimester manual vacuum aspiration abortion done by doctors and mid-level providers in South Africa and Vietnam; a randomized controlled equivalence trial. Lancet 2006; 368(9551): 1965-1972.

Yam EA, Dries-Daffner I, García SG. Abortion opinion research in Latin America and the Caribbean; a review of the literature. Stud Fam Plann 2006; 37(4): 225-240.

Adanu RMK, Ntumy MN, Tweneboah E. Profile of women with abortion complications in Ghana. Trop Doct 2005; 35: 139-142.

Ahmed MK, van Ginneken J, Razzaque A. Factors associated with adolescent abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 198-205.

Benson J. Evaluating abortion-care programs: old challenges, new directions. Stud Fam Plann 2005; 36: 189-202.

Berer M, editor. The abortion pill. Reprod Health Matters 2005; 13(26): 202 pp.

Billings DL, Benson J. Postabortion care in Latin America: policy and service recommendations from a decade of operations research. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 158-166.

Choudhary N, Saha SC, Gopalan S. Abortion procedures in a tertiary care institution in India. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 91: 81-86.

Gebreselassie H, Gallo MF, Monyo A, Johnson BR. The magnitude of abortion complications in Kenya. BJOG 2005; 112(9): 1229-1235.

Gondo D, Abauleth R, Dagnan S, Beat S, Boni S, Bohoussou K. Le préjudice corporel et financier des avortements provoqués; à propos de 300 cas colligés dans le service de gynécologie et d'obstétrique du C.H.U. de Cocody. Méd Afrique Noire 2005; 52: 77-80.

Hessini L. Global progress in abortion advocacy and policy: an assessment of the decade since ICPD. Reprod Health Matters 2005; 13(25): 88-100.

Juarez F, Cabigon J, Singh S, Hussain R. The incidence of induced abortion in the Philippines: current level and recent trends. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2005; 31: 140-149.

Melkamu Y, Enquselassie F, Ali A, Gebresilassie H, Yusuf L. Assessment of quality of post abortion care in government hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J 2005; 43: 137-149.

Ortiz-Ortega A. The politics of abortion in Mexico; the paradox of doble discurso. In: Chavkin W, Chesler E, editors. Where human rights begin; health, sexuality, and women in the new millennium. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2005: 154-179.

163 Osiemo R. Unsafe abortion in Kenya. Trop Doct 2005; 35: 159-160.

Sangala V. Safe abortion: a woman's right. Trop Doct 2005; 35: 130-133.

Singh S, Prada E, Mirembe F, Kiggundu C. The incidence of induced abortion in Uganda. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2005; 31(4): 183-191.

Westoff CF. Recent trends in abortion and contraception in 12 countries. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2005: 48 pp. (DHS Analytical Studies; 8). [Available from: www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf]/AS8/AS8.pdf]

Ahman E, Shah I. Unsafe abortion; global and regional estimates of the incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2000; 4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2004: 35 pp. [+ 41 pp. bibliography]. [Available from: whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591803.pdf]

Basnet I, Clapham S, Shakya G, McCall M. Evolution of the postabortion care program in Nepal: the contribution of a national Safe Motherhood Project. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 86: 98-108.

Cook RJ, Dickens BM, Horga M. Safe abortion: WHO technical and policy guidance. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 86: 79-84.

Guillaume A. Fréquence et conditions du recours à l'avortement. In: Guillaume A, Khlat M, editors. Santé de la reproduction au temps du Sida en Afrique. Nogent-sur-Marne: Centre Population et Développement (CEPED), 2004: 73-94. (Collections du CEPED; Rencontres).

Kinoti SN, Gaffikin L, Benson J. How research can affect policy and programme advovacy: example from a three-country study on abortion complications in sub-Saharan Africa. East Afr Med J 2004; 81: 63-70.

Löfstedt P, Shusheng L, Johansson A. Abortion patterns and reported sex ratios at birth in rural Yunnan, China. Reprod Health Matters 2004; 12(24): 86-95.

Mosoko JJ, Delvaux T, Glynn JR, Zekeng L, Macauley I, Buvé A. Induced abortion among women attending antenatal clinics in Yaounde, Cameroon. East Afr Med J 2004; 81: 71-77.

Qian X, Tang S, Garner P. Unintended pregnancy and induced abortion among unmarried women in China: a systematic review. BMC Health Serv Res 2004; 4(1): 4 pp. [Available from: www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/4/1]

Cissé CT, Diagne A, Faye EHO. Amélioration de la qualité des soins après avortement (SAA) en zone rurale au Sénégal. Cah Santé 2004; 14: 245-250.

Thapa S, Poudel J, Padhye S. Triaging patients with post-abortion complications: a prospective study in Nepal. J Health Popul Nutr 2004; 22: 383-398.

Zhirova IA, Frolova OG, Astakhova TM, Ketting E. Abortion-related maternal mortality in the Russian Federation. Stud Fam Plann 2004; 35: 178-188.

Dickson KE, Jewkes RK, Brown H, Levin J, Rees H, Mavuya L. Abortion service provision in South Africa three years after liberalization of the law. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 277-284.

Ikechebelu JI, Okoli CC. Morbidity and mortality following induced abortion in Nnewi, Nigeria. Trop Doct 2003; 33: 170-172.

164 Johnston HB, Ved R, Lyall N, Agarwal K. Where do rural women obtain postabortion care? The case of Uttar Pradesh, India. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2003; 29: 182-187.

Rossier C. Estimating induced abortion rates: a review. Stud Fam Plann 2003; 34: 87-102.

Sepou A, Ngbale R, Yanza MC, Domande-Modanga Z, Nguembi E. Analyse des avortements à la maternité de l'hôpital communautaire de Bangui. Méd Trop 2004; 64: 61-65.

Sepou A, Nguembi E, Yanza MC, Ngbale R, Nali MN. Analyse des avortements à la maternité de l'hôpital communautaire de Bangui. Méd Afrique Noire 2003; 50: 525-530.

Abortion: women decide. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(19): 1-197.

Ahman E, Shah I. Unsafe abortion: worldwide estimates for 2000. Reprod Health Matters 2002; 10(19): 13-17.

Calvès AE. Abortion risk and decisionmaking among young people in urban Cameroon. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 249-260.

Dickson-Tetteh K, Billings DL. Abortion care services provided by registered midwives in South Africa. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2002; 28: 144-150.

Geelhoed DW, Nayembil D, Asare K, Schagen van Leeuwen JH, Van Roosmalen J. Contraception and induced abortion in rural Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 708-716.

Jewkes R, Brown H, Dickson-Tetteh K, Levin J, Rees H. Prevalence of morbidity associated with abortion before and after legalisation in South Africa. BMJ 2002; 324: 1252-1253.

Johnson BR, Ndhlovu S, Farr SL, Chipato T. Reducing unplanned pregnancy and abortion in Zimbabwe through postabortion contraception. Stud Fam Plann 2002; 33: 195-202.

Johnson-Hanks J. The lesser shame: abortion among educated women in southern Cameroon. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 1337-1349.

Langer A. El embarazo no deseado: impacto sobre la salud y la sociedad en América Latina y el Caribe. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2002; 11: 192-204.

Ahiadeke C. Incidence of induced abortion in southern Ghana. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 96-101, 108.

Bhuiya A, Aziz A, Chowdhury M. Ordeal of women for induced abortion in a rural area of Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: 281-290.

Strickler J, Heimburger A, Rodriguez K. Clandestine abortion in Latin America: a clinic profile. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 34-36.

Thapa S, Padhye SM. Induced abortion in urban Nepal. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2001; 27: 144-147, 151.

Althaus FA. Work in progress: the expansion of access to abortion services in South Africa following legalization. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 84-86.

Cohen SA. Abortion politics and U. S. population aid: coping with a complex new law. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 137-139, 145. 165

Varkey SJ. Abortion services in South Africa: available yet not accessible to all. Int Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 26: 87-88.

Role of midwives and traditional birth attendants

Shankar A, Sebayang S, Guarenti L, Utomo B, Islam M, Fauveau V, Jalal F. The village-based midwife programme in Indonesia. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1226-1229.

Achadi E, Scott S, Pambudi ES, Makowiecka K, Marshall T, Adisasmita A, Deviany PE, Ronsmans C. Midwifery provision and uptake of maternity care in Indonesia. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12(12): 1490-1497.

Fronczak N, Arifeen SE, Moran AC, Caulfield LE, Baqui AH. Delivery practices of traditional birth attendants in Dhaka slums, Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2007; 25(4): 479-487.

Salako AA, Daniel OJ. Identifying the training needs of traditional birth attendants. Trop Doct 2007; 37(1): 6-10.

Berry NS. Kaqchikel midwives, home births, and emergency obstetric referrals in Guatemala: contextualizing the choice to stay at home. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(8): 1958-1969.

Ekanem AD, Udoma EJ, Utsalo SJ. Bacterial contamination of women in labor supervised by traditional birth attendants. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 92(2): 126-127.

Geller SE, Adams MG, Kelly PJ, Kodkany BS, Derman RJ. Postpartum hemorrhage in resource-poor settings. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2006; 92(3): 202-211.

Sibley LM, Sipe TA. Transition to skilled birth attendance: is there a future role for trained traditional birth attendants? J Health Popul Nutr 2006; 24(4): 472-478.

Walsh LV. Beliefs and rituals in traditional birth attendant practice in Guatemala. J Transcult Nurs 2006; 17(2): 148-154.

Chatterjee P. Cambodia tackles high maternal mortality. Lancet 2005; 366: 281-282.

Fatmi Z, Gulzar AZ, Kazi A. Maternal and newborn care: practices and beliefs of traditional birth attendants in Sindh, Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 2005; 11: 226-234.

Jokhio AH, Winter HR, Cheng KK. An intervention involving traditional birth attendants and perinatal and maternal mortality in Pakistan. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 2091-2099 pp [+ 2047-2048].

Prata N, Mbaruku G, Campbell M, Potts M, Vahidnia F. Controlling postpartum hemorrhage after home births in Tanzania. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2005; 90: 51-55.

166 van Roosmalen J, Walraven G, Stekelenburg J, Massawe S. Integrating continuous support of the traditional birth attendant into obstetric care by skilled midwives and doctors: a cost-effective strategy to reduce perinatal mortality and unnecessary obstetric interventions [editorial]. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 393-394.

Buttiëns H, Marchal B, De Brouwere V. Skilled attendance at childbirth: let us go beyond the rhetorics. Trop Med Int Health 2004; 9: 653-654.

Harvey SA, Ayabaca P, Bucagu M, Djibrina S, Edson WN, Gbangbade S, McCaw-Binns A, Burkhalter BR. Skilled birth attendant competence: an initial assessment in four countries, and implications for the Safe Motherhood movement. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2004; 87: 203-210.

Hussein J, Bell J, Nazzar A, Abbey M, Adjei S, Graham W. The skilled attendance index: proposal for a new measure of skilled attendance at delivery. Reprod Health Matters 2004; 12(24): 160-170.

Sibley L, Sipe TA, Koblinsky M. Does traditional birth attendant training improve referral of women with obstetric complications: a review of the evidence. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 1757-1768.

Abioye-Kuteyi EA, Elias SO, Familusi AF, Fakunle A, Akinfolayan K. The role of traditional birth attendants in Atakumosa, Nigeria. J R Soc Promot Health 2001; 121(2): 119-124.

Bergström S, Goodburn E. Les accoucheuses traditionnelles et la réduction de la mortalité maternelle. In: De Brouwere V, Van Lerberghe W, editors. Réduire les risques de la maternité: stratégies et évidence scientifique. Antwerp: ITGPress, 2001: 83-103. (Van Lerberghe W, Kegels G De Brouwere V, editors. Studies in Health Services Organisation & Policy; 18). [ITM Library: UWE/17392] [Available from: http://www.itg.be/itg/shsop ] de Bernis L, Dumont A, Bouillin D, Gueye A, Dompnier JP, Bouvier-Colle MH. Maternal morbidity and mortality in two different populations of Senegal: a prospective study (MOMA survey). BJOG 2000; 107: 68-74.

Selepe HL, Thomas DJ. The beliefs and practices of traditional birth attendants in the Manxili area of KwaZulu, South Africa; a qualitative study. J Transcult Nurs 2000; 11(2): 96-101.

167 CHILD HEALTH AND CHILD HEALTH CARE

Child health determinants and - interventions

Baqui AH, El Arifeen S, Darmstadt GL, Ahmed S, Williams EK, Seraji HR, Mannan I, Rahman SM, Shah R, Saha SK, Syed U, Winch PJ, Lefevre A, Santosham M, Black RE. Effect of community-based newborn-care intervention package implemented through two service-delivery strategies in Sylhet district, Bangladesh: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371(9628): 1936-1944.

Countdown 2008 Equity Analysis Group. Mind the gap: equity and trends in coverage of maternal, newborn, and child health services in 54 Countdown countries. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1259-1267.

Greco G, Powell-Jackson T, Borghi J, Mills A. Countdown to 2015: assessment of donor assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health between 2003 and 2006. Lancet 2008; 371(9620): 1268-1275.

Roth DE, Caulfield LE, Ezzati M, Black RE. Acute lower respiratory infections in childhood: opportunities for reducing the global burden through nutritional interventions. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(5): 356-364.

Shah A, Faundes A, Machoki M, Bataglia V, Amokrane F, Donner A, Mugerwa K, Carroli G, Fawole B, Langer A, Wolomby JJ, Naravaez A, Nafiou I, Kublickas M, Valladares E, Velasco A, Zavaleta N, Neves I, Villar J. Methodological considerations in implementing the WHO global survey for monitoring maternal and perinatal health. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(2): 126-131.

Brown H. Who cares for baby? BMJ 2007; 335(7624): 798-800.

Kandala NB, Ji C, Stallard N, Stranges S, Cappuccio FP. Spatial analysis of risk factors for childhood morbidity in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77(4): 770-778.

Kerber KJ, de Graft-Johnson JE, Bhutta ZA, Okong P, Starrs A, Lawn JE. Continuum of care for maternal, newborn, and child health: from slogan to service delivery. Lancet 2007; 370(9595): 1358-1369.

Pakenham-Walsh N. Supporting those responsible for the health care for children in the developing world: CHILD2015. J Child Health Care 2007; 11(3): 170-173.

Stenberg K, Johns B, Scherpbier RW, Tan-Torres Edejer T. A financial road map to scaling up essential child health interventions in 75 countries. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(4): 305-314.

Allen CW, Jeffery H. Implementation and evaluation of a neonatal educational program in rural Nepal. J Trop Pediatr 2006; 52(3): 218-222.

Berhane Y. Development projects to improve maternal and child health: assessing the impact. PLoS Med 2006; 3(4): 466-467.

168 Boyle MH, Racine Y, Georgiades K, Snelling D, Hong S, Omariba W, Hurley P, Rao-Melacini P. The influence of economic development level, household wealth and maternal education on child health in the developing world. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(8): 2242-2254.

Croghan TW, Beatty A, Ron A. Routes to better health for children in four developing countries. Milbank Q 2006; 84(2): 333-358.

Harpham T, De Silva MJ, Tuan T. Maternal social capital and child health in Vietnam. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60(10): 865-871.

Hatt LE, Waters HR. Determinants of child morbidity in Latin America: a pooled analysis of interactions between parental education and economic status. Soc Sci Med 2006; 62(2): 375-386.

Narayan Prasad A. Disease profile of children in Kabul: the unmet need for health care. J Epidemiol Community Health 2006; 60(1): 20-23.

Powell-Jackson T, Borghi J, Mueller DH, Patouillard E, Mills A. Countdown to 2015: tracking donor assistance to maternal, newborn, and child health. Lancet 2006; 368(9541): 1077-1087.

Sepúlveda J, Bustreo F, Tapia F, Rivera J, Lozano R, Oláiz G, Partida V, García-García L, Valdespino JL. Improvement of child survival in Mexico; the diagonal approach. Lancet 2006; 368(9551): 2017-2027.

Singh S, Bohler E, Dahal K, Mills E. The state of child health and human rights in Nepal. PLoS Med 2006; 3(7): 948-952 [e203].

Belli PC, Bustreo F, Preker A. Investing in children's health: what are the economic benefits? Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 777-784.

Rudan I, Lawn J, Cousens S, Rowe AK, Boschi-Pinto C, Tomaskovic L, Mendoza W, Lanata CF, Roca-Feltrer A, Carneiro I, Schellenberg JA, Polasek O, Weber M, Bryce J, Morris SS, Black RE, Campbell H. Gaps in policy-relevant information on burden of disease in children: a systematic review. Lancet 2005; 365: 2031-2040.

Tan-Torres Edejer T, Aikins M, Black R, Wolfson L, Hutubessy R, Evans DB. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for child health in developing countries. BMJ 2005; 331: 1177-1180.

169 Bhutta AZ, Gupta I, de'Silva H, Manandhar D, Awasthi S, Hossain SMM, Salam MA. Maternal and child health: is South Asia ready for change? BMJ 2004; 328: 816-819.

Checkley W, Gilman RH, Black RE, Epstein LD, Cabrera L, Sterling CR. Effect of water and sanitation on childhood health in a poor Peruvian peri-urban community. Lancet 2004; 363: 112-118.

OMS. Un nouveau modèle pour la survie de l'enfant en Afrique: initiative polyvalente de santé publique au Togo. Relevé Epidémiol Hebdom 2004; 79: 459-460.

Patel V, Rahman A, Jacob KS, Hughes M. Effect of maternal mental health on infant growth in low income countries: new evidence from South Asia. BMJ 2004; 328: 820-823.

Siddiqi S, Haq IU, Ghaffar A, Akhtar T, Mahaini R. Pakistan's maternal and child health policy: analysis, lessons and the way forward. Health Pol 2004; 69(1): 117-130.

Thapar N, Sanderson IR. Diarrhoea in children: an interface between developing and developed countries. Lancet 2004; 363: 641-653.

WHO. A new model for child survival in Africa: four combined health actions for children in Togo. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2004; 79: 459-460.

Bicego G, Rutstein S, Johnson K. Dimensions of the emerging orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa. Soc Sci Med 2003; 56: 1235-1247.

Bustreo F, Harding A, Axelsson H. Can developing countries achieve adequate improvements in child health outcomes without engaging the private sector? Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 886-895.

Imbert P, editor. Mère et enfant en milieu tropical. Méd Trop 2003; 63: 345-544.

Knowledge into action for child survival. Lancet 2003; 362: 323-327.

Nachem B. Community health programs for infants and children in Mexico. Home Health Care Manag Pract 2003; 15(5): 416-422.

Orne-Gliemann J, Perez F, Leroy V, Newell ML, Dabis F. Une décennie de recherche sur la santé de l'enfant dans les pays en développement. Cah Santé 2003; 13: 69-75.

Osrin D, Mesko N, Shrestha BP, Shrestha D, Tamang S, Thapa S, Tumbahangphe KM, Shrestha JR, Manandhar MK, Manandhar DS, Standing H, De L AM. Implementing a community-based participatory intervention to improve essential newborn care in rural Nepal. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2003; 97: 18-21.

Shrimpton R. Growth monitoring: past achievements and future challenges. Mera 2003; 7(Suppl.): 3-5.

Victora CG, Wagstaff A, Armstrong Schellenberg J, Gwatkin D, Claeson M, Habicht JP. Applying an equity lens to child health and mortality: more of the same is not enough. Lancet 2003; 362: 233-241.

Waters H, Hatt L, Peters D. Working with the private sector for child health. Health Pol Plann 2003; 18: 127-137.

170 Bickler SW, Rode H. Surgical services for children in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 829-835.

Blaise P, Kegels G, Criel B. Child-centred care in African health care systems: why is there so little of it? and what can be done? In: Kolsteren P, Hoerée T, Perez-Cueto E A, editors. Promoting growth and development of under fives; proceedings of the International Colloquium, Antwerp 28, 29, 30 November, 2001. Antwerp: ITMPress, 2002: 200-221. [ITM Library: UXT/17731]

Chakraborty S, Frick K. Factors influencing private health providers' technical quality of care for acute respiratory infections among under-five children in rural West Bengal, India. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 1579-1587.

Dabis F, Newell ML, Orne-Gliemann J, Perez F, Coutsoudis A, Leroy V, Coovadia H. Improving child health: an appraisal of the role of research. In: Kolsteren P, Hoerée T, Perez-Cueto E A, editors. Promoting growth and development of under fives; proceedings of the International Colloquium, Antwerp 28, 29, 30 November, 2001. Antwerp: ITMPress, 2002: 354-372. [ITM Library: UXT/17731]

Francois I, Tonglet R, Compaore H, Daoudongar Djimrassengar H, Kima S, Kabore E, Dramaix M, Hennart P. A randomized trial for the evaluation of a new model of routine child health care in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso: the effects of changing patterns and attitudes of the health staff. In: Kolsteren P, Hoerée T, Perez-Cueto E A, editors. Promoting growth and development of under fives; proceedings of the International Colloquium, Antwerp 28, 29, 30 November, 2001. Antwerp: ITMPress, 2002: 327-340. [ITM Library: UXT/17731]

Osrin D, Tumbahangphe KM, Shrestha D, Mesko N, Shrestha BP, Manandhar MK, Standing H, Manandhar DS, De L AM. Cross sectional, community based study of care of newborn infants in Nepal. BMJ 2002; 325: 1063-1066.

Ratsivalaka M. Promoting growth and development of under-fives; SEECALINE, world programme in Madagascar. In: Kolsteren P, Hoerée T, Perez-Cueto E A, editors. Promoting growth and development of under fives; proceedings of the International Colloquium, Antwerp 28, 29, 30 November, 2001. Antwerp: ITMPress, 2002: 274-281. [ITM Library: UXT/17731]

Roberts E. Improving child health in Myanmar. In: Kolsteren P, Hoerée T, Perez-Cueto E A, editors. Promoting growth and development of under fives; proceedings of the International Colloquium, Antwerp 28, 29, 30 November, 2001. Antwerp: ITMPress, 2002: 299-309. [ITM Library: UXT/17731]

Walker N, Schwartländer B, Bryce J. Meeting international goals in child survival and HIV/AIDS. Lancet 2002; 360: 284-289.

Wasunna A, Mohammed K. Morbidity and outcome of low birthweight babies of adolescent mothers at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J 2002; 79: 539-542.

Letaief M, Soltani MS, Ben Salem K, Bchir A. Epidémiologie de l'insuffisance pondérale à la naissance dans le Sahel tunisien. Santé Publique 2001; 13: 359-366.

Nolan T, Angos P, Cunha AJLA, Muhe L, Qazi S, Simoes EAF, Tamburlini G, Weber M, Pierce NF. Quality of hospital care for seriously ill children in less-developed countries. Lancet 2001; 357: 106-110.

171 Victora CG, Barros FC, Vaughan JP. The impact of health interventions on inequalities: infant and child health in Brazil. In: Leon DA, Walt G, editors. Poverty, inequality and health; an international perspective. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001: 125-136. [ITM Library: SOD/16888]

Bhutta ZA. Why has so little changed in maternal and child health in south Asia? BMJ 2000; 321: 809-812.

Health care seeking behavior and utilization of child health services

Waters HR, Hatt LE, Black RE. The role of private providers in treating child diarrhoea in Latin America. Health Econ 2008; 17(1): 21-29.

Chen CS, Liu TC, Lin HC, Tian WH. The effect of Taiwan's national health insurance on infants' preventive care use and inpatient care use. Health Pol 2007; 80(3): 432-443.

Deressa W, Ali A, Berhane Y. Maternal responses to childhood febrile illness in an area of seasonal malaria transmission in rural Ethiopia. Acta Trop 2007; 102(1): 1-9.

Hoa NQ, Öhman A, Stalsby Lundborg C, Chuc NTK. Drug use and health-seeking behavior for childhood illness in Vietnam; a qualitative study. Health Pol 2007; 82(3): 320-329.

Houéto D, d'Hoore W, Ouendo EM, Hounsa A, Deccache A. Fièvre chez l'enfant en zone d'endémie palustre au Bénin: analyse qualitative des facteurs associées au recours aux soins. Santé Publique 2007; 19(5): 363-372.

Suci E. Child access to health services during the economic crisis: an Indonesian experience of the Safety net program. Soc Sci Med 2006; 63(11): 2912-2925.

Audo MO, Ferguson A, Njoroge PK. Quality of health care and its effects in the utilisation of maternal and child health services in Kenya. East Afr Med J 2005; 82: 547-553.

Pokhrel S, Hidayat B, Flessa S, Sauerborn R. Modelling the effectiveness of financies policies to address underutilization of children's health services in Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 338-344.

Seiber EE, Hotchkiss DR, Rous JJ, Berruti AA. Maternal and child health and family planning service utilization in Guatemala: implications for service integration. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 279-291.

Taffa N, Chepngeno G. Determinants of health care seeking for childhood illnesses in Nairobi slums. Trop Med Int Health 2005; 10: 240-245.

Taffa N, Chepngeno G, Amuyunzu-Nyamongo M. Child morbidity and healthcare utilization in the slums of Nairobi, Kenya. J Trop Pediatr 2005; 51: 279-284.

172 Baxerres C, Le Hesran JY. Recours aux soins en cas de fièvre chez l'enfant en pays Sereer au Sénégal: entre contrainte économique et perception des maladies. Sci Soc Santé 2004; 22(4): 5-21.

Chen L, Yang WS, Lee SD, Chang HC, Yeh CL. Utilization of well-baby care visits provided by Taiwan's National Health Insurance Program. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 1647-1659.

Gething PW, Noor AM, Zurovac D, Atkinson PM, Hay SI, Nixon MS, Snow RW. Empirical modelling of government health service use by children with fevers in Kenya. Acta Trop 2004; 91: 227-237.

Gordon AJ, Yoder PS, Camara M. Signs of illness, treatment, and support for young children in Guinea: a prospective community study. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2004: 46 pp.

Mohan P, Iyengar SD, Martines J, Cousens S, Sen K. Impact of counselling on careseeking behaviour in families with sick children: cluster randomised trial in rural India. BMJ 2004; 329: 266-269.

Pokhrel S, Sauerborn R. Household decision-making on child health care in developing countries: the case of Nepal. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 218-233.

Thind A. Health service use by children in rural Bihar. J Trop Pediatr 2004; 50: 137-142.

Uzochukwu BSC, Onwujekwe OE, Akpala CO. Community satisfaction with the quality of maternal and child health services in Southeast Nigeria. East Afr Med J 2004; 81: 293-299.

Dilip TR. Utilisation of reproductive and child health care services: some observations from Kerala. J Health Manag 2002; 4(1): 19-30.

Infant and child mortality

For country data on infant and child mortality check the Measure DHS website or their Demographic and Health Surveys. [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/ ]

Similar data can be found in the annual UNICEF “State of the World’s Children” reports or on the UNICEF website at: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/index.html

Ronsmans C, Chowdhury ME, Alam N, Koblinsky M, Arifeen SE. Trends in stillbirths, early and late neonatal mortality in rural Bangladesh: the role of public health interventions. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2008; 22(3): 269-279.

Edward A, Ernst P, Taylor C, Becker S, Mazive E, Perry H. Examining the evidence of under-five mortality reduction in a community-based programme in Gaza, Mozambique. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101(8): 814-822.

Hale L, DaVanzo J, Razzaque A, Rahman M. Why are infant and child mortality rates lower in the MCH-FP area of Matlab, Bangladesh? Stud Fam Plann 2006; 37(4): 281-292.

Perry H, Cayemittes M, Philippe F, Dowell D, Dortonne JP, Menager H, Bottex E, Berggren W, Berggren G. Reducing under-five mortality through Hôpital Albert Schweitzer's integrated system in Haiti. Health Pol Plann 2006; 21(3): 217-230.

173 Sepúlveda J, Bustreo F, Tapia F, Rivera J, Lozano R, Oláiz G, Partida V, García-García L, Valdespino JL. Improvement of child survival in Mexico; the diagonal approach. Lancet 2006; 368(9551): 2017-2027.

Ali M, Asefaw T, Byass P, Beyene H, Pedersen FK. Helping northern Ethiopian communities reduce childhood mortality: population-based intervention trial. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 27-33.

Martines J, Paul VK, Bhutta ZA, Koblinsky M, Soucat A, Walker N, Bahl R, Fogstad H, Costello A. Neonatal survival: a call for action. Lancet 2005; 365: 1189-1197.

Perry HB, Ross AG, Fernand F. Assessing the causes of under-five mortality in the Albert Schweitzer Hospital service area of rural Haiti. Rev Panam Salud Pública 2005; 18: 178-186.

Becher H, Müller O, Jahn A, Gbangou A, Kynast-Wolf G, Kouyaté B. Risk factors of infant and child mortality in rural Burkina Faso. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 265-273.

OMS. Un nouveau modèle pour la survie de l'enfant en Afrique: initiative polyvalente de santé publique au Togo. Relevé Epidémiol Hebdom 2004; 79: 459-460.

Shandra JM, Nobles J, London B, Williams JB. Dependency, democracy, and infant mortality: a quantitative, cross-national analysis of less-developed countries. Soc Sci Med 2004; 59: 321-333.

WHO. A new model for child survival in Africa: four combined health actions for children in Togo. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2004; 79: 459-460.

Balk D, Pullum T, Storeygard A, Greenwell F, Neuman M. Spatial analysis of childhood mortality in West Africa. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2003: 44 pp. (DHS Geographic Studies; 1).

Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? Lancet 2003; 361: 2226-2234.

Bryce J, El Arifeen S, Pariyo G, Lanata CF, Gwatkin D, Habicht JP. Reducing child mortality: can public health deliver? Lancet 2003; 362: 159-164.

Darmstadt GL, Lawn JE, Costello A. Advancing the state of the world's newborns. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 224-225.

Dow WH, Schmeer KK. Health insurance and child mortality in Costa Rica. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 975-986.

Hinderaker SG, Olsen BE, Bergsjo PB, Gasheka P, Lie RT, Kvale G. Perinatal mortality in northern rural Tanzania. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 8-17.

Katz J, West KP, Khatry SK, Christian P, LeClerq SC, Kimbrough Pradhan E, Ram Shrestha S. Risk factors for early infant mortality in Sarlahi district, Nepal. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 717-725.

Klingenberg C, Olomi R, Oneko M, Sam N, Langeland N. Neonatal morbidity and mortality in a Tanzanian tertiary care referral hospital. Ann Trop Paediatr 2003; 23: 293-299.

Macassa G, Ghilagaber G, Bernhardt E, Diderichsen F, Burström B. Inequalities in child mortality in Mozambique: differentials by parental socio-economic position. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 2255-2264.

174 Mahy M. Childhood mortality in the developing world; a review of the evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Calverton: ORC Macro, 2003: 60 pp. (DHS Comparative Reports; 4).

Perry HB, Shanklin DS, Schroeder DG. Impact of a community-based comprehensive primary healthcare programme on infant and child mortality in Bolivia. J Health Popul Nutr 2003; 21: 383-395.

Shrimpton R. Preventing low birthweight and reduction of child mortality. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2003; 97: 39-42.

Straughn HK, Goldenberg RL, Tolosa JE, Daly S, de Codes J, Festin MR, Limpongsanurak S, Lumbiganon P, Paul VK, Peedicayil A, Purwar M, Sabogal JC, Shenoy S. Birthweight-specific neonatal mortality in developing countries and obstetric practices. Int J Gynecol Obstet 2003; 80: 71-78.

Wu Z, Viisainen K, Wang Y, Hemminki E. Perinatal mortality in rural China: retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2003; 327: 1319-1322.

Zupan J. Perinatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries; a global view. Méd Trop 2003; 63: 366-368.

Andersson T, Berhane Y, Wall S, Högberg U. The impact of neonatal mortality on subsequent survival in rural Ethiopia. Ann Trop Paediatr 2002; 22: 25-32.

Armstrong Schellenberg JRM, Nathan R, Abdulla S, Mukasa O, Marchant TJ, Tanner M, Lengeler C. Risk factors for child mortality in rural Tanzania. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 506-511.

Bhuiya A, Chowdhury M. Beneficial effects of a woman-focused development programme on child survival: evidence form rural Bangladesh. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 1553-1560.

Duke T, Michael A, Mgone J, Frank D, Wal T, Sehuko R. Etiology of child mortality in Goroka, Papua New Guinea: a prospective two-year study. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 16-25.

Fikree FE, Azam SI, Berendes HW. Time to focus child survival programmes on the newborn: assessment of levels and causes of infent mortality in rural Pakistan. Bull World Health Organ 2002; 80: 271-276.

Gokhale MK, Rao SS, Garole VR. Infant mortality in India: use of maternal and child health services in relation to literacy status. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20: 138-147.

Hadad S, França E, Uchôa E. Preventable infant mortality and quality of health care: maternal perception of the child's illness and treatment. Cad Saúde Pública 2002; 18: 1519-1527.

Kabir Z, Long J. Child mortality rates i rural India: an experience from the Ballabgarh project. J Trop Pediatr 2002; 48: 178-180.

Landmann Szwarcwald C, Lourenço Tavares de Andrade C, Bastos FI. Income inequality, residential poverty clustering and infant mortality: a study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 2083-2092.

Mugisho E, Dramaix M, Porignon D, Musubao E, Hennart P. Evolution des données maternelles et périnatales recueillies en routine entre 1980 et 1998 à la maternité de référence de Rutshuru en

175 République démocratique du Congo. II. décès du nouveau-né et naissances de faible poids. Cah Santé 2002; 12: 252-255.

Szwarcwald CL, Andrade CL, Bastos FI. Income inequality, residential poverty clustering and infant mortality: a study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Soc Sci Med 2002; 55: 2083-2092.

Ahmad OB, Lopez AD, Inoue M. Baisse de la mortalité de l'enfant: nouvelle évaluation. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2001; 4: 73-89.

Berthoud C. Surmortalité maternelle et infantile en Afrique de l'Ouest. Dév Santé 2001; 153: 22-25.

Betrán AP, de Onis M, Lauer JA, Villar J. Ecological study of effect of breast feeding on infant mortality in Latin America. BMJ 2001; 323: 303-306.

Delaunay V, Etard JF, Préziosi MP, Marra A, Simondon F. Decline of infant and child mortality rates in rural Senegal over a 37-year period (1963-1999). Int J Epidemiol 2001; 30: 1286-1293.

Gelband H, Stansfield S. The evidence base for interventions to reduce under five mortality in low and middle-income countries. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH), 2001: 76 pp. (CMH Working Paper Series. WG5; 9).

Kaharuza F, Sabroe S, Scheutz F. Determinants of child mortality in a rural Ugandan community. East Afr Med J 2001; 78: 630-635.

Kramer MS, Victora CG. Low birth weight and perinatal mortality. In: Semba RD, Bloem MW, editors. Nutrition and health in developing countries. Totowa: Humana Press, 2001: 57-69. (Bendich A, editor. Nutrition and Health). [ITM Library: BE/17223]

Ahmad OB, Lopez AD, Inoue M. The decline in child mortality: a reappraisal. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1175-1191.

Brockerhoff M, Hewett P. Inégalités de la mortalité de l'enfant chez des groupes ethniques de l'Afrique subsaharienne. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 3: 29-39.

Brockerhoff M, Hewett P. Inequality of child mortality among ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 30-41.

Folasade IB. Environmental factors, situation of women and child mortality in southwestern Nigeria. Soc Sci Med 2000; 51: 1473-1489.

Hill AG, MacLeod WB, Joof D, Gomez P, Ratcliffe AA, Walraven G. Decline of mortality in children in rural Gambia: the influence of village-level primary health care. Trop Med Int Health 2000; 5: 107-118.

Justesen A, Kunst A. Postneonatal and child mortality among twins in Southern and Eastern Africa. Int J Epidemiol 2000; 29: 678-683.

Rutstein SO. Factors associated with trends in infant and child mortality in developing countries during the 1990s. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1256-1270. 176

Sack DA, Ahmed S, Razzaque A, Chakraborty J, Yunus M. Improved indicators of infant mortality for integrated primary healthcare programmes. J Health Popul Nutr 2000; 18: 61-68.

Wagstaff A. Inégalités socio-économiques et mortalité de l'enfant: comparaison dans neuf pays en développement. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 3: 18-28.

Wagstaff A. Socioeconomic inequalities in child mortality: comparisons across nine developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 19-29.

Malnutrition – child growth

Bhutta ZA, Ahmed T, Black RE, Cousens S, Dewey K, Giugliani E, Haider BA, Kirkwood B, Morris SS, Sachdev HPS, Shekar M. What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival. Lancet 2008; 371(9610): 417-440.

Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, de Onis M, Ezzati M, Mathers C, Rivera J. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet 2008; 371(9608): 243-260 [+179; 180-181; 181-182].

Bryce J, Coitinho D, Darnton-Hill I, Pelletier D, Pinstrup-Andersen P. Maternal and child undernutrition: effective action at national level. Lancet 2008; 371(9611): 510-526 [+ 454-455].

Prentice AM, Gershwin ME, Schaible UE, Keusch GT, Victora CG, Gordon JI. New challenges in studying nutrition-disease interactions in the developing world. J Clin Invest 2008; 118(7): 1322-1329.

Semba RD, de Pee S, Sun K, Bloem MW, Raju VK. Coverage of the national vitamin A supplementation program in Ethiopia. J Trop Pediatr 2008; 54(2): 141-144.

Semba RD, de Pee S, Sun K, Sari M, Akhter N, Bloem MW. Effect of parental formal education on risk of child stunting in Indonesia and Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study. Lancet 2008; 371(9609): 322-328 [+ 280-281].

Streatfield PK, Koehlmoos TP, Alam N, Mridha MK. Mainstreaming nutrition in maternal, newborn and child health: barriers to seeking services from existing maternal, newborn, child health programmes. Maternal Child Nutr 2008; 4(1): 237-255.

Vaidya A, Saville N, Shrestha BP, De L AM, Manandhar DS, Osrin D. Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on children's weight and size at 2 years of age in Nepal: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 371(9611): 492-499 [+ 452-454].

Grantham-McGregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, Glewwe P, Richter L, Strupp B. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet 2007; 369(9555): 60-70.

Heikens GT. How can we improve the care of severely malnourished children in Africa? [perspectives]. PLoS Med 2007; 4(2): 222-225 [e45].

Walker SP, Wachs TD, Gardner JM, Lozoff B, Wasserman GA, Pollitt E, Carter JA. Child development: risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countries. Lancet 2007; 369(9556): 145-157.

177 Zottarelli LK, Sunil TS, Rajaram S. Influence of parental and socioeconomic factors on stunting in children under 5 years in Egypt. East Mediterr Health J 2007; 13(6): 1330-1342.

Enel C, Pinchinat S, Pison G, Simondon KB. Bilan de 24 années de suivi pondéral de nourrissons d'une zone rurale au Sénégal (1969-1992). Cah Santé 2006; 16(2): 97-101.

Faruque ASG, Khan AI, Malek MA, Huq S, Wahed MA, Salam MA, Fuchs GJ, Khaled MA. Childhood anemia and vitamin A deficiency in rural Bangladesh. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2006; 37(4): 771-777.

Gartner A, Maire B, Kameli Y, Traissac P, Delpeuch F. Process evaluation of the Senegal-Community Nutrition Project: an adequacy assessment of a large scale urban project. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(6): 955-966.

Pongou R, Salomon JA, Ezzati M. Health impacts of macroeconomic crises and policies: determinants of variation in childhood malnutrition trends in Cameroon. Int J Epidemiol 2006; 35(3): 648-656 [+ 656-657].

Doocy S, Teferra S, Norell D, Burnham G. Credit program outcomes: coping capacity and nutritional status in the food insecure context of Ethiopia. Soc Sci Med 2005; 60: 2371-2382.

Frost MB, Forste R, Haas DW. Maternal education and child nutritional status in Bolivia: finding the links. Soc Sci Med 2005; 60: 395-407.

Nandy S, Irving M, Gordon D, Subramanian SV, Smith GD. Poverty, child undernutrition and morbidity: new evidence from India. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 210-216.

Penny ME, Creed-Kanashiro HM, Robert RC, Narro MR, Caulfield LE, Black RE. Effectiveness of an educational intervention delivered through the health services to improve nutrition in young children: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 365: 1863-1872 [+1832-1834].

Ashworth A, Chopra M, McCoy D, Sanders D, Jackson D, Karaolis N, Sogaula N, Schofield C. WHO guidelines for management of severe malnutrition in rural South African hospitals: effect on case fatality and the influence of operational factors. Lancet 2004; 363: 1110-1115. de Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E, Frongillo EA, Morris R. Estimates of global prevalence of childhood underweight in 1990 and 2015. JAMA 2004; 291: 2600-2606. de Onis M, Blössner M, Borghi E, Morris R, Frongillo EA. Methodology for estimating regional and global trends of child malnutrition. Int J Epidemiol 2004; 33: 1260-1270.

Mishra V, Roy TK, Retherford RD. Sex differentials in childhood feeding, health care, and nutritional status in India. Popul Dev Rev 2004; 30: 269-295.

Rivera JA, Sotres-Alvarez D, Habicht JP, Shamah T, Villalpando S. Impact of the Mexican program for education, health, and nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children; a randomized effectiveness study. JAMA 2004; 291: 2563-2570.

Deen JL, Funk M, Guevara VC, Saloojee H, Doe JY, Palmer A, Weber MW. Implementation of WHO guidelines on management of severe malnutrition in hospitals in Africa. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 237-243.

Marek T, Ndiaye B. A l'aube du XXIe siècle, nous avons tous les outils pour diminuer la malnutrition en Afrique subsaharienne, le ferons-nous? Cah Santé 2002; 12: 107-111. 178

Tada Y, Keiwkarnka B, Pancharunity N, Chamroonsawasdi K. Nutritional status of the preschool children of the Klong Teoy slum, Bangkok. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2002; 33: 628-637.

Sanghvi U, Thankappan KR, Sarma PS, Sali N. Assessing potential risk factors for child malnutrition in rural Kerala, India. J Trop Pediatr 2001; 47: 350-355. de Onis M, Frongillo EA, Blössner M. Is malnutrition declining? An analysis of changes in levels of child malnutrition since 1980. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1222-1233.

Owor M, Tumwine JK, Kikafunda JK. Socio-economic risk factors for severe protein energy malnutrition among children in Mulago hospital, Kampala. East Afr Med J 2000; 77: 471-475.

Rica AL, Sacco L, Hyder A, Black RE. Malnutrition as an underlying cause of childhood deaths associated with infectious diseases in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ 2000; 78: 1207-1221.

Roy NC. Use of mid-upper arm circumference for evaluation of nutritional status of children and for identification of high-risk groups for malnutrition in rural Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr 2000; 18: 171-180.

Smith LC, Haddad L. Explaining child malnutrition in developing countries; a cross-country analysis. Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2000: 126 pp. (IFPRI Research Reports; 111). [Available from: http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/abstract/111/rr111.pdf]

Smith LC, Haddad L. Overcoming child malnutrition in developing countries; past achievements and future choices. Washington: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 2000: 53 pp. (Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Papers; 30). [ITM Library: BF/17330] [Available from: http://www.ifpri.org/2020/dp/2020dp30.pdf]

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI)

Amorim DG, Adam T, Amaral JJF, Gouws E, Bryce J, Victora CG. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness: efficiency of primary health in Northeast Brazil. Rev Saúde Pública 2008; 42(2): 183-190.

Bishai D, Mirchandani G, Pariyo G, Burnham G, Black R. The cost of quality improvements due to integrated management in childhood illness (IMCI) in Uganda. Health Econ 2008; 17(1): 5-19.

Takada S, Oudavong B, Kuroiwa C. The successes and challenges of the IMCI training course in Lao PDR. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2007; 38(1): 178-187.

Zhang Y, Dai Y, Zhang S. Impact of implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness on improvement of health system in China. J Paediatr Child Health 2007; 43: 681-685.

Tawfik Y, Nsungwa-Sabitii J, Greer G, Owor J, Kesande R, Prysor-Jones S. Negotiating improved case management of childhood illness with formal and informal private practitioners in Uganda. Trop Med Int Health 2006; 11(6): 967-973.

179 Victora CG, Huicho L, Amaral JJ, Armstrong Schellenberg J, Manzi F, Mason E, Scherpbier R. Are health interventions implemented where they are most needed? District uptake of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy in Brazil, Peru and the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ 2006; 84(10): 792-801.

Adam T, Manzi F, Armstrong Schellenberg J, Mgalula L, de Savigny D, Evans DB. Does the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness cost more than routine care? Results from the United Republic of Tanzania. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 369-377.

Arifeen SE, Bryce J, Gouws E, Baqui AH, Black RE, Hoque DME, Chowdhury EK, Yunus M, Begum N, Akter T, Siddique A. Quality of care for under-fives in first-level health facilities in one district of Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 260-267.

Gouws E, Bryce J, Pariyo G, Armstrong Schellenberg J, Amaral J, Habicht JP. Measuring the quality of child health care at first-level facilities. Soc Sci Med 2005; 61: 613-625.

Huicho L, Dávila M, Campos M, Drasbek C, Bryce J, Victora CG. Scaling up Integrated Management of Childhood Illness to the national level: achievements and challenges in Peru. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 14-24.

Lambrechts T, Gamatié Y, Aboubaker S. La bataille inachevée pour la suivie de l'enfant: quel rôle pour la prise en charge intégrée des maladies de l'enfant? Méd Trop 2005; 65: 195-202.

Victora CG, Bryce J, editors. The multi-country evaluation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) effectiveness, cost and impact. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20(Suppl.1): 105 pp.

WHO/CAH. Handbook: IMCI, integrated management of childhood illness. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2005: 163 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2005/9241546441.pdf ]

Amaral J, Gouws E, Bryce J, Madeiro Leite AJ, Alves da Cunha AL, Victora CG. Effect of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) on health worker performance in Northeast-Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública 2004; 20(Supl.2): S209-S219.

Anand K, Patro BK, Paul E, Kapoor SK. Management of sick children by health workers in Ballabgarh: lessons for implementation of IMCI in India. J Trop Pediatr 2004; 50: 41-47.

Armstrong Schellenberg JRM, Adam T, Mshinda H, Masanja H, Kabadi G, Mukasa O, John T, Charles S, Nathan R, Wilczynska K, Mgalula L, Mbuya C, Mswia R, Manzi F, de Savigny D, Schellenberg D, Victora C. Effectiveness and cost of facility-based Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in Tanzania. Lancet 2004; 364: 1583-1594 [+ 1557-1558].

Arrivé E, Perez F, Pierre LMW. Prise en charge intégrée des maladies de l'enfant: l'exemple d'Haïti. Cah Santé 2004; 14: 137-142.

Bryce J, Victora CG, Habicht JP, Vaughan JP, Black RE. The multi-country evaluation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy: lessons for the evaluation of public health interventions. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 406-415.

180 El Arifeen S, Blum LS, Hoque DME, Chowdhury EK, Khan R, Black RE, Victora CG, Bryce J. Integrated management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in Bangladesh: early findings from a cluster-randomised study. Lancet 2004; 364: 1595-1602.

The integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI); 3rd ed. In: Parry E, Godfrey R, Mabey D, Gill G, editors. Principles of medicine in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004: 159-172. [ITM Library: UB/18539]

Lambrechts T, Bahl R, Robinson D, Aboubaker S, Picazo O. The analytical review of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Strategy; final report, November 2003. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO), 2004: 56 pp. [Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2004/9241591730.pdf ]

Tanzania IMCI Multi-Country Evaluation Health Facility Survey Study Group. The effect of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness on observed quality of care of under-fives in rural Tanzania. Health Pol Plann 2004; 19: 1-10.

Wagstaff A, Bustreo F, Bryce J, Claeson M. Child health: reaching the poor. Am J Public Health 2004; 94: 726-736.

Al Fadil SM, Abd Alrahman SH, Cousens S, Bustreo F, Shadoul A, Farhoud S, El Hassan SM. Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses strategy: compliance with referral and follow-up recommendations in Gezira State, Sudan. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 708-716.

Bryce J, El Arifeen S, Pariyo G, Lanata CF, Gwatkin D, Habicht JP. Reducing child mortality: can public health deliver? Lancet 2003; 362: 159-164.

Guiscafré H, Gutiérrez G, Verver H, Palafox M, López A, Martínez H. Quality improvement of integrated child health care management after in-service training for physicians. Fam Pract 2003; 20: 74-76.

Hill Z, Kendall C, Arthur P, Kirkwood B, Adjei E. Recognizing childhood illnesses and their traditional explanations: exploring options for care-seeking interventions in the context of the IMCI strategy in rural Ghana. Trop Med Int Health 2003; 8: 668-676.

Rosales A. Reflections on community IMCI; a proposal for an integrated approach to child health at the community level. Memisa Med 2003; 69: 279-286.

Simoes EAF, Peterson S, Gamatie Y, Kisanga FS, Mukasa G, Nsungwa-Sabiiti J, Wilson Were M, Weber MW. Management of severely ill children at first-level health facilities in sub-Saharan Africa when referral is difficult. Bull World Health Organ 2003; 81: 522-531.

Wammanda RD, Ejembi CL, Iorliam T. Drug treatment costs: projected impact of using the integrated management of childhood illnesses. Trop Doct 2003; 33: 86-88.

181 Benguigui Y. The IMCI strategy in the region of the Americas: impacts on infant mortality, health care quality and child development. In: Kolsteren P, Hoerée T, Perez-Cueto E A, editors. Promoting growth and development of under fives; proceedings of the International Colloquium, Antwerp 28, 29, 30 November, 2001. Antwerp: ITMPress, 2002: 313-326. [ITM Library: UXT/17731]

Factor SH, Schillinger JA, Kalter HD, Saha S, Begum H, Hossain M, Dewitt V, Hanif M, Khan N, Perkins B, Black RE, Schwartz B. Diagnostic et prise en charge des enfants fiévreux à Dhaka (Bangladesh) suivant les directives OMS/UNICEF pour la prise en charge intégrée des maladies de l'enfant. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2002; 6: 94-104.

Khan MM, Saha KK, Ahmed S. Adopting Integrated Management of Childhood Illness module at local level in Bangladesh: implications for recurrent costs. J Health Popul Nutr 2002; 20: 42-50.

Luby S, Zaidi N, Rehman S, Northrup R. Improving private practitioner sick-child case management in two urban communities in Pakistan. Trop Med Int Health 2002; 7: 210-319.

Lulseged S. Integrated management of childhood illness: a review of the Ethiopian experience and prospects for child health. Ethiop Med J 2002; 40: 187-201.

Winch PJ, Leban K, Casazza L, Walker L, Pearcy K. An implementation framework for household and community integrated management of childhood illness. Health Pol Plann 2002; 17: 345-353.

Factor SH, Schillinger JA, Kalter HD, Saha S, Begum H, Hossain M, Dewitt V, Hanif M, Khan N, Perkins B, Black RE, Schwartz B. Diagnosis and management of febrile children using the WHO/UNICEF guidelines for IMCI in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 1096-1105.

Guiscafré H, Martínez H, Palafox M, Villa S, Espinosa P, Bojalil R, Gutiérrez G. Impact d'une unité de formation clinique sur la prise en charge intégrée de l'enfant malade au Mexique. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2001; 5: 88-95.

Guiscafré H, Martínez H, Palafox M, Villa S, Espinosa P, Bojalil R, Gutiérrez G. The impact of a clinical training unit on integrated child health care in Mexico. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79: 434-441.

Kelley E, Geslin C, Djibrina S, Boucar M. Improving performance with clinical standards: the impact of feedback on compliance with the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness algorithm in Niger, West Africa. Int J Health Plann Manag 2001; 16: 195-205.

Kelley LM, Black RE. Research to support household and community IMCI; report of a meeting, 22-24 January 2001, Baltimore, maryland, USA. J Health Popul Nutr 2001; 19: S111-S154.

Rowe AK, Onikpo F, Lama M, Cokou F, Deming MS. Management of childhood illness at health facilities in Benin: problems and their causes. Am J Public Health 2001; 91: 1625-1635.

Tawfik YM, Legros S, Geslin C. Evaluating Niger's experience in strengthening supervision, improving availability of child survival drugs through cost recovery, and initiating training for Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI). BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2001; 1(1): 6 pp.

Boulanger LL, Lee LA, Odhacha A. Traitement dans les centres de santé ruraux au Kenya: coûts projetés des médicaments, calculés conformément aux recommandations OMS/UNICEF pour la prise en charge integrée des maladies de l'enfant (PCIME). Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 2: 189-195. 182

Lambrechts T, Bryce J, Orinda V. Prise en charge intégrée des maladies de l'enfant: synthèse des premières expériences. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 2: 154-166.

Nicoll A. Integrated management of childhood illness in resource-poor countries: an initiative from the World Health Organization. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2000; 94: 9-11.

Oluwole D, Mason E, Costello A. Management of childhood illness in Africa. BMJ 2000; 320: 594-595.

Rowe AK, Hirnschall G, Lambrechts T, Bryce J. Relier les classifications de la prise en charge intégrée des maladies de l'enfant (PCIME) et des systèmes d'information sanitaire (SIS): problèmes et solutions. Bull Organ Mond Santé Rec Articles 2000; 2: 196-202.

Vaccination programs: coverage and impact

For country data on vaccination coverage check the Measure DHS website or their Demographic and Health Surveys. [Available from: http://www.measuredhs.com/ ]

Similar data can be found in the annual UNICEF “State of the World’s Children” reports or on the UNICEF website at: http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/index.html

Chokshi DA, Kesselheim AS. Rethinking global access to vaccines. BMJ 2008; 336(7647): 750-753.

Jahn A, Floyd S, Mwinuka V, Mwafilaso J, Mwagomba D, Mkisi RE, Katsulukuta A, Khunga A, Crampin AC, Branson K, McGrath N, Fine PEM. Ascertainment of childhood vaccination histories in northern Malawi. Trop Med Int Health 2008; 13(1): 129-138.

Suraratdecha C, Venkata Ramana CBS, Kaipilyawar S, Krishnamurthy JVG, Sivalenka S, Ambatipudi N, Gandhi S, Umashankar K, Cheyne J. Cost and effectiveness analysis of immunization service delivery support in Andhra Pradesh, India. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(3): 221-228.

Vivancos R, Martinez R. Performance assessment of the Ugandan National Programme of Immunization in Masindi: analysis of routine data. J Trop Pediatr 2008; 54(1): 62-65.

Wolfson LJ, Gasse F, Lee-Martin SP, Lydon P, Magan A, Tibouti A, Johns B, Hutubessy R, Salama P, Okwo-Bele JM. Estimating the costs of achieving the WHO-UNICEF global immunization vision and strategy, 2006-2015. Bull World Health Organ 2008; 86(1): 27-39.

Akmatov MK, Kretzschmar M, Krämer A, Mikolajczyk RT. Determinants of childhood vaccination coverage in Kazakhstan in a period of societal change; implications for vaccination policies. Vaccine 2007; 25(10): 1756-1763.

Anand S, Bärnighausen T. Health workers and vaccination coverage in developing countries: an econometric analysis. Lancet 2007; 369(9569): 1277-1285 [+ 1238-1239].

Arevshatian L, Clements CJ, Lwanga SK, Misore AO, Ndumbe P, Seward JF, Taylor P. An evaluation of infant immunization in Africa: is a transformation in progress? Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85(6): 449-457.

183 Cui FQ, Gofin R. Immunization coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-23 months in Gansu, China. Vaccine 2007; 25(4): 664-671.

Datar A, Mukherji A, Sood N. health infrastructure & immunization coverage in rural India. Ind J Med Res 2007; 125(1): 31-42.

Schelling E, Bechir M, Ahmed MA, Wyss K, Randolph TF, Zinsstag J. Human and animal vaccination delivery to remote nomadic families, Chad. Emerging Infect Dis 2007; 13(3): 373-379.

Vijayaraghavan M, Martin RM, Sangrujee N, Kimani GN, Oyombe S, Kalu A, Runyago A, Wanjau G. Measles supplemental immunization activities improve measles vaccine coverage and equity: evidence from Kenya, 2002. Health Pol 2007; 83(1): 27-36.

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187 Low birth weight: risk factors and care – kangaroo care

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190 HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOR

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Health care seeking behavior – provider choice

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196 Ager A, Pepper K. Patterns of health service utilization and perceptions of needs and services in rural Orissa. Health Pol Plann 2005; 20: 176-184.

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197 Fourn L, Sakou G, Zohoun T. Utilisation des services de santé par les mères des enfants fébriles au sud du Bénin. Santé Publique 2001; 13: 161-168.

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198 TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

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200 HOSPITALS

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202 URBANIZATION AND URBAN HEALTH CARE

Niakara A, Fournet F, Gary J, Harang M, Nébié LVA, Salem G. Hypertension, urbanization, social and spatial disparities: a cross-sectional population-based survey in a west African urban environment (Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso). Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101(11): 1136-1142.

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204 INFORMATION SYSTEMS

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Macfarlane SB. Harmonizing health information systems with information systems in other social and economic sectors. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83: 590-596.

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207 GLOSSARIES

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