DOCSLIB.ORG

James Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
James Introduction Introduction to James The Author To apprehend who the author of this book would seem on the surface to be a simple process. Like all of the Epistles, save for the book of Hebrews, the name of the person writing the letter is mentioned. With this book, however, the name alone does not point exactly to the author. In the New Testament there are at least two and most think three James’ mentioned. There is James the brother of John the sons of Zebedee who were apostles of the Lord (Matt. 4:21, Mk 1:19; 3:17, Lk 5:10; 6:14, Acts 1:13 et.al). Their mother was Salome (Matt. 27:56, Mark 15:40). There is also another James that is an apostle the son of Alpheus (Matt 10:3, Mk 3:18). His mother was named Mary and he had a brother named Judas or Jude (also Labbeus or Thaddeus) who was also an apostle (Mark 15:40, 47; 16:1, Lk 6:13-16, Acts 1:13). Then there’s a third that most believe is distinct from the other two, namely James “the Lord’s brother” (Gal. 1:19, Matt. 13:55). It seems very evident that James the son of Zebedee did not write this book for he suffered martyrdom very early in the history of the church (Acts 12:1-2). However, there have been scholar’s that have ascribed unto him the authorship of this book. I tend to not believe he is the writer for three reasons: 1) The recipients of this book were the “twelve tribes scattered abroad”. At the time of James’ beheading the gospel was mainly confined to Palestine. Although persecution had certainly already begun it would seem incredible that so many Christians resided outside of Palestine and were in the habit of assembling (James 2:2) that a letter could be written to them. 2) The disciples were commonly called Christians (James 2:7) because James alludes to the profane speaking against this name. The term Christian began in Antioch in Acts 11:26 and “about this time” is when James the brother of John was beheaded (Acts 12:1-2). 3) There seems to have already begun a perverted view of justification by faith that James addresses in this letter that would not seem to fit within the time constraints of James the brother of John being the author. The argument that the letter was written by James the less (Mark 15:40) the Apostle, the son of Alpheus, boils down to the theory that the second Apostle named James, James the less, was the “Lord’s brother” of Galatians 1:19. Here is how that argument is developed: The brothers of Jesus mentioned in Matt. 13:55 are actually cousins. Thus reckoning the word “brethren” in its loosest sense in the Greek, as is done in the Hebrew (Gen.13:8), of near kinsmen. James was the son of Mary (Mark 15:40). Mary is accounted then to be the sister of Mary the mother of our Lord via John 19: 25 “There stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.” In seemingly parallel passages, Mary the mother of James is called out in lieu of “Mary the wife of Clopas”. Matt. 27:56 “ Among which was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of Zebedee’s children.” Mark 15:40 “There were also women looking on afar off: among whom was Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome;” The term “Mary the wife of Clopas” is then attributed to being the mother of James the less and Joses. However, the bible says that the apostle James was the son of Alpheus (Matt. 10:3, Mk 3:18). Most who hold this theory point to the fact that Alpheus and Cleopheus (Clopas) are derived from the same Hebrew name Hhalphi and that this is the same man. The arguments against this theory are as follows: 1. Mary’s sister’s name was Mary. How unusual would this be? Names are used to distinguish one person from another and this seems highly unlikely. 2. It is charged that this theory has its roots from the Roman Catholic Church and was thus created to foster their theory of the perpetual virginity of Mary. 3. That the derivation of Alpheus and Clopheus (Clopas) is too vague. 4. The word “adelphos” means “brother” and a brother is one of the same parent. And that there is a Greek word for cousin “anepsios,” used in Col. 4:10, that could have been used if these four men were Jesus’ cousins. 5. In John 7:5 it states that “ For neither did his brethren believe on him” . This would seemingly cause a problem with James and Jude being brethren to Jesus since the two were apostles. Many of the commentators, including those written by our brethren, conclude that this letter was written by James “the Lord’s brother.” This theory by necessity states that the writers of James and Jude were physical brothers (sons of Mary and Joseph), not the apostles (Acts 1:13). In Matt. 13:55 four brothers are listed “James, Joses (Joseph), Simon, and Judas (Jude)”. (The first and last being the authors of the books that have their name.) Arguments made for this theory are as follows: 1) Paul distinguishes James as “the Lord’s brother” in Galatians 1:19. Why would Paul use such an appellation if he wasn’t literally a brother? Why not just say “James” if he was the apostle James? 2) Paul does seem to differentiate between apostles and the Lord’s brethren. I Cor. 9:5 “ Have we not power to lead about a sister, a wife, as well as other apostles, and as the brethren of the Lord, and Cephas?” Acts 1:14 “And these all continued with one accord in prayer and supplication with the women, and Mary the mother of Jesus and with his brethren.” The negatives to this theory are multiple as well: 1) The scripture says in John 7:5 “ For neither did his brethren believe on him.” When did this change? If this James is someone other than James the apostle then he became a convert after Jesus’ death. Who converted him and when? 2) James has a tremendous amount of influence in the early church, in so much as he is leading the discussion with the Apostles and actually draws the Jerusalem meeting to its final conclusion (Acts 15:13-21). Could a new convert have been, even one who is supposedly related to Jesus, able to wield such command and influence? 3) If Jesus has or was going to have a faithful fleshly brother, why did Jesus command her to go unto John the son of Zebedee’s care from henceforth (John 19:26-27)? 4) The fact that Paul separates “the Lord’s brethren” from the “other Apostles” in I Corinthians 9:5 does not necessarily infer that his brethren, James and Jude, could not be the apostles listed in Acts 1:13, for Cephas (Peter) is also separated from the “other Apostles.” Conclusion: Well who is it? I don’t think anyone can say for sure. The bottom line is that it was written by a brother named James and he was inspired by God to write these things down (II Timothy 3:16-17) If I had to make a stand, I would tenuously stand on the author being James the apostle and that he was a cousin to Jesus. As I explain my reasoning I want the reader to completely understand that much of my reasoning is just that, my reasoning. Here goes: That there appears to be a fleshly brother that comes of such influence out for Galatians 1:19 just doesn’t sit well with me. No where in consistent secular church history do I find any credible evidence that Jesus had fleshly brothers that became Christians and then began to be leaders of the early church on par with the Apostles. In Matthew 13:55 the bible clearly states the “brethren” (brothers), of the Lord were “James, Joses, Simon and Judas” The following just seems too coincidental to me: 1) That two of the Lord’s apostles were named James and Judas (Jude) (Matt. 10:3, Mk 3:18, Lk 6:13-16, Acts 1:13) 2) That their (The apostles) mother’s name is Mary (Matt 27:56, Mk 15:40), and that she has sons named James, Judas and Joses (Matt 27:56, Mk 15:40, 47). It would appear to me that this Mary had three son’s named exactly the same name as the Mother of our Lord if Matt. 13:55 lists actually fleshly brothers. Impossible? No. However it seems to me to be an awful big coincidence in light of other evidence. In John 19:25 some would argue that Jesus’ mother Mary is now added and only two other ladies are mentioned and in the parallel accounts (Matt 27:56, Mk 15:40) there are three ladies mentioned without Mary the Lord’s mother being mentioned. This, they conclude, means that there were four women present and that “his mother’s sister” is actually a fourth woman mentioned but not named. There are a couple of problems with this theory. First, grammatically “his mother’s sister” certainly modifies Mary the wife of Clopas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abraham Prays
    Lesson Preparation 2.0 Abraham Prays Expected Student Outcomes MEMORY VERSE James 5:16 KNOW Abraham prays for Lot’s deliverance from Sodom. GLOSSARY WORDS DO • prayer • sin Students will: • righteous • recount the events of Abraham praying for Lot’s deliverance • contrast positive and negative characteristics to have in prayer • discover two characteristics, humility and persistence, needed MATERIALS for prayer Day 1: • identify people and requests they can pray for • VA 2A Abraham Prays • differentate between needs and wants to ask for in prayer • Rope (Extension) APPLY Day 2: • TM-3 Books of the Bible Students will recognize that God responds to prayer, and they will intercede for others. Day 3: • String or ribbon (Extension) Lesson Outline Day 4: I. Abraham prays for Lot (Gen 18:17–33) • Wrapped gift II. How to pray ( James 4:6–10) • Time Line A. Humility • PP-1 The Patriarchs B. Persistence • Christian magazines (Extension) III. Interceding for others ( James 5:16) IV. God responds to prayer (Gen 18:33, 19:29; Mt 7:7–11) Day 5: A. God gives good gifts • VA 2A Abraham Prays B. God does not always answer the way we expect • BLM 2A Lesson 2 Test TEACHER’S HEART SONGS When a fisherman looks at the wind, the waves, and the clouds and knows Books of the Bible that a storm is brewing, he takes measures to prepare for the hard blow Praying that will surely come to his boat. In life, sometimes you can also look at the circumstances and see storms brewing around you or the ones that are close to you.
    [Show full text]
  • With Perseverance Believers Can Endure Trials, Knowing God Is at Work in All Things
    Session 8 With Perseverance Believers can endure trials, knowing God is at work in all things. JAMES 1:2-15 MEMORY VERSES: JAMES 1:2-3 READ James 1:1-18, First Thoughts (p. 84), and Understand the Context (p. 84). As you read, identify the directives James gave in this passage. Review the Introduction to James (p. 11) and watch the video introduction by James Merritt at Blog.LifeWay.com/ExploretheBible or on the Leader Pack CD-ROM. STUDY James 1:2-15, using Explore the Text on pages 85–89. Underline any statement that functions as a command, directive, or prohibition given by James. Highlight any verses that support the summary statement: “Believers can endure trials, knowing God is at work in all things.” PLAN the group time, looking for a way to help your group be encouraged to memorize Scripture as part of their day. Be prepared to share what works for you. Use the ideas under Lead Group Bible Study (pp. 90–91). Tailor the plans for your group using More Ideas (p. 92) and Leader Extras included on Blog.LifeWay.com/ExploretheBible/Adults. GROW with other group leaders at the Groups Ministry blog (LifeWay.com/GroupMinistry). GATHER the following items: Personal Study Guides. Prepare to display the following Pack Items: PACK ITEM 1 (Map: The First Missionary Journey of Paul); PACK ITEM 2 (Outlines of Galatians; James). Make copies for the group of: PACK ITEM 7 (Handout: Galatians; James Time Line); PACK ITEM 8 (Handout: Memory Verses Bookmark); PACK ITEM 12 (Handout: James, Jesus’ Half-Brother); and PACK ITEM 13 (Handout: Analogies in James).
    [Show full text]
  • The Earliest Magdalene: Varied Portrayals in Early Gospel Narratives
    Chapter 1 The Earliest Magdalene: Varied Portrayals in Early Gospel Narratives Edmondo Lupieri In the early writings produced by the followers of Jesus, Mary Magdalene is connected with key events in the narrative regarding Jesus: his death on the cross, his burial, and his resurrection.1 At first sight, her figure seems to grow in importance through time. Her name and figure, indeed, are completely ab- sent from the oldest extant texts written by a follower of Jesus, the authentic letters of Paul.2 This is particularly striking, since 1 Cor 15:5–8 contains the ear- liest known series of witnesses to the resurrection, but only men are named specifically.3 1 All translations are the author’s. The Greek text of the New Testament is from Eberhard Nestle et al., eds., Novum Testamentum Graece, 27th ed. (Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993). 2 This phenomenon seems to parallel the minimal importance of the mother of Jesus in Paul’s letters. He mentions her only once and indirectly, when stressing that Jesus was born “of a woman” and “under the Law” (Gal 4:4). Besides using her existence to reaffirm the humanity (and Jewishness) of Jesus (for a similar use of a similar expression to describe the humanity of John the Baptist, see Luke 7:28 / Matt 11:11), Paul does not seem to care about who that “woman” was. This does not mean that Paul is particularly uninterested in Mary Magdalene or in Jesus’s mother, but that generally in his letters Paul does not seem to be interested in any detail regarding the earthly life of Jesus or in the persons who were around him when he was in his human flesh (see further n.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fate of the Apostles What Happened to the 12 Disciples and Other Key Leaders of the Early Church? PETER (Aka SIMON Or CEPHAS)
    The Fate of the Apostles What happened to the 12 Disciples and other key leaders of the early church? PETER (aka SIMON or CEPHAS) • A fisherman from Galilee before meeting Jesus • Lived in Capernaum • Bold and Brash • Walked on water with Jesus • Denied knowing Jesus 3 times after his arrest • Went on to preach the Gospel boldly, winning 3000 converts in a day (Acts 2:40-41) PETER’S DEATH • Early church tradition says that Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero around 64 AD • The 2 nd Century apocryphal book Acts of Peter says Peter was crucified upside-down • The altar of the Basilica of St. Peter in Rome is said to be directly over the spot of Peter’s crucifixion Andrew, Brother of Peter • A disciple of John the Baptist who later followed Jesus (John 1:35-42) • Origen wrote that Andrew went on to preach the Gospel in Scythia (Central Eurasia) • The Chronicle of Nestor adds that he preached along the Black Sea and as far north as Kiev • By tradition, he established the See of Byzantium, installing Stachys as its first Bishop • Crucified in the City of Patras in Greece • Tied to a Latin Cross, but later sources claim it was an X-shaped “St. Andrew’s Cross” Matthew (a/k/a Levi) • Tax collector from Capernaum in Galilee • After Jesus’ ascension, Matthew preached to the Jews in Judea, then went on to other countries • Early Muslim sources say he preached in “Aethiopia” (at the Southern end of the Caspian Sea) • Roman Catholic and Orthodox Churches hold to the tradition that Matthew died a martyr’s death.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wisdom of James
    The Wisdom of James The Letter of James, reverberating with themes of biblical wisdom from ancient Israel through the traditions of Jesus and Paul, calls us to be a wise community that walks and talks the “wisdom from above.” Christian Reflection Prayer A Series in Faith and Ethics Scripture Reading: James 1:1-5, 17-27 Meditation James calls wisdom the cause of perfection. He knows that faith is tried and tested in affliction. There is no need to ask God for perfect people. What we need are wise people. This is why he Focus Article: encourages those who want to be on top of their afflictions to ask The Wisdom of James God for wisdom. (Where Wisdom Is Found, Oecumenius (10th Century), Commentary on James pp. 27-37) Reflection What would Christian wisdom look like, and how could we obtain and maintain it, if the conventional views of goodness and the practices of life in the empire around us are corrupt? That is the focus of the Letter of James, written to “the twelve tribes in the Dispersion [diaspora],” a metaphor for faithful disciples who experience life as “exiles, dislocated and marginalized within an alien world because of their faith,” Robert Wall suggests. Those early disciples faced many hardships which could lead them toward joyful confidence and a steady allegiance to God (1:2-3), or “give birth to sin…and to death” (1:14-15). The outcome in each case would depend very much on how one responded to the test and the state of one’s hearts (1:13-14).
    [Show full text]
  • Meet the Disciples Here’S a Synopsis of the Information the Bible Gives Us About the 12 Disciples
    In a scene from the television series “The Chosen,” Jesus (left) meets brothers Andrew (center) and Simon. Meet the disciples Here’s a synopsis of the information the Bible gives us about the 12 disciples. The more you know about them, the more you can relate to their experiences as they followed Jesus. If you’re interested in an extremely creative (and yet biblical) look at the disciples, discover The Chosen television series. The first season is available on YouTube, with more information available at studios.vidangel.com/the-chosen. Simon, called Peter. The only married disciple, at least esus went up on a mountainside according to what we know from the Gospels. His mother-in-law and called to him those he wanted, was healed by Jesus (Mark 1:30). At Caesarea Philippi (Matthew J 16:13ff), Jesus gave Simon the name Peter, which means “Rock.” and they came to him. He appointed It was here that Jesus also referred to Simon as a “son of Jonah,” twelve that they might be with him and in a less complimentary moment, as “Satan!” See Matthew and that he might send them out to 16:23 for the context. The Gospel of Mark is generally thought preach and to have authority to drive to be Mark’s written record of the eye-witness account of Simon out demons. These are the twelve Peter. Simon’s betrayal of Jesus was second only to that of Judas Iscariot. Unlike Judas, Simon lived through the weekend and he appointed: Simon (to whom he was eventually restored into full fellowship (John 21).
    [Show full text]
  • James Sermon Series
    What’s the difference between ‘worldly wisdom’ and Godly wisdom? While worldly wisdom is founded on BITTER ENVY and SELFISH AMBITION, Godly wisdom is evidenced by PURITY & HUMILITY. Today we discover what that looks like in real life. BIG TRUTH: Godly Wisdom is evidenced by PURITY & HUMILITY. James 3:13 (NIV) 13 Who is wise and understanding among you? Let them show it by their good life, by deeds done in the humility that comes from wisdom. The Jewish Audience might have thought about what the Scriptures said about Moses. Numbers 12:3 (NIV) (Now Moses was a very humble man, more humble than anyone else on the face of the earth.) Of course, Jesus is the greatest model of Godly wisdom evidenced by good deeds and humility. Matthew 11:28–29 (NIV) 28 “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. 29 Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. ‘Worldly Wisdom’ James 3:14–16 (NIV) 14 But if you harbor bitter envy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not boast about it or deny the truth. 15 Such “wisdom” does not come down from heaven but is earthly, unspiritual, demonic. 16 For where you have envy and selfish ambition, there you find disorder and every evil practice. Godly Wisdom James 3:17-18 (NIV) 17 But the wisdom that comes from heaven is first of all pure; then peace-loving, considerate, submissive [ESV open to reason], full of mercy and good fruit, im- partial and sincere.
    [Show full text]
  • James Study Guide
    Community Groups DISCOVER | CONNECT | SERVE “Let us hold unswervingly to the hope we profess, for he who promised is faithful. 24And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds. 25Let us not give up meeting together, as some are in the habit of doing, but let us encourage one another – and all the more as you see the Day approaching.” – Hebrews 10:23-25 (NIV) Why Community Groups? Because God created us to live life in the context of relationships! A Community Group is an opportunity for you to connect with others as you experience real life-change in your Christian walk. What is a Community Group? A “small group” of 6-10 people who “do life” together as they grow in their love for God, His word, and others. Community Groups encourage folks to take their next step spiritually as they: (1) Discover God and His grace, (2) Connect with others in life- transforming relationships, and (3) Serve the church and the world. Thus, a Community Group is an environment where we are transformed more and more into the image of Jesus Christ (Romans 8:29-30). Our conviction is that “real life-change only happens in the context of biblical community.” In addition to this, a Community Group is also a place for folks to have fun as they celebrate and share life together! Come join us! Our journey begins with a study of the epistle (or letter) to the James. The following Study Guide is intended to immerse you into God’s word so that you will grow closer to Him in the context of life-transforming relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Session 8 - James 4:13 – 5:12 Read – James 4:13-17 Welcome! • What Attitude About Our Plans Is James Targeting Here?
    Engaging God’s Word Open your Bible to James 4:13-5:12. We will read once all together, then ask someone who is willing to read this passage again to your group. Follow along in your own Bible. Discussion Questions: Session 8 - James 4:13 – 5:12 Read – James 4:13-17 Welcome! • What attitude about our plans is James targeting here? Reflect on your week with your group. Did you make space for God this week? Main Points This Session • James talks about “arrogant schemes”. How would you First, keep God in your plans. Second, don’t be so consumed define arrogance? with getting ahead that you hurt others. And finally, live patiently and faithfully, especially in light of Jesus’ return. Intro Question • Do you think it is arrogant to declare your plans without What did you want to be when you were growing up? Share first actually saying the words, “If the Lord wills”? with your group what you wanted to be when you were young and how you shared that desire with others? Did it come true? Have you ever boasted about something that never came about? Share with your group one that you boasted about that you never achieved. • What value do we get from reminding ourselves that our plans ultimately depend on God? • Does that change what we do, or how we do it? Read – James 5:1-6 • How would you describe the tone of this passage? • What analogy does James use in verse 7? • Who is James addressing in this section? • Have you ever planted a vegetable garden? How long does it seem to take from when you first plant the seeds to when you get to bring in the
    [Show full text]
  • Palm Sunday-Cycle B
    PALM SUNDAY-CYCLE B The Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ. The priest and/or readers proclaim the Passion according to St. Mark. Speakers in Passion Narrative are represented by these abbreviations: N. – Narrator V. – Voice † – Christ C. – Crowd N. The Passion of our Lord Jesus Christ according to Mark The Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread were to take place in two days’ time. So the chief priests and the scribes were seeking a way to arrest him by treachery and put him to death. They said, C. “Not during the festival, for fear that there may be a riot among the people.” N. When he was in Bethany reclining at table in the house of Simon the leper, a woman came with an alabaster jar of perfumed oil, costly genuine spikenard. She broke the alabaster jar and poured it on his head. There were some who were indignant. C. “Why has there been this waste of perfumed oil? It could have been sold for more than three hundred days’ wages and the money given to the poor.” N. They were infuriated with her. Jesus said, 1 †. “Let her alone. Why do you make trouble for her? She has done a good thing for me. The poor you will always have with you, and whenever you wish you can do good to them, but you will not always have me. She has done what she could. She has anticipated anointing my body for burial. Amen, I say to you, wherever the gospel is proclaimed to the whole world, what she has done will be told in memory of her.” N.
    [Show full text]
  • Women with Jesus at the Cross and the Tomb Bible Study
    Women with Jesus at the Cross and the Tomb Bible Study [Please provide : musical accompaniment; Bibles, hymnals, and copies of the Bible study for attendees.] Beginning with Ash Wednesday and for 40 days following, we are in the period of the church year called Lent. It is a time to remember the suffering, death, and burial in preparation for the resurrection of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. As we approach and journey through Lent, let us focus on the women who were present when Jesus was crucified on Calvary and later at His tomb. Let us begin with prayer : Lord Jesus Christ, be with us as we study Your Word, meditating upon those women who were near You at the cross and the tomb. In Your holy name. Amen. Sing “When I Survey the Wondrous Cross” LSB 425 or 426, TLH 175, LW 114 or 115 I. Standing Near the Cross – read John 19:25-27 • Four women are mentioned: o Mary, the mother of Jesus o His mother’s sister – tradition holds this is Salome, mother of James and John, the sons of Zebedee o Mary, the wife of Clopas – the only time she or Clopas are mentioned o Mary Magdalene The women took a risk by being present at the cross. It took courage for them to stand there in the midst of the hatred and ridicule. Their attendance was intended to encourage Jesus. Jesus’ mother, Mary, is experiencing what Simeon had predicted years before in Luke 2:35. As she stood there, her grief must have been nearly unbelievable.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 & 2 Peter and Jude (Macarthur New Testament Commentary)
    Table of Contents 1 Peter 2 Peter & Jude 1 PETER MOODY PUBLISHERS/CHICAGO Contents CHAPTER PAGE Preface vii Introduction to 1 Peter 1 1. The Elements of Election (1 Peter 1:1–2) 13 2. The Believer’s Eternal Inheritance (1 Peter 1:3–5) 29 3. Salvation Joy (1 Peter 1:6–9) 39 4. Salvation’s Greatness (1 Peter 1:10–12) 49 5. The Believer’s Response to Salvation (1 Peter 1:13–17) 61 6. The Wonder of Redemption (1 Peter 1:18–21) 71 7. Supernatural Love (1 Peter 1:22–25) 87 8. Desiring the Word (1 Peter 2:1–3) 95 9. Spiritual Privileges—Part 1:Union with Christ and 103 Access to God (1 Peter 2:4–5) 10. Spiritual Privileges—Part 2:Security in Christ, 119 Affection for Christ,Election by Christ,and Dominion with Christ (1 Peter 2:6–9b) 11. Spiritual Privileges—Part 3:Separation to Christ, 127 Possession by Christ,Illumination in Christ,Compassion from Christ,and Proclamation of Christ (1 Peter 2:9c–10) 12. Godly Living (1 Peter 2:11–12) 135 13. Submission to Civil Authority (1 Peter 2:13–17) 143 14. Submission in the Workplace (1 Peter 2:18–21a) 155 15. The Suffering Jesus (1 Peter 2:21b–25) 165 16. Winning an Unsaved Spouse (1 Peter 3:1–7) 175 17. Living and Loving the Good Life (1 Peter 3:8–12) 185 18. Securities Against a Hostile World (1 Peter 3:13–17) 195 19. The Triumph of Christ’s Suffering (1 Peter 3:18–22) 205 20.
    [Show full text]