Popponesset & Group

Baseline Conditions & Needs Assessment What is the 208 Plan? Clean Water Act Section 208

The Commission was The Commonwealth directed to update the provided $3 million to 1978 Plan fund the project Focus on 21st Century Problems

Growth & Nitrogen: Phosphorus: Title 5 Saline Waters Fresh Waters Limitations

Nitrogen Removal Required

Approach to the 208 Plan Update

Watershed Maximize Benefits Based of Local Planning Stakeholder No Optimal Engagement Solutions

Goal: To generate a series of approaches in each watershed that will meet water quality standards Four Regions Four Regions What is the stakeholder process? Public Meetings Watershed Working Groups

Goals, Technology Affordability, Baseline Watershed Work Plan Options Financing Conditions Scenarios & Roles Review

July August September October December

208 Planning Process Public Meetings Watershed Working Groups

Goals, Technology Affordability, Baseline Watershed Work Plan Options Financing Conditions Scenarios & Roles Review

Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Advisory Board Board Board Board Board RLI RLI RLI RLI

TAC TAC TAC Tech Tech Tech Tech Panel Panel Panel Panel July August September October December

RLI Regulatory, Legal & Institutional Work Group

Technical Advisory Committee of TAC Water Protection Collaborative 208 Planning Process Baseline Conditions

11 Working Group Meetings: Sept 18-27

208 Planning Process Technology Baseline Options Conditions Review 11 Working 11 Working Group Meetings: Group Meetings: Sept 18-27 Oct 21-Nov 5

208 Planning Process Technology Baseline Watershed Options Conditions Scenarios Review 11 Working 11 Working 11 Working Group Meetings: Group Meetings: Group Meetings: Sept 18-27 Oct 21-Nov 5 Dec 2-11

208 Planning Process Baseline Conditions

11 Working Group Meetings: Sept 18-27 Goal of Today’s Meeting:

To review and develop shared understanding of the characteristics of these watersheds, the work done to date, existing data and information available, and how to apply all of this to planning for water quality improvements for these watersheds moving forward.

208 Planning Process Local Progress to Date

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay Barnstable: 1970-2013

From 1978 Section 208 Plan The major 208 concern for Barnstable is the protection of its The present Hyannis treatment plant has the necessary public water supply wells. capacity to handle all sewer service area needs in Hyannis. Should the town want to expand the collection system The Planning Board appears to be interested in water supply beyond these sewer service areas, 201 funds will not be protection as indicated by its recent zoning proposals. The available for these expansions or for an additional treatment coordination of town boards and the water utilities is plant. essential to the success of this effort in Barnstable. The need for collection system expansion in the Hyannis Possible consolidation of the water utilities or some formal area should be carefully considered in assessing the plant's coordinative mechanism should be seriously considered to ability to accept wastewater from Yarmouth since the insure efficient and effective protection of the town's water Hyannis treatment plant cannot be expanded beyond its resources. present capacity. While the town is presently constructing an expansion of the The town should consider, in the near future, entering into a sewage treatment plant and collection system with EPA 201 201 facilities plan to resolve the present Category 2 problem funds, it has not addressed all of the wastewater areas possibly through decentralized solutions. management problem areas in the town. Additional 201 facilities planning must be carried out to demonstrate a The 201 study and efforts of town board should address the sewer need exists under present EPA criteria. coastal water quality problems of the town, particularly Lewis Bay. Certain problem areas are included as future phases of the sewer collection system expansion in the "Sewer Service Areas" delineated in the 208 plan and would be eligible for 201 funding assistance. Section 208 Areawide Title 5 of State Sanitary Plan for Cape Cod Code goes into effect for Approved regulation of on‐site wastewater systems. Upgrade WPCF to secondary and hook‐up U.S. Clean Water Act CCPEDC Designated of Barnstable Village Approved Section 208 Planning with 4.2 MGD capacity Agency

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 19,842 POPULATION CHANGE: (+55.72%) 30,898 Barnstable: 1970-2013

1st NPC ‐ Project Scope for an expanded WWFP Project, Secondary Clarifier

Three Bay Nitrogen Evaluations MEPA Scoping of EIR

Design and Environmental Construction of Notification Form (ENF) Aeration System & Biological Process Modifications

WWFP Plan of Study Two short sewer extension projects Wastewater Facililities Plan Begins Town‐wide started Cape Cod Community Wastewater College Wastewater Facility Plan Planning Evaluations

1980 1986 1990 1992 1995 1998 2000 30,898 CHANGE: (+32.53%) 40,949 CHANGE: (+16.78%) 47,821 Barnstable: 1970‐2013

MEP Report ‐ Three Bays (shared embayment)

Lake Wequaquet Sewer MEP Report ‐ Rushy Design Marsh 2nd Notice of Project Change defers WW 5th Notice of Project alternative analysis until Change to construct MEP reports. new Main Street pump station. NPC submitted because more than three years had MEP Report ‐ 4th Notice of Project passed and MEP Change to install Rte. needed to be Popponesset 132 force main to addressed. connect CCCC, develop (shared sand filter beds at embayment) McManus. NPC and resulting Draft Wastewater Secretary’s 3rd Notice of Facilities Plan (DEIR) Certificate limiting Project Change for recommendations of facility Nutrient Management WWFP to the AOCs. improvements Plan Project Scope expansion to 4.2 MEP Study: Centerville mgd treatment River

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 47,821 CHANGE: (‐5.50%) Barnstable: 1970-2013

Phase I Stewarts Creek Authorized Final Wastewater Facilities Plan, (FEIR) Board of Health adopts Interim regulation for Protection of Saltwater Final Comprehensive , limits septic Wastewater Facilities Cape Cod flows for new Plan Commission residential DRI Decision development. + NMP MEPA Scope + MEP Report ‐ Lewis Certificate on Adaptive Nutrient Bay (shared Waste Water Man Plan for Management embayment) Facilities Plan WPCF Plan Project Scope Updated

2007 2008 Barnstable: 1970-2013

Town Council rejects Wequaquet Lake ($42 Million) and Stewarts Creek ($3.3 million) projects. Special Election to reverse Stewarts Creek Project fails on turnout New West Main threshold. Street Pump Special Board of Health Station approved. Wastewater BALLOT expands Interim $9,000,000 Revenue Fund QUESTION: regulation for First Citizens Advisory from Local Borrowing Protection of Option Authorization Town Council Receipts for Saltwater Estuaries, Revote, Committee meeting limits septic flows Authorized. Wastewater/Roa authorizes Phase ds Infrastructure for new commercial II Stewarts Creek, development. Marstons Mills program $3,300,000 WWTF 50% defeated. Discharge Betterment Permit Policy Adopted.

2009 2010 2011 45,193 Barnstable: 1970-2013

EENF CWMP Submitted

MEPA Certificate on Needs Assessment EENF Report approved

Dedicated Wastewater 30‐year Sewer Alternatives Assessment Betterment legislation Revenue Fund from Local approved. Option Receipts Approved. 2011 2012 2013 From 1978 Section 208 Plan Falmouth's difficulties with sewer system planning and Falmouth construction have a 30 year history. It is strongly recommended that the town appoint a water quality advisory committee. A survey of residents and potential sewer users was conducted in the summer of 1978 to determine whether they would be willing to pay for sewers. The DWPC ordered the town to take immediate action to complete a facility plan for or to begin construction of sewers in downtown Falmouth. Town meeting voted on September 27, 1978 to appropriate additional funds to complete a facility plan for both Woods Hole and Falmouth Village. The plan recommended that DWPC not prosecute the town as long as it is moving in a positive direction towards completion of a comprehensive plan. The plan also recommended that if town meeting action is not taken expeditiously on the final plan recommendations, the DWPC and DEQE should pursue regulatory actions. The health agent for the town has stated that there are critical Cost: $168,625 town built problems with on‐ site system failures and Title 5 enforcement, Woods Hole sewer both within and outside of, proposed sewer service areas. A maintenance pumping program should be implemented as part of the facility plan. Parts of Woods Hole sewered, Great Harbor Sewer plan fails at The town of Falmouth adopted the first Watershed Protection ocean outfall pipe town meeting, District bylaw on Cape Cod. installed $500,000, (30% to be covered by grants).

1947 1949 1957 1970 Falmouth: 1947-2013

Title 5 of State Sanitary Code goes into effect for regulation of on‐site wastewater systems. Funds approved to complete a facility plan for Woods Hole and Falmouth Village. Section 208 Areawide Plan for Cape Cod Approved

Waquoit Bay and its surrounding environs were designated an ACEC

Collection system and original treatment plant approved, $21.6M (90% grants) U.S. Clean Water Act CCPEDC Designated Approved Section 208 Planning Agency

1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 15,942 POPULATION CHANGE: (+48.29%) 23,640 Falmouth: 1947‐2013

Heights/Maravista Title 5 amended sewering fails at town meeting, $3 million (estimated) Previous CWMP

Great Harbor ocean outfall pipe discontinued New Silver Collection system Wastewater constructed for 1) Woods Management Plan Hole; (2) Main Street; (3) Falmouth Beach; and (4) Wastewater the Davis /Inner USEPA required all states Facilities Plan Harbor area identifies Phase II to submit strategies for areas. completing TMDLs within 8 to 13 years

1980 1983 19861990 1995 1998 2000 23,640 CHANGE: (+16.81%) 27,960 CHANGE: (+18.27%) 32,660 Falmouth: 1947‐2013

MEP Report ‐ Great (shared embayment), Green and Bournes Ponds

MEP Report ‐ Oyster Pond Upper Cape Regional Water Supply Cooperative approved MEP Report ‐ Little Pond

Wastewater Facilities Plan focused on existing MEP Report‐ West collection systems and Falmouth Harbor area‐specific problems. MEP Report ‐ Waquoit Bay East (shared embayment) Wastewater and Nutrient ENF filed describing Management Vision and CWMP process Strategies

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 %) 32,660 POPULATION CHANGE: (‐3.46%) Falmouth: 1947-2013

Completed Needs Assessment, Technology Assessment

CWMP Plan of Study ‐ South Estuarine Watersheds

Needs Assessment ENF filed with MEPA & Cape Cod Commission.

Alternatives Screening and Selection of Article 17: Sewer Recommended Plan design and alternative Needs Assessment ENF demonstration certificate approved projects approved. $2.7 million

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 32,660 MEP Report ‐ Wild Harbor (shared embayment) MEP Report ‐Fiddlers /Rands Harbor Local Order of Conditions (shared embayment) approved for Shellfish Demonstration Project Falmouth: 1947-2013 MEP Report ‐ Waquoit Bay West (shared embayment) Spring TM approved the MEP Report ‐ Quissett funding for final design of Harbor the following:

MEP Report ‐ Falmouth Inner Harbor Fertilizer Bylaw passed with legislative approval Town Meeting votes to evaluate environmental impacts of discharge Little Pond System Design at Site 7, including approved, $5.6 million Crocker Pond

Town Meeting MEPA Certificate issued Adopts Nitrogen AG disapproves fertilizer with comments for Falmouth, Control Bylaw for bylaw as preemepted FEIR/DRI. MassDEP, Buzzards fertilizer Bay Coalition Settlement Agreement over State deems Draft Groundwater CWMP adequate Town installs oysters in Discharge Permit. Little Pond for first year DEIR/DRI filed through Oyster Pond of Demonstration Project MEPA CWMP commenced

2012 2013 From 1978 Section 208 Plan While there does not appear to be any major wastewater The town has been concerned about the condition of recreational management problem areas, pond water quality has been a ponds that have significant development around them, particularly problem of concern to the town for a number of years. Johns and Ashumet Ponds. The town should protect the future water supply development area, Extensive water quality testing has been conducted on Johns Pond, once defined, with a Watershed Protection District. and the town is interested in implementing a Pond Management program. Non‐structural solutions, including careful management of on ‐ site systems, water conservation and innovative options should be It is further suggested that the town adopt a "Great Pond Protection adequate to avoid creation of future sewer needs. District" as part of its zoning by‐laws to begin such a management

Mashpee program. Mashpee is not highly developed and is in an excellent position to plan development and manage subsurface disposal to avoid future The landfill plume may be flowing towards the . If problems. private wells are found to be down gradient there may be a need for town water service to the area. Mashpee should participate in regional septage planning with neighboring towns (Sandwich, Falmouth and Barnstable) to deter‐ mine the most cost‐effective means of disposing of its septic wastes. Sources of Bacterial and Nutrient Contamination CCPEDC Designated in the Mashpee River, Section 208 Planning , and Agency Shoestring Bay –Interim Report Title 5 of State Sanitary Code goes into effect for Town of Mashpee Facility regulation of on‐site Plan (Draft) U.S. Clean Water wastewater systems. Act Approved Section 208 Areawide East Mashpee Plan for Cape Cod Subregional Treatment Approved Facility Environmental Notification Form

1970 1973 1978 1980 1988 1,288 POPULATION CHANGE: (+187.27%) 3,700 POPULATION CHANGE: (+113.08%)

POPULATION: 7,884 (+113.08%) Mashpee: 1970-2013

Nutrient Related Water Quality within the System, Title 5 amended Part I

Feasibility Analysis of Sewer Extension Permit Septage Pretreatment Application Submittal at the MMR WWTF Data – Shoestring Bay Estates Sewage Pump Station

Assessment of Coastal Nitrogen Loading and Mashpee Watershed Nitrogen Management Nitrogen Alternatives: Popponesset Bay (Draft) Management Plan Initiated

Nutrient Management of the Popponesset Bay The Ecology of the System Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve New Seabury Development Project ENF

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 7,884 POPULATION CHANGE: (+64.21%) 12,946 Mashpee: 1970-2013

MEP Report ‐ Waquoit Bay East (shared embayment)

The Neighborhoods of Mashpee Commons DEIR Sewer Modeling and and Final DRI Submittal Preliminary Design Evaluations, Guidance Document and Case Study Report. Upper Cape Regional Water Supply Cooperative approved County creates Cape Cod Water Protection Master Plan for Mashpee Collaborative Commons FEIR/DRI

MEP Report ‐ Three Bays Final Environmental (shared embayment) Impact Report (FEIR) – New Seabury Development Project MEP Report ‐ Popponesset Stormwater Report on (shared Runoff to Mashpee and ENF and Joint Review embayment) Santuit Rivers from Public Process Certificate Ways

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 12,946 POPULATION CHANGE: (+8.19%) Mashpee: 1970-2013

Watershed Nitrogen Management Plan Draft Scenarios Plan

Scientific Peer Review Panel find MEP data adequate for planning purposes.

Scenarios Results for Popponesset Bay and Waquoit Bay based on Technology Screening MEP Linked Models Report Popponesset Bay, & Waquoit Bay (revised) East Watersheds Completed Technology Nitrex Technology MEP Report ‐ Waquoit Assessment Scenario Plan Bay West (shared embayment)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 14,006 From 1978 Section 208 Plan A sewer facilities plan was completed The town health agent should strictly The problem of the State Fish Hatchery for Sandwich in 1978. The plan calls for enforce Title 5 and should seek discharging over half a million gallons of a small outfall into the Cape Cod Canal, additional qualified personnel to fresh water must be addressed by the which now could only be allowed implement the 208 recommended on‐ Department of Fisheries and Wildlife as through a special act of the legislature. site systems management program. recommended in the "Water Conservation" section of the final plan. Should the town fail to act by 1980, a The town has taken progressive steps DEQE investigation of Title 5 violations to increase lot sizes to at least one acre The town should actively participate in should be initiated. in most areas of town. The town has regional solid waste planning to indicated willingness to cooperate with develop a long‐range solution to its A septage treatment facility would not Sandwich the 208 staff in delineating watershed solid waste management problems. provide a comprehensive solution and areas and in adopting Watershed could not be considered to be There has been a serious delay in action Protection Districts. consistent with the 208 plan. Funds on the town's proposed sewer facility should not be made available for the plan and little coordinated participation Wastewater Planning construction of a septage treatment Effort of town boards in the 208 planning facility. program. The town should immediately Title 5 of State Sanitary form a Water Quality Advisory Code goes into effect for Committee. regulation of on‐site wastewater systems.

Section 208 Areawide Plan for Cape Cod Approved U.S. Clean Water Act Approved Scorton Creek ACEC Designation Wastewater CCPEDC Planning Effort Designated Town begins operation of Section 208 septage disposal facility Planning Agency

1960 1966 1970 1972 1975 1978 1980 1990 2,082 (+151.63) 5,239 POPULATION CHANGE: (+66.58%) 8,727CHANGE: (+77.48%) 15,489 Sandwich: 1960‐2013

Town‐owned septage treatment facility closed by DEP The "Three Ponds" DCPC designated, 692‐acres including Lawrence, Title 5 amended Spectacle and Triangle Ponds Nitrogen Loading In Public Water Supply Upper Cape Regional Wastewater Planning Recharge Areas‐ Water Supply Effort Sandwich Cooperative approved

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 15,489POPULATION CHANGE: (+30%) 20,136 Sandwich: 1960‐2013

MEP Report ‐ Popponesset (shared embayment) MEP Report ‐ Fiddlers MEP Report ‐ Great Pond Cove/Rands (Falmouth, shared) Interim Wastewater Harbor (shared Managment Solutions for Selected Sandwich, embayment) Start CWMP Process Economic Growth Areas MEP Report ‐ Wild County creates Cape Cod Harbor (shared Water Protection embayment) Collaborative Scientific Peer Review Panel find MEP data adequate MEP Report ‐ Waquoit MEP Report ‐ Three Bays for planning Bay West (shared (shared embayment) purposes. embayment) Comprehensive MEP Report ‐ Phinney's Water Resource Comprehensive Water Harbor, Eel Pond, Back Management Plan Resources Management River (shared RFP issued Plan Needs Assessment embayment)

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 POPULATION CHANGE: (+2.68%) 20,675 Did we miss anything? Your Watersheds

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay

40.8 square miles 4 Towns Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT, ICCOH, FEMA, CCC Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT, CCC Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT, CCC Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT

The People

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay Total Population (2010) = 25,273

2010 Census Population (2010) 16,000 14,112 14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000 6,164 6,000 4,997 4,000

2,000

- Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay - East Waquoit Bay - West

2010 Census Median Age (2010) 60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay - Waquoit Bay - Barnstable Massachusetts East West County

2010 Census Median Income (2010) $80,000

$70,000

$60,000

$50,000

$40,000

$30,000

$20,000

$10,000

$0 Popponesset Waquoit Bay - Waquoit Bay - Barnstable East West County

American Community Survey Race - % White (2010) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay - Waquoit Bay - Barnstable Massachusetts East West County

2010 Census Seasonal vs. Year Round Housing (2010) 100% Year-Round Seasonal 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay - Waquoit Bay - Barnstable Massachusetts East West County

2010 Census Average Assessed Home Value (2010) $700,000

$600,000

$500,000

$400,000

$300,000

$200,000

$100,000

$0 Popponesset Waquoit Bay - Waquoit Bay - Barnstable Massachusetts Bay East West County

2010 Census Your Government & Taxes

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay Average Single Family Property Tax Bill (2013) $6,000

$5,000

$4,000

$3,000

$2,000

$1,000

$0 Barnstable Falmouth Mashpee Sandwich Barnstable Massachusetts County

MA Dept of Revenue & Town of Barnstable, 2013 Average Annual Water Bill (2012) $600

$500

$400

$300

$200

$100

$0

Tighe & Bond, MA Water Rate Survey, 2012 Average Annual Sewer Bill (2012) $800 $700 $600 $500 $400 $300 $200 $100 $0 Barnstable Falmouth Barnstable County Massachusetts (Towns of: Barnstable, Bourne, Falmouth, and Chatham)

Tighe & Bond, MA Sewer Rate Survey, 2012 The Problem

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay Photo credit: Waquoit Bay Reserve Massachusetts Estuaries Project

• Opportunity for towns to obtain independent analysis of nitrogen loading and it’s impact on water quality

• Provides water quality, nutrient loading, and hydrodynamic information

• Water quality monitoring – minimum of 3 years of data for each embayment

• Watershed model links water quality data to nitrogen loads

Photo credit: Waquoit Bay Reserve Note: Data averaged from existing Massachusetts Estuaries Project Reports

Photo credit: Waquoit Bay Reserve Massachusetts Estuaries Project, Sept 2004

Photo credit: Waquoit Bay Reserve Massachusetts Estuaries Project, May 2012

Photo credit: Waquoit Bay Reserve Sources: MassGIS, MEP, CCC Contour Plot of modeled total nitrogen concentrations (mg/L) in Popponesset Bay, for no anthropogenic loading conditions.

(Source: MEP 2004)

Pre-Colonial Conditions: Popponesset Bay Contour plot of average total nitrogen concentrations from results of the present conditions loading scenario, for Popponesset Bay.

(Source: MEP 2004)

Present Conditions: Popponesset Bay Contour Plot of modeled total nitrogen concentrations (mg/L) in Popponesset Bay, for projected build out loading conditions.

(Source: MEP 2004)

Buildout Conditions: Popponesset Bay Contour plots of modeled total nitrogen concentrations (mg/L) in Waquoit Bay system, for no anthropogenic loading conditions, and bathymetry.

(Source: MEP 2012)

Precolonial Conditions: Waquoit Bay Contour plots of average total nitrogen concentrations from results of the present conditions loading scenario, for the Waquoit Bay system.

(Source: MEP 2012)

Present Conditions: Waquoit Bay Contour plots of modeled total nitrogen concentrations (mg/L) in Waquoit Bay system, for projected build-out loading conditions, and bathymetry.

(Source: MEP 2012)

Buildout Conditions: Waquoit Bay Sources: MassGIS, MEP, CCC Sources: MassGIS Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT, CCC Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT, MassDEP, Barnstable County Community Septic Loan Program, CCC Existing & Proposed Solutions

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT, MassDEP, Barnstable County Community Septic Loan Program, CCC Sources: MassGIS, MassDOT, CCC Framework for Addressing Solutions Moving Forward

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay

All materials and resources for the Popponesset Bay and Waquoit Bay Group will be available on the Cape Cod Commission website:

http://watersheds.capecodcommission.org/index.php/watersheds/upper‐cape/waquoit‐popponesset

Popponesset Bay Waquoit Bay