Life cycle approaches meeting policy development
Brussels, April 2008 Philipp Schepelmann “The Somebody Else's Problem field … relies on people's natural disposition not to see anything they don’t want to, weren’t expecting, or can't explain.”
Douglas Adams: The hitchhiker‘s guide to the galaxy Policy demand
Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) Macro Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Meso Green Public Procurement (GPP) Environmental Technology Action Plan (ETAP) Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) Eco-design of Energy Using Product Directive (EuP) Micro Eco-Label Scheme Methods Proposed in the CALCAS Additional Methods Suggested Description of Work Materials Flow Analysis (MFA) Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) ISO Life Cycle Assessment Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) (LCA) SWOT analysis Life Cycle Costing (LCC) Externe Input-Output Analysis (IOA) Eco-Design Method (EDM) Environmental Input-Output Analysis Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (EIOA) (MCDA) Integrated Hybrid Analysis (IHA) Life Cycle Activity Analysis (LCAA) 30 concepts, Material Input Per Unit of Service (MIPS) Partial Equilibrium Models models and Cumulative Energy Requirements Analysis (Applied e.g. to Energy Systems) (CERA); methods Carbon Footprint Social Accounting Matrices (SAM); Social LCA Total Cost Accounting (TCA) Strategic Environmental Risk Analysis (RA/ERA/HERA) Assessment Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Sustainability Assessment Eco-Efficiency Analysis (EEA) Life Cycle Optimisation Eco-Design Methods (EDM) Sustainable Process Design Product Oriented Environmental Green Accounting Management System (POEMS) Impact 2002+ Environmental Quality Function Deployment (Env-QFD) Energy/Exergy Analysis (EA) Computable General Equilibrium Models (CGEM) Policy demand Political Demand Economic Models Physical Models Macro Thematic Strategy for the Computable General Material Flow Accounting sustainable use of Equilibrium (CGE) (MFA) resources; modelling; Substance Flow Accounting Integrated Product Policy Eonometric Input Output (SFA) Thematic Strategy for modelling Physical Input Output Tables prevention and recycling of (PIOT), waste; Environmental Input Output Analysis (EIOA) Meso Green Public Input Output Analysis Physical Input Output Tables Procurement; (IOA) (PIOT), Environmental Technology Environmental Input Output Action Platform Analysis (EIOA) Life Cycle Technology Assessment (LCTA) Micro Eco-Management and Cost Benefit Analysis ISO-LCA Audit Scheme (EMAS) (CBA) Material Input per Service eco design Unit (MIPS) eco-labelling Science challenge
Deepening and broadening LCA methodologies beyond ISO framework Link to social and economic aspects (sustainability) Link of concepts, methods and models LCA meeting policy demand for deepening and broadening LCA
Consideration of mass and energy conservation principles Development of the ecological scope of LCA Integration of or links to economic aspects Integration of or links to social aspects Assessment of intra- and inter-generational burden-shifting Criteria for deepening and broadening LCA
Integration of or links to cultural aspects Integration of or links to policies and administrative mechanisms Consistency between micro, meso and macro levels Integration of reflexive and participatory methods More simplification More standardisation and adaptation to specific need Policy demand
Sustainable Development Strategy (SDS) Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) Macro Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste Integrated Product Policy (IPP) Meso Green Public Procurement (GPP) Environmental Technology Action Plan (ETAP) Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)
Eco-design of Energy Using Product Directive (EuP) Micro Eco-Label Scheme
EU25 1 year
Resource use (TMR) in tons 22 billon tons
Length of train 8.9 million km
Times around earth 222 Source: Schepelmann et. al. 2006 Competiveness
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10% Percentage of total cost 0% in manufacturing companies Materials & Personnel Other Depreciation, Energy Costs rent
Cost Driver Materials & Energy Cost Driver Personnel
The purchasing price of materials used constitutes 51% Faktor Personnel costs constitute : of total costs. Material throughput causes another 21%. 2-3 : 1 23% of total costs Focus for materials efficiency Focus for Hartz & Rürup ENVIRONMENT Indicator: Material intensity of the economy Domestic (direct) Material Consumption (DMC) divided by GDP (at constant prices, 1995=100) - kg per Euro
18,00
16,00
14,00
12,00
10,00
8,00
6,00
4,00
2,00
0,00
A il 5 5 g k y s l n n s c a d a a y d y n 2 1 ria r d e n e ly a e m li ia ia ia lt n i a ia ia e a a az - - t ur n c nd ta g ru b n ary v n a ni r ni t k US p s o a n ec la I nd pai d do p u o t a la ak e a a a lan rw Br ma nl ra ma re e la rtu e g y t ng v lg ro ur o Ja EU EU n r r S n p u La hu M lov o m T ce Au mb e Fi e G I er Sw C e it Po C I e D F G th Po Ki R Es H L S Sl Bu Ro N x e d u e h N it -L n zec m C iu U lg Be
Sources: DMC database of Wuppertal Institute after several sources; GDP after Eurostat New Cronos database. Note : USA for 1991 1992 2000 Source: Wuppertal Institute 2003 “I am not only convinced that what I am saying is wrong, but also that what can be said against it. Nevertheless, one has to start talking about it. The truth lies in such a topic not in the middle, but around it. It is like a bag, which changes its shape but becomes firmer with each opinion that is stuffed into it!”
Robert Musil (1922): Mann ohne Eigenschaften For more information on resource productivity …
www.ressourcenproduktivitaet.de
http://www.faktor-x.info
http://waste.eionet.eu.int