SFG3800 Public Disclosure Authorized
Republic of Uganda OFFICE OF THE PRIME MINISTER
VULNERABLE AND MARGINALIZED PEOPLE’S ACTION PLAN (VMPP) THIRD NORTHERN UGANDA SOCIAL ACTION FUND Public Disclosure Authorized
FINAL REPORT FEBRUARY 2017 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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Glossary of Terms Community: A group of people living in a geographical area, who share common culture, interests and/or organized in a social structure that exhibits some awareness of common identity. Culture Sum total of the ways in which a society preserves, identifies, organizes, sustains and expresses itself. Disability: Permanent and substantial functional limitation of daily life activities caused by physical, mental or sensory impairment and environmental barriers resulting in limited participation (National Disability Council Act 2003). Exclusion Being left out of the social, cultural, economic and political activities Empowerment: A process that enables people to make their choices, have a say indecision that affect them, initiate actions for development, cause change of attitude and enhance increased consciousness of equal access to and control of resources and services so as to take charge of development opportunities. Equality: Equal opportunity in resource allocation, power, benefits or access to services to all persons irrespective of status or gender Gender: The social and cultural construct of the roles, responsibilities, attributes, opportunities, privileges, status, access to and control over resources as well as benefits between men and women, boys and girls in a given society. Human Rights: Inherent, inalienable and indispensable entitlements that protect every person from abuse and deprivation. Marginalized groups: Persons or groups of persons deprived of opportunities for living a respectable and reasonable life as provided for in the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda 1995 as amended 2005. Older persons: Women and men aged 60 years and above (National Policy for Older Persons, 2009). Orphan: The Ugandan National Orphans and other Vulnerable Policy 2004, defines orphan as a person below 18 years who has lost one or both parents Vulnerable child: A child who is suffering or is likely to suffer abuse or deprivation and is therefore in need of care and protection
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Vulnerability: A state of being in or exposed to a risky situation where a person is likely to suffer significant physical, emotional or mental harm that may result in his/her human rights not being fulfilled
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LIST OF ACRONYMS CBO Community Based Organization. CIG Community Interest Groups CF Community Facilitators CDD Community Demand Driven CDO Community Development Officer CSO Civil Society Organization. CPC Community Procurement Committee CPMC Community Project Management Committee CMGS Community Monitoring Group DEO District Environment Officers LIPW Labour Intensive Public Works LIS Livelihood Investment Support IHISP Improve House Hold Income Support SLP Sustainable Livelihood Pilot STAAC Strengthening Accountability and Anti Corruption SNM Safety Net Mechanism PM Project Management DRF Disaster Risk Financing DVO District Veterinary Officer EOC Equal Opportunities Commission FPIC Free Prior Informed Consultations GOU Government of Uganda IADI IK Agenda Development Initiative IGAD Intergovernmental Action on Development ILO International Labour Organization. IPP Indigenous Peoples Plan IPs Indigenous Peoples IPPF Indigenous People Plan Framework IWGIA International Work Group on Indigenous Affairs M & E Monitoring and Evaluation NGO Non Governmental Organization. NUSAF3 Third Northern Uganda Social Action Fund OP Operational Policy OPM Office of the Prime Minister PDO Project Development Objective. UHRC Uganda Human Rights Commission ULA Uganda Land Alliance UN United Nations. UNESCO United Nations Education scientific & Cultural Organization. UNDRIP United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples UPDF Uganda People’s Defense Forces UWA Uganda Wildlife Authority VPC Village Peace Committee VMPP Vulnerable and Marginalize Peoples Plan WB World Bank. 4 | P a g e
Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...... 6 1.1 Background ...... 6 1.2 Projects Components ...... 6 1.3 Purpose, Objectives and Scope of Marginalized and Vulnerable Peoples Plan ...... 10 1.4 Preparation of the VMPP ...... 11 1.5 Recognition and Situation of IPs/ VMGsin Uganda ...... 12 1.6 Legal Framework ...... 12 2.0 INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN THE PROJECT AREA ...... 13 2.1 Description and Location: ...... 14 2.2 Key IK Issues and Challenges ...... 16 2.3 Potential Interaction of NUSAF3 with Vulnerable and Most Marginaized People (IK) ... 17 2.4 Barriers to Participation ...... 27 3.0 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT, METHODOLOGY AND PROCESSES ...... 31 3.1 Administrative Set Up...... 31 3.2 Social Set Up...... 32 3.3 Demography ...... 32 3.4 Cultural Heritages and Natural Resources ...... 33 3.5 Land Tenure and Ownership in the IK Community ...... 33 3.6 Methodology and processes ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. The above Social assessment was done in three levels as explained in below; ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.0 FREE, PRIOR, AND INFORMED CONSULTATIONS ...... 36 5.0 INDIGENOUS/VULNERABLE AND MARGINALIZED PEOPLES PLAN ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.0 CAPACITY NEEDS ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.0 BUDGET ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.0...... Error! Bookmark not defined. DISCLOSURE ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.0 REFERENCES ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. ANNEX I: Guidelines for Voluntary land donations in CDD projects ...... 49 ANNEXII: Photos of the FPIC and FGDs in Timu Parish Kamion Sub County Kaabong District...... 50 ANNEXIII Agenda and Attendance Sheets for the FPIC Meeting ...... 54
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
The Government of Uganda has received technical assistance from the World Bank to finance Third Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF3) in Uganda. The project preparation is under the overall responsibility of Office of the Prime Minister (OPM), Mainstreamed project in Local Governments and applies Community Demand Driven (CDD) approach for its implementation. The Project Development Objective is to provide effective income support to and build the resilience of poor and vulnerable households in Northern Uganda.
“Effective income support is defined in NUSAF3 as the increase in the value of household assets of beneficiaries of Labor Intensive Public Works (LIPW) and Livelihood Investment Support (LIS)”
“While Resilience refers to as the capacity of households and communities to adapt to a new strategy in the face of shocks and crises”
NUSAF3 aims to support Government of Uganda in ensuring inclusion of poor and the most vulnerable and marginalized population of disadvantaged region in the country’s development process. These include the 56 Districts of Northern Uganda in the eight regions of (Karamoja, Elgon, Teso, Bukedi, Lango, Acholi, West Nile and Bunyoro).
1.2 Projects Components
The four components for which NUSAF3 funds will be focused are detailed below:
1.2.1 Labour-Intensive Public Works and Disaster Risk Financing
Labour-Intensive Public Works and Disaster Risk Financing (LIPW- DRF) component, aim to provide temporary/seasonal employment opportunities for poor and vulnerable households and is scaled up in response to disasters in selected areas. The component has two sub-components:
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1.2.1.1 Labour-Intensive Public Works (LIPW) sub-component
This sub-component will provide beneficiaries from poor and vulnerable households with a seasonal transfer in return for their participation in LIPW that will enable them to sustain and increase their assets and smooth their consumption during lean seasons. This sub-component will also result in the creation of physical assets of value to the local communities. This component will finance: (i) the wages/transfers for the beneficiaries participating in the public works activities; (ii) the equipment, materials, and semi-skilled labor and other inputs necessary to implement the selected LIPW up to the required quality; and (iii) capacity building costs such as the hiring of community facilitators, training and planning workshops. It will also finance unconditional transfers to those targeted poor and vulnerable households that have no adult able-bodied members to participate in LIPW. The LIPW will consist of a variety of labor- intensive sub-projects to create important community assets. These might include rural access roads, tree nurseries, afforestation, the construction of different soil and water conservation (SWC) measures and flood control structures, hand-dug wells, valley tanks, community pond construction, and the construction or rehabilitation of market places. These assets will help the communities to respond to and build resilience against the negative effects of climate change by helping them to diversify risk, enhance their incomes, and build their skills and assets. For example, SWC activities increase land productivity and income, and building roads, market shelters, and pavements will make markets and social services more accessible, while valley tanks, hand-dug wells, and spring development will increase the potable water supply and improve hygiene and sanitation. implementation of this component will include: (i) effective targeting of households according to clear agreed criteria related to poverty and vulnerability implemented using a participatory and transparent geographic targeting will be used to identify the poorest sub-counties and then community-based targeting will be used to select the poorest and most vulnerable households within those communities. (ii) Participatory LIPW planning based on multi-year watershed planning principles and done with clear defined timeframe that will enable the timely implementation of sub-projects; (iii) At least an average of 70 percent labor for the whole PWs allocation, with a minimum of 60 percent labor intensity for access road and valley thanks subprojects, due to the need for more capital inputs to ensure quality of outputs, will be spent on wages (transfers) to participants; and (iv) Flexibility in making payments to allow for both
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daily wages (for tasks such as nursery management) or piece rates (for tasks such as road construction). Each year the annual LIPW plan will be drawn from the multi-year watershed plan, which will continue to consolidate and build on the preceding year’s development efforts and activities in the multi-year watershed plan will include activities that can be scaled up rapidly for funding under DRF resources in the event of a shock.
1.2.1.2 Disaster Risk Financing (DRF) sub-component
The DRF sub-component will be activated following disasters to scale up the LIPW activities temporarily and rapidly to provide additional support to core LIPW clients and or to extend coverage to new beneficiaries. The ability to rapidly scale up LIPW is expected to prevent household consumption from dropping after climatic disasters and to protect their livelihoods and assets, leading to a more rapid post-crisis recovery. While the core LIPW sub-component will be implemented throughout Northern Uganda, the DRF sub-component will be piloted in selected districts to generate adequate evidence on which to base the design of a possible extension of the program to other areas after midterm review. The sub-component will also support the Government in developing the rules governing any scale–up and estimating the financial costs of different options.
1.2.2 Livelihood Investment Support (LIS)
The objective of this component is to increase incomes and the productive assets of targeted poor and vulnerable households in Northern Uganda. This component has two sub components.
1.2.2.1 Improved House hold Income Support Program (IHISP) Sub-component
This sub-component will increase productive assets and in the process improve livelihoods and incomes of targeted households through comprehensive skills development training, provision of livelihood grants and follow up mentoring support. The IHISP will be implemented through Community Interest Groups (CIGs), and will put emphasis one quipping communities with skills in business planning to improve the performance and sustainability of the various income generating sub-projects.
1.2.2.2 The Sustainable Livelihoods Pilot (SLP) sub-component
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The sustainable livelihoods pilot will test an approach to livelihood support that is expected to foster stronger community institutions that can support household livelihood investments beyond the term of a community interest group sub project by focusing on self-help with beneficiaries accessing a village revolving fund rather than receiving grants. The pilot will focus on universal coverage of poor in the target villages while tapping on already existing affinity poor community savings groups and mobilizing and supporting other poor households to form savings groups of their own. Such an approach will not only create stronger community led development, it also has the potential to reach larger numbers of beneficiaries and is more sustainable. The learning from this pilot will help to inform future revisions to livelihood support.
1.2.3 Strengthening Transparency, Accountability and Anti-Corruption (STAAC)
The component will cover activities implemented by the Inspectorate of Government (IG) to improve transparency, accountability, and anti-corruption efforts in Northern Uganda both for NUSAF3 and other services. It will expand and deepen implementation of transparency, accountability and anti-corruption interventions to improve effectiveness in service delivery in project area. The component will introduce implementation of social accountability tools in a more systematic manner to facilitate citizens’ participation in monitoring and providing feedback on project activities and other service delivery in the project area; strengthen existing systems and tools for grievances management at the community level and strengthen functionality of community level committees to support achievement of the component and project objectives.
1.2.4 Project Management (SN- M&PM)
This component has two sub-components:
1.2.4.1 Safety Net Mechanisms sub-component (SNM)
Aim to support the Government to lay the foundation for a sustainable social protection system that is envisioned in the draft Uganda Social Protection Policy. Thus, the sub component will support the Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development to establish and strengthen systems to promote the harmonization of the direct income support elements of the social protection sector such as a national guideline for the implementation of Labour Intensive Public
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works and mechanisms which can support the avoidance of the same households accessing benefits from similar types of interventions.
1.2.4.2 Project Management Sub-Component (PM)
Will support and strengthen the planning and coordination of activities of the project, as well as the monitoring of their implementation. Project coordination and the accountability for project resources are both the responsibility of the Permanent Secretary in the Office of the Prime Minister, with the support of the established NUSAF technical support team (TST). To ensure effective project implementation, this sub-component will support the OPM, relevant sector ministries, and local government staff in coordinating and performing routine monitoring of the project activities. This sub-component will support the operational expenditures related to the management and the monitoring and evaluation of the project
1.3 Purpose, Objectives and Scope of Marginalized and Vulnerable Peoples Plan
This Marginalized and Vulnerable Peoples Plan have been prepared as additional plan alongside ESMF and RPF for the Vulnerable and marginalized groups in the project area. The purpose of the plan is to ensure that the World Bank’s Indigenous Peoples policy is applied to NUSAF3 subprojects. This Plan takes into consideration the IK found in Kaabong District, an ethnic minority which is recognized as a Vulnerable and Marginalized Group in the project area. The IK had not been identified as affected during the project preparation and therefore no assessment had been included in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The Vulnerable and Marginalized Peoples Plan has been prepared to ensure effective inclusion of the Ik. Note: The constitution of Uganda recognizes the IK and other related people as vulnerable and marginalized or ethnic minorities. It was agreed that instead of mixing up the use of IPs in the Uganda understanding, the project will keep to the constitutionally accepted language. Thus necessitating a VMPP.
The scope of this VMPP includes: • The potential positive and adverse effects of NUSAF3 subprojects on Vulnerable and marginalized people
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• A plan for carrying out the social assessment for subprojects • A framework for ensuring free, prior, and informed consultation with the affected Vulnerable and Most Vulnerable Peoples’ communities at each stage of project preparation and implementation • Institutional arrangements including capacity building where necessary for screening Project-supported activities, evaluating their effects on /Vulnerable and vulnerable Peoples, preparing VMPP, and addressing any grievances • Monitoring and reporting arrangements • Disclosure arrangements for VMPP
1.4 Preparation of the VMPP
Following the implementation of NUSAF2 and during the preparation of the NUSAF3 project, the IK were not identified as a risk group but as vulnerable as other groups in Northern Uganda since the NUSAF3 project was hinged in the CDD model where inclusion of all vulnerable categories was critical in the project design and implementation. However, as a requirement by the World Bank under Operational Policy (OP) 4.10 for each project operating in areas inhabited by the Vulnerable and marginalized people (as acceptably referred to un Uganda), the project developed the VMPP to guide the project in implementation of IK activities which are already in the project mainstream activities without depriving these people of their rights.
In writing this report, a thorough review of the World Bank Policy on Indigenous People was conducted to understand the requirements and scope of VMPP preparation. Various reports were reviewed to clearly understand the definitions of vulnerability, marginalization and how to apply the terminologies in Uganda’s context. The ESMF, the RPF and the PAD for NUSAF3 were also consulted to get insights on inclusive requirements that are important in regard the Vulnerable and Marginalized People. Consultations were also done with the assistance of officials from Kaabong district local government and other stakeholders like NGOs, communities etc with a presence in the project areas.
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1.5 Recognition and Situation of VMGsin Uganda
The 1995 Uganda’s Constitution referred to 56 indigenous communities in Schedule 3 and placed the date for determining indignity at 1926. This schedule was recently amended to include other minorities which have sought to assert their right to identity increasing the official number of ethnic groups to 65. Among the 65 ethnic groups, there are a number of groups in Uganda that have been identified as satisfying the Work Bank’s policy for the identification of Vulnerable and Marginalized people in Uganda that include the traditional hunters and gatherers ethnic groups of Batwa communities, also known as Twa and the IK in Kaabong Karamoja. The IK are the only Vulnerable and Most Marginalized people found in the NUSAF3 project area to whom the social assessment and action plan will focus. These people have historically suffered, and continue to suffer disempowerment and discrimination on economic, social and cultural grounds. Their livelihood is threatened mainly by the dwindling access to land and natural resources, on which they depend either as pastoralists or as traditional hunters and fruit gatherers
1.6 Legal Framework
1.6.1 Constitution of Uganda
Although there is no articulated protection for indigenous peoples in the 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Uganda as is in the international standards, Article 32 within the constitution places a mandatory duty on the state to take affirmative action in favor of groups who have been historically disadvantaged and discriminated against. It also permits Parliament of Uganda to enact appropriate laws such as the establishment of an Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC) for the purpose of giving full effect to Article 32.
1.6.2 Other Laws
Other Ugandan laws that recognize the rights of the Vulnerable and Marginalized People include; The Land Act of 1998, the UWA Act, and the National Environment Statute of 1995. They protect customary interests in land and traditional uses of forests by the vulnerable and marginalized people. However, restrictions are also provided for in regards ownership status and
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as well activities allowed in these areas by the government of Uganda, This therefore nullifies full customary land rights of indigenous peoples.
1.6.3 National Land Policy 2011
The new land policy addresses contemporary land issues in Uganda and regarding land rights of ethnic minorities (a term that implicitly refers to Vulnerable Most Marginalized People). The policy provides for Government shall in its use and management of natural resources, recognize and protect the right to ancestral lands of ethnic minority groups. In addition, it also provides that Government shall pay prompt, adequate and fair compensation to ethnic minority groups that are displaced from their ancestral land by government action. Under the policy, Government will take measures among others to pay compensation to those ethnic minorities that have in the past been driven off their ancestral lands for preservation or conservation purposes.
Uganda is a signatory to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples which affirms the right of indigenous peoples to the full enjoyment of the rights guaranteed in the various UN human rights instruments. The Declaration also enumerates a number of rights guaranteed to indigenous peoples which include:
The right to self-determination, which includes the right to autonomy or self-determination in matters relating to indigenous peoples’ internal and local affairs, right to maintain distinct political, legal, economic, social and cultural institutions, right to nationality, right to live as distinct people and not to be subjected to genocide, right not to be forcibly removed from their lands or territories, right to revitalize and practice their culture, right to redress, including restitution of cultural, intellectual, religious and spiritual property taken without prior consent, religion and language related rights, right to education and to establish education institutions tutoring in indigenous languages among others.
2.0 VULNERABLE AND MARGINALIZED PEOPLE IN THE PROJECT AREA
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2.1 Description and Location:
“According to IKADI 2016, The Ik community is a small minority ethnic group in the Morungole Highlands, Kamion Sub County in Kaabong District in Karamoja Sub region in the parishes of Kamion, Timu and Lokwakaramoe near the border with Kenya, along the escarpment between Timu forest in the South and Kidepo National Park on Uganda's northern frontier with Sudan. Kamion Sub-County is located approximately 20kms from Kaabong District headquarters and covers an area of approximately 74 square kms. The Ik are divided into 10 clans (Jigeta, Komokua, Telek, Ngidoza, Ilengik, Kadunkuny, Ngibongorena, Uzet, Nyorobat and Ngibonga). According to the Uganda Bureu of Statistics 2014, the Ik population is estimated at 13,939 people with a fertility rate of about 4%.”
The Ik in the project area are neighbored by the Turkana (living in western Kenya) to the east, Dodoth to the west, the Toposa (living in southern Sudan) to the north and the Napore to the South. They live in several small villages after having been displaced when their land was converted into part of the Kidepo National Park. Their rituals and traditions are centered in the Timu forest which is steadily receding.
“As a result of their location in relation to their neighbors, the Ik are incredibly vulnerable and liable to attacks from both Dodoth and Turkana warriors. They are historically a non-violent people and, as a result, they have become what one report has described as “the archetypal middlemen – unarmed, non-combative and numerically weak”. Their problems mainly arise, both directly and indirectly, from the activities of the Dodoth warriors and suffer from attacks as their crops are stolen. Services are unable to reach them due to the persistent insecurity and their location on top of the escarpment, which further marginalizes them from service access. (CECORE, 2011)”.
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IK settlements in the Escarpment of Timu and Morungole due to periodic drought, the Ik often face famine. The vital relief aid that has targeted the region has often not reached them. In general, the Ik are vulnerable group struggling to maintain their agricultural traditions and rituals amidst increasing poverty, drought, and raiding tribes of Dodoth in Uganda and Turkana in Kenya. The Ik were rejected by most of their agro-pastoral Karimojong neighbors and were left to starve rather than be allowed to join nearby villages. This resulted in the deaths of some Ik and others having to leave the area to become low-wage earners in nearby towns. The Ik (meaning head/first to arrive) acquired the name ‘Teuso’ (meaning poor people, dogs, or those without cattle or guns) from their neighbors after they were evicted from Kidepo National Park (MRGI, 2001). They are marginalized because they practice a culture different from most Karimojong, even their language is different. For example, while the Karimojong marry using cows, they marry with gourds, melons. They still use spears, arrows, etc and are predominantly agriculturalists. While Karimojong boys can marry Ik girls, IK boys are not allowed to marry Karimojong girls”.
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Figure 1 showing the location of IK community in Uganda.
IK in Kamion S/C KaabongDistrict
2.2 Key IK Issues and Challenges
From the consultations made with the Ik community, below is a summary of the key issues and challenges currently faced by the Ik ▪ Surrounded by many neighboring tribes, vulnerable to attacks from Dodoth and Turkana warriors, especially since they are typically known to be a non-violent group of people. ▪ Geographical isolation: frequent famine due to drought, aid that is sent usually doesn’t reach them and is more directed to groups residing in the valley areas.
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▪ Need of services such as better access to education, health care and some sort of protection of their lands to prevent them from raids that add to their losses from the frequent droughts. ▪ Frequently pressured into relocating their communities to the valleys where governmental services are readily available, but want to stay and have a future in their ancestral lands, thus, are in constant fear that they will be forced out of their homeland; ▪ Traditional agriculturalist, the Ik have witnessed the depletion of wild game in their areas due to the widespread use of illegal guns. ▪ The Timu forest in which they reside and also a center for their rituals and traditions is slowly reducing causing gathering methods to be more difficult as well as greatly minimalizing their center for rituals and traditions. ▪ The IK are an indigenous group struggling to maintain their agricultural traditions and rituals amidst growing poverty, drought, and raiding tribes. ▪ The IK have about 12,000 people left which translates to a large advantage in preserving their culture, but are steadily being taken advantage of by raiding tribes. ▪ While they do speak their own native language (Icetot), many Ik have ventured outside of their culture and learned the language of surrounding tribes in order to herd cattle for these groups as a source of employment. ▪ Overall, the IK are caught in the midst of raiding tribes, tourism, and governmental neglect due to their marginalization from the rest of Ugandan civilization
2.3 Potential Interaction of NUSAF3 with the IK 2.3.1Critical Issues
From the field interface and consultations with the IK communities, it was clear that the value that these group of people attach to their lands, territories and resources is important in terms of nature, material, social, cultural, economic, political and spiritual. This relationship is intergenerational and significant to the identity, economic sustainability and survival of these vulnerable and marginalized people as distinct cultural communities with their own world view and spirituality. Without access to their lands, territories and resources, the physical and cultural survival of the Ik can be threatened. In that regard, a number of particular risks are relevant for the type of subprojects supported by NUSAF3:
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Vulnerable and Marginalized Group rights. Particular rights of these People are recognized in international agreements and for World Bank-supported projects by the Bank’s own policy. However, although not very explicit as it is in international agreements and WB policy OP 4.10, the constitution of Uganda to recognizes the rights of the vulnerable and marginalized people and ethnic minorities. Such rights such as access to their land are also recognized in the new 2011 National Land Policy.
Although NUSAF3 project is hinged into the CDD model (involving meaningful consultation and participation, information sharing and community based targeting), implementation of subprojects will involve critical identification of the Ik to benefit from the project as the most vulnerable and marginalized people to recognize their rights in order to minimize any potential adverse effect that may arise due to errors of exclusion.
Loss of culture and social cohesion - Given vulnerable and marginalized Peoples’ distinct cultures and identities and their frequent marginalization from the surrounding society, NUSAF3 interventions may run the risk of imposing changes to or disruption of their culture and social organization, whether inadvertently or not. While these indigenous communities may welcome and seek change, they can be vulnerable when such change is imposed from external forces and when such change is rushed. Moreover, since many indigenous communities’ culture and social organization are intertwined with their land and natural resource use practices, changes to these practices may result in unintended and unexpected changes in culture and social organization which may lead to social disruption and conflicts within and between communities and other stakeholders. This is relevant for all types of subprojects, but particularly for projects that aim to change livelihood and natural resource use practices and access.
In addition to NUSAF 3 mode of implementation of working through Community Interest Groups under LIS and in gangs/groups under LIPW and DRF, there is need for further sensitization on strengthening social cohesion amongst the Ik and as well other adjacent communities with in the project area for project sustainability.
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2.3.2 Project Components with Potential Positive Impacts
Component 1: Labour Intensive Public Works (LIPW) and Disaster Risk Financing (DRF) This sub-component will provide beneficiaries from poor and vulnerable households with a seasonal transfer in return for their participation in LIPW that will enable them to sustain and increase their assets and smooth their consumption during lean seasons. This sub-component will also result in the creation of physical assets of value to the local communities. The DRF sub component under LIPW will allow up scaling of LIPW activities in the event of drought in the project area
Table 1: Labour Intensive Public Works (LIPW) Project Activities Impact on VMPs and Benefit Enhancement Physical soil and Water “During the dry season the Turkana and Dodoth as a result Conservation activities (water ponds, of water and pasture need for their livestock, the only area valley tanks rehabilitation, terraces, they settle is in the Ik. This has resulted to water use gulley checks, spring protection, hand conflict as the Dodoth and Turkana pastoralists share the dug wells, shallow wells construction few available water facilities with the IK and since they are armed, the IK are forced to wait in the queue until all etc) implemented in their watersheds pastoral communities are done with watering their animals”. Thus the CDD interventions on physical soil and water conservation will help the IK ensure their security with availability of alternative water facilities which can meet their needs.
Agro-forestry Technologies and The IK are fruit gathers for nutritional purpose and Practices (woodlot development, hunters. Encroachment by their neighboring nursery establishment, fruit growing communities, has adversely affected gathering and live fencing etc) activities. Therefore, encouraging the Ik to undertake agro-forestry related sub-projects for fruit growing will enhance their nutritional needs and improve apiary. Encouraging hedges/fencing of their areas/homesteads will increase tree planting and guarantee security from intruders Agri- Business related to food The IK are passionate about farming, but limited by security, Medicinal crops, pasture inputs. They grow variety of crops in small plots of growing etc half to an acre for home consumption (without surplus for the market). Investment in this area will enable them to produce for consumption and business in their neighboring communities (the Toposa, Turkana and Dodoth).
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Crops like ginger, Irish potatoes, Passion fruits and bananas besides other traditional crops can be grown in bigger acreage for business Institutional Greening (tree planting Most of their institutions are not fenced like schools’ and greening in institutions health centers etc Investing in institutional greening will enable the IK to add value to their cultural heritages, beautify the land scape and fence them off with life fences and add other ornamental trees. This will boost eco-tourism for cultural sites, such as Lokitoi, Tultul, Kalopeto and the Ik museum. In addition, schools, churches and health centers will be beautified and protected through tree planting. Market infrastructure to be The Ik produce farm crops but they don’t have constructed and Existing markets to display their products and sell merchandise Community Access roads to be like salt sugar etc. Most of them have resorted to rehabilitated batter trade of their food crops at very cheap prices as compared to if the items were displayed in the market.
Market construction for instance in Timu will be of great benefit to the community, attracting traders from outside Kaabong including Turkana. Rehabilitation of exisiting community access roads will ease their movement in and out of their territory, attract tourists who will visit unique and rich cultural valued sites. This will increase revenue to the area
Component 2: Livelihood Investment Support (LIS) The Livelihood Investment Support Component aim is to extend livelihood support to poor and vulnerable households and, by doing so, increase their productive assets and incomes. The LIS component is comprised of an Improved Household Income Support Program (IHISP) and a Sustainable Livelihoods Pilot (SLP)
The IHISP aims to improve the livelihoods and increase the incomes of targeted households in the project area by providing them with comprehensive skills development training, livelihood grants, and mentoring support.
Table 2: Livelihood Investment Support (LIS) Project Activities Impact on VMPs and Benefit Enhancement Livelihood support to existing and This support will allow beneficiaries to enhance and new family enterprises expand their livelihood options by investing in
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agriculture, livestock, fisheries, and agro-processing. Beneficiaries will receive support consisting training in business management, including financial management and marketing, and the provision of a grant to pursue their chosen livelihood option. The Ik communities are farmers, hands on training in farming, agro processing, business skills, marketing, and documentation will help them produce more for commercial with aim for profit making and reinvesting for sustainable livelihood
Small grants to youths to allow them Cash grants will be provided to groups of young to invest in skills training and to people to enable them to invest in skills training and establish small businesses. small businesses, they can choose to practice their trade individually or as a group. The training could include but not limited to tailoring, brick-laying, carpentry and joinery, art and craft making, wood carving, pottery, baking and photography targeting tourist visitors.
Component 3: Strengthening Transparency, Accountability, and Anti-Corruption (STAAC) The STAAC component of NUSAF 3 aims to address grievances and a well prevent fraud in the sub projects implementation.
Table 3: Strengthening Transparency, Accountability, and Anti-Corruption (STAAC) Project Activities Impact on VMPs and Benefit Enhancement Sensitization and awareness of Most of the Ik people are illiterate and more over this targeted communities to prevent time a lot of resources will go into their hands in form misuse of project resources of grants under IHISP and as well money for LIPW.
Continuous Sensitization and awareness on management of sub project funds, money earned from LIPW activities and from their business enterprises, which is planned under STAAC is very critical for this community Enhancing the engagement of citizens and stakeholders The Ik had limited participation in NUSAF2 project due to many factors including accessibility, targeting criteria, limited sensitization etc
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NUSAF 3 is modeled on participatory stakeholders’ engagement including a high level of monitoring. All components including STAAC require transparent community participation and accountability. Community sensitization in area of STAAC will be important more specifically to the Community Monitoring Groups and Community Watershed Committees so that they exercise their roles as required. Enhancement of Community Project The Ik have an internal cultural grievance handling Planning, Implementation and system at community level. However, the scope of monitoring of project activities at all issues handled by these internal structures is limited. levels by the IG and at the community levels by the CMGs Establishing CMGs within the Ik communities within their parishes will ensure that all grievances from the community are efficiently and effectively addressed.
Community Accountability based on The Ik community is highly illiterate and they are not peer pressure and shared exposed to handling big finances. This may expose responsibility them to professional beneficiaries who may take advantage of the Ik ignorance. However, through the planned community accountability activities involving Inspector General monitoring, capacity will be built and transparency developed amongst the Ik.
Component 4: Safety Net Mechanisms and Project Management
Safety net Mechanism sub-component will support the MGLSD in establishing and strengthening systems to promote the harmonization of the direct income support elements of the social protection sector. The Project Management Sub Component will support the operational expenditures related to the management and the monitoring and evaluation of the project
Table 4: Safety Net Mechanisms and Project Management (SNM&PM) Project Activities Impact on VMPs and Benefit Enhancement Mechanisms such as a single registry Will make it possible to prevent the same households of beneficiaries under LIPW from receiving benefits from similar types of interventions by coordinating with other stakeholders in social protection. Establishment of flexible payment Each community sub project funds will be payed to mechanisms for labor-intensive the community bank accounts. The Community public works Project Management Committees will the pick money to pay beneficiaries every two weeks. Payments shall 22 | P a g e
be made using the attendance register. The Village artisans together with Community Facilitators will do verification for all participants and payed according to the number of days worked. Operations cost for Sub County, Community facilitators and Sub County and District District and Community Facilitators Operations to facilitate participatory rural appraisal (PRA) process, sub projects implementation, supervision, monitoring and evaluation of Ik targeted watersheds.
2.3.4 Potential Negative Interactions
Permanent effects – The CDD projects planned aim at supporting beneficiaries on their own land. However, there will be collective beneficiary sub-projects with very limited permanent effects, which may result into an infinite loss of use of property, vegetation, or land by the affected person. This is likely to occur where permanent installations such as Valley Tanks may be established.
Anticipated effects may result where small amounts of land for given sub-projects in Ik communities. This will affect the VMGs whose land is found suitable for some small infrastructures which can translate into either loss of land or crop cover or both, which will be conducted on voluntary land donations at the community level or on basis of willing buyer willing transactions between private parties at the community level. The detail process will be consulted and documented. Note: The main activity for land use among the Ik is subsistence farming dominated by cultivation of crops, bee keeping, hunting wild animals and gathering fruits.
To minimize and avoid land acquisition and displacement of people, the client plans to maximize rehabilitation of existing infrastructure and only create new ones where they are necessary to avoid the need for land acquisition. Where voluntary land donations will be required guidelines will be followed – Annex 1. temporary impacts - temporary impacts will result into an interruption in the current use of property or land by the affected communities or individuals as a result of the subproject
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activities. This is likely to occur during rehabilitation of existing infrastructure especially roads, water points etc. This is likely to affect: i) VMGs that currently use water points and community access roads meant for rehabilitation will be guided on alternative temporary access roads and alternative water points existing within their watersheds ; ii) VMGs especially will temporally leave their domestic works and get engaged on Labour Intensive Public Works (LIPW) activities;
The mitigation measures to the above temporary impacts is for OPM NUSAF3 through kaabong district local government implement the project taking into consideration seasonality and in phases i.e. a) All earth works (rehabilitation of road etc be done during dry season; b) Agro- forestry/ tree planting activities integrated in the farming /planting period; and c) Rehabilitate one set of water points and roads while the others are in use to avoid the need for the VMG to search for alternative water points and sustain accessibility. iii) Potential for Sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDs due to new interactions. This will necessitate continuous sensitization of the beneficiaries on the above including provision of health and safety gears, first aid kits that include condoms, involving existing health providers and services. In addition, the Lead Local Artisans that will work with the communities will have ethical conduct clause in their contract terms particularly on their behaviors requirements while working with the household beneficiaries.
2.3.5 Analysis of NUSAF3 Intervention Risks a) Free Improved House Hold Grant given to communities may create high expectations among recipients that the project will continue to provide grants to the same groups every year till the end of the project period.
To avoid dependency creation, NUSAF3 will continuously build capacity of Community Interest Groups (CIGs) under the Improved Household Support Income Support (IHISP)component with business skills to create self-reliance and grow in business of the beneficiaries. Business plans
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will be developed by beneficiaries on likely and priority business sub projects before receiving a grant. The Community Facilitators selected from the Ik community who are learned will help the groups in taking them through processes. Hands on business training will be availed to the groups by District Commercial Officer and with each CIG composition at least one member who has gone to school and can read and write will be assigned to CIG to ensure records and documents are properly done and kept.
b) Rehabilitation of community infrastructure projects under Labour Intensive Public Works (LIPW) within and shared by different ethnic groups has the ability to achieve peace building goals of increasing interaction and fostering cooperation. Thus it means the rehabilitation of identified infrastructures should be properly scheduled in the community multiyear plan and implemented during the dry seasons when the neghbouring communities who share this resources have gone to look for other sources of water to avoid conflicts. Also digging of new water ponds and or valley tanks should only be done after the old ones have been rehabilitated. undertaken. c) Besides meeting a basic human need, new water points in Ik could have a direct impact on the distribution of livestock and human settlement. If new water point construction does not take into account grazing patterns, it has risk of creating environmental degradation by promoting permanent grazing patterns. Thus there is need for continuous sensitization on the usage of these facilities. Operation and maintenance plans made and water user committees will be selected and trained to ensure use of this reasources are regulated to guarattee their sustainability. d) Best practices emphasize that projects should be based on community-identified priorities. Lack of community ownership for community infrastructure project can result in facilities going unused or being abandoned. Community infrastructure investments completed without local community input face a risk of poor use and maintenance. Previous efforts to upgrade infrastructure especially in Karamoja region in the form of roads, water supplies, have faced challenges to sustainability since projects were implemented in a top-down manner.
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Thus the project will focus on small community infrastructure and water sub-projects that are defined and are agreeable amongst the benefiting communities for sustainability of these investments. d) Increased agricultural production as a form of livelihood diversification and land use may come at the expense of former dry season grazing areas. To ensure that NUSAF3 interventions are conflict sensitive, NUSAF3 will have to cautiously screen the impact of agricultural livelihoods development and rangeland use among groups within communities. This will be critical to reduce the likelihood that expanding agricultural land use will further conflict among groups relying on accessing rangelands.
2.3.6 Recommendations
To avoid and minimize any adverse impacts, enhance benefits, promote meaningful consultation and participation of the VMGs in, NUSAF3 will be based on the following: i) Ensuring that targeting criteria takes into consideration all the Ik as they are all categorized as vulnerable and most marginalized groups in the project area ii) Transparent participatory watershed selection and household targeting with inclusion of all the Ik communities in the selection, design, and implementation processes.
iii) Equity in IPF distribution (Indicative Planning Figures) for all watersheds selected for the Ik community. iv) Carrying out specific project impact assessment on proposed sub projects on the economic and social development of vulnerable and most marginalized people as an integral part of the project cycle. This is done in a transparent process through free and informed participation of the affected communities (Ik). v) Careful screening of activities of all subprojects for a preliminary understanding of the nature and magnitude of potential impacts, exploring alternatives to avoid or minimize any adverse impacts as detailed in the ESMF and RPF; vi) Where alternatives are infeasible and adverse impacts on vulnerable and marginalized people are unavoidable, selected Community Facilitators(CF), Community Development Officers (CDOs) and District Environment Officers (DEOs)
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knowledgeable of the local culture will assess potential impacts/risks and recommend mitigation measures; vii) Continuous and meaningful consultations with the Ik communities, its elders/leaders, civil society organizations like NGOs and CBOs who have experience working with Ik. viii) Training of community-level facilitators in participatory approaches and the vulnerable and marginalized people (Ik) issues to achieve social inclusion ix) All eligible sub-projects will be adapted to the needs and priorities of the Ik and will be developed through consultation with them.
2.4 Barriers to Participation
A lot of barriers to participation in general development activities do exist in the Ik community and this affects participation of various categories as explained in below: 1. Women face the highest risk of exclusion due to cultural biases, attitudes, and social status. They are treated as inferior and socially excluded from decision making and other civic engagements because society accords them little worth. 2. Disabled people face physical barriers that prevent them from taking advantage of the services that may be available in their community, which in turn will make it more challenging for them to participate in the project And are as well victims of social stigma that further limits their opportunities and isolates them. 3. The IK’s remote location in the mountainous parishes of Lokwakalmoi, Kamion and Timu in Kaabong District which is 35km or more difficult to access due to poor roads, leaves them lacking basic services such as health and education. Generations of ethnic discrimination has further exacerbated this isolation, where VMGs communities have not received the same benefits from government as other citizens. .
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2.4.1 Strategy for VMGs Participation
VMGs are usually excluded from accessing basic services because they are not adequately positioned to tap vital development opportunities. Below is the strategy to ensure their inclusion and participation in NUSAF3.
2.4.2 Guidelines for Inclusion The IK are about 6,225 and approximately 1,170 HHs and they live in one sub-county of Kamion in Kaabong District. To ensure inclusivity, the project will target all the HHs and allocate appropriately to benefit from IHISP, LIPW and DRF components following the watershed approach and targeting guidelines for each component. In addition, work for instance in Labour intensive Public Works will be scheduled according to the seasons (dry season activities e.g raising tree nursery, soil and water conservation structures, clearing of the gardens etc and wet season activities such as tree planting, agroforestry etc that can be integrated with farming activites). The projects will all be within the watershed or with the villages. This will allow women participate effectively in LIPW while at the same time perform other HH roles. Work organized in such away enables women also handle certain responsibilities at project level, conflicting family and work roles will be harmonized, women will bring additional income to the family to smoothen HH consumption, enable them acquire basic social services for their HHs and as well enable them save for further re investments on income generating activities for sustainable livelihood. The following steps will be undertaken to ensure no targeting errors are experienced.
i) Awareness creation about the objective of the NUSAF 3 including LIPW within the district, sub-county or parish; ii) Selection of a broad-based committee (Community Watershed Committee) representing the interests of all the IK; iii) Develop criteria at community meeting and consultations for progressive inclusion of the Ik; iv) Discuss Ik inclusive benefits and progressive inclusion in the project in the general assembly;
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v) Monitor the beneficiaries and update the progressive list of beneficiaries on a regular basis and submit updated list to the implementing agency.
2.4.3 Consultation and Mobilization
In order to enhance the positive benefits of the project, there will be adequate consultation and participation of Ik during the project design, generation and implementation to ensure the project adequately deals with their needs, priorities and preferences. In this regard, Consultation and mobilization will be a continuous process and will be carried out during subprojects generation where the participartory rural appraisal will be done by the community with guidance of the Community Facilitators to Identify their needs, prioritize the needs, conduct village resources mapping and vision of change development maps and multiyear plan with key priorities that will be funded under IHISP and LIPW. The same plan will be logically sequenced using the watershed logical approach for sustainable development. Under IHISP continuous weekly meetings by beneficiaries share ideas and progress towards their projects. Consultations will continue in the mplementation phase as communities will receive trainings, every two weeks the LIPW beneficiary HHs will also meet during payments and also save in their groups. Community facilititators together with the CPMCs, CWCs and CMGs will on monthly basis meet to review progress on implementation, problems I dentified and how they were solved and report submitted to the sub county. Sub county and district technical support teams will have consultations with the communities on quarterly basis to monitor progress of implementation and a should have not as well address challenges that might have not been handled at community level.
The above will be achieved through emphasis on appropriately progress selected households; mobilizing and sensitization on how the community manage and sustain the project infrastructures so as to encourage ownership of these investments. Focus will also be put on providing access to information that will enable all community beneficiaries not only to know their rights, demand for services and hold leaders accountable but also fulfill their duties and responsibilities as project stakeholders. It will be critical to train and work together with the
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respective District Community Development Officers, CFs and the CSOs to mobilize the IK to participate in the NUSAF3.
2.4.4 Working with Stakeholders The degree to which NUSAF3 will be able to collaborate, share information, and synthesize efforts will determine the success of NUSAF3 interventions in the proposed project areas. Engaging stakeholders will help NUSAF3 with the IK community to:
• Identify and prioritize community and household development needs and opportunities for integration in design of NUSAF3 subprojects; • Identify potential positive or negative impacts that NUSAF3 may further leverage or help to mitigate; • Encourage community members’ involvement in project generation, implementation, and • Monitoring processes; • Identify and evaluate potential partners to implement the project particularly the business aspects in the LIS component; and • Monitor project impacts and ensure that the project meets community expectations experience of already existing NGOs and other agencies in the project areas will be invaluable to NUSAF3.
“The presence of NGOs like Mercy Corps, International Rescue Committee, and World Vision has helped in the promotion of peace through trainings, group formation and creation of employment for the youth (Ayoo et al. 2013). Mercy Corps is currently involved in training farmer groups in business skills to grow subsistence plots to small-scale commercial farming operations similar to one of the NUSAF3 activities. There is also already an existing agro pastoral farmer’s field school (APFS) managed by FAO in Kaabong District. Therefore, NUSAF3 will create synergy with these NGOs in projects implementation and utilize such existing infrastructure (such as the APFS) for implementation of particular subprojects especially those that require training”.
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3.0 SOCIAL ASSESSMENT, METHODOLOGY AND PROCESSES
The main purpose of the social assessment was to evaluate the project’s potential positive and adverse impacts on the affected VMGs, the Ik in NUSAF 3 Project area. It is also used to inform project preparation to ensure that project activities are culturally appropriate, will enhance benefits to target groups, and is likely to succeed in the given socio-economic and cultural context. In this way, the assessment was done to inform the preparation of the project as well as any particular measures and instruments needed to address issues and concerns related to Indigenous affected by the project. The SA gathered relevant information on Administrative set up, demographic data; social, cultural and economic and political situation; and social, cultural and economic impacts. This is explained below.
3.1 Administrative Set Up The Ik co-exist with other Administrative, Social and political organization and authorities-with Kaabong district council as the highest political authority, followed by the sub-county, parish and villages. The political wing is headed by LCV District Chairperson, LC3 chairperson and LC1 respectively. While the technical teams are headed by the Chief Administrative Officer, Sub county Chief and parish Chiefs. The Ik community has one sub-county of Kamion, three parishes of Kamion, Usaku/ Morungole and Timu and 14 villages. Besides the above, IK also have their own traditional/cultural leadership setting embedded in their nine clans. Each of the nine clans have their clan leader who is incharge of all the administrative issues of the clan inclusive resolving family conflicts. Within the same they also have peace committees comprised of their elders of the highest level whom they refer to as custodians and holders of the culture (Ngikorio and Ngiwapeto) charged with shaping of the behavior of the Ik people and as well this group are charged with development of the guidelines for which the Ik people follow such as guidelines on theft, adultery, killing etc and all these are considered ataboo to any member who commits any of the above offence and are punished by the elders. The clan leaders are also very instrumental in influencing the communities of any development that comes to their areas. For instance, for NUSAF3 they will be very instrumental in guiding the communities on which projects they are to implement etc.
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3.2 Social Set Up
The Ik live in homesteads called “ere” just like other Karimojong. This type of setting enables easy access to and targeting of House Holds to benefit from the project. They inhabit both monogamy and polygamous families with a house hold standard size of 5. Men are more superior to women and their roles are differentiated from women. The men are engaged in harvesting of wild fruits and apiculture, while women roles are to fetch water, cook and garden work. The role of the youth (Karacuna) isn’t defined though during the social assessment they did mention being engaged in farming, and small scale business activities.
3.3 Demography According to (UBOS ,2014) in Kaabong District Local Government Planning Unit, The Ik population is to a tune of 6,225) in number and live on the edge of Karamoja – Turkana region along the Uganda – Kenya border. Despite the highest poverty levels among the Karimojong, deprivation among the IK is even worse. Their remote location in the mountainous parishes of Usaku/Morungole, Lokwakaramoe,Kamion and Timu in Kaabong district, which are difficult to access due to poor roads, leaves them lacking basic services such as quality healthcare, education and other extension services such as agriculture extension etc. NUSAF3 will covertwo watersheds of Loloi with apopulation of about 2,008 (1,030 Male & 978 Female) with atotal of 360 HHs and Kurumo-Kolele watershed with about 2,044 (1,037 male & 1,007 females) with atotal of 373 HHs. To participate in the two components one which is the Labour Intensive Public works that will target 200HHs poor and active households within awatershed who can participate in LIPW within which 10% of that number will be for the persons without able bodied who will earn a direct transfer annually together with selected active participating HHs in regular works. Component two of Improved House Hold Income Support (IHISP)will target about 100-120HHs each year within the watershed with common interest group for income generating enterprise which has business and market and can bring about profits to the group to sustain their livelihoods.This category comprises of HHs of age including youth who can handle business related projects that can anable them save as well and create village revolving fund for sustainable livelihoods.Meanwhile the LIPW sub which is Disaster Risk Financing (DRF) will
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be used to scale up LIPW participants in and outside awatershed in the event of a crisis or shock due to a disaster. Giving an opportunity to all other remaining HHs un targeted under these two main components in the watershed to participate and earn wage in the event of disaster. The scaling will follow a trigger of DRF funds done every year by the DRF team. Information for HHs which will benefit from DRF are in Annex IV under NA.
3.4 Cultural Heritages and Natural Resources The IK community had significant natural cultural sites that include among other; Timu and Morungole Forest reserves, Tultul Valley, Loloi River, Lopuwa River, Kandep River, Kanarukunet River and Kangasep River. Also sacred cultural sites that include Lokitoi Cultural Heritage, Lopuwa and Kanakaret sacred place which the Ik go to worship their gods for rain and in times of crises. Despite of the natural resources availability, the Ik cannot enjoy full rights over these natural resources as the gazetting of the Game Park in 1958 took large portion of their forest now under National Forest Authority Management.
3.5 Land Tenure and Ownership in the IK Community
Over 90% of the IK land is in the forest reserve and this was largely affected by the gazetting of Kidepo National Park and National Forest Authority Reserve -which meant the Ik losing a large portion of their land. The IK occupy areas of Kamion sub-county (Usaku- Morungole, Kamion and Timu parishes) in Kaabong district. The little land left outside the reserve is communally owned and any member of the IK clan is free to cultivate within this land with small size of gardens half to one acre. There are many restrictions by NFA to the community on usage of the reserve, with the only activities allowed being Eco tourism (Community Tourism and Apiary), Tree planting and small scale agricultural activities.
The above Social assessment was done in three levels as explained in below; 3.6 Methodology and processes
3.6 .1 District Level:
Field introductory meetings guided by the safeguards team from Office of the Prime Minister were held with the respective stakeholders at the District level that included, the District
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Executive Committee with Honorable Councilor representing the Ik, Mr. Lomeri John Mark, District Technical Planning Committee members with Senior Assistant Secretary in charge Kamion Sub County Present, NUSAF3 Desk Officer, District Community Development Officer, Environment Officer and as well NFA representative.
3.6.2 Sub County Level:
Led by the NUSAF3 NDO and the Sub County Chief Mr. Lemu Thomas, a number of stakeholders were met including; Sub County Technical Planning Committee Members, and the LC3 council members and Parish chiefs and the cultural leaders. The information regarding the project was presented by the NUSAF3 Desk Officer Dr. Logwe Branda. The NUSAF3 project objectives, the components, the financial mechanisms, safeguards requirements, targeting methods and the theory of change among the project aspects were presented to stakeholders.
3.6.3 Parish Level:
The Parish Chief Lopuwa Rapheal for Timu Parish and the NDO Dr John Branda Logwe led the community discussions with the House Hold Grant officer for the project in charge NUSAF3 present, The Labour Intensive Public Works Officer for Karamoja and the Safeguards Specialist for NUSAF3 project present. The following categories of people were met. 1) The parish councilors, 2) NFA officials, 3) Local Council chairpersons (LC1), 4) The traditional leaders, 5) Parish Chiefs, 6) Cultural leaders, 7) Kraal leaders of the Turkana and Dodoth 8) Community members from the Loloi watershed villages of Kololo, Napopongo, Domok and Tultul and 9) the Foreign Missionary Settlers.
The team presented to the stakeholders the project objective, components and its mode of implementation. They were asked of their views on the project and as well to understand challenges faced by them in regards their livelihoods, their coexistence with other tribes and how the project can address those challenges in regards their livelihoods. With the above engagement, the following methods were employed for more in-depth discussions and that included;
Face-to-face interviews (FFI)
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Together with the Labour Intensive Public Works Officer for Karamoja, House Hold Grants Officer for Karamoja and Safeguards Specialist for the NUSAF3 project. Face to Face Interviews were done to key informants (Traditional Leader, Women Leaders, Youth leaders, political leaders, religious leaders, Kraal leaders of the Dodoth and Turkana with the help of a semi-structured interview guide (focused on areas related to Livelihoods, Public Works, Natural resources management, gender, Marketing, HIV, Child protection and welfare, culture and other socio economic activities by the Ik) were conducted along with community development officers and Community Facilitators for the Ik.
The IK cultural leader (Lomeri John Mark) also informed the teams that thorough sensitization and in-depth understanding of the Ik culture will be important during sub projects generation. Issues of targeting should critically be looked into because polygamy and inheritance of widows is common cultural practice. Targeting errors particularly exclusion of some widows and large families can occur if such issues are not properly understood.
Another cultural issue of concern is the one of “pregnant women not allowed to till in the gardens with a believe that this could stagnate the growth of the crops. In case women in that condition will be targeted under direct conditional transfer (10% HHs without able bodied person) under LIPW component in order to avoid exclusion of this vulnerable category in the project.
Focus group discussions (FGD) This targeted specifically: women, youth, traditional leaders, cultural leaders and PWDs to help enrich the report with a focus on information regards their livelihood and other basic social services. During the FGD discussions with various categories of targeted groups it was noticed that women where fewer than male. The few who attended included the area woman councilor and afew whose homes where near the meeting venue of which some of them were child mothers and very elderly. In addition, also women present did mention that in such meetings they have to seek permission from the men in order to participate as they might mention certain things they are not allowed to by the men which can bring conflicts in the end.
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Observation Method
Observation was applied during the social assessment, many challenges was noticed in the IK project area- and these included: inadequate Education and Health facilities, poor road networks, encroachment on fragile ecosystem by outsiders particularly for massive charcoal burning and trees cut for building and fuel wood. Traditional hoes were also observed to be widely used for tilling the land which couldn’t make the farmers have big acreage for production yet the area has potential for great agricultural production.
4.0 FREE, PRIOR, AND INFORMED CONSULTATIONS
The drafts of outcome of social assessment and measures for VMGs was already presented and discussed in all community meetings. NUSAF3 through its Safeguards Specialist undertook a process of free, prior and informed consultation which was broad based with the Ik including Turkana, Dodoth and Missionaries who live in the Ik land-to inform them about the project and to fully identify their views, to obtain their broad community support to the project, and to develop project Safeguards instruments which is to be disclosed soon.The Ik community and its leadership welcomed and embraced the NUSAF3 project idea and did urgue it is hinged in the CDD model and will directly enable they identify their issues and priorities their interventions and implement with guidance from the district and sub county.
The principle of Free, Prior and Informed Consultation was adhered to during consultation with the Ik as was considered the key process to guarantee meaningful engagement. Step 1, the project objectives were shared to Sub counties and particularly community Development Officers (CDO) who have been working closely with the Ik community. The Community Development Officers then shared the information with the Ik leaders who passed the information to the communities to get ready for discussions with the assessment team. FPIC process formed a beginning point for constructive dialogue for both parties to brain storm poverty, livelihood and natural resources challenges they faced and their key intervention areas to address the challenges.
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Table 5: Matrix Summarizing Issues (social and Livelihood) Issues and Mitigation Measures Discussed During the FPIC GROUP ISSUES PROPOSED MITIGATION WOMEN led by -Early Marriages is a common aspect -HHs with such will be targeted as child Namoe Juliana amongst the Ik as there isn’t any local headed families under the direct transfer Female Councilor Bi-law to protect their little girls. group (un able bodied persons) under LIPW Timu Parish & During the social Assessment, it was component and or targeted under CIGs in Nangole Juliana noticed that such issues may jeopardize IHISP for market oriented enterprises. Child Mother proper targeting of beneficiaries under -School going age girls and other children LIPW in families targeted in NUSAF3 project - Farming is core activities for women will be encouraged to go to school and their but still use rudimentary tools to till attendance will be monitored through their land small plots of gardens, the same end of term report cards and school food produced has been source of attendance registers butter trade between the Ik and the -Food security related enterprises such as Turkana for milk, goats and other Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes cassava and merchandize within their communities. bananas need to be promoted with inputs but lack of capacity in terms of such as ox-traction to open bigger gardens agricultural inputs to enable them open under IHISP big acreage of Land to have surplus for -Fencing costs need to be included in sub such trade. projects costs to protect crops from being - Turkana graze their livestock up to destroyed by the Turkana Livestock. the garden area since they are not - Community Grievance redress mechanism fenced livestock tend to destroy the Ik should be instituted at LCI level to handle gardens which are far (2-3km) from such culprits who drive livestock to Ik their homes farms. And such culprits should pay a fee for such an offence - YOUTH lead by -Most of the youth aren’t in school and - Youth should be targeted in labor related (Lojere Francis idle a lot in the community yet most of and livelihood investment activities in and Youth them have business skills and can do NUSAF3 on activities that exist in their Councilor Ochen farming activities particularly locality, easy to be done and doesn’t require Simon Peter) production of general merchandise lot of technical support such tree planting, vegetable, Irish potatoes growing, fruit farming, apiary, road construction, small growing Apiary and labor intensive scale merchandise etc related works such as construction of roads etc to enable them earn a living and improve their livelihoods PWD (Led by - They are excluded in all - Targeting in NUSAF 3 project to Lopuwa Raphael) programs that come to their area ensure all the PWP of age be due to their inability to targeted in IHISP for those who are participate in physical related able to do business, DRF and LIPW work, yet they can participate for un able bodied under the 10% many other income generating activities such as cereal banking and sale of general merchandize
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RELIGIOUS Their Purpose -Help communities in Skills enhancement in LEADERS/ -Learn the Ik language areas of Education, Health Care and Foreign -After Carry out Community Needs Agriculture development. counterparts Josh Assessment and Luke from -Church Development African Inland Missionaries and German Missions NFA (Mr. Patrick 90% of land area under project is -MOU between District and NFA was Nyeko) owned by NFA. An assessment was signed in June 2016. The current MOU need done on level of forest resource to be reviewed to incorporate all activities depletion to determine what areas to be and to be done by communities in NUSAF3 restored by communities and Looi as it as well aimed at restoration of the watershed was identified as one area. environment using the integrated watershed management approach by communities. Copy of MOU should be availed at NUSAF3 for monitoring purpose TRADITIONAL -Encroachment by neighboring - District to emphasize need for LEADERS (Mr. communities on their natural resources adequate security forces e.g. Uganda John Mark Lomeri, Insecurity of livestock by the People Defense forces and their neighboring Turkana, Dodoth and commitment to give protection to Toposa. This may hinder promotion of community assets procured livestock related – - Dialogues meetings need to be enterprises yet there is potential of initiated to address grievances doing this business with the same related to such insecurity on pastoralist. quarterly basis by Sub County -Dodoth and Turkana Kraals demand officials and the Turkana, Toposa, lots of forest species for fencing thus and Dodoth there is massive destruction of the trees - CBOs such as DADO in Kaabong in the forest and the District Security Committees -Tree planting project to ensure need to continuously conduct restoration in the watershed might be security meetings involving the destroyed by the Turkana and Dodoth Turkana neighbours Livestock - Bi law on tree cutting initiated by -Poor road network making it difficult the sub county and charges given to for services to reach the Ik culprits whose livestock destroy communities community sub projects related to -In adequate safe water yet there are lot tree planting and agriculture. of potential springs that need protection - Timu Voluntary Environmental - Lack of Market structures for their Conservation Association team be agriculture products. Yet they produce part of the grievance handling team lot of vegetables, Irish potatoes, beans at community level on conservation and maize and just end up doing butter issues trade with the Turkana and very cheap - There is need for projects related price to water protected springs for quality and quantity.
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- Community access roads need to be rehabilitated for easy access and movement of agricultural products to Kaabong and beyond - Market structure is key for farmers to display their products for better price negotiations
CULTURAL - There many cultural sites and - Conservation of those areas for LEADERS values the Ik look onto as eco-tourism purposes critical and important to - There is need for Ik to have their preserve their culture. For own watersheds selected for the instance, the cultural sacred project sites such as the tultul valley - Community Facilitators who are to believed to be where the Ik guide the communities in sub settled first when they came to projects generation should be from Uganda, Lokitoi cultural the Ik heritage, Lopuwa forest sacred place; etc., need to be preserved- as these are areas where the IK go to pray to their gods. - Language of the IK is unique and not easy to understand by foreign counter parts. The Ik also feel free with their own other than foreign people
5.0 VULNERABLE AND MARGINALIZED PEOPLES PLAN
The Vulnerable Marginalized Plan outlines and communicates how, within an agreed timeframe, any adverse impacts identified will be minimized, mitigated and/or compensated by NUSAF3 as well as how benefits are to be identified and shared with the affected indigenous community. NUSAF3 with support from World Bank will review and approve subproject specific VMPPs and other measures addressing Indigenous Peoples issues. This VMPP include a description of the Vulnerable and Most Marginalized people (Ik) affected by the project. A summary of the proposed project, detailed description of the participation and consultation process during implementation, description of how the project will ensure culturally appropriate benefits and
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avoid or mitigate adverse impacts, a budget, mechanism for grievance redress, and the monitoring and evaluation system. It also includes plans on capacity building.
Table 6: Vulnerable and Marginalized People Community Action Plan Key Issues identified Actions to be undertaken Responsible Office Insensitivity to the IK cultural Sensitization and mobilization to OPM-NUSAF3, practices and its influence on be done throughout the project Kaabong DLG & S/C their livelihoods cycle. on watershed management, appropriate livelihood investment support activities.ap selected by Ik; which technologies should be able to sustain their livelihood and build their resilience. The activities shall be selected from both IHISP and LIPW menus and prioritiezed by the Ik.
Lack of employment ➢ The IK Households to be OPM-NUSAF3, opportunities for the IK prioritized for unskilled temporal Kaabong DLG & S/C employment through LIPW and DRF ➢ Procure raw materials for construction and other activities such as tree planting from the local community.
Potential for Child Labor during OPM-NUSAF3, LIPW activities ➢ At the activity generation process, Kaabong DLG CDO screening will be done to ensure OFFICE & S/C CDOs no children are targeted in any project. Child headed House Hold will be registered and benefit under direct transfer for the 10% un able bodied persons under LIPW. All beneficiary HHs with school age going children will be monitored and children school performance report cards will be checked and as well attendance registered will be regularly checked by the CFs. ➢ Confirm age of potential participating prior to targeting through National Identity card,
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birth certificate or confirming with LC and community elders.
High illiteracy levels that may ➢ Ensure that all benefiting hhs ➢ OPM-NUSAF3, somewhat hinder the smooth under NUSAF3 project with Kaabong DLG & understanding of NUSAF3 school going children endeavor S/C, NDO project design and children go to school and implementation arrangements attendance of these children must be monitored and reported by NUSAF3 community facilitators ➢ Radio talk shows using the Ik local languages. Local and nearby radio stations can be used for this purpose and the local leaders and community representatives should be identified to conduct radio talk shows Unique climatic pattern. The IK ➢ Promotion of value addition ➢ OPM-NUSAF3, people are located within the activities for commercialization Kaabong DLG & highland apiculture zone ➢ Proper business planning for the S/C, NDO receiving more rainfall compared Ik people to identify potential to eastern sorghum zone Dodoth. market driven enterprises and The area supports production of a continuous capacity building to wide range of crops and strengthen these groups for vegetables; cereals, vegetables and sustainable enterprises is well endowed for honey production and processing activities Small scale agricultural ➢ Mobilization and sensitization of ➢ OPM- production. Ik communities about NUSAF3 NUSAF3,Kaabon project design and theory of g DLG & S/C change ➢ Promotion of food security crop production concept that emphasizes the need for increased quality and quantity production initiatives Promotion and preservation of IK ➢ Mobilization and sensitization of ➢ OPM-NUSAF3, cultural Heritages the Ik about ecotourism activities Kaabong DLG & in their area and importance to S/C their livelihoods ➢ Identification of potential tourism sites and interventions within the IK land with the guidance of Tourism agency and in consultation with the IK.
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➢ Promotion of Ecotourism activities within Ik land for under LIPW Watershed Logical approach is a ➢ Watershed area based OPM-NUSAF3, new development thinking for development approach has been Kaabong DLG & S/C NUSAF3 to ensure Environment and will continue to be discussed and natural resources and consulted with the Ik sustainability. The same approach ➢ Capacity building on natural is new to the IP resource management and its relevance in rejuvenating certain degraded parts of the watersheds especially towards the boarders with Kalapata sub-county
Fear for planting of trees within ➢ NFA be part of the watershed ➢ OPM- NFA gazetted areas selection stakeholders team NUSAF3, ➢ Strong collaboration between KAABONG OPM and NEMA on modalities of DLG, NFA greening action within NFA gazette areas to improve ecological systems and climate patterns of Ik communities ➢ NFA Collaborative forest management MOU with district needs to be reviewed Limited knowledge and coverage ➢ Promotion of VSLA concept ➢ OPM NUSAF3, of VSLA concept among the IK among Ik people in all the three DLG people components (LIPW, DRF and COMMERCIAL LIS) activities OFFICE ➢ Capacity building on village savings and diversification of livelihood activities from the savings
Insecurity threats blamed on ➢ Mobilization and sensitization OPM NUSAF3, rearing large ruminants/livestock of Ik people about the importance DLG NDO compared to small of livestock rearing and OFFICER, S/C ruminants/livestock especially alternative savings inform of PRODUCTION with fellow Dodoth, Jie and livestock DEPEARTMENT Turkana, south Sudanese ➢ Capacity Building of CBAHWs (Toposa) existing in the IK and also take The Ik also claim they have no some of them up as LLA for trained frontline livestock livestock related enterprises personnel/CBAHWs to provide veterinary services to the IK ➢ Promotion of livestock related people interventions/businesses in
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watersheds ➢ Capacity building of communities on livestock husbandry practices and equipping especially for CBAHWs ➢ Promotion of drug stores/outlets within the IK community through LIS sub projects Limited involvement of the Ik in ➢ Mobilization and sensitization ➢ CDOS, Parish government programs and of the local leaders and Chiefs and CFs Projects. communities about government and partner’s interventions within their areas
Table 7: Vulnerable and Marginalized Peoples Plan Implementation Institution Roles and Responsibilities
OPM • OPM will recruit a Safeguards Specialist as the focal person for the project at TST to • coordinate social issues including inclusion of IKs for the NUSAF3
• provide technical assistance and facilitation to LGs and target communities to • implement the project • Develop the sub-project specific VMPPs and fund the process of its preparation • Consult on the VMPPs with stakeholders, with special attention paid to including all affected indigenous communities and relevant Government agencies • Ensure the Plan has adequate resources to enable effective implementation • Implement monitoring and reporting of the Plan, including arranging and paying for any independent monitoring that might be deemed necessary • Notify the World Bank of any substantial change in the course of the Plan implementation • Build capacity of the relevant LG staff and VMGs
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District Local • The District Community Development Government Officers will have to: (Community • Undertake social screening to confirm Development presence as well as the participation of Officer) VMGs communities in their area of jurisdiction • Implement the VMPP in the district • Mobilize the relevant communities/create awareness about the project • monitor mitigation measures intended to involve participation of the IP communities in NUSAF3 • Monitor the implementation of the VMPP on ground • Communities attend and make contributions during stakeholder meetings • Participate in project implementation on ground • Safeguard and maintain project infrastructure as applicable
World Bank • The World Bank’s responsibilities will be to: • Review and approve the specific subproject VMPPs; • Monitor the implementation of the VMPP
• Other Key Stakeholders
VMGs VMGs – The IK people have a number of groups that advocate for their rights and therefore will have to be consulted to capture the views of the VMGs. These include Timu Environmental Conservation Group (TECG) and IK Agenda Development Initiative (IADI)
NGOs – A number of NGOs have been instrumental in helping the VMGs (IK) stand up for their rights and continuous consultations with such NGOs is critical. The key NGOs include the Uganda Land Alliance. In terms of mobilizing the vulnerable groups, working together with Mercy Corps and World Vision will be critical 44 | P a g e
6.0 CAPACITY NEEDS
Although OPM has Safeguards Specialist (Environmental and Social) in place to guide the implementation of the Vulnerable and Marginalized Peoples Plan. The challenge remains with the district local government for which the VMPP will be implemented. Building District and Sub county capacity is the sustainable solution to that critical gap. In that regard, OPM NUSAF3 is committed through the Safeguards Specialist to fully address all social issues including indigenous and vulnerability issues of the project. The Safeguards Specialist will train and guide the CDOs, CFs and other development partners including NGOs and CBOs on all social issues including issues of VMGs and they will be facilitated by NUSAF3 to help implement and monitor the project on ground especially in terms of mobilization, targeting and sub projects identification /general sub project participatory rural appraisals (PRA) processes of generation, approvals, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation, as well to ensure transparency and proper accountability of resources availed. The Safeguards Specialist will be the focal person for all social matters related to the NUSAF3 project.
7.0 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM)
VMGs may raise grievances at times directly to the Local Government authorities structures about any issues covered in this plan and the application of the plan during project implementation. However, NUSAF3 has a well-established GRM from community to the highest level and this is managed under STAAC Component of the project.
Community Monitoring Groups (CMGs) will be established in each Parish to promote social accountability at the community level. The CMGs will be constituted by 5 democratically elected members of proven integrity (5 members of the beneficiary community (who are neither members of the Community Project Management Committee (CPMC) nor Community Procurement Committee (CPC)). Where possible, the Chairperson and/or the Secretary of the CMG should be literate.
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There is also a possibility to lodge a complaint anonymously. CMGs are elected from each parish comprising of various villages within project area. Their composition also includes gender and women in this committee comprise 40- 50%. In addition, where there are PWDs committees, these are also encouraged to be established. This is to promote the social inclusiveness in the project.
This committee will be availed with the grievance redress forms to register complains from the communities. All complains will be registered by the Community Facilitators assigned to each watershed and they presented registered complains to the committee every week. The CMGs shall meet at least twice every month to resolve grievances presented to them and shall submit its reports to the Sub-county CDO and their respective beneficiary communities every month. The sub county is able to review both solved and unsolved complains for necessary actions.
The CMG mechanism will: i) Ensure that where grievances arise, they are addressed at the lowest possible level (subsidiary); ii) Act as first point of call for resolving or reference of grievances. iii) The CMGs will initiate a response to such grievances that shall be based on prevention, detection, and consequence. The CMGs will be focused on cases of: a) Gender exclusion and deliberate or ignorant obstruction of achieving the project’s gender equity process and output targets: b) Nepotism (misuse of station, power and influence to benefit relatives and friends), c) Collusion (secret or illegal cooperation to divert or pervert project resources, including manipulation in reaching the intended target groups); and d) Corruption (dishonest and fraudulent conduct of power and office holders, typically involving soliciting and/or accepting bribes).
In addition to the above, Village Peace Committees (VPCs), which already exist at the village level in Karamoja region, will also be used to register and mediate grievances at source to avoid drugging of issues to be solved.
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Grievances will be monitored through the Sub-county with guidance of the CDOs that will include regular updates and analysis of the GRM in their quarterly reports and also provides regular feedback to communities and other relevant stakeholders. All submitted complaints and grievances will be added to a database/project files which will be updated regularly. Each complaint and grievance will be ranked, analyzed and monitored according to type, accessibility and degree of priority. The status of grievances submitted and grievance redress will be reported through the monthly report.
8.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
NUSAF3 will establish a monitoring system with data collection tools and plan to monitor the implementation of this VMPP at the District, Sub County and Community levels. The Safeguards Specialist who will work with the CDOs of the Sub County and District will ensure data collection is done on monthly basis on progress of activities for VMGs by Community Facilitators and ensure they are captured in the M &E system at sub county, district and NUSAF3- And reporting from sub county on monthly to the district and district quarterly to OPM-NUSAF3 and to the World Bank.
The socioeconomic assessments and overall projects monitoring will ensure gender and vulnerability disaggregated data is well elaborated and presented. The project will monitor the following issues: i) Number of projects that support/benefit vulnerable and marginalized people (IK) and actual number of vulnerable people that participated actively in project activities (HHs with able bodied and HH without able bodied); ii) Complains/ Emerging issues related to the project implementation, and effectiveness of community engagement as planned and documented; and iii) numbers of Voluntary land donation complying with guidelines and documented.
Performance monitoring indicators will be reported on monthly basis from Community by Community facilitators to sub County CDOs and quarterly Basis by the District NDO and OPM
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NUSAF3 Safeguards unit then to the World Bank. Annual social status report will also be produced and asocial audit will be done at the mid and end of project for this specific interest group in the project area.
9.0 BUDGET
OPM-NUSAF3 will finance all costs required to implement the VMPP for the IK.OPM- NUSAF3 has committed an estimated budget of approximately 3.5 bn Uganda Shillings for all activities for all components (IHISP, LIPW and DRF) including; Administrative costs for surveys and general operations, Social Assessment, Sensitization and Mobilization for all stakeholders, Capacity building and trainings, Environmental and Social Management Plans (ESMP), Hiring of the community facilitators and sub projects funds for IK. The funds will be released to the District and to the IK community accounts on annual basis (based on community prioritized activities) to finance their annual prioritized plans like in other NUSAF3 districts. Specific activity budgets are progressively generated annually since these are CDD projects.
10.0
DISCLOSURE
This VMPP has been continuously disclosed through preparation debriefing and final plan will be disclosed to the Indigenous Peoples affected by the project. Kaabong District will ensure this is disseminated in the IK Local language or in other forms easily understandable to affected communities – oral communication methods are often needed to communicate the proposed plans to affected communities using radio talk shows and community meeting. In addition, the implementing agency OPM will disclose the final VMPP in-country. The bank will disclose at the World Bank Info shop prior to implementation.
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ANNEX I: Guidelines for Voluntary land donations in CDD projects
It is recommended that the basic guidelines to be followed for voluntary land donation be as follows: • Land to be donated must be identified by the community through a participatory approach • Impacts of proposed activities on donated land must be fully explained to the donor • The potential donor is aware that refusal is an option, and that right of refusal is specified in the donation document the donor will sign • The act of donation is undertaken without coercion, manipulation, or any form of pressure on the part of public or traditional authorities • The donor may request monetary or non-monetary benefits or incentives as a condition for donation.In the case of NUSAF3 all donations are non monitoring. They are all voluntarly contributed without any monitory or other conditions attached since it is all community activities that will be done on the land • The proportion of land that may be donated cannot exceed the area required to maintain the donor’s livelihood or that of his/her household • Donation of land cannot occur if it requires any household relocation • For community or collective land, donation can only occur with the consent of individuals using or occupying the land • Verification must be obtained from each person donating land (either through proper documentation or through confirmation by at least two witnesses) • The implementing agency establishes that the land to be donated is free of encumbrances or encroachment and registers the donated land in an official land registry • Any donated land that is not used for its agreed purpose is returned to the donor.
• Each voluntary land donation process as guided above will be documented reflecting informed consent and power of choice.
Note: This guidance applies to all voluntary land donations for all CDD projects for NUSAF 3.
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ANNEXII: Photos of the FPIC and FGDs in Timu Parish Kamion Sub County Kaabong District
The IK Youth from Timu Loloi Watershed Showing what the watershed is able to produce if inputs are given to them during the FPIC. The youth Councilor Hon. Ochen Simon Peter on the right making his remarks at the FPIC
House Hold Grants Officer NUSAF3 Karamoja having an FGD with the Turkana pastoralists who graze the Livestock in the IK land
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National Forest Authority (NFA) Official Mr. Patrick Nyeko ( at the center) explaining to the IK youth on the collaborative Forest Management agreement they have signed with the District and the potential enterprises the IK can do in the Watersheds in line with their Catchment Restoration Approach
NUSAF3 Desk Officer together with the Safeguards Specialist in FGD with some of the foreign Missionaries settlers in Timu Kamion Sub County. They where 10 months old in the area by the time of the FPIC
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The Hon Councilor V of the IK talking to the women during the FPIC in Timu Parish
The NUSAF3 Community Facilitator for the IK who happens to be the son from the IK giving his remarks during the FPIC
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Safeguards Specialist NUSAF3 in FGD with some of the Vulnerable and Disabled women of the IK
The Tultul Valley where the IK came through to settle in the Morungole and Timu Hills
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ANNEXIII Agenda and Attendance Sheets for the FPIC Meeting
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11.0 REFERENCES
Ayoo Sandra, Robert Opio, and Oliver T. Kakisa, 2013: Karamoja Situational Analysis. CARE International in Uganda. http://www.careevaluations.org/Evaluations/Karamoja%20Situational%20Analysis%20- %20Final%20Report%2029.01.2013.pdf
The Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, 1995
The Ugandan National Orphans and other Vulnerable Policy 2004, Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development
African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) 2009: Concluding Observations of the African Commission on the 3rd Periodic Report of the Republic Of Uganda. Accessed at: http://www.achpr.org/files/sessions/45th/conc-obs/uganda:-3rd-periodic-report,-2006- 2008/achpr45_conc_staterep3_uganda_2009_eng.pdf African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights. Accessed at: http://www.humanrights.se/wpcontent/ uploads/2012/01/African-Charter-on-Human-and-Peoples-Rights.pdf Cultural survival 2010: Quarterly magazine, http://www.culturalsurvival.org Center for Conflict Resolution (CECORE), 2011: Conflict Early Warning: The Ik of Kaabong District. http://cecore.or.ug/wp-content/downloads/Ik%20report.pdf The International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA), 2011: The Indigenous World 2011. Accessed at: http://www.iwgia.org/iwgia_files_publications_files/0454_THE_INDIGENOUS_ORLD- 2011_eb.pdf
Census 2014 Final Results | Uganda Bureau of Statistics www.ubos.org/2016/03/24/census-2014-final-results
Environmental and Social Management Frame Work 2015, The Third Northern Uganda Social Action Fund, Office of the Prime Minister
Resettlement Policy Frame Work 2015, The Third Northern Uganda Social Action Fund, Office of the prime Minister
The National Environment Statute of Uganda, 1995
Land Act of Uganda, 1998.
The Uganda land Policy 2011
IK Agenda Development Initiative -IADI-Report 2016
Minority Rights Group International, MRGI 2001: Uganda: The Marginalization of Minorities.
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Accessed at: http://www1.chr.up.ac.za/chr_old/indigenous/documents/Uganda/Report/Marinalization%20of %20Minorities-%20Wairama.pdf
Uganda Wildlife Act 1996.
ULII www.ulii.org/ug/legislation/consolidated-act/200
World Bank (1996):The World Bank Participation Sourcebook, Washington D.C.: The World Bank.http://www4.worldbank.org/afr/ssatp/Resources/HTML/Gender- RG/Source%20%20documents/Tool%20Kits%20&%20Guides/Participatory%20Project%20Ap proaches/TLPAR8%20WB%20Participation%20Sourcebook.pdf
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