Index1

A Watched ; Names of Aesthetics of sleep, 91, 96, 143, individual novels) 148–150, 169, 196, 210, 214 not associated with sleep, 20 aesthetic of , 158 physicality in, 37 Alarm clocks, 2 sleep crises in, 43 Albertine Workout, The, 167 speculations on sexuality, 37 Alien invasion, 213 types of characters’ sleep, 43–44 Alighieri, Dante, 117 writer of awakeness, 38, 210 Althusser, Louis, 117 Authority, sleep and, 49, 52, 57, 94 Alvarez, Al, 179, 197 See also Gender Andrews, Malcolm, 75 Animal, sleep as, 96, 97, 143, 154 man as animal who cannot sleep, B 156 Ballard, J. G., 22, 180, 186, 201, 202 Argus, 88 Barnaby Rudge, 21, 23, 82, 86, 88, , 1, 182 90, 94, 97–101 Arnold, Matthew, 89 characteristics of sleep in, 82 Artificial light, 3, 14, 185, 186 comedy of sleep in, 83 Asclepian cults, 182 modernity in, 85 Aubert, Vilhelm, 6, 11, 50 narrative gap in, 86 Austen, Jane, 10, 23, 215 novel of sleep, 84 insomnia in fiction, 15, 20, 43 see( politics of, 95 also Insomnia; Social sleeping; watched sleep in, 87–92

1 Note: Page numbers followed by “n” refer to notes.

© The Author(s) 2018 219 M. Greaney, Sleep and the Novel, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75253-2 220 Index

Barthes, Roland, 122, 146, 158, 159 Carson, Anne, 167 on , 23 Cattermole, George, 84 Beckett, Samuel, 116 Cervantes, Miguel de, 5 Bedclothes, see Pyjamas Chekhov, Anton, 111, 112 Bedford, Martyn, 198 Childhood, 12, 63, 75, 77, 79, 94, , 1, 3, 5, 90, 91, 116, 197, 115, 118–121, 150, 155, 188 211 and -time, 155 changing, 152 Christmas Carol, A, 89 history of, 151 Cioran, Emil, 156 narrative possibilities, 151 Circadian rhythms, see Sleep patterns Proust and, 147–154 Cixous, Hélène, 199 sleep laboratories, as, 201 Clark, Timothy, 87 torture chambers, as, 158 Clock-time, 118 Beds, 2, 116 Coe, Jonathan, 17, 22, 23, 180, 189, sharing, 5, 41, 57 (see also Social 191, 193–196, 212, 215 sleeping; World-from-a-bed See also House of Sleep, The fiction) Cohen, Ralph, 180, 190 Bed-time, 21, 49, 52, 55 Comic, sleep as, 21, 64, 75, 79–87, as childhood injustice, 155 (see also 100, 123, 163 Girl Being Sent to Bed) Dickens and, 89 Benjamin, Walter, 157 Oblomov, in, 116 Bersani, Leo, 166 watched sleep as, 82 Bible, 7 , human, 4, 15, 37, 44, Bildungsroman, 92, 110–112, 133, 82, 142, 144, 146, 213 148 Cosnett, J. E., 80 anti-Bildungsroman, 209 Crary, Jonathan, 184, 190, 212 Shlafroman and, 215 Black Moon, 212, 213 Blanchot, Maurice, 17, 48, 156, 157 D Bleak House, 97 Darkness, 186 Borrow, Sharon, 179 David Copperfield, 86, 91, 98 Boyd, William, 180, 189, 193, 194 Death, sleep and, 98, 147, 167 Brontë, Charlotte, 94 Dement, William C., 181, 183, 185, Browne, Hablot, 84 189, 190 Dickens, Charles comedy of sleep in, 82 C hypnologist, as, 80 Caffeine, see Stimulants idealizes sleep, 100 Calhoun, Kenneth, 212 insomnia in fiction, 15, 16 Capitalism Lying Awake, 76–78, 80, 100 insomnia drives, 195 Man of , 79 interferes with sleep, 184 Night Walks, 76, 78–81 Index 221

obsession with sleep, 80 F politics of sleep, 95 Fainting, 94, 100 for the Million, 81 Fairy-tale, 7, 118 watched sleep in, 210 (see also Falling asleep, 37, 38, 57, 63, 195 Watched sleep; Names of Dickens and, 80 individual works) fear of, 78 (see also Hypnagogia; Dickens, Charles ) suffers insomnia, 21, 76–80 imagery of, 77, 84 ubiquity of sleep and, 20, 75, 210 Proust and, 146 Dillon, Brian, 147 in public, 16, 143, 162 Disease temporary species reassignment, as, existential strategy, as, 149 82 sleep as, 110, 149, 194 Fiction, sleep in, 7–13, 209 See also Medicine accuracy of, 3 Dobrolyubov, Nikolai, 114 critical history of, 8, 215 Dombey and Son, 94 difficulty of representing, 9, 38 Dreamless sleep idealized, 209 as content-rich, 23 ignored, 20, 23, 39, 210 as everynight sleep, 13 narrative impossibility, 9, 112 uncommon in literature, 12 narrative possibility, 23, 209 Dreams, 92, 99, 118, 124, 142, 180 as representational history, 3, 210 awakeness as, 142 Finding Time Again, 161 Barthes on, 23 (see also Dreamless Folklore, 7, 19 sleep) Forster, E. M., 9, 11 literary history of, 12 Forster, John, 86 medieval visions, 12, 181 Foster, Russell G., 4 productive, as, 13 Frankenstein, 188 Dressing gowns, 109, 125–131 French Revolution, 85 Drugs, see Drunkenness; Insomnia, Freud, Sigmund, 85 treatments for; Opium; Freudian psychoanalysis, 13, 23, 88, Stimulants 98, 115, 120 Drunkenness, 79, 83, 90, 141 Freudian psychoanalysis Uncanny, the, 99 Frith, William Powell, 76 E Frye, Northrop, 84 Edison, Thomas, 185 Fugitive, The, 167 Ekirch, A. Roger, 182 Ekirch, Roger, 5, 182, 184 Electroencephalogram (EEG), 182, G 199 Galen, 182 Emma, 37, 62–65 Gender, 48, 52, 94, 128, 167, 193, Epic of Gilgamesh, 14 198, 199 222 Index

Gender (cont.) See also Coe, Jonathan male gaze, 166 Hughes, Edward J., 147 politics and, 52, 58, 166 Humblot, Alfred, 141, 142 tiredness and, 61 Huston, Charlie, 212 Genres, literary, sleep and, 8 , 180 Geography of sleep, 6 Hypnagogia, 142 Geopolitics of sleep, 127 See also Falling asleep Gilman, Charlotte Perkins, 116, 149 Hypnotism, 80–82 Girl Being Sent to Bed, 43, 49, 61, Hypochondria, 147, 160 155 Gogol, Nikolai, 114 Goldberg, Lisa Carrie, 200 I Goncharov, Ivan, 10, 20–22, 68, 111, Idleness, see Indolence 114, 119, 125–130 Iliad, The, 5, 126 World-from-a-bed fiction, 22, 210 Illness, 57 See also Oblomov In Search of Lost Time, 16, 116, 130, Gorbachev, Mikhail, 114 142, 144, 147, 153, 154, 211 Gordon Riots, 84, 85, 97 celebrates insomnia, 158 Gothic literature, 8, 50–55, 77, 191 fictionalized autobiography, 141 Dickens and, 86 insomnia and, 155–161 tiredness in, 54 invites sleep-watching, 161 Great Expectations, 75 literary-historical context, 148 Guermantes Way, The, 145, 164, 167 nature of consciousness, 146 nature of sleep in, 142, 143 novel of sleep, 211 H obsession and, 165 Hamlet, 88 obsession with , 141 Handley, Sasha, 41 physicality in, 144 (see also Proust, Hawthorne, 18, 19 Marcel; World-from-a-bed Heidegger, Martin, 122 fiction) Hera, 5 redeems sleep, 170 Heroic, sleep as, 149 rediscovers sleep, 169 Heroism, 14, 19, 38 sleep, novel of, 22–23 Austen’s heroines, 15, 21, 43, 55, sleep of others, 167 59 social difference and, 159 Dickens and, 87, 88 social novel, 150 somnolence and, 113 watched sleep in, 161–167 Hibernation, 117 In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower, Hippocrates, 182 153, 163 Hobson, J. Allan, 183 Indolence, 23, 41, 55–58, 112 Horne, Jim, 185 anxieties of idleness, 56 House of Sleep, The, 17, 23, 180, 189, in In Search of Lost Time, 143 193–196, 201, 212 Insomnia Index 223

anxiety and, 44–46, 50, 51 (see also J Artificial light; Dickens, Joyce, James, 78, 149 Charles) Jungian psychoanalysis, 115 Austen and, 21, 43–55 “author-as-insomniac” literature, 80 benefits of, 156 K causes of, 152, 159 Kafka, Frank, 17, 80, 116, 149, 156 central characters and, 43 Kleitman, Nathaniel, 3, 4, 183 circular, as, 157 Kroker, Kenton, 182, 197 contemporary myth, as, 213 courageous, as, 157 creativity and, 15–18, 47, 76, 80, L 155–161, 194 Landseer, Edwin, 76 drives consumerism, 195 Lawrence, D. H., 142 feigned, 160, 161 Laziness, see Indolence fictional representations of, 15, 212 Lenin, Vladimir, 114 health crisis, as, 212 Lermontov, Mikhail, 114 history of, 14, 182 Levinas, Emmanuel, 17, 48, 60, 156 imagined, 46 Lewis, Penelope A., 180 means of knowledge, as, 159 Light, sleep and, 3, 14 modernity and, 17, 24, 84, 86, 87, See also Technology 118, 124, 184, 185, 212, 216 Light-bulb, see Technology mythology of, 193 Linschoten, Jan, 153, 159 narrative device, 45 Lockley, Steven W., 4 open-endedness, 78 London, 15, 46, 55, 63, 77, 84, 86 pleasurable, as, 44, 49 at night, 78 politics and, 193 Great Fire of London, 87 post-dormative world, 213 Loomis, Alfred, 182 prevalence of questioned, 185 Lying Awake, 76 Proust and, 142, 147 See also Dickens, Charles society-wide, 194 solitude and, 79 stimulation and, 154 M thinking about cures, 77 MacLeod, Alison, 22, 180, 191, 198, treatments for, 14 199, 201, 212, 215. See also Wave ubiquity of, 14, 212, 213 Theory of Angels, The urbanisation and, 15 Manhole 69, 180, 186–188 work ethic, as, 194 Mann, Thomas, 149 writers suffer from, 156 Mansfield Park, 10, 37, 42, 43, 45, Internet, 3, 201 48, 49, 55–62, 65 224 Index

Mare, Walter de la, 8 Northanger Abbey, 15, 23, 43, 46–55, Marriage 67 Austen and, 15, 21, 43, 63, 66 awakening in, 38 Master Humphrey’s Clock, 84 Medicine, 17, 80, 93, 147 limits of, 199 O sleep as, 189 Oblomov, 10, 20, 68, 111, 114, 126, See also Disease; Sleep science 127, 131, 209 Melby, Melissa K., 6, 197 anti-Bildungsroman, 112 Melville, Herman, 110 celebrates somnolence, 109, 118, , 4 125 Mesmerism, 81, 90, 92 childhood in, 119 See also Hypnotism critical opinions, 111 Metanarrative, 8, 18, 47, 53, 56, 110 dependency on others, 123, 125 Mihailovic, Alexandar, 114 desires sleep, 109 Miller, D. A., 42, 130 elegy, as, 132 Modernism, 8 explores softness, 128 , of the, 149 fear of social intercourse, 122 celebrates sleep, 149 genre, 111 Dickens and, 77, 101 influence on Proust, 148 Proustian, 22, 101, 181 masculinity, 128 Proustian modernism, 148, 211 materials of sleep, 127 Modernity novel of nagging, as, 121 hides sleep, 195 novel of sleep, 21 as post-dormative world, 213 Oblomov’s Dream, 118 problematizes sleep, 157 Oblomovshchina, 110 Mysterious, sleep as, 198, 200 origins of somnolence, 119 Mystery of Edwin Drood, The, 93 politics in, 114 psychoanalytic readings of, 115 queer reading of, 129 N realism, 111 Nabokov, Vladimir, 16–19, 80, 83, 92, relationship with clothes, 125–131 156 social dynamics, 123 Narcolepsy, 93, 95, 188, 189, 192, sources of comedy, 116 193, 195, 196 spirituality, 132 Narrating sleep, difficulty of, 146, 214 studies somnolence, 110, 111, 118 Natural sleep, 76, 182, 200, 202 study of sleep and writing, as, 131 Neurology, 182 symbolic power of, 114 Night clothes, see Pyjamas tale of unambition, as, 110 Night Walks, see Dickens, Charles unmasculinity, 129 Night work, 2 world-from-a-bed fiction, as, 116, Nod, 212, 213 210 Noise, prevents sleep, 54, 120, 154 writing and sleeping in, 119 Index 225

Oblomovshchina, 110, 114, 117, 119, insomnia and, 16, 80, 154 120, 125 modernism and, 148 Old Curiosity Shop, The, 82, 89, 92 novelist of sleep, as, 22, 146, 210 Oliver Twist, 89, 92 obsession and, 165 Oneirocentrism, 13 obsession with sleep, 147, 148 Opium, 84, 104n31 otherness of sleep and sleep of Orientalism, 127 others, 144 Orwell, George, 191 Proustian somnolence, 153 Our Mutual Friend, 93 reclusive hypochondriac, as, 147 Outdoor sleeping, 91, 97 rediscovers sleep, 144 remembers , 155 sexuality, 167 P sleep of others and, 22 Paradise, sleep as, 118 social sleep in, 22 Paranoia, 20, 88, 98, 115, 144, 162, sleep watching and, 20 167, 187, 191 themes, complexity of, 145 Penzin, Alexei, 13, 211, 214 writing on bedrooms, 147 Persuasion, 46, 65, 66 Psychology of sleep, 81 Picasso, Pablo, 91, 97 Public sleep, 16, 42, 43, 56, 92, 143, Pickwick Papers, The, 75, 80, 83, 90, 163 93 Pushkin, Alexander, 114 Piéron, Henri, 182 Pyjamas, 2, 5, 125, 127, 167 Plato, 10 symbolic significance, 126 Poggioli, Renato, 125 Polysomnograph, 20, 22, 180, 181, 192, 198–201, 213 R Poussin, Nicolas, 20 Radcliffe, Anne, 50 Pride and Prejudice, 38–42 Railways, 14, 154 Prisoner, The, 20, 144, 151, 161, 163, Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, 4, 166, 167 180, 183, 192, 196 Pritchett, V. S., 116 Reeve, Clara, 50 Proust, Marcel, 8, 10, 14, 17, 23, 68, Reiss, Benjamin, 5–7, 184, 191 78, 116, 130, 141, 144, 149, Resistance to sleep, 16, 51 150, 153, 158, 160, 166–168, sleep as resistance, 76 170, 211 Rip van Winkle, 7, 12, 19, 85, 111 cult of insomnia, 157 Roberts, Adam, 187 disdain for sleep, 159 , 8, 181 fascination with sleep, 142 Rose, Jacqueline, 167 genius, 142 (see also In Search of Lost Ross, Kristin, 164 Time) Russell, Karen, 212 illness and, 150 Russian fiction influence on modernism, 22, 23 characteristics of, 114 226 Index

S oblivion and, 66, 67 Schlafroman, 8, 111, 112, 133, 148, reasons for, 4, 189, 214 170, 210, 212, 214 scientific study of, 3, 4 and Bildungsroman, 215 secretive, as, 146 Scrivner, Lee, 9, 10, 14, 183, 185, social implications of, 6, 39, 81, 83, 189 111, 114, 121–123, 159, 168, Sedatives, 147 197, 202 Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, 43, 48, 130 ubiquity of, 8 and Sensibility, 37 vulnerability, 190 Sex, 161 wasted gift, as, 159 association with sleep, 38, 45, 47, way of life, as, 148 65, 165, 168, 186, 191 Sleep abolition of, 186, 187, 189 Sexuality, 129, 130 , 80 Shakespeare, William, 7, 12, 19, 77, Sleep Donation, 212, 213 117, 127, 194 Sleep laboratories, 197, 198, 200, 215 Hamlet, 88 art in, 200 Shakespeare, William bedrooms as, 201 watched sleep and, 19 watch sleep, 197 Sidney, Philip, 5 Sleep patterns, 186, 202 Sleep as socially constructed, 5–6, 182 active or passive, 4, 83, 92–95 (see historical, 5 also Comic, sleep as; Dreamless Sleep, politics of, 6, 76, 82, 84, sleep; Fiction, sleep in; 95–101, 193–196 Insomnia; Light, sleep and; insomnia and, 193 Resistance to sleep; Sex, Sleep, pretend, 57 association with sleep; Sleep Sleep science, 4, 17, 22, 23, 184, 189, patterns; Sleep, politics of; 196, 199, 201, 211, 212 Social sleeping; Technology) apparatus, 197 act of obedience, 85 categories of, 189 allegory for life, 18 contemporary fiction, in, 181 biological necessity, 2, 148 contemporary literature, in, contradiction in studying, 23 179–182 conventions of, 2 contradictions inherent in, 181, definitions of, 1, 77, 155, 183, 214 183, 214 feigned oblivion and, 57, 163 dehumanizes sleep, 180, 201 historical changes to, 3, 4, 6–7 Dickens and, 80 key literary theme, 145 ethics of, 179 life without, 194, 212, 214 fictional, 23, 180, 190–193 necessity of, 145, 189 gender and, 199 negates social difference, 5, 92, 96, history of, 182, 183 213 hunt for sleep, as, 190 novelistic taboo, as, 142 introduction of, 170 Index 227

language of, 192 as heroic, 111–113 legacies of, 191 as human condition, 122 limits of, 199, 200 as infectious, 118 literature explores limits of, 181 (see as medical disorder, 118, 212 also Medicine; Science fiction; origins of, 119 Sleep laboratories; Sleep Proustian, 153 science; Sleep-science fiction; provokes intimacy, 64 Technology) visual arts, in, 91 opposition to, 201 Spindles, 180 questions sleep crisis thesis, 185 Steinberg, Leo, 91, 97 rivalry with literature, 181 Sterne, Laurence, 8, 9 sleep as art or science, 181 Stickgold, Robert, 181, 184 sleep as subject of, 192 Stigant, Paul, 95 studies abnormal sleep, 193 Stimulants, 14, 81, 147, 195 technology and, 201 Summers-Bremner, Eluned, 14, 16 un-natural, as, 187 Sussman, Henry, 115 watches sleep, 179, 190–193 See also Technology Sleep teaching of, 81 T Sleeping Beauty, 19, 111 Tale of Two Cities, A, 82, 101 Sleepless, 212, 213 Technology, 14, 179 Sleep-science fiction, 23, 180, artificial light, 3, 14, 185, 186 186–190, 212 interferes with sleep, 3, 14, 20, 184, and natural sleep, 200 200 explores abnormal sleep, 193 measures sleep, 198 (see also Sleep nostalgia for sleep, 182 science) perceptions of sleep, 186 sleep science and, 201 production of sleep in, 197 watches sleep, 187, 201 Sleep-walking, 93, 180 Time, see Clock-time; Bed-time; Time Snoring, 180 zones Snoring for the Million, see Dickens, Time zones, 14 Charles Tiredness, 1, 42, 43, 55, 59, 141 Sociable sleeping, 38–44 conceals emotions, 59 See also Social sleeping existential, 121 Social sleeping, 6, 57 impacts relationships, 60 (see also Austen and, 37–44, 63, 66 Insomnia) as oxymoron, 41 meanings of, 60–61 Sodom and Gomorrah, 142, 143 morality of, 62 Somnolence, 22, 37, 38, 41–43, 57, Tiredness 58, 62, 80, 84, 100 anti-heroic, 59 comic, 79 modern condition, as, 184 communal, 75 (see also In Search of Tribout-Joseph, Sarah, 142 Lost Time; Oblomov) Turgenev, Ivan, 114 228 Index

Tuttle, Lisa, 198 one-way gaze, 82 Tyburn, 98 politics of, 101 power of, 90, 124, 162, 215 Proust and, 141, 144, 161 U reader as watcher, 161 (see also Sleep Unwritable, sleep as, 113 science) Shakespeare and, 19, 88 sleep science and, 190 W voyeurism, as, 191 Waking up, 18, 19, 38, 41, 214 watching watched sleep, 179 trope of awakening, 38, 47, 51 Wave Theory of Angels, The, 180, 191, Walker, Matthew, 212 198, 199, 201, 212 Walking, 79 Way by Swann’s, The, 23, 141, 142, Wallace, David Foster, 11, 22, 129, 146, 157 180 White, Harrison, 6 Watched sleep, 18–20 Widdowson, Peter, 95 artificial lighting and, 187 Wilde, Oscar, 130 Austen and, 38, 57, 68 Williams, Simon J., 181, 184, 186, comic, as, 82 213 cures insomnia, 179 Wizgell, Faith, 128 death and, 167 Wolf-Meyer, Matthew J., 182 Dickens and, 21, 67, 80, 87, 124 Woolf, Virginia, 78, 149 disgust of, 92, 162 World-from-a-bed fiction, 22, 78, dissolves subjectivity, 164 116–119, 133, 151, 161 fantasy and, 19 See also In Search of Lost Time fear of, 83, 123, 153, 161, 190 Wortham, Simon Morgan, 5 heroic, as, 87, 88 Worthman, Carol M., 6, 197 history of, 190 Writing laboratories, 197 precludes sleep, 22, 119–123 indifference to, 91 sleep and, 131–133, 181 machines watch sleep, 191 mirror, as, 19, 42, 89, 91, 96, 114, 122, 164, 212 Y Oblomov and, 124 Yawning, 39, 58, 59, 133