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坐月子 Zuo Yue Zi SITTING the MONTH in TAIWAN

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坐月子 Zuo Yue Zi SITTING the MONTH in TAIWAN 坐月子 Zuo Yue Zi SITTING THE MONTH IN TAIWAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS By S. SANNA CHEN Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Advisor: Dr. Charlotte Ikels Department of Anthropology CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY January, 2011 CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES We hereby approve the thesis/dissertation of Shiuan Sanna Chen ______________________________________________________ Doctor of Philosophy candidate for the __________________________________degree *. Dr. Charlotte Ikels (signed)_______________________________________________ (chair of the committee) Dr. Jill Korbin ________________________________________________ Dr. Atwood Gaines ________________________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Damato ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ April 21, 2010 (date) _______________________ *We also certify that written approval has been obtained for any proprietary material contained therein. Copyright © 2010 by Shiuan Sanna Chen All rights reserved ii Table of Contents List of Tables ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... viii Abstract .............................................................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1 THEORY ...................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................ 4 Cross Cultural Literature of Postpartum ................................................................... 4 The Chinese Family ................................................................................................... 8 Women’s Status ........................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER 2 TAIWAN: AN OVERVIEW ...................................................................... 32 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................................. 32 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................... 34 CHANGES IN EDUCATION, MARRIAGE AND FAMILY ..................................... 38 RESEARCH SITE: PINGTUNG CITY ....................................................................... 47 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 49 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 51 HISTORY OF PROJECT ............................................................................................. 51 SAMPLE SELECTION AND CRITERIA ................................................................... 53 iii DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................. 55 DATA ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 57 CHAPTER 4 坐月子 SITTING THE MONTH ............................................................... 59 坐月子 SITTING THE MONTH................................................................................. 59 Sitting the Month at Home ....................................................................................... 72 Sitting the Month Centers ........................................................................................ 77 SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 84 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS ................................................................................................ 86 INTERVIEW PARTICIPANTS ................................................................................... 88 GENERAL DECISION-MAKING .............................................................................. 93 坐月子 SITTING THE MONTH................................................................................ 102 Ideal Place to Sit the Month................................................................................... 120 Sitting the Month and Income ................................................................................ 127 Sitting the Month and Education ........................................................................... 130 Sitting the Month and Marriage Patterns .............................................................. 131 Sitting the Month and Residence Patterns ............................................................. 134 EXAMPLE CASE STUDIES ..................................................................................... 140 Case Study #1 ......................................................................................................... 141 Case Study #2 ......................................................................................................... 142 iv Case Study #3 ......................................................................................................... 144 Case Study #4 ......................................................................................................... 148 Case Study #5 ......................................................................................................... 151 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................ 154 CHAPTER 6 DISCUSSION ........................................................................................... 156 SITTING THE MONTH IN TAIWAN ...................................................................... 156 SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS VERSUS OTHER VARIABLES ................................ 163 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................... 170 FUTURE STUDY ....................................................................................................... 171 APPENDIX A: CONSENT FORMS .............................................................................. 176 APPENDIX B ................................................................................................................. 184 APPENDIX C ................................................................................................................. 185 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................... 186 v List of Tables Table 1 Decision-Making within the Family By Employment and Residence Patterns .............. 101 Table 2 Group OW's Sitting the Month in Taiwan ...................................................................... 112 Table 3 Determination of Income Levels .................................................................................... 128 vi List of Figures Figure 1 Residence Pattern and General Decision-Making When Newly Married ........................ 97 Figure 2 Residence Pattern and General Decision-Making When Newly Married in Percents ...... 98 Figure 3 Residence Patterns and Realization of Ideal Sitting the Month ..................................... 135 Figure 4 Residence Patterns and Realization of Ideal Sitting the Month, Group YW .................. 139 vii Acknowledgements First and foremost I must thank the army of 阿姨 of Pingtung City and the surrounding area. Only through their help, their endless patience in answering my seemingly childish and naive questions, and their willingness to open their homes and their lives, was the research possible. Thank you so very much for teaching me how to cook, how to deal with future family conflicts, and for treating me like a daughter. 我很 感谢大家. To all the young women who opened their lives in a very hectic and stressful time of their lives, I want to extend my warmest thanks and gratitude. It cannot have been easy to have a stranger come poking into your life and your beliefs at a time of great change, and I am deeply grateful that these women were so forthcoming and so open with their time and their honesty. There are some individuals that must be thanked especially, this being 小 阿姨 and her family for taking me in and providing me with numerous assistance in all area, treating me like another member of the family without question, and 大娘 and her warm family who welcomed, lectured, and fed me continuously. I would also like to thank all the Pingtung City, Taipei and Kaohsiung area hospitals, clinics and sitting the month centers who opened their doors to me and my endless questions regarding their business and their clients. My continual nosiness no doubt annoyed them but the staff bore it with good humor and grace. Thank you all very much. I would like to thank my committee members for their seemingly limitless quantity of patience to wait for me to finish my dissertation. Their wonderful editing and viii insightful comments as well as continued support made it possible
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