KE N TA RC H A E O LO G I C A LS O C I E T Y

newnewIssue number 62ss ll ee tt tt ee Autumnrr 2004 Inside FINAL EXCAVATION 2-3 CTRL Digital Archives Library notes 4-5 AT ABBEY FARM CATLink up uring the last two weeks of assisted by three other profession- all over the UK. One participant even Hog Brook aisled August, the eighth and final als, Emma Boast, Ges Moody and picked up the details off the KAS building season of full excavation was Barry Corke and supported by Mel website from her home on the island 6-7 carried out at the site of the Woodgate in the finds tent, some of Reunion in the middle of the Lectures, Courses, at Abbey Farm, 40 volunteers took part. These Indian Ocean! Conferences & Events M i n s t e r- i n -Thanet. Under were mostly KAS members but Despite interruptions caused by Letters to the Editor the direction of Keith Parfitt, included students and others from occasional heavy rain, the excavation 8-9 exceeded prior expectations with the discovery of unexpected features on Notice Board three areas of the site. 10-11 During the 2003 season some Elephant hunter signs were found of a feature, Archbishops’ Palace, thought to be of 4th century date, in the middle of the villa estate walled 12-13 enclosure. In the event this appears New Books to be the remains of a large building UKCupdate - post built with thick daub walls - 14-15 enclosing a double chambered corn Anglo-Saxon site at drier or, more probably a malting kiln (figs 1 & 2). Thurnham Another target this year was the 16 building to the west of the boundary National Archaeology wall. It had been thought that most Days around of this building had been excavated in 2003, but not so. Further excava- tion this year uncovered the remains

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Fig. 1 Fig. 2

Figs 1 &2: Excavation in progress of the malt kiln, left to right; Ges Moody, Paul Hart, Maggy Redmond, Andy Woodgate and Steve Clifton.

Autumn 2004 www.kentarchaeology.org.uk 1 continued from page 1 across the circular feature suggested a deep ditch, but further explana- of additional rooms, some of which tion would depend upon an oppor- would have been cut below the tunity to revisit the site. foundation level. These included Eight seasons of excavation at rooms that may have originally Minster have now been completed enjoyed hypocausted heating and a good many of the secrets of systems and two drainage systems the high-class villa estate have now CTRL suggesting that there may also have been revealed. We must, first of all, been a couple of baths. One of the thank Jack Clifton, the owner of DIGITAL drainage channels contained an Abbey Farm, for his patience with Fig. 3 ARCHIVE intact length of ceramic pipe – a the diggers and interest in the dig. quite rare find (fig 3). Thanks are also due to Dave Building 6 drainage pipe. CTRL During the two weeks at Perkins, Keith Parfitt, Emma Boast DIGITAL Minster the opportunity was taken and the other professionals for the Participants in recent years will to carry out a further geophysical guidance they have given to nearly also feel that thanks are due to one ARCHIVE survey of part of the field using the 200 different amateurs who have of the regular excavators (who CTRL new resistivity meter recently pur- participated in the dig. For many of prefers to remain anonymous) who DIGITAL chased by the Society. This survey these, Minster was a first experi- has kept up the morale (and the appears to have identified the ence of archaeological excavation, waist lines) by the copious supply of ARCHIVE remains of a 40m diameter, circular meeting the KAS objective of pro- cake! CTRL feature, surrounded by a sub-rec- viding an opportunity for members tangular enclosure. A trial trench to dig. Chris Pout DIGITAL ARCHIVE CTRL DIGITAL ARCHIVE CTRL DIGITAL CTRL ARCHAEOLOGY DIGITAL ARCHIVE rom 16 September researchers CTRL around the world will have DIGITAL access to data from one of the biggest archaeological projects ARCHIVE ever undertaken in the UK, CTRL thanks to a collaboration DIGITAL between archaeologists from the Archaeology Data Service at the ARCHIVE University of York and the Channel CTRL Tunnel Rail Link project. This utilisa- tion of the world wide web, will enable DIGITAL researchers to study the findings ARCHIVE online and for free from anywhere in the world. CTRL The CTRL is Britain’s first major DIGITAL new railway for over a century, and will run between St Pancras Station in ARCHIVE London, and the Channel Tunnel near CTRL Fo l kestone. The first section of the DIGITAL high speed rail link through Ke n t opened to commercial services in ARCHIVE autumn 2003. The full link will be Fig 2: Recording the soil sequence which overlay the neolithic longhouse at White Horse Stone. completed to London St Pancras in © Union Railways. early 2007. For over ten years, archaeologists placed on the ADS in a series of phas- elements of fieldwork are completed employed by the CTRL project have es. The first phase, now available from North Kent to London St Pancras, been investigating the archaeology of on the ADS, relates to Section 1 of and as the detailed analysis work pro- Kent, Essex and the high speed rail gresses. London. Work in link (fig 1). It Over forty excavations were carried advance of construc- comprises details out along this first 46km stretch tion has revealed an of evaluations and revealing a wealth of data including impressively rich fieldwork, interim the first Neolithic longhouse to be array of informa- reports, site plans, found in Kent (fig 2), Bronze Age ring tion. artifacts and envi- ditches, Iron Age settlements (fig 3), a The vast range ronmental data- Roman villa, a Romano-British ceme- of data produced bases. More infor- tery, two Anglo-Saxon cemeteries and during archaeologi- mation will be a medieval moated site. cal works will be Fig 1: The CTRL screen. added as further Though the ADS has been working

Autumn 2004 2 KAS New Records Series Vol. 4, P.1, 2004. Archaeologie Lieigoise Vol. CXI (2000) 2003. Archaeologische Romisch Van Zoudost Vlaanderen Vo l . XIII, 2002. LI B R A RY NOTES Place Names of Shropshire P.4. (E.P.N.S). Northamptonshire Archaeology Vol. 30. Whitstable - History at the Horsebridge. (Geoffrey Pike). NEW ACQUISITIONS Beauty of East Kent Countryside and its Churches. (Video). MARCH - AUGUST 2004 Bonner Jahrbuch. 2000 (2003). LIBRARY Records of Buckinghamshire Vol. 44, 2004. NOTES Bede Clerks Roll Vols. 39, 1 and 2. (London Record Society). ’s Archaeology 2002-2003. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal Vol. 124, 2004. LIBRARY Bygone Kent Vol.25 Nos. 3,4,5,6,7,8. Story of the Wye Crown. NOTES Christopher of Seal - A Kentish Family (Anne Clinch). Archaeometry Vol.46. P.2. Fishery Settlements around the North Sea in the Middle History of the Church of St. Michael and All Saints, LIBRARY Ages and later. Throwley. (John Owen). NOTES Study of Place Names of the Pre-Conquest Kentish Charters. Archaeologia Cantiana Vol. CXXIV 2004. LIBRARY (PhD Thesis). Archaeologie in Vlaanderen. Monografe 4. Wiltshire Studies Vol. 97, 2004. Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society Vol. 125, NOTES Medieval Archaeology Vol. 48, 2004. 2002. LIBRARY Materialhefte Zur Archaeologie (Stuttgart) Heft 56, 2004. Archaeological Journal Vol. 160, 2003 (R.A.I.). Greater London Quarterly Review, two Vols. March 2004, NOTES June 2004. (EH London). LIBRARY LIBRARY & NOTES MUNIMENTS COMMITTEE LIBRARY NOTES At the AGM in May, Dr Bob Spain gave a presentation on the LIBRARY Committee’s work. Reproduced here is an overview of his talk. NOTES Most of you will know that the Society’s Library is LIBRARY DIGITAL ARCHIVE housed in Museum, where most of the Society’s NOTES artefacts are also stored and displayed. The Library and with web-delivery of archaeological archives for several Muniments Committee has 10 members, meets regularly LIBRARY years, the CTRL archive is the first time it has worked with during the year in the Society’s Library, and provides reports NOTES commercially-sponsored research. to the Council on its activities and developments. The Dr Julian Richards, Director of ADS, said: “This is a big Honorary Librarian is Dr Frank Panton and the Honorary LIBRARY step for us. It’s the first time we’ve become involved in a Curator Dr Mike Still. There is, in addition, an extensive NOTES major commercial research contract. It shows the value of number of people who give time and labour, including spe- LIBRARY collaborating with private companies which will allow us cialist skills, to support the Committee in its numerous to bring new discoveries to the attention of academic activities. NOTES researchers.” The terms of reference of the Committee understand- LIBRARY “Although increasing numbers of universities are ably relate to the custodianship of the Society’s collections active in archaeological research, the vast majority of books, visual records, manuscripts, artefacts, and the NOTES of archaeological development and maintenance of websites. These terms LIBRARY research take s include acquiring and acting as custodian of the collections place for com- that include artefacts, journals, books, pamphlets and NOTES mercial reasons. ephemera on the history and archaeology of Kent, its cities, LIBRARY Private develop- towns, villages, churches and buildings together with a ers are required large number of old photographs, drawings, paintings and NOTES to fund res- manuscript notebooks and records bequeathed by notable LIBRARY earch when their Kentish historians and antiquaries. NOTES works have an The library is open to members seven days per week on Fig 3: The carefully buried Iron Age horse from effect on archae- presentation of a KAS Membership card, and to non- LIBRARY Northumberland Bottom near . ologically sensi- Members by appointment. NOTES tive areas.” The Society has a valuable collection of artefacts within “Thanks to electronic communications, we can make the Museum, many of which are currently displayed. One LIBRARY these records available to anyone who is interested.” of the first tasks for the Honorary Curator over the last few NOTES CTRL archaeologist Jay Carver says, “There appears to years was to create a complete accessions register, by be a knowledge gap between the academic and public extracting information on the KAS collection from index LIBRARY archaeological community and developer funded work – cards that were mixed indiscriminately with Maidstone NOTES the ADS makes it possible to attempt to fill that gap by Museum’s own accessions records. Using this new KAS making results easily accessible for private and profession- accessions database, he has been able to answer queries al researchers alike.” received from Members and non-Members of the Society. “The CTRL Archaeology Project is pleased to place their These range from requests for information on objects electronic archive with the ADS and sees it as a key part of known to be in the collection, to general questions as to its dissemination strategy.” whether we possess any items of a particular type or from a Helen J Glass, Archaeology Manager for Rail Link particular area of the County. He also gives Engineering permission for researchers to study items in the KAS collection. ADS: http://ads.ahds.ac.uk CTRL: www.ctrl.co.uk continued on page 4 Autumn 2004 3 continued from page 3 continues to grow – over 1000 visitors consulted the ‘intro- ductory page’ to the contents of all 123 volumes during April The other important task is to ensure that the objects 2004. Transcriptions of Leland Duncan’s Medieval and are properly conserved. On a day-to-day basis we rely on the Tudor Wills are continually being added to the site and the humidity and temperature controls within the Museum, introductory page received over 1500 visits during the same but remedial conservation work is still needed at times. month. In addition, visual records are being scanned and Since most artefacts in the KAS collection are in storage added to the website. with Maidstone Museum’s own collections – only a limited Visits to the ‘org’ website come from all over the world, number can be displayed at any one time – the Honorary and during April 2004, the total number of visits was near- LIBRARY Curator is happy to accept the advice of the Keeper of ly 18,000, with a daily average of 591. The number of pages Human History who has direct access to the material. Joint visited was over 74,000, with a daily average of nearly 2500. NOTES & inspections of KAS material occur to assess conservation Project Manager of the ‘ac’ website is Denis Anstey. This LINK UPS needs. site has been established for academic research use, and the LIBRARY The Society also has a collection of 42 portraits of the reputation and integrity of the site is therefore paramount. Twysden family, dating from the sixteenth century The Library book-stock catalogue is continually being up- NOTES & onwards, which are displayed at Bradbourne House, East dated and the Gordon Ward catalogue is currently being cre- LINK UPS Malling, where they may be visited by Members of the ated. Both of these are entered by a professional librarian, Society. This collection was bequeathed to the Society by Sir thus ensuring the integrity of the databases and the correct LIBRARY John Twisden, and accepted in 1938 following the death of entry style. The visual records catalogue is being added to. NOTES & Sir John, the last of his line. Electronic publishing on this website, with Joy Sage main- There are a great number of people who voluntarily pro- taining the database, provides a great potential for the LINK UPS vide regular help to the Committee. A recent count showed S o c i e t y. Currently databases are being prepared of the LIBRARY there to be at least 26 volunteers. They work singly or in Society’s material held at the County Archives, and of acces- groups on various projects, for example currently these sioned material. An artefacts record has been completed. NOTES & include; books, shelf cleaning and maintenance – as you In addition to all these working groups, there is a con- LINK UPS know we have a book collection of 3500 national journals tinuous rota of volunteers that attend the Library during LIBRARY and county journals, including Kent, Surrey and Sussex opening hours, to help and advise Members who wish to journals and a similar number of Kent Topography and gen- access the library stock and collections. NOTES & eral books. Under the leadership of Frank Panton, recent achieve- LINK UPS We also have a group of volunteers working on Visual ments have included transforming the Library with more Records and data entry. They also index new acquisitions, appropriate furniture, providing easier use by researchers, LIBRARY when our computers and catalogues are essential, and do and enabling groups of up to 25 to hold seminars – witness NOTES & work relating to our manuscript collections including sort- the success of the recent Lectures in the Library. He has also ing and indexing the Hussey files of genealogical and fam- undertaken reorganization of books on shelves; protected LINK UPS ily history information and the Gordon Ward papers. the more valuable and rare books within locked cabinets; LIBRARY Finally, they are involved in updating the websites, of which provided a health and safety guide book concerning use of the KAS has two, which we often identify simply as ‘org’ the Library and provided a guide book to assist in locating NOTES & and ‘ac’. books within the Library, Marsham Street and Bradbourne LINK UPS The ‘org’ site has a research section managed by Ted House. A sub-committee of the KAS Pu b l i c a t i o n s LIBRARY Connell. This is a fast developing and growing site and the Committee has been formed, chaired by Frank Panton, to statistics given here will probably be outdated! The advise on the possibilities for electronic publication of future NOTES & research section now contains over 6500 individual web KAS publications. LINK UPS pages and during the month of April this year, visitors Finally, you are all very welcome to the Library, and if entered the site via a total of over 3000 separate pages. any of you would like to take part in these LIBRARY Monumental Inscriptions of Kent churchyards are being various activities, Frank would be very pleased to hear from NOTES & added to every month and the on-line Archaeologia Cantiana you. LINK UPS LIBRARY NOTES & LINK UPS LIBRARY WOULD YOU LIKE TO LINK UP? NOTES & anterbury Archaeological been within Canterbury District 462062 or e.mail to marion- Trust Education Service has and we are interested in extend- [email protected]. LINK UPS on a number of occasions ing educational activity into cen- LIBRARY made successful contribu- tral/west Kent. Do NOTES & tions to events hosted by you host an event other organisations. Some where a CAT con- LINK UPS examples would be National tribution would be Archaeology Day, and Science, welcome? Engineering and Te c h n o l o g y You can con- Week, both with Canterbury tact Marion Green, Museums, Church Schools Day C AT Education with Canterbury Cathedral Officer and discuss Education Service and Science ideas you may Day with Greenacre School have at CAT, 92A (Secondary), Chatham – all annu- Broad Street, al events. Canterbury CT1 Most such events to date have 2 LU, tel: 01227 National Science Week, looking at the Medieval diet.

Autumn 2004 4 RO M A NA I S L E D BU I L D I N GATH O GB R O O K xcavation by students of ROMAN the Kent Archaeological BUILDING AT Field School this summer HOG BROOK at Hog Brook, close to Deerton Street and just ROMAN to the north of Wa t l i n g BUILDING AT Street (the A2), revealed an exceptionally well-preserved HOG BROOK early Roman stone-built aisled ROMAN building which continued in use into the Saxon period. BUILDING AT Full details of the excavation HOG BROOK will not be given here but will be ROMAN in the final report to be published later this year. BUILDING AT From geophysical survey con- HOG BROOK ducted as part of the student coursework it is clear the building fig 1 ROMAN was not isolated but associated BUILDING AT with other buildings in the vicin- ity and the large Roman villa HOG BROOK located to the west of the spring. of a small cow. ROMAN This villa has been excavated by Stamped Samain pottery students of the Field School over from the initial builders trench BUILDING AT four seasonal campaigns and date the construction of this mas- HOG BROOK dates from the early 2nd century sive stone building from 80AD to ROMAN to the 5th century. 95AD whilst Saxon pottery and a The large Roman villa estate gilt bronze brooch found on the BUILDING AT is one of a number found in late Roman floor show the build- fig 3 HOG BROOK recent years by Dr Paul Wilkinson ing continued in use until at least along the line of Watling Street. the 5th century. ROMAN All are located around a spring, The building was destroyed BUILDING AT set back from Watling Street and by fire as attested by burnt roof with easy access to the sea. It timbers still surviving under the HOG BROOK seems the area farmed is about fallen tiled roof. ROMAN 2000 acres per villa and at With so much surviving from Deerton Street there can be the building it is possible to state BUILDING AT recognised in the modern field that the design was of an arcaded HOG BROOK boundaries field divisions of 20 stone building with clerestory fig 4 ROMAN actus square, the classic field lighting, with separate nave and shape from the Roman period. aisle roofs of a type favoured by BUILDING AT The spring at Deerton Street Collingwood, Richmond and oth- mon with a basilica in a Roman HOG BROOK is called Hog Brook, and on the ers (Collingwood & Richmond forum than with a medieval east bank field-walking located 1969, 149). aisled barn (figs 3 & 4). Why such the remains of a substantial The building shows that for an architecturally sophisticated Roman building which on exca- this villa estate at least, a basilical stone building should have been vation turned out to be 35m 70cm prototype was drawn upon for built so early in the Kentish coun- (117ft 2inches) long and 15m the aisled building, and that in tryside can probably be answered 40cm (50ft 7inches) wide, with form it had much more in com- by one word - corn. The Romans twenty substantial stone piers needed huge amounts, and this still surviving to the first course building, established early with (fig 1). The late Roman floors the villa estate in one of the most were still intact, as was, amazing- fertile parts of Kent, its huge side l y, a fallen Roman rectangular entrances and a deepwater chan- column built of Kentish ragstone nel abutting the rear of the build- and Tufa blocks mortared togeth- ing, allowed barges to load and er with a double line of Roman unload alongside this huge ware- tiles spaced vertically every 1m house with ease. 08cm to 1m 15cm (fig 2). Dr Paul Wilkinson Under the fallen 6m column fig 2 Director Kent Archaeological there was the articulated skeleton Field School

Autumn 2004 5 Le c t u res, Conferences, Courses and Events

Lectures, Conferences,KAS Courses EVENTS and Events COURSES

LECTURES, KAS Christmas Lunch, Saturday 27 November in the Hall WEA Course - Archaeological Field Techniques CONFERENCES, of Wye College Wednesdays 2-4pm, Camden Centre, Royal Victoria Place, COURSES AND Reception with bar open from 11am. Second-hand bookstall Tunbridge Wells. Fee: £80 standard, £60 reduced, £5 mini- and gift stall will be open. Members are invited to bring their mum. Contact Valerie Farebrother, Ambleside, Riverhall Hill, EVENTS own publications. The traditional Christmas lunch will be Frant, Tunbridge Wells TN3 9EP. LECTURES, served at 12.00. An alternative vegetarian menu is available if pre-ordered. CONFERENCES, After lunch, Michael Gandy, an eminent researcher and writer, LECTURES COURSESAND will entertain in lively fashion, telling us what music hall songs can reveal about Victorian and Edwardian life. EVENTS We are then invited to a tour of a Grade II* Jacobean house in Tonbridge Historical Society . Lecture series, Thursdays, LECTURES, Wye, the home of our member Ian Coulson (a recommendation 7.45pm in the Adult Education Centre, Tonbridge. in itself!). The afternoon will close with a cup of tea at a local 28 October CONFERENCES, pub. Kent Women – Famous, Infamous & Unsung Chris McCooey COURSESAND Saturday 27 November 2.30pm EVENTS 2 presentations: English Timber Framed Buildings & Constructing a Medieval Cathedral both by David Carder. Tea interval. LECTURES, Booking necessary – details from Sec on 01732 838698 CONFERENCES, 6 January ‘05 1945. The exile of the East Prussians: Hitler’s last sacrifice? Isabel COURSES AND Denny EVENTS 17 February ’05 Support for the Fleet: the Royal Dockyards at the time of Trafalgar LECTURES, Jonathan Coad CONFERENCES, 7 April ’05 7.30pm COURSES AND AGM, followed by lecture Further details from Shiela Broomfield. Tel: 01732 838698. EVENTS LECTURES, CONFERENCES, The Grade II* Jacobean house in Wye. Bexley Local Studies & Archive Centre Winter Talks All talks at 7.30pm at Hall Place Price to cover meal and expenses is £20.00. Please return the COURSES AND All talks cost £3.50 or £4.00. To order tickets and for further booking form enclosed with this newsletter to reserve your information tel: 020 8301 1545. EVENTS place. Tuesday 16 November LECTURES, Under Our Feet; Archaeology in Bexley Today Tony Thomas CONFERENCES, Tuesday 7 December Underground Kent Rod Le Gear COURSESAND OTHER EVENTS FROM AROUND Wednesday 19 January ‘05 EVENTS THE COUNTY Fashion Accessories; Hats, Shoes and Gloves Lee Ault LECTURES, Wednesday 23 March ‘05 Rural Survivors Malcolm Barr-Hamilton CONFERENCES, COURSESAND CONFERENCES EVENTS Historical Society Talks Council for Kentish Archaeology Meetings held on Thursdays at the Undercroft, St Nicholas’ LECTURES, Celebrating 40 years of Archaeological Discoveries in Church at 8pm. All Talks £1.50 except for 4 November which Kent on Saturday 6 November, 2-5.30pm CONFERENCES, is free. Canterbury Christ Church University College 4 November COURSESAND Illustrated talks: The Meaning of the First World War Prof. Hew Stratchan, All Souls EVENTS The Discovery of the Roman Religious Town at Springhead Victor Smith College, Oxford. Excavating the Roman Forts at Dover and Reculver Brian Philp 18 November Presentation workshops with finds and plans, led by: The Campaign and Battle of Trafalgar Colin White, Director, & District Archaeological Society, Springhead Trafalgar National Maritime Museum and Deputy Director, E xcavation Group, Lower Medway Archaeological Re s e a r c h Royal Naval Museum Group, and West Kent Archaeological Group, Upchurch 27 January ’05 Archaeological Research Group, Dover Archaeological Group. The Coastal Shipping Trades and Harbours of the Thames Estuary Tickets £4, available from CKA, 7 Sandy Ridge, Borough Green 1800-1950 Roy Walker TN15 8HP. Cheques payable to CKA. Further information avail- 24 February ’05 able on www.the-cka.fsnet.co.uk or from Conference Organiser, The Story of the Dance Band Days 1920s, 30s and 40s Don Dray Ruth Plummer, tel: 0208 7777872 email: davru58- 24 March ’05 [email protected]. The Life of William Morris Dai Evans, Property Manager, Petworh

Autumn 2004 6 21 April ’05 Speakers include: The Edwardian Eye of Andrew Pitcairn-Knowles (early photo Keith Parfitt - Dover, Andrew Butcher - Hythe, Gill Draper & journalist) Richard Pitcairn-Knowles Frank Meddens - New Romney, Peter Marsden - Hastings, David Martin - Winchelsea, Helen Clarke – multi-disciplinary projects at Sandwich & Rye. Gustav Milne will provide an EVENTS ELSEWHERE Introduction & Summing Up. Conference chaired by David Rudling. Event also includes the CBA SE AGM. British Archaeological Association LECTURES, The Association welcomes visitors who wish to attend occa- For further details or application form please send A5 s.a.e. to sional meetings. Meetings are on Wednesdays at 5pm in the David Morriss, CCE, Arts E201, University of Sussex, Falmer, CONFERENCES, rooms of the Society of Antiquaries, Burlington House, Brighton, E.Sussex BN1 9QQ. COURSES AND Piccadilly. It is requested that non-BAA members make them- selves known to the Hon.Director and sign the Visitor’s Book. EVENTS Programme of Meetings: AND 3 November Ouse Valley Project Symposium on Saturday 20 Romanesque England and Western France: a traffic in small things November 10am-5pm LETTERSTO John McNeil Centre for Continuing Education, University of Sussex. THE EDITOR 1 December The launch of a major new interdisciplinary landscape LECTURES, Books, religion and Latin literacy in medieval English nunneries research project studying the Sussex Ouse from sources to sea. Dr Anne Lawrence An outline of the Sussex Ouse Research Project Prof. Peter Drewett CONFERENCES, 5 January ‘05 Changes in rural land management & farming practices in and COURSESAND Lord Leicester’s remodelling of Kenilworth Castle for Elizabeth I around the Ouse Valley and their impact on the downland landscape Dr Richard K Morris Dr Sue Berry EVENTS 2 February ‘05 Industrial archaeology of the Ouse Valley John Blackwell & Ron AND The façade of the great church from the 4th to the 12th centuries Martin Barrie Singleton Iron Making in the Ouse basin Jeremy Hodgkinson LETTERSTO 2 March ‘05 Sticky Challenge: cohesive sediment movement & accumulation in the THE EDITOR The Hotel Saint- Pol, Paris, main residence of the Valois kings Ouse estuary Richard Charman 1364-1422 Mary Whiteley Sussex wetland-rich woodlands – rebuilding a lost habitat type Dr LECTURES, 6 April ‘05 Tony Whitbread CONFERENCES, Who, where, what and why? Trondheim Cathedral and its decoration From bank to bank: crossing the River Ouse in (pre)history John COURSESAND in the 12th century James F King Bleach 4 May ‘05 Making the most of memory: the Ouse Valley Oral History Project Dr EVENTS Architecture and patronage at Croxden Abbey Dr Jackie Hall Alistair Thomson AND Fee (includes tea/coffee) £30, student rate £10, concession £5. LETTERSTO Optional pre-booked lunch £7.50. To book tel: 01273 877888 or email: [email protected] or download an enrolment form THE EDITOR Council for British Archaeology South-East in association with from www.sussex.ac.uk/cce/news/ouse. the Centre for Continuing Education, University of Sussex. LECTURES, The Cinque Ports: Archaeology and Heritage on CONFERENCES, Saturday 13 November . COURSESAND EVENTS AND LETTERSTO LETTERS TO THE EDITOR THE EDITOR AUTUMN 2004 LECTURES, CONFERENCES, Dear Editor for research pre-1700. We know origin of the name Culmar and COURSES AND that several Culmers were ship hence Culmer. EVENTS An internet search for any owners and mariners and held Would there, for instance, have mention of Richard Culmer, who lands in several areas of Kent. In been any archaeology of the late AND allegedly built the pier at our research we have of course medieval pier and Culmer boat LETTERS TO Broadstairs and built boats there examined parish records, wills, building yards on what is now the in the 15th century, led me to your hearth taxes etc, and several for- beach at Broadstairs? THE EDITOR Newsletter article last year on ays have been made to the CCA We would be grateful for any Archbishop Laud and the com- and CKS. advice and guidance that KA S plaint of Richard (Blue Dick) An undated newspaper article members may be able to give us in Culmer. in my possession records a lecture our research. I am one of several descen- at Broadstairs quite some time ago dants of Blue Dick’s cousin George by a Dr Hugh Raven, in which he Alan Johnson (not yet 100% proven) spread proposed that among the lands Essex around the world, who are held by the Culmer family in researching the origins of the Thanet there was a wooded hill Responses to Mr Johnson’s enquiry Culmer family of Thanet and I above the sea (long since totally can be mailed to [email protected] wondered whether any of your logged for their boat building) and or posted to the Newsletter editor at the members could suggest sources that this ‘Collis Maris’ was the usual address.

Autumn 2004 7 A HISTORY OF MEMBERSHIP MATTERS LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETIES Please remember to let me know about any changes of address to ensure that you receive your copies of the Newsletter and Archaeologia NOTICE Cantiana. BOARD With the approach of There has been a problem this year with banks not processing the first NOTICE the Society’s 150th payment when instructed, which is why I have written to many of you BOARD anniversary in 2007, the who pay by Banker’s Order. I am not sure what is going wrong with the NOTICE Trustees of the Allen Grove banking system as a few of them are paying annual subscriptions Local History Fund are con- monthly! Please check your bank statements and contact me if you are BOARD sidering commissioning a experiencing any problems. NOTICE history of local archaeologi- cal, antiquarian and history Those of you who pay by cheque will receive a letter and request for the BOARD Societies in Kent up to renewal of your subscription for 2005 sometime in December. Please NOTICE 1914. The Trustees will reply as soon as possible so that I can update my records. welcome any views on BOARD the merits of this proposal I am pleased to welcome the following new members: NOTICE and how it should be BOARD approached. AFFILIATED SOCIETIES A person or organisa- Stelling Minnis & Upper Hardres Historical Society, C/o Church Lane NOTICE tion will be needed to carry Cottage, Harvest Lane, Stelling Minnis, Canterbury, Kent, CT4 6AX BOARD out the research and write the text. The Trustees are JOINT MEMBERS NOTICE looking for a volunteer or Vigne, Mr & Mrs R, 23 Admiralty Mews, Walmer, Deal, Kent, CT14 7AZ BOARD suggestions of someone ORDINARY MEMBERS NOTICE suitable who may be able to undertake this. Benn, Mrs J M, 27 Nardoo Crescent, O’Connor, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia BOARD The Fund will pay the Bowler, Miss P, 33 Westfields, Pluckley, Ashford, Kent, TN27 0PW NOTICE out of pocket expenses Cooksey, Mr A, 82 Brattlewood, Sevenoaks, Kent, TN13 1QT BOARD involved in the research and arrange publication. Diack, Mr M, Canterbury Achaeological Trust, NOTICE The detailed arrangements BOARD will be negotiated with the 92A Broad Street, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 2LU person chosen to undertake Houliston, Mr M C C, 36 Martyr’s Field Road, Canterbury, Kent, CT1 3PX NOTICE the work. BOARD Anyone interested in Leaf, Ms H, 6 Muddy Lane Cottages, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME10 4LU. undertaking the work, or Levy, Mr M, 4 Lammas Gate, Abbey Street, Faversham, Kent, ME13 7ND NOTICE who wishes to make any BOARD suggestions, is invited to Phillpott, Mr M, 50 Cross Road, Birchington, Kent, CT7 9HW write to the Hon. Secretary, Robinson, Mr K R, 19 Frognal Lane, Teynham, Sittingbourne, Kent, ME9 9DE NOTICE Mr A.I. Moffat at Three BOARD Elms, Woodlands Lane, Sutherland, Mrs L S, 24 Greenoak Rise, , , Kent, TN16 3RL NOTICE Shorne, Gravesend, DA 1 2 3HH or email him at the The address for all correspondence relating to membership is: BOARD address below. Mrs Shiela Broomfield, KAS Membership, 8 Woodview Crescent, NOTICE Hildenborough, Tonbridge TN11 9HD. tel: 01732 838698 email: [email protected] or [email protected] BOARD NOTICE BOARD KAS CONTACTS NOTICE BOARD Hon. Gen. Secretary NOTICE Andrew Moffat, Three Elms, Woodlands Lane, Shorne, Gravesend DA12 3HH BOARD Email: secretary@ke n t a r c h a e o l o g y. o r g . u k NOTICE H o n . Tr e a s u r e r BOARD Robin Thomas, 1 Abchurch Yard, Abchurch Lane, London EC4N 7BA Email: treasurer@ke n t a r c h a e o l o g y. o r g . u k

Autumn 2004 You and Your Society 8 KAS COMMITTEE ROUND-UP

led by Keith Parfitt of Canterbury nerd who needed to discover a life EDUCATION Archaeological Trust, began on apart from place-names, but he had NOTICE COMMITTEE Saturday 31 July. splendid slides of wet places and BOARD Littles Manor Fa r m , hilly places to illustrate his talk. He Sheldwich; further to detectorist mentioned nailbournes, streams NOTICE Members of the Education work at this site, trial trenching which flow intermittently, and their BOARD Committee have been busy. and a resistivity survey have been alternative name of Water of Woe, Material relating to Kent Ti t h e u n d e r t a ken. Roman tile, 2nd an ayl-bourne. He talked of Woden NOTICE Maps has been added to the century pottery and painted plas- and the heavens opened, thunder BOARD Society’s research website, with ter were recovered. roared, lightning cracked and the NOTICE more to follow. Canterbury A site at Thurnham; leading computer faltered – but happily Archaeological Trust is in partner- from detectorist finds from a pos- recovered. We had over half an BOARD ship with Christ Church University sible high status grave(s), inch of rain. Those who had left NOTICE College on a new IT project for Andrew Richardson has carried their lunches in the station car park Kent schools and young members out an excavation at the site. decided that biscuits were filling BOARD of North Downs YAC have been out Further details appear on pages enough. NOTICE and about including making a visit 14 & 15 of the newsletter. After lunch Dr Parsons, using to Wye led by the Committee’s Abbey Farm, Minster; for this ‘staple’ as his example (nice touch), BOARD chairman, local resident Ian season (the eighth), Building 6 showed how the EPNS gathers NOTICE Coulson. A number of other edu- and a late Roman feature at the early examples of each place-name cational projects are on-going or in centre of the complex have been to tease out its meaning from the BOARD the process of discussion, includ- excavated. A resistivity survey spelling. He talked of soon-to-be- NOTICE ing planning for a new carried out by Brian and Carole p u t-in-place opportunities for BOARD Archaeology Resource Centre for McNaughton revealed a circular Digital Place-names and Distance Kent. The Committee agreed a feature, of about 40m diameter, at Learning, and of the ‘Key to English NOTICE proposal of £5000 towards CAT’s the north end of the field. Results Place Names’ at www. n o t t i n g- BOARD current education work and £300 of the trial trench across this fea- h a m . a c . u k / e n g l i s h / i n s / e p n t e s t / i n t r o was granted towards the activities ture appear on page 2. The resis- .html. Soon, when a full licence NOTICE of North Downs YA C. The tivity survey of the whole field is has been negotiated, the latter will BOARD Education Committee was repre- now complete. cover England: with one licence sented at the Society’s History & David Bacchus o n l y, it shows Nottinghamshire. NOTICE Archaeology Show at Maidstone From the autumn he intends Kent BOARD Museum in June, where visitors to replace Nottingham as the active enjoyed hearing about recent exemplar. NOTICE involvement with Maidstone’s PLACE NAMES The final talk by Dr Cullen was BOARD school children and other educa- COMMITTEE on via places round NOTICE tional work supported by the about. He spoke of Anglo-Saxon Society. Day Conference on 17 July nicknames such as *Ot and *Bidda, BOARD Marion Green (Sec) Nearly 100 people came to the whose owners probably founded NOTICE Free Church at Staplehurst to lis- Otford and Biddenden, and more ten to Dr David Parsons, Director enthusiastically of the Slay Brook, BOARD FIELDWORK of the Institute for Name-Studies, NW of Saltwood, where they had NOTICE COMMITTEE University of Nottingham, and Dr spent Friday looking for clary or Paul Cullen, also from the slary (wild sage), and found none. BOARD Institute, and the Committee’s Better botanists might though, as NOTICE Archaeological Assistance for Academic Advisor, give four lec- its distribution map shows it close BOARD Detectorists tures on place-names. b y. He ended up with staples, Plans are in progress to form a Using 8 examples, Dr Parsons emphatically not markets but NOTICE county-wide archaeological adviso- illustrated the various languages pillars or poles, erected at bound- BOARD ry service for detectorists. It is pro- and combinations of languages aries or fords. One illustration posed that the county be divided from which our place-names showed an Anglo-Saxon carved NOTICE into areas, with each area having a derive, including one or two defi- stone. Staplehurst’s, which marked BOARD designated person(s) to advise nite unknowns. He pointed out the Marden/Cranbrook hundred detectorists, each advisor issuing a how sparse are the texts in the boundary where it crossed the NOTICE contact phone number. earlier languages, so that proba- Roman road, would have been a BOARD ble forms marked with * and ** workaday wooden post. Excavation abound, being as solidly valid as Pat Harlow, who acted as NOTICE Ringlemere; leading from a the state of the material can Chairman, thanked the speakers, BOARD survey of this site, at least 10 ring- reach. the Church, the washers-up and ditch barrows are within the close Dr Cullen had recently been the audience. It was a very enjoy- vicinity of the gold cup find-spot. filmed for ITV Meridian. He was able day. This year’s season of excavation, indignant at his billing as the Anita Thompson

You and Your Society Autumn 2004 9 ELEPHANT HUNTERS

ELEPHANT HUNTERS AT AT EBBSFLEET EBBSFLEET xcavation in April in came across it alive and then ELEPHANT advance of the Channel killed it, as they would have HUNTERS AT Tunnel Rail Link revealed needed the meat to be fresh. an undisturbed Lower Sharp and heavy wooden spears EBBSFLEET Palaeolithic landsurface in were used by the people of this ELEPHANT the Ebbsfleet Valley near period – an elephant skeleton at HUNTERS AT Swanscombe. Lehringen, Germany, had the Francis Wenban-Smith, spe- remains of a 7 foot yew spear EBBSFLEET cialist advisor to Oxford between its ribs. ELEPHANT Archaeology on the Pa l a e o l i t h i c , Other evidence from the site spotted the site’s potential whilst has provided a clear picture of the HUNTERS AT carrying out routine monitoring. past environment and climate. EBBSFLEET I n i t i a l l y, follow-up investigations Faunal remains and pollen indi- revealed only a few artefacts and cate that the elephant met its end ELEPHANT no faunal remains; however, as by a lake surrounded by wood- HUNTERS AT excavation progressed, near what land, probably with some open was once the edge of a small lake, areas due to heavy grazing, in a EBBSFLEET part of an extinct form of straight- climate similar to, or warmer ELEPHANT tusked elephant preserved in the than, the present day. Dating of HUNTERS AT boggy sediment was revealed. the site has been achieved Beside the skeleton the archaeolo- through examination of excavat- EBBSFLEET gists found a concentration of flint ed vole teeth, since a detailed ELEPHANT tools, lying undisturbed where they Above and below: excavation continues at framework of vole species evolu- were discarded around 400,000 the Ebbsfleet site searching for more tion over the last million years HUNTERS AT years ago. remains of the Straight-Tusked Elephant has been constructed. Of the two The finds have excited archae- (Palaeoloxodon antiqus) illustrated in the species found at Ebbsfleet, one EBBSFLEET sketch at the foot of the page. ELEPHANT ologists, in part because this is the ©QAPhotos/CTRC - produced by the kind has been extinct in England for most complete elephant skeleton in permission of Union Railways. the last 400,000 years, the other HUNTERS AT Britain to date, only four others has only been present EBBSFLEET being known – two in the Lower contact with bone for the last 500,000 Thames, one at Upnor, Kent and whilst cutting meat years. This evidence, ELEPHANT another at Aveley, Essex. None of off the carcass. together with that of HUNTERS AT these had any associated Speculation sur- the flora and fauna archaeological evidence, and all rounds the question indicative of climate, EBBSFLEET were more recent than the of whether the ele- points to the period of ELEPHANT Ebbsfleet example. phant was deliber- the Hoxnian inter- Most fascinating is the evi- ately driven into glacial, a warm phase HUNTERS AT dence for butchery of the animal the boggy ground, for which deposits are EBBSFLEET shown by the flint tools. These or whether it also preserved at were manufactured on the spot, as became trapped on nearby Swanscombe. ELEPHANT refitting debitage (waste flakes and its own; either way The hunters who HUNTERS AT chips) and cores were found. it appears that a exploited the ele- EBBSFLEET Slight damage on some sharp edges band of early phant were of the probably reflects their coming into- hominid hunters same early species of ELEPHANT hominid as the HUNTERS AT famous ‘Swanscombe Man’, whose skull parts were found over EBBSFLEET 50 years ago. Their brain size was about 75% of ours, but they were probably not fundamentally dif- ferent in their intellectual capabil- ities, and they walked fully upright. They must have at least possessed the necessary strategies to have effected the kill and butchery of an animal which stood up to twice the height of a man and weighed 3 or 4 times as much as a car. Information taken from www.oxfor - Autumn 2004 darch.co.uk/pages/ctrlele_feature.html 10 TH EA R C H B I S H O P S ’PA L A C E , CH A R I N GO NB B CR E S T O R AT I O N2 hen the news Palace in Charing.’ THE b r o ke that the After the first eupho- ARCHBISHOPS’ A r c h b i s h o p s ’ ria, Tylden Re e d Palace at Charing brought us back to PALACE had been select- earth by saying ‘And THE ed to be one of now you will have to the representatives for the work twice as hard, ARCHBISHOP’S South East in a new you must persuade PALACE Restoration Series on BBC people to vote again, 2, there was great excite- which is not easy for THE ment and some apprehen- a second time’. ARCHBISHOPS’ sion amongst the popula- All Charing got to tion. We were given a cer- work again, more PALACE tain amount of guidance posters and postcards THE as to how to proceed and a were printed, up ARCHBISHOPS’ Campaign Committee was went the plane again set up under the over the whole of the PALACE Chairmanship of Ty l d e n c o u n t y, and one THE Reed. Sunday c.3000 people The film company enjoyed the privilege ARCHBISHOPS’ Endemol, under contract of entering the court- PALACE to BBC2, were contacting yard for a closer look. local people whom they Emails arrived offer- THE thought would be suitable ing support, not only ARCHBISHOPS’ to illustrate different from the county but PALACE aspects of the documen- nationally and coun- tary. My first effort was to tries far and wide. All THE totter around the village support in whatever ARCHBISHOPS’ with a very large basket, guise has been the second was to meet recorded with appre- PALACE inside the palace grounds ciation and will be THE with ‘Herbie’ Lockyer who kept with local has worked for the owners records. ARCHBISHOP’S for nigh on 50 years. We Finals day arrived Pat Winzar at the Palace gate. PALACE finished by inspecting a © Kentish Express and a coach to restored corbel that had Hampton Court was THE fallen from the wall of the Great sion and radio also joined the quickly filled. We arrived about 3 ARCHBISHOPS’ Hall and was found in a field. It team. We were spending our pm. and rehearsed with all the PALACE was eventually restored and put grants on banners, posters, post- other finalists until 9pm, when to rest in a bread basket and kept cards, placards, costumes etc. we ‘went live’. The public had THE under lock and key in ‘Herbie’s Information was delivered by an been sent out at the usual closing ARCHBISHOPS’ shed’ until the day when it can army of volunteers. time, but I don’t think they went go back on the wall of a restored At the annual Church fete, a far away because there came a PALACE Great Hall. procession was organised with time when the lighting displays THE Financial support was offered volunteer actors from all over the on Hampton Court were from the county and borough county depicting a visit switched on, as were the lights ARCHBISHOPS’ councils and local businesses in of Henry VIII and Queen on the very modern stage. The PALACE recognition of the palace’s impor- Catherine. At the time the King public had been readmitted and tant place in Kent’s history. was a young man and Princess there were people and children THE Several organisations, both with- Mary was about 6 years old. The everywhere on the grass from the ARCHBISHOPS’ in the county and nationally, Royal family had been staying in roped off area to the gates. The PALACE publicised the need for support in the Palace and came out to min- supporters for every final group their newsletters and by word of gle with the locals and watch had been marshalled into ‘pens’ mouth. Kent County Council local children dancing. We surrounding the sides of the gave us room on their stand at gained publicity and the Church stage and a TV presenter inter- the County Show. A group of a great deal more money than viewed the groups. At 9pm Griff Charing residents manned a they usually achieved. Three film Rhys-Jones introduced the pro- stand at the Cobtree event for the units were there. gramme and the first finalists Young Archaeologists. A plane Then came the day when we went up on the stage and were towing a banner was seen flying went to the Parish Hall to hear interviewed. round the county. The Messenger the results of the first round. Dr J. Litten of The Traditional Group editions supported us Everyone held their breath until Building Preservation Trust was week by week, as indeed did a commentator said ‘and the other county papers. Local televi- winner is the Archbishops’ continued on page 12

Autumn 2004 11 continued from page 11 have been stewarding every and support that have been forth- Sunday through September so coming and are promised for the to be interviewed first but ‘I that visitors can get a closer look future. could interrupt if I wanted to do at the courtyard and Great Hall. so’. My official contribution What of the future? The Pat Winzar would follow his and I was given Traditional Building Trust is still 30 seconds. I would be asked hoping to find funding for the The Campaign Committee wish to what I felt about the Palace and purchase and restoration of the say ‘thank you’ to all those Kent histo - NEW BOOKS tell the story of the corbel. Two complex. Once restored the Great rians and well-wishers who supported minutes later back came our Hall will become a most impres- the bid for the Archbishop’s Palace in NEW BOOKS ‘minder’ to say they were sive venue for concerts, exhibi- Charing, the only entry for the south- NEW BOOKS running late and that I would not tions, conferences, receptions, east in the final. Not only individuals be asked about the corbel only banquets etc., the present farm- supported us, but important organiza - NEW BOOKS having 20 seconds. On we house will be used as administra- tions in the county and nationally. NEW BOOKS went and I was asked the first tion offices, committee rooms Some sent funds and others circulated NEW BOOKS question and then was nearly and educational facilities, and their membership via Newsletters etc. thrown because Griff said ‘I the west range will house a Numerous letters have been received NEW BOOKS would like to hear about the find much-needed new parish hall wishing Charing success. It would be NEW BOOKS of the corbel.’ Luckily, I did with all modern facilities. Once invidious to mention supporters by remember most of it. restoration work is completed it name but you know who you are and NEW BOOKS We didn’t win the final but is hoped that the complex will be so do we. We can look to the future NEW BOOKS the interest that the event has run by a Charing Trust. with hope even though we were not caused has put Charing ‘on the We will have to continue the final winner. NEW BOOKS map’. Visitors have been coming working hard to help ourselves, NEW BOOKS in their hundreds hoping to see but have been heartened by Tylden Reed the palace, and local volunteers NEW BOOKS the spontaneous offers of help Chairman, Campaign Committee NEW BOOKS NEW BOOKS NEW BOOKS presents the building and its con- Towards a New Stone Age: NEW BOOKS tents, with various authorities on aspects of the Neolithic in NEW BOOKS the subject providing detail. The south-east England edited by NE WB O O K S children of the redundant school Jonathan Cotton and David Field. NEW BOOKS and the Foundlings who made CBA Research Report 137 £28.00, NEW BOOKS St Michael’s Church, East their homes in the parish are also 1 902771 39 7, 237pp. Peckham: Parish and People examined. A series of NEW BOOKS by Margaret Lawrence Available by post (pp £1.25) from r e g i o n a l NEW BOOKS 0 906746 60 4, £15.00 (hardback Barnfield, Church Lane, East o v e r v i e w s £17.00), 128 pages, 53 col. illus., NEW BOOKS Peckham TN12 5JJ. Cheque on such 33 b/w. payable to Margaret Lawrence. subjects as NEW BOOKS Using sources from every century, Proceeds to Church Conservation soils, aerial NEW BOOKS the author seeks people of both for the maintenance of St survey and high and low status whose lives Michael’s Church. h u m a n NEW BOOKS centred around their parish r e m a i n s , NEW BOOKS church. How did their beliefs Parish Portraits: Memories of with con- affect their lives, the church build- Willington, and t r i b u t i o n s NEW BOOKS ing and the community they lived Langley collected by Anne on specific NEW BOOKS in? The latter part of the book Clinch. £8.00. sites, arte- Photographs and reminiscences of facts and NEW BOOKS 3 parishes to the east of the natural NEW BOOKS Maidstone, mostly covering the environment. Intended as a sum- NEW BOOKS period from 1940 to the mary of recent work and a late 1960’s. The reminder of the rich- NEW BOOKS amassing of a ness and diversity of NEW BOOKS parish archive, the record available on which this for study in the NEW BOOKS book is based, south-east. 21 diverse NEW BOOKS received the sup- subjects range from port of the Allen an examination of Grove Local Thanet’s oval barrows History Fund. by Dave Perkins, to an Available by ethnography of prehis- post (pp £2.00) toric flint extraction on from 3 Milners, the South Downs by Upper Street, Pete Topping to ‘Trans- Leeds manche: l’entente cor- ME17 1GZ. diale or vive la differ- Cheque payable ence’ by Ian Kinnes. to A.Clinch.

Autumn 2004 12 30 YEARS OF EVOLUTION rom its beginnings in the B l a i r-Chirac initiative to mark the 30 YEARSOF 1970’s within the continuing centenary of the Entente Cordiale. The education programme, archae- project involves Kent, the Université EVOLUTION ology at the University of Kent du Littoral and universities at Lille. 30 YEARS OF has constantly evolved. By the Kent has appointed Steve Willis from late 80’s part-time awards were the archaeology department at EVOLUTION in place, which by the early 90’s had Durham to help take this forward. 30 YEARSOF developed into a full programme taking Anthony Ward says “We are p a r t-time students through from delighted to welcome Steve. He will EVOLUTION Certificate to Degree. Anthony Ward, help develop courses and the research 30 YEARSOF senior lecturer in archaeology, points agenda to assist in enhancing under- out, “hundreds of students have standing of the archaeology of Kent EVOLUTION achieved university awards with us. I in the context of the near Continent. 30 YEARS OF think we can say that the University After all, through much of its history EVOLUTION has made a real contribution to archae- Kent has arguably had more in com- ological learning in the county in mon with communities across the 30 YEARS OF which many members of KAS have Narrow Seas than areas north and EVOLUTION participated.” New appointment, Dr Steve Willis west of the Thames!” Steve has In the late 90’s the University research interests in Flanders and has 30 YEARSOF offered archaeology to full-time stu- 11th century Anglo-Saxon village was spent much time field-working in EVOLUTION dents and degrees are now offered in investigated in a joint venture between Picardie, particularly on Iron Age both Classical & Archaeological Studies Sussex Archaeological Society and sites. 30 YEARS OF and History & Archaeological Studies, Kent, building on Gabor’s previous Steve is enthusiastic about his EVOLUTION with Archaeology & Anthropology work in the area. Results were excit- role; “Late prehistory is a period when available shortly. There is also archaeo- ing, including a pre-Conquest ceme- we can identify a series of Continental 30 YEARS OF logical input into the Forensic Science tery, houses, halls and a tower with a contacts which become increasingly EVOLUTION degree and a new Heritage Science cellar in which was found a collection manifest, particularly in the later Iron 30 YEARSOF degree. of iron tools. It is anticipated that field- Age and through the Roman era, rais- Since 1999 ‘full-time equivalent’ w o r k-training opportunities will be ing interesting questions for study, EVOLUTION archaeology students have risen from such as landscape and 30 YEARS OF 30 to 120. Archaeological staff in settlement develop- Classical and Archaeological Studies ment and the impor- EVOLUTION have increased from 2 to 6, supported tance of coastal 30 YEARS OF by part-time colleagues. Kent also has trade.” 2 lecturers in Biological Anthropology “There is also EVOLUTION who are archaeologically trained. The scope for sharing best 30 YEARSOF teaching and research interests of the practice with col- EVOLUTION full-time Classical and Archaeological leagues from the near Studies staff are wide ranging: Continent in relation 30 YEARS OF Dr Ellen Swift – Late Antique to research, develop- EVOLUTION and early Medieval ment-funded archae- Dr Gabor Thomas – Anglo ology, heritage man- 30 YEARS OF S a xon and Viking Age studies and agement and presen- EVOLUTION landscapes tation and the public Dr Patty Baker – Classical participation in 30 YEARSOF A r c h a e o l o g y, gender studies and Excavation at Bishopstone. archaeology.” EVOLUTION ancient medicine Anthony Wa r d Dr Evanagelos Kyriakidis – offered in Kent in 2005 and subse- confidently predicts that “archaeology 30 YEARS OF Greek and Aegean Bronze Age with quent years. at Kent has an exciting future as num- EVOLUTION particular interests in Minoan iconog- Classical and Archaeological bers of staff and students continue to 30 YEARS OF raphy and Linear B Studies is now broadening its horizons. increase. We look forward to collabo- Dr Steve Willis – Iron Age and The appointment of Evanagelos rating with other archaeologists in the EVOLUTION Roman, with particular specialism in Kyriakidis this summer takes it firmly region to advance the practice of the ceramics and landscapes into the archaeology of the East discipline and our understanding of Dr Anthony Ward – British and Mediterranean. Closer to home, in the archaeology of the south-east of European Prehistory and landscapes future it will participate in the England.” This summer a major six- w e e k University of the Transmanche, initial- More information on archaeological training excavation for students was ly setting up a MA in the ‘Archaeology courses at Kent can be obtained from organised by Gabor Thomas who was of the Transmanche’ focussed on later Anthony Ward, Classical and research officer with Sussex prehistory and the first millennium Archaeological Studies, Cornwallis Archaeological Society before joining AD. Modules from this programme will Building, University of Kent, Canterbury Kent in 2003. It took place at be available as part of the programme CT2 7N. tel: 01227 823879, Bishopstone in Sussex, where a 9th to of the new trans-frontier university, a [email protected]

Autumn 2004 13 AN ANGLO-SAXON SI n March 1967 a gold pen- exactly the type of objects that when the finds become public ANGLO-SAXON dant cross was discovered would be expected to form the k n o w l e d g e ; by Mr P. Beer whilst har- necklace of which the cross SITE AT rowing a field near the would have formed the centre- and to meet the threat of THURNHAM village of Thurnham piece. It thus seemed likely that damage to the context of the ( Kelly 1967). The cross, the contents of a single high recovered finds through the ANGLO-SAXON which was inlaid with status female burial had been process of on-going ploughing. SITE AT garnets, dated to the mid-7th disturbed by ploughing. century AD, and would probably The pendants, bead and Having obtained a Home THURNHAM have formed the central orna- chatelaine fittings were all Office licence for the removal of ANGLO-SAXON ment of an elaborate necklace declared Treasure at an inquest any human remains and the per- belonging to an Anglo-Saxo n held by Roger Sykes, the mission of the landowner, this SITE AT lady of considerable status. Coroner for Mid-Kent on Friday e xcavation took place between THURNHAM Clearly the finding of such a 11th June 2004, where it was Sunday 15th and Friday 20th ANGLO-SAXON piece suggested that an Anglo- held that the balance of August 2004. The author led S a xon burial might be present; probability was that all these a team including volunteers SITE AT the site was listed as an isolated items were derived from a sin- from the Portable Antiquities THURNHAM find that might be indicative of gle burial. Scheme, Kent County Council, a burial in the author’s thesis on Given the importance of Kent Archaeological Society, ANGLO-SAXON A n g l o - S a xon cemeteries in Ke n t these finds, it was decided to University of Kent at Canterbury, SITE AT (Richardson 2000). However, carry out an excavation at the Maidstone Area Archaeological between 1967 and 2003 no fur- site. The aims of this were as Group and Otford Archaeological THURNHAM ther finds of Anglo-Saxon date follows: Group, among others. The find- ANGLO-SAXON were recorded from this site, ers also helped, Nigel Betts in although it is of course possible to provide a context for particular spending virtually the SITE AT that unreported finds were the recovered finds and to con- whole week on site. Mr Mark THURNHAM made during this period. On firm the presence of a burial or Yates kindly assisted with a geo- ANGLO-SAXON 9th August 2003, however, Nigel burials at the site; physical survey and by plotting Betts, John Darvill, Brian Pe t i t the site grid using GPS on the SITE AT and Keith Stafford, all members to recover any other finds first day of fieldwork. THURNHAM of the Mid-Kent Metal Detector from the same context or burial; The difficulty presented by Club, decided to carry out a this site was that the finds were ANGLO-SAXON metal detector search of the to gain information on widely scattered, with no obvious SITE AT field, having obtained permis- the probable size and extent of point of origin. Thus a series of sion to do so from the landown- the site; 25 trenches were dug (the major- THURNHAM e r. During this search Nigel ity by hand) across the area of ANGLO-SAXON recovered an oval gold pendant to establish the level of the scatter in an effort to locate a SITE AT set with a piece of polychrome disturbance and damage to grave or graves. For most of the mosaic glass (fig 1), and Ke i t h which the site has been subject- week, no significant finds were THURNHAM found a gold biconical spacer e d ; recovered, although tantalisingly ANGLO-SAXON bead (fig 2). In the following small fragments of clearly days a second glass-inlaid gold to mitigate the potential ancient and possibly human SITE AT pendant, this example being threat of the site being looted bone were recovered from a THURNHAM p e a r-shaped, was found by Nigel (fig 3), and three sections ANGLO-SAXON of an elaborate copper alloy SITE AT chatelaine complex were found by John and Brian (fig 4). THURNHAM Realising the potential sig- nificance of their discovery, the finders quickly contacted the Kent Finds Liaison Officer, who met them on site a few days l a t e r. Findspots were plotted using a handheld GPS reciever, and it was established that the finds were scattered across an area of approximately 20m by 5m. This scatter of finds lay not far from the recorded find- spot of the cross pendant found in 1967. All were of a compara- ble date to the cross, and the Fig. 4 pendants and spacer bead were

Autumn 2004 14 N SITE AT TH U R N H A M number of trenches. These included a very worn human tooth from Trench 15 found by ANGLO-SAXON Helen Jarvis. Finally, late on SITE AT Thursday afternoon, Michael THURNHAM Lewis, former Kent Finds Liaison Officer and now Deputy ANGLO-SAXON Head of the Portable Antiquities SITE AT Scheme, located some bones in the end of Trench 16. THURNHAM E xcavation the following day ANGLO-SAXON revealed a single very badly damaged inhumation, aligned SITE AT w e s t-east. No grave cut was THURNHAM identified; the body had in fact simply been laid on the chalk ANGLO-SAXON bedrock. Neither was there any SITE AT trace of a ring ditch, but some THURNHAM of the chalk surfaces in the immediate vicinity of the body ANGLO-SAXON showed possible signs of SITE AT weathering, prompting specu- lation that the grave had been Fig. 1 THURNHAM covered by a barrow mound ANGLO-SAXON formed by scraping topsoil from the surrounding area. No grave SITE AT goods survived with the body, THURNHAM although two iron nails from ANGLO-SAXON beyond the feet might be evi- dence of a coffin. SITE AT Opinion amongst the exc a- THURNHAM vation team remains divided as to whether this slight, shallow ANGLO-SAXON burial is the one from which SITE AT such exquisite jewellery was derived. However, no trace of THURNHAM any other burials were found, ANGLO-SAXON and the widely scattered grave goods imply a badly damaged SITE AT grave. A major question Fig. 2 THURNHAM remains ‘were any unreported ANGLO-SAXON finds made between 1967 and 2003?’ Furthermore, the SITE AT whereabouts of the first find, THURNHAM the gold cross, is currently unknown. The author would ANGLO-SAXON be very interested to hear from SITE AT any readers with any informa- tion on either matter. THURNHAM ANGLO-SAXON Andrew Richardson Kent Finds Liaison Officer SITE AT THURNHAM

Re f e r e n c e s :

Kelly DB 1967 T h u r n h a m . Archaeologia Cantiana 82, 297-8.

Richardson AF 2000 T h e A n g l o - S a xon Cemeteries of Ke n t . Unpublished PhD thesis, Fig. 3 University of Wales, Cardiff.

Autumn 2004 15 NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGY DAYS AROUND KENT BACK PAGE ational Archaeology Days take PEOPLE place in July, and are increas- BACK PAGE ingly popular with each pass- ing year. The event, coordi- PEOPLE nated by the Council for BACK PAGE British Archaeology and its Young Archaeologist Clubs, PEOPLE and supported by English Heritage, BACK PAGE aims to inform and enthuse the public PEOPLE about their local heritage and to give them access to information which can BACK PAGE be used to further their interest. Sites, PEOPLE museums, archaeology units and ama- teur groups take part, with a wide vari- BACK PAGE ation in the type of events. This year PEOPLE saw over 250 venues taking part around Britain, with 8 in Kent. We BACK PAGE hear from just some of those in our PEOPLE county… BACK PAGE Director of Dartford District Julian Richards examining young visitors’ finds at the Museum of Kent Life. Archaeological Group, Chris Baker, said PEOPLE “It’s been very helpful that for the last ment group Re g i a Orpington and District BACK PAGE few years the Dartford Festival dates Anglorum arrived en Archaeological Society’s dis- have coincided with National masse and set up a liv- plays attracted much inter- PEOPLE Archaeology Days. This has allowed us ing history encamp- est from older visitors, BACK PAGE to set up a small excavation, ‘Digging ment, whilst YAC sup- whilst children enjoyed a up the Park’, within Central Park in plied entertainment mock excavation set up for PEOPLE Dartford, as part of the Festival. And too; Saxon charms from the day. BACK PAGE we’ve had some great finds – so much the leechcraft stall, Extra activities were laid so that the public have accused us of Saxon food and many on at Crofton Roman Villa, PEOPLE planting them the night before! The creative children’s Orpington, as children BACK PAGE activities. An exhibition entered a competition to of 12 local history and draw and label artefacts, PEOPLE archaeology groups, as each receiving a certificate. BACK PAGE well as county services Visitors were fascinated by a such as the Centre for display of finds and archival PEOPLE Enjoying digging at the Kentish Studies, provid- Road Roman material from 3 local Roman BACK PAGE ed visitors with infor- Bath House. sites, previously unseen. PEOPLE mation about ways they Director Brian Philp could participate in exploring the past. enthused “This was another brilliant BACK PAGE In Bromley, Poverest Road Roman event and very well supported – chil- Bath House was open for a ‘hands-on’ dren and adults alike enjoyed them- PEOPLE Part of the Dartford exhibition. family fun day. Adrian Green, Curator selves.” medieval and Roman pottery that’s of Bromley Museum, sees National National Archaeology Days are an come out of the ground has been recog- Archaeology Days as “a very useful e xcellent way of promoting local nised by some visitors as similar to that opportunity to open the Bath House, archaeology to local people. If you dug up in their gardens; we talk to which takes booked tours but is not would like to hold an event in 2005 get them about the archaeology and they generally open to the public. This is a in touch with Jan Cox at the CBA, have the opportunity to find out more fantastic chance to show local St Mary’s House, 66 Bootham, York by getting involved in the Dartford residents, and those from further YO30 7BZ, 01904 671417 or District Archaeological Group.” afield, the archaeology of the area.” [email protected] North Downs Young Archae- ologists’ (YAC) event ‘Life and Death in Saxon Kent’ was held in the Museum Copy deadline for the next issue in January is Wednesday December 1st. of Kent Life at Sandling. TV archaeolo- The editor wishes to draw attention to the fact that neither she nor the Council of the KAS are answerable for gist Julian Richards appeared and opinions which contributors may express in their signed articles; each author is alone responsible for the proved a great draw, despite a wet contents and substance of their work. morning and the Kent County Show only a couple of miles up the road. EDITOR : LYN PALMER Julian brought bones and a recon- 55 Stone Street, Tunbridge Wells, Kent TN1 2QU structed face made for ‘Meet the Telephone: 01892 533661 Mobile: 07810 340831 Ancestors’, and spent the day giving Email [email protected] or [email protected] talks on these and on the role of archaeology in the media. Re-enact- Autumn 2004 Published by the Kent Archaeological Society, The Museum, St Faith’s Street, Maidstone, Kent. ME 14 1LH 16 www.kentarchaeology.org.uk