Paper No. : 14 Human Origin and Evolution Module : 05 Evolutionary Revolution

Development Team

Principal Investigator Prof. Anup Kumar Kapoor Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi

Dr. Satwanti Kapoor (Retd Professor) Paper Coordinator Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi

Ms. Sangeeta Dey & Prof. A. K. Kapoor Content Writer Department of Anth ropology, University of Delhi

Prof. R.K. Pathak Content Reviewer Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 1

Evolutionary Revolution Anthropology

Description of Module

Subject Name Anthropology

Paper Name Human Origin and Evolution

Module Name/Title Evolutionary Revolution

Module Id 05

Bibliography Aiello, L.C. 1993. The fossil evidence for modern human origins in Africa: a revised view. Am Anthropol 95: 73 – 96. Andrews, Peter, and Elizabeth Nesbit Evans. "The environment of Ramapithecus in Africa." Paleobiology (1979): 22-30. Andrews, Peter, and Heinz Tobien. "New Miocene locality in Turkey with evidence on the origin of Ramapithecus and ." 268.5622 (1977): 699-701. Andrews, Peter. "Ramapithecus wickeri mandible from Fort Ternan, Kenya." Nature 231.5299 (1971): 192-194. Bodmer, W., and L.L. Cavalli – Sforza. 1976. Genetics, Evolution, and Man. Freeman, New York. Bowler, P.J. 1986. Theories of . Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. Conroy, Glenn C. "Problems in the interpretation of Ramapithecus: with special reference to anterior tooth reduction." American journal of physical anthropology 37.1 (1972): 41-47. Conroy, Glenn C., and David Pilbeam. "Ramapithecus: a review of its hominid status." Paleoanthropology, Morphology, and Paleoanthropology (1975): 59-86. Crompton, R.H. et al. 1998. The mechanical effectiveness of erect and “bent-knee, bent-hip” bipedal walking in Australopithecus afarensis. J. Human Evol 35: 55 – 74. Fitch, W. and F.J. Ayala. 1995. Tempo and mode in evolution. National Academy Press, Washington. Gould, S.J. 1982. Darwinism and expansion of evolutionary theory. Science 216: 380 – 387. Greenfield, Leonard Owen. "On the adaptive pattern of “Ramapithecus”." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 50.4 (1979): 527-548.

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Greenfield, Leonard Owen. "Taxonomic reassessment of two Ramapithecus specimens." Folia primatologica 22.2-3 (1974): 97-115. Harrison, G.A., J.M. Tanner, D.R. Pilbeam, and P.T. baker. 1988. Human Biology: An Introduction to Human Evolution, Variation, Growth, and Adaptability (3rd ed.). Oxford Science, Oxford, . Hunt, K.D. 1994. The evolution of human bipedality: ecology and functional morphology. J. Human Evol 29: 183 – 202. Lovejoy, C.O. 1988. Evolution of human walking. Sci Am 118 – 125. Macho, G.A. and B.A. Wood. 1995. Role of time and timing in hominid dental evolution. Evol Anthropol 4: 17 – 31. Pilbeam, David. "Newly recognized mandible of Ramapithecus." Nature 222.5198 (1969): 1093-1094. Richmond, B.G. and D.S. Strait. 2000. Evidence that humans evolved from a knuckle-walking ancestor. Nature 404: 382 – 385. Ridley, M. 1985. The problems of Evolution. Oxford University Press, New York. Ridley, M. 1996. Evolution (2nd ed.). Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, England. Rodman, P.S. and H.M. McHenry. 1980. Bioenergetics of hominid bipedalism. Am J Physical Anthropol 52: 103 – 106. Rukang, Wu, Xu Qinghua, and Lu Qingwu. "Morphological features of Ramapithecus and Sivapithecus and their phylogenetic relationships––Morphology and comparison of the crania." Acta Anthropologica Sinica 2.1 (1983): 1-10. Simons, Elwyn L. "On the mandible of Ramapithecus." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 51.3 (1964): 528-535. Simons, Elwyn L. "Ramapithecus." Scientific American 236 (1977): 28-35. Simons, Elwyn L. The phyletic position of Ramapithecus. Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, 1961. Somit, A. and S.A. Peterson. 1992. The dynamics of evolution. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. Stebbins, G.L. and F.J. Ayala. 1985. The evolution of Darwinism. Sci Am 72 – 80. Steudel, K. 1996. Limb morphology, bipedal gait, and the energetics of hominid locomotion. Am J Physical Anthropol 99: 345 – 355. Tattersall, Ian. The evolutionary significance of Ramapithecus. Burgess Publishing Company, 1975.

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Tauxe, Lisa. "A new date for Ramapithecus." Nature 282.5737 (1979): 399-401. Vogel, C. H. R. I. S. T. I. A. N. "Remarks on the reconstruction of the dental arcade of Ramapithecus." Palaeoanthropology, Morphology and Palaeoecology (R. Tuttle, ed.) (1975): 87-98. Von Koenigswald, G. H. R. "Australopithecus, meganthropus and ramapithecus." Journal of Human Evolution 2.6 (1973): 487-491. Walker, Alan, and Peter Andrews. "Reconstruction of the dental arcades of Ramapithecus wickeri." Nature 244.5414 (1973): 313-314. Wolpoff, Milford H. "Ramapithecus and human origins." New interpretations of and human ancestry. Springer US, 1983. 651-676. Wolpoff, Milford H., et al. "Ramapithecus and Hominid Origins [and Comments and Reply]." Current Anthropology 23.5 (1982): 501-522. Wood, B. 1992. Origin and Evolution of the genus Homo. Nature 355: 783 – 790.

Suggested Readings http://www.swami-krishnananda.org/ascent/ascent_01.html http://sci.waikato.ac.nz/evolution/HumanEvolution.shtml http://inters.org/origin-nature-of-man http://www.changefactory.com.au/our-thinking/articles/change-evolution-or-revolution/ http://www.reinventioninc.com/revolutionvsevolution https://www.quora.com/Whats-the-difference-between-evolutionary-and-revolutionary-change https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/leading-change-revolutionary-vs-evolutionary-eli-stern-

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