Developing Trap and Kill Technologies to Improve Management of the Western Spotted and Striped Cucumber Beetles (Diabrotica undecimpunctata) and (Acalymma trivittatum)
By: Katie Alderman Dept. BioResource Research, Oregon State University Western Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Wide host range
ippc2.orst.edu/potato/wspotcucba.jpg
Lifecycle
J F M A M J J A S O N D Adult
Eggs
?? Larvae ??
Pupae ?? Western Striped Cucumber Beetle
www.msue.msu.edu/objects/rte/image/striped%20...
Current Beetle Control
Insecticid e
www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/files/images/spra. Alternative Beetle Control
Trap cropping
www.rothamsted.ac.uk/pie/Graphics/RapePlots.jpg Alternative Beetle Control
Exclusion OSU Lab Trap
Beetle Bar
Kairomone
Trap Body
Limits and contains pesticides. Kairomone
Kairomone (Ibb) indole, beta-ionone, and benzyl alcohol. Beetle Bar – Cucurbitacin E
Bitter Hawkesbury Melon (BHM) Ingredients BHM pulp, BHM juice, sodium benzoate, xanthum gum, entrust. Objectives
1. Evaluate the effect of temperature on the degradation of the cucurbitacin in BHM components of the beetle bar. 2. Evaluate kairomone lure longevity under field conditions. 3. Evaluate effectiveness of alternative trap designs on beetle capture rate. Cucurbitacin E glycoside Isolation Fred Stevens lab. BHM juice was isolated and ran on Mass Spec and NMR. Cucurbitacin E glycoside Isolation
29 30 32 OH 25 31 28 27 O 24 26 21 23 O 12 O 17 O OH 11 13 H H OH 1 9 14 16 HO 3' O 2 2' 1' 10 8 15 4' 3 20 22 5' O 4 7 HO O 5 6
6' 18 19 HO
Chemical Formula: C38H54O13 Exact Mass: 718.3564 Fred Stevens and lab confirmed the compound to be Cucurbitacin E glycoside Cucurbitacin E glycoside Degradation Quantified with high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) Temperatures of 2, 10, 21, and 32°C Ten week period, sampling at 1 week intervals. Cucurbitacin E-glycoside Degradation 1
0.95
0.9 2°C 0.85 10°C 0.8 21°C 32°C 0.75
Cucurbitacin Concentration Concentration (g/L) Cucurbitacin 0.7 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 Days in temperature Treatment: Temp (C) 10 21 32 2 0.09 <0.01 <0.01 10 0.11 <0.01 21 <0.01 Objectives
1. Evaluate the effect of temperature on the degradation of the cucurbitacin in BHM components of the beetle bar.
2. Evaluate kairomone lure longevity under field conditions.
3. Evaluate effectiveness of alternative trap designs on beetle capture rate. Kairomone Degradation
Kairomones prepared 56 days, 35 days, and 1 day prior to the experiment. control of no kairomone lure. Kairomone Degradation: Spotted 50 45 40 35 30 56 day old 25 35 day old 20 1 day old 15 none 10
Beetles Captured (Beetles/Day) Captured Beetles 5 31-Aug 4-Sep 8-Sep 12-Sep 16-Sep Date of Trapping
Treatment: IBb Age (days) 56 35 1 Control/none 0.14 <0.01 <0.01 56 0.05 <0.01 35 0.02 Kairomone Degradation: Striped 25
20
15 56 day old
10 35 day old 1 day old
5 none BeetleCapture (Beetle/Day) 0 31-Aug 4-Sep 8-Sep 12-Sep 16-Sep Date of Trapping Treatment: IBb Age (days) 56 35 1 Control/none 0.25 0.05 <0.01 56 0.31 <0.01 35 <0.01 Objectives
1. Evaluate the effect of temperature on the degradation of the cucurbitacin in BHM components of the beetle bar.
2. Evaluate kairomone lure longevity under field conditions.
3. Evaluate effectiveness of alternative trap designs on beetle capture rate. Alternative Trap Design
OSU Lab Trap Alternative Trap Design Alternative Trap Design Trap Design: Spotted
120
100
80
OSU Lab trap
60 square panel sq panel w/ top holes sq panel w/o top holes Beetles Captured 40 new small circle hang new small circle vane
20
0 8/5 2010 8/11 2010 Trap Date Trap Design: Striped 9
8
7
6
5 OSU Lab Trap initial green top sq panel sq panel w/ top holes 4 sq panel w/o top holes Beetles Captured new small circle hang 3 new small circle vane
2
1
0 8/5 2010 8/11 2010 Trap Date Trap Modifications
Trap Modifications Kairomone “Mini-lure” modification. Beetle Bar dilution modification. Vent modification. Kairomone Mini-lure
0 grams 0.4 grams 0.7 grams Mini-lure: Spotted Beetles 120 110 100 90 80 70 0 grams 60 0.4 grams 50 0.7 grams 40
BeetleCapture (Beetle/Day) 30 20 2-Sep 5-Sep 8-Sep 11-Sep Date of Trapping Mini-lure: Striped Beetles 18
16
14
12
10 0 grams 8 0.4 grams 0.7 grams 6
4 BeetleCapture (Beetle/Day) 2 2-Sep 5-Sep 8-Sep 11-Sep Date of Trapping Beetle Bar Juice Dilution
1% 10% 100% Juice Dilution: Spotted Beetles
35
30
25 1% 20 10% 100% 15 BeetleCapture (Beetle/Day) 10 20-Sep 24-Sep 28-Sep 2-Oct 6-Oct Date of Trapping Juice Dilution: Striped Beetles
6
5
4
3 1% 10% 2 100%
1 BeetleCapture (Beetle/Day) 0 20-Sep 24-Sep 28-Sep 2-Oct 6-Oct Date of Trapping Vent Vents: Spotted Beetles 19
17
15
13
11 9 no vent 7 vent 5
3 BeetleCapture (Beetles/Day) 1 21-Sep 25-Sep 29-Sep 3-Oct 7-Oct Date of Trapping Vents: Striped Beetles 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 no vent 0.2 vent 0 -0.2 BeetleCapture (Beetle/Day) -0.4 20-Sep 25-Sep 30-Sep 5-Oct Date of Trapping Conclusions
1. Evaluate degradation of cucurbitacin in the beetle bar. stable at temperatures at or below 21°C Degradation is more rapid at 32°C Conclusions
2. Kairomone Degradation Longevity of Kairomone is between 40-50 days in the field. Conclusions
3. Alternative traps and modifications. The yellow vane trap had higher observed capture rate The vent and mini-lure modifications did not increase beetle capture rate. The 10% BHM dilution increased beetle capture rate. Acknowledgements
Special thanks to… John Luna, as my advisor. Jana Lee, secondary advisor, and the ARS for use of the controlled temperature chambers Fred Stevens, Dept. of Pharmacy, for his chemical analysis expertise. Gathering Together Farm and Stahlbush Farms for use of squash fields. Questions