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Military Collector & Historian Vol. 72, No. 1 Spring 2020 Washington, DC The purpose of the Journal is to disseminate information on the material culture, history, and traditions of members of the Armed Forces of the United States worldwide and other nations serving in the Western Hemisphere. IN THIS ISSUE The Flag of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion, 29th Division, American Expeditionary Force, WWI, by Nicholas P. Ciotola .................................3 Bvt. Brig. Gen. O. Charles Risdon’s Uniform and its Applied eagle Buttons: COMPANY OF MILITARY Dating Artifacts when the Civil War Reference Books Fall Short, HISTORIANS® by Michael R. Cunningham, Ph.D. ...........................................................................9 Board of Governors “A Thorn in Their Side”: The 1st United States Infantry during the Steven M. Baule, Ed.D., Ph.D. Sortie of Fort Erie, 17 September 1814, by David C. Bennett ..................................25 Lt. Col. Charles H. Cureton, USMCR (Ret.) The Boston Light Infantry. Guests of the New York Light Guard, Col. Robert S. Driscoll, USA (Ret.) Stephen M. Henry by Anthony F. Gero ................................................................................................ 36 Gordon Jones, Ph.D. An Interesting Regimental Order, by Earl John Chapman ...................................... 39 Robert Kotchian Engagement at Deloges Bluff: 26-27 April 1864, by Chuck Veit ............................... 49 Marc Sammis Sam Small There’s a New Rank Insignia for the Military’s Top Enlisted Advisor, John Thillmann by Meghann Myers, submitted by Peter McDermott ............................................55 President 1866: African American Fenians, a Mystery to be Solved, by Anthony F. Gero ........56 Craig D. Bell A Casualty of War: One of the Thousands Killed by Disease, by David M. Sullivan ..57 Vice President for Administration Alejandro M. de Quesada An Infantry Regiment’s Board of Inquiry About a Missing Pair of Cavalry Boots, Vice President for Publications by Steven Baule .......................................................................................................59 Myers Brown The “Alarm List” Company, Antrim, New Hampshire, 1812–1814: Secretary A Possible Uniform Template, by Anthony F. Gero .............................................. 62 Gerald Roxbury Treasurer Winfield Scott’s Attempted Pacification through Military Commissions John F. De Pue and Councils of War and the American Star, by Will Gorenfeld .......................... 63 Administrator and Assistant Treasurer Afghan Rail Adisory Team (ARAT), by Marc W. Sammis ........................................ 69 David M. Sullivan Assistant Administrator Third Cat-eye for a Weak Swimmer, U.S. Army Ranger Course, 1962–1963, Angie Brown by Marc W. Sammis ................................................................................................ 70 MILITARY COLLECTOR & HISTORIAN The Fenian Needham Conversion Rifle: A Tangible Piece of Irish, American, Editor and Canadian History, by Kenneth L. Smith-Christmas and Ross Jones ............. 71 David M. Sullivan Color Sgt. Leopold Karpeles, Medal of Honor Recipient, by John O. Curtis ............ 83 Graphics and Layout Editor Chuck Veit Royal-Artillerie and the variations of its uniform, 1776–1785, by René Chartrand 94 Assistant Editors D. Franklin Arey III MILITARY UNIFORMS IN AMERICA Michael Rosen, Ph.D., M.D. 989: The United States Navy, Los Angeles Campaign 1847, Sarah Ross by David W. Rickman ............................................................................................ 42 Marc Sammis 990: 71st Regiment Highland Light Infantry, officer, 1838, MILITARY UNIFORMS IN AMERICA by Douglas Anderson and René Chartrand .......................................................... 44 Editor René Chartrand 991: Corps Royal de l’Artillerie, gunner, 1779–1786,, by Lucien Rousselot and René Chartrand ............................................................. 46 COMPANY WEB SITE: http://www.military-historians.org FEATURES Electronic Editor Steven M. Baule, Ed.D., Ph.D. On Our Covers ........................................................................................................... 24 To the Editor, The Last Post, and New Members, Spring 2020 ................................ 48 The Message Center: From the President .................................................................. 60 Company of Military Historians Benefactor Program ................................................61 Military Collector & Historian (ISSN-0026-3966) is published quarterly by the Company of Military Historians. © 2020 Company of Military Historians, Company of Military Historians®, and the Rifleman logo are registered trademarks of the Company of Military Historians.All rights reserved including the right to reproduce this Journal in any form whatsoever. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Address all general business or advertising correspondence to: The Company of Military Historians, Box 910, Rutland, MA 01543–0910; telephone 508–886–7777. Address all editorial correspondence to the Editor, David M. Sullivan, 84A Pleasantdale Road, Box 238, Rutland, MA 01543-0238; e–mail [email protected] Address all MUIA correspondence to the MUIA Editor, René Chartrand, 316 du Jockey, Gatineau, QC J9H 0J4 Canada; e–mail [email protected] Address all publications seeking Company sponsorship to: David M. Sullivan, The Company of Military Historians, P.O. Box 910, Rutland, MA 01543–0910. 2 Military Collector & Historian Crew of an M24 tank along the Naktong River front, 17 August 1950. On the ground is Pfc. Rudolph Dotts, Egg Harbor City, N.J. gunner (center); Pvt. Maynard Linaweaver, Lundsburg, Kansas, cannoneer; and on top is Pfc. Hugh Goodwin, Decature, Miss., tank command- er. All are members of the 24th Reconnaissance, 24th Division. Photo by Sgt. Riley - DOD ID: HA-SC-98-06983, 111C6061 NARA FILE#: 111-C-6061 Journal of the Company of Military Historians 3 The Flag of the 111th Machine Gun Battalion, 29th Division, American Expeditionary Force, World War I Nicholas P. Ciotola he New Jersey State House Flag Collection (SHFC) Most of the World War I flags in the collection are Tconsists of 192 historical flags in care of the New national and regimental colors belonging to regiments of Jersey State Museum and the State Capitol Joint the 29th “Blue and Gray” Division and 78th “Lightning” Management Commission. The majority of these military Division. FIG 2 shows the National Color of the 114th U.S. flags constitute the National and regimental colors carried Infantry Regiment, which organized on 11 October 1917 by New Jersey’s volunteer infantry regiments in the Civil and was composed of men from the ranks of the 3d and 5th War, as well as artillery flags, cavalry guidons, flank Regiments, New Jersey National Guard.1 The 114th trained markers, and captured Confederate battle flags and “Stars at Camp McClellan, near Anniston, Alabama, and formed and Bars.” The collection also contains thirty-four lesser part of the 57th Brigade, 29th Division. Made up of many known flags from the American Expeditionary Forces in New Jersey volunteers and draftees of the National Army, World War I. Of these flags, 111th Machine Gun Battalion the 311th organized on 6–10 September 1917 and trained flag stands out because of its provenance as a privately- at newly-created Camp Dix, Burlington County, New funded presentation flag and for its connection to the Jersey. FIG 3 shows the regimental color of the 311th U.S. anti-immigrant sentiment faced by German-Americans at Infantry Regiment. It formed part of the 156th Brigade, the time of a war against their native land. 78th Division. These and other regiments received their colors while in camp and brought them overseas. Each regiment had a National Color and a regimental color. Unlike the Civil War, American World War I-era flags rarely saw the immediate battle front due to changing tactics brought about by the devastating weaponry of the first modern war. Instead, they remained behind the lines for use in camp and for ceremonial purposes. Still, some recommended flags to be always kept close at hand in case they needed to be brought out to “inspire enthusiasm and maintain morale.”2 FIG 1. Organizational color (obverse), 111th Machine Gun Battalion, 1918, SHFC188, held in repository and curated by the New Jersey State Museum for the State Capitol Joint Management Commission. FIG 3. Regimental color (obverse), 311th U.S. Infantry Regiment, 1918, SHFC161, held in repository and curated by the New Jersey State Museum for the State Capitol Joint Management Commission. FIG 2. (left) National Color (obverse), 114th U.S. Infantry Regiment, 1918, SHFC155, held in repository and curated by the New Jersey State Museum for the State Capitol Joint Management Commission. 4 Military Collector & Historian The above colors represent two of the most common flag designs of the American Expeditionary Forces. The 114th National Color is a forty-eight-star Stars and Stripes, made of silk, with a field of thirteen alternating red and white stripes, knotted yellow silk fringe, and a canton containing five-pointed stars arranged in six rows, eight stars per row. This famous and long-standing forty-eight-star pattern was first adopted on 4 July 1912 and lasted until 3 July 1949. The 311th regimental color is a blue silk flag with the coat of arms of the United States, knotted yellow silk fringe, and the regiment name in white silk embroidered on a red scroll. The flag’s dimensions conform
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