Microcassiope Minor (Dana, 1852): a Description of the First Stage Zoea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae)

Mediterranean Marine Science

Vol. 5, 2004

Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852): a description of the first stage zoea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae)

CLARK P.F. Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD DIONISIO M.A. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 9501-801 Ponta Delgada COSTA A.C. Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Mãe de Deus 9501-801 Ponta Delgada http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.200

To cite this article:

CLARK, P., DIONISIO, M., & COSTA, A. (2004). Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852): a description of the first stage zoea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae). Mediterranean Marine Science, 5(2), 23-34. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.200

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | Mediterranean Marine Science Vol. 5/2, 2004, 23-33

Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852): a description of the first stage zoea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Xanthidae)

P.F. CLARK1, M.A. DIONISIO2 & A.C. COSTA2

1 Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, England e-mail: [email protected]

2 Departmento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, Rua M~ae de Deus, 9500 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract

The first stage zoea of Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) is described, illustrated and compared with thirteen other known Xanthinae. This comparison suggests that M. minor is closely related to another Atlantic Ocean xanthid, Nanocassiope melanodactyla (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867). Such an affinity may indicate that the genus Nanocassiope Guinot, 1967) is not a homogenous taxon.

Keywords: Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852); First stage zoeal description; Comparative morphology; Xanthinae.

Introduction (2003) [ZI]; Macromedaeus distinguendus (de HAAN, 1835) by TERADA (1980) [ZI-IV]; SERENE` (1984:21, 172) listed 13 Xanthinae Nanocassiope granulipes (SAKAI, 1939) by KO genera, but the larvae are only known for & CLARK (2002) [Z1-IV, Meg.]; Nanocassiope Leptodius exaratus (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) melanodactyla (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) by by AIKAWA (1929) as Xantho exaratus [ZI], DORNELAS et al. (2004) [ZI-IV, Meg.] and CHHAPGAR (1956) [ZI], TUFAIL & HASHMI Paraxanthias elegans (Stimpson, 1858) by (1964) as L. exeratus [ZI-II], SABA (1976) [ZI- TERADA (1990) [ZI-IV]. Xantho is also IV, Meg.], FIELDER et al. (1979) [ZI-IV, assigned to this subfamily and the larvae of a Meg.], TERADA (1980) [ZI-IV], AMIR (1989, number of species are known e.g. Xantho publication not seen during this present study), incisus Leach, 1814 by LEBOUR (1928) [ZI- SIDDIQUI & TIRMIZI (1998) [ZI-IV], KO & IV, Meg.], BOURDILLON-CASANOVA CLARK (2002) [ZI], and CLARK & PAULA (1960) as Xantho incisus granulicarpus [ZI-IV],

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | and INGLE (1983) [ZI-IV, Meg.], (1991) [ZI- Materials and Methods IV, Meg.]; Xantho pilipes A. Milne Edwards, 1867 by LEBOUR (1928) as Xantho hydrophilus An ovigerous Microcassiope minor was [ZI], INGLE (1992) [ZI] and PAULA & dos collected by hand on the lower shore from SANTOS (2001) [ZI-IV, Meg], and Xantho Ponta Delgada, São Miguel, Açores, on 5 poressa (Olivi, 1792) by GOURETT (1884) as August 2002. The first stage zoeas hatched on Xantho rivulosus [ZI], BOURDILLON- 13 August 2002 and were fixed and preserved CASANOVA (1960) [ZI], RODRIGUEZ & in 4% buffered formalin. Zoeas were dissected MARTIN (1997) [ZI-IV, Meg.], and KO & using a Wild M5 and an Olympus BH-2 CLARK (2002) [ZI]. Other genera may also be microscope equipped with Nomarski referred to the Xanthinae for which the larval interference contrast. Setal ambiguities were morphology is reported for Cataleptodius resolved using a Zeiss Axioskop differential floridius (Gibbes, 1850) by KURATA (1970, interference contrast microscope. Appendages publication not seen during this present study) were mounted on slides in polyvinyl as Leptodius floridius and INGLE (1987) [ZI]; lactophenol and allowed to clear for 24 h. Cycloxanthops novemdentatus (LOCKINGTON, Cover slips were sealed with clear nail varnish 1877) by KNUDSEN (1960) [ZI-IV, Meg.]; C. and drawings were made with the aid of camera truncatus (de HAAN, 1837) by HONG (1977) lucida. Five zoeal specimens were examined. [ZI-IV, Meg], SUZUKI (1979) [ZI-IV] and The sequence of the zoeal descriptions is based TERADA (1980) [ZI-IV] and Pseudomedaeus on the malacostracan somite plan and agassizii (A. Milne Edwards, 1880) by described from anterior to posterior. Setal COSTLOW & BOOKHOUT (1968) as armature of appendages is described from Leptodius agassizii [ZI-IV, Meg.]. proximal to distal segments and in order of According to MANNING & HOLTHUIS endopod to exopod (CLARK et al., 1998). The (1981) Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) lives first stage zoea and the spent female are inter-tidally down to a depth of ca. 220 m with deposited in The Natural History Museum, a reported distribution from the Eastern London, registration number NHM 2002.2006. Atlantic including the Açores, Madeira, the The first stage zoea is described and fully Cape Verde Islands, the Canary Islands, the illustrated. The long plumose natatory setae Spanish Sahara, the Ivory Coast, Ghana, the of the first and second maxillipeds, and the Gulf of Guinea (Principe and São Tomé) to long antennular aesthetascs, were drawn Annobon and Saint Helena. LEWINSOHN & truncated. The approximate measurement of HOLTHUIS (1964) provide records for the the antennal exopod (for its ratio with the Eastern Mediteranean and Chace (1966) for protopod) was taken from the base to the tip the Western Atlantic (the Bahamas, Cuba, excluding the terminal setae. Curaçao and Islas Los Roques). CHACE (1966) recorded ovigerous crabs from Saint Description Helena in January and April and off West Africa during June (FOREST & GUINOT, Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) 1966). Recently an ovigerous crab of M. minor was collected from São Miguel, Açores in Zoea I August and the first stage zoeas were hatched Carapace (Figs 1a, b). Dorsal spine long, in the laboratory. The purpose of this present distally curved and spinulate and longer than study is to describe the morphology in detail rostral spine; rostral spine straight with and compare it with other known Xanthinae prominent spines distally and equal in size to first stage zoeas in an attempt to establish the the antennal protopod; lateral spines present relationship of M. minor within this subfamily. with spinulations on anterior margin;

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | anterodorsal setae absent; one pair of 17% length of protopod with one long posterodorsal setae present; each ventral subterminal seta and two terminal setae of margin without setae; eyes sessile. unequal length. Antennule (Fig. 1c). Uniramous; endopod Mandible. Mandibular palp absent. absent; exopod unsegmented with three long Maxillule (Fig. 2a). Epipod absent, coxal (two stout + one thinner) aesthetascs, one endite with seven setae; basial endite with five short, slender aesthetasc and one small seta, all terminal. setal processes; endopod two-segmented, Antenna (Fig. 1d). Protopod equal in proximal segment with one seta, distal segment length to rostral spine and distally spinulate; with six (two subterminal + four terminal) with a minute protopodal spine; exopod ca. setae; exopod seta absent.

Fig. 1: Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) first stage zoea; a) anterior view of carapace; b) rostral spine; c) antennute; d) antenna.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | Maxilla (Fig. 2b). Coxal endite bilobed with respectively; exopod two-segmented, distal 4 + 4 setae; basial endite bilobed with 5 + 4 segment with four terminal natatory plumose setae; endopod bilobed with 3 + 5 (two setae. subterminal + three terminal) setae; exopod Second maxilliped (Fig. 3b). Coxa without (scaphognathite) margin with four plumose seta; basis with four setae arranged 1, 1, 1, 1; setae plus distal stout plumose process. endopod three-segmented, with 1, 1, 6 (three First maxilliped (Fig. 3a). Coxa with 1 seta; subterminal + three terminal) setae basis with ten setae arranged 2, 2, 3, 3; endopod respectively; exopod two-segmented, distal five-segmented with 3, 2, 1, 2, 5 (one segment with four terminal natatory plumose subterminal + four terminal) setae setae.

Fig. 2: Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) first stage zoea; a) maxillule; b) maxilla; c) telson.

26 Medit. Mar. Sci., 5/2, 2004, 23-34

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | Fig. 3: Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) first stage zoea; a) first maxilliped; b) second maxilliped.

Third maxilliped. Absent. one pair of posterodorsal setae; pleopods Pereiopods. Absent. absent. Abdomen (Figs 4a, b). Five somites; somite Telson (Figs 4a, b; 2c). Each fork long and 2 with a pair of lateral processes directed not spinulate, with two lateral spines (one stout laterally; somite 3 with a pair of lateral and one smaller) and one dorsomedial spine; processes directed posteriorly; somites 3-5 with posterior margin with three pairs of stout posterolateral processes; somites 2-5 with spinulate setae.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | Discussion of the antennal exopod, the presence or absence of spinulation on the anterior margin The first stage zoeas of nine genera and of the lateral carapace spines, the setation of the distal endopod segment of the second thirteen species which may have affinites within maxilliped and the lateral armature of the the Xanthinae MacLeay, 1838, are tabulated telson. One character that appears to have (Table 1) with respect to six larval characters. been overlooked in the past by a number of These are the antennal ratio of the exopod Xanthidae (sensu SERENE` , 1984) zoeal length to protopod length, the presence of the descriptions is the small endopod spine on the antennal endopod spine, the terminal setation antenna (Fig. 1d) and this is probably due to

Fig. 4: Microcassiope minor (Dana, 1852) first stage zoea; a) dorsal view of abdomen; b) lateral view of abdomen.

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http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | t, 4a, b) 4a, Fig. 4h) Fig. continued) 4:2004: al., et (Dornelas Table 1 Table 1997: Fig. 2F)Fig. 1997: 1A)Fig. 1997: 5H)Fig. 1997: 6A) Fig. 1997: 2001: Fig. 1D)Fig. 2001: B)1A, Fig. 2001: J)1A, Fig. 2001: J) 1A, Fig. 2001: 3% present 2 absent 6spine smaller 1 + spine 1 6% present 2 absent 5?spine smaller 1 + spine 1 12% present 1 absentseta 1 + spine 51 19% present 3 present 6spine smaller 1 + spine 1 10% absent? 2 absentspine smaller 1 + spine 51 17% present 3 present 6spine smaller 1 + spine 1 10% present 2 absentspine smaller 1 + spine 51 26% absent? 3 absent 5?seta 1 + spine 1 13% present 2 absentspine smaller 1 + spine 51 2.5% present 2 absent 6spine smaller 1 + spine 1 length length exopodspines carapace maxilliped Fig. 5a)Fig. 5a)Fig. Fig. 5a,b) Fig. 1a) Fig. 9a) Fig. 13a) 12a, 11a, Figs Fig. 5A)Fig. 5A) Fig. 5A) Fig. 1A) Fig. 10A) Fig. 13A) 12A, 11A, Figs Fig. 3CI)Fig. 3CI) Fig. 3CI) Fig. 3AI) Fig. 3GI) Fig. 3HI) Fig. Fig. 2B'1)Fig. 2B'1) Fig. 2B'1) Fig. B1)1 Fig. 138)B1) 3 Fig. to protopodto antennallateral of 2ndof segment telson the 1968: Fig. 1D)Fig. 1968: 1D)Fig. 1968: 1D)Fig. 1968: 1B)Fig. 1968: 1I)Fig. 1968: 1B) Fig. 1968: of exopod lengthexopod of spine endopod the of setation margin anterior endopod distal of armature (this study: Fig. 1d)Fig. study: (this 1c)Fig. study: (this 1d)Fig. study: (this 1a)Fig. study: (this 3b)Fig. study: (this 2c, Figs study: (this (Ko & Clark, 2002)Clark, & (Ko 2002)Clark, & (Ko Martin,& (Rodriguez Martin& (Rodriguez Martin,& (Rodriguez Martin, & (Rodriguez (Ko & Clark, 2002)Clark, & (Ko 2002)Clark, & (Ko 2002)Clark, & (Ko 7a)Fig. 1983: (Ingle, 2002)Clark, & (Ko 2002) Clark, & (Ko (Dornelas et al., 2004)al., et (Dornelas 2004)al., et (Dornelas Santos,dos & (Paula Santos, dos & (Paula Santos,dos & (Paula Santos, dos & (Paula A comparison of first stage zoeal characters from some known Xanthinae descriptions. ? = character may require re-examination ( re-examination require may character = ? descriptions. Xanthinae known some from characters zoeal stage first of comparison A granulipes2002:Clark, & (Ko 2002: Clark, & (Ko 2002:Clark, & (Ko 2002:Clark, & (Ko 2002:Clark, & (Ko 2002: Clark, & (Ko truncatus1980: (Terada, 1980: (Terada, 1980: (Terada, 1980: (Terada, 1980: (Terada, 1980: (Terada, Nanocassiope Xantho incisus Xantho Nanocassiope melanodactyla 2004:al., et (Dornelas 2004:al., et (Dornelas 2004:al., et (Dornelas 2004:al., et (Dornelas 200 al., et (Dornelas Xantho poressa Xantho Pseudomedaeus agassiziiBookhout,& (Costlow Bookhou,Bookhout, & & (Costlow (Costlow Bookhout,& (Costlow Bookhout,& (Costlow Bookhou & (Costlow Speciesminor Microcassiope ratio Antenna: antennal Small Terminal on Spinulation of Setation Lateral floridanus4c)Fig. 1987: (Ingle, 2002)Clark, & (Ko Fig.4c)1987: (Ingle, 4a)Fig. 1987: (Ingle, 4g)Fig. 1987: (Ingle, (Ingle,1987: Cataleptodius elegans1990: (Terada, 1990: (Terada, 1990: (Terada, 1990: (Terada, 1990: (Terada, 1990: (Terada, Paraxanthias Cycloxanthops Xantho pilipes Xantho

Medit. Mar. Sci., 5/2, 2004, 23-34 29

http://epublishing.ekt.gr | e-Publisher: EKT | Downloaded at 11/09/2019 09:50:17 | the use of an inadequate microscope. This small endopod spine may be a diagnostic zoeal character of the family. DORNELAS et al. (2004) suggested that Nanocassiope was not a homogenous taxon and could be divided into separate Atlantic and Indo-Pacific genera. They concluded that the larval study of another Indo-Pacific species would be needed to clarify further the generic status of Nanocassiope, and adult characters will also have to be reappraised. However, this present larval study appears to support their hypothesis because Microcassiope minor, with an Atlantic distribution, appears to show close affinites with N. melanodactyla. Four zoeal characters (Table 1) distinguish these two Atlantic species from N. granulipes as described by KO & CLARK (2002) and include: the number of terminal setae on the antennal exopod (three versus one respectively), the number of setae on the distal endopod segment of the second maxilliped (six versus five respectively), the presence or absence of spinulation on the anterior margin of the lateral carapace spines and the lateral armature of the telson fork (one spine and one

Table 1 (continued) 1 Table smaller spine versus one spine and one seta respectively). Zoeal evidence seems to suggest that adult characters within Nanocassiope Guinot, 1967 will have to be reappraised.

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Maria Thessalou-Legaki and the organising committee of the 8th Colloquium Crustacea Decapoda Mediterranea for an extremely 9% absent? 1 absentseta 1 + spine 51 7% presentsuccessful 1 meeting. absentspine small 1 + spine 51 11% absent? 1 presentspine smaller 1 + spine 51 2003) 2003) 2003) 2003) 2003) 2003) length length exopodspines carapace maxilliped Fig. 2 C'1)2 Fig. C'1)2 Fig. C'1)2 Fig. 1)C Fig. C''4)2 Fig. C1) 2 Fig. pl. 2 Fig. 3)Fig. 2 pl. 3)Fig. 2 pl. 3)Fig. 2 pl. 1)Fig. 2 pl. 1)Fig. 2 pl. 2) Fig. 2 pl. to protopodto antennallateral of 2ndof segment telson the (Clark & Paula, & (Clark Paula,& (Clark Paula, & (Clark Paula, & (Clark Paula, & (Clark Paula, & (Clark

of exopod lengthexopod of spine endopod the of setation margin anterior endopod distal of armature References

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