EDITORIAL NOTES
We are pleased to welcome to the Society the Sunderland Industrial Archaeology Group, whose ambitious Winter Programme you will find, along with other Group programmes, in the centre pages. The Industrial Archaeology Society for the North East Whilst on the subject of Groups' activities 1 have received some interesting notes from Mr. H. E. D. Bcavis of the Tyne Group regarding their project at the Settlingstones Lead Mine in Northurnbesl_and. This was in production from the late 17th to the late 19th centuries and Mr. Beavis would welcome any information on this site that readers may Bulletin 7 possess. His address is: 36 South Bend, Brunton Park, Newcastle NE3 5TR. In this issue we are pleased to show some more of Mr. J. K. Marrison's drawings, this time the Killhope Water Wheel and also details of the buildings and machinery at the hgleby Greenhow Corn Mill. Mr. A. Stoyel has let us have further notes on the Pencil Mill at: Cronkley and Mr. Lrunkley Pencil h-lill Xlan Stoyel S. B. Smith of the new Sunderland Group is not wasting any time with news from his area. Now to raise a subject that has caused discussion in some parts of the region covered by the Society: the front cover of the Bulletin, on which is Itill hope Lrad Crrishing Mill Jol-rrl K. I3assison shown a typical chaldron wagon of the Northern coalfield. Apparently some members think it is time we changed our cover, and to enable the Wire -rope making, Srmdcrland Stuart Smith Committee of the Society to look into this, I propose a competition among members of the Society: to design a possible new cover for ttis publication. Tngleb y Gre entlow milI Adrian Zealand Competitors are requested to bear in mind that the design should represent, if possible, the region as one mit, with not too much emphasis on local Rc:\.ording the Inglrby kTiIl John K. Harrison industries in any one area. The successful designer will receive a free membership for 1969, and the competition closes at the end of January (;rirlkle lf ine R;lilnay Sirnon Chapman 1969. The result will be announced in the March issue. All entries should be sent to me, at my home address, and I look forward to seeing I-lucIl,arrn\~~hline Nigcl C'l~npinan all your bright: ideas. One final point : do not worry too much about a well- finished design. If the idea is good we can get it redrawn. Finally we must apolagise for the delay in producing this issue due to PHOTOGRAPH: several unforeseen difficulties. With any luck members will have this in Wlre rope making their hands to read after their Christmas dinner, and I also take this opportunity of wishing evcryene a Happy and successful Industrial PLAY: Archaeological hrew Year. P cnc il hlil.1. Ke ith Chapman SKETCHES: Grinkle railway bridge Copy for next Bulletin (by end of January 1969), should be sent to Cornish pumping engine Keith Chapman, 26, Springfield Avenue, Brotton, Saltburn -by -the-Sea, Yorkshire. DRAWINGS: Killhope water wheel Published by the Industrial Archacalogy Society for the North East Ingleby water mill c10 The Bowes Museum, Barnard Castle, Co. Durham. of only trr~o,nillstont.s lying un thc sit<- - me a brdsione (lone-r stunc), arbd t!~c- 0tl2~ra ru~lller(uppe* stone). Tlir head oi water o11iril \\;as available, iogether xvith the cons tru.:~ion of Pencil Mill the wcstern end 01 the mill ir?cliLa.ic a s1naI1 overshot 1r~hcr.1of perllaps t\si:lr-c ieet diameter. The gearing to drive il single pair of stones ~;o~il6have ;o?-lsis:rhd Alan Stoyel uf a ~ATYC'CO~~(:C! wheel (pit\vht=cl)011 the wheel sl~;~il,eng:iginf ;I sm nllcv oni. istu~:c- tlill n:i the r-ertical spir?dle ht.101~-the millstol-.cs so that the sp~ctloi t:lc u-$per ~r~illstone(the rumrer), \V;-L~con sicleralily last cr than that oi the ~i-aL-er\:-l?., Fral::i AAtkir.zn~:'sinteresti~g article 011this si:bject (311llcti~i.5, pagv 17) has .is sun-7i:ifi hat a sinyle pair of stolles \\;as driven by an ovi.1-sl:rlt \~:lie;:l hi su:l- :I p~.firnptt:dvc. to xdrl the f~Tld\<-illg:IO:C-!, $.<~liiWI~111:~~ i11 1~11ii11 the rlixvc?ralT y s haricrl -~t,..ic.r~:s:c:c* oi Lhc !:.ater\\-l~rc;. Ali r.s;qmjnation ol tht. f~irr-r~~\-sel t1:c. s:or.c~ -+os~tiul:srrpresent the t~ofeet t!iick, dry-stone wal.!t 0:' tht: ~nil!. Tbr? t~ascc -tiou.s !!1;1t Lne c?jrection 0:' the rotation was ii~~:k\r.isc,thus strt-ngt11er;ing iCic of t!lrse xr:alis remain up to ;: m;~lii-l;n-r !~r:lqhtof three ar inr~t-feef a!>ox-c ~ro1;17d ..;:sc ior ?h(:{cr~er ;Ii.1*:in,gcme:lt. !cx-~>l.It is r.\-idc!lt t!lat tlie mili n.as ui ih1-c storey on! y a~.rl:ra~rl~ents i~nrr i.hc , lhr-. ~iXstu~:t;:;X?-e ?. feet 4 ir-!~hi,!+in rliamctcl- and. are 0:' 23 riark vesir.ui.ar stonr -.-l~b1-00' may l,? ~OLIIIC!I!I tl?~rlii!..~. 1zva v,,ilicl: \r.a- rll~srricclin Ihc hlayen distri:? of Gcr~.anu. h:il?s!nncs this T!i? Triz.il>.room mr:asures 31'4" r 12'0'" &nrl :.he rucrn- ,-L? tl:e ea~ter:rl i.~. trip(: xr.r:rt: shippr.d 20~~11the rivr:r Khitle and c:xported ~iaSolucne - hcncc 10'0" h- 12'0". Thcrr is no ::onnr.ctirr,p door bct\v~elitlie twu. Ai thc v:r:sterl! their name or "culler!", or- 51ue stont:s. The runner in this case carries a ex6 is ,z 10 ier:t \i~ldc. ex:u!1sion (irternd mcasurernei--1)-.~:li~r:h appears to ha\-c- :i-~;rli. irn~iI~nl?~ice ryrlcl in thc ej-e ai the stone and the ~~PC~TLI~C~01 the laltel- 'iuksc>d i hc \vater-XI-l~eel. The approximate positiorl 13i the lr-hee.1 is cuniirrrrc: '>v stl~geutst'lat it is not of ari earlier dztc than the !nid:lle of thr !?th cent~~ry. 3 ~lipllirlepression IT-hicl: marks the course of the t;:iLr:lze Yrorn the \vlir~clI~ai.'. to thc rivcr Tct:s. Tl~rclry Icat u:Ilich usr.cL to !,ring thi. \s;~ti.rto the mill nTar; hr. srrn tu stop n slroz-;. clistancr. shori o? it, aiici this \$;~rermeet !l;?r-c I~cen r0nveyt.d to the wrlleel '~ymeans of a wooden lau!ir!c?-.
ill this ;I re2 ancl such protection is very desirable rnlte:.~ f?-er.3!n c. ~rpis Ilkttl!: to 1,e cr proh!cm - as inclr,cd ii musi have bee3 in this case (the rnill bt.i:~c sit~iatcdin an czposcd, northerly-iacing position at ;t.n t.lr\ .~lln~1ol 0vt.r !LOO ieet).
The! wester11 lvall of the r;lain room 01 t11c mill shows no siqrls n!>ar.e grot:l.cl level oi thr. hole by which the whcelshnlt passed t!lrough iL. It is u~ili!:i.ly t11at l!~iswas complctelv bcloxv grouncb level because the tailracr s!1a-n1iel would 11sve l-1a.d to bc suc!i a ]a?-ge cxcavstior: and wotllrl, ihereforr., s~~ffcr.from XI-ate7 - '1-j;-irIti.nc up" Iron, the t~ai?lri~rcx-. Therc is tl!c pus :;i!>ility that thr y ?-i-:cliriy ~n~aclij~iery\vas situated on the western sldc of the wherl, and that t!ie main 1-onrr (>I'Ihc. mill was uscd far the suSscoce~itproccssr.!; in (.he mn!iufazturr: of tl~csl;tle-l>c.ncils. Careiul r:xcar-atior! ill 71c tlic only way oi find in^ out the an swt:r s io cl:~estiolir such this.
T11t- lor.rrj r7i the buildii>g supgesls that o:11y n sln~lepair of m-illstoncs wcrc eLver enT.pl oyed to grincl t!~v sliale . This l!~ro~-yis strcn~thr~ncdby the euj ste-lce The ahscllce of any signs uf other disc nrdcd rnillsto!~esis surprising if the mill was ir uroduction far a long time, and. Mr. I!. L. Beadle has said l-hat thc mill is rcp1:ted not to have becn a Lommercial success. Additiol~;.l evidellce i~.support ol' this is thc absence of records and also the small nmourlt oLr shle Killhope Lead Crushing Mill ~.;-llichap:,el1-s to llnvc been c-siarratrd. This shale L\-3s dug lrom ai: escnvation in tt~fbnrii~ a short distance to the west of the mill, closc by the leat, ant: c-as John k. Harrison t!!? ~-.:aterjalti17.t was gromd 3etn-ecr. the stones. Aftcr this it must have hccn .nczrd M it3 SO~P!)indin? ag{.xt and ?rcssed into mollld~to harden, hut ar.y rlct>ils of tile process mill only be Icnu~.mX-ter carer~ilcx,:avxtio~: oi the site. Readins througll the excellent article on the Killhope Lcad Crushklg Mill 11: S\itlctin KG. 6, I am aware of only one omission in the d,etail given. I am rcrcrring, of course, the \L wheel to the Killhope mainly owes 'I-l~crnil1 xvae u;li I-~fnsr by 1.>7h, ns t!ir Quartcrlv .It~urn;ll~f the (;eologir?l to ater which site ' 2 iamc. This, no doubt, is idly co:.errd by photographs in thc arlthar1s :jc;L:iitty 0: iol: (!
Tile ullep1 is o:r-erv advar~cecIdesignand construction. It is made entirrly 1, rullcd sections, channels, strips and sheets of wrought iron or steel rivctted ro~~thrr,the on?)- castings belng thr bcaring blocks, the hub plates and the rknq ccal- segmer~ts. Its size of 53'8" makes it an impressive larldmark, but il rrusi ilnt be thoucht of as belnq onc of the largest in the Northern Pe~lnine;;. An cun~~plrui 45'0" existed an the Wcstmorland side of the fells, for i1ist;ulcc. !It)wever, ~t prot)ztbly developed as much power as some of tht. bigger oncs. It 'ovt.~-+hot'.and S~ncaton,as lar ba~kas 1752, had proved this to Ise thr niosl ecficlcnt typ.pc. A great dcal of care was taken in leading the watcr o~iLo t1.c x~l~ccl.Since the pomcr was provided by the weight of thr water alone, the idea aas to gct the watcr to run in smoothly and without shock. Allou,ansc was ~:;lrlr. ior thc air, which was trapped in each wheel-trough by tllc in-coming waLcr, to escape into a ventilation spacc behind the troughs. :
Wire-Rope Making,Sunderland Stuart Smith
Rope making has always been one of the important ancillary trades in many coastal towns, and in the North East where inaddition there was mining, the production of wire rope has a long history. Sunderland figures prominently in this story as it was here that Richard Fothergill, a local schoolmaster, invented in 1793 a machine, "of an entire new mode, method or art of dressing hemp and making the same into ropes and cordage. " This was a forerunner of the sun and planet machine which by 1842 was being used in Sunderland by Webster & Co. , for the manufacture of + p.'* d 1 "., wlre ropes. The full history of the industry is too long to be told here? but 7.. S.' - .y.; F% includes much of interest to the student of mining, engineering, shipbuilding I * and railways. Rope was made in Sunderland for the Seaton Bank Incline of the York, Newcastle & Berwick Railway Co. , in 1849; for many collieries; for the Runcorn -Widness Transporter Bridge; and for a sling of 15. 7" circumference for putting the turbhes in the Mauritania. This is reputably the largest wire rope ever made and a sample is in the Sunderland Museum. Two firms have closed this year, Webster & Co., founded in 1793, and Glaholm & Robson, started in 1859. The records of the former firm unfortunately passed into private hands. and most of those belonging to the latter were destroyed, but luckily the museum managed to acquire a large number of photographs and samples. Glaholm & Robson made a wide variety of products, one of the most interesting being the manufacture of flat balance h ropes for mine cages by a hand weaving process that has remained unchanged for at least a hundred years. Steel wire is wound on drums which are attached to a wooden vertical frame carrying ten drums. From this frame the wire passes to a work bench where two men weave in the weft, also of wire. (See photograph). This process requires the use of hammers with chigel- shaped heads which can be forced between the warp wires to separate them, and hooks to draw the weft through. From the bench the completed flat rope Weaving flat rope passes over a greasing roller and then on to a coiler operated by a winch. c. 1408 The whole of this machine with its hand tools was recently removed by this museum and put into store for eventual re-erection at the proposed Regional and photo by courtesy of Messrs. Glaholm Robson Open Air Museum.
*See "A History of the Wire Rope Industry of Great Britain" by E. R. Forestier -Walker. Pub. 195 2. TEESSIDE INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY GROUP.
Water - Powered Corn Mill LECTURE PROGRAF$!E FOR 1969. lngleby Greenhow All lectures are held at 7.3Op.m. in the Dorman hluseun, Linthorpe Road, Adr~anZealand Mfddlesbrough, unl ess otherwise stated.
The village of Lngleby Greexhow is situated at the western edge of the Clel eland Hills and un the fertile plain which stretches Irom the base 05 tilis Monday, 27 th January, f 969. "Farmstead Surveyst1 by Mrs. V. csiarprrent to the Tees and across to the Pennine foothills. Two water corn- Chapman, ~4*A.,Dip.Ed. mills =eem to ha\-? served this rclaiivcly small farming community Tar some time, hut thc o?ie to xvkich the attcntior: of the Teesside Industrial Archaeology Thur~day,20th February, 1969. "me Making nf He~v-yWrought Iron Group and the Dorman Museum, hIiddlesbrough, became directed ir? L967 Shaftsw by Mr. R. Benson. (PJr. (K. R,3 77068). was first mentioned in an historical context in a Twclith C e::iury Benson who has been a director of Charter as l~svinybeen given to W!iitby Abbey by Adam of I~lgleby. The C!larter the Darlington Forge, will be 1s u!tdatcd. hut authoritir s place it between 1150 and 1 155, but difie r 111 opinio-i talking about shafts likc that forgec as to its precise dath:g. the Wllitby Abbey remained the owner of mill urtil the for the Great Steamship cf Dissolution in 15 39, when it 13-as returned to the Lords of the hianor of I ngleby. Eastern Possession of the mill passed through the Balliol, Eure and Fpu-lis lar-ilic < the 19th century). jr fore co.ning to the Baron of cle Llsic and Dudley, \vho held the hlanur towards "Potash Yorkshire" Pink Goldt' 1$Jednesday, !2th March, 1963 m - Ihc rnrl ui thr. nineteenth century. It is no€ ?cnovm, at present, he\%-long the by Mr. L. Phillips, RaScc,F*G.S. latter lord retained the mill, and although 2 contemporary list of save of ~IIC ~r,lllcrsexists, opr cannot tell whether they were tenants or ireeholders. Thursday, 24th Apri! 1969. A.G.M. and Members' evening for 131e m111 is itself a tripartite range, consist~gof the tniller's I~o~!se,tht: discussion of current end future mill buildinc, and nn extension containing the wlleelhouse and laadin~anrl storage work . spacc. T!le ~nillcr'shouse is a two-storey building ,lh; ft. long by- toft. wide. Iiaving a srrlall outkousc on the end, ,ind another of lean-to construction at the 112 SIC.
Adjolriiny ~t 1s the mill halldmg, 27 ft. by 25 ft. consistir~gui three sto+eys having an cntl-ance door to one end of the front wall and immcdiatcly abur-e it ,+ do~tbleinuard-opening loading door. Between the two doors, R lintel bears the datr 1817. Another door on the first floor at the back ui thc hulldialg givc's assess to tl~cmill rnces.
The laiest part of the range is annexecl ol~tothis, and ~omprrscsa stone built \vheelhouse, and beside it a shed with a xide arched cntrar.ce large eno~tgl~to take a \va,oxorl. Above this, a storage room is entered by a stonc sfalsca~e ilanking the outsidc X\-all, its only \~,ia~dowhad beell blocked up and a small \\-oodcn doorwa) iilscrted in the front walL above thc archway. The top Iloor was a continuation of the storage area oi thc miIl builrlinp itself, U-here the dividing wall had Seen sercaved to ellable txvo windlass-type hoists to be driven from the TYNE INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY GROUP DURHAM I NDUS TR LA L ARCHAEOLOGY GROUP -
PROGRAMME OF 1969 MEETINGS PROGRAhWE OF ACTIVTTZES JAN. 1969 to MAY 1969.
23rd January, 1969, "The History of the Claset on Tyneside". The following programme is provisional upon pcrmission being granted Mr. Earrow of Adamsez. to visits to various industrial sites. 20th February, 1969. "Early Newcastle rrinting". The meetings will be held on Friday evenings at Durham Technical Mr. M, Davj of Hindson, Andrew Reid. +e College in Room B24, or the Lecture Theatre, the meetings to commence $th March, 1969. "Ropema king". 1 at 7.15w.m. 1 Mr. G. Soppit of British Ropes Ltd. Saturday meetings will start at the Durham Technical College at 2p.m. 44th April, 1969. "Tyne Tugs". otherwise stated. Mr. C. Cairns. unless wbhMay, 1969. A.G.M. and Guest Speaker. F-iday Jan. loth Archives. Meet at County Hall 7.15p.m. Friday Jan. 17th Mining. Speaker to he named later. All meetings hill commence at 7.30p.m. and'he held in Sat. Jan. 18th Visit to Pumping stations at Ryhope & East Ru-t1,erfcrrl College of Technolcgy, Newcas-kLe. Herrington, Sunderland d South Shields 1% ter Coy. (subject to permission being granted). F:iday Feb. 7th Glass Making, Illust~atedtalk with films. Set. Feb. 15th Visit to Consett Iron Works {~ubjcctto permission bet ng granted) . Frifay March 7th Sh? pbuilding. I1 l ustra ted talk. set.' March 22nd Visit to the Causey Arch. Friday March 28th Film show of work being done in the area by local Industrial Archaeology Groups. Sat. - April 12th Visit to Seaham Harbour. (subject to permission being granted). Friday April 25th Members slide evening of local slides. Friday May 23rd Annual General Meeting. SUNDEFLXND IN3USTFIl AL. ARCHAEOLOGY GROUP. central mill -shaft and haul sacks of grain up through hatches cut in the floor S of PROGRAMkIE FOR 1969. the two parts of the building. The range was built with dressed rectangular blocks of local sandstone. T1~cW-alls of the mill building and house consisted of extrcmelv close fitting Friday rnc~tingswill commence at 7.17p.m. and will be held in the ashlar blocks, where all precautions had to be taken agai~stdampness and Art Gallery and Ibluceum, Borough Road, All meetings will finish the effects of vibration, but those of the wheel-house annexe M'CTE relatively crude and suggested the re-use of stone from some other building. The rafter at 9p.m. beams of the pantiled roof were set on curved shoulder-braces, about 3ft. long, XL-hicl1ran the thickness of the wall at one end and rested on the supporting Saturday afternoon meetings will start at the side entrance of the beams of the top floor of the bulldlng at thc other, to relieve the outward thrust Museum at 2p.m. unless otherwise stated. of the rooi on thc ralls. Water slipply was brought through a leat, about 300 vards long, from a weir on the Ir~glehyBeck, and conducted around the edges oi iields to the back of the january 17th - Mining. mill, ~rhcrcit was delivered to the wheel at first floor level. The Ilow could bc controlled by a screw valve on the weir sluice, and tlie main-and-tail race Sat. FeSruary 3th - Hi storicz? Ssurces. volume cliii~rentlalby slrnilar ~alvcsat thc rear 01 Lhc. rnrll. The two rraces were only a iew feet away from each other, the tail-rac e directing the surplus 21 S - The rope Industry of Sunderland. February t water thsougl~a culvert under the building to the stream. Thc mill wheel could Sat. March 8th - The dating of buildings, be stopped and started by rnovlng a lever on the irlside ~vallU; the huild;n~,xullich operatrd a wooden flap adjustirie the size of the apcrtbrt tllrough which the xnater March 2is-L - Sundcrl and Tramways. in the malrl race was delivered to it. Sat. April 12tf - Walk along the River Wear. The rr-afer wheel was of the 'high hrcast' type, anrl t~irt~ecltiwards the srjcrce cjf wi~trr,~vhi~h \\as iecl onto ~t at the Z o'clock position. It was 16it. d~,~mr.ter April 18tk - Members slide evening of local slides. an? 3it. bins. wide. Its wooden axle \r.Ls 12ft. long, i~lcludingthe metal hearings ~hichwere mounted at ground level, ill Vi;lt to the Docks. octagorlal srction, ;~ndwas clamped by Sat. May 3rc' - 2 cast-iron collars, each havl~ig8 st.;lts to take the wooden arm5 of thc ~vhrel. The rim was also cast-iron, made up oi X sections on each side, nhicli were May 16tl. - Annual General Mceting. bolted together with half-lappkg joints, and were LittecI with flnngcs 011 thc inner sides onto mhich the wuoden butkets were bolted, b to sac11 pair of sectlnns
Suitable clcthing should be worn for Saturday meetings. Sesearch At the other end of the axle, within the mill building into which it pa sscd, v:as groups aYill make ~paratrarrangements for their meetings. a ~~1stiron c~own-wheel,9;; ft. diameter, having 8 spokes and was made in 2 halr-ea which bolted together. Llkr thc watcr-wheel it revoIved in n pit. This drove the wooden xrertical shaft and the mill machinery through a horizontal pinion 3ft. bins. diameter. The height of the main shaft was 15 ft. and the clearanst: bctwccn the crown wheel and pinion could be adjusted by moving thc hottom bearing of the shalt, mou~ztedill a woodcn black, whlch \vas st.curcd ro projections in the floor with wedges.
Irn~nedlatclyabove the pinion was a woodcn spur wheel, 9; ft. diameter, its arms consisting of 3 timbers tenoned through a thickening in the shaft itscl1 and half -jointed with each other in the middle. The rim was made up of 6 sections, ~\ithwooden teeth tenoned into its outer edge. This drove the cast-iron pinions of the mill stones, 20 in. diameter, which had been removed at the time the milI RECORDLKC THE INGLEBY GREENHOW MILL was surveyed. The stones, 3ft. bins. diameter, and mounted in the first fIoor John K. Harrison could be started by operating a lever on the ground floor to drop the pinions into slots for could be in mesh. The securing the posts of the HURST identified the The burden of tracing the history of the mill and describing its main features sandstone flags of the ground floor and showed that the third of the three sets of rests with Adrian Zealand, v-ho was also responsible for removing the water stones must at some stage have been removed, and a new floor laid. wheel and most of tllr machinery, for preservation. On the first floor, apart from the millstones themselves, was a wooden crown The drawings whick accompany this article were made at the same time, wheel at the top of the main shaft, which drove 3 metal layshafts slung and, although they are largely self-explanatory, o11.e or two hricf notes Tay be horizontally to the roof beams. It was bft. in diameter, and the six spokes were appropriaic. again made up of 3 timbers tenoned through an hexagonal thickening in the shaft. Sheet 1. Shoiv~thc ehrcrior ol thc mill, whlch xecorded \-irtually stone by It had cast -iron teeth, secured in sections to the upper side of the rim, into -- was which the cast iron layshaft pinions with wooden teeth could be meshed by a:~~~.It can be seen that, although the m111 is integral with the other buildingh, a! the masonry lowering a lever. ,lnd the roof line is =broken, details sllow that thc bulldings are of difierent aqes. Also revealed by ihe rlrax-i~~qvexe one walled up window and The top floor contained the sack hoist, driven by a 9ift. high continuation of a seco11cI xvlndow concealed under the later- outside stone stair. If ac ca:1 imagine the in section bottom being in main vertical shaft, but narrower and located a L!~eseopen again, 1c.c can set. the re~ularpattrrn oi spac111g u. rluor -: -t~icl~x~l~clu\r S at the top of the main superslot shaft. Both shafts were secured at the top in \I hikh is 3 lentilre oL man). Clevelanrl water ?qllis. wooden bearings. A small cast iron bevel gear at the top drove downwards onto 2 others of the same diameter on the ends of the windlass axles which ran the Skcc:t 2. Is n scale isornctrii drawing of \\-hat rem~ineclof the mill 7:-.acllincr.y. length of the building beneath the ridge beam of the roof in opposite directions. Tllfs projection gives a pictorinl view, ~vhicliis c;~si[?rund<.rstoo~l hy !hr. l:~y:n;~ri, They could be worked independently by exerting downward pressure on a long wiiilc stiII fii.r-irl~accuratc inicjrmatlori. Such a mcl:!lod \Ins perh;ip. 01:ly s~:i:ai>lc counterbalanced lever, parallel to the axles, which lifted the gears at the ends ill this case sincc thc hurst a1:ci stoncs harl already clisap;>crired a1:(1 ttir. ~e:tri!ly into mesh. The grah was stored in sacks on the floor, and was fed to the mill- -,van txpcjserl. Nurmally hot11 illc. hurst a~iclthr 2cari!1ji shu~:ld lhc ~.l:currl*.cl. stones below through fabric chutes from hoppers which consisted apparently of Shect 5. Treats the \water xvhcr.! anri pent stock in :L ~r~,lilar.mamicr. Chr? he S sian bag 5. -- !',,,I Ire of this !?art -was the fir~~ou;ilil,y of the masorlry surrounriiny :ie rvt?i.?l. The oldest building of seems the present mill-range to have been the miller's tl?r ~orntebc.t\ver!~ the drcssccl stuncs being r:o more than one-sister:ritl~ol -AI: house, and onto it had originally been built a single storey construction. This I!l xoti< U ~!Ic. slot jl: tlte 1va11 ill Iront of tlie \:.heel u,llere is t!l~.~-t.~-.~;,ins might have been a mill, in fact it did occupy the entire area between the end of o: :I sc-:or;rl cur~tsollever irom the inside oi tlic ~nill, which seelns tu irldicstc the house and the existing water -wheel pit, but would seem inadequate for an tI-,;lt t1;u \\-!~t.r.l was originally overshot, and not a high ?,reast. 11 st~c!~;\:l effective and practicable system of working. It was probably entirely demolished alt~r;?lio!-~\La:< m~deat suc~estag(- (perhaps wllei~a new \l.~hcr.!\\7?1s bciny i'~:! ji-.) and replaced by a new building of the same height as the house, but slightly then the mrtil~i~lery\vo~tld, 01 course, have to work in the opposite di~eziiun. wider, and its wdls not bonded with those of the house. The lintel date 1817of the existing mill machinery may have been installed at this time, this having been introduced possibly about the period when the wheel house annexe was built, and in the latter half of the century.
Grinkle Mine Railway Simon Chapman
This rail\~-aylii~c v;as about 3 miles Lung arid !incl som? cluit<- o~;.tstancl~ng r,!~pi:ict?ri:lg ir~lurcs. h-7-o~~the ninc it pilssecl tiit-<>uci;! t;ultlcl nra.rly 1-~ali-a- nilt. IoI:,~. \X-liichgay*. ;lires S Lc thc i.!ext 7.all.c y, and !iere fhe rail\\-ay encrJc:~?tt~1.d t!~e.n~.r~:~rllet-i,ig Roxhy 3r.rk, \\.l~icl-ii L:~ossedh7rec tilnr:s by yertns oi suhsta:-stial I:0:' r l er.r\-c-;lrir,~ k'oi:t hIr~lg?~vcthe liiie ran tllrol~qha .'c,:.<,!~cl t:.innr.l a mjlt. ir: lc:lgth, \~-hiiligave 3icc:;s to the hnr-l>r)ur.
::;,a?-t I.ycrn tllc ~-~~ni:i~U: thr t11 n t:ir-r;els, o~li-!oi the l~rid,qc.ss:~rx-ivc? !-c.l:l:ix-ely i~lt;~~;;t:icL the ;lii0-np;11-!:~i112dratring s box\-S the :el-.cr;-11 details. It is .:c~nsiracterla?' six i<,-rc>ii,gIiLiro~. lor~,qi,liirli:~;iL ~irders placni i!~t\tru Le71,yths of t1:r.e~ ])ie,:p S, cillnt.c:cd togetlrer. 7,~ii.1: plates, to pro\-ide ei:ppor! ior the rail .;. TLlcsc. ; oi ,_.-1- - ~::>pc>r~c~cl hy masvivr :,;~xll
sr~ppu~-tS T1d1-r. clisappc;+rc.d 311dby IIC~Cr\-en t!if tylain t.ir~h
.!hC TI-Tn~illingtxxr0 bridge5 UVCT ;!lr-h~~k 0i~~iIil1- CO!) st~il~lic>n wrre barr-1 cto~3.ti delil,ern.tc:l some yPar!, rlgo, a!tIlu~!gh i:i e;ict~ case thc iro!l cir-dc-.~1-r.v.~:>i:; I~,-i!lsu!~ the I>cd ui L!IC strearn \\-herr thr:y T(I-11.
F~irtilerrln~r-n stream met-? tvio rr.oYc hriclye s over Cl15 s1.r-c-,im, ,111cl a I-o,lr?, !>ul hot11 bric!ces l~a~,-c:co~pletely rlisa,ppL:ared. The!-r. 1s urle other Ihric,ee un ihr: line, at 1!1r. Griillile hlj?le cnr!., a11rl this i.; J small t!! u ;]-L h staile ~1.1lx~i.rtawer \vlii Ttir locr>mulivc., 0 -4 -0 sxclrll E. -1 ;ln:cs, \xwre sc~u~~anc! :;lb!e ss Lo pro\-icle aclcqu;~te~rleara~lic throi~gll :Iir: t~,rl~lels. A1 Lojicther iolir l cjcomoticc ? a:ilis were used un rhi. linc; t\\w isuilt '?F k-.'u\:-i-[c.~- af Leeds; ;ii:d t\vo by I!ucls\%>ell, Cl ark(.. Thcy \reere shcdded at C;rirkle, nnd at t1lc Dalehousr: cncl oi thc 1011:: tunnel. The tight-ton xvagons \yere ii~u1cc1 through this tilllnel i)y E? stearr! !~sulag~- c11~ir.eat Porr hlulgrilvt? on a mni.11-u~d-t ail ropr: systern. A ' Barlk-rider.' .?"iiutnpanicrl eniI1 5l.t tl?r.ough tl!r l~ir;r~el:he sat on a pl;31ik placed across tiic l the 12s I. :3 tr:qi:i r,: 'set' sonsistcd of about eight or nir.e xrngons. Tli(>3;~1zhorLst~ cnrl ni this t~n~iclis extremely ovcrjirown afid hardly anything is -:.(l tlc 54:~!1 ur tlrc el~girlr~lic~l. -rIltl iunliel- erlcl is open, bst 3s the tullnel go+:.s Hodbarrow Mine f hrougli oIC miuc \\wrkir!gr ai tlic Put-i biu1grn.r-c end it is very dangrrous. Tlir. Nigel Chaprnan sm;=ilc:- L~IT-I!~~: ::? Grk~lilcis penc.tr.a!>le on foot amd at onc er?d, still in sitc, 1s ;! s?iort section ol trl,:k. D~rringthe early part of Au:lust, S had tlie pleasllr-e ni visiting the I-!aclba?-~-nxr- Ironstone l,Iir-~c01 the hlillom. Orc k Hcmatite Iron Co., Ltd., T1us mine ~v!licll is situated near t1-r~totvn of hlillum in C~:mScrlnnd, had sloscd down about 3. year ago. The poivt. of irrtercst aboi;t this mine was the iact that there \\:ere ?.<-c) i7ornish Rc>m Erlgines still rt:rn;llrlin,y 017 thc sitc. On(- C~I~~IIC.ixrricc? 011 its bram a makc:'~ pl;~te sllo\sir:g that the engi:ie Iiad beei? ~narl~ha; a fi~mcallcrl "Williarns Perrail Foul-idry Co. , C;or~:xc~lI,1878" snd tl:e ot!ler e!lgine bore t:~c 7-,lalci.r's plate "Hnrvey S: Co. , 1,td. , E~~,qint:c:rs,1-Ia yl c, C:orn\r-;111 189';". TILcse Bridge u!~Port ht~:ljii.sr~c encint:s harl a cylinder rliamctcr- of aho-.lt ?l! ir.r,hc:; fach. ko Grii~k!~LIinc? R3i1xray I ~:r~rler-s:an[~t1lc:srl rlngi11r:s tr.e:-e used L:? to about I1.'6G /or tlic pllrpose W' I atr l me. Tlic \sor:cinrs efl:ci--4crl und~r!F.c Ara ;-I.~L! s:i-ifcr.rrlsr-~~i~rt~l!~ irom eea-\\ater ?8:rc~bilatingthror~gii tl~c: s:~pr=r-incurr~hen$ strata. L1 ~l~ou:1960 Lhr. 10;-;l1 El(.~-tr.icit)rBo;~rcl oii'c7-rii to c~!.~plycl!.m:t~-ii:it!; for \worhir?g pi;:-rlps nt a rr-vrr eccj:~nmic;,rice I.hm- the rtcarr ~i~iit,nnrl so thl. c.igir-~c:sand hoilcrs kecarnc r~bscrlete. Tile ecjuiprnerit was Leit statldinc ~ir-til.!.:ie Inii.,c cl o5c.f.l. [c-l1r.11 cie~o1itio:l\~:[s corn~nciiccc!. 3y thr time oC rry visit the Il'il:?ir,e E?yir7vs. Irloili:t-S itiirl ot.F.v~-ansill rrrl~lip~cnl5xcl 11cen rt~l--o~.~,-c-d, ;rlso b~asses,v.:L,rc FcaT, ancl rvost of hlc bolts \%,eremissing rrur? 1:ic ,~.l-~ii:-l~. r~:l~lll<'s. They v;err: originally :L linc pair of sta.r,d;'r-ci Cornis11 Pum~i11,qEl-\,qint!s rlevelo?cd l>y .Tames Watt, each llousecl in red. brick '~uilcLin~sclecorated \\.it3 red sarlclsto~iecornices. T1it.s~I>l~ildii~cs U-cl-e tall, al~nnstst;uarc in pl;+n, \:,it11 lo~vi~~opuri roofs. A ~oicOI-I Zur~~ishPumping El~gi1~c.s This type of vnqint: (S(.(: .s?cels?l: cur.si!;ter! of ;t ~iiigl~~vlir-der, \+L11 its piston-rad connected to one end 01 a bear, thc pump -rock Seirig att:t;herl to the other. It w3.s a single -acting ch~?xinr, st earn heiii,~ac1171ittc~1 10 tilr l~~~~~~r.~I;T~;-I.%:(: ui the piston, causing Iltr: r~iyirleto rcakz its in-stroke. AI. ecluilB)ril.>n~7:rtli-e Conference: Xvas then operrclcl, ancl steam passed to the lower side of the pis tor^; the pressure "The future of Industrial Archaeology'' lvas thc!i eti~~al011 l~otllsides. Thc u-eigllt of the pump-sods caused thc outxxrard strokc. i:omrruni.cation 3s next opened 5oti~~e~.ntln~lolvor sidc of thc pistan and A conference of this tttle was organised in November l968 by the Centre :he con:lei-.scr, 2 1-a;cLirn formrbd, and stcarn re-adrmittcd tu thc Tipper sidc of for the Study of the History of Technology at Bath and was attended by the tilt. l~istun. This cnginc was designed by Waft, and remailed in its origin21 writer. icrin ~llltilL~IC v~ry list engine oi its type was h~lilt. The valves werc opened The main business of the Conference was a discussion of the theme: n:ld clvsrd at r)le proper timi: by tappet rods, regulated l,y a cataract. A12' 'The Future of IndustridArchaeology". This theme was introducedby nclrnb<.r oi stroltcs pcr minute could Le obtainerl, altl:ougl? frcm tI1e massivcr.es5 Dr. R. A. Buchanam in his opening address to the Conference, and was of t11c ~aihini:ry,spcerl n7.uxt n~cp ssarily llsvc l,cc!l s10.~~::in addition a pause developed by the three main speakers on the Saturday morning, Dr. E. R.R. t! 2s niade br.t\r,een the ~ucccssivcstrokes, during ~vllichthe valves, or clacks, Green, Mr. W. K. V. Gale and STr David Follett. Each of these speakers 1x1rl tim~SI) close, th;ls P~LCi:1g ~II)~clxinie oi shock. It Xl,ns 2. large piece of made personal statements, but: they were also able to represent particular maihincr)-, \-cryespci7.sive to purchase, ancl also to work, but once in operation points of view on the subject under discussion. Thus Dr. Green spoke about it I t t,I l L!i ice-Iti ~r,rat-ing~apzcify the CBA and the universities, Mr. Gala put forward the point of view of the %Tv::-5 =~]~OSL~~dimit(>d. Newcomen Society, and Sir David Follett gave an account of museum policy towards industrial archaeology. There was a wide-ramging discussion of the views expressed by these speakers, and on the following morning Mr. L, T. C. Rolt had the task of drawing together the diverse strands of this discussion in his concluding address. h the course of doing so Mr. Rolt presented the case for the formation of a national organization to promote the interests and objectives of industrial archaeology. At the final session of the Canference a Resolution was formulated and passed unanimously. It read as follows:- This Conference resolves to elect a steering committee of six membcss, with power to co-opt further members, to: (a)discuss with the CBA and other iritercsted bodies the possibility of strengthening the industrial archaeological functions of the CBA, or: (b)consider the formation of a Council for British Industrial Archaeology to promotc the interests and objectives af industrial archaeology. and to refer back to the members of this Confcrence and to the societies represented here when they have done this. The Conference proceeded to elect the steering committee and the members electcd were: Dr. R. A. Buchanan, Mr. L. T. C. Rolt, Mr. J.K. Major, Mr. N. Cossons, Dr. P.N. Jarvis, and Professor Minchinton. Frank Atkinson . , #II Cornish beam pumping engine