Advanced Ecology 2020 South Australian Plant Book Native plant species for use in the Adelaide Hills, Plains and Coastal areas.
Emeallia Nitschke/a1627973 Claire Morford-Waite/a1694062 Rachel Stuppos/a1668727 South Australian Plant Book South Australian Regions Adelaide Coast - Emeallia Adelaide Coastal Region 04 Acacia pycnantha 06 Allocasuarina verticillata 08 Atriplex cinerea 10 As a guide to identifying the South Australian species that occur naturally within an area, there is a Banksia marginata 12 map that depicts the Botanical Regions of South Australia. Refer to the map on each page. Carpobrotus glaucescens 14 Dodonaea viscosa 16 Leucophyta brownii 18 Leucopogon parviflorus 20 Poa labillardieri 22 Sarcocornia blackiana 24 Coastal Planting Design Concepts 26 NW LE Adelaide Plains - Claire Adelaide Plains Region 32 Astroloma humifusum 34 Corymbia aparrerinja 36 NU FR GT Eremophila nivea 38 Eucalyptus leucoxylon 40 EA Ficinia nodosa 42 EP Maireana sedifolia 44 NL Myoporum parvifolium 46 Olearia ramulosa 48 MU YP Santalum acuminatum 50 Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata 52 Adelaide SL Plains Planting Design Concepts 54 NW North Western KI LE Lake Eyre SE NU Nullarbor Adelaide Hills - Rachel GT Gardner Torrens Adelaide Hills Region 60 FR Flinders Ranges EA Eastern Acacia pendula 62 EP Eyre Peninsula Acacia rigens 64 NL Northern Lofty Adenanthos sericeus 66 SL Southern Lofty Arthropodium strictum 68 MU Murray Calostemma purpureum 70 YP Yorke Peninsula Kennedia prostrata 72 SE South Eastern Lomandra effusa 74 KI Kangaroo Island Pimelea glauca 76 Pittosporum angustifolium 78 Westringia fruticosa 80 Hills Planting Design Concepts 82 References 88 2 3 South Australian Plant Book
Plants of the Adelaide Coastal Regions
The Adelaide Coast line boast spectular views and pristine beaches.
It is however, subject to harsh winds, salt spray and erosion leading to a need for plants that can handle these conditions and also support the environment through stabilisation and regeneration.
Maslins Beach, City of Onkaparinga source: Claire Morford-Waite 2020
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Acacia Pycnantha Golden Wattle
With vibrant yellow flowers the Golden Wattle is the floral emblem of Australia. The seeds from the wattle are used by indigenous people for a variety on consumable uses, it is also used by native fauna such as birds, bees and insects.
Genus Leguminosae Family Fabaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW Form Erect to spreading, Dense, Rounded Height x Width 4-6m x 2-6m Growth habits Evergreen Tree Aspect & Climate Full Sun Tolerates Drought, Lime, Moderate frost, Soil salinity Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, shade, Bush food Foliage Leaves are large, bright green lance-shaped Flower Golden Yellow globular fragrant flowers, blooms in Winter and Spring Fruit Hairless, elongated, brown pod, 12cmx7mm in size with black semi-flat ovoid seeds Cultivation & Maintenance Prune after flowering to keep tidy. In the first year best to feed in autumn and water through the first summer, once estab- lished it will tolerate dry conditions Propagation Propagation from seeds collected in the summer months produces best results yet prorogation through cuttings can also be achieved Acacia pycnantha Pest & Diseases At risk of powdery mildew and cankers caused by fungal Golden Wattle infections 6 7 South Australian Plant Book
Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak (Coastal)
The Drooping Sheoak can be either male or female with each plant varying in features such as flowers and spikes. The tree provides many piratical uses for Indigenous peoples, it also provides a vital food source for the Yellow-tailed Black- Cockatoo.
Genus Allocasuarina Family Casuarinaceae Plant origin SA Form Conical, Weeping Height x Width 5-8m x 4-6m Growth habits Evergreen, Medium Tree, Dioecious Aspect & Climate Full sun Tolerates drought, Heavy frost, Lime, Soil salinity Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Screen, Habitat, Bush food Foliage Pale-green Flower Yellow/red ball flowers blooming in Autumn and Winter by female trees Fruit Large woody cylindrical cone with numerous valves Cultivation & Maintenance Best to be left to develop naturally, clearing of dropped vege- tation not required but can be done in more formal situations for a cleaner appearance Propagation Propagated with seeds collected all year round Pest & Diseases Coccoids (Hemiptera) form distinctive galls, these are harmless and treatment is unnecessary
Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak (Coastal)
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Atriplex cinerea Coast Saltbush (Grey Saltbush)
The Coastal salt bush is a dioecious shrub with males and females often found in parallel rows with males closer to the water. When planted along roadsides the silver foliage increases visibility. The plant attracts native butterflies and is a good source of food for caterpillars.
Genus Atriplex Family Chenopodiaceace Plant origin SA Form Dense, Spreading Height x Width 1-2m x 2-3m Growth habits Medium Shrub, Evergreen, Dioecious Aspect & Climate Full sun, Part shade Tolerates drought, Fire, Soil salinity, Salt spray Soil requirements Texture - Loam, Sand pH: Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements No Supplementary Watering Design uses Ornamental, Erosion, Habitat Foliage Silvery or grey-green thick fleshy leaves with ovate to narrowly elliptic shape Flower Clusters blooming in Spring and Autumn, females bloom with a cream flower from the junction between the stem and leaf, males with a reddish colour from a long thick spike Fruit Greyish ovoid fruit, broadly tapered at the base Cultivation & Maintenance Pruning after flowering will promote growth Propagation Can be propagated with either seeds or cutting, best done in Autumn, Winter and early Spring.
Atriplex cinerea Coast Saltbush
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Banksia marginata Silver Banksia
The Silver Banksia is a hearty and versatile shrub used in a variety of landscaping situations. Traditionally the flowers spikes were used to make a sweet drink and making implements. Provides a good source of food and habitat for native birds.
Genus Banksia Family Proteaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, Tas Form Dense Height x Width 1-10m x 5m Growth habits Evergreen, Medium Tree Aspect & Climate Full sun, Part Shade Tolerates drought, Lime, Moderate frost, Soil salinity Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand pH: Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Shade, Bush food Foliage Long, leathery, dark green on top and pale underneath, prom- inent central vein Flower Yellow Cylindrical spike blooming in Spring and Autumn Cultivation & Maintenance Responds well to light pruning, heavy pruning can result in think growth at the expense of flowers Propagation Grown from seed, extracted from cones by placing in a warm area
Banksia marginata Silver Banksia
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Carpobrotus glaucescens Coastal Noonflower
A low, spreading ground cover, the Coastal Noonflower helps to stabilise sand dunes and fragile ground. Flowers and fruit attract birds and can be eaten by humans.
Genus Carpobrotus Family Aizoaceae Plant origin Qld, NSW Form Prostrate, Spreading Height x Width 0.1m x 2-3m Growth habits Perennial, Ground cover Aspect & Climate Full sun, Part Shade Tolerates drought, Fire, Salt spray Soil requirements Texture - Gravel, Sand pH: Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Habitat, Erosion, Fire retardant plant as per SA Country Fire Service Foliage Succulent stems and fleshy three angled leaves Flower Purple, open petalled flowers blooming all year round depending on conditions Fruit Once pollinated and spent the foliage swells and the fruiting body swells up and turns deep red Cultivation & Maintenance Requires little to no maintenance, can be trimmed for aesthet- ic purposes Propagation Grown successfully from seeds, cuttings, by layering or by division of large plants Pest & Diseases Mealy bug can be a problem if over watered or place with poor air circulation Carpobrotus glaucescens Coastal Noonflower
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Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop Bush
A fast growing ornamental foliage plant, suitable for parks, reserves and wider roadside plantings, effective wind-break in dry areas. Provides decorative colour when in bloom with flowers or fruiting.
Genus Dodonaea Family Sapindaceae Plant origin Qld, NSW, Vic, SA, Tas, Africa, America, Asia Form Erect to spreading, Dense Height x Width 1.5-4m x 1.5-3m Growth habits Evergreen, Large Shrub Aspect & Climate Full sun Tolerates drought, Lime, Moderate frost, Soil salinity Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Habitat, Ornamental, Wind Breaker Foliage Light green, shiny and slightly sticky linear spoon shaped leaves Flower Reddish brown inconspicuous, with no petals, flowering in spring and summer Fruit Reddish purple fruit with four 'wings', fruiting in spring Cultivation & Maintenance Prune annually to maintain a bushier appearance Propagation Propagation through winged capsules that contain hard black seeds Pest & Diseases Scale may be an issue due to the viscous leaves
Dodonaea viscosa Sticky Hop Bush
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Leucophyta brownii Cushion Bush
A dwarf shrub grown for its ornamental foliage which reflects light providing contrast against other vegetation. Provides shelter for small animals and useful for dune reclamation.
Genus Leucophyta Family Asteraceae Plant origin SA, Vic, Tas, WA Form Dense, Rounded Height x Width 0.4-1m x 0.5-1.5m Growth habits Low shrub Aspect & Climate Full sun, Part shade Tolerates drought, Lime, Moderate frost, Soil salinity, Salt spray Texture - Loam, Sand Soil requirements pH - Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements None Design uses Ornamental Foliage Pale gray-green, tiny pressed against stems which are white and often furry Flower Yellow globular blooming in spring and summer Fruit Brown, cypsela Cultivation & Maintenance Prune after flowering from a young age for density Propagation Grown from seed or cuttings Pest & Diseases Susceptible to grey mould
Leucopogon brownii Cushion Bush
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Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heath
A dense medium shrub which produces small edible lemon tasting berries traditionally eaten by indigenous people as well as providing food for birds, lizards, rats and ant eaters.
Genus Leucopogon Family Epacridaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Tas, New Zealand Form Bushy, Dense Height x Width 2-4m x 1-3m Growth habits Medium Shrub, Evergreen Aspect & Climate Full Sun Tolerates drought, Lime, Moderate frost, Soil salinity, Salt spray Texture - Sand Soil requirements pH - Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements None Design uses Bush food, Wind protection, Screen, Habitat, Erosion Foliage Elliptic to oblanceolate in shape, longitude veins visible on the underside of the leaf, finer branches are softly hairy Flower White densely clustered tubular flowers blooming in Spring and Autumn Fruit Translucent white fleshy round berries containing single seed Cultivation & Maintenance No maintenance required, can be trimmed of aesthetic purposes Propagation Commonly grown from seed but can also be grown from cut- tings
Leucopogon parviflorus Coast Beard-heath
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Poa labillardieri Common Tussock-grass
A clumping grass, the Common Tussock Grass is a food source for the larvae of several species of local butterfly, including Skippers, Xenicas and Browns.
Genus Poa Family Gramineae Plant origin SA Form Clumping Height x Width 0.5-1.3m x 0.3-0.7m Growth habits Grass Sedge or Flax, Evergreen Aspect & Climate Full sun, Part Shade Tolerates drought, Moderate frost Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand pH - Acidic, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Habitat, Erosion Foliage Greyish-green or blue-green flat to inrolled, hairless, slightly rough leaf blade Flower Green spikes blooming in spring and summer Fruit Grass seeds Cultivation & Maintenance Rejuvenate by shearing to just above ground level during late winter, early spring if required but not necessary Propagation Division and germinates readily from seed
Poa labillardieri Common Tussock-Grass
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Sarcocornia quinquefloraBeaded Glasswort
The Beaded Glasswort is a succulent like spreading ground cover, found in tidal and swampy areas. It is habitat for several species of migratory shorebirds, the endangered Orange-bellied Parrot and small mud crab. The flesh of the plant can be used to pickle or can be eaten but is salty in flavour.
Genus Sarcocornia Family Chenopodiaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, NT, TAS Form Dense, Spreading Height x Width 0.2-0.3m x 0.2-0.3m Growth habits Low Shrub, Evergreen Aspect & Climate Full sun Tolerates drought, Soil salinity Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand pH - Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Erosion Foliage Leafless with green to red succulent stems Flower Small yellow anthers found on stems Fruit Fruiting spikes are pithy in texture and the almost circular seeds are a little over 1 mm long Cultivation & Maintenance No maintenance required, edge an be trimmed of aesthetic purposes Propagation Grown from fresh seed
Sarcocornia quinqueflora Beaded Glasswort
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Plants of the Adelaide Coastal Regions
Planting Archetype 1: Linear/Way Finding
Tree Low groundcover blending with higher grass and small shurb creating tiered affect
Back row hedging Acacia pycnantha shrub Golden Wattle
Shrub Large tree to provide shade and impact
Rubble path with clear and defined boarder Leucophyta Leucopogon brownii parviflorus Cushion Bush Coast Beard-heath
Groundcover Grass scale 1:100
Formal planting guiding visitors with dense tiered vegetation guiding pedestrians along path. Carpobrotus glaucescens Poa labillardieri Coastal Noonflower Common Tussock Grass
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Plants of the Adelaide Coastal Regions
Planting Archetype 2: Habitat
Tree Raised boardwalk to minimise disturbance to plants and small insects and animals
Boarded edge grass to discourage pedestrian traffic through vegetation
Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle
Shrub
Feature shade tree, shelter for birds and Leucophyta Leucopogon marsupials brownii parviflorus Cushion Bush Coast Beard-heath Organic planting of vegetation which provide food and Groundcover Grass shelter for native animals scale 1:100
This garden provides a protected space with minimal human impact for native animals, birds and insects to find shelter and Carpobrotus glaucescens Poa labillardieri food. Coastal Noonflower Common Tussock Grass
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Plants of the Adelaide Coastal Regions
Planting Archetype 3: Screening
Tree Border hedge, grouped tightly together for screening
Smaller shrubs and grass as infill undertrees
Feature trees providing secondary screening Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle
Shrub
Raised boardwalk to minimise disturbance vegetation Leucophyta Leucopogon brownii parviflorus Cushion Bush Coast Beard-heath Groundcover flowing under boardwalk creating a cohesive Groundcover Grass design scale 1:100
A combination of formal and informal dense planting providing a physical barrier and screening Carpobrotus glaucescens Poa labillardieri Coastal Noonflower Common Tussock Grass
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Plants of the Adelaide Plains Regions
Situated between the Gulf St Vincent coast to the west and the Mount Lofty Ranges to the east, the Adelaide Plains covers a large area including Adelaide City and surrounds.
As the name suggests, the area is reasonably flat and receives less rainfall than much of the hills area.
The intermediary between the coast and the hills, the plains are home to a wide selection of native plants that can be found not only in the plains but also in surrounding areas.
Adelaide Plains, South Australia source: Adelaide Plains Council
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Astroloma humifusum Native Cranberry
A low, spreading ground cover, the Native Cranberry is a vital food source for honey eaters, and its sweet fruits are enjoyed by indigenous people around the country.
Genus Astroloma Family Epacridaceae Plant origin SA, NSW, WA, Tas Form Prostate, mat-forming Height x Width 0.1-0.5m x 0.5-1.5m Growth habits Evergreen, ground cover Aspect & Climate Full Sun, will tolerate drought and heavy frosts Soil requirements Grows in clay, and loam soils Water requirements Minimal watering required Design uses Habitat, ornamental, bush food Foliage Blue-green, spiky leaves Flower Red tubular shaped flowers in bloom Autumn and Winter Fruit Dark green to purple round fleshy fruit with pip Cultivation & Maintenance Prefers well-drained soil. Plants have a delicate root system and do not transplant well. Propagation Seed is small, brown and woody. Seed is best sown as soon as it is ripe. Pest & Diseases Susceptible to Phytophthora cinnamomi infestation
Astroloma humifusum Native Cranberry
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Corymbia aparrerinja Ghost Gum
An iconic specimen of the Australian landscape, the Ghost Gum is visually disarming and often depicted in watercolour paintings by Albert Namatjira.
Genus Corymbia Family Myrtaceae Plant origin SA, Qld, NT, WA Form Upright to spreading Height x Width 8-15m x 8-15m Growth habits Evergreen, tall tree with an open canopy Aspect & Climate Full Sun, will tolerate drought Soil requirements Grows in loam and sandy soils Water requirements Minimal watering required Design uses Ornamental Foliage Green leaves, with smooth, white powdery bark Flower White, cupped cylinder shaped flowers in bloom Spring and Summer Fruit Fruits in Autumn Cultivation & Maintenance Prune to maintain one main trunk, or alternatively allow multiple trunks to grow that are well spaced Propagation Seeds, round and brown 4-6mm long Pest & Diseases Susceptible to beetles, moths, sawflies, mites
Corymiba aparrerinja Ghost Gum
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Eremophila nivea Silky Eremophila
A good attractor for nectar eating birds and insects, the Silky Eremophila shrub produces a mass of purple flowers during Spring and Summer. It is also considered a fire retardant plant.
Genus Eremophila Family Myoporaceae Plant origin WA Form Erect, spreading Height x Width 0.5-2m x 0.3-1.5m Growth habits Evergreen, medium shrub Aspect & Climate Full Sun,will tolerate drought, fire and light frosts Soil requirements Grows in clay, loam and sandy soils Water requirements Minimal watering required Design uses Habitat, ornamental, edging, borders, verges, raised beds Foliage Soft, silver grey leaves Flower Purple, tubular shaped flowers, in bloom during Spring and Summer Fruit Egg shaped, around 6mm in length Culture & Maintenance The plant responds well to pruning. In humid areas, the plant may survive better in a pot Propagation Propagation from seed produces fickle results, grafting is the preferred method Pest & Diseases Subject to fungal disease in humid areas
Eremophila nivea Silky Eremophila 38 39 South Australian Plant Book
Eucalyptus leucoxylon spp. leucoxylon SA Blue Gum
The South Australian Blue Gum is welknown for providing nectar for delicious Blue Gum honey! These tall trees also provided wood used by Indigenous people to craft fighting sticks and shields.
Genus Eucalyptus Family Myrtaceae Plant origin SA Form Upright to spreading Height x Width 8-30m (h) 6-20m (w) Growth habits Evergreen, tall tree with an open canopy Aspect & Climate Full Sun, will tolerate drought, lime and moderate frosts Soil requirements Grows in clay, loam and sandy soils Water requirements Minimal watering required Design uses Habitat, ornamental, shade tree Foliage Grey-green leaves, with smooth light coloured bark Flower White, to pink to red, globlet shaped flowers in bloom Winter to Spring Fruit Fruits in groups of three on long individual stalks Propagation True flower colour does not result from planting from seed Pest & Diseases Susceptible to powdery mildrew, myrtle rust, Phytophthora cin- namomi, beetles, scale and psyllids
Eucalyptus leucoxylon spp. leucoxylon SA Blue Gum 40 41 South Australian Plant Book
Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-Rush
The Knobby Club-Rush is extremely hardy grass that works well both as a single feature plant or planted on-mass within a varied landscape. In coastal areas, this plant is a useful soil stabiliser.
Genus Ficinia Family Cyperaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, Tas Form Clumping Height x Width 0.5-1.5m x 0.6-2m Growth habits Evergreen, grass, sedge or flax Aspect & Climate Full Sun, part shade, will tolerate drought, lime, moderate frosts, soil salinity, salt spray Soil requirements Grows in gravel, loam and sandy soils Water requirements No additional watering required Design uses Habitat, ornamental, erosion, borders, verges Foliage Green cyclindical stems Flower Brown, globe shaped flowers present all year round Fruit Seeds contained in flower head Cultivation & Maintenance Responds well to pruning - cut low to rejuvenate Propagation Seed can be collected all year round. Tiny orange round seed, less than 1mm long Pest & Diseases No known pests
Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club Rush
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Maireana sedifolia Pearl Blue Bush
This striking plant offers a mass of soft grey foliage all year round. It is a hardy plant that grows happily in the plains and also tolerates coastal exposure.
Genus Maireana Family Chenopodiaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, Tas, NT Form Dense, rounded Height x Width 0.6-1.5m x 0.6-2m Growth habits Evergreen, medium shrub Aspect & Climate Full Sun, Part Shade, will tolerate drought, lime and moderate frosts Soil requirements Grows in loam and sandy soils Water requirements Minimal watering required Design uses Ornamental, hedge, screen Foliage Silver - grey, soft foliage Flower Yellow round shaped flower in bloom Spring and Winter Fruit Pinkish, pale brown Cultivation & Maintenance Prune to shape all year round Propagation Grows from seed Pest & Diseases No known pests
Maireana sedifolia Pearl Blue Bush
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Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla
This spreading, grovercover is ideal for surpressing weeds, and attracts butterflies and birds to the area. Great for bushfire prone areas, as it is fire retardant.
Genus Myoporum Family Myopraceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW Form Prostate, dense, spreading Height x Width 0.2-0.3m x 2-3m Growth habits Evergreen, groundcover Aspect & Climate Full Sun, will tolerate drought, lime , fire, soil salinity, salt spray and moderate frosts Soil requirements Grows in clay, loam and sandy soils Water requirements Minimal watering required Design uses Habitat, ornamental, erosion, streetscapes, verges Foliage Green narrow leaves Flower White, star shaped flowers in bloom Spring and Autumn Fruit Globular shaped fruits Cultivation & Maintenance Prune to maintain tidy appearance Propagation Easily propagated from cuttings Pest & Diseases No known pests
Myoporum parvifolium Creeping Boobialla 46 47 South Australian Plant Book
Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy Bush
The cheerful Twiggy Daisy Bush provides nectar for birds and insects, as well as offering protection for small animals.
Genus Olearia Family Asteraceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, Qld, Tas Form Upright to sprawling Height x Width 1-1.5m x 0.8-1m Growth habits Evergreen, medium shrub Aspect & Climate Full Sun, will tolerate drought and moderate frosts Soil requirements Grows in clay, loam and sandy soils Water requirements Moderate watering required Design uses Screen, habitat, ornamental, hedging Foliage Slim, green leaves Flower Blue, daisy shaped flowers, in bloom in Spring Fruit none Propagation Seed collection between Decemeber - January. It can also be grown from cuttings. Pest & Diseases No known pests or diseases
Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy Bush 48 49 South Australian Plant Book
Santalum acuminatum Quandong
Quandongs are recognised as a tasty bush food and characterised by their bright red fruits. These small trees are parasitic and grow more successfully off another plant.
Genus Santalum Family Santalaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, NT Form Erect, drooping branches Height x Width 4-5m x 2-4m Growth habits Evergreen, small tree Aspect & Climate Full Sun, will tolerate drought, lime, poor soils and moderate Soil requirements frosts Water requirements Grows in clay and loam soils Design uses Minimal watering required Foliage Ornamental, bush food Flower Grey-green leaves, with smooth light coloured bark Fruit Cream flowers in bloom Spring and Summer 2-5cm in diameter, the round red fruit changes from leathery to shiny as it ripens. Cultivation & Maintenance Tree growth is more successful with a host plant. Propagation In the wild Santalum spp. appear to prefer nitrogen fixing trees such as Acacia spp. or Casuarina spp. Pest & Diseases Quandong moth (Paraepermenia santaliella) along with other foliage eating caterpillars, sap-sucking insects and mites. The plant is also susceptible to water-logging and root rot.
Santalum acuminatum Seed pod 2mm wide Quandong
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Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata Grass Tree
Grass Trees are extremely slow growing and have the ability to tolerate and survive bushfires remarkably well. Not for the impatient, these shrubs take up to 10 years to flower!
Genus Xanthorrhoea Family Xanthorrhoeaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, Tas, ACT Form Upright to spreading Height x Width 3-5m x 1-1.5m Growth habits Evergreen, medium shrub Aspect & Climate Full Sun, will tolerate drought, fire and moderate frosts Soil requirements Grows in loam and sandy soils Water requirements Minimal watering required Design uses Habitat, ornamental, screen, hedge Foliage Green spear like foliage Flower Cream, spike shaped flowers in bloom Winter and Spring Fruit Large, hard, glossy seeds along the flowering spike Cultivation & Maintenance Dry, brown foliage skirt may be trimmed to reveal black trunk Propagation Seeds germinate easily. Root system development can take up to 2 years Pest & Diseases Susceptible to mildew, scale, mealybugs, rust, and slaters
Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata Grass Tree
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Plants of the Adelaide Plains Regions
Planting Archetype 1: Habitat/ Natural Setting
Tree Random planting of tall trees mimick natural dispersal
Small pockets of groundcover allowed to ramble
Corymbia aparrerinja Stone pathway provides Ghost gum interest and a journey of discovery through Shrub the space
Semi-clumped medium shrubs provide protective habitat for Xanthorrhoea Maireana sedifolia Olearia ramulosa small animals quadrangulata Pearl Blue Bush Twiggy Daisy Bush Grass Tree Dense shrub provides protection for lizards and small birds Groundcover scale 1:100
This habitat garden provides an informal space dedicated to shelter, food and protection for small native animals, birds and Astroloma humifusum insects. Native Cranberry
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Plants of the Adelaide Plains Regions
Planting Archetype 2: Entrance/Avenue
Tree Feature shrub wayfinding alternating either side of the path
Low groundcover blending with feature shrubs and denser hedging shrubs
Large towering tree providing shade and Corymbia aparrerinja visual impact Ghost gum
Shrub
Back row hedging shrub Xanthorrhoea Maireana sedifolia Olearia ramulosa Rubble path clear quadrangulata Pearl Blue Bush Twiggy Daisy Bush and direct, lined with Grass Tree feature shrubs.
Groundcover scale 1:100
A grand welcoming entrance, this space highlights the striking and varied native plants of the Adelaide Plains. Astroloma humifusum Native Cranberry
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Plants of the Adelaide Plains Regions
Planting Archetype 3: Parterre garden
Tree
Large, tree offering shade and focal point of the garden
Tidy rubble path around raised garden beds for circulation
Corymbia aparrerinja Ghost gum
Shrub Feature shrubs planted in individual raised garden beds providing visual interest
Xanthorrhoea Maireana sedifolia Olearia ramulosa Ground cover cascading quadrangulata Pearl Blue Bush Twiggy Daisy Bush over the garden bed Grass Tree
Groundcover scale 1:100
The parterre garden is a formal, highly maintained space for strolling and enjoying the beauty of the plants on display. Astroloma humifusum Native Cranberry
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Plants of the Adelaide Hills Regions
The Adelaide Hills covers a large area overlooking the Adelaide plains.
The climate of this area is varied. The Adelaide Hills are known to reach temperatures cool enough for snow in some months, while in others creating havoc with bushfires. Therefore, it is of no surprise that only about 15% of the original native vegetation of the Adelaide Hills remains and so it is important to ensure that endemic species are continued to be plants in the area.
Mount Lofty Botanic Gardens in Autumn source: My Open Garden
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Acacia pendula Weeping Myall
The Acacia pendula is highly ornamental with extremely attractive weeping foliage. The plant is bird and insect attracting.
Genus Acacia Family Fabaceae Plant origin Qld, Vic, NSW, SA Form Upright, Bushy, Pendulous branches Height x Width 6-10m x 6-8m Growth habits Evergreen, Medium Tree Aspect & Climate Full Sun; Tolerates Drought, Moderate frost, Soil salinity Soil requirements Well-drained soils; Texture - Clay, Loam; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Shade, Native bird and insect attracting Foliage Silver-grey, Weeping Flower Globular; Cream/Yellow; Autumn, Winter, Spring Fruit Fruits are a pod of variable length 1 to 3 inches long. Cultivation & Maintenance Has a tendency to sucker Propagation Seed, dip seeds in very hot water and let them stand overnight before sowing. Alternatively, mechanically scarify seeds by rubbing them against sand paper to remove the waterproof coat or acid scarify Pest & Diseases Numerous root rot pathogens infect plant if soil is excessively wet or poorly drained leading to sudden death.
Acacia pendula Weeping Myall
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Acacia rigens Nealie
The Acacia rigens is a great ornamental tree for smaller areas, and will act as a good contrasting plant against darker backgrounds.
Genus Acacia Family Fabaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, ACT, NT Form Round Height x Width 2-4m x 2-4m Growth habits Evergreen, Small Tree Aspect & Climate Full Sun, Part Shade; Tolerates Drought, Moderate frost Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental Foliage Silver-grey Flower Gold, Yellow, Globular, Winter, Spring Fruit Long, curved, brown pods to 7 cm long and 3 mm wide. Cultivation & Maintenance Suitable for areas of low maintenance. Propagation From scarified seed or boiling water treatment. Pest & Diseases No known pests
Acacia rigens Nealie
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Adenanthos sericeus Wolly Bush, Albany Woolly Bush
The Adenanthos sericeus is hardy foliage plant, yet highly ornamental. When grouped together the plant can be used as an informal hedge.
Genus Adenanthos Family Proteaceae Plant origin WA Form Upright to spreading Height x Width 2-5m x 2-4m Growth habits Evergreen, Large Shrub Aspect & Climate Full Sun, Part Shade; Tolerates Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Soil requirements Well-drained soils; Texture - Sand, Loam; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Habitat, Ornamental, Screen, Native bird and insect attracting, Erosion control, Fast growing Foliage Hardy, Dense foliage, Silver Flower Yellow, Red, Pink, Tubular, Spring, Autumn Fruit Dry, indehiscent nut or achene; Ellipsoid shape and is released when the bracts dry and spread out. Range in size. Propagation Method - Seed, Softwood cutting, Semi hardwood cutting, Layering; propagated from cuttings, due to the difficulty of collecting large quantities of seed Pest & Diseases Susceptible to the dieback disease Phytophthora cinnamomi
Adenanthos sericeus Woolly Bush, Albany Woolly bush
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Arthropodium strictum Chocolate Lily (Southern Lofty)
The flowers of the Arthopodium strictum are purple on slender, drooping stalks and have a scent of chocolate when crushed. The plant is a grass-like tufted perennial herb and an ideal ornamental feature.
Genus Arthropodium Family Lilliaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, Tas Form Clumping Height x Width 0.2-1m x 0.2-0.8m Growth habits Evergreen, Groundcover Aspect & Climate Full Sun, Part Shade; Tolerates Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Soil requirements Texture - Loam, Sand; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Habitat, Bush food, Attracts insects Foliage Narrow, flat, slightly channelled Flower Mauve; Open-petalled; Spring, Summer Fruit Round, 3-chambered capsule, to 7 mm wide, contains small, black seeds Propagation Will self sow Pest & Diseases No known pests Additional information Cultural use: Underground tubers were eaten by indigenous peoples
Arthropodium strictum Chocolate Lily (Southern Lofty)
68 69 South Australian Plant Book
Calostemma purpureum Pink Garland Lily
The Calostemma purpureum is an ornamental perennial herb for native landscapes, parks and reserves. The lily has strappy leaves and eye-catching red flowers.
Genus Calostemma Family Amaryllidaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW Form Clump forming Height x Width 0.3-0.6m x 0.1-0.1m Growth habits Evergreen, Groundcover Aspect & Climate Full Sun, Part Shade; Tolerates Lime, Moderate frost Soil requirements Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Habitat, Perennial herb Foliage Strappy Flower Red; Clusters; Autumn, Summer Fruit None Propagation Simple as the capsules often begin to shoot in storage before sowing Pest & Diseases No known pests Additional information Cultural use: Root bulbs cooked and eaten by indigenous peoples
Calostemma purpureum Pink Garland Lily
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Kennedia prostrata Running Postman
The Kennedia prostrata is an ornamental creeper suitable for open landscapes and embankments. The plant is bitterfly attracting and a food source for caterpillars.
Genus Kennedia Family Fabaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Tas Form Prostrate, Creeping Height x Width 0-0.1m x 1-4m Growth habits Evergreen, Groundcover Aspect & Climate Full Sun Tolerates Drought, Fire, Lime, Moderate frost Soil requirements Well-drained soils Adaptable to most soils Texture - Sand, Loam, Clay pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, embankment, Insect attracting, Caterpillar food source Foliage Vine, creeper Flower Red, Pea type Fruit Brown cylindrical pod to 50 mm long and 8 mm wide, covered in hairs. Cultivation & Maintenance Can die back to woody rootstock and reshoot when times are favourable Propagation Easy from seed following pre-treatment to break the physical dormancy provided by the impervious seed coat
Pest & Diseases May be attacked by glasshouse red spider mite and glasshouse Kennedia prostrata whitefly under glass Running Postman
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Lomandra effusa Scented Mat Rush
The flowers of the Lomandra effusa are fragrant and are a food source for butterflies and larvae. The plant also acts as a refuge for small mammals and reptiles.
Genus Lomandra Family Liliaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA Form Clumping Height x Width 0.3-0.3m x 0.3-0.3m Growth habits Evergreen, Grass Sedge or Flax Aspect & Climate Full Sun; Tolerates Drought, Lime, Moderate frost Soil requirements Free-draining soils; Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Habitat, Ornamental, Erosion, Soil stabilisation, Food source for insects and birds, Habitat refuge Foliage Blue-grey Flower Cream; Panicles; Winter, Spring Fruit Brown ovoid capsule to 9 mm long, with valves striate lengthwise. Cultivation & Maintenance Suitable for areas of low maintenance Propagation From seed or by division of clumps Pest & Diseases No known pests
Lomandra effusa Scented Mat Rush
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Pimelea glauca Smooth Riceflower
The Pimelea gluca is a low shrubbed perennial herb. The plant has beautiful tubular white and cream flowers, however, may be an issue around grazing stock due to risk of posioning.
Genus Pimelea Family Thymelaeaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, Qld, Tas Form Upright, Spreading, Open Height x Width 0.2-1m x 0.3-1.5m Growth habits Evergreen, Low Shrub Aspect & Climate Full Sun, Part Shade Tolerates Drought, Lime, Heavy frost Soil requirements Texture - Loam, Rock, Sand pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Habitat, Insect attracting Foliage Distinctive, blue/green Flower White/Cream; Tubular; Summer, Winter Fruit 4 mm long, green, dry, nut-like Cultivation & Maintenance Responds well to heavy pruning Propagation From cuttings, use barely firm young growth without stripping back the young bark Pest & Diseases Resistant to Phytophthora cinnamomi; Avoid grazing stock where this plant is abundant because of the risk of poisoning
Pimelea glauca Smooth Riceflower
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Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot, Weeping Pittosporum
The Pittosporum angustifolium is a versatile plant which can be used for shade, aesthetics, and screening when grouped together. The plant is also insect attracting.
Genus Pittosporum Family Pittosporaceae Plant origin SA, Vic, NSW, WA, Qld, NT Form Dense, Spreading to weeping Height x Width 6-10m x 1.5-5m Growth habits Evergreen, Small Tree Aspect & Climate Full Sun; Tolerates Drought, Fire, Lime, Moderate frost Soil requirements Texture - clay, loam, sand; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary watering Design uses Ornamental, Shade, Screen (in groups), Insect attracting Foliage Weeping, Leaves are 10cm long Flower Yellow, Star type, Spring, Winter Flower Fruit Marble-sized, orange berries which split to eject the seeds covered in a bright red, sticky gel - Not edible Cultivation & Maintenance Has a tendency to sucker Propagation Seeds are covered in a sticky resinous material which inhibits germination, must be cleaned off with soapy water and the seeds soaked in room temperature water several times to clean off and leach residual resin Pest & Diseases Seedlings prone to damping off Additional information Cultural use: leaves and branches were boiled and used
for medicinal purpose including a treatment for colds by Pittosporum angustifolium Indigenous peoples Native Apricot, Weeping Pittosporum
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Westringia fruticosa Coastal Rosemary, Native Rosemary
The Westringia fruticosa is a hardy foliage plant which when planted in groups can create an informal hedge. The plant is bird and insect attracting and well as being a bird habitat.
Genus Westringia Family Lamiaceae Plant origin NSW Form Dense, Spreading Height x Width 1-2m x 1-4m Growth habits Evergreen, Medium Shrub Aspect & Climate Full Sun, Part Shade; Tolerates Drought, Lime, Moderate frost, Soil salinity, Salt spray, Coast Soil requirements Well-drained soils; Texture - Clay, Loam, Sand; pH - Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral Water requirements Minimal supplementary water Design uses Wind protection, Ornamental, Habitat, Screen, Hedge, Bird and insect attracting Foliage Hardy, dense Flower White, Purple; Open-petalled; Scented; Spring, Summer, Winter Fruit Dry, segmented fruit Cultivation & Maintenance Responds to heavy pruning Propagation Cuttings Pest & Diseases No known pests
Westringia fruticosa Coastal Rosemary, Native Rosemary
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Plants of the Adelaide Hills Regions
Planting Archetype 1: Screening
Border/edge trees Tree groups tightly together for screening
Second layer of screening, cut as a hedge Feature screening planting - heights of Pittosporum angustifolium plants going from tall Native Apricot to small
Shrub
Groundcovers and low shrubs blending to the edge Adenanthos Westringia fruticosa Pimelea glauca sericeus Coastal Rosemary Smooth Riceflower Woolly Bush
Groundcover scale 1:100
This garden provides a formal screening space with structured and featured planting types, with a decent from tall to small. Arthropodium strictum Chocolate Lily
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Plants of the Adelaide Hills Regions
Planting Archetype 2: Habitat/Insect and Bird Soft edges/less structure Attracting
Tree
Mass planting - large spread of low shrubs to attract butterflies
Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot Random planting of native trees to imitate Shrub natural landscape
Organic ‘wild’ planting provides protection for Adenanthos Westringia fruticosa Pimelea glauca lizards and small birds sericeus Coastal Rosemary Smooth Riceflower Woolly Bush
Groundcover Groundcovers left to grow in natural state scale 1:100
This habitat garden provides an informal space dedicated to shelter, food and protection for small native animals, birds and Arthropodium strictum insects. Chocolate Lily
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Plants of the Adelaide Hills Regions
Planting Archetype 2: Linear Large tree to provide shade and impact
Tree
Planting offset to create wayfinding device and meandering pathway
2nd row taller to create layering effect
Pittosporum angustifolium Native Apricot
Shrub Asymetrical design and layout
Adenanthos Westringia fruticosa Pimelea glauca sericeus Coastal Rosemary Smooth Riceflower Feature planting to Woolly Bush create avenue
Groundcover scale 1:100
This garden provides an interesting wayfinding element through meandering pathways with structured planting. Arthropodium strictum Chocolate Lily
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References
Page 4: Coastal Region Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria n.d., Banksia marginata, environment.sa.gov.au/SeedsOfSA/speciesinformation. Image - Morford-Waite, C, 2020, Maslins Beach, Tree Project Inc. n.d., Allocasuarina verticillata, VicFlora, viewed 17 April 2020, html?rid=1516> South Australia, provided by author. Tree Project, viewed 17 April 2020, 88 89 South Australian Plant Book References agriculture.vic.gov.au/dpi/vro/vrosite.nsf/pages/sip_tus- 2020, 90 91 South Australian Plant Book References itage of the Adelaide Plains to your garden, Wakefield acacia-pendula.html>. Page 66: Adenanthos sericeus Selector, viewed 23 April 2020, Page 52: Xanthorrhoea quadrangulata State Flora Catalogue 2013, State Flora Catalogue, Gov- Image – Marley, J 2020, Adenanthos Sericeus, Pinterest, Ole Lantana’s Seed Store 2018, Kennedia prostrata – Bagust, Phil and Lynda Tout-Smith 2010, The Native ernment of South Australia, Adelaide. viewed 23 April 2020, 92 93 South Australian Plant Book References Seeds of South Australia 2020, Lomandra effuse (Lilia- Tree Project 2020, Pittosporum angustifolium, Tree Proj- ceae), Seeds of South Australia, viewed 23 April 2020, ect, viewed 23 April 2020, Ole Lantana’s Seed Store 2018, Pittosporum angusti- folium syn phillyraeoides – Gumby Gumby or Weeping Pittosporum seeds x 20, Ole Lantana’s Seed Store, viewed 23 April 2020, State Flora Catalogue 2013, State Flora Catalogue, Gov- ernment of South Australia, Adelaide. 94 95