DOCSLIB.ORG

Vegetation Mapping at Cape Lookout National Seashore

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vegetation Mapping at Cape Lookout National Seashore National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Vegetation Mapping at Cape Lookout National Seashore Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2017/1561 ON THE COVER The Cape Lookout Lighthouse. Photograph by Rachel McManamay Vegetation Mapping at Cape Lookout National Seashore Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2017/1561 Rachel H. McManamay National Park Service Southeast Coast Inventory & Monitoring Network 135 Phoenix Road Athens, GA 30605 December 2017 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service. The series supports the advancement of science, informed decision-making, and the achievement of the National Park Service mission. The series also provides a forum for presenting more lengthy results that may not be accepted by publications with page limitations. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer-reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available in digital format from the Southeast Coast Network website and the Natural Resource Publications Management website. To receive this report in a format optimized for screen readers, please email [email protected]. Please cite this publication as: McManamay, R. H. 2017. Vegetation mapping at Cape Lookout National Seashore. Natural Resource Report NPS/SECN/NRR—2017/1561. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 963/141296, December 2017 ii Contents Page Figures .................................................................................................................................................... v Tables ................................................................................................................................................... vii Appendices ............................................................................................................................................ ix Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. xi Acknowledgments ...............................................................................................................................xiii Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Cape Lookout National Seashore Vegetation Mapping Project ..................................................... 1 The Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program ................................................................................. 1 Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program Standards ....................................................................... 1 National Vegetation Classification Standard .................................................................................. 2 Federal Geographic Data Committee Standards ............................................................................ 3 Methods .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Study Area ...................................................................................................................................... 5 Location ..................................................................................................................................... 5 History ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Vegetation ................................................................................................................................. 6 Climate and Weather ............................................................................................................... 10 Storm Events During Vegetation Mapping ............................................................................. 11 Identifying the Effects of Hurricane Irene on the Vegetation Map Layer at Cape Lookout ................................................................................................................................... 15 Project Scoping and Planning ....................................................................................................... 16 Project Boundary Extent .......................................................................................................... 16 Field Survey ................................................................................................................................. 16 Location and Plot Identifiers ................................................................................................... 17 Environmental Description ...................................................................................................... 17 Vegetation Description ............................................................................................................ 18 iii Contents (continued) Page Other Ancillary Information Useful to Classification ............................................................. 18 Vegetation Classification .............................................................................................................. 18 Final Map Classifications ........................................................................................................ 19 Digital Imagery and Interpretation ............................................................................................... 20 Aerial Photography Acquisition and Processing ..................................................................... 20 Preliminary Photo-Interpretation ............................................................................................. 21 Field Reconnaissance .............................................................................................................. 22 Photo-Interpretation and Polygon Attribution ......................................................................... 22 Field Verification..................................................................................................................... 23 Accuracy Assessment ................................................................................................................... 23 Sampling Design ..................................................................................................................... 24 Field Data Collection ............................................................................................................... 26 Data Analysis .......................................................................................................................... 26 Results .................................................................................................................................................. 29 Vegetation Classification .............................................................................................................. 29 Digital Imagery and Interpretation ............................................................................................... 29 Vegetation Map ............................................................................................................................ 30 Map Layer Presentation ........................................................................................................... 32 Accuracy Assessment ................................................................................................................... 33 Users’ Accuracy (Errors of Commission) ............................................................................... 33 Producers’ Accuracy (Errors of Omission) ............................................................................. 34 Literature Cited .................................................................................................................................... 37 iv Figures Page Figure 1. Location of Cape Lookout National Seashore in southeastern North Carolina (bottom left inset map courtesy of NPS.gov). .......................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Revised February 24, 2017 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org C ur Alleghany rit Ashe Northampton Gates C uc Surry am k Stokes P d Rockingham Caswell Person Vance Warren a e P s n Hertford e qu Chowan r Granville q ot ui a Mountains Watauga Halifax m nk an Wilkes Yadkin s Mitchell Avery Forsyth Orange Guilford Franklin Bertie Alamance Durham Nash Yancey Alexander Madison Caldwell Davie Edgecombe Washington Tyrrell Iredell Martin Dare Burke Davidson Wake McDowell Randolph Chatham Wilson Buncombe Catawba Rowan Beaufort Haywood Pitt Swain Hyde Lee Lincoln Greene Rutherford Johnston Graham Henderson Jackson Cabarrus Montgomery Harnett Cleveland Wayne Polk Gaston Stanly Cherokee Macon Transylvania Lenoir Mecklenburg Moore Clay Pamlico Hoke Union d Cumberland Jones Anson on Sampson hm Duplin ic Craven Piedmont R nd tla Onslow Carteret co S Robeson Bladen Pender Sandhills Columbus New Hanover Tidewater Coastal Plain Brunswick THE COUNTIES AND PHYSIOGRAPHIC PROVINCES OF NORTH CAROLINA Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2016 Compiled by Laura Gadd Robinson, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program N.C. Department of Natural and Cultural Resources Raleigh, NC 27699-1651 www.ncnhp.org This list is dynamic and is revised frequently as new data become available. New species are added to the list, and others are dropped from the list as appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • State of New York City's Plants 2018
    STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 Daniel Atha & Brian Boom © 2018 The New York Botanical Garden All rights reserved ISBN 978-0-89327-955-4 Center for Conservation Strategy The New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10458 All photos NYBG staff Citation: Atha, D. and B. Boom. 2018. State of New York City’s Plants 2018. Center for Conservation Strategy. The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY. 132 pp. STATE OF NEW YORK CITY’S PLANTS 2018 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 INTRODUCTION 10 DOCUMENTING THE CITY’S PLANTS 10 The Flora of New York City 11 Rare Species 14 Focus on Specific Area 16 Botanical Spectacle: Summer Snow 18 CITIZEN SCIENCE 20 THREATS TO THE CITY’S PLANTS 24 NEW YORK STATE PROHIBITED AND REGULATED INVASIVE SPECIES FOUND IN NEW YORK CITY 26 LOOKING AHEAD 27 CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEGMENTS 30 LITERATURE CITED 31 APPENDIX Checklist of the Spontaneous Vascular Plants of New York City 32 Ferns and Fern Allies 35 Gymnosperms 36 Nymphaeales and Magnoliids 37 Monocots 67 Dicots 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report, State of New York City’s Plants 2018, is the first rankings of rare, threatened, endangered, and extinct species of what is envisioned by the Center for Conservation Strategy known from New York City, and based on this compilation of The New York Botanical Garden as annual updates thirteen percent of the City’s flora is imperiled or extinct in New summarizing the status of the spontaneous plant species of the York City. five boroughs of New York City. This year’s report deals with the City’s vascular plants (ferns and fern allies, gymnosperms, We have begun the process of assessing conservation status and flowering plants), but in the future it is planned to phase in at the local level for all species.
    [Show full text]
  • H. F. Gutiérrez Y O. Morrone - Novedades Nomenclaturalesissn En 0373-580Cenchrus X Bol
    Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (1-2) 2012 H. F. Gutiérrez y O. Morrone - Novedades nomenclaturalesISSN en 0373-580Cenchrus X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 47 (1-2): 263-269. 2012 NOVEDADES NOMENCLATURALES EN CENCHRUS S.L. (POACEAE: PANICOIDEAE: PANICEAE) HUGO F. GUTIÉRREZ1 y OSVALDO MORRONE† Summary: Nomenclatural novelties in Cenchrus s.l. (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae). Recent phylogenetic studies with morphological and molecular data provided evidence on the monophyly of the genera Cenchrus, Pennisetum and Odontelytrum. Therefore, these studies propose the unification and transfer of species of Pennisetum and Odontelytrum to the genus Cenchrus, which has priority. Nomenclatural problems were detected when conducting a preliminary taxonomic revision of the genus Cenchrus s.l. from America (Gutiérrez, in preparation). To resolve these inconveniences, nine lectotypifications: Cenchrus bambusoides Caro & E.A. Sánchez, C. brevisetus E. Fourn., C. pennisetiformis Hochst. & Steud. var. intermedia Chiov., C. roseus E. Fourn., Gymnotrix mexicana E. Fourn., Hymenachne montana Griseb., Pennisetum amoenum Hochst. ex A. Rich., P. cenchroides Rich. var. hamphilahense Terracc., P. ciliare (L.) Link var. anachoreticum Chiov., P. petraeum Steud., P. pringlei Leeke, P. tristachyum (Kunth) Spreng. subsp. boliviense Chase and a new name for Gymnotrix crinita Kunth are here proposed. Key words: Cenchrus, Pennisetum, Poaceae, Paniceae, taxonomy. Resumen: Recientes estudios filogenéticos con datos morfológicos y moleculares aportaron evidencia sobre la monofilia de los géneros Cenchrus, Pennisetum y Odontelytrum y, por ello, se propuso su unificación y transferencia a Cenchrus, el cual tiene prioridad. Resultados preliminares de la revisión taxonómica del género Cenchrus s.l. para América (Gutiérrez, en preparación) permitieron detectar problemas nomenclaturales. Para resolver dichos inconvenientes, en el presente trabajo se presentan nueve lectotipificaciones: Cenchrus bambusoides Caro & E.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012
    Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 Natural Heritage Program List of Rare Plant Species of North Carolina 2012 Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist John T. Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs N.C. Department of Environment and Natural Resources 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM LIST OF THE RARE PLANTS OF NORTH CAROLINA 2012 Edition Edited by Laura E. Gadd, Botanist and John Finnegan, Information Systems Manager North Carolina Natural Heritage Program, Office of Conservation, Planning, and Community Affairs Department of Environment and Natural Resources, 1601 MSC, Raleigh, NC 27699-1601 www.ncnhp.org Table of Contents LIST FORMAT ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3 NORTH CAROLINA RARE PLANT LIST ......................................................................................................................... 10 NORTH CAROLINA PLANT WATCH LIST ..................................................................................................................... 71 Watch Category
    [Show full text]
  • Acanthaceae of Bolivia
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 49: 1-152 Acanthaceae of Bolivia by Dieter C. Wasshausen and J. R. I. Wood Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2004 ABSTRACT Wasshausen, Dieter C., and J. R. I. Wood. Acanthaceae of Bolivia. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 49: 152 pages (including 42 figures).—Recent fieldwork in Bolivia has resulted in the recognition of 180 species in 36 genera of Acanthaceae. The purpose of this taxonomic treatment is to discuss, in alphabetical order, all the known Bolivian species of the family, and as such, this work is a ready reference for botanists, so that they may identify their collections of acanthaceous plants or use the keys for detecting further undescribed species. Except for brief discussions to indicate possible relationships of the novelties to allied species, no phylogenetic inferences within the family have been made. A full list of synonyms for the Bolivian species and those of adjoining countries has been prepared. Keys, species descriptions, and specimen distribution data is provided. When available, illustrations, ecological and conservation data have been included. Two new species of Dicliptera, D. palmariensis and D. purpurascens are described and illustrated, and Lepidagathis alverezia is a new combination. The following 26 names are lectotypified: Ancylogyne peruviana, Aphelandra albadenia, Aphelandra simplex, Arrhostoxylum haenkeanum, Beloperone denudata, Beloperone matthewsii, Beleperone nodicaulis, Chaetochlamys ciliata, Chaetochlamys macrosiphon, Chaetothylax boliviensis, Chaetothylax tocantinus, Dicliptera pohliana, Dicliptera seriacea, Dicliptera squarrosa, Geissomeria tetragona, Justicia diamantina, Justicia dubiosa, Justicia yurimaguensis, Leptostachya parviflora, Mendoncia meyeniana, Orthotactus strobilacea, Pachystachys lutea, Porphyrocoma lanceolata, Ruellia glischrocalyx, Ruellia haenkeana, and Stephanophysum ruizianum.
    [Show full text]
  • Lyonia Preserve Plant Checklist
    Lyonia Preserve Plant Checklist Volusia County, Florida Aceraceae (Maple) Asteraceae (Aster) Red Maple Acer rubrum Bitterweed Helenium amarum Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum Agavaceae (Yucca) Blazing Star Liatris sp. Adam's Needle Yucca filamentosa Blazing Star Liatris tenuifolia Nolina Nolina brittoniana Camphorweed Heterotheca subaxillaris Spanish Bayonet Yucca aloifolia Cudweed Gnaphalium falcatum Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Amaranthaceae (Amaranth) Dwarf Horseweed Conyza candensis Cottonweed Froelichia floridana False Dandelion Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Fireweed Erechtites hieracifolia Anacardiaceae (Cashew) Garberia Garberia heterophylla Winged Sumac Rhus copallina Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Goldenrod Solidago chapmanii Annonaceae (Custard Apple) Goldenrod Solidago fistulosa Flag Paw paw Asimina obovata Goldenrod Solidago spp. Mohr's Throughwort Eupatorium mohrii Apiaceae (Celery) Ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Spanish Needles Bidens alba Apocynaceae (Dogbane) Wild Lettuce Lactuca graminifolia Periwinkle Catharathus roseus Brassicaceae (Mustard) Aquifoliaceae (Holly) Poorman's Pepper Lepidium virginicum Gallberry Ilex glabra Sand Holly Ilex ambigua Bromeliaceae (Airplant) Scrub Holly Ilex opaca var. arenicola Ball Moss Tillandsia recurvata Spanish Moss Tillandsia usneoides Arecaceae (Palm) Saw Palmetto Serenoa repens Cactaceae (Cactus) Scrub Palmetto Sabal etonia Prickly Pear Opuntia humifusa Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed) Caesalpinceae Butterfly Weed Asclepias
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL REPORT PSRA Vegetation Monitoring 2005-2006 PC P502173
    Rare Plants and Their Locations at Picayune Strand Restoration Area: Task 4a FINAL REPORT PSRA Vegetation Monitoring 2005-2006 PC P502173 Steven W. Woodmansee and Michael J. Barry [email protected] December 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to Mike Duever, Ph.D. Senior Environmental Scientist South Florida Water Management District Fort Myers Service Center 2301 McGregor Blvd. Fort Myers, Florida 33901 Table of Contents Introduction 03 Methods 03 Results and Discussion 05 Acknowledgements 38 Citations 39 Tables: Table 1: Rare plants recorded in the vicinity of the Vegetation Monitoring Transects 05 Table 2: The Vascular Plants of Picayune Strand State Forest 24 Figures: Figure 1: Picayune Strand Restoration Area 04 Figure 2: PSRA Rare Plants: Florida Panther NWR East 13 Figure 3: PSRA Rare Plants: Florida Panther NWR West 14 Figure 4: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Northeast 15 Figure 5: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Northwest 16 Figure 6: PSRA Rare Plants: FSPSP West 17 Figure 7: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Southeast 18 Figure 8: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Southwest 19 Figure 9: PSRA Rare Plants: FSPSP East 20 Figure 10: PSRA Rare Plants: TTINWR 21 Cover Photo: Bulbous adder’s tongue (Ophioglossum crotalophoroides), a species newly recorded for Collier County, and ranked as Critically Imperiled in South Florida by The Institute for Regional Conservation taken by the primary author. 2 Introduction The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) plans on restoring the hydrology at Picayune Strand Restoration Area (PSRA) see Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Carex of New England
    Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley A Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club About the Author: Lisa A. Standley is an environmental consultant. She obtained a B.S, and M.S. from Cornell University and Ph.D. from the University of Washington. She has published several articles on the systematics of Carex, particularly Section Phacocystis, and was the author of several section treatments in the Flora of North America. Cover Illustrations: Pictured are Carex pensylvanica and Carex intumescens. Field Guide to Carex of New England Lisa A. Standley Special Publication of the New England Botanical Club Copyright © 2011 Lisa A. Standley Acknowledgements This book is dedicated to Robert Reed, who first urged me to write a user-friendly guide to Carex; to the memory of Melinda F. Denton, my mentor and inspiration; and to Tony Reznicek, for always sharing his expertise. I would like to thank all of the people who helped with this book in so many ways, particularly Karen Searcy and Robert Bertin for their careful editing; Paul Somers, Bruce Sorrie, Alice Schori, Pam Weatherbee, and others who helped search for sedges; Arthur Gilman, Melissa Dow Cullina, and Patricia Swain, who carefully read early drafts of the book; and to Emily Wood, Karen Searcy, and Ray Angelo, who provided access to the herbaria at Harvard University, the University of Massachusetts, and the New England Botanical Club. CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • VH Flora Complete Rev 18-19
    Flora of Vinalhaven Island, Maine Macrolichens, Liverworts, Mosses and Vascular Plants Javier Peñalosa Version 1.4 Spring 2019 1. General introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 2. The Setting: Landscape, Geology, Soils and Climate ----------------------------------2.1 3. Vegetation of Vinalhaven Vegetation: classification or description? --------------------------------------------------3.1 The trees and shrubs --------------------------------------------------------------------------3.1 The Forest --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.3 Upland spruce-fir forest -----------------------------------------------------------------3.3 Deciduous woodlands -------------------------------------------------------------------3.6 Pitch pine woodland ---------------------------------------------------------------------3.6 The shore ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.7 Rocky headlands and beaches ----------------------------------------------------------3.7 Salt marshes -------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.8 Shrub-dominated shoreline communities --------------------------------------------3.10 Freshwater wetlands -------------------------------------------------------------------------3.11 Streams -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.11 Ponds -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3.11
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary List of the Vascular Plants and Wildlife at the Village Of
    A Floristic Evaluation of the Natural Plant Communities and Grounds Occurring at The Key West Botanical Garden, Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida Steven W. Woodmansee [email protected] January 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to CarolAnn Sharkey Key West Botanical Garden 5210 College Road Key West, Florida 33040 and Kate Marks Heritage Preservation 1012 14th Street, NW, Suite 1200 Washington DC 20005 Introduction The Key West Botanical Garden (KWBG) is located at 5210 College Road on Stock Island, Monroe County, Florida. It is a 7.5 acre conservation area, owned by the City of Key West. The KWBG requested that The Institute for Regional Conservation (IRC) conduct a floristic evaluation of its natural areas and grounds and to provide recommendations. Study Design On August 9-10, 2005 an inventory of all vascular plants was conducted at the KWBG. All areas of the KWBG were visited, including the newly acquired property to the south. Special attention was paid toward the remnant natural habitats. A preliminary plant list was established. Plant taxonomy generally follows Wunderlin (1998) and Bailey et al. (1976). Results Five distinct habitats were recorded for the KWBG. Two of which are human altered and are artificial being classified as developed upland and modified wetland. In addition, three natural habitats are found at the KWBG. They are coastal berm (here termed buttonwood hammock), rockland hammock, and tidal swamp habitats. Developed and Modified Habitats Garden and Developed Upland Areas The developed upland portions include the maintained garden areas as well as the cleared parking areas, building edges, and paths.
    [Show full text]
  • 27 Skunk Vine
    27 SKUNK VINE R. W. Pemberton and P. D. Pratt U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA tion of livestock, however, are unknown (Gann and PEST STATUS OF WEED Gordon, 1998). In urban landscapes, this vine en- Skunk vine, Paederia foetida L. (Fig. 1), is a recently twines branches of woody ornamental plants and also recognized weedy vine of natural areas in Florida that spreads horizontally through lawns, rooting at the is spreading into other parts of the southern United nodes (Martin, 1995). In westcentral Florida, P. States. The weed, which is native to Asia, appears to foetida is considered the most troublesome weed have the potential to spread well beyond the South along roadside right-of-ways (W. Moriaty, pers. to the northeastern states. Control of the plant by comm.), and it also entangles power lines and associ- chemical or mechanical means damages valued veg- ated structures (Martin, 1995). etation supporting the vine. Skunk vine is a Category On the island of Hawaii, P. foetida is a very se- I Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council weed (Langeland rious weed in nurseries producing ornamental foli- and Craddock Burks, 1998), a listing that groups the age plants (Pemberton, pers. obs.). The weed infests plant with the most invasive weed species in Florida. field plantings used for propagation. Control of the weed is very difficult because stock plants are easily injured if herbicides are applied. At times, growers have had to abandon or destroy stock plants that have become overgrown by skunk vine.
    [Show full text]