Johanneberg District Factor 10 Booklet.Pdf

Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Henrik Saxborn Castellum AB, CEO

As the largest listed real estate company in Sweden we

see a clear business case for our new development in Johanneberg in 2015. The Climate-KIC flagship can provide knowledge about how we can place the right demands in procurement and where better to demonstrate this than in the Johanneberg district where the city, business and academics will strive to achieve Factor 10.

The Climate-KIC initiative on smart sustainable districts is fully in line with our vision and strategies for reaching a sustainable Gothenburg. On a European level we have been a key player in the EU Smart Cities Initiative and this has helped us align our efforts towards sustainability and a holistic approach in areas such as; energy systems, transport and housing but also social aspects.

The Johanneberg district in Gothenburg clusters a mixed use area where action has and is being taken to go beyond what is normally done in district planning and activities. Further, the district clusters business and academia to provide world class knowledge into action. We have and want to continue to challenge our Johanneberg district to provide an exhibition of what can be done towards Factor 10.

The document demonstrates a breadth of action and integration, with collaboration across disciplines and organisations; this is the transformational approach we consider necessary to exhibit Factor 10. I firmly believe that our far-reaching vision and high level of aspiration makes the Johanneberg district an outstanding candidate to become one of the four districts selected for the Climate-KIC flagship – Smart Sustainable Districts.

Anneli Hulthén Mayor of Gothenburg

Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Karin Markides Chalmers University of Technology, President

Chalmers as a technical university has an important

role in educating professional engineers for industry and society. However, we can do much better – we can create a new generation of engineers who understand the interplay between society, industry and new knowledge, who understand and can provide the innovations and solutions for the greater challenges we face globally. The Climate-KIC smart sustainable districts flagship challenges us to bring together our expertise in defined districts as an exhibition. The

possibility to reach factor 10 has emerged in our discussions and efforts for the Johanneberg district and I consider that this provides the template for educating a new generation of engineers who will shape the cities of the future.

As a leading Swedish consultancy company we strive to provide business and services towards sustainability for the built environment. The combination of knowledge and innovation within the Johanneberg district, with the far-reaching challenge of Factor 10, will provide us with a unique example to develop a business model for smart sustainable districts.

Ulrika Franke Tyréns AB, CEO

Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Table of contents

page 01 Introduction

page 02 Achieving Factor 10

page 03 The Smart Sustainable District Flagship and Johanneberg

page 05 Mistra Urban Futures

page 06 Chalmers Management of the Built Environment, CMB

page 07 Gothenburg´s New Innovation Platform for Sustainable Urban Development

page 09 Energy Innovation Campus Program

page 11 Urban Metabolism of the District

page 13 Social Relations in Johanneberg

page 15 ElectriCity

page 17 Green Travel Plan

page 18 Castellum (AB) new development in Johanneberg

page 19 Riksbyggen’s Positive Footprint Housing

page 21 HSB Living Lab

page 23 Renovation of BRF Norra Guldheden

page 25 Urban Sound Planning

page 27 Water Raingardens and Adaptation

page 29 Biodiversity Compensation

page 30 Johanneberg BREEAM community

page 31 Indicators District and Household Level

page 32 The Challenge Lab

page 33 Replication and upscaling of Johanneberg Factor 10

Page 35 Creating a new business case out of the knowledge generated in districts

Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Introduction Johanneberg is a mixed activity district which is going through a dynamic process of building and renovation. The aspiration is to reach Factor 10 with the climate benefits that this implies. The current high standard of the Swedish built environment together with comprehensive stakeholder involvement and Climate-KIC involvement will allow us to push towards this aspiration.

The Johanneberg district concept has attracted a melting pot of stakeholders who have joined forces to provide this exciting document. Representatives from the mixed district will be an real estate and consultancy have shared their business acumen, academics have provided their knowledge and exhibition for upscaling societal stakeholders have revealed their tacit know-how of complexity. The result is a solid platform on which the 3. Johanneberg has been prepared with academics, Climate-KIC, through the Smart Sustainable District stakeholders and the top political leaders in (SSD) flagship, can demonstrate new products, services Gothenburg. The common vision and wide range of and concepts. activities have been compiled through working together and a broad engagement. The common aspiration for Johanneberg is to demonstrate and eventually reach Factor 10. This is by no means trivial, especially when one considers that the academics, stakeholders Johanneberg district is in the industrial, resource- intensive city of Gothenburg. Achieving Factor 10 will and top political leaders require dedicated effort in building and refurbishing, within the premise of new forms of cooperation and brought together governance. In reading this document you will find that 4. The climate mitigation and adaptation measures in the challenge of a Factor 10 district emerges through demand, building, mobility and supply in the district the concerted efforts of the range of business, societal are innovative and state-of-the-art. This enables a and academic stakeholders. This emergence has been significant and quantifiable transformation in the initiated by the ideas of SSD and would be significantly district in the short, medium and long-term. catalysed through the involvement of the Climate-KIC.

The key messages in the document are: innovative and state-of-the-

1. A new governance and business model will be art climate mitigation and developed in the Johanneberg district based on transformation to Factor 10. Companies are and will adaptation measures see the business case in the exhibition of their products and services. Governance will be through 5. We envisage reaching Factor 10 in Johanneberg shared benefits across different practitioners in the through a broad and ambitious integrated approach district, an example being of building refurbishment which includes the usual passive/plus house level, together with separation of the combined sewer to but also brings structure to social and user aspects, provide both climate mitigation and adaptation. This biodiversity, mobility and management. is not though enough and city authorities need to work together to provide further transport, social and other services. Simply stated, traditional Factor 10 will be reached planning does not provide the necessary solutions, contributions and services in time and scale. through a broad and ambitious integrated a new governance and approach business model will be The Johanneberg district is ready to become the first developed Factor 10 district globally and provides the possibility for an integrated exhibition of what can be done in a 2. The Johanneberg district is a typical European mixed mixed activity district. The Climate-KIC difference will be activity district. It is mixed in the sense of function the creation of entrepreneurship-driven opportunities by (business, homes, shops, play schools), culture and identifying gaps in knowledge and how practitioners can demographics, and users. The mixed district will be bring these into practice in an economically viable way. an exhibition for upscaling in Sweden, across Europe and beyond.

page 1 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Achieving Factor 10 Johanneberg aspires to reach Factor 10, perhaps as the first district in the world, and this requires a combination of academic knowledge and analysis with societal innovation and entrepreneurship. And further, by establishing Factor 10 as the aspiration for Johanneberg we provide a definitive and non-negotiable standard for all activities in the district.

Districts are the physical expression of our achieved in Swedish new developments and which has a consumption and production patterns in the small number of rebound issues). The central concept of the spatial scale. They are places of life, of work, for approach is that decoupling double isolation is desired. purchasing, training and education, pleasure - in short, This entails first, the decoupling of natural resource use the normal co-existence of people of all ages, (energy and material) from economic growth (Resource backgrounds and social status. Districts are in decoupling) and second, the decoupling of economic exchange with each other, for example in a city. But they growth and increased human well-being from the also interact with the rural areas that surround them. environmental impacts (Impact decoupling). Factor 10 On the large scale, they are also a consumer of globally for the Johanneberg district means a further increase manufactured goods. of human well-being and economic vitality with 90% fewer resource use and by extension a reduction in The challenges at the level of the district are diverse environmental impacts and associated greenhouse gas and it would be ignorant to believe that one-dimensional emissions. approaches would appropriately address the complexity of the challenges. The successful refurbishment The district Johanneberg is in many ways a typical strategy of the building stock at the larger scale, for North European district. Indeed, on face value the example, can only succeed if, among others, general Johanneberg district may not appear unique and has economic conditions, socio-cultural realities as well as many of the attributes of other European districts. This the environmental potentials are known. Since this is is good because this allows the replication and often not the case, energy-efficient refurbishment upscaling of the findings in Johanneberg to districts measures come too late or cannot be planned or across Europe. What is unique with Johanneberg is the implemented at a meaningful scale. The consequences high level of effort within sustainability, the mix of are often to be found: renovation backlog, non-economic practitioners and academia with a high level of refurbishment measures, rising rents and social aspiration and the political support of Gothenburg city displacement of the lower and middle classes of the towards Factor 10. Add on to this the transparency and towns, wasteful resource flows and failed political availability of data in Sweden (which has been a great objectives. benefit for instance in medical research where surveys are easy to carry out with great detail and reliability) and The Factor 10 district Johanneberg will address these we have a very suitable district for the Climate-KIC challenges through a holistic approach; moving on from flagship. a Factor 4 energy based approach (which is already

Resource decoupling

page 2 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

The Smart Sustainable District flagship and Johanneberg The Climate-KIC smart sustainable districts flagship focuses on how systems interact to identify the opportunities for radical improvement in performance, thereby leading to demonstrable innovation and entrepreneurship activities. The Johanneberg district provides a suitable test-bed for district transformation cutting through the typical complexity of built European city districts.

Aerial photo of Johanneberg in the mid-1900s

page 3 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Facilitate smart grid technology to optimise the Guldheden Square in 1944 available energy in the grid at any one time based on two way flows of energy and information; Enable low levels of disruption for retrofitting large-scale commercial buildings;

Integrate and design hydrogen infrastructure into the energy ecology for cities; Digitally link utilities and services within cities; Make cities more aware and adaptive in the face of environmental, social and economic challenges; Track and visualise household-level waste and consumables; Enhance the climatological interface between buildings and the external environment; Cities are widely recognised as highly complex systems, Aggregate demand and manage financial flows in part due to: the range of actors operating at different through new business model innovations; speeds (e.g. citizens, service providers, businesses, governments, community and third-sector Facilitate citizen engagement and behaviour organisations, educational and media institutions); and change in all of these critical areas; to the range of domains, with discrete yet Enhance and interconnect interdisciplinary interdependent drivers and subject to a complex array entrepreneurs as components for a flexible of external threats and opportunities (e.g. climate dynamic masterplan to create green urban change and resilience, economic austerity, global health incubators (urban management as co- and social trends). evolution).

The governance of cities has also vastly increased in The intention is that the SSD programme will become a complexity, not simply due to the physical/spatial Climate-KIC initiative working with smart and demands but also due to the changing way in which sustainable districts and cities globally, specifically critical infrastructure and services are being delivered targeted towards addressing complexity, multi- (i.e. through private, private-public, third sector, public stakeholder investments, fractured governance and (corporate) governance and financial mechanisms). multi-functional urban spaces at a large scale. Governance of micro-decisions through to strategic macro-decisions has become highly fractured (a simple To be able to disseminate the knowledge gathered in example is the failure of utilities and city authorities to the SSD programme it is of key importance that the agree on and implement a method for common districts chosen as case studies can represent the trenching of utilities into the sub-street level thereby range of actors and the range of domains that will allow avoiding repeated road-level disturbance) and the covering multi aspects occurring in a mixed use district impacts of interventions in city districts are difficult to and how different systems interact. quantify a priori. The Johanneberg district that encompasses Guldheden City districts provide the right scale for technologies and Johanneberg gathers these characteristics. The and other system interventions that are neither too Johanneberg district has around 16.000 residents and small to suffer from cost-effectiveness issues nor too can be considered a consolidated area with mixed large to suffer from planning and invasiveness issues. functions. Historically, the major developments They provide well-bounded spaces to undertake radical occurred until the 1970’s. Johanneberg was developed change and evaluate the impacts of that change. using functional planning theories, and Norra Guldheden was an exhibition area where the first Neighbourhood The SSD programme focuses on how systems interact unit in Sweden was placed as an Exhibition to test to identify the opportunities for radical improvement in collective housing functionalism and it is considered performance. The intention is not to simply seek Swedish National Interest patrimony. iterative improvement in efficiency, but to seek a 90% improvement in resource efficiency (Factor 10) with Chalmers University of Technology campus is located in improved environment and human well-being. The SSD Johanneberg with some 13 000 persons employed, partners have a wide range of products and services studying or working in one of the 130 SMEs on site. The from this systems-based approach including those that: Johanneberg district is currently being used as a test bed for a multitude of projects that offer different Create spatial and legal frameworks for solutions for different sustainable development topics, in implementation of smart technologies (e.g. particular: built environment, mobility, resource urban design framework including an optimized management, biodiversity, green certification and social transport system); development. Additionally, knowledge on urban system analysis at Chalmers ensures that the Johanneberg Capture waste heat from electricity grid cables district can be analysed from a holistic perspective. The and transformers; existence of a strong innovation platform allows the Utilise the potential latent storage capacity in development of business opportunities tailored to the urban transport networks; district level.

page 4 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Mistra Urban Futures Mistra Urban Futures is a consortium of key local and global societal and academic partners working for fair, green and dense districts and cities. This global knowledge centre has a series of large transdisciplinary research projects concerning the social aspects of districts that will be an important benefit for Johanneberg. Mistra Urban Futures vision

Mistra Urban Futures is a global knowledge center for social, cultural, institutional, ecological and economic Sustainable Urban Development hosted by Chalmers. activities. The focus on different types of joint knowledge The centre is founded by a consortium of partners in production is something which distinguishes Mistra Gothenburg – the city of Gothenburg, regional Urban Futures from other knowledge centers and fits in authorities, Chalmers and the University of Gothenburg well with the ideas for reaching Factor 10 in and several partners from business, and has strong Johannesberg. Projects draw upon both theory and local connections at both policy and practice level. practice in equal measure, and are carried out by Besides activities in Gothenburg, the centre runs researchers, from different disciplines, and projects and local interaction platforms in Cape Town, practitioners working together. When such knowledge Kisumu (Kenya), Shanghai and Manchester. At the time production takes place through different forms of of writing, the centre operates some 40 different cooperation, we find new critical insights and tools projects in these five cities. The centre sees the which can more effectively promote long-term positive Johanneberg district as showing the type of foresight urban change. that could replicated at their local (international) interaction platforms. Mistra Urban Futures provides a strong basis for the collaboration with local partners in Gothenburg, as well The climate adaptation project on the Frihamnen as an extensive research network, connecting both waterfront development in Gothenburg resulted in a practical experience with in depth academic knowledge series of spectacular ideas for sustainability based within a broad field of expertise, such as political adaptation. The goal for Mistra Urban Futures is to science, arts and humanities, social science, business contribute to Fair, Green and Dense cities. Fair in the economy, law, architecture and planning, engineering sense that all people should have access to urban and natural science. The centre also has well- qualities, functions and structures. Green in the sense established tools and channels for dissemination of that available resource is drawn upon to promote the results to a wider audience, for example a global wellbeing of all. Dense in the sense that cities should be newsletter and web page, an e- report series and planned and managed to build strong synergies across format for policy briefs, as well as local and global seminars and events. At all these levels the centre can contribute with support and knowledge to the Johanneberg district. page 5 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Chalmers Management of the Built Environment, CMB An important aspiration for the Johanneberg district is the development of a new management and governance model. CMB with its 48 companies provides an excellent forum to lift these issues and provide new approaches and knowledge.

Consortium of 48 companies and societal actors

CMB! is a consortium of 48 companies and societal actors that have identified lack of management as being Shorter time from early planning to moving in a source of delay and further that the present building Efficient resource use industry rests on yesterday’s issues and problems. CMB sees that the future of sustainable building is in a More rapid transformation to a sustainable society new complex and dynamic environment with new demands. The Johanneberg district with a Factor 10 Economic benefits for society aspiration is the platform where the ideas of CMB can Lower costs be tested and meet reality. Better developed relations between actors Management research leading to higher CMB contributes with their knowledge in leadership and efficiency and international competitiveness management to develop the new model required for Factor 10 and include page 6 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Gothenburg´s new innovation platform for sustainable urban development Johanneberg Science Park has recently received funding to develop an innovation platform between key societal stakeholders within Gothenburg. The Johanneberg district has been identified as a test-bed for full-scale demonstrations of sustainability innovations.

Vision Älvstaden, City of Gothenburg

page 7 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Johanneberg will act as a test bed where full scale demonstrators will be created alongside research and international collaboration and where businesses in the Built Environment sector will co-locate.

Over the next two years the platform will focus on both a strategic and an operational dimension. The basic objective is to develop a viable working process and organization for collaboration towards a sustainable city over a long period of time. The more hands-on activities include the development of existing demonstration projects and initiation of new ones, testing new ways to move from demonstration to large-scale implementation and promote the export of technology and services through the platform´s strong global linkages.

The financing covers two years of building a long-term structure. Vinnova has granted 8,5MSEK (approx 1M€) and the project has a planned co-financing of 13,5 MSEK (approx. 1,5 M€).

The platform is laying the foundation for a new and efficient way of working with actual tests and The city of Gothenburg faces huge challenges, as do demonstrations. Gothenburg benefits from having many many other big cities. The social and economic strong actors in the field of urban development who will segregation is tangible; the fact is that we have a now come together for a more holistic and common community where everyone does not feel included. approach. The innovation platform is intended to make Suburban district housing areas face similar challenges Gothenburg through Johanneberg a demonstration through physical renovation to meet new targets for where new technological solutions, innovations in the energy consumption and transformation. The tasks to service industry and work-processes can be tried, be undertaken lie primarily in creating an inclusive social tested and demonstrated. It is intended to work and physical structure that will also strengthen the links between different actors and lead to new business and between the centre of the city and the peripheral parts. export opportunities in the future. The platform will In order to gear itself to sustainable development, develop Gothenburg as an arena for the testing and Gothenburg must rapidly achieve a large-scale demonstration of sustainable urban development and improvement of energy efficiency of the housing competitive business. The project will scale up to the districts (the Million Homes Programme) of the 1970’s, entire city for technology solutions, service innovations learning from methods and technologies applied in and new work processes. demonstrators. Significant effort will be required from the city, industry and academia to overcome this The initiative includes the following challenge. Innovation Strategy; environment analysis, mapping the innovation system, long-term Gothenburg is developing a new innovation arena for organization, priority innovation areas, sustainable development. Within the framework Demonstration; new demo projects, innovation “Development of innovation arenas for Sustainable, map, new funding for urban development attractive cities” Vinnova has granted 1 million € to projects, highlighting synergies, public user develop an innovation arena for sustainable urban participation development. The investment will be used to create an arena where new innovative solutions can be tried and Implementation and Market; clear triple helix presented. Four Swedish cities are part of the network participation in international arenas, developing managed by the State innovation agency Vinnova. the study visits for the demonstration projects, developing the education solutions Gothenburg´s new innovation platform for sustainable urban development is unique in the sense that it reveals The platform will mobilise and coordinate resources an entire city as a test bed and showcase for Swedish from existing structures, organisations and initiatives to technology solutions, service innovations and further develop the City´s attractiveness in an transformative work processes for a more sustainable international as well as national perspective with regard urban future. With strong political will and motivation in to; offering residents a good living environment, the business sector, among citizens and stakeholders economic sustainability, more companies and business and within academia, Gothenburg joins forces to opportunities, finding ways to socially mixed housing, develop a city at the forefront of sustainable reduced climate footprint, energy efficiency and world- development. Taken together, the various initiatives and leading transport systems. projects offer an outstanding opportunity to take a firm grasp on how sustainable urban development can be pursued.

page 8 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Energy Innovation Campus Program The older Chalmers campus lies within the Johanneberg district and a program has been defined to provide Johanneberg as a test-bed for innovations emerging from energy research. This is facilitated in the Chalmers organisation through an area of advance on energy that cuts across department and academic borders.

page 9 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship An extensive and long-term program is being developed Many smaller projects have been carried out making the whole of Chalmers campus Johanneberg a independently on campus regarding energy efficiency living energy lab. This program is termed the Energy and campus development but this program will have a Innovation Campus Program. The program aims to holistic approach to sustainable and innovative district identify, generate, support and demonstrate energy development and ensure a close connection to education, research, and innovation projects using research and education. In the Energy Innovation existing and new infrastructure, buildings and Campus Program researchers, real estate owners, properties. Within the program academia, public students, industry and additional stakeholders will find a sector, real estate owners, business and industry are strategic platform to meet and act. By transitioning s actively invited and stimulated to meet across Johanneberg into a living energy lab with visible traditional boarders in order to develop and conduct demonstration projects the district can be a guiding energy related projects on in Johanneberg. Those star for the Gothenburg area as well as a nationally and projects will benefit the local sustainable development internationally famous open arena for energy innovation as well as contribute to long term solutions on how to and research where new and sustainable innovations meet the global challenges especially related to urban and ideas can be tested and visualised and anchored development and overall cost-effective greenhouse gas both in the academic, public and industrial world. abatements.

Johanneberg is a cohesive and well-defined area as well as an integrated part of Gothenburg city and its metabolism. The city centre is only a short walk away. More than 10 000 students, faculty members, business, industry, residents and visitors pass through the campus every day and a number of tram and bus lines stop around campus which further facilitate the integration with the city. The industrial sector is well represented at Chalmers campus Johanneberg, not at least by the establishment of Johanneberg Science Park in 2010 and the campus area is now also facing a large expansion and plans to further strengthen its relations with business and industry. At Chalmers University of Technology more than one thousand students graduate every year and they take their experiences from their university with them in their future careers worldwide. With these extraordinary possibilities to reach large amounts of young people in the beginning of their career and the closeness and symbiosis with the city, the city residents and the industrial sector, the campus provides a unique possibility to become a living lab area where educational projects, innovation and research is visualised and demonstrated publicly.

The program considers research, education and demonstration/innovation around sustainable energy solutions and includes areas such as local energy conversion, energy systems and energy saving innovations, smart grid development in practice, DC in buildings, and energy related multidisciplinary student projects. Chalmers campus is enjoying the benefit of hosting a 12 MW boiler with an associated gasifier, mainly powered by bio fuel and highly used in research as well as for heating the main part of campus Johanneberg. The electricity, methane gas and heat generation in the boiler will (within the program Energy Campus Innovation) be sustained with additional renewable energy sources on campus and the possibilities of demonstration projects through visible or invisible integration of new solar panel concepts, various energy storage options, wind turbines and geothermal plants. The possibilities to use the increased access to real case data in education and research reveals options for learning on energy management at larger scales. Engineering and architecture students will also be able to do their master thesis based on these new possibilities and interaction areas and will give them unique access to the business and industry engaged in the program. page 10 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Urban metabolism of the district A material flow accounting for the city of Gothenburg has recently been made and within the flagship products/services toolbox this data and modelling will provide an excellent basis for detailed district studies. Swedish society provides an outstanding ))possibility for detailed flow accounting) because of the transparency of data, which is not found in other European countries.

## Urban Metabolism group # ## Rosado,MFA L., Kalmykova, indicators Y., and Patrício, forJ. urban areas in Sweden Material types

BM1 ! Agriculture Biomass ! BM2 ! Animal Biomass BM3 ! Textile Biomass BM4 ! Oils and Fats BM5 ! Sugars BM6 ! Wood and Fuels BM7 ! Paper and Board BM8 ! Other Biomass STOCKHOLM METROPOLITAN AREA CF1 ! Alcohols CF2 ! Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals CF3 ! Fertilizers and Pesticides FF1 ! Fuels FF2 ! Other Fossil Fuels FF3 ! Lubricants, Oils and Solvents FF4 ! Plastics and Rubbers MM1 ! Iron, Steel alloying Metals and Ferrous Metals MM2 ! Light Metals MM3 ! Non Ferrous Heavy Metals MM4 ! Special Metals MM5 ! Nuclear Fuels MM6 ! Precious Metals NM1 ! Sand NM2 ! Cement NM3 ! Clay NM4 ! Stone NM5 ! Other (Fibres, Salt, inorganic parts of animals) O1 ! Non Specified O2 ! Liquids

Direct Material Input Imports Domestic Material Consumption Net Addition to Stock Domestic Extraction Industrial Production Exports Crossing Flows min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max Million tonnes per year Million tonnes per year Million tonnesMFA per year indicatorsMillion tonnes per year for urbanMillion tonnes per year areas inMillion Sweden tonnes per year Million tonnes per year Million tonnes per year

GÖTEBORG METROPOLITAN AREA

# Direct Material Input Imports Domestic Material Consumption Net Addition to Stock Domestic Extraction Industrial Production Exports Crossing Flows min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max min average max $ Million tonnes per year Million tonnes per year Million tonnesMFA per year indicatorsMillion tonnes per year for urbanMillion tonnes per year areas inMillion Sweden tonnes per year Million tonnes per year Million tonnes per year $%&'J$%&E/M&3+MALMÖ METROPOLITAN AREA !#.$%&''()*+,

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)) ) Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

The metabolism of cities and urban regions is The Urban Metabolism group at Chalmers recently dependent on and regulated by complex systems that made a Material Flow Accounting study of the 3 are themselves composed of interrelated subsystems Swedish Metropolitan Areas (Stockholm, Gothenburg with links to the world. Changes in one subsystem will and Malmo), for a period of 16 years (1996-2011) to have effects through the entire structure. As a start analysing in detail the characteristics of the consequence, the sustainability of these structures metabolism of cities. depends on resources and ecological services from distant ecosystems and on the logistics of the supply The method is now being applied to the municipalities of chain. The well being of city and regional residents is each Metropolitan Area, as well as selected districts, affected by both the availability and the resilience of with a current emphasis on the Johanneberg district. these systems. The UMAn model developed within the framework of Cities and districts, in a globalized economy, are Urban Metabolism allows a description of the material particularly vulnerable to diverse challenges that may flows for the following dimensions: affect their supply chain of goods, water or energy, causing disruptive and potentially catastrophic results. Material Flow Accounting indicators: Imports, The resilience of urban systems can be understood as Exports, Domestic Extraction, Consumption, the ability to overcome sudden failures of supply without Addition to Stock, Emissions, Waste significant reorganization and unanticipated investment production; in the infrastructure and other critical systems of the Indicators are depicted in 28 material urban economy. How are specific economic activities categories; dependent or independent of particular flows of resources? This is an important question whose Indicators are disaggregated in 10000 response requires a deep understanding of how cities product types; and districts function, and serves as a primary Indicators are disaggregated by economic motivation for urban metabolism studies. activity, up to 500 types.

The Urban Metabolism group has also been studying: Material Flow diagram for Gothenburg in 2011 the drivers of consumption in urban areas, e.g. income, GDP, housing size, education, car Addition ownership. in stock 7.51 Mt the trends through time for the different flows of resources, including energy, waste and CO2 emissions.

ExtractionDomestic 8.78 Mt the differences and similarities between urban Direct Material areas, in terms of their characteristics related Output 17.02 Mt to urban metabolism: material needs, diversity Direct Material of processes dynamic behaviour of flows Input 26.22 Mt

Exports 13.77 Mt to NatureOutputs 3.20 Mt (including succession), development, dependency on outside resources, and environmental impacts of an urban area. Imports 11.77 Mt

National Recovery Trends in CO2 emissions in Stockholm and Gothenburg Energy 1. 42 Mt Air emissions 1.80 Mt MFA indicators forFig 3urbanb:a CO2 areas in Sweden Recycling 1.80 Mt Exports 13.24 Mt Dissipation 0.76 Mt Gothenburg Stockholm

ISW 0.63 Mt National 7.0 HW 0.06 Mt

6.0

y = -0.038x + 80.51 )

s ) R² = 0.44 e s n n o n

t o 5.0 t n o n i l

l y = -0.018x + 41.3 i R² = 0.13 m i ( (

n 4.0 i g i i r i

Crossing flows o r o Imports 23.40 Mt s 19.18 Mt l e l u

f u 3.0 f l i s i s Exports 19.72 Mt International o s f f m

o m 2.0 r f r f 2 International O 2 C O

1.0

0.0 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 year

page 12 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Social relations in Johanneberg The Johanneberg district provides a melting pot of stakeholders with different needs and visions. The stakeholder networks are known and have been engaged in projects with an emphasis on social relations between groups within the district.

page 13 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Positive Footprint Housing is a project that aims at There is a long tradition of engagement in residential building a new residential quarter with approximately issues in Guldheden. There are several local housing co- 100 flats, on a plot in Johanneberg and situated on the operatives who are active in the area. Two local border between the Chalmers campus area and the pressure groups – Friends of Mossen and Portect south part of Guldheden. The project is high in ambition Guldheden - have also been working with housing and and experimental in design, putting sustainability and environmental issues for many years. Their goal is to research at the core of the effort. The plan is that the maintain what they consider to be essential qualities in new block will house a socially sustainable living not only the district; especially the well-ordered balance between for its own residents, but also for parts of the built areas and green zones. neighbourhood. Common social assets include an electric car pool and greenhouses. In this way the new For Johanneberg the social sustainability and social residential quarter can function as an exhibition for capital aspects will be identified through a four sustainable living in the local district. component structure: equity, awareness, participation and social cohesion. There are two key aspects of social During the planning process the project leaders of sustainability that will be considered Positive Footprint Housing has worked on social relations, trying to create a dialogue with important 1. Structural content. This includes meeting local actors. One of them is the municipality district places, play areas, safe green areas – administration where the officials have taken a great generally the common discourse in political and interest in the project. company documents. 2. The process. This is about following social sustainability with time and understanding that a specific intervention or structure often doesn’t have the desired endpoint. This is a flexibility that we can develop to follow the human well-being curve for Factor 10.

Planning for a sustainable future has been on the agenda for several years, but there is a lack of methods and models for how to do this in practice. The Gothenburg City Planning Office has recognized this and a knowledge matrix have been developed. This matrix helps to structure the planning process by suggesting important themes and questions that are crucial to deal with during the planning process. In the same way two Due to fewer persons per household, the population of tools are being developed. One deals with ecological the Guldheden housing areas have diminished over the sustainability, the other with social sustainability. The years. This affects the possibility to provide good aim is to facilitate the process of sustainable planning, service, both public and commercial. So there is a need but also to maintain a sustainable living once the for new housing projects in the area. From the local buildings are there and the area is inhabited. administration’s point of view there are also certain groups that need special attention on the housing market. Among them are young people who are not studying. This is a group that have problems finding residence, since most apartments are offered to students. Also elderly people have special needs. There is a local organization for elderly and these have had meetings with Positive Footprint Housing in order to see if they can make ends meet.

page 14 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

ElectriCity Volvo will introduce an electric powered bus connecting the Johanneberg district to the city centre as one of 10 global demonstration projects. This demonstrator combines the technology of the bus with the innovations associated with the change in flows of persons, products and services around the indoor bus stations.

Volvo Electric bus

page 15 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The use of electric powered buses not only places to diesel powered buses (According to studies, normal

Gothenburg and the Johanneberg district on the map in fuel-related CO2 emissions from city buses average terms of sustainable and innovative solutions for public about 0,8 kg/km ). It is also expected that the improved transport; the new bus service will also open up new and novel services offered will result in a more people possibilities in city and urban planning. A silent and using public transport rather than private cars, thus emissions-free public transport system will enable the further increasing the CO2 emission reduction. inclusion of locations in the city that are currently off limits. Proposed route of ElectriCity service

The new electric bus service initiative was conceived by the Volvo Group in June 2013 and will commence operation in 2015. The electric buses are to run between Johanneberg and Lindholmen Science Park in Hisingen (see Figure 1). The project is being led by a consortium consisting of stakeholders from the Region, the City of Gothenburg, the Science Parks at Johanneberg and Lindholmen, the Volvo Group and the Swedish Energy Agency.

In the Johanneberg district, the new bus service will serve as a test bed for novel solutions concerning the integration of different modes of transport in the new cityscapes, including development of new and exciting services for travellers en route or in bus stops and waiting areas. In addition to the electric buses, the The use of electric power not only places Gothenburg cooperation also includes the creation and trial runs of and the Johanneberg district on the map in terms of new bus-stop solutions, charging technology, traffic- sustainable and innovative solutions for public transport; routing and information systems, safety concepts, the new bus service will also open up new possibilities in energy supply and business models. city and urban planning.

The new technology enables completely new possibilities New possibilities for terminal locations for future public transport. Buses that glide noiselessly without emissions, that pick up passengers indoors and which are powered by a renewable source of electricity – this will become reality through the launch of an ultra- modern bus service in Gothenburg. This is also in line with the prioritised objective of having Gothenburg reduce its climate impact to become a climate-neutral city, and of increasing sustainable travel.

One key aspect of all-electric transport is the freedom to locate terminals and stops indoors, providing sheltered, pleasant and safe surroundings for waiting passengers. Windy, badly lit and potentially unsafe pedestrian walkways may be eliminated, thereby increasing the well being of users and providing additional incentives for using public transportation services. The flexible location of stops also paves the way for new thinking in urban planning, for instance by enabling further densification and increased energy efficiency of buildings and districts.

A number of novel ideas have been proposed and will be investigated in the near future concerning passenger services in connection with the new bus service. Such ideas include multi-modal connections to other means of transport, information and entertainment before, during and after travelling and e-commerce solutions connected to the bus stop (order/pick up goods). It is expected that when realised, these services will transform the experience of commuting into something much more enjoyable, at the same time as seamlessly integrating it with other aspects and needs of daily life.

As the buses are fully electric and may be run with electricity generated by renewable means, CO2 emission reduction can range from 80 % up to 100 % compared

page 16 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Green travel plan The green travel plan meets the challenge of 5000 new persons in the area without increasing private car transport over the next few years. The plan includes incentives for travelling on public transport and bicycles, but also significant investments in the renovation of public transport junctions and shared bicycle facilities.

In late 2012 a decision was made to implement a green The green travel plan also includes the following: travel plan for Johanneberg, much of this covering the Chalmers campus but also affecting the surroundings – All employees at Chalmers will be able to buy a particularly in terms of public transport. A major public transport annual travel card for a greatly challenge is the projected increase of employees at reduced price (a saving of 220 Euros per travel Chalmers Johanneberg (mostly SME and societal card per year) employees) by 5000 over the next few years while not Information on and upgrade of bicycle facilities, increasing the number of automobile traffic at all. include pump station, covered and safe parking with locks, as well as shower facilities Public transport congestion in the Johanneberg district will be reduced with major rebuilding at two traffic A system for hiring bicycles which is connected junctions in 2014. to those available in Gothenburg through the city has been implemented in 2013. An electric vehicle pool has been opened and can be used for private or work use. A significant increase in parking charges on the Chalmers campus to deter the driving of private cars to work.

page 17 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Castellum (AB) new development in Johanneberg The real estate management company Castellum will lead a new office development within Johanneberg and the aspiration of Johanneberg to Factor 10 will allow tougher climate standards in procurement.

A key development to exhibit Factor 10 will be a former The development has a planned start date 1st July petrol station site that will receive planning permission 2015. This project is of particular interest as Castellum in autumn 2014. The site is 3500 m2 above ground and has not procured the builder as yet and allows the 1500 m2 below. The estimated production cost is 11 setting of extra standards. million Euros for new office space on four floors. The project will be open to the flagship to allow studies The business in the existing house will move at the end of the use of the tools in understanding how this project of April 2014. A marketing campaign will then can provide a lead contribution in the transformation commence to bring new business into the buildings and, process for Johanneberg to Factor 10. Further the being part of a district showing foresight in sustainability early stage of this project will allow input from Climate- will provide attraction for interested parties. KIC innovations in a broader sense. page 18 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Riksbyggen’s Positive Footprint Housing Riksbyggen is a national, cooperative housing association and is in the process of building their landmark Positive Footprint Housing within the Johanneberg district. The innovations include new reduced CO2 energy systems, ecosystem services, social sustainability and private cars reduced to an electric car pool (powered on site through renewable energy).

Malmström Edström arkitekter

page 19 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

The idea behind Positive Footprint Housing was conceived in 2011 through collaboration between researchers at the department of Architecture at Chalmers University of Technology, the department of Social Work at University of Gothenburg, Johanneberg Science Park and Riksbyggen. The project will result in a housing complex of 200 apartments situated on the outskirts of Johanneberg Science Park, and several research projects will be conducted in parallel during the construction of the new houses. The research collaboration is expected to continue even after the houses are finished, allowing researchers and students to study and to conduct experiments in the unique environment of Positive Footprint Housing.

Initially, it was decided that the main success factors of Interfacing with the surrounding green area the project would be: Assume an active role in learning, public To be an internationally recognised model for dialogue and knowledge development sustainable housing concerning sustainable housing To design from a sustainability perspective The Positive Footprint Housing project gathers a broad To maintain interaction with the public throughout the project representation of stakeholders from different parts of society. Apart from Riksbyggen and Johanneberg To employ new technology and innovative Science Park, Chalmers University of Technology, materials University of Gothenburg, Göteborg Energy and the City To build new knowledge about sustainability of Gothenburg make up the project group. Numerous To contribute to the development of the district other stakeholders are also connected to the project, Johanneberg including SMEs and larger companies, interest groups To pave the way for Riksbyggen’s inclusion of and NGO’s. sustainability in future projects While the construction project is still in the planning and The ambitious goal of the project is to show that design stages, the research work is well under way. Swedish housing can once again be world leading with Undergraduate and graduate research projects are respect to current and future demands for being carried out on the following themes: sustainability. By close collaboration between advanced Behavioural and social aspects of housing research, innovative development and higher education Sustainability the project aims to: Quality

Control and monitoring Become a landmark example of innovative and holistic thinking in the fields of sustainable Energy efficiency housing and urban development Materials and technologies

Show that sustainable construction is possible with respect to resource and energy usage, In order to stimulate interest from industry, particularly design, materials, technology, processes and from small and medium-sized companies, workshops management and that the finished housing have been conducted where companies from within and project can have a positive net energy balance outside of the building sector could present ideas and and is financially viable innovative technologies that could be incorporated in the project. Focus on human needs through flexible solutions that facilitate a sustainable life style The project demonstrations will in a broader aspect for the residents and social acceptance from work as a development area for national and the neighbours international testing. The form and the impact will in a Promote social sustainability by specifically longer term contribute towards development of catering to children’s needs and to strive for a smarter and more sustainable solutions concerning the mix of generations and backgrounds among built environment, services for transport, daily living residents services as well as contributing to a reduction of CO2 Radically reduce the need for private cars emissions and improved air quality. A focal point will be Be a key project that vitalises and strengthens to show that the buildings generate more energy than the development of Johanneberg by adding they consume, in the construction phase as well as in architectural quality and creating the everyday use. conditions for a more dynamic neighbourhood Manifest a long term collaboration, where the project will serve as a full scale laboratory for research, development and education for at least three decades to come

page 20 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

HSB Living Lab The HSB Living Lab is a user-centred facility for sustainable living, which will be built during 2014 within the Johanneberg district. As part of the Climate-KIC BTA flagship there will be a solid demonstration of and channel for Climate-KIC products and services.

Malmström Edström arkitekter

page 21 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

HSB Living Lab is planned as a built infrastructure for One interesting example of the relevance of the HSB advanced research on the flows of energy, materials Living Lab towards Factor 10 is the development of a and water through living space and their relationship to new common washing room. A hackathon was recently state-of-the-art design and technology. Situated in the held with the RCA in London and NASA, together with Johanneberg district the facility will be a showcase for stakeholders from Tengboms, Chalmers, Gothenburg how individuals can lead a sustainable lifestyle in their Energy and HSB. The challenge was to prepare the home. The facility is being built by HSB, which is a laundry room of the future both in terms of low energy housing association with 550 000 members and who and water solutions, but also in terms of social see the developed knowledge, innovation and services sustainability (interpersonal networks). as being of benefit for their 3 300 housing associations around Sweden.

This Hackathon was partnered with NASA (Houston) because the comparison with extreme environments such as Space provides new ideas for Earth. Further cooperation was with the RCA, the HSB housing association and students from Rice University and University of Houston as well as Chalmers. The Hackathon was carefully prepared with clear expected outcomes (ie the Hackathon should lead to useful products and services), design over the Atlantic (through synchronised timed sessions for preparation and reporting) and feeding into the HSB Living Lab.

HSB Living Lab has an important role in the Artists impression and HSB facility Johanneberg district in showing how resource use can be minimised through user-based design and by HSB Living Lab is a research facility for behavioural and developing new products and services for the Climate- practice based research on new innovations and KIC and for SSD which can provide intervention in services for sustainable living. The photo above is an households and businesses through the district. artist’s impression and the facility itself will be built 2014/2015.

HSB Living Lab is a residential block of 25 student and guest researcher apartments that will include flexible living units and multifunctional-shared space. The high degree of flexibility will allow the proper design of new experimental areas, which will include new ideas for the washing room and kitchen.

Starting in 2014 HSB Living Lab is included in the Climate-KIC flagship BTA. Here research will be carried out on a new home energy management system including a comfort parameter sensor network and a user interactive visualisation system developed at the Delft University of Technology. Further prototyping of new facade materials and solutions will be tested.

HSB Living Lab is a facility for user-centred research together with facilities in Spain, Delft and Zurich. The network is the starting core partnership in the Climate- KIC BTA flagship (Building Technology Accelerator).

page 22 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Renovation of BRF Norra Guldheden The housing association Norra Guldheden was a Swedish exhibition of modern living in 1947 with new innovations for city living with all facilities in the neighbourhood. Now there is a need for renovation and the housing association are rethinking their role in the district to create a new exhibition of modern innovations in a cultural context – towards Factor 10.

Bo Bättre exhibition

page 23 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Already in the 1930’s the Swedish government, focused Norra Guldheden plan proposal in 1944 on creating fair and more equal living. It became an overall project, architectural, economically, socially, with great influence from abroad. Function was essential. The area was designed in order to include work, living, transportation, and recreation. The physical aspects such as light, house width, and exploitation dictated the terms of building.

The housing that emerged creatively combined tradition with the future, implementing more rooms for the same area. The economic angle was to build affordable for all kinds of people and families, a two bedroom apartment should cost no more than 20% of a regular working salary. Just building on solid bedrock at the time was very challenging and due to the height of the area, with wind and rain. The area, from the beginning was pure wilderness.

Since 2005 several refurbishment activities have been implemented:

2010 Broadband – fiber 2011 Refurbishment Dalheimersgatan 2-6 2009-10 Creation of a guest apartment 2010-12 New Playground 2009-10 Implementation of district heating 2005-07 Refurbishment of 400 bathrooms, 2005-07 Relining of water network 25 buildings including 454 apartments, 5 business 2005-07 Complete updating of all electricity installations ia locations a Kindergarten, a restaurant were 2005-06 Renovation of 12 elevators incorporated into the area and represented a new neighbourhood way of living. The housing association society was legally created in 1999 and before this, the Challenges ahead entire complex was apartments for hire. (18 one-room 1. Combining tradition with future sustainability in terms apartments, 248 two-room apartments, 63 three-room of environment, economy as well as modern standard of apartments and 125 four-room apartments). living. 2. Preserving the culturally protected brick exterior The area of Norra Guldheden, was originally created, while refurbishing in an efficient and responsible designed and built in 1945-1947. It was in fact planned manner. Keeping the original architecture while and designed as an early housing exhibition, Bo Bättre implementing the latest technology in terms of (Live better). Nearly 80 years later, it is now recognized environment, energy effectiveness, and security. as an area of national interest, from an architectural 3. Maintain cultural preservation while offering a high point of view. In 1945 it was described as very standard of living, to all inhabitants. welcoming and cosy, with healthy light and air, at the 4. Develop this traditional area into a modern area with very top in the city, also with excellent views in all a proud history, for future legacy. directions. The involved entrepreneur's welcomed all 5. While refurbishing, all 25 buildings, which is visitors, showing how to solve the living issues at the challenging enough, at the same time improve both the time. The exhibition Bo Bättre was opened by royalty in economy and security/safety, for this part of the city, 1945 and attracted national interest. both in short and long term perspectives.

page 24 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Urban Sound Planning The Johanneberg district should be a pleasant place to live and work as part of the Factor 10 aspiration. New innovations are to be considered to provide acoustic qualities along transport corridors and around buildings.

page 25 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The department of Applied Acoustics at Chalmers is leading the European Training Network SONORUS dealing with Urban Sound Planning. The EU finances the project for a period of four years. SONORUS brings together universities, enterprises and public organizations that offer training to 14 young researchers in urban sound planning in an arena of transdisciplinary research. Fourteen partners from all over Europe participate including Antwerp, Brighton, Rotterdam, Rome and Gothenburg offering test sites as an opportunity to implement the concept of Urban Sound Planning. At the end these young people will help To achieve acoustic qualities in a complex environment to initiate a paradigm shift in the handling of the an holistic approach is required. This means that the acoustic environment in our cities. acoustic planning covers wide areas at the district level and it takes into account a time scale corresponding to that of other planning activities such as traffic planning Traditionally it is agreed by all involved in planning and or urban development. In addition the planning has to designing urban areas that the visual appearance of take into account a multi functional approach where cities crucially determines the sense of living there and areas and surfaces near transport corridors are thus needs careful planning efforts. However the exploited and optimized for acoustic purposes. Such acoustic environment has up to now been considered of areas include road shoulders, embankments, car minor importance and therefore the acoustic parking areas, bicycle tracks, walkways, building appearance, the sound of urban areas has not been façades, balconies, roofs, car parking areas, parks and able to attract comparable planning efforts yet. Today other open spaces. managing acoustic environments is mainly limited to situations where problems (e.g. unhealthy noise Building façades can be designed to be visually exposure) occur. The problems are treated very locally, attractive as well as acoustically beneficial. New street with a short time perspective and they are experienced furniture can be designed to be acoustically functional. as additional and unwanted costs to society. Although parks and open spaces are used to provide a pleasant breathing space within the urban stress and bustle, their potential to be acoustically restorative The acoustic environment is being increasingly could be improved through design. In addition, the recognized as an important part of the overall resulting land-take and cost of maintenance are well perception of urban environments. Functioning of parks, accepted. Therefore it is an evident task to use these shopping malls, living areas or just walking strokes are resources in a more efficient way specifically with strongly dependent on the presence of appropriate regard to road, rail and air traffic noise while sound. The absence of expected acoustic qualities or considering also annoyance aspects. This implies using even worse the presence of intrusive and/or misplaced a soundscape approach, which focuses on outdoor sounds leads to a decreased function of urban sound environments, on qualities of sound environments. Consequently the role of urban sound environments in relation to specific functions of the planning is to establish implementable plans how an urban environment. It also demands a strong area should sound in the future, avoiding bad surprises interaction between planners, architects, acousticians and assuring efficient use of resources. and also politicians.

page 26 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Water raingardens and adaptation European city sewers have inherited a built legacy of combined systems. This creates flood adaptation challenges due to densification and climate change. The regional sewage treatment plant and water authority now combine forces with other affected stakeholders in the Johanneberg district to re-route the storm water to the surface, creating beneficial raingardens towards the Blue Green Dream of the Climate-KIC project of the same name.

page 27 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship The Johanneberg district is typical of established European districts concerning the handling of storm Main plan water and wastewater. Combined sewers transport through pumping stations both types of water to a regional wastewater treatment plant (Ryaverket in Gothenburg). However, increasing densification of the city centre and the anticipated effects of climate change (increased rainfall, sea level rise) now mean that the two authorities for wastewater treatment, and recycling and water, now come together to demonstrate the potential of bringing storm water to the surface, both in terms of climate adaptation and in terms of creating a blue green environment. The Johanneberg district is typical for built areas and demonstrates how to re- route storm water to the surface.

In Johanneberg, storm water should be kept on the surface and allowed to reach its receiving water without flooding. The surfaces, ponds and creeks involved should be aesthetically pleasing, safe and clean. The waterways can also contribute positively to biological diversity and local climate. In Johanneberg there are green areas and possible routes for the storage and transport of water on the surface. While the municipality and local stakeholders see the need to reduce the climate footprint of the district and city as well as adapting to climate change to come and even if this development is cost effective and climate smart, there are several These challenges call for a toolbox of indicators, challenges which must be handled in each project on methods and communication platforms, which is an the way. essential element in the smart sustainable districts flagship. The following tools and systems will be Stakeholders need to find ways to cooperate around developed and implemented within the project in small individual projects. Each project, even a small one, collaboration with the flagship team: may need action or acceptance from land-owners and the managers of parks, roads and sewers. In order to Indicators and an integration of indicators in contribute well to the local environment, as well as order to easily determine if a measure is improving the down-stream environment, the change desirable from a combination of economic, needs to be wanted or at least accepted and environmental and social points of view. understood by residents. It will be a challenge to enable Strategies and methods for communication and motivate the different stakeholders in contributing and cooperation with residents in order to win to the proposed solutions for Johanneberg. acceptance for relevant measures as well as integrating the local knowledge of the residents The incentives to change the combined system are in the choice of good solutions. generally invisible at the district level, far away or theoretical, whereas any nuisance caused by water on A platform for communication and exchange of the surface will be obvious and close. The avoided knowledge between the actors of the project. flooding of downstream basements or saved electricity Information as well as relevant regulations on at the wastewater treatment plant is not obvious, maintenance that guarantees that technical whereas mosquitoes in a pond close to home will not go and aesthetic functions are upheld over the unnoticed. Thus information throughout planning and decades to come. construction as well as at the completed sites is important. The district of Johanneberg, in Gothenburg, Sweden, is a perfect district to implement and study the effect of It is imperative that the systems are maintained in these tools for several reasons. order to function for many years. Operation of a surface-bound storm water system must be organized. The area has mainly combined sewers. Removing storm Contrary to the sewers, the responsibility of handling of water from the system will give major downstream storm water on the surface may be divided between benefits in the form of less climate impact of the many stakeholders. They all need to understand the role wastewater treatment plant, reduced need of future that their ditch, pond or surface plays in the urban end-of-pipe investments, reduced combined sewer water cycle. It is a challenge to construct tools and overflow and reduced downstream flooding risk. create awareness so that units demanding little maintenance will actually be maintained over time.

page 28 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Biodiversity compensation Constructed facilities for the re-routed storm water in Johanneberg will be designed to provide biodiversity and compensate for anthropogenic activities in the built environment. This will be combined with the biodiversity corridors identified through the Johanneberg district during the recent city planning process.

Several recent studies have focused on assessing the biodiversity in CSMSs in comparison to natural environments, and factors that affect this biodiversity. The results of these studies have emphasised the value of CSMSs for supporting biodiversity. The factors that had an effect on the biodiversity included characteristics of vegetation, water chemistry and structural configuration of the system. However, while the positive functions that CSMSs can fulfil for biodiversity are often acknowledged, quantitative estimations are scarce. Thus, further knowledge is needed in order to propose technical design and provide management recommendations for biodiversity- promoting CSMSs.

The green areas of Johanneberg are linked to provide a biodiversity corridor and a flight path for a rare species of woodpecker. Further efforts need to be considered Constructed storm water management systems for the corridor to traverse the campus area into (CSMSs) have the potential to promote aquatic neighbourhood districts. biodiversity But have previously been primarily designed and constructed for the removal of particles and Green areas and biodiversity corridor plan particle associated pollutants, as well as peak flow reduction. However, further research is needed in order to propose technical design and provide management recommendations for extended, biodiversity-promoting CSMSs. The aim here is to develop a solution for the biodiversity compensation for the built environment of Johanneberg. In this project, we will develop a model to simulate the influence of environmental factors on the aquatic biodiversity in CSMSs. The developed model will be used to design biodiversity-promoting CSMSs in the Johanneberg district.

CSMSs can be used to mitigate some of the negative impacts of the built environment, including biodiversity decline. CSMSs, like ponds and wetlands, are traditionally designed to remove pollutants from the road runoff and to reduce the peak runoff rates. However, CSMSs are also urban ecosystems, which provide a range of ecosystem services, such as AA regulatory (e.g. in terms of water and air quality), cultural and biodiversity services. A few recent studies have indicated that CSMSs may act as a habitat for native flora and fauna, and contribute to the maintenance of biodiversity in urban landscapes. Therefore, CSMSs can be designed to mitigate the decline in biodiversity caused by urbanisation. However, the value of CSMSs in terms of supporting biodiversity has received little attention so far and remains poorly understood.

page 29 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Johanneberg BREEAM community A BREEAM community beta-test of the new Swedish manual was carried out in the latter part of 2013 for Johanneberg. Swedish districts rank high in holistic sustainability certification and Johanneberg can reach outstanding with some effort in the dialogue process. This further underlines our aspiration and belief that Johanneberg has the potential to reach Factor 10.

The new Johanneberg Science Park building

BREEAM communities may be considered the most and users. It was demonstrated that Johanneberg appropriate classification and certification system for could reach outstanding through a dialogue process promoting the planning of a district towards already in the present situation. This further confirms sustainability. The Sweden Green Building Council our belief that a commitment of Johanneberg to a long- (SGBC) has initiated a cooperation project, sustainability term Factor 10 transformation is within reach. certification of city districts that involves a wide range of practitioners. During 2013/2014 SGBC has commenced the process of producing a Swedish manual for BREEAM communities where the 40 scored aspects are adapted to Swedish conditions. The final beta-test manual will be ready for Sweden in September 2014.

The new Johanneberg Science Park building will be completed during 2015 with working space for more than 400 new employees. This without increasing the number of automobiles in the area.

The BREEAM beta-test was carried out for Johanneberg during late 2013 with a test of the manual and a pre-assessment. The beta- test was under the auspices of Chalmers Fastigheter who The Johanneberg district is a green oasis in Gothenburg city with manage many of the buildings in the district. The beta- a wide mix of activities test involved real estate managers, developers, a major energy company, housing associations, an architect

page 30 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Indicators district & household levels The Johanneberg district has an available dataset structured on indicators within the 12 environment goals established by the Gothenburg municipality. The availability of data will enable the smart sustainable district partners to use their toolbox.

The 12 environmental goals set by the municipality of Gothenburg are supported by an array of indicators aimed at assessing progress toward specific targets. This monitoring framework provides details of energy uses, greenhouse gas emissions and additional parameters relevant to the Climate-KIC flagship, including the quality of the built environment and the operation of the transportation system. While the indicators are usually presented as aggregates for the entire municipality, data is available at the district level. The Johanneberg district will benefit from this existing indicator framework. Past data will provide a valuable baseline for the assessment of approaches implemented in the district and the development of strategies and scenarios.

Achieving a Factor 10 will require a comprehensive understanding of the district through detailed monitoring at household and district levels. Using the existing indicator framework as a basis, a new framework will be developed in collaboration with the municipality and relevant actors to support the multidisciplinary, multi-sectorial approach of the Johanneberg district. The new framework will cover energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, built environment, material consumption, mobility, biodiversity, water, green spaces, noise and socio- economic dimensions. External factors, such as energy production or hot water production will be included and will provide an opportunity to collaborate with industrial partners in the municipality. While these factors contribute directly or indirectly to the climate impact of the district, they will provide a further understanding of the quality of life changes that may be added benefits of the climate impact reduction. Repartition of emissions for the average person in Gothenburg

page 31 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

The Challenge Lab Chalmers has recently established a Masters level initiative that allows students to develop advanced skills through education and research in tackling the type of challenge set by Johanneberg district Factor 10.

Challenge Lab, is an arena where students and triple The students are brought closer to industry and helix stakeholders come together to develop governmental organizations for learning about and transformative ideas and solutions for a sustainable carrying out research on the transformational and society, based on a challenge driven approach. With innovative solutions for different societal and Challenge Lab, Chalmers wants to develop new forms of environmental challenges. collaboration, involving students from multiple disciplines and researchers, collaborating within the five Challenge Lab is currently in a pilot phase where 12 knowledge clusters that have been identified in the students, from 6 Masters programs and 7 nationalities, Gothenburg region. The clusters are listed below. are working on challenges related to sustainable transportation. In the next phase the Challenge Lab will Urban futures be extended to other areas such as the built environment and energy, as well as material and The marine environment and maritime sector production. Transport solutions Green chemistry Life science

page 32 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship

Replication and upscaling of district building typologies A building stock model, based on typologies, is available to determine the replication and upscaling of the CO2 benefits of Climate-KIC and other innovations to other districts on national and European scales. Further, the Hammarkullen district, which is a disadvantaged area with poorer housing in dire need of refurbishment, will be considered for replication within Gothenburg.

Building typologies

Other Multi-family dwelling Rowhouse Semi-detached Single-family dwelling Mixed-use School / University Non-residential

page 33 Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship A building stock model is available to determine the replication and upscaling of the CO2 benefits of innovations to other districts on national and European scales. The model is based on building typologies following the EU building typology that has been introduced by the EU project Tabula and further developed in the EU project BEEM UP to calculate the energy and carbon emission reduction potential of ambitious energetic refurbishment measures on the European level. Earlier the building stock model has already been applied on a city level in Zurich/Switzerland, a feasibility study has been Replicable typologies conducted for the city of London and is currently applied in Gothenburg/Sweden. Although the Johanneberg district will also serve as a A country’s building stock is categorised into a number lighthouse to European districts through the SSD of building types (e.g. apartment block, office), flagship and through the Factor 10 aspiration, in construction periods or building cohorts (e.g. year of Gothenburg itself the team has identified the Northeast construction 1961 to 1975). Buildings from identical area as a further important replication area. The construction periods and style usually show similar Northeast is an area demonstrating the 1970’s rapid properties in size, building envelope quality, etc. For expansion into outlying area of the city. Known as the modelling purposes, each cohort is represented by an million program in Sweden these areas lie around the archetype building, from which it is assumed that it has major cities and have a disproportionate amount of representative properties for its cohort. This archetype poorer housing stock and integration issues. As the building then serves as a model building for calculating million program suggests, this type of housing space heat and hot water demand. The country´s represents a significant proportion of the building stock Energy demand is determined by a steady state, heating period space heat demand calculation, based on the Chalmers together with the University of Gothenburg European Standard EN 13790 (Energy performance of have an established centre within the Northeast in the buildings -- Calculation of energy use for space heating Hammarkullen district. This centre (the Centre for and cooling) and implemented in the TABULA project. Urban Studies) includes a learning studio where the Hot water demand is calculated following the focus is on the inclusion of the inhabitants in local methodology of the software PHPP (www.passiv.de). The design and planning processes with social capital being BEEM-UP model does an energy demand calculation for the multicultural environment. Hammarkullen is the respective archetype buildings before and after interesting as a district, bringing social inclusion into the refurbishment. Factor 10 process and aspiration. Hammarkullen represents an area where low housing costs make the In order to account for market barriers and other feasibility of regeneration and refurbishment a limitations in applicability, it is possible to introduce a challenge. Replication through the insights from transferability coefficient. This factor will reduce the Johanneberg may enable this process in impact of a given measure by 0 to 100%. For instance, Hammarkullen. certain insulation types may be applicable to only a part of a cohort’s buildings. Currently this factor is set to 100%, illustrating the overall potential of the refurbishment scenario.

The results, in kWh/m2year, are then multiplied with the cohort’s total floor area (m2), giving total energy demand per year, i.e. TWh/a. Summing up all of a country’s cohorts, gives the total demand for the respective building type.

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Creating a new business case out of the knowledge generated in districts Johanneberg district will provide a concept for the dramatic reduction in resource use and a new governance model for stakeholders to provide integrated planning. The consultancy company Tyréns reveal their ideas for a new business case for this concept, a business case that is for the benefit of people and society.

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Johanneberg District Factor 10 A candidate district for the Smart Sustainable Districts Climate-KIC flagship Tyréns' expertise within the urban and rural Our survival, as a consultant company, is based on development sector is founded on our collective ability transferring research results from the Academy into to cooperate and interact – with the academy, the new business models. R&D-projects, as well as input industry, the municipality, our customers and other from R&D-projects, are an important part of our actors in society. Planning and developing sustainable strategic work of developing the company for future and attractive districts and cities is a tremendous challenges. We have developed a business process for challenge for all parties. A good sustainable future is not our R&D activities, which includes all the steps from the just about tackling pollution and protecting endangered idea of the R&D project to implementation of the result species. It’s also about making everyday life liveable for in our business concept. This includes both the Swedish us all: human wellbeing, economic vitality, a safe market and our London-based international business. environment for our children and even the small things The steps in the business model are as follow: such as a pleasant view from the window. Relevance of the R&D project idea in our We consider that people, sustainable society, business including concurrency and market. functionality and design are the four pillars of urban Calculation of Business potential for Tyréns. planning services and advise on a wide spectrum of projects, ranging from small-scale concept sketches to Need of resources and competence for complex, large-scale infrastructure projects. As implementation of research results of technological consultants in the urban and rural operations. development sector, Tyréns supplies products and Plan and budget for implementation. services in response to the demands of our clients and Information plan. society. Decisions in Tyréns Management for approval. The expertise within Tyréns enables us to offer creative Implementation and follow-up on the project. solutions and advice in urban planning and regional development. This includes strategic advice along the Sven Tyrén, graduated from Chalmers Technological entire planning chain and provides environmental Collage in 1936 and founded Tyréns AB in 1942. He analysis for construction and development projects. Our was a visionary pioneer and an entrepreneur who strategists, planners, landscape architects and constantly strived for development and new ideas. He technical experts provide a comprehensive portfolio of questioned working methods and initiated changes that services tailored to specific needs – whether for new brought his own company to the fore of the business, construction or redevelopment projects. while keeping his focus on the business deal and increasing the profits of his company. The concept of the dramatic reduction in resource use on a district level and a new governance model for Tyréns today is one of Sweden´s leading stakeholders will give us knowledge of the integrated interdisciplinary entrepreneur in urban planning we planning and interaction between different detail areas specialize in planning and infrastructure solutions that such as energy, prevention of waste, storm water, promote sustainable development of the society. Tyréns landscaping and water design, green travel and is owned by a private foundation and has today 1300 transport, social dimensions and biodiversity indicators. employees, 20 offices nationwide and a London-based These detail areas will affect the human well-being partner, AKT II and a subsidiary Tari in Tartu, Estonia. aspects, technical solutions as well as economic and market aspects. Offering our client, municipalities and Tyréns is a unique company that carries on a tradition developers, interdisciplinary competences for the of long-term thinking and self-financed research and planning process at a district level will directly include development, having an owner who is not listed on the economic and social aspects in the planning process. stock market. Today, The Sven Tyrén Trust annually Working closely with the client, we will be able to finances a number of developing projects and the combine design with functionality, the environment and research of aspiring PhDs and professors in the technology to create sustainable design solutions that development of the sector and in combination with benefit people and all of society – always within cost, other financers. Examples of areas where Tyréns has environmental and functional parameters. funded R&D-projects are geophysical measurement methods, BIM, GIS, soil remediation, energy efficient Based on a planning context we will develop visual buildings, industrialized construction, reduce waste in platforms and business models for efficient sustainable the construction process. Tyréns of today follows the design solutions at the district level for each knowledge idea of Sven Tyrén –continuously developing new area as business models for integrated planning. business ideas as the output of research and Platforms and governance models will give us an developing projects and cooperation we are involved in. opportunity to continuously improve ideas; it will also Johanneberg is an outstanding test-bed for provide possibilities for follow-up activities and implementing research results as a business case, evaluation. which will fulfil the ideas of Sven Tyrén.

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