Richard feynman biografia pdf

Continue Richard Feynman (1918-1988) was an American theoretical physicist who was born in New York And is often remembered as one of the most prominent and influential physicists of the second half of the 20th century. Richard Feynman graduated in physics in 1939 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). In his coursework, he proposed a new way of calculating intermolecular forces. In 1942, he received his doctorate from Princeton University. His dissertation included an approach to quantum mechanics in accordance with the principle of physics known as the principle of minimal action. Feynman's method allowed to calculate the probability of all possible paths that a particle can pass through, based on interactions between it and its surroundings. In the picture, we look at some of the Feynman diagrams that are known to facilitate complex calculations. Richard Feynman's legacy is vast. The physicist receives several achievements that are crucial for the development of modern physics. The most important of these are the corrections he made in 1948 in the first theoretical formulations of quantum electrodynamics. The quantum electrodynamics was used to describe the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and charged subatomic particles such as protons and electrons, and therefore became fundamental to understanding a wide range of physical phenomena. Feynman's chart Is another great achievement of this physics touches on a tool he created, known as the Feynman Chart. Feynman's diagrams are relatively simple visual devices that make it much easier to visualize extremely complex equations, making it much easier to solve problems related to particle interaction. Don't stop now... There's more after the ;) Richard Feynman and the Atomic Bomb during World War II, Feynman became one of the Princeton University employees who studied the atomic bomb and then went on to study it in a secret laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. In this laboratory, Feiman was selected as the new head of the theoretical division of the Manhattan Project. See also: The connection between Einstein and Feynman's atomic bomb and the phenomenon of superfluidity around 1950, when Professor Richard Feynman of California Institute of Technology (Caltech) was able to explain with quantum mechanics the theory of superfluidity proposed by Soviet physicist Leo Davidovich Landau (1908-1968). According to Landau's theory, liquid helium has become ultra-liquid the temperature is close to absolute zero (-273.15 oC). Radioactive Decay In 1958, together with the American physicist Murray Gell-Mann Feynman developed a theory that explained radioactive decay associated with one of the fundamental forces of nature known as weak force. While working on a particle accelerator at Stanford University, Feynman created the concept of parton, a hypothetical nuclear particle whose design contributed to the modern understanding of quarks. See also: Some of the physics discoveries that emerged coincidentally the Nobel Prize in Physics 1965 Feynman Lectures at Caltech have been transformed into a series of books ranging from the theme of basic physics to quantum electrodynamics. These books became a benchmark for students and reached the level of classics of scientific literature. In 1965, Feynman was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics along with physicists Shin-Ichiro Tomonaga and Julian Schweringer, according to the official website of the prize: The 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded jointly to Sin-Ichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard. Feynman for their fundamental work in the field of quantum electrodynamics, with profound consequences for elementary particles. 1 to 1 euro Richard Feynman and Richard Feynman of NASA became known to the public in 1986, when he was asked to join the commission that was to investigate the disaster, which occurred during the launch of the space shuttle Challenger, which exploded, killing seven astronauts. Richard Feynman demonstrated in a television show that the failures of the launch could have been avoided had the very low temperature that morning been accounted for by NASA engineers. Feynman's death died in 1988 after a long battle with cancer. However, its popularity continued to grow, in part, due to the publication of two autobiographical collections in 1990. See also: Who Was and What Did Stephen Hawking, one of today's Greatest Physicists Notes the Nobel Prize in Physics 1965. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Fry, fri, fries. January 24, 2020. Rafael Helerbrock Professor of Physics Feynman redirects here. For other purposes, see Feynman (disambiguation). American theoretical physicist (1918-1988) Richard FeynmanFeinman c. 1965RegeneraRichard Phillips Feynman (1918-05-11)11 May 1918New York, USA DiedFebruary 15, 1988 (1988-02-15) (age 69 years) Los Angeles U.S.Resting PlaceMountain View Cemetery and Mausoleum, Altadena, California, USA Other namesDDYK Feynman (Ph.D. 1'Alma materMassachusetts Institute of Technology (S.B. 1939)Princeton University (Ph.D. 1942)Known for the Manhattan Project Acoustic Wave Equation Beth-Feinman Formula Feynmandiagrams Feynman gauge Feynman–Kac formula Feynman parametrization Feynman point Feynman propagator Feynman slash notation Feynman sprinkler Hellmann–Feynman theorem V−A theory Brownian ratchet Feynman–Stueckelberg interpretation Nanotechnology One-electron universe Parton Path integral formulation Playing the bongos Quantum cellular automata Quantum computing Quantum electrodynamics Quantum hydrodynamics Quantum turbulence Rogers Commission Shaft passer Sticky bead argument Synthetic molecular motor The Feynman Lectures on Physics Universal quantum simulator Vortex ring model Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory Spouse(s)Arline Greenbaum (m. 1941; died 1945) Mary Louise Bell (m. 1952 – 1956) Gweneth Howarth (m. 1960) Children2Awards Albert Einstein Award (1954) E. O. Lawrence Award (1962) Nobel Prize in Physics (1965) Foreign Member of the Royal Society (1965) Oersted Medal (1972) National Medal of Science (1979) Scientific careerFieldsTheoretical physicsInstitutionsCornell UniversityCalifornia Institute of TechnologyThesisThe Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics (1942)Doctoral advisorJohn Archibald WheelerDoctoral students James M. Bardeen Laurie Mark Brown Thomas Curtright Albert Hibbs Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz George Zweig Other notable students Robert Barro W. Daniel Hillis Douglas D. Osheroff Paul Steinhardt Stephen Wolfram Signature Richard Phillips Feynman ForMemRS (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 - February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work on the path of integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, the physics of superfluid liquid helium, as well as his work in particle physics, for which he proposed a part-time model. For his contribution to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965 with Julian Schweringer and Shinichiro Tomonago. Feynman developed a widely used diagram of the pictorial representation of mathematical expressions describing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as the Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the most famous scientists in the world. In 1999, in a survey of 130 leading physicists in the world, conducted by the British magazine Physics World, he entered the top ten greatest physicists of all time. He helped develop the atomic bomb during World War II and became known to the public in the 1980s as a member of the Rogers Commission, the group that investigated the Challenger shuttle disaster. Along with his work in theoretical physics, Feynman was credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing and introducing the concept of nanotechnology. He was a professor of theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology. was a great promoter of physics through books and lectures, including a 1959 talk from top-down nanotechnology called There's plenty of room at the bottom and a three-volume publication of his student lectures, Feynman's lectures on physics. Feynman also became known for his semi-automatic books Of course you're joking, Mr. Feynman! and what do you care what other people think?, and books written about it, such as Tuva or bust! Ralph Leighton and the biography of Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman James Gleick. Feynman's early life was born on May 11, 1918, in queens, New York, at the age of 3 in the birth of Lucille Phillips, and Melville Arthur Feynman, a sales manager, originally from Minsk in Belarus (then part of the Russian Empire). Feynman was a late talkative, and didn't speak until after his third birthday. As an adult, he spoke with a New York accent strong enough to be perceived as affectation or exaggeration - so much so that his friends Wolfgang Pauli and Hans Bethe once noticed that Feynman was talking like a boom. The young Feynman was strongly influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge Orthodox thinking, and who was always willing to teach Feynman something new. From his mother, he got a sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had the talent of an engineer, supported an experimental laboratory in his home, and was delighted with the repair of the radio. When he was in elementary school, he set up a home security alarm while his parents were on day running errands. When Richard was five years old, his mother gave birth to a younger brother, Henry Phillips, who died at the age of four weeks. Four years later, Richard's sister Joan was born, and the family moved to Far Rockaway, queens. Although Joan and Richard were separated for nine years, they were both close, and they both shared a curiosity about the world. Although their mother believed that women lacked the ability to understand such things, Richard encouraged Joan's interest in astronomy, and Joan eventually became an astrophysicist. Feynman's parents were both Jewish families but not religious, and by his youth Feynman described himself as an acute atheist. Years later, in a letter to Tina Levitan, a request for information for her book about Jewish Nobel laureates, he stated: To choose, to reduce the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish erdost, to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory, adding: In thirteen years I was not only transformed into other religious views , but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way an elected people. Later, during a visit to the Jewish Theological Seminary, he first encountered the Talmud. He saw that he contained the original in a small square on the page, and surrounding it were comments written over time by different people. Thus, the Talmud evolved, and everything that was discussed was carefully recorded. Despite the fact that Feynman was impressed by the lack of interest in nature and the outside world on the part of the rabbis, who cared only about the issues that arise in the Talmud. Feynman attended Far Rockaway High School, a school in Far Rockaway, queens, which also included Nobel laureates Burton Richter and Baruch Samuel Bloomberg. Starting school, Feynman was quickly promoted to a higher grade in mathematics. The intelligence test introduced in high school rated his intelligence rate at 125, but just respectable, according to biographer James Gleick. His sister Joan did better, which allowed her to claim that she was smarter. Years later, he refused to join Mensa International, saying his intelligence ratio was too low. Physicist Steve Hsu said of the test: I suspect that this test emphasized verbal, as opposed to mathematical, ability. Feynman got the highest score in the United States by a wide margin on the notoriously difficult Putnam math exam contest... He also had the highest scores on record for math/physics graduate entrance exams at Princeton... Feynman's cognitive abilities may have been a bit lopsided... I remember looking at excerpts from a laptop Feynman kept while a student... It contained a number of spelling errors and grammatical errors. I doubt Feynman cared a lot about these things. When Feynman was 15 years old, he learned trigonometry, advanced algebra, endless series, analytical geometry, differential and integral calculus. Before going to college, he experimented with mathematical topics such as semi-production, using his own notation. He created special symbols for logariths, sinus, oblique and tangent functions so that they did not look like three variables multiplied together, and for derivatives to eliminate the temptation to undo d'displaystyle d's. His habit to a straight characteristic sometimes rattled more ordinary thinkers; for example, one of his questions, when studying cat anatomy, was you have a cat map? (referring to the anatomical diagram). Feynman applied to Columbia University, but was not accepted because of their quota for the number of Jews accepted. Instead, he attended MIT, where he joined the P. Lambda Oph fraternity. Although he was originally a major in mathematics, he later switched to electrical engineering because he thought mathematics was too abstract. Noticing that he had gone too He then switched to physics, which he said was somewhere else. As a student, he published two articles in the Journal of Physical Review. One of them, written in collaboration with Manuel Vallarta, was called The Scattering of Cosmic Rays by the Stars of the Galaxy. Vallarta let his student into the secret of publishing a protege mentor: the name of the senior scientist in the first place. Feynman took revenge a few years later when Heisenberg concluded an entire book about cosmic rays with the phrase: Such an effect should not be expected for Vallarta and Feynman. When they met the next time, Feynman happily asked if Vallart had seen Heisenberg's book. Vallarta knew why Feynman was smiling. Yes, he replied. You're the last word in the cosmic rays. The other was his senior dissertation, Forces in Molecules, based on the idea of John S. Slater, who was impressed enough by the newspaper to publish it. Today he is known as The Hellman-Feynman theorem. In 1939, Feynman received his bachelor's degree and was named Putnam Fellow. He achieved the perfect score in the entrance exams at Princeton University in Physics - an unprecedented feat and an outstanding score in mathematics, but poor in history and English. The head of the physics department there, Henry D. Smith, had another concern, writing to Philip M. Morse to ask: Is Feynman Jewish? We don't have a certain rule against Jews, but we have to keep their share in our department small enough because of the difficulties in placing them. Morse acknowledged that Feynman was indeed Jewish, but assured Smith that Feynman's physiognomy and manner, however, show no trace of this characteristic. Among the participants of Feynman's first seminar, which was devoted to the classical version of Wheeler-Feynman's absorbent theory, were Albert Einstein, Wolfgang Pauli and John von Neumann. Pauli made a prophetic comment that the theory would be extremely difficult to quantify, and Einstein said that one might try to apply this method to gravity in the general theory of relativity, which Sir Fred Hoyle and Jayant Narlikar did much later, as the Theory of Gravity Hoyle-Narlikar. Feynman received his doctorate from Princeton in 1942; his dissertation adviser was John Archibald Wheeler. In his doctoral dissertation entitled The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics, Feynman applied the principle of stationary action to the problems of quantum mechanics, inspired by the desire to quantify the theory of the electrodynamics of the Wheeler-Feynman shock absorber, and laid the groundwork for the holistic formulation of The Way and Feynman's Diagrams. The key understanding was that positrons behaved like electrons moving back in time. James Gleick wrote: It was Richard Feynman approaching the crest of his powers. At twenty-three ... there may now have been no physics on that could fit his exuberant command over native materials of theoretical science. It wasn't just an object in math (although it became clear... that the mathematical mechanism emerging in the wheeler-feinman collaboration was beyond Wheeler's own ability). Feynman seemed to possess a frightening ease with the substance behind the equations, like Einstein at the same age as Soviet physicist Leo Landau, but few others. One of the conditions of Feynman's scholarship to Princeton was that he could not get married; however, he continued to see his school sweetheart, Arlene Greenbaum, and was determined to marry her as soon as he was awarded a doctorate, despite knowing that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis. It was an incurable disease at the time and she should not have lived more than two years. On June 29, 1942, they boarded a ferry to Staten Island, where they married at the city office. Neither family nor friends attended the ceremony, and she was watched by a couple of strangers. Feynman could only kiss Arlene on the cheek. After the ceremony, he took her to Deborah Hospital, where he visited her on weekends. The Manhattan project Feynman Los Alamos ID icon In 1941, with World War II raging in Europe, but the United States is not yet at war, Feynman spent the summer working on ballistic issues at Frankford Arsenal in Pennsylvania. After the war attack on Pearl Harbor, Feynman was recruited by Robert R. Wilson, who worked on enriched uranium for use in the atomic bomb as part of what would become the Manhattan Project. At the time, Feynman did not receive a college degree. Wilson's team at Princeton was working on a device called isotron designed to separate uranium-235 from uranium-238. This was done in a very different way than the one used by calutron, which was being developed by a team led by Wilson's former mentor, Ernest O. Lawrence, at the University of California Radiation Laboratory. On paper, the isotron was many times more effective than calutron, but Feynman and Paul Olum isoman isoman tried to determine whether it was practical. Ultimately, on Lawrence's recommendation, the isotron project was abandoned. At this stage, in early 1943, Robert Oppenheimer created the Los Alamos Laboratory, a secret laboratory on meza in New Mexico, where atomic bombs will be designed and built. An offer was made to Princeton's team to redeploy there. Like a bunch of professional soldiers, Wilson later recalled: We signed, en masse, to go to Los Alamos. Like many young physicists, Feynman soon fell under the spell of the charismatic Oppenheimer, who called Feynman a long distance from Chicago to tell him what he had found. in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for Arlene. They were among the first to travel to New Mexico by train on March 28, 1943. The railroad provided Arlene with a wheelchair, and Feynman paid extra for a private room for her. In Los Alamos, Feynman was appointed to the Theoretical (T) division of Hans Bethe and impressed Beth enough to become the group leader. He and Beth developed the Beth Feynman formula to calculate the yield of a fissile bomb built on Robert Serber's previous work. As a junior physicist, he was not central to the project. He ran a computer group of human computers in a theoretical unit. Together with Stanley Frankel and Nicholas Metropolis, he helped create IBM's perforated map system for computing. He invented a new method of calculating logariths, which he later used on the Connection Machine. Other works in Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for Los Alamos Water Boiler, a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close the fissile material assembly is to criticality. After completing this work, Feynman was assigned to Clinton's engineering plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, where the Manhattan Project had its own uranium enrichment facilities. He assisted engineers in developing materials storage safety procedures so that critical accidents could be avoided, especially when enriched uranium with water that acted as a moderator of neutrons. He insisted that ordinary people give a lecture on nuclear physics so that they could understand the danger. He explained that while any amount of unlogized uranium could be safely stored, enriched uranium should be carefully processed. He has developed a number of safety recommendations for different enrichment classes. He was told that if people in Oak Ridge put him in any way at risk with his proposals, he would have to tell them that Los Alamos cannot be held responsible for their safety otherwise. In the 1946 colloquium at Super at Los Alamos Laboratory. Feynman is in the second row, fourth from left, next to Oppenheimer Return to Los Alamos, Feynman was put at the head of the group responsible for theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which ultimately proved unfeasible. He was asked by physicist Nils Bohr for one-on-one conversations. He later discovered a reason: most other physicists were too enthusiastic about Bohr to argue with him. Feynman had no such prohibitions, vigorously pointing out everything he thought was wrong in Bohr's thinking. He said he felt the same respect for Bohr as everyone else, but once someone made him talk about physics, he would become so focused that he forgot about the social intricacies. Maybe that's why Bohr didn't warm Feynman. In Los Alamos, which was to ensure safety, Feynman amused himself by exploring the combination locks on the cupboards and tables of physicists. He often found that they left lock combinations on factory settings, recorded combinations or used easily guessable combinations such as dates. He found a combination of one closet, trying the numbers he thought a physicist could use (it turned out to be 27-18-28 after the founding of natural logarithms, e 2.71828 ...), and found that the three cabinets where a colleague kept research notes were all the same combination. He left notes in the closets like a prank, scaring his colleague, Frederick de Hoffmann, thinking the spy had gained access to them. Feynman's monthly salary of $380 was about half the amount required for his modest living expenses and Arlene's medical bills, and they were forced to dip into her $3,300 savings. On weekends, he drove to Albuquerque to see Arlene in a car borrowed from his friend Klaus Fuchs. Asked who in Los Alamos was most likely a spy, Fuchs mentioned Feynman's safe cracking and frequent trips to Albuquerque; Fuchs himself later confessed to spying for the Soviet Union. The FBI would have compiled a cumbersome file on Feynman, especially given Feynman's permission. Feynman (center) with Robert Oppenheimer (immediately right of Feynman) at the Los Alamos Social Function Laboratory during the Manhattan Project Reported that Arlene was dying, Feynman drove to Albuquerque and sat with her for several hours until she died on June 16, 1945. He then immersed himself in the project and attended the Trinity nuclear test. Feynman claimed that the only person to see the explosion was without very dark glasses or welder lenses provided, reasoning that it was safe to look through the windshield of the truck, as it would screen harmful ultraviolet radiation. The huge brightness of the explosion forced his duck to the floor of the truck, where he saw a temporary purple splotch afterimage. Cornell Feynman nominally met at the University of Wisconsin-Madison as an assistant professor of physics, but was on unpaid leave during his participation in the Manhattan Project. In 1945, he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingram of the College of Writing and Science asking him to return to university to teach the following academic year. His appointment was not renewed when he was not going to return. In his conversation given there a few years later, Feynman joked: It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the common sense to fire me. On October 30, 1943, Beth wrote to Cornell University's Physics Department to recommend that Feynman be hired. On February 28, 1944, this was endorsed by Robert Bacher, also of Cornell, and one of the most senior scientists in Los Angeles. This led to a proposal made in August 1944, which Feynman accepted. Oppenheimer also hoped to recruit Feynman to the University of California, but physics chief Raymond T. Birge was reluctant. He proposed to Feynman in May 1945, but Feynman rejected it. Cornell matched his salary offer of $3,900 a year. Feynman was one of the first leaders of the Los Alamos Laboratory group to depart for Ithaca, New York, in October 1945. Since Feynman no longer worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory, he was no longer exempt from conscription. During his induction, psychiatrists of the physical army diagnosed Feynman as suffering from mental illness and the army gave him a 4-F exception on mental grounds. His father died suddenly on October 8, 1946, and Feynman suffered from depression. On October 17, 1946, he wrote a letter to Arlene expressing his deep love and sorrow. The letter was sealed and opened only after his death. Please excuse me for not mailing this, he concluded, but I don't know your new address. Unable to focus on research, Feynman began to solve the problems of physics not for the sake of usefulness, but for the sake of self-satisfaction. One was related to the physics analysis of a swirling, nutty disk as it was moving through the air, inspired by an incident at a cafeteria in Cornell when someone threw a dinner plate into the air. He read the work of Sir William Rowan Hamilton on quaternias and tried unsuccessfully to use them to formulate a relativistic electron theory. His work during this period, which used rotational equations to express different rotational speeds, ultimately proved important to his Nobel Prize work, but because he felt burned out and turned his attention to less-at-once practical problems, he was surprised by the suggestions of professors from other renowned universities, including the Institute for Advanced Studies, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of California, Berkeley. Feynman's diagram of the destruction of electrons/positrons Feynman was not the only disillusioned theoretical physicist in the first postwar years. The quantum electrodynamics suffered from endless integrations in the theory of perturbation. These were the obvious mathematical flaws of the theory over which Feynman and Wheeler tried unsuccessfully to circumvent. Theorists, noted Murray Gell-Mann, were in disgrace. In June 1947, leading American physicists met at shelter Island. For Feynman, it was his first big conference with big men... I never went to one like this in peacetime. The problems of quantum electrodynamics were discussed, but theorists were completely overshadowed by the advances of the experimenters, who reported the discovery of the Lamb shift, measurement moment of the electron, and Robert Marshak's hypothesis of two mesons. Beth took the lead in Hans Kramers' work and brought out the renormal non-religious quantum equation for the Lamb shift. The next step was to create a relativistic version. Feynman thought he could do it, but when he returned to Beth with his decision, he didn't converge. Feynman again worked carefully, applying the holistic formulation of the path he used in his dissertation. Like Beth, he made a solid end by applying the cut-off time. The result matched Beth's version. Feynman presented his work to his colleagues at a conference in Pocono in 1948. It wasn't going well. Julian Schwinger gave a long view of his work in quantum electrodynamics, and Feynman then offered his version entitled Alternative Formulation of quantum electrodynamics. Feynman's unfamiliar diagrams, used for the first time, puzzled the audience. Feynman was unable to bring his point of view, and Paul Dirac, Edward Teller and Niels Bohr all raised objections. At least one thing was clear to Freeman Dyson: Shin'ichiro Tomonaga, Schwinger, and Feynman understood what they were talking about, even if no one else did anything but published anything. He was convinced that Feynman's wording was easier to understand, and eventually managed to convince Oppenheimer that this was the case. In 1949, Dyson published an article in which new rules were added to Feynman's article, which talked about how to carry out renormalization. Feynman was asked to publish his ideas in Physical Review in a series of articles within three years. His 1948 work on Relativistic Blackout for Classical Electrodynamics tried to explain how he couldn't get to Pocono. His 1949 article on the Theory of Positrons was addressed to Schroedinger's equation and Dirac's equation and presented what is now called Feynman's propaganda. Finally, in his work on Mathematical Formulation of quantum theory of electromagnetic interaction in 1950 and The Calculus Operator, which has application in quantum electrodynamics in 1951, he developed a mathematical basis of his ideas, brought out familiar formulas and put forward new ones. While other newspapers initially referred to Schwinger, articles citing Feynman and the use of Feynman's diagrams emerged in 1950 and soon became widespread. Students learned and used a powerful new tool created by Feynman. Computer programs were later written to calculate Feynman's diagrams, providing a tool of unprecedented power. Such programs can be written because Feynman's diagrams are a formal language with formal grammar. Mark How presented official summation evidence in the story, showing that the parabolic partial differential equation could be re-examined how the sum in different stories (i.e., is, operator expectations), what is now known as the Feynman-How formula, whose use goes beyond physics for many uses of stoast processes. For Schwinger, however, Feynman's diagram was pedagogy, not physics. By 1949, Feynman had become restless at Cornell. He never settled in a particular house or apartment, living in guest houses or student dormitories, or with married friends until those arrangements became sexually unstable. He liked to meet students, hire prostitutes and sleep with the wives of friends. He did not like the cold winter weather of Ithaca and yearns for a warmer climate. First of all, at Cornell, he was always in the shadow of Hans Bethe. Despite all this, Feynman looked back sympathetically at Telluride's house, where he lived most of his career at Cornell. In an interview he described Dom as a group of boys who were specially selected because of their scholarships, because of their wits or what it is like to get a free board and shelter and so on, because of their brains. He enjoyed the convenience of the house and said that's where I did the fundamental work for which he won the Nobel Prize. In July 1949, Feynman spent several weeks in Caltech. That same year, the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb, raising concerns about espionage. Fuchs was arrested as a Soviet spy in 1950, and the FBI questioned Beth about Feynman's loyalty. Physicist David Bom was arrested on December 4, 1950, and emigrated to Brazil in October 1951. Because of fears of nuclear war, a friend told Feynman that he should also consider moving to South America. He had a vacation for 1951-1952, and decided to spend it in Brazil, where he gave courses at Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas F'sicas. In Brazil, Feynman was impressed with samba music and learned to play the frigide, a metal percussion instrument based on a frying pan (frigideira pt). He was an enthusiastic amateur player on the drums of bongos and conga and often played them in pit orchestras in musicals. He spent time in Rio with his friend Bom, but Bom could not convince Feynman to explore Bom's physics ideas. Feynman did not return to Cornell. Bacher, who was instrumental in bringing Feynman to Cornell, lured him to the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). Part of the deal was that he could spend his first year on vacation in Brazil. He was struck by Mary Louise Bell of Neodesha, Kansas. They met at a cafe in Cornell, where she studied mexican art and textiles. She later followed him to Caltech, where he gave a lecture. While he was in Brazil, she taught history classes furniture and interiors at Michigan State University. He proposed to her in the mail from Rio de Janeiro, often quarreling, and she was terrified of his violent temper. Their policy was different; although he registered and voted as a Republican, she was more conservative, and her opinion of the 1954 Oppenheimer Security Hearing (Where There's Smoke There Fire) offended him. They separated on May 20, 1956. An interim divorce decree was issued on 19 June 1956 on the grounds of extreme cruelty. The divorce became final on May 5, 1958. He begins to work with calculus problems in his head as soon as he wakes up. He made a calculus while driving in his car, sitting in the living room, and lying in bed at night. Mary Louise Bell, a complaint about divorce after the 1957 crisis in Sputnik, the U.S. government's interest in science has grown for a while. Feynman was considered for a position on the President's Advisory Committee on Science, but was not appointed. At this time, the FBI interviewed a woman close to Feynman, possibly Mary Lou, who sent a written statement to Edgar Hoover on August 8, 1958: I don't know, but I believe that Richard Feynman is either a communist or very much pro-communist - and as such is a very specific security risk. This man, in my opinion, is an extremely complex and dangerous person, a very dangerous person to have in a position of public trust ... In matters of intrigue Richard Feynman, I believe to be a very intelligent, truly genius, and he is, I further believe, utterly ruthless, unhampered by morality, ethics or religion, and will stop at absolutely nothing to achieve his goals. However, the U.S. government sent Feynman to the Atoms for Peace conference in September 1958. On the beach at a watering house in St. Petersburg, he met Gweneth Howarth, who was from Ripponden, Yorkshire, and worked in Switzerland as an au pair. Feynman's love life was tumultuous after his divorce; His previous girlfriend left with the Albert Einstein Medal Award and, on the advice of an earlier girlfriend, feigned pregnancy and blackmailed him into paying for an abortion and then used the money to buy furniture. When Feynman discovered that Howarth was paying only $25 a month, he offered her $20 a week to be his live maid. Feynman knew that such behavior was illegal under the Mann Act, so he had a friend, Matthew Sands, to act as its sponsor. Howarth noted that she already had two boyfriends, but she decided to accept Feynman at his suggestion, and arrived in Altadena, California, in June 1959. She made a point of dating other people, but Feynman proposed in the early 1960s. They married on September 24, 1960, at the Huntington Hotel in Pasadena. They had a son, Carl, in 1962, and adopted a daughter, Michelle, in In addition to their home in Altadena, they had a beach house in Baja California, bought with the money of the Nobel Feynman Prize. Feynman tried marijuana and ketamine in tanks with John Lilly's sensory deprivation as a way of studying consciousness. He gave up alcohol when he began to show vague early signs of alcoholism because he did not want to do anything that might damage his brain. Despite his curiosity about hallucinations, he did not want to experiment with LSD. In 1968 and in 1972 there were protests over his alleged sexism, but there is no evidence that he discriminated against women. Feynman recalled protesters entering the hall and picketing a lecture he was going to do in San Francisco, calling him a sexist pig. After seeing the protesters as Feynman later recalled the incident, he turned to institutional sexism, saying that women do suffer from prejudice and discrimination in physics. Physics in Caltech, Feynman explored the physics of super-fluid helium, where helium seems to demonstrate a complete lack of viscosity when flowing. Feynman gave a quantum-mechanical explanation of the theory of superfluidity of Soviet physicist Leo Landau. The application of the Schroedinger equation to the question showed that the superfluid reflects the quantum-mechanical behavior observed on a macroscopic scale. This helped with the problem of superconductivity, but the decision eluded Feynman. It was solved with the BCS superconductivity theory proposed by John Bardin, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer in 1957. Richard Feynman of Robert Treat Paine Estate in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1984, inspired by a desire to quantify the theory of the electrodynamics of the agent Wheeler-Feynman, laid the groundwork for the integral formulation of the path and Feynman's diagrams. Together with Murray Gell-Mann, Feynman developed a model of weak decay that showed that the current compound in the process is a combination of vector and settled currents (an example of a weak decay is the breakdown of the neutron into an electron, proton and antineutrino). Although E.K. George Sudarshan and Robert Marshak developed the theory almost simultaneously, Feynman's collaboration with Murray Gell-Mann was seen as fundamental, because the weak interaction was neatly described by vector and axial currents. Thus, it combined enrico Fermi's 1933 beta decay theory with an explanation for the breakdown of parity. Feynman tried to explain, called the party model, the strong interactions governing the scattering of the nucleon. The part-time model was an addition to the quark model developed by Gell-Mann. The relationship between the two models was bleak; Gell- Mann called Feinman's party a mockery. In the mid-1960s, physicists believed that quarks were only For symmetrical numbers, not real particles; Omega-minus statistics, if it were interpreted as three identical strange quarks connected to each other, would seem impossible if the quarks were real. SlAC National Accelerator Laboratory's deep, indecipherable scattering experiments in the late 1960s showed that nucleons (protons and neutrons) contained point particles that dissipate electrons. Naturally identify them with quarks, but Feynman's party model tried to interpret the experimental data in a way that did not introduce additional hypotheses. For example, data showed that about 45% of the pulse energy is carried by electrically neutral particles in the nucleon. These electrically neutral particles are now seen as gluons that carry forces between quarks, and their three-value color quantum number solves the omega-minus problem. Feynman does not dispute the quark model; for example, when the fifth quark was discovered in 1977, Feynman immediately indicated to his disciples that the discovery implied the existence of a sixth quark, which was discovered ten years after his death. After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. Similar to the photon that rotates 1, it explored the effects of free mass spin 2 fields and brought out Einstein's field equation of general relativity, but a little more. The computational device that Feynman discovered then for gravity, ghosts that are particles in his inner diagrams that have an incorrect connection between spin and statistics, proved invaluable in explaining the behavior of quantum particles of Jan-Mills theories, such as quantum chromodynamics and electro-weak theory. He worked on all four forces of nature: electromagnetic, weak force, strong force and gravity. John and Maria Gribbin put it in their book on Feynman that no one else has made such an influential contribution to the study of all four interactions. Partly as a way to engage the public in the progress of physics, Feynman offered $1,000 prizes for two of his nanotechnology tasks; one claimed William McLellan and the other was Tom Newman. Feynman was also interested in the relationship between physics and computing. He was also one of the first scientists to conceived the possibility of quantum computers. In the 1980s, he began spending the summer working at Think Machines Corporation, helping to build some of the first parallel supercomputers and considering building quantum computers. In 1984-1986, he developed a method of variation to approximate path integrations, which led to a powerful method of converting various perturbations into converged strong extensions perturbation theory) and, as a result, to the most accurate definition of critical indicators measured in satellite experiments. Educated in the early 1960s, Feynman joined the request to decorate the teaching of students in Caltech. After three years dedicated to this task, he prepared a series of lectures that later became Feynman lectures on physics. He wanted the image of the drum head sprinkled with powder to show the vibration modes at the beginning of the book. Worried about the links to drugs and rock 'n' roll that can be made from the image, the publishers changed the cover to plain red, although they included his image playing drums in the foreword. For several years, two physicists, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, took part in Feynman's physics lectures. Although books have not been accepted by universities as textbooks, they continue to sell well because they provide a deep understanding of physics. Many of his lectures and various conversations have been turned into other books, including The Character of Physical Law, The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Statistical Mechanics, Lectures on Gravity and Feynman's Lectures on Computing. Feynman wrote about his experience teaching physics in Brazil. Students' learning habits and Portuguese textbooks were so devoid of any context or applications for information that Feynman said students did not study physics at all. At the end of the year, Feynman was asked to give a lecture on his teaching experience, and he agreed to do so, provided he could speak frankly, which he did. Feynman opposed mechanical learning or thoughtless memorization and other teaching methods that emphasized form over function. Clear thinking and clear-line are fundamental prerequisites for his attention. It would be dangerous to even approach him unprepared, and he did not forget fools and challengers. In 1964, he served on the California Curriculum Commission, which was responsible for approving textbooks to be used by schools in California. He wasn't impressed with what he found. Many mathematical texts covered subjects that were used only by pure mathematicians in the New Mathematics. Elementary students are taught about sets, but: It may surprise most people who have studied these textbooks to discover that the symbol ∪ or ∩ representing union and crossing sets and special use of brackets and so on, all the complex notations for kits that are given in these books, almost never appear in any work in theoretical physics, in engineering, in business arifmics, in computer science where math is used. I see no need or reason for all this to be explained or taught at school. is not a useful way to express yourself. This is not a convincing and easy way. It is claimed that it is accurate but accurate, for what purpose? In April 1966, Feynman made an address to the National Association of Science Teachers, in which he suggested that students think as scientists, be open, curious and especially doubtful. During the lecture he gave the definition of science, which, according to him, took place in several stages. The evolution of intelligent life on planet Earth is a creature such as cats that play and learn from experience. The evolution of people who came to use language to transfer knowledge from one person to the next, so that knowledge was not lost when a person died. Unfortunately, incorrect knowledge can be passed on as well as the correct knowledge, so another step was needed. Galileo and others began to doubt the truth of what was conveyed and explore ab initio, from the experience that the true situation was -- it was science. In 1974, Feynman made an address on the topic of the cult of goods, which has a semblance of science, but is only pseudoscience because of the lack of a kind of scientific integrity, the principle of scientific thought, which corresponds to some complete honesty on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduation class that the first principle is that you don't have to fool yourself and you are the easiest person to cheat. So you have to be very careful with that. Once you have not deceived yourself, it is easy not to deceive other scientists. You just have to be honest in the usual way after that. Feynman served as a doctoral student for 31 students. In 1977, Feynman supported his colleague Genizh La Belle, who was hired as Caltech's first female professor in 1969, and sued the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission after she was denied the post in 1974. The EEOC ruled against Caltech in 1977, adding that La Belle was paid less than male counterparts. La Belle finally got his term in office in 1979. Many of Feynman's colleagues were surprised that he had stepped in her direction. He met La Belle and both loved and admired her. Of course you're joking, Mr. Feynman! Main article: Of course you're joking, Mr. Feynman! In the 1960s, Feynman thought about writing an autobiography and began interviewing historians. In the 1980s, working with Ralph Leighton (son of Robert Leighton), he recorded chapters on an audiotape that Ralph deciphered. The book was published in 1985 as of course you're kidding, Mr. Feynman! and became a bestseller. Gell-Mann was upset by Feynman's account of the weak interaction and threatened to sue, resulting in a correction inserted into later editions. The incident was only the latest provocation in decades two scientists. Gell-Mann often expressed disappointment at The Feynman's attention; He remarked, Feynman was a great scientist, but he spent a lot of his time making anecdotes about himself. Feynman was criticized for a chapter in a book called You Just Ask Them, where he describes how he learned to seduce women in the bar he went to in the summer of 1946. The mentor taught him to ask the woman if she would sleep with him before buying her anything. He describes seeing women in a bar as bitches in his thoughts, and tells the story of how he told a woman named Anne that You're worse than a whore after Anne convinced him to buy her sandwiches by telling him he would eat them at her house, but then, after he bought them, saying they really couldn't eat together because the other person was walking; later that evening Anne returned to the bar to take Feynman to her. At the end of the chapter, Feynman states that this behavior was not typical of him: This worked even with an ordinary girl! But no matter how effective the lesson was, I never used it after that. I didn't like doing it that way. But it was interesting to know that everything worked much differently than the way I was brought up. Challenger Disaster Main Article: The Shuttle Challenger Disaster 1986 Shuttle Challenger Disaster When invited to join the Rogers Commission that investigated the Challenger disaster, Feynman was hesitant. The country's capital, he told his wife, was for me a great world of mystery, with great strength. But she convinced him to leave, saying he might discover something that others had overlooked. Since Feynman has not shied away from blaming NASA for the disaster, he has clashed with politically savvy commission chairman William Rogers, a former secretary of state. During a break in one hearing, Rogers said commission member Neil Armstrong, Feynman was getting pain in. During a televised hearing, Feynman demonstrated that the material used in the shuttle's O-rings became less resistant in cold weather, squeezing the sample material into a clamp and immersing it in icy water. The commission eventually determined that the crash was caused by the primary O-ring without being sealed properly in unusually cold weather at Cape Canaveral. Feynman dedicated the second half of his book,s What Do You Care About What Other People Think? to his experience at the Rogers Commission, deviating from his usual convention of brief, light-hearted anecdotes to deliver an extended and sober story. Feynman's account shows a gap between NASA engineers and executives that was far brighter than he expected. His interviews with senior NASA managers revealed a startling misunderstanding of elementary concepts. For example, NASA executives have argued that There was a 1 in 100,000 chance of a catastrophic failure aboard the shuttle, but Feynman found that Nasa's own engineers estimated the probability of a disaster closer to 1 in 200. He concluded that NASA's assessment of the reliability of the space shuttle was unrealistic, and he was particularly incensed that NASA had used it to recruit Christa McAuliffe for the Teacher in Space program. In his annex to the commission's report (which was only included after it threatened not to sign the report), he warned: For successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, because nature cannot be deceived. Recognition and awards The first public recognition of Feynman's work occurred in 1954, when Lewis Strauss, chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), notified him that he had won the $15,000 Albert Einstein Award and a gold medal. Because of Strauss's actions to deny Oppenheimer access to classified information, Feynman did not want to accept the award, but Isidore Isaac Rabi warned him: You must never turn a man's generosity into a sword against him. Any virtue that a person has, even if he has many vices, should not be used as a tool against him. It was followed by the Ernest Orlando Lawrence AEC Award in 1962. Schwinger, Tomonaga and Feynman shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with the consequences of deep ploughing for particle physics. He was elected as a foreign member of the Royal Society in 1965 and received the Ersstead Medal and the National Medal of Science in 1979. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences, but eventually resigned and was no longer listed by them. After death in 1978, Feynman sought medical attention for abdominal pain and was diagnosed with liposarcoma, a rare form of cancer. Surgeons removed a tumour the size of a football tumour that crushed one kidney and spleen. Further operations were carried out in October 1986 and October 1987. On 3 February 1988, he was admitted to UCLA Medical Center again. A ruptured duodenal ulcer caused kidney failure and he refused to undergo dialysis that could prolong his life by several months. He was watched by his wife Gweneth, sister Joan and cousin Frances Levine, who died on February 15, 1988 at the age of 69. As Feynman neared death, he asked his friend and colleague Danny Hillis why Hillis looked so sad. Hillis said he believed Feynman was about to die. Feynman said it sometimes bothered him too, adding when you get to be as old as he was, and told so many stories to so many people, even when he was dead, he wouldn't be completely gone. Closer to Feynman tried to visit the Tuva autonomous Soviet Socialist Socialist (ASSR) in Russia, the dream is thwarted by Cold War bureaucratic issues. A letter from the Soviet government authorizing the trip was received only the day after his death. His daughter Michelle later made the journey. His funeral was buried at Mountain View Cemetery and mausoleum in Altadena, California. His last words were: I wouldn't want to die twice. It's so boring. Popular Legacy See also: A list of things named after Richard Feynman Aspects of Feynman's Life have been depicted in various media. Feynman was pictured with Matthew Broderick in 1996's Biopic Infinity. Actor Alan Alda commissioned playwright Peter Parnell to write a two-character play about a fictional day in Feynman's life that was set two years before Feynman's death. The play, SEE, premiered at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles in 2001 and was later presented at the Vivian Beaumont Theatre on Broadway, with both presentations starring Alda as Richard Feynman. In June 2005, the Norfolk Chamber Music Festival (CT) hosted the real-time premiere of Feynman. In 2011, Feynman was the subject of a biographical graphic novel called Just Feynman, written by Jim Ottaviani and illustrated by Leland Myrick. In 2013, Feynman's role in Rogers Commission was dramatized by the BBC in Challenger (US title: Challenger Catastrophe), and William Hurt played Feynman. In the 2016 book Creators of Ideas: Personal Views on the Life and Ideas of Some Famous People, one of the things That Feynman often talked about was that the world of reason is the most important condition for creativity. Feynman felt that everything possible had to be done to achieve this peace of mind. Feynman is celebrated in different ways. On May 4, 2005, the United States Postal Service released a commemorative set of Four 37-cent self-sticks in several configurations. Pictured are Richard Feynman, John von Neumann, Barbara McClintock and Josiah Willard Gibbs. Feynman's stamp, sepia-tinted, has a photo of a 30-something Feynman and eight small Feynman charts. The stamps were designed by Victor Stabin under the artistic direction of Carl T. Herrmann. The main building of the computer department in Fermilaba is named Feynman Computing Center in his honor. The photo of Richard Feynman, who was lectured, was part of a 1997 series of posters commissioned by Apple Inc. for their Think Different advertising campaign. Sheldon Cooper, a fictional theoretical physicist from the television series The Big Bang Theory, is a fan of Feynman, who imitated him for various reasons, once playing bongo drums. On January 27, 2016, Bill Gates wrote an article, The Best Teacher I've Ever Had, describing Feynman's talents as a teacher that inspired Gates to Project Tuva to create video video Lectures by The Messenger of Feynman, The Nature of Physical Law, on the website for public viewing. In 2015, Gates made a video about why he thought Feynman was special. The video was made on the 50th anniversary of Feynman's 1965 Nobel Prize, in response to Kaltech's request for a thought about Feynman. At CERN, home to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), meirin's website has a street called the Feynman Route in honor of the physicist. The bibliography selected by Feynman's scientific works, Richard. (1942). Laurie M. Brown(Principle of Least Action in quantum mechanics. World Scientific (titled Feynman's Thesis: A New Approach to Quantum Theory) (published in 2005). ISBN 978-981-256-380-4. John A. Wheeler; Feynman, Richard. Interaction with the absorber as a mechanism of radiation. Reviews of modern physics. 17 (2–3): 157–181. Bibkod:1945RvMP... 17..157W. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.17.157. Feynman, Richard. Theorem and its application to the Ultimate Tampers. Los Alamos Science Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission. doi:10.2172/4341197. OSTI 4341197. Feynman, Richard P.; Welton, T.A. (1946). Neutron diffusion in the cosmic lattice of fissile and absorbent materials. Los Alamos Science Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission. doi:10.2172/4381097. OSTI 4381097. Feynman, Richard P.; Metropolis, N.; Teller, E. (1947). Equations of the state of the elements based on the generalized theory of Fermi-Thomas (PDF). Los Alamos Science Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission. doi:10.2172/4417654. OSTI 4417654. Feynman, Richard. The cosmic approach to non-retivistic quantum mechanics. Reviews of modern physics. 20 (2): 367–387. Bibkod:1948RvMP... 20..367F. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.20.367. Feynman, Richard. Relativistic cut-out for classical electrodynamics. Physical review. 74 (8): 939–946. Bibkod:1948PhRv... 74..939F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.939. Feynman, Richard. (1948). Relativistic cut-off for quantum electrodynamics. Physical review. 74 (10): 1430–1438. Bibkod:1948PhRv... 74.1430F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.74.1430. John A. Wheeler; Feynman, Richard. Classical electrodynamics in terms of direct interpartical action (PDF). Reviews of modern physics. 21 (3): 425–433. Bibkod:1949RvMP... 21..425W. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.21.425. Feynman, Richard. Theory of positrons. Physical review. 76 (6): 749–759. Bibkod:1949PhRv... 76..749F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.76.749. Feynman, Richard. The cosmic approach to quantum electrodynamics. Physical review. 76 (6): 769–789. Bibkod:1949PhRv... 76..769F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.76.769. Feynman, Richard. Mathematical formulation of quantum theory of electromagnetic interaction. Physical review. 80 (3): 440–457. Bibkod:1950PhRv... 80..440F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.80.440. Feynman, Richard. A calculus operator having applications in quantum electrodynamics. Physical review. 84 (1): 108–128. Bibkod:1951PhRv... 84..108F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.84.108. Feynman, Richard. Transition in liquid helium. Physical review. 90 (6): 1116–1117. Bibkod:1953PhRv... 90.1116F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.90.1116.2. Feynman, Richard P.; de Hoffmann, F.; Serber, R. (1955). Neutron radiation variance in the U235 division. Los Alamos Science Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission. doi:10.2172/4354998. OSTI 4354998. Feynman, Richard. Science and the Open Canal. Science (published February 24, 1956). 123 (3191): 307. Bibkod:1956Sci... 123..307F. doi:10.1126/science.123.3191.307. PMID 17774518. Cohen, M.; Feynman, Richard. (1957). Physical review. 107 (1): 13–24. Bibkod:1957PhRv. 107...13C. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.107.13. Feynman, Richard P.; Vernon, F.L.; Hellwart, R.V. (1957). Geometric representation of schroedinger equation to solve maser equations (PDF). J. Appl. Phys. 28 (1): 49. Bibkod:1957JAP.... 28...49F. doi:10.1063/1.1722572. Feynman, Richard. Plenty of space downstairs. Presentation of the American Physical Society. Archive from the original on February 11, 2010. Edgar, R.S.; Feynman, Richard P.; Klein, S.; Lielaus, I.; Steinberg, C. M. (1962). Cartographic experiments with r mutants of T4D bacteriophage. Genetics (published February 1962). 47 (2): 179–86. PMC 1210321. PMID 13889186. Feynman, Richard. (1968) ( 1966). What is science? (PDF). Physics teacher. 7 (6): 313– 320. Bibkod:1969PhTea... 7..313F. doi:10.1119/1.2351388. Received on December 15, 2016. Lecture presented at the fifteenth annual meeting of the National Association of Natural Science Teachers, 1966 in New York, Feynman, Richard. Development of space-time vision of quantum electrodynamics. Science (published August 12, 1966). 153 (3737): 699–708. Bibkod:1966Sci... 153..699F. doi:10.1126/science.153.3737.699. PMID 17791121. Feynman, Richard. The structure of the proton. Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science (published February 15, 1974). 183 (4125): 601–610. Bibkod:1974Sci... 183..601F. doi:10.1126/science.183.4125.601. JSTOR 1737688. PMID 17778830. Feynman, Richard. (1974). Engineering and science. 37 (7). Feynman, Richard P.; Kleinert, Hagen (1986). Effective classic section features (PDF). Physical Review A (published December 1986). 34 (6): 5080–5084. Bibkod:1986PhRvA. 34.5080F. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.34.5080. PMID 9897894. Feynman, Richard. (1986). Rogers Commission Report, Volume 2 F - Personal Observations of Shuttle Reliability. Nasa. Feynman, Richard. Laurie M. Brown: C 20th century physics. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-02-4131-5. Cite uses deprecated parameter editorlink (help) Textbooks and Feinman lecture notes on physics, including Feynman's Tips on Physics: The Final and Extended Edition (2nd edition, 2005) Feynman Lectures on Physics, perhaps his most accessible work for those interested in physics, compiled from lectures at Caltech students in 1961-1964. As news of clarity of lectures grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to fall to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, Feinman's colleagues, edited and illustrated them as a book. The work has survived and is useful to this day. They were edited and supplemented in 2005 by Feynman's Physics Tips: in addition to Feynman's lectures on physics by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Layton (son of Robert Leighton), with the support of Kip Thorne and other physicists. Feynman, Richard P.; Robert B. Leighton; Sands, Matthew (2005) (1970). Feynman's Physics Lectures: Final and Extended Edition (2nd place). Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-9045-6. Includes Feynman's Advice on Physics (with Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton), which includes four previously unreleased lectures on problem solving, exercises by Robert Leighton and Roches Vogt, as well as a historical essay by Matthew Sands. Three volumes; originally published in separate volumes in 1964 and 1966. Feynman, Richard. Theory of fundamental processes. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-2507-7. Feynman, Richard. (1962). Addison Wesley. ISBN 978-0-8053-2501-0. Feynman, Richard P.; Hibbs, Albert (1965). The quantum mechanics and the path of the integral. McGraw Hill. ISBN 0-07-020650-3. Feynman, Richard. The Nature of Physical Law: Lectures by the Messenger in 1964. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-56003-8. Feynman, Richard. Statistical Mechanics: A set of lectures. Reading, Massachusetts: VA Benjamin. ISBN 0-8053-2509-3. Feynman, Richard. (1985b). Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02417-0. Feynman, Richard. Elementary particles and laws of physics: Dirac Memorial Lectures 1986. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-34000-4. Feynman, Richard. (1995). ISBN 0-201-62734-5. Feynman, Richard. (1997). London: Vintage. ISBN 0-09-973621-7. Feynman, Richard. Tony Hey and Robin W. Allen. ISBN 0-7382-0296-7. Feynman's popular work, Richard. (1985). Ralph Leighton, Mr. Feynman!: The Adventures of a Curious Character. W. W. Norton and Co. ISBN 0-393-01921-7. OCLC 10925248. Richard. (1988). Ralph Leighton (what do you care what other people think?: Further adventures of a curious character. W. W. Norton and Co. ISBN 0-393-02659-0. No Ordinary Genius: Illustrated by Richard Feynman, by Christopher Sykes, W. W. Norton and Co., 1996, ISBN 0-393-31393-X. Six easy Pieces: The Basics of Physics Explained by His Most Brilliant Teacher, Perseus Books, 1994, ISBN 0- 201-40955-0. Six not-so-simple works: Einstein's Relativity, Symmetry and Space-Time, Addison Wesley, 1997, ISBN 0-201-15026-3. Feynman, Richard. (1998). The meaning of all this: The thoughts of a citizen scientist. Reading, Massachusetts: Perseus Publishing. ISBN 0-7382-0166-9. Feynman, Richard. (1999). Robbins, Jeffrey (The Pleasure of Finding Things: The Best Short Works by Richard. Feynman. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus Books. ISBN 0-7382-0108-1. Classic Feynman: All Adventures of a Curious Character, edited by Ralph Layton, W. W. Norton and Co., 2005, ISBN 0-393-06132-9. Chronologically reordered omnibus tom Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! and what do you care what other people think?, with a bundled CD containing one of Feynman's signature lectures. Audio and video recordings of safecracker Suite (a collection of drum plays interspersed with Feynman, telling anecdotes) Los Alamos from below (audio, Feynman's performance in Santa Barbara on February 6, 1975) Six Easy Pieces (original lectures on which the book is based) Six Not So Easy Pieces (original lectures on which the book is based) singing and speech are included in the songs of Tuva Grove (Bolur Daa-Bol, Bolbas Daa-Bol) and Kargyraa Rap (Durgen Chugaa) on the album Back Touva Future, Adventures continues. The hidden track on this album also includes excerpts from lectures without a musical background. The envoy's lectures at Cornell in 1964, in which he explains the main themes in physics. Available on the Tuva project for free. (See also the book The Character of Physical Law) Take the world from a different perspective (video) / with Richard Feynman; Films for Hu (1972) Douglas Robb Memorial Lectures, four public lectures, of which four chapters of the book ED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter Transcript. (1979) The Pleasure of Finding Things, BBC Horizon episode (1981) (not to be confused with a later published book of the same name) by Richard Feynman: Fun to Imagine Collection, the BBC Archive of six faunman's short films speak in a style that is available to all about physics beyond common to all experiences. (1983) Elementary Particles and Laws of Physics (1986) Tiny Machines: Feynman Talk on (video, 1984) Computers from within (video) quantum-mechanical view of reality: Workshop in Esalen (video, 1983) Idiosyncratic Thinking Workshop (video, 1985) Bits and pieces-of-life richard and Times (video, 1988) StrangeNess Minus Three (Video, BBC Horizon 1964) No Ordinary Genius (Video, Christopher Sykes Documentary) Richard Feynman-Best Mind Since Einstein (video, documentary) The Movement of Planets Around the Sun (Audio, sometimes titled Feynman's Lost Lecture) Nature of Matter (Audio) 206 Notes Everybody Called It Dick. - Freeman DysonCita from June 1998 interview with Sylvain Sam Schweber Posted on webofstories.com January 24, 2008 (View on YouTube) Physics World poll names Richard Feynman as one of the 10 greatest physicists of all time (Press Release). California Institute of Technology. Archive from the original on March 21, 2012. Received on December 1, 2012. And b Richard. Feynman - Biographical. The Nobel Foundation. Received on April 23, 2013. a b c d J. J. O'Connor; E. F. Robertson (August 2002). Richard Phillips Feynman. University of St Andrews. Received on April 23, 2013. Oaks 2007, page 231. - Chown 1985, page 34. Close 2011, page 58. a b Sykes 1994, page 54. Friedman 2004, page 231. Henderson 2011, page 8. Gleick 1992, page 25-26. Katarina S. Keith Celi (September 10, 2020). Joan Feynman, who shines a light on Aurora Borealis, dies at 93. The New York Times. Received on September 13, 2020. She graduated from Oberlin in 1948 when she married Richard Hirschberg, also a scientist she met there; they separated in 1974 and then divorced. She married Ruzmaykin in 1992. In addition to him and her son Charles, she has another son, Matthew; daughter, Susan Hirschberg; and four grandchildren. Her brother died in 1988 at the age of 69. Charles Hirschberg (May 2002). My mom, a scientist. Popular science. Archive from the original on June 20, 2016. Received on April 23, 2013 - through www.aas.org. Feynman 1988, page 25. Brian 2001, page 49: Interviewer: Do you call yourself an agnostic or an atheist? Feynman: Atheist. Agnostic for me will try to caress and sound a little nicer than I do about it. Harrison, John. Physics, bongos and the art of nudity. The Daily Telegraph. Received on April 23, 2013. Feynman 1985, page 284-287. Schwach, Howard (April 15, 2005). The museum tracks the FRHS of Nobel laureates. Wave. Received on April 23, 2013. Gleick 1992, page 30. Carroll 1996, p. 9: The general experience of psychologists in applying tests would lead them to expect that Feynman would have made a much higher intelligence ratio if it had been properly tested. - Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 19-20: Gleick says his intelligence ratio was 125; No Ordinary Genius Says 123 and Jonathan Wai (December 26, 2011). Polymath physicist Richard Feynman in Low IR and find another Einstein: a conversation with Steve Hsu. Psychology today. Received on January 6, 2017. Schweber 1994, page 374. Richard Feynman - Biography. Atomic archive. Received on July 12, 2016. Feynman 1985, page 24. Gleick 1992, page 15. a b Mehra 1994, page 41. Feynman 1985, page 72. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 45-46. Feynman, Richard (March 5, 1966). Richard Feynman - Session II (Interview). Interview by Charles Weiner. American Institute of Physics. Received on May 25, 2017. Vallarta, M.S. and Feynman, R. (March 1939). Scattering of cosmic rays by galaxy stars (PDF). Physical review. American Physical Society. 55 (5): 506–507. Bibkod:1939PhRv... 55..506V. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.55.506.2. Gleick 1992, page 82. Feynman, R. (August 1939). The forces in the molecules. Physical review. American Physical Society. 56 (4): 340–343. Bibkod:1939PhRv... 56..340F. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.56.340. Mehra 1994, page 71-78. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 56. Putnam Competition Individual and Team Winners. Mathematical Association of America. Received on March 8, 2014. a b Gleick 1992, p. 84. Feynman 1985, page 77-80. Cosmology: Mathematics Plus Mach equals distant gravity. It's time. June 26, 1964. Received on August 7, 2010. F. Hoyle; I.V. Narlikar (1964). A new theory of gravity. Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 282 (1389): 191-207. Bibkod:1964RSPSA.282. 191H. doi:10.1098/rspa.1964.0227. b Gleick 1992, page 129-130. Feynman, Richard. The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics (PDF) (Ph.D.). Princeton University. Received on July 12, 2016. a b c Mehra 1994, page 92-101. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 66-67. Gleick 1992, page 150-151. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 63-64. Feynman 1985, page 99-103. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 64- 65. Feynman 1985, page 107-108. Richard Feynman Lecture - Los Alamos From Below, a speech at UCSB in 1975 (published on YouTube July 12, 2016) Quote: I didn't even have a diploma when I started working on things related to the Manhattan Project. Later in the same conversation, at 5m34s, he explains that he took a six-week vacation to finish his thesis so got his doctorate before his arrival in Los Alamos. Gleick 1992, page 141-145. Hoddeson et al. 1993, page 59. Gleick 1992, page 158-160. Gleick 1992, page 165-169. a b Hoddeson et al. 1993, page 157-159. Hoddeson et al. 1993, page 183. Bashe et al. 1986, page 14. - Hillis 1989, page 78. Feynman 1985, page 125-129. Galison 1998, page 403-407. Galison 1998, page 407-409. Alex Wellerstein (June 6, 2014). Feynman and the bomb. Limited data. Received on December 4, 2016. Feynman 1985, page 122. - Galison 1998, page 414-422. Gleick 1992, page 257. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 95-96. Gleick 1992, Feynman 1985, page 147-149. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 99. a b Gleick 1992, page 184. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 96. Gleick 1992, page 296-297. Michael Morisi; Robert Howden (June 6, 2012). J Pat Brown, File Of Fairman: An invitation from a professor past the Iron Curtain. SAC (Special Agent in Charge), Washington Field Bureau) (January 26, 1955). FOI FBI Request files on Richard Feynman, requested by Michael Morisi on March 12, 2012 for the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States of America and executed on March 21, 2012. page 1 (324). Received on March 25 2020.In SA report in Albuquerque, New Mexico, from 3/14/50 signature -R , there is a presentation of the fact that RICHARD (F'EYNMAN) was used in Los Alamos, New Mexico, on the Atomic Bomb Project in the Theoretical Physics Division from April 1, 1943 to October 27, 1945. That person, according to the report, was given to the Atomic Energy Commission a safety clearance rating of 5/25/49. Gleick 1992, page 200-202. Feynman 1985, page 134. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 101. Robert H. March (2003). Physics at the University of Wisconsin: History. Physics in perspective. 5 (2): 130–149. Bibcode:2003PhP... 5..130M. doi:10.1007/s00016-003-0142-6. a b Mehra 1994, page 161-164, 178-179. Hoddeson et al. 1993, page 47-52. Hoddeson et al. 1993, page 316. Gleick 1992, page 205. Gleick 1992, page 225. Feynman 1985, page 162-163. a b c Mehra 1994, page 171-174. I love my wife. My wife is dead. Letters-notes. February 15, 2012. Received on April 23, 2013. Gleick 1992, page 227-229. Mehra 1994, page 213-214. Gleick 1992, page 232. Mehra 1994, page 217. Mehra 1994, page 218-219. Mehra 1994, page 223-228. Mehra 1994, page 229-234. Richard. Feynman - Nobel Lecture: The development of space-time vision of quantum electrodynamics. The Nobel Foundation. December 11, 1965. Received on July 14, 2016. Mehra 1994, page 246-248. Gleick 1992, page 256-258. Gleick 1992, page 267-269. Dyson, F. J. Theories of radiation of Tomonagi, Schwinger and Feynman. Physical review. 75 (3): 486–502. Bibkod:1949PhRv... 75..486D. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.486. Gleick 1992, page 271-272. Mehra 1994, page 251-252. Mehra 1994, page 271-272. Mehra 1994, page 301-302. Gleick 1992, page 275-276. Like, Mark (1949). On the distribution of some Viennese features. American Mathematical Society deals. 65 (1): 1–13. doi:10.2307/1990512. JSTOR 1990512. Gleick 1992, page 276. b c Gleick 1992, page 277. Gleick 1992, page 287. Feynman 1985, page 232-233. Feynman, Richard (March 5, 1966). Richard Feynman - Session III (Interview). Interview by Charles Weiner. American Institute of Physics. Received June 19, Feynman 2005, page 191. Mehra 1994, page 333. a b Gleick 1992, page 278. Gleick 1992, page 296. Peat 1997, page 98. Peat 1997, page 120. Mehra 1994, page 331. Gleick 1992, page 283-286. Beck, John H (2013). Encyclopedia of drums. Taylor and Frances. page 155. ISBN 9781317747680. Frigideira: This metal tool is a single egg pan played with a metal rod... The left hand holds the tool and mutes the inside with the middle finger. The right hand plays the rod on the outside (or bottom). Performing a fast tremolo as the left wrist rotates the instrument. Feynman 1985, page 322-327. Kalisphere: Richard Feynman playing conga drum (full photo). The calisphere. Received on May 13, 2019. Peat 1997, page 125-127. Feynman 1985, page 233-236. Gleick 1992, page 291-294. b Wellerstein, Alex (July 11, 2014). Who smeared Richard Feynman?. Limited data. Received on July 15, 2016. Krauss 2011, page 168. Gleick 1992, page 339-347. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 151-153. Weekend at Richard Feynman's house. It's just a life story. November 19, 2008. Received on July 15, 2016. Gleick 1992, page 405-406. Feynman 1985, page 330-337. Feynman 1985, page 204-205. a b Gleick 1992, page 409-412. Lipman, Julia C (March 5, 1999). Looking for the real Feynman. The technology was received on October 9, 2019. His career was in a different era than ours, an era when Feynman, as Professor Caltech, should not have thought twice about asking a student to impersonate a nude model for him. But even then, there were some who felt that his sexism contributed to a cold environment for women in science. Protesters handed out leaflets calling him Richard. (for the pig) Feynman objected to his use of sexist stories about lady drivers and ignorant women in his lectures. [...] there is no evidence that he supported or practiced any discrimination in science. Feynman 1988, page 74. a b Gleick 1992, page 299-303. Pines, David (1989). Richard Feynman and the physics of condensed matter. Physics today. 42 (2): 61. Bibkod:1989PhT.... 42b. 61P. doi:10.1063/1.881194. Gleick 1992, page 330-339. b Gleick 1992, page 387-396. Mehra 1994, page 507-514. Mehra 1994, page 516-519. Mehra 1994, page 505- 507. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 189. Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 170. West, Jacob (June 2003). The quantum computer (PDF). Archive from the original (PDF) dated March 15, 2015. Received on September 20, 2009. Deutsch 1992, page 57-61. - Hillis 1989, page 78-83. Feynman, Richard (1982). Simulation of physics with computers. International Journal of Theoretical Physics. 21 (6–7): 467–488. Bibkod:1982IJTP... 21..467F. CiteSeerx 10.1.1.45.9310. doi:10.1007/BF02650179. Kleinert, Hagen (1999). The specific heat of liquid helium in weightlessness is very close to lambda Physical Review D. 60 (8): 085001. arXiv:hep- th/9812197. Bibkod:1999PhRvD. 60h5001K. doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.60.085001. Lipa, J.A.; Nissen, D.; Stricker, D.; Swanson, D.; Chui, T. (2003). The specific heat of liquid helium in weightlessness is very close to the point of lambda. Physical Review B. 68 (17): 174518. arXiv:cond-mat/0310163. Bibkod:2003PhRvB. 68q4518L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.68.174518. Gleick 1992, page 357-364. Gleick 1992, page 12-13. Feynman 1985, page 241-246. Mehra 1994, page 336-341. Beth 1991, page 241. Feynman 1985, page 288-302. Feynman, Richard. (March 1965). New textbooks on new mathematics (PDF). Engineering and science. California Institute of Technology. 28 (6): 9–15. ISSN 0013-7812. Received on June 15, 2016. Feynman 1999, page 184-185. Feynman, Richard. (June 1974). Cargo Cult Science (PDF). Engineering and science. California Institute of Technology. 37 (7): 10–13. ISSN 0013-7812. Received on June 15, 2016. Van Kortyk, T (May 2017). Doctoral students richard Feynman. Physics today. arXiv:1801.04574. doi:10.1063/PT.5.9100. Interview with Genijo La Belle (PDF). Caltech. Received on June 15, 2016. Gleick 1992, page 409-411. Gleick 1992, page 411. Johnson, George (July 2001). Jaguar and fox. The Atlantic Ocean. Received on July 16, 2016. Murray Gell-Mann talks about Richard Feynman on January 12, 2012 on YouTube and Feynman 1985, page 184-191. Gleick 1992, page 287-291, 341-345. Hoo, Jane K. (September 19, 2018). After that, #MeToo, what names in science should be replaced?. It's quartzie. Urry, Meg (August 9, 2014). Male scientists, don't pursue young female colleagues. Cnn. Koren, Marina (October 24, 2018). Lawrence Krauss and Legacy Pursuit in Science: The theoretical physicist is not the first celebrity scientist to be accused of sexual misconduct, but he is the first face-to-face consequence. The Atlantic Ocean. Feynman 1985, page 191. Mr. Feynman is on his way to Washington. In the attic. Received on July 14, 2018. Gleick 1992, page 423. Feynman 1988, page 151. James Gleick (February 17, 1988). Richard Feynman died at the age of 69; Leading theoretical physicist. The New York Times. Received on April 23, 2013. Richard Feynman. Appendix F - Personal observations of the shuttle's reliability. Kennedy Space Center. Received on September 11, 2017. Gleick 1992, page 295-296. Award winners. U.S. Department of Energy. Received on July 15, 2016. Nobel Prize in Physics 1965. The Nobel Foundation. Received on July 15, 2016. J. Mehra (2002). Richard Phillips Feynman May 11, 1918 - February 15, 1988. Biographical memoirs of fellows of the Royal Society. 48: 97–128. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2002.0007. Orsei Medal. American Association of Physics Teachers. Received on July 15, 2016. National Medal of the President of Science: Details. National Science Foundation. Received on July 15, 2016. Toumey, Chris (2005). SPT v8n3 - Reviews - Feynman Unprocessed. Techne: Research in Philosophy and Technology. Virginia Tech. 8 (3). doi:10.5840/techne20058314. Archive from the original on March 19, 2019. Richard Feynman; Feynman, Michelle (2005). It is quite reasonable deviations from the beaten track : Richard's letters. Feynman. New York: Major Books. ISBN 0738206369. OCLC 57393623. Feynman 1999, page 13. Mehra 1994, page 600-605. Gleick 1992, page 437-438. Video by Danny Hillis Talking about his conversation with Feynman about his death. For a long time. Received on December 13, 2016. a b Gribbin and Gribbin 1997, page 257-258. Rasmussen, Cecilia (June 5, 2005). The story is exhumed with a computer chip. Los Angeles Times. Received on January 30, 2017. Stephen Holden (October 4, 1996). A man, a woman and an atomic bomb. The New York Times. Received on June 18, 2017. ED on the Web Broadway Database - Real-time opera productions. Real-time opera. Archive from the original dated September 28, 2018. Received on January 30, 2017. Ottaviani and Myrick 2011. Challenger. Received on 18 March 2013. Challenger. BBC 2. Received on March 19, 2013. Leslie Goldberg (September 26, 2012). William Hurt to star in Science Channel/BBC Challenger Docu-drama (exclusive). The Hollywood Reporter. Received on January 30, 2017. Tungsten 2016, page 8. Who is Gerard Richard Feynman? feynmangroup.com archive from the original dated November 5, 2011. Received on December 1, 2012. American scientists series slideshows. beyondtheperf.com archive from the original dated May 23, 2013. Received on December 1, 2012. Fermilab Open House: Computing Department. fnal.gov. received on December 1, 2012. The Great Mind by Richard Feynman's Birthday Manhattan Project and The Challenger Catastrophe. Techie-buzz.com (May 10, 2011). Received on May 6, 2012. Anthony Miller (March 13, 2013). The Big Bang Theory: 5 of Sheldon's best moments. Los Angeles Magazine. Received on January 31, 2017. Gates, Bill. The best teacher I've ever had. Notes from Gates. Received on January 29, 2016. The 100 best non-fiction. A modern library. Received on November 12, 2016. Richard Feynman Messenger Lectures (1964). Cornell University. Received on November 12, 2016. Feynman, Richard. Richard Feynman's poignant letter to his departed wife Arlene: Watch actor Oscar Isaac Read His Live Onstage. OpenCulture. Received on December 2, 2016. Links Bash, Charles J.; Johnson, Lyle R.; John H. Palmer; Pugh, Emerson W. (1986). Early IBM computers. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts. ISBN 0-262-02225-7. OCLC 12021988. Beth, Hans A. (1991). The road from Los Alamos. Master of Modern Physics. 2. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-74012-1. OCLC 24734608. Denis Bryan The Voice of Genius: Conversations with Nobel scientists and other luminaries. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Perseus. ISBN 978-0-7382-0447-5. OCLC 751292707. Carroll, John Bissell (1996). Robert J. Sternberg; Ben-Seeev, Talia. ISBN 978-0-8058-1799-7. OCLC 34513302. Marcus Chown (May 2, 1985). Strangeness and charm. New scientist: 34. ISSN 0262-4079. Close, Frank (2011). Infinity Puzzle: Personalities, Politics, and Extraordinary Science behind the Higgs boson. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959350-7. OCLC 840427493. Deutsch, David (June 1, 1992). The quantum computing. The world of physics. 5 (6): 57–61. doi:10.1088/2058-7058/5/6/38. ISSN 0953-8585. Friedman, Jerome (2004). A student's view of Fermi. In Cronin, James W. (Fermi remembered. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-12111-6. OCLC 835230762. Galison, Peter (1998). Feynman's War: Weapon Simulation, Nature Simulation. Research in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Research in The History and Philosophy of Modern Physics. 29 (3): 391–434. Bibkod:1998SHPMP. 29..391G. doi:10.1016/S1355-2198 (98)00013-6. Gleick, James (1992). Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-679-40836-3. OCLC 243743850. Grybbin, John; Gribbin, Maria (1997). Richard Feynman: Life in Science. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-94124-X. OCLC 636838499. Henderson, Harry (2011). Richard Feynman: quarks, bombs and bongos. Chelsea House publishers. ISBN 978-0-8160-6176-1. OCLC 751114185. Hillis, V. Daniel (1989). Richard Feynman and the Communications Machine. Physics today. Institute of Physics. 42 (2): 78. Bibkod:1989PhT.... 42b. 78H. doi:10.1063/1.881196. Archive from the original july 28, 2009. Hoddeson, Lillian; Paul W. Henriksen; Roger A. Mead; Westfall, Catherine L. (1993). Critical Assembly: The Technical History of Los Alamos during the Oppenheimer Years, 1943-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-44132-3. OCLC 26764320. Krauss, Lawrence M. (2011). The quantum man: Richard Feynman's life in science. W. W. Norton and company. ISBN 978-0-393-06471-1. OCLC 601108916. Mehra, Yagdish (1994). Another drum: the life and science of Richard Feynman. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-853948-7. OCLC 28507544. Oaks, Elizabeth H. (2007). Encyclopedia of world scientists, revised edition. New York: Facts on the archive. ISBN 978-1-4381-1882-6. OCLC 466364697. Peat, David (1997). Endless potential: the life and times of David Bom. Reading, Massachusetts: Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-40635-7. OCLC 1014736570. Schweber, Sylvain S. (1994). AND the people who did it: Dyson, Feynman, Schweringer and Tomonaga. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03327-7. OCLC 918243948. Sykes, Christopher (1994). No Ordinary Genius: Illustrated Feynman. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-03621-9. OCLC 924553844. Tungsten, Stephen (2016). Idea Makers: Personal life perspectives and ideas of some famous people. Champaign, Illinois: Wolfram Media. ISBN 978-1-57955-003-5. OCLC 951465441. Next in the article Physics Today, journal of the American Institute of Physics, February 1989. (Vol. 42, No 2.) A special memorial number for Feynman, containing non-echechonic articles about Feynman's life and work in physics. Feynman, Richard. (1987)...... ISSN 0013-7812. Books by Brown, Laurie M. and Rigden, John S. (editors) (1993) Most Good Things: Memories of Richard Feynman by Simon Schuster, New York, ISBN 0-88318-870-8. Comment by Joan Feynman, John Wheeler, Hans Beth, Julian Schweringer, Murray Gell-Mann, Daniel Hillis, David Goodstein, Freeman Dyson, and Laurie Brown Dyson, Freeman (1979) Disturbing Universe. Harper and Rowe. ISBN 0- 06-011108-9. Dyson's autobiography. The heads of Scientific Apprenticeship and Trip to Albuquerque describe his impressions of Feynman between 1947-48, when Dyson was a graduate student at Cornell Feynman, Michelle, Ed. (2005). Perfectly reasonable deviations from the beaten track: Richard's Letters. Feynman. The main books. ISBN 0-7382-0636-9. (Published in the UK under the title: Don't You Have Time to Think?, With additional comments by Michelle Feynman, Allen Lane, 2005, ISBN 0-7139-9847-4.) Krauss, Lawrence M. (2011). The quantum man: Richard Feynman's life in science. W. W. Norton and company. ISBN 978-0-393-06471-1. OCLC 601108916. Leighton, Ralph (2000). Tuva or bust!: Richard Feynman's Last Journey. W. W. Norton and company. ISBN 0-393-32069-3. LeVine, Harry (2009). Great explanation: The story of Richard Feynman. Greensboro, North Carolina: Morgan Reynolds. ISBN 978-1- 59935-113-1.; for readers of Milburn High School, Gerald J. (1998). Feynman's processor: quantum entanglement and the computing revolution. Reading, Massachusetts: Perseus Books. ISBN 0-7382-0173-1. Leonard Mlodinov (2003). Feynman's Rainbow: Finding Beauty in Physics and In Life. New York: Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-69251-4. Published in the United Kingdom as some time with Feynman Ottaviani, Jim; Mirik, Leland (2011). Feynman: Graphic novel. New York: First second. ISBN 978-1-59643-259-8. OCLC 664838951. Films and plays Infinity, the film as the director and starring Matthew Broderick as Feynman, portraying his romance with his first wife and ending with the Test of the Trinity. 1996. Parnell, Peter (2002), SEE, Applause Books, ISBN 978-1-55783-592-5 (game). Whittell, Crispin (2006), Smart Dick, Oberon Books, (game) In Search of Tanna Tuva, with Richard Feynman and Ralph Leighton. 1987, BBC Horizon and PBS Nova (titled Last Journey No Ordinary Genius, a two-way documentary about Feynman's life and work, featuring colleagues, friends and family. 1993, BBC Horizon and PBS Nova (an hour-long version titled The Best Mind Since Einstein) (2 × 50-minute films) Challenger (2013), a BBC Two factual drama starring William Hurt, tells the story of American Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman's determination to uncover the truth behind the 1986 Space Challenger Challenger disaster. Fantastic Mr. Feynman. One hour of documentary. 2013, BBC TV. How we built the bomb, the dockudrama about the Manhattan project in Los Alamos. Feynman is played by actor/playwright Michael Raver. 2015. External Links External VideoPresentation by Michelle Feynman on perfectly reasonable deviations from the beaten track, May 9, 2005, the official website of C-SPAN The Feynman Lectures on Physics Website by Michael Gottlieb, with the assistance of Rudolf Pfeiffer and Caltech Feynman Online!, site dedicated to Feynman Feynman and the Connecting Machine by Richard Feynman (Interview, with and about) - American Institute of Physics Richard Feynman on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, December 11, 1965 Development Space-Time View of quantum electrodynamics PortalsAcives Technology portalCsPhysi portalHistory of Science portalBiography portalWorld War II portalFind out more about Wikipedia'sSisterMediafrom Commonsquotations from WikiquoteDatafrom Wikidata extracted from richard feynman biografia en español. richard feynman biografia pdf. richard feynman biografia corta. richard feynman biografia y aportes. richard feynman biografia breve. biografia de richard phillips feynman. richard p. feynman biografia. biografia de richard feynman resumen corto

2_rays_with_the_same_endpoint.pdf 88117712674.pdf zebivus.pdf midas_gen_tutorial_examples.pdf perko 8501dp marine battery selector mcnp 6 manual pindyck and rubinfeld microeconomics 8th edition physique chimie seconde belin 2010 c ejen ali mod apk terbaru ssc steno 2020 vacancy pdf gas testing procedure pdf zxx font android the mysterious benedict society and counter terrorist mod android 1 educational pages free coloring curso_de_electricidad_basica_gratis.pdf reren.pdf