New Mediterranean Marine Biodiversity Records (June 2013)

Collective Article Mediterranean Marine Science Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS The journal is available on line at http://www.medit-mar-sc.net http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.450

New Mediterranean Marine biodiversity records (June 2013)

I. SIOKOU1, A.S. ATEŞ2, D. AYAS3, J. BEN SOUISSI4, T. CHATTERJEE5, M. DIMIZA6 , H. DURGHAM7, K. DOGRAMMATZI1 , D. ERGUDEN8 , V. GERAKARIS1, M. GREGO9 , Y. ISSARIS1, K. KADIS10, T. KATAĞAN11, K. KAPIRIS1, S. KATSANEVAKIS12, F. KERKHOF13, E. PAPASTERGIADOU14, V. PEŠIĆ15, L. POLYCHRONIDIS16, M. RIFI4, M. SALOMIDI1, M. SEZGIN17, M. TRIANTAPHYLLOU6, K. TSIAMIS1, C. TURAN 8, I. TZIORTZIS14, 18, C. D’UDEKEM D’ACOZ19, D. YAGLIOGLU20,21, J. ZAOUALI4 and A. ZENETOS1

1 Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, P.O. Box 712, 19013, Anavissos, Greece 2 Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology Department of Marine Biology TR17100 Çanakkale, Turkey 3 Fisheries Faculty, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey 4 Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia 5 Department of Biology, Indian School of Learning, I.S.M. Annexe, P.O. – I.S.M., Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India 6 Faculty of Geology & Geoenvironment, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis 15784, Athens, Greece 7 Tishreen University, High Institute of Marine Research, Department of Marine Biology, Syria 8 Fisheries Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Iskenderun, Hatay, Turkey 9 Marine Biology Station Piran, National Institute of Biology, Fornace 41, SI-6330 Piran, Slovenia 10 Frederick University, Nature Conservation Unit, Nicosia, Cyprus 11 Ege University Faculty of Fisheries Department of Hydrobiology TR35100 İzmir, Turkey 12 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy 13 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, 3de en 23ste Linieregimentsplein, B-8400 Oostende, Belgium 14 University of Patras, Department of Biology, P.O. 265 00, Patras, Greece 15 Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, Cetinjski put b.b., 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro 16 Ypsomatheion 5, 10444, Athens, Greece 17 Sinop University, Faculty of Fisheries Department of Hydrobiology TR57000 Sinop, Turkey 18 Water Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment, Nicosia, Cyprus 19 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Department Invertebrates, rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 20 Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey 21 Biodiversity Implementation and Research Center (DU–BIYOM), Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey

Abstract This paper concerns records of species that have extended their distribution in the Mediterranean Sea. The finding of the rare brackish angiosperm Althenia filiformisin the island of Cyprus is interesting since its insertion in the Red Data Book of the Flora of Cyprus is suggested. The following species enriched the flora or fauna lists of the relevant countries: the red alga Sebdenia dichotoma (Greece), the hydrachnid mite Pontarachna adriatica (Slovenia), and the thalassinid Gebiacantha talismani (Turkey). Several alien species were recorded in new Mediterranean localities. The record of the burrowing goby Trypauchen vagina in the North Levantine Sea (Turkish coast), suggests the start of spreading of this Lessepsian immigrant in the Mediterranean Sea. The findings of the following species indicate the extension of their occurrence in the Mediterranean Sea: the foraminifer Amphistegina lobifera (island of Zakynthos, Greece), the medusa Cassiopea andromeda (Syria), the copepod Centropages furcatus (Aegean Sea), the decapod shrimp Melicertus hathor (island of Kastellorizo, Greece), the crab Menoethius monoceros (Gulf of Tunis), the barnacles Balanus trigonus, Megabalanus tintinnabulum, Megabalanus coccopoma and the bivalves Chama asperella, Cucur- bitula cymbium (Saronikos Gulf, Greece).

Introduction 1. Plants As part of its policy, Mediterranean Marine Sci- 1.1. A rare euryhaline macrophyte Althenia filiformis ence publishes a collective article, twice a year, with Petit in Cyprus new records of marine species in the Mediterranean Sea By I. Tziortzis, K. Kadis and E. Papastergiadou and/or information on the spatial distribution of already known species of particular interest. The contributors are The rare brackish angiosperm Althenia filiformis Petit co-authors in this collective article, their names appear- (Zannichelliaceae) is reported for the first time from the ing in alphabetical order. Reports of plant and animal island of Cyprus (Fig. 1). The genus Althenia is generally species are presented in each section according to the or- found in typical brackish-water close to the sea and con- der of submission. The contributing authors are cited at tinental saline and even fresh waters (Cook et al., 1974; the beginning of each record. Den Hartog, 1981). Although A. filiformis has a wide

238 Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 Fig. 1: Althenia filiformis Petit individuals showing: a. the ‘runner-like’ axes (arrows) and mature female flowers, b. detailed shoot with male flowers consisting of one sessile anther and female consisting of three oni-ovulate carpels, each with a style, bearing a characteristic peltate stigma. distribution, from the Mediterranean coastal lagoons of lakes close to Ladies mile beach, Phasouri), in depths of Spain, France and Italy (Onis, 1964; Talavera et al.,1984; up to 50 cm, but mostly in less than 15 cm deep waters Jeanmonod, 2000), Greece (Koumpli-Sovantzi, 1995) with a salinity ranging between 22 and 47‰. Turkey (Den Hartog, 1975), but also Russia (Tsvelev, The plants have scale bearing runners that grow hori- 1975; Klinkova & Shantser, 1992), South Africa and Iran zontally. However, these shoots are not rhizomes such (Dandy, 1971), the complete distribution of the species as those commonly found in perennial species. Althenia in still unknown. There is only scarce information about seems to be a monoecious, annual species, with male and A. filiformis and very little has been published about this female flowers developing within a sheathing leaf base species. According to Cook & Guo (1990), this is due to that holds them together on foliaceous shoots (Fig. 1). several reasons: the small hair-like leaves and the green- Althenia filiformis,in Cyprus was associated with the ish-brown colour that simulates the substrate in which the angiosperm Ruppia maritima L. and occasionally with species grows, often makes it invisible from the banks. the charophyte Lamprothamnium papulosum J. Groves, Also, the frequently mobile and rather sticky and stink- but the latter was recorded only in areas of the Akrotiri ing substrate makes direct observations in the field rather wetland with generally lower salinity values. In areas difficult. Finally, Althenia is somewhat sporadic in occur- with extreme salinity values, A. filiformis was found only rence and does not always appear at the same locality each in monospecific beds. The limited depth that the species year. Its sporadic occurrence and the scarce recordings of has adapted to, can be attributed to its ecophysiological this species has led to its classification as threatened in the characteristics. According to Cook & Guo (1990), A. fili-

Balearic islands (Fraga, 2009), Çurkuva Deltas in Turkey formis cannot utilize bicarbonates and depends on CO2 (Çakan et al., 2005), and it is also included in the National as a carbon source. Thus, it is necessary for the plants to

Red List of Italy (Zeno, 2009). grow close to the water surface in order to absorb CO2 A. filiformis was found in the most important natural from the atmosphere. It mostly occupies alkaline water coastal wetlands of the Larnaca salt lakes complex and bodies exposed to wind and waves, conditions that are Akrotiri, on the southern coasts of Cyprus. The Larnaca met in these coastal wetlands of Cyprus, where the slight- complex is included in the NATURA 2000 network and est wave action exposes the plant parts to the atmosphere. both wetlands have been designated as RAMSAR sites. In spite of its wide distribution, A. filiformisis an ap- The species was recorded during monthly sampling sur- parent rarity and in danger of extinction because it’s pre- veys in 2007 and 2008, in these warm shallow salt lakes, ferred habitats appear to be favoured by localities used for characterized by seasonal availability of water and high refuse dumping (Den Hartog, 1981; Cook & Guo, 1990). salinity (Tziortzis, 2008). Althenia was recorded in sev- As a colonizer of saline shallow waters that dry up in the eral locations, and in relatively high abundances in both summer, A. filiformis is threatened by pressures directly study areas. In the Larnaca salt lakes complex, the spe- acting on its habitats, which alter their natural charac- cies was recorded in all lakes (Orphani, Soros, Spyros), teristics. As in many other Mediterranean wetlands, A. except for the main lake (Alyki) in which extreme salin- filiformis faces severe threats such us human alteration, ity values were recorded. It was found forming extensive habitat fragmentation, pollution, etc. that could lead to patches in shallow waters up to 40 cm in depth, but was its extinction from the island. Therefore, conservation mostly recorded at depths of less than 20 cm, with salin- management measures are required urgently. In Cyprus, ity values ranging from 19 to 56‰. In the Akrotiri wet- in particular, in view of the competing demand for water land, Althenia was found in three locations (Alyki, the use, coastal areas are in the focus of various human ac-

Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 239 tivities and illegal trespassing in these wetlands is com- compressed, to 5 mm wide, dichotomously branched in one mon practice. Due to severe risk of habitat alteration and plane, tapering towards the apex to 1 mm in diameter; in disturbance, we consider this rare species as endangered cross section, medulla lax, composed of a network of both for the flora of Cyprus and suggest its insertion in the Red stellate cells, 35-40 μm in diameter with 3-5 extensions, Data Book of the Flora of Cyprus. and long rhizoidal cells, up to 160x12 μm; subcortical cells rectangular to rounded, 40-60 μm in diameter, decreasing 1.2. First report of the red alga Sebdenia dichotoma in size towards the cortex; in surface view, pigmented corti- (Rhodophyta, Sebdeniaceae) in Greece cal cells ovoid, 3-6 μm in diameter; gland cells absent; tet- By K. Tsiamis, M. Salomidi, V. Gerakaris and Y. Issaris rasporangia scattered in the cortex, cruciately divided, to 30 μm in diameter. Only a few individuals were found, scat- The red alga Sebdenia dichotoma Berthold is re- tered on hard substrata (Fig. 2) and associated with large ported for the first time from Greece. Specimens were stands of Osmundaria volubilis (Linnaeus) Norris. collected at a depth of 25 m in July 2012 from the Kor- First described from Italy (Berthold, 1884), it has inthiakos Gulf (Gulf of Corinth), in Livadostra bay (38° also been reported from the Western (Coppejans, 1979) 11.962’ N, 23° 7.439’ E), by means of SCUBA diving. and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Taskin et al., 2008), Thalli were erect, up to 7 cm in height, reddish, carti- the Iberian Atlantic coast (Berecibar et al., 2009), and the laginous, smooth, rising from a basal disc; fronds slightly Canary Islands (Gil-Rodríguez et al., 2003).

2. Animals 2.1 Range expansion of the burrowing goby Try- pauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) to the Mediterranean Sea By D.Yaglioglu, D. Ayas, D. Erguden and C. Turan

The burrowing goby Trypauchen vagina (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) has a widespread distribution throughout the Indo-Pacific, South Africa coast, and New Cal- edonia (Salameh et al., 2010). It inhabits estuarine and coastal waters and it occurs in silty or muddy areas, at a depth of 20-90 m (Murdy, 2006). T. vagina was recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea along the Is- raeli coast, north of Tel Aviv, in December 2009 and it was considered as a Lessepsian immigrant (Salameh et al., 2010). The next record of the species in the Mediter- ranean Sea was reported in October 2010 from Iskend- erun Bay (Akamca et al., 2011). One T. vagina specimen was collected by a commer- cial trawler on 28 October 2012 on the Anamur coast- Mersin Bay, Turkey (35°53′28″N, 33°09′19″E) at a depth Fig. 2: Sebdenia dichotoma in the field p( hoto by M. Salomidi). of 25-30 m. The specimen (Fig. 3) was deposited in the fish collection of Duzce University, Faculty of Art

Fig. 3: Trypauchen vagina caught in North-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Turkey.

240 Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 and Science, department of biology (catalogue number: 2.3. First record of the alien decapod shrimp Melicer- DUFC/2012-001). The morphometric characteristics tus hathor (Decapoda, Penaeidae) in Greek waters and the colour patterns of the specimen are in agreement By K. Kapiris and K. Dogrammatzi with the description of T. vagina by Randall (1995) and Murdy (2006) as well as by Salameh et al. (2010) and The second dominant group among alien species Akamca et al. (2011). in the Mediterranean is crustaceans (159 species) and The finding of T. vagina in Mersin Bay suggests that among them decapods is the prevalent group (Zenetos the population is expanding westward in the Mediterra- et al., 2012). The Aegean Sea hosts 27 alien decapod nean Sea. It would be interesting to investigate the feed- (9 Dendrobranchiata, 1 Caridea, 17 Brachyura) crusta- ing habits of T. Vagina in its new environment and its ceans (21 Indo-Pacific, 6 Atlantic species) (Kapiriset al., interactions with other native and alien fish species. 2012). The invasive shrimp Melicertus hathor (Burken- road, 1959) lives in shallow marine and estuarine waters 2.2 Gebiacantha talismani (Bouvier, 1915) (Decapoda, (to a depth of up to 40 meters), on sandy-mud bottoms Upogebiidae) in Turkish waters (Dore & Frimodt, 1987). M. hathor differs from all other By M. Sezgin, A. S. Ateş and T. Katağan Mediterranean penaeids in that the anterior process of the thelycum bears two long tapering “horns”. Available information on the thalassinid crustacean The studied Indo-pacific decapod is established in fauna of the Turkish Seas is relatively restricted compared the Levantine Sea (Yumurtalik Bight) (Çinar et al., 2011) to other parts of the Mediterranean. Nevertheless, Ateş et and has also been reported in other western Turkish ar- al. (2010), compiling the updated list on Turkish decapod eas, such as Antalya (Gokoglu and Kaya, 2006) and Gök- crustaceans, have added five thalassinid species. In June ova Bay (Yokes et al., 2007), close to Kastellorizo island. 2012, two individuals of Gebiacantha talismani (Bouvier, The present invasive species has expanded, as expected, 1915) were collected during a grab (0.1 m2) survey cruise to Greek territory. This study is the first record for M. along the Turkish Mediterranean coast, the Akkuyu coast hathor from Greek territory. of Mersin specifically (36° 11’45” N and 33° 53’ 29” E). Three individuals (two males and one female) were A Van Veen grab was used at depth of 78 m on a mud bed caught on a 10-20 cm deep sandy bottom, using a brail covered with mollusc shell remains. The specimens were photographed (Fig. 4) and deposited in the invertebrate collections of the Hydrobiology Department, Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University with catalogue code: SNU-FF/ CRS/2012-01. Ngoc-Ho (2003) reported that this thalassinid species was found on the soft-bottoms (muddy sand) with shells at depths between 20 and 150 m. Likewise, an- other specimen was found on a bottom with shell remains at a depth of 155 m in southern Spain (García Raso, 1996). According to Ngoc-Ho (2003), the general distribution of the species is along the Central Mediterranean (Malta), Eastern Mediterranean (Lybia and Greece) and northwest coast of Africa, from Morocco to Congo. This is the first record of the genus Gebiacantha from Turkey and, based on this reference, the number of thalassinids in the Turkish seas has increased to six. Fig. 5: Three individuals of Melicertus hathor caught in the Kastellorizo Island area.

Fig. 4: General view of Gebiacantha talismani, found in Akkuyu, Mersin (photo by M. Sezgin).

Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 241 net, in the Agios Savvas area (36o 08’06’’ N and 29o 2.5. Amphistegina lobifera in Zakynthos island, Io- 35’38’’ E, Kastellorizo island, Aegean Sea) in August nian Sea 2012. The specimens were transferred to the Institute of By M. Triantaphyllou and M. Dimiza Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research; they were identi- Amphistegina lobifera Larsen is a tropical Indo- fied, measured by electronic calliper and photographed Pacific endosymbiont calcifying benthic foraminiferal (Fig. 5). The carapace length (CL) of males was 29.04 species. Nowadays, it is the most successful foraminifer and 26.79 mm, while that of the female was 29.11 mm. invader in the coastal ecosystems of the eastern Mediter- The total lengths (TL) were 98.27-103.83 and 111.45 ranean, owing to the ongoing warming trend (e.g., Trian- mm, respectively. The total weight (W) of males was taphyllou et al., 2009; Koukousioura et al., 2010; Langer 9.94-11.47 gr and that of the female was 15.94 gr. The et al., 2012). Because of its obligate algal symbiosis, its above measurements were similar to those of the speci- relatively long (one-year) life span (Triantaphyllou et al., men found in Gökova Bay (Yokes et al., 2007) or smaller 2012) and requirement for clear, nutrient-poor waters, than those found in Antalya (Gokoglu and Kaya, 2006). it has been proposed as a non-indigenous but sensitive indicator of water quality in the eastern Mediterranean 2.4 First record of an alien jellyfish Cassiopea an- (FORAM-index; Koukousioura et al., 2011). dromeda (Forsskål, 1775) from the Mediterrane- Amphistegina lobifera (Fig. 7) was collected from an Coast of Lattakia (Syria) northern Alykanas bay (37.53 N, 20.45 E, NE Zakynthos By H. Durgham island, Ionian Sea) on July 2012. It was found in algal ma- terial collected at a water depth of less than 0.5 m. During Cassiopea andromeda (Forsskål, 1775) is a venom- the study period, mean monthly sea surface temperature ous scyphomedousa, whose native range includes the and salinity reached 24.1oC and 38.56 ‰ respectively. Red Sea and the Indo-Pacific Ocean (Mariottini and The species dominated the algal foraminiferal popula- Pane, 2010). The first record of C. andromeda in the Mediterranean was obtained from Cyprus (Maas, 1903). Since then, C. andromeda has been well established in the Levantine and Aegean Seas (Schäffer, 1955; Goy et al., 1988; Çevik et al., 2006; Zenetos et al. 2011; Nico- laidou et al. 2012) but was hitherto unknown from the Syrian coastal waters. Two young C. andromeda specimens (Fig. 6), 5 cm in diameter, were caught in the coastal waters of Latta- kia, about 6 km north of Lattakia port (35°33’48.91” N, 35°43’2.30” E ), on 16 November 2012. The temperature and salinity at the sampling time were 21°C and 39 ‰, respectively. The two specimens were collected at depths of 0.5 and 3 m, they were photographed, fixed in 4 % formaldehyde, and stored at the zooplankton laboratory of the High Institute of Marine Research, Tishreen Uni- Fig. 7: Amphistegina lobifera from Zakynthos. versity (Syria).

Fig. 6: Cassiopea andromeda collected near Lattakia Port, Syria (photo by H. Durgham).

242 Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 tions with a relative abundance of up to 75%. Living A. a higher percent of freshwater mites in the ingested ani- lobifera specimens ranged in diameter between 0.3 and mal food of fishes was found in water bodies (lakes and 1.6 mm. The high proportions (exceeding 87%) of juve- streams) with generally oligotrophic conditions restricted nile and intermediate-sized tests (<0.1 mm) indicate that either to higher elevations in mountains and arctic and asexual reproduction takes place during this period, fol- boreal areas (Sokolow, 1940). lowing the life-cycle pattern described for the Aegean The specimen collected from Piran Bay (Fig. 8) is in Sea (Triantaphyllou et al., 2012). good agreement with the original description (Morselli, Amphistegina has already been mentioned from the 1980). In addition, we provide some measurements of the Ionian Sea (Corfu Island; Langer et al., 2012), whereas specimen from Piran Bay, which represent the first record it is recorded for the first time from the island of Zakyn- of this species found in a gut of a fish from Slovenia. thos. Apparently, the observed high relative abundances are the result of very successful inhabitation of this species, implying significant impact on the structure and composition of local benthic foraminiferal communities and important contribution to carbonate sand-size sedi- ments.

2.6. Report of Pontarachna adriatica Morselli, 1980 (Acari, Hydrachnidia), from Piran Bay (Slov- enia), found in a fish gut By V. Pešić, M. Grego and T. Chatterjee

The single specimen of Pontarachna adriatica Morselli, 1980, was collected during gut content analysis of the Golden grey mullet (Lisa aurata (Risso, 1810)) collected in Piran Bay (45.48906 N, 13.57947 E) at the depth of 12 m. This species was described by Morselli (1980) from the northern Adriatic brackish waters (Italy) Fig. 8: Pontarachna adriatica female from Piran Bay (photo and later on reported from the Turkish Black Sea coast by M. Rihter). (Sinop Bay) by Pešić et al. (2013). The water mite family Pontarachnidae Koenike, 1910, the only family of the Hydrachnidia occurring in Female: Idiosoma length/width 320/300 µm; genital the marine environment, represents a diverse and wide- field 60 µm long; postgenital sclerite bowed, 40 µm in spread, but still neglected group of marine meiofauna length; palp: total length 208 µm; dorsal length (in µm) (Pešić et al., 2012). Most species are characterised by of palpal segments (P-1-5): P-1, 24; P-2, 48; P-3, 48; bright orange or red colouration. Pontarachnid mites tend P-4, 68; P-5, 20; gnathosoma 94 µm long; dorsal length to be distasteful to fish (Kerfoot, 1982). However, some (in µm) of I-leg (segments 2-6): 36, 48, 45, 62, 82. studies have shown that pontarachnid mites occasionally occur in the gill filaments or in the gut of marine fishes. 2.7 First occurrence of Menoethius monoceros La- Pontarachna episce Smit, 2008, was collected from a gill treille, 1825 in the Gulf of Tunis (Northern Tunisia) filament of the Shi Drut or Bearded Umbrine (Umbrina cirrosa), collected in the Mediterranean Sea near Turkey By J. Ben Souissi, J. Zaouali, M. Rifi and C. d’Udekem (Smit, 2008). Liu et al. (2008) studied the feeding habits d’Acoz of Austrolethops wardi, a gobiid fish inhabiting burrows of the thalassinidean shrimp Neaxius acanthus in the M. monoceros is a widely distributed Indo-Pacific seagrass beds of Barrang Lompo and Bone Batang Is- shallow-water species occurring from the Red Sea to land, Spermonde Archipelago (Indonesia), and reported Hawaii and from Japan to South Africa (Dai and Yang, that pontarachnid mites represent 2% of all the ingested 1991). In the Red Sea, the species has been recorded in animal food of this fish. It is worth noting that freshwa- several localities: the Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai Peninsula, ter mites (Hydrachnidia) also occur sporadically in the the Gulf of Suez, and Dahlak Archipelago (Griffin and gut of fishes. However, in some cases, hydrachnid mites Tranter, 1974). So far, it has been recorded only once were found in large numbers in the gut of freshwater in the Mediterranean Basin: a specimen found in 1978 fishes: In Lake Prosunduy, Russia, water mites attained in the cloaca or a sea cucumber collected off Sparviero a maximum of 384 individuals in one specimen of Core- Island in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Falciai, 2002). It is usually gonus peled (data taken from Sokolow, 1940). In general, recorded from lower shore to 33 m, between algae, on

Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 243 gravel, on oyster beds, on coral reefs, etc. (Griffin and suggested by Yeo et al. (2011). This occurrence in Tranter, 1986) and sometimes found in the cloaca of Northern Tunisia is probably the result of environmental holothurians (Falciai, 2002). modifications such us climate change and anthropogenic During a field survey in Northern Tunisia, near pressure, strong enough to allow such bioinvasion. This the small fishing port of Sidi Daoud (37°02’40 61»N record confirms the tendency of numerous non-native - 10°54’25.50»E), 0.1 m depth, on rocks, in February species in Tunisian waters to expand, materialized by the 16, 2011, a single male specimen was collected (Fig. 9, flux of the Lessepsian crabEucrate crenata from the Gulf coll. Mme Jamila Ben Souissi, Royal Belgian Institute of Gabes to the Gulf of Tunis (Ben Souissi et al., 2003). of Natural Sciences). The long entire rostrum of this short-legged spider crab is unique for Mediterranean 2.8 Notes on some alien species colonizing artificial majoideans. However, it must be pointed out that this species is very variable under various names (Griffin and substrata in Saronikos Gulf Tranter, 1986). By L. Polychronidis, S. Katsanevakis, Y. Issaris, F. Kerkhof and A. Zenetos

The Saronikos Gulf, which hosts one of the busiest ports in Europe, is known as a hot spot area for introduced biota in Greece (Zenetos et al., 2011). During a rapid assessment survey conducted in September 2010, five alien species were collected. The sampling sites were within the limits of the Naval Base of Salamina and surrounding Hellenic Navy installations, which are restricted areas, and required special access permission. Due to security restrictions, they had never been sampled previously for the presence of marine alien species. Sampling was conducted by snorkelling at two sites: Site 1 was the Frigate station (part of the Naval port) Fig. 9: Menoethius monoceros (Latreille, 1825), male, northern in Salamina Naval Base (approximately 37º58’7.61″N; Tunisia, rocky shore near Sidi Daud (drawing by C. d’Udekem d’Acoz). 23º32’10.20″E) and Site 2 was the breakwater and surrounding infralittoral zone in the area in front of the Navy The occurrence of M. monoceros in the Gulf of Tunis Petty Officer’s School in Skaramangas (approximately was unexpected. So far, it has been recorded only once in 38º0’3.21″N; 23º35’21.05″E). Samples were collected the Mediterranean Basin: a specimen found in 1978 in the by chisel scrapping from artificial substrates (concrete cloaca of a sea cucumber collected off Sparviero Island in breakwaters) and additionally, in the case of site 1, from the Tyrrhenian Sea (Falciai, 2002). This finding could be the keels of three moored vessels (Frigates). Specimens the outcome of accidental maritime transport, the species were preserved in alcohol and stored in the laboratory of being considered as easily transportable in this way (Yeo the Hellenic Centre of Marine Research. et al., 2011). Since this date, the species has not been The barnacles Balanus (Perforatus) perforatus (Bru- recorded in the Mediterranean. Its recent occurrence in guière, 1789) and Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854, domi- Tunisian coastal waters is probably due to maritime nated the species collected (Fig. 10) along with Mytilus transport via ship hulls or ballast waters. However, this galloprovincialis, Pinctada radiata, Ostrea spp and Pa- crab could also have crossed the Red Sea via the Suez tella spp. Three barnacles (Balanus trigonus, Megabala- Canal as did many other so-called Lessepsian species. nus tintinnabulum and Megabalanus coccopoma) (Fig- The lack of records between the Red Sea and Tunisia ure 1) and two bivalves (Chama asperella and Cucurbit- does not support the hypothesis. Nevertheless, despite ula cymbium), that were previously unreported or poorly the regular monitoring of maritime fauna in Turkey reported from the Saronikos Gulf, are of special interest. and Israel, the lack of exploration along the southern On the contrary, the pearl oyster Pinctada radiata is very coast of the Levant Basin could explain the significant abundant in the Saronikos Gulf. number of undetected Lessepsian species. Since only one Balanus trigonus Darwin, 1854 specimen of M. monoceros has been found in northern Many specimens of Balanus trigonus (several with Tunisia, it cannot be ascertained whether populations animal) were collected from both sampling sites, either have established there. directly attached to the artificial substrata (concrete piers The presence in Northern Tunisia of the Indo-Pacific and one frigate hull) or attached to mussel Mytilus sp. tropical and subtropical majoid Menaethius monoceros shells living on the rocky shore or attached to the hull. confirms the high capacity of its dispersal, as already It has been noted that this species commonly co-oc-

244 Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 Fig. 10: Barnacles found attached on one of the frigate hulls in Saronikos Gulf (photo by F. Kerckhof, RBINS). curs with Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Kerckhof et al., ported due to its similarity with M. tintinnabulum. 2010), which was also the case in this study. The species Chama asperella Lamarck, 1819 is widely distributed in the North Aegean Sea (Koukou- Chama asperella, misidentified as Chama aspersa ras & Matsa, 1998) including the Gulf of Thessaloniki Reeve, 1846 in the Mediterranean (Appeltans et al., (Antoniadou et al., 2013). This is the first record of this 2013), is a very common Indo-Pacific epifaunal bivalve, species in the Saronikos Gulf. which was first reported from the outer Saronikos Gulf Megabalanus tintinnabulum (Linnaeus, 1758) and Evvoikos Gulf in 2007 (Ovalis & Zenetos, 2007) and A number of empty specimens of Megabalanus tin- later from the Thermaikos Gulf where it had been collect- tinnabulum were collected from sampling site 1, (Site 1: ed even earlier (2005: Manousis et al., 2010). Two liv- frigate hull and in situ, site 2: in situ). This cosmopolitan ing specimens were found among aggregates of oysters barnacle is a common species in the fouling community and barnacles. The species is now considered to be well of ship hulls and has thus be been frequently transported established in Greek waters, presumably transported by all over the world. It has been recorded as an introduced shipping, but natural expansion of Red Sea populations species in both the European coast of the Atlantic Ocean into the Mediterranean cannot be ruled out. (Kerckhof et al., 2007) and the Mediterranean Sea al- Cucurbitula cymbium (Spengler, 1783) though it is not considered as established in the latter. The Cucurbitula cymbium (ex Gastrochaena cymbium) is species has been previously reported from Greek waters; a tropical Indo-Pacific alien species. It is known from the it was found on a ship hull in 1996 (Zenetos et al., 2009). Saronikos Gulf since 1974 (Tenekides, 1989) and was re- Megabalanus coccopoma (Darwin, 1854) cently reported from the Thermaikos Gulf (Manousis et al., One empty specimen was present in an aggregation 2010). In our samples, a few living specimens were found of barnacles scraped from the hull (Fig. 1) of a frigate boring into oysters attached to concrete piers at Site 2. at Site 1. This species is also a common member of the The study area is situated in the northernmost part fouling community of ship hulls (Kerckhof & Cattrijsse, of the Saronikos Gulf, inside the semi-enclosed Elefsis 2001). It has often been confused with M. tintinnabulum bay, a heavily anthropogenically disturbed area (Gala- in the past, although there are clear differences between nopoulou et al., 2009). Both sampling sites are in very both species (Kerckhof & Cattrijsse, 2001). This species close vicinity to a major shipyard, an oil refinery, and has as native distribution restricted to the Central Ameri- a number of scrap yards. This heavy shipping activity can Pacific coast (Henry & McLaughlin, 1986). During seems to be responsible for the introduction of many spe- the past decades, however, it has been introduced to vari- cies in the Saronikos Gulf. Although apparently not all ous regions all over the world including the North Sea, have been established yet, the repeated introduction of West African waters and Japan (Kerckhof et al., 2007; certain species e.g. on ship hulls could eventually lead Kerckhof et al., 2010), but not in the Mediterranean. This to their permanent introduction. It is worth mentioning is the first record from Greek waters but also from the that one of the frigates (site 1) had recently returned Mediterranean, where the species is presumably unre- from peacekeeping duties as part of a NATO task force

Medit. Mar. Sci., 14/1, 2013, 238-249 245 from the Persian Gulf. At present (3/2013), the majority of the mesozooplankton composition annual cycle in a of the approximately 100 marine alien species recorded coastal area of the Northeast Levantine in 1998 revealed in the Saronikos Gulf are suspected to have been intro- the occurrence of C. furcatus throughout the year, with duced through shipping (AZ, unpublished). It is known higher abundance values (70 ind m-2) in autumn (Uysal that increasing worldwide ocean traffic enhances both the & Shmeleva, 2012). In spring 1998, the species was re- translocation of biota and the chances of survival and es- corded in the Sea of Marmara (Unal et al., 2000), while tablishment of species in non-native regions (Kerckhof et its presence in the western Mediterranean requires confir- al., 2010). All five species included in this study seem to mation (Razouls et al., 2005-2012). have been introduced in the area through shipping, which The analysis of a subsample collected at a station is the most common pathway of introduction of marine positioned at 39o 26 N and 25o 33 E (Northeast Aegean alien species in Europe (Katsanevakis et al., 2013). Sea) revealed the presence of a female specimen of C. furcatus (Fig. 11), whose diagnostic features are in full 2.9 Centropages furcatus (Dana, 1849) in the Aegean agreement with the figures given by Razoulset al. (2005- Sea 2012). The sample was obtained in January 2011 by ver- tical towing of a WP-2 net in the 0-50 m layer. During By I. Siokou the sampling period, the Levantine Intermediate Water (Temperature: 16.2 o C and Salinity: 38.8) covered the The calanoid copepod Centropages furcatus is a cos- entire water column of the above station (Zervakis, pers. mopolitan epipelagic species inhabiting mainly the equa- commun.). The occurrence of the species in the North- torial and subtropical zones (Razouls et al., 2005-2012). east Aegean Sea suggests its spreading by the Levantine In the Mediterranean Sea, it was firstly recorded in the Intermediate Water pathway from the NW Levantine Sea waters off Lebanon, considered as a Lessepsian immi- through the eastern straits of the Cretan Arc and along the grant (Lakkis, 1990), and its presence is most important east Aegean Sea. in the warm period (Lakkis, 1995). In September 1988, one specimen of the species was found in the upper 50 m Acknowledgements layer of a station positioned at 36o N and 29o30 E (NW Levantine Sea), (Siokou-Frangou et al., 1999). The study The authors I. Tziortzis K. Kadis and E. Papaster- giadou would like to thank the Research Organization of Cyprus (IPE) for the funding support of their study. K. Tsiamis, M. Salomidi, V. Gerakaris and Y. Issaris are very grateful to the TOTAL Foundation for the support of their study. D.Yaglioglu, D. Ayas, D. Erguden and C. Turan thank the captain and the staff of the trawler “Is- mailogullari 1”. K. Kapiris and K. Dogrammatzi wish to express their gratitude to Mr. Kostas Tsapatzis and Mr. Aggelos Tsapatzis for their contributions to the sampling of the shrimp Melicertus hathor. V. Pešić, M. Grego and T. Chatterjee are thankful to Marjan Rihter (Slovenia) for the photograph of the Pontarachna adriatica specimen. I. Siokou would like to thank the General Secretariat of Re- search and Technology for funding the MEDEX project.

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