Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council Historic Environment Strategy This document has been written by

Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council DRES PO Box 26 Archway Road Huyton Knowsley L36 9FB www.knowsley.gov.uk

Adopted 11 July 2013 Contents

Executive Summary 5 PART ONE 1. Background 7 2. Introduction 9 3. Historic Environment and Heritage as a Catalyst 11 4. Definition and Scope 12 5. Aims and objectives 14 6. Knowsley’s Historic Built Environment as a Resource 15 7. Archaeology, Geology and Topography 17 8. Archaeology by District 18 9. Heritage Assets 21 10. Strategic Fit and Heritage Policy Context 22

PART TWO Issues and Actions 24 Understanding 24 Positive Actions 24 Developing Partnerships 25 Best Practice 26

ACTION PLAN A. Historic Buildings 27 B. Conservation Areas 29 C. Historic Environment Records/Archaeology 31 D. Historic Parks, Gardens, Graveyards and Landscapes 32 E. Funding and Resource Management 33 F. Working with Others 34 G. Local Planning Policy and Practice 35 H. Corporate Responsibility 37 I. Skills 39 J. Information, Education, Access, Promotion and Marketing 40

3 ACTION PLAN TABLE 42

FURTHER READING 49

GLOSSARY 51

APPENDICES Appendix 1 List of Designated Heritage Assets 52

Appendix 2 Conservation Areas in Knowsley 56 List of Designated Historic Parks and Gardens 57 List of Historic Graveyards - None designated 57

Appendix 3 Case Studies: Former and Existing - Heritage 58 Led Projects in Knowsley

4 Historic Environment Strategy for Knowsley

Executive Summary contribute to broader strategic objectives such as economic development, urban The purpose of this document is to set out a regeneration, good urban design and town comprehensive and integrated Historic planning, tourism, leisure, recreation, cultural Environment Strategy for Knowsley to form and community development; provision of the basis for conservation and heritage formal and informal education, development activities in the Borough from 2013 to 2018 of skills, and sustainability. This strategy aims and establish principles to be followed in the to help define, reinforce and bring these longer term. diverse aspects together.

Knowsley has a unique heritage which should The document is in two parts: be preserved and enhanced for present and Part One sets out the background and future generations. The strategy advocates a achievements of Conservation in Knowsley. holistic and joined up approach to the It defines the scope, aims and objectives, management of the Borough’s historic assets. outlines Knowsley’s heritage resources and The delivery of the strategy will require a describes the links between this document partnership approach between the Council, and other strategies. its partners and key stakeholders. Part Two addresses key issues and The main focus of this strategy is on physical proposed actions. heritage such as buildings, monuments, settlements, landscapes, archaeology, parks, The overall objective of the strategy is: open spaces, maps and archives. In addition it recognises other, less tangible characteristics “to ensure that appropriate understanding, which help to form Knowsley’s local recognition and consideration is given to the distinctiveness and identity that also make a historic environment and heritage assets of significant contribution to the Borough’s Knowsley so that they may continue to be cultural and natural heritage. The historic preserved, enhanced, utilised and accessible environment is a valuable asset which can for present and future generations”.

5 The aims of the strategy are: funding priorities and assist external funding bodies to clearly understand future • To identify, recognise and have an conservation and heritage priorities in understanding of the nature of Knowsley. In summary the key actions Knowsley’s historic environment and its contained in the strategy are: heritage assets. • the promotion of and adherence to best • To raise awareness of Knowsley’s practice heritage and issues surrounding its management. • improved corporate working

• To actively promote the role and • improved communication and opportunities presented by conservation developing partnerships with external and heritage in terms of the wider groups regeneration and economic development of the Borough and • enhanced access to information and provide a framework for investment. advice

• To promote best practice with regard to • continuing development of links with stewardship, advice, education, policy formal and informal heritage education and project implementation at a local, regional and national level. • improving access to assets and new audiences • To develop existing and new audiences, learning initiatives and promote • action to preserve, enhance and partnership working between public, regenerate the historic environment private and voluntary sectors. • promote heritage activity and a positive • To promote positive action and develop image of Knowsley initiatives that secure the future and ensure the preservation and enhancement of Knowsley's heritage assets.

• To foster continued use, enjoyment and access to the Borough’s diverse heritage assets and ensure it contributes positively to quality of life today and for future generations.

Four key themes underpin the Historic Environment Strategy: Understanding, Positive Action, Developing Partnerships and Promoting Best Practice

Key action areas have been developed from these themes and are included in an action plan with short, medium and long term targets to be developed, monitored and reviewed in light of available resources. This will inform

6 Part One 1. Background

The purpose of this document is to set opportunities dictate that in the future clear out a comprehensive and integrated Historic priorities must be established both in terms of Environment Strategy for Knowsley. developing the Council’s own heritage projects The strategy is concerned with the planning, as well as providing support for projects led by development, regeneration and management others. It is therefore necessary for the Historic issues affecting Knowsley’s historic Environment Strategy to provide a clear environment. It also recognises heritage in its framework for investment in the Borough’s broader sense such as museums and heritage over the next few years. As future galleries, archives and collections, or local applications are made for external funding, a traditions and festivals. In some cases the clear strategy will send an important message Council is responsible for the management to funding bodies that the Council has a clear and promotion of these assets, but in many vision, established priorities and a framework cases they are owned or managed by private for implementation in place. or voluntary sector groups and organisations. In key areas of conservation projects, the The Council has been successful at securing Council has an enviable track record namely: substantial levels of external funding for heritage-led regeneration activities and has • The Restoration of Historic Crosses, supported these projects through its own Milestones and Landmarks Project capital programme. These projects have been (Heritage Lottery Fund and KMBC) managed and delivered to an exceptionally RHCML 2006 - 2008 high and exemplary standard, a feature that • The Conservation Skills and has been recognised by external funding Interpretation Project (Heritage Lottery agencies and professional institutions as one Fund and KMBC) CSIP 2008 - 2011 of Knowsley’s key strengths. • The securing of £1.8 million of Heritage Lottery Funded investment for The Changing national policy, changes to Prescot Townscape Heritage Initiative legislation, limited resources and funding (THI) 2013 - 2018

7 Such high quality ‘conservation through regeneration’ work has received considerable praise and this has been recognised nationally. Knowsley Council wishes to expand its success presenting a proactive approach to conservation and heritage activity across the Borough. It is important that this strategy develops new and existing links to economic development and regeneration.

8 2. Introduction

The Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley community groups and creating a better and comprises of small towns, suburbs and more sustainable environment. countryside, lying to the east of Liverpool. It takes its name from the village of Knowsley, Heritage provides ‘roots’, a sense of place though the main townships are Huyton, and local identity; it can provide a focus for Prescot, Kirkby, Stockbridge Village and engagement and discussion. It can establish Whiston. The rest of the Borough is in the a basis for a range of activities including main open countryside, punctuated by small economic, cultural, social and environmental rural villages such as Cronton and Tarbock and provide a basis or vision for the ‘future Village and Tarbock Green. The Borough’s history’ of a community. Engagement in the rural and semi-rural fringes are an important historic environment, heritage and in environmental asset that is complemented by conservation offers a wide range of education, an extensive network of green spaces within training and skills development opportunities. the urban environment. Heritage assets are a fragile and finite Each of the urban areas within the Borough resource. Each has its own intrinsic value has its own particular historic background and may come under a variety of pressures. and characteristics which has a rich, varied To ensure they are sustained for the enjoyment and unique history. Since the formation of of future generations there is a need for Knowsley in 1974 the evolution of the Borough collective responsibility for their care and continues to be relevant to people living within stewardship. This requires an understanding and outside the Borough and its history and of the nature and value of our heritage assets heritage act to shape people’s lives and the in order to ensure that any decision making landscape around them. The historic and proposed changes positively preserve or environment plays an increasingly central role enhance their unique value. in the delivery of a range of public policy objectives including education, economic The value of the historic environment is development, sustainable growth, urban enshrined in national government policy and regeneration, cultural development, and legislation. This is articulated by local supporting local communities. The historic government policy and practice, supported by environment also underpins many successful local amenity groups and expressed in the projects aimed at improving quality of life, popularity of historic buildings and places in transforming areas, empowering local the public mind.

9 Knowsley’s historic environment comprises of Heritage : is used to refer to the values that historic buildings that are of national people attach to particular buildings, culture importance and are therefore designated as a places and events. These heritage assets heritage asset or listed building, or buildings make a significant contribution to local that have a strong local importance and are a identity and distinctiveness. They help to local heritage asset. Conservation Areas are enhance the quality of our lives through their designated because they are recognisable contribution to the local environment, culture, as areas of heritage significance the education and leisure. buildings, boundary walls, landscapes views and vistas contribute to a unique and valued Conservation: refers to the active process historic environment. of management of these heritage assets. It often involves striking a balance between Museum and gallery collections are an preservation and sympathetic alteration in important part of heritage. These collections order to ensure the long term survival of a are an irreplaceable learning resource for historic building area or structure. present and future generations and it is the fundamental duty of Knowsley Council to act Preservation: refers to the process of as guardians of this heritage, providing maintaining the essential character and fabric opportunities for people to engage with the of a heritage asset in an unaltered state in museum collections and ensure they are as order to prevent its decay or destruction. rich, diverse and inspiring as they can possibly be. Whilst this strategy respects the value of collections in relation to heritage it primarily reflects the value and needs of the built environment.

The range of benefits and opportunities which relate to the Borough’s unique historic environment and heritage assets are set out below. It is only through careful management, protection and investment in the maintenance, repair and adaptation of those assets that these substantial benefits can continue to be realised.

10 3. Historic Environment and Heritage as a Catalyst

Regeneration development. It avoids the use and waste of Heritage assets and the wider historic scarce resources associated with demolition environment are key elements in the and new build development. It retains the regeneration of urban areas facilitating their skills associated with the original construction aspirations to 21st century needs and helping of the historic building. the transformation of failing areas into thriving sustainable communities, creating places Traditional Skills and Education where people choose to work live and visit. The historic built environment provides opportunities for traditional skills to be taught Urban Design Quality and Variety to trades people in the construction industry. The historic environment provides locally Particular skills, knowledge and experience distinctive design, superior urban design, are required to manage, maintain, repair and legible townscapes, mixed use, greater alter heritage assets in a manner that variety of urban forms and quality public conserves their value for future generations. realm. It provides a basis for understanding The repair and maintenance of the historic architectural design and urban morphology. fabric is a niche market where specialist skills It makes a positive contribution to the are required by tradesmen to undertaken built environment and creates a stimulus appropriate works. Archives, libraries and for creative and innovative new designs heritage sites provide a tangible resource and styles. creating a better understanding of our past.

Urban Renaissance Local Distinctiveness, Pride and Heritage assets and the wider historic Communities environment are a catalyst for the Investment in historic places and re-vitalisation of urban areas and the understanding through archaeology helps to development of new housing markets has support local communities, preserve local helped to accommodate new uses and distinctiveness and identity and promote local facilitate economic diversification. pride. The regeneration of the historic Historic buildings, in office or domestic environment is more successful than large use, deliver consistently higher yields scale redevelopment. It fulfils the needs of and values than other buildings. local communities, maintaining local cultural, social and economic diversity and place Economic Development and Tourism specific identity. Historic places, buildings, events and activities and a high quality environment can Intrinsic Value maximise economic development, it projects The historic environment has intrinsic value as a positive image attracting additional jobs, the fabric of human achievement in design, investment and tourism. architecture and construction. There is a duty to conserve the historic built environment and Sustainable Use of Resources it is the embodiment of our culture and is the The conservation and refurbishment of the physical representation of the progress and historic environment, especially historic succession of humanity in our environment. buildings, is a sustainable form of

11 4. Definition and Scope

The scope of conservation and heritage is The focus will therefore be on: very wide ranging and can mean a variety of • Conservation Areas things to different people and organisations. • Listed buildings, both local and The terms ‘conservation’ and’ heritage’ statutory embrace history in all its forms from buildings, • Historic Parks and Gardens spaces, art and artefacts to natural heritage • Historic landscapes such as flora and fauna and cultural heritage • Archaeological sites such as customs and traditions, all aspects of • Monuments which can help to explain the past and give a • War memorials more rounded understanding of Knowsley • Public art and statues and its environs. • Locally distinctive places

The focus of this strategy will concentrate on One of the key challenges for the historic the built heritage such as monuments, environment sector is how different buildings, settlements, landscapes, parks, communities can be enabled to explore what archaeology, open spaces, statuary, artefacts, they value about their heritage, which is not and archives. It will also however make always comparable with what might reference to less tangible aspects such as the traditionally have been emphasised by the oral tradition, festivals, dance, music etc, but sector itself. recognise that though these local traditions are an important part of the mix, they can Heritage can refer to numerous assets below sometimes fall outside the direct influence of is just an example of some of the assets that this type of strategy. It also needs to refer to could be covered by the term heritage. other aspects which contribute to a wider Knowsley’s cultural and natural heritage but i. Site’s, structures or buildings relating to will not directly focus on them. past economic activity such as agriculture, milling, potteries, mining, Knowsley’s integrated Historic Environment quarrying watch making, tool making, Strategy embraces a wide definition and textiles, cables, brick making, breweries scope. The terms ‘conservation’ and and munitions etc. ‘heritage’ is are also used in association with policies and action affecting the natural ii. Sites structures or buildings that environment (flora, fauna, geology etc) and illustrate the historic evolution of the cultural heritage (art, local history and commerce and trade in the Borough, traditions, etc) which can and do have strong markets, shops, banks, offices, associations and relationships with the commercial buildings, public houses historic environment, though these are not the and hotels etc. primary focus of this strategy. iii. Sites structures or buildings relating to the historic evolution of the Boroughs transport network: routes, footpaths, roads, streets, milestones, canals, rivers, navigations, railways, highway surfaces, boundary walls, bridleways, toll houses and street furniture.

12 iv. Sites structures and building relating to There are examples of organic and natural culture and cultural identity comprising heritage such as trees, hedgerows, of: places of worship, burial grounds, topographical outcrops and water features. memorials, public art, locations of Less physical and tangible heritage include significant events public spaces myths, stories, song and dance defining (e.g parks, village greens and squares) views, vistas and skylines. public buildings (e.g schools, law and order libraries town halls, places of As can be seen above, the scope of heritage entertainment) etc. This category can be very wide, but the emphasis of the includes anything that reflects past strategy will necessarily need to focus on ways of life and society. heritage assets where the Council has a direct role and responsibility and some influence in v. Sites, structures and buildings relating the decision making or management process. to the aristocracy and nobility including The strategy will also seek to positively manor houses, halls, tenant properties, include or make reference to private and stables alms houses, associated place voluntary sector owned or influenced assets names (ie Knowsley and Sefton). and activities and highlight the Council’s role in encouraging and supporting these. The strategy recognises that management and ownership responsibilities for heritage assets are often complex and shared amongst many bodies, organisations and individuals.

13 5. Aims and Objectives

The overall objective of the strategy is: • To actively promote the role and opportunities presented by “to ensure that appropriate understanding, conservation, the built environment recognition and consideration is given to the and heritage in terms of the wider heritage assets of Knowsley so that they may regeneration and economic development continue to be preserved, enhanced, utilised of the Borough and provide a framework and accessible for present and future for investment. generations”. • To promote best practice with regard to The Historic Built Environment Strategy does stewardship, advice, education, policy not set out to preserve the Borough’s heritage and project implementation at a local, assets ‘in aspic’ rather it aims to promote the regional and national level. dynamic and proactive use of those resources to enhance the Borough’s environment and • To develop existing and new audiences the quality of life for those who live, work or and learning initiatives and promote visit here and contributes to the wider partnership working between public, Merseyside/ North West offer. private and voluntary sectors.

The aims of the strategy are set out below • To promote positive action and develop Aims : initiatives that secure the future and ensure the preservation and • To identify, recognise and have an enhancement of Knowsley’s heritage understanding of the nature of assets. Knowsley’s heritage assets. • To promote continued use, enjoyment • To raise awareness of Knowsley’s and access to the Borough’s diverse heritage and issues surrounding its heritage assets and ensure it management. contributes positively to quality of life today and for future generations.

14 6. Knowsley’s Historic Built Environment as a Resouce

The historic built environment in Knowsley is originally part of Hale, though the two rich and unique. In addition to the 122 townships had separated by the turn of the designated nationally important listed century. Structures of note include the grade II buildings located around the Borough there St Nicholas church and the Eagle and Child are a number of historically significant public house. townships and villages. These include: Knowsley Village is designated as an Prescot is an old market town which follows ’outstanding’ conservation area. It is located the traditional medieval burgage plot pattern. within a rural setting and is typical of a historic Prescot has a wealth of historic architecture village with its village green, wide open including timber framed, sixteenth / spaces and coppices of trees. The buildings seventeenth century, Georgian and Victorian comprise of workers cottages, lodges and buildings. The town’s watch making and farm houses and are characteristic of the horological past is evident in the streets and village’s charm. As the area is so unique buildings. The wire and cable making industry certain permitted development rights have of BICC is strongly associated with the town. been removed to protect the character of the The town is also documented as having its village. Structures of note include the Grade own Elizabethan theatre. The Council has II* St Marys Church and the Grade II been awarded Heritage Lottery Funding for Knowsley Vicarage and the workers lodges. Prescot Conservation Area. The Townscape Heritage Initiative is a five year programme Kirkby was significantly developed in the which aims to revitalise and regenerate the 1950s with the clearance of areas such as town utilising the historic environment as a Scotland Road, Liverpool. However, certain catalyst and working in partnership with local areas of Kirkby have significant historic stakeholders. interest, areas such as Old Hall Lane where it is believed a chapel existed around 870AD. The Village of Cronton , dates from the The impressive Grade II* church of St Chads thirteenth century and was renowned in the began construction in 1869 and was sixteenth century for its array of tool- designed by the notable architects Paley and workshops. The village has historic links to Austin. The introduction of the railways in the the watch making industry of neighbouring mid to late 1800s changed the landscape of Prescot. Localised architecture of sandstone Kirkby significantly and several villas were barns are in close proximity to the former built in the new residential area called Kirkby seventeenth century sandstone quarry of Pex Park. The rail network provided the Hill. Structures of note include Cronton Hall opportunity for Liverpool businessmen to live and Cronton Cross. in the unspoilt rural environment and this can be seen in the buildings on Glovers Brow, Halewood Village retains the character of a South Park Road and North Park Road. In Victorian village with its open aspects, green contrast Ingoe Lane retains the impression of areas and well spaced buildings. The a quiet enclave in a rural area. Its group of Conservation Area includes an ecclesiastical Victorian buildings did include the former ‘Tile group of Victorian buildings located adjacent and Brick’ works which served the Croxteth to an earlier inn and cottages. The area was estate of Lord Sefton.

15 Huyton’s areas of significance include St. Tarbock Green and Tarbock Village are Michael’s Conservation Area which is located predominantly rural and are two settlements on a prominent hilltop site adjacent to the located adjacent to each other on the main administrative centre of the Borough. It thoroughfare of Netherley Road. Tarbock is includes the last remnants of the old village one of the oldest settlements on Merseyside, centre and is based on the twelfth century St. Tarbock and ‘Thorn Brook’ are mentioned in Michael’s Church. The neighbouring Roby the Doomsday Survey of 1086, though it is Conservation Area is a Victorian suburb and is believed to have originated around Saxon centred round the village green and Station times. There is evidence of a seventeenth Road. Yet Roby is known to have had much century inn and brewery house located on the earlier settlement and is mentioned in the site of the current Brick Wall Inn. Doomsday book as Rabil an agricultural village. Victoria Road and Huyton Church Whiston the existing hospital is the site of the Road are Victorian villa estate roads that were former workhouse built in 1843 by Robert developed after the opening of the railway. Morris and designed by William Culshaw of The houses were built in a variety of styles Liverpool on land purchased at the corner of typical of the period and there are some good the Turnpike Road and Dragon Lane, Whiston examples of stucco, brick and cast iron work. The area has two attractive, neo-gothic, The historical ‘significance’ of Knowsley’s church buildings, the Huyton Reformed different settlements as described above, Church and Park Hall which was built in 1856 provides a brief overview of the Borough’s using stone from Huyton Quarry. The area of Conservation resource. It is by no means all Huyton known locally as the Orchard also encompassing and is intended to provide a developed with the introduction of the railway. flavour of the historical importance of the Huyton College and its ancillary building have Borough. A more detailed archaeological since been converted to residential use yet assessment of Knowsley has been extracted these building together with terrace on from the Rural Fringes Report (R Cowell, Pinnington Place retains many of the historic 2002) characteristics.

16 7. Archaeology, Geology and Topography

Merseyside occupies part of the low-lying The only known medieval town in the district Lancashire plain, its structure resulting from is Prescot, the other medieval settlements the formation of four ice-cut channels, aligned being little more than villages or hamlets. in a northwest to southeast direction with Prescot is an old market town which follows intervening low upland ridges. Post glacial the traditional medieval burgage plot pattern. drift was then laid down around these ridges. Much of the plot layout and street pattern of Knowsley basically occupies one of these drift medieval Prescot survives virtually intact. filled glacial channels with higher sandstone There are few early settlement cores of ridges outside the district running through significant size in the Borough. There is Knowsley Park, Prescot and into Rainhill in potential for archaeological remains to be the St Helens District. Occasional sandstone found at locations dating from the medieval outliers are found within the district in the west period notably Roby, Huyton, Kirkby and and southeast. The drift geology is mainly Prescot. Other commercial cores in the boulder clay covering two thirds of the district. district were formed in the late post-medieval period (c1700 to 1851). The earliest (pre-conquest) settlement patterns in the Knowsley landscape are visible Recreational and ornamental land is generally as dispersed farmsteads, vernacular cottages found at the fringes of settlement in Knowsley and ribbon settlement. The residential areas and includes several golf courses and (pre-conquest) in the Borough are recreational grounds. Much of the Borough is concentrated in three bands in the northern, dominated by Knowsley Park. Halewood central and south western parts of the Triangle Park was created in an area of former Borough. A number of small village railway cutting, lies at the western edge of the settlements have origins in the medieval Borough. period these include Knowsley, Kirkby, Cronton and Roby.

17 8. Archaeology by District

Cronton was recorded as part of the Hundred Present landmarks include some buildings of Warrington the township’s ownership can that date to the Post-medieval and early be dated back to the twelfth century. industrial periods such as Wellbrook Farm The area of Pex Hill is recorded as common and Wellbrook Cottage, Brook House Farm, land in the mid thirteenth-century and by1659 Yew Tree Farm and Yew Tree House Farm. there is evidence that this may not yet have Historic landmarks include Olde Hutte the been fully enclosed. From the seventeenth manorial seat of the Ireland family century onwards the township passed to a excavations had shown the moated site number of freeholders, the most powerful of date to at least the early fourteenth century. whom were the Wright family, who possessed Yew Tree House another medieval moated the Hall until the early nineteenth century. site demolished during a 1970s housing Cronton Hall (c1740), was restored in the development was believed to be the hunting Victorian period by the Wright family, but lodge of the Derby’s. contains some eighteenth century features (gates and posts). There are numerous The Ford factory and the inner city move out post-medieval and later farm buildings, of Liverpool during the 1960s brought mass including Holly Farm House and Penny Lane housing and industry to the area. farm building (post medieval) which is a cruck building. Historic landmarks included a Huyton is a fairly flat township the Church of medieval Windmill which stood on Pex Hill St Michael stands on high ground in the north unfortunately there are no extant remains on west of the village. This is thought to be one the ground. of the earliest Pre-Conquest sites in the district of Knowsley. After the Conquest the Halewood The distribution of moated sites parish was divided into Huyton Hey and and dispersed farmsteads suggest that Wolfall. Wolfall passed in sections to the Halewood was wooded during the medieval barons of Halton and through them to the period. Several references to grants of lands Lathom Family. From the mid-thirteenth with rights of common and to assart suggest century there are records of permission being disafforestation probably started to take place granted for ridings or clearance of woodland in the thirteenth century and completed by the for agriculture. Map evidence suggests fourteenth century. Halewood Village former medieval open fields to the east and developed along a linear stretch of road now west of the historic core. Following the called Church Road and ended at a junction opening of the railway the area became a very with Baileys Lane. Both seemed to develop desirable place to live and this led to the during the latter part of the eighteenth construction of Victorian villas in the township. century. However archaeological excavations at Court Farm (2006) located within the Landmarks include Huyton Hey moated settlement core of the village revealed a manor house (medieval) held by the Romano-British settlement and also Harrington family in the fourteenth century. demonstrated further evidence that latter St Michaels church (sixteenth century) much settlement occurred within the early and later altered in the seventeenth, eighteenth and medieval period thus suggesting that the nineteenth centuries. The church is thought village area may have some form of to have earlier origins. Other landmarks settlement core from as early as the Iron Age. include Hazels (1764) a way marker (milestone) and Hurst House this is rebuild of

18 a much earlier house now a golf club house, 1940s but some of the outbuildings still stand. also Huyton Hall (c1830-50) was the first The house was set within a park, but it is not building of the Orchard Estate. known whether this was established with the house in the eighteenth century or if it is the Historical landmarks worth mentioning date remnants of the medieval park. The land now from the sixteenth century but demolished in forms Bowring Park. the 1960s include a post medieval water mill. This recorded on a number of maps including Kirkby the topography of Kirkby is that of a the Huyton and Knowsley map of 1777, the fairly flat township with a slope to the west of Earl of Derby’s estate map of 1785 and the historic core. The low-lying area in the Huyton Tithe map 1830. Two spot finds east of the township is moss land now much include Neolithic axes which were found drained and used for agriculture. Pre south of Huyton the township and a conquest the township was combined with Romano-British coin was located in the Simonswood and at Doomsday it was township. Other significant post medieval recorded as being in the control of Uctred and activity includes, a post medieval barn stands was part of the hundred of West Derby. in the area of Huyton Hey. Present landmarks include St Chads Church and the Vicarage also constructed of red Roby The geology of the township is Triassic sandstone. Historic landmarks include Kirkby Sandstone which outcrops in a few small area Hall (demolished in the 1960s) A medieval but is mostly overlain by boulder clay. watermill to the north of the settlement core is The settlement is a linear development along now evidenced in the field by a grassy Roby Road, centred on the junction with mound. A nineteenth century windmill is Station Road (formerly Twig Lane) and recorded cartographically as having stood on Carr Lane. Excavations in the present core Delf Lane as is a post medieval school built suggest it lies upon the late medieval core. on the glebe which was burnt down in the Roby was granted Borough status in 1372, eighteenth century. suggesting nucleated settlement by the late fourteenth century, and there is map and Early activity is evidenced by a concentration fieldname evidence to the north of the of struck flint found in the mossland area in settlement of open field. In the early the east of the township. A 1995 excavation fourteenth century the lords endeavoured to at the vicarage aimed at locating the early raise the standing of the township. In 1304 a medieval chapel of St Chads has revealed a charter was granted by the king allowing a Bronze Age site. This is further evidenced by weekly market and annual fair to Roby. small quantities of Bronze Age pottery and possibly explains the bronze socketed axe Present landmarks include St Bartholomews found near Kirkby Row. church (1875) is a rebuild of an 1850 church. An early font and bell suggest a previous Tarbock , the settlement core of Tarbock is church on this site. Roby Cross (Medieval) one of a linear nucleated settlement that was stands near the settlement core, but only the focused along the modern named Netherley base and shaft remain. Roby Farm late Road, north part of Greensbridge Lane and (eighteenth century/early nineteenth century) the Tarbock Green area of Water Lane. This is marked on tithe map of 1849. Turnpike Toll area now known as Tarbock Green based on (eighteenth century) is a brick built cottage cartographic observations probably with a steeply pitched roof, which was used to developed originally as dispersed farmsteads collect tolls on the Liverpool to Prescot Road. on the edges of the demesne land to Tarbock Hall and by 1769 Molyneux estate survey had Historic landmarks include Roby Old Hall (late started to develop into a village. By the eighteenth century) replace a sixteenth nineteenth century a brewery was established century hall on the site. It was a brick building within the village area and coal working, in Georgian style and was demolished in the quarrying and brick tiles works.

19 Present landmarks include the medieval site Prescot The original settlement core of of Tarbock Hall and moat. The once moated Prescot based on Bailey’s reconstruction of site of Georgesons Farm is now converted the topography of the town was focused on residential properties. The Motorway the church site with the main thoroughfares extension A5300 skirts the eastern end of the running east from the church, such as the township. Ox Lane, a medieval road, the Old modern named Kemble Street and Eccleston Post Office and Smithy at the junction of Street. Many houses clustered around the Greensbridge Lane and Netherley Road. church wall with the market square set out in front of the dwellings south east of the Historic Landmarks include the medieval church. A hunting park was sited within the moated sites of Peel Hey and Cross Hillocks a demesne land of the church grounds. The watermill west of Georgesons Farm. earliest reference to burgage plots is 1537 which were mainly focused around the Knowsley , the topography of Knowsley is an medieval streets. The earliest reference to a undulating township with a high point in vicarage is in 1445 and for market to be held Knowsley Park. White Mans Dam, a in 1333. manmade lake, sits in the park in the centre of the township. The earliest reference to The earliest reference to Prescot is 1178 AD. dedicated parkland in Knowsley is in 1292 However there are certain features that when Robert de Latham is recorded as having suggest an earlier settlement, a circular a certain wood that his father enclosed with graveyard sited on a hill with a holy well which paling. The Stanleys controlled the manor are typical of a Pre-Conquest church. Prescot from the fourteenth century into the Hall (demolished in 1930s and site occupied nineteenth century. by BICC cable factory) was mentioned in 1453 where a document states that the hall Present landmarks include Knowsley Hall was let to Thomas Stanley, Earl of Derby. It (seventeenth century) a grand stone and brick was rebuilt in 1562 and then in 1568 leased to building. The estate became the land of the John Layton of Prescot. Stanley’s in the fourteenth century but Lathom House (fifteenth century) remained the familys Analysis of sixteenth century documents gives seat until after the Civil War. The earliest an idea of the occupation of the town and section of the current building dates to 1500 Edges 1743 plan show the principal layout of but much of it is seventeenth, eighteenth and the church and streets. By 1850 to the west nineteenth century. The park was officially of the church in the form of a pottery works, formed in the medieval period, with a record tanning yard, market gardens and a bowling of 1337 recording license to empark for John green. The earliest reference to the of Kirkby. St Leonards Ridding Chapel or the horological industry was as early as the 16th Ancient Chapel (twelfth century or possibly century. earlier) St Marys Church (1843-4) in the centre of the settlement core is a Victorian chapel Present landmarks include St Mary’s church which follows a sixteenth century style. which has medieval origins also Vicarage Place, 34 Church Street the former Prescot Historic landmarks would have included a Museum. Some timber framed buildings tithe barn (1720) which stood on the Tithebarn associated with the watch making industry Road and an eighteenth century windmill still survive. which stood to the west of the settlement core at the north west corner of Knowsley Park. Historic landmarks include the former Prescot There is also a watermill recorded in the Watch Factory which later became a printing medieval period. Six alms houses (1883) a works in 1927. Site of a Windmill, pottery parish hospital (1899) and a recreation works and associated New Road field, the ground were gifts of the Stanley family. works demolished and replaced with the terraced housing during the late nineteenth / early twentieth century.

Rural Fringes, R Cowell 2002

20 9. Heritage Assets

The heritage assets of the Borough are There are a number of examples within the numerous both above and below ground. Borough that demonstrate how historic The assets that are nationally significant are buildings and areas can make a major designated heritage assets. A schedule of contribution to the achievement of wider heritage assets including listed buildings and economic development and regeneration conservation areas is included in the objectives. Often national or local recognition appendix of this document. of heritage assets has been the key to attracting major external funding. Heritage assets make or have the potential to make a significant contribution to the quality The Historic Environment Strategy seeks to of life for those living working or visiting in the address conservation and heritage issues Borough. They are also very important in more widely across the Borough in presenting a positive image of the Borough accordance with the Council’s corporate aims for the purposes of marketing, promotion and and objectives. attracting inward investment.

21 10. Strategic Fit and Heritage Policy Context

The Historic Environment Strategy (and future co-ordinated activity continues to be action plan) will respond to, interact with and implemented to tackle financial support the following strategic documents at exclusion in a way that empowers a local and regional level. people to determine sustainable routes of exclusion and also prevents people • Knowsley Replacement Unitary from becoming financially excluded in Development Plan 2006 in respect of the first place. providing a framework for development and in the policy base of which to • Corporate Plan manage change within the historic The purpose of the corporate plan is to environment and ensure adequate inform stakeholders of the Council’s controls. The current Knowsley UDP priorities and how it intends to address was adopted by the Council in July and resource these over three years 2006. The development plan is due to 2012-2015. be progressively replaced by the Local Plan currently under preparation by • Housing Development Supplementary Knowsley Council. Planning Document Advise householder of the guidelines for • External Funding Strategy 2011 house extensions. The external funding strategy is to improve the ways in which external • Ensuring A Choice of Travel funding is secured and used in Supplementary Planning Document Knowsley in order to deliver the Provides guidance on the Council’s Council's vision and corporate transport policy. objectives in an efficient and effective manner whilst managing risk. • Strategy for Knowsley The Strategy for Knowsley sets out the • Economic Regeneration Strategy Knowsley's Partnership's vision to make This strategy sets out how the Borough Knowsley the 'Borough of Choice' by will continue to invest in its people and 2023. The strategy is about agreeing infrastructure to offer the best possible common issues and priorities for platform for continued business Knowsley and identifying where a success, and create a framework for difference can be made to people’s lives businesses, public organisations and by working differently and together. third sector partners to align their activities and investment over the next • Liverpool City Region Visitor three years. Economy Strategy to 2020 The strategy is the base for an action • Financial Inclusion Strategy plan that will be developed to harness Knowsley has refreshed its partnership the opportunities of Liverpool and the Financial Inclusion Strategy to reflect city region for the visitor economy. The the changing financial landscape. The strategy identifies the potential of revised strategy will help to ensure that Prescot as a location for day tourism.

22 At a national level the Historic Environment • National Heritage Protection Plan Strategy supports and adheres to the May 2011 following policy/legal framework. The National Heritage Protection Plan aims to identify those part of England’s • Planning (Listed Buildings and heritage that matter to people most and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 , are at greatest risk and then to establishes statutory duties and powers concentrate efforts on saving them. for the local planning authority in English Heritage have published and respect of Listed Buildings and Action Plan and an Activity Programme conservation areas. It sets out the which is organised into 8 measures. Council’s responsibilities with respect to: • Knowsley Local Plan (Currently under - authorisation of listed building consent preparation by the Council) Work is - the issue of enforcement notices continuing on a plan that will shape the - prevention of deterioration of listed future of the Borough - Knowsley’s buildings Local Plan. This will help us decide - designation of conservation areas where and how we provide new homes, - formulation of proposals for the jobs, leisure and shopping facilities and preservation and enhancement of transport. The plan will promote quality conservation areas of place within Knowsley by protecting - duties in respect of planning functions historically important features and in conservation areas enhance the character, quality and - grant assistance for preservation or diversity of Knowsley’s historic enhancement of historic buildings or built environment. It also seeks to conservation areas protect the character and quality of Knowsley’s rural Villages of Cronton, • Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act Tarbock and Knowsley Village April 2013 Received Royal Assent on 26 April 2013. • Guidance and Technical As part of the Government’s push to Documentation: reduce and simplify regulations it As the national statutory advisors contains a large package of legal English Heritage have a suite of reforms aimed at deregulation and documents relating to the historic promoting growth. The Act includes a environment, sustainability and climate number of changes to the legal change. These documents are referred framework affecting heritage in England to and implemented at a local level by which will provide new and simpler ways the Council. The Society for the to protect and manage heritage assets. Protection of Historic Buildings (SPAB) and the Institute of Historic Buildings • National Planning Policy Framework and Conservation (IHBC) provide March 2012 guides on ‘good practice’ within the The National Planning Policy historic environment along with Framework is a key part of the technical specification for repair and government’s reforms to make the maintenance of the historic fabric. planning system less complex and more The Commission for Architecture and accessible. It vastly simplifies the the Built Environment (CABE) and the number of policy pages about planning. Council for British Archaeology (CBA) The framework acts as guidance for also produce a range of advisory local planning authorities and decision- documents in relation to the historic takers, both in drawing up plans and environment. The Royal Institute of making decisions about planning Chartered Survey (RICS) and the Royal applications. Chapter 12: Conserving Town Panning Institute (RTPI) are and enhancing the historic environment. professional advisory bodies.

23 Part Two

A key challenge facing the heritage sector is Issues and Actions widening participation by encouraging more people from under-represented communities Key Issues and Proposed Action to access the historic environment. It is Four key cross-cutting themes underpin the important that any barriers to participation Historic Environment Strategy: area addressed in the strategy. Understanding, Positive Action, Developing Partnerships and Promoting Best Practice. These are referred to throughout the strategy and an explanation is contained below. Positive Action

Active management of the historic environment is an essential element in the Understanding protection and enhancement of historic assets. There are a wide range of positive “By understanding the historic environment actions and interventions that the Council can people value it...by valuing it they will care for and has taken, ranging from heritage led it...by caring for it they want people to enjoy regeneration projects and programmes it...from enjoying the historic environment designed to transform run down areas in comes a thirst to understand”. social and economic decline, to the promotion and development of heritage English Heritage, Corporate Plan 2011-2015 based tourism. Positive action is often essential to secure the future of historic The historic environment is not an elite or buildings at risk, or undertake planning exclusive place, it is a place where we live, enforcement to control unauthorised works to work and visit, on a daily basis and is also heritage assets. Often the Council has a personal to us all. In order to protect it and statutory duty or responsibility to take a lead enhance it we need to ensure that role in these initiatives. management of change is based on a shared understanding of its value and importance. The success of such positive action requires that clear policies and guidance are in place The Council has a key role in enhancing the and that appropriate mechanisms are public’s understanding and appreciation of established to ensure positive management of the Borough’s historic environment and the historic environment. heritage. It has a responsibility to ensure that The Council has a major role to play in its expertise, knowledge and skills are developing a strong identity for Knowsley accessible to those who need it and to rooted in its heritage. We must build on our develop new approaches to assist previous experiences and work with local improved understanding and management communities to ensure our work is relevant of historic assets. and representative, and therefore encourages public support, engagement and participation.

24 heritage assets which require regular works. Developing An example of this can be seen with Canal and River Trust (formerly British Waterways) Partnerships where many of the canal bridges require repairs on a regular basis. A predetermined "We are thrilled to be working in partnership contract and schedule of approved repair with Civic Voice and the National Trust as one works are agreed between the appropriate of the three charities taking Heritage Open Council and the Trust. This negates the often Days forward to a strong, sustainable future. time consuming process of approval through Run by volunteers for the benefit of their local the planning and listed building process. communities, it is the largest voluntary cultural event in England; with over a million visits last Knowsley Council recognises the importance year and over 40,000 volunteers giving up of partnership work indeed during the their time to share their passion and formation of the Prescot Townscape Heritage knowledge with their neighbours”. Initiative application partnership working was essential to secure the funding from Heritage Lloyd Grossman OBE, Chairman of the Lottery Fund. The Partnership Board will Heritage Alliance 2011 continue to determine the direction of the Prescot THI during its five-year duration. Heritage assets are by their very nature fragmented and involve a wide ranging and Partnership working has significant potential, diverse group of organisations, agencies, and the strategy should reflect a desire to individuals and voluntary groups. The value include, involve and stimulate interest in the of a partnership approach to delivering the heritage of Knowsley, ensuring that the roles aims and objectives of this strategy is and responsibilities of protection, recognised and it is vital to its success. management and celebration are share be all concerned.

Heritage partnerships as a way forward to It is essential that Knowsley Council is seen conserve assets as an organisation that plays a central and coordinating role in pulling together the Partnership working is essential to derive the interests of the ‘heritage community’. most effect way of conserving the historic Partnership working is fundamental to the environment. Well informed friends, volunteer heritage sector and is a resource that should groups working in partnership have had a be harnessed and developed and not taken dramatic effect on conserving the historic for granted. There are clear advantages in environment. In the current economic partnership work, including: climate, where resources and time are at a premium, good partnership working is • Community development/Outreach recognised as the way forward to achieve the • Higher Profile/Greater Influence most positive outputs for the historic • Increased Capacity environment. • Increased Effectiveness/Ability to Achieve Goals Heritage Partnership Agreements are • Funding Benefits becoming more common as way forward to • Access to/Sharing Expertise maintain and repair heritage assets. A • Increased support for an organisation’s heritage partnership agreement can be used work to agree a way forward for a series of necessary works to be undertaken on a heritage asset. This is more commonly used for larger organisations that own a number of

25 Broader benefits in developing a collaborative important that potential partnerships are working culture include: identified and that we encourage public and private agencies to interact with the Council. • A potential for greater community It is essential that in the current economic impact climate additional sources of funding are • Local empowerment sourced for the historic environment, for its • Ensuring that voluntary sector is not repair, maintenance and vibrancy. seen as ‘fragmented’ • Independent thinking and action

Building Preservation Trusts, Development Best Practice Trusts and other voluntary sector agencies play a significant role in securing the future of The Council continues to promote best key buildings, maintaining ownership by and practice and the management of the historic access for the local community. Building environment and to attract a wider audience Preservation Trust and voluntary/charitable at local, regional, national and international trusts have access of funding available to level. Equally it is essential for the future that them through various funding bodies for Knowsley Council maintains and builds on its example Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF). track record of success, and continues to Statutory providers have access to other establish and promote itself as an sources of funding by working in partnership organisation that delivers best practice in funding and resources can be pooled to conservation and heritage. Finally it is obtain the greatest positive impact on the fundamental that the Council promotes best historic environment. The historic practice in conversation across the Borough environment sector has debated how we and leads by example when dealing with its identify what people value. Different own heritage assets. communities are likely to value different elements of the historic environment.

It is important that the value of the historic environment is recognised by all the Council’s departments and associated organisations as a shared resource which cuts across all disciplines and service delivery. Heritage is recognised as an issue which affects everyone’s quality of life and is relevant in many aspects of the Council’s policy. It is

26 Proposed Action Action Plan A1. Approach English Heritage to seek their support/participation for a review of the A. Historic Buildings statutory list of buildings of special architectural and historic interest for the Borough. Direct interested parties to the Background English Heritage site for the Listing Selection Guides and the Listing The identification of Listed buildings is carried nomination proforma. out at a national level by English Heritage, the statutory advisor to the Secretary of State. The Planning Act specific to listed buildings and conservation areas is the Planning (Listed A2 Recognition/Local List Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended. However other Acts are adhered There are many buildings within Knowsley to in relation to other issues other that, whilst not meeting the national criteria for components of the historic environment. listing, are nevertheless of considerable local and architectural historic interest. These The Borough of Knowsley is served by a include many fine Late Victorian and single statutory list, which identifies all Edwardian buildings. UDP policies, Central buildings and structures assessed to be of Government policies contained in the National special architectural or historic interest Planning Policy Framework (2012) and the according to national criteria. At a local level it National Heritage Protection Plan (2012) is carried out by the local authority under the support the retention and sympathetic umbrella of the policies contained in the alteration of such buildings where retained policies of the Unitary Development development proposals are under Plan (2006) and the emerging Local Plan. consideration. The Good Practice Guide for Local Heritage Listing (2012) provides the Issues guidance and the approach for the community and a local authority to jointly A1 Recognition/ Statutory identify heritage assets. Having a local heritage list provides clarity on the location of List Review the assets and what it is about them that is significant, guaranteeing that strategic local The statutory list for the Borough of Knowsley planning properly takes account of the was last reviewed in 1992 by Department of desirability of their conservation. Culture Media & Sport (DCMS). In more recent times English Heritage has tended to At present Knowsley Council does not have concentrate on listing on a thematic basis local list. There is a need to genuinely involve including churches. This has led to a number the participation of Knowsley residents and of churches in Knowsley being re-graded to a interested parties in the development and different classification such as St Nicholas compilation of a comprehensive local list. Church Whiston as Grade II and St Marys Proposed local list building owners shall be Church, Knowsley Village to Grade II*. notified and the local list should be published on the Council’s web site once it has been Other non designated heritage assets have scrutinised and approved. been suggested to English Heritage for inclusion on the statutory list by the Council and other interested parties such as friends groups and local residents. Proposals for listing can put forward to English Heritage by any interested party and further details and the application for listing can be found on the English Heritage web site.

27 Planning legislation provides local authorities Proposed Action with the powers to take action to ensure A2. Compile a comprehensive local list of buildings on the statutory list are kept in good important local historic buildings. repair and as a minimum are proofed against Review local list on a periodic basis, the elements. The Council must prioritise its local list to be published and accurately actions and resources to provide support to maintained. owners to find new viable uses for buildings at risk or undertake statutory measures to ensure adequate protection and repair.

A3 Buildings at Risk Proposed Action Knowsley does not have any entries on the A3. Regular review of the condition and national English Heritage, Heritage at Risk occupancy of listed buildings within the Register for 2012 or 2013. However this Borough to identify Buildings at Risk Register excludes Grade II Listed Buildings and set priorities for action. and Parks and Gardens. There are number of Grade II designated Knowsley heritage assets were there are issues which could deem them A1 - A3 Potential threats (if no action taken) to be at risk. • Continued loss or damage to the Borough’s heritage An interim Buildings at Risk (BAR) • Uncertainty for developers, owners and assessment was undertaken in 2012 and this local communities in areas undergoing will be monitored. The future survival of a rapid change leads to delays in number of historic buildings on the statutory planning process list is under threat as a result of under • Historic buildings in poor condition will investment or neglect by building owners. continue to deteriorate and fall into Lack of maintenance and disrepair is often irreversible decay related to partial occupancy or vacancy.

28 A point of note Prescot has received a B. Conservation £1.8million Heritage Lottery Fund grant for the Prescot Townscape Heritage Initiative (THI) in Areas March 2013. THI funding can only be applied for by a local authority working with partners Background and must be related to a conservation area at risk. It is a statutory duty for Local Authorities to periodically review Conservation Area Issues boundaries and consider whether new conservation area designations are B1 Review of Existing Conservation appropriate. The control of new development Areas within conservation areas is the responsibility of Local Planning Authorities under statutory The Council designated its existing 15 powers derived from the Planning Acts. Conservation Areas in Knowsley in 1978 since that time a number of boundaries have been The most English Heritage ‘Heritage at Risk changed. A comprehensive review is now Register, North West 2012 lists two required to reappraise existing conservation Conservation Areas in the Borough as being areas, review existing boundaries, and assess at risk. the merits of potential new areas which may • Prescot previously have been overlooked. It is a • South Park Road (removed from list statutory requirement that such a review is June 2013 due to significant clean up of subject to public consultation and curtilage land and rebuild of boundary participation. wall)

Conservation Areas are defined as being at Proposed Action risk if, their historic character has diminished B1 review and revise boundaries to all over the past three years, or is expected to do existing conservation areas as so over the next three years. The two appropriate such that all conservation conservation areas in Knowsley were areas have an up to date appraisal and considered as being at risk have been management plan. included due to a combination of factors including Listed Buildings at risk: loss of historic detail and vacancy/dereliction, B2 Designation of New development pressures, lack of investment, and the condition of the public realm. Conservation Areas

Having identified these issues it is necessary The designation of historic places of special to assess the extent of the problems both in architectural or historic character and these conservation areas and in the remaining appearance as conservation areas may be ones not considered to be at risk. By required to enable planning and management continually reviewing the Borough’s decisions to fully respect the character and conservation areas and identifying their appearance of these places. important elements and features we can take appropriate actions to safeguard them for the future. Whenever opportunities present Proposed Action themselves we should seek to enhance the B2. Examine potential areas for designation character of the conservation areas in the as new conservation areas with Borough by adopting robust management recommendations for action. regimes to ensure positive measures are put in place to reverse decline.

29 B3 Conservation Area Character works which benefit from such permitted Appraisals development. To be effective it is essential that such controls continue to enjoy public support and understanding, and that Local authorities are required to define and management and decision making is describe the character of conservation areas in consistent. order to make effective and coherent decisions in respect of development proposals affecting them. Conservation Area Character Appraisals/ Proposed Action Statements assist and inform the Councils B4. Review of existing and potential Article 4 development control decision-making. directions in all existing and proposed They are also used to target resources conservation areas. effectively and promote community understanding, interest and involvement in local conservation issues. The production of such appraisals is required at planning B5 Conservation Area Management appeals and public inquiries in order to justify Plans and support planning decisions. As with listed buildings, the lack of a conservation area It is vital that proposals for the management, reviews results in uncertainty to owners, preservation and enhancement of developers and local communities alike, conservation areas are also developed and particularly in areas experiencing significant brought forward for implementation to meet development pressure or undergoing rapid the needs of existing and future communities, change, and can introduce substantial delays including the publication of Conservation Area in the planning process. At present only Management Plans. This will ensure Prescot conservation area has had a review adequate protection is in place. resulting in a revised conservation area that has been prepared in accordance with English Heritage guidance. Proposed Action B5. Prepare and publish Conservation Area A number of others are currently being Management Plans for all designated assessed at the time of the publication of this Conservation Areas as appropriate. strategy.

B1 - B5 Potential Threats (if no action taken) Proposed Action • Conservation Area boundaries may B3. Prepare and publish Conservation Area become obsolete and introduce Appraisals/statement for all existing and uncertainty to owners, developers and proposed conservation areas. local communities • Character of existing conservation areas are harmed by new development or B4 Article 4 Directions unsympathetic works • Lack of investment Planning controls in Conservation Areas are • Currently unprotected historic areas limited to works that are defined as suffer irrevocable change to their developments under the Planning Acts. In character residential areas there is a wide range of • Planning appeals in conservation areas works, known as ‘permitted development’ lost because no clear statement of which does not normally require planning character permission but can cumulatively have a • Loss of public support for and detrimental impact upon the character and understanding of conservation areas appearance of conservation areas. The designation of Article 4 Direction enables a planning authority to restrict the range of

30 • To inform strategic policies and decision C Historic making relation to spatial planning, development control and land Environment management. • To support heritage led regeneration, Records/Archaeology environmental improvement and cultural tourism initiatives. There are 37 registered ancient monuments in Merseyside none of which are located in Proposed Action Knowsley. However Knowsley does have C1 As the record is managed on a pan sites of archaeological importance and these Merseyside basis Knowsley Council are protected through the Planning Acts and ascribe to the management and local policy. maintenance of the record. The Council will secure archaeological advice when The Historic Environment Record (HER) determining applications for resource is a specialised resource which can development or potential national and be used to: local designations. • Advance knowledge and understanding of the Historic Environment. The HER C2 The Council will (where appropriate) will be continuously enhanced and take the opportunity to place conditions updated, it will comprise of a digitised requiring the accurate recording of built record of all known heritage assets in fabric or landscaping that will be the Merseyside region and is supported altered, concealed or lost through the by a much larger collection of paper- implementation of approved works. based, map-based and photographical These records will be deposited on the information. HER. • Improve its protection. Archaeological resources are consulted for information on planning applications, road schemes, new pipelines, large scale planting schemes. Detail will be sought from the service in regard to the archaeological implications of such developments. • Support its conservation, management and enhancement, Advice on the management and policy for the protection of archaeological sites and landscapes. This advice is available to the Local Authority, public utilities, landowners, developers, builders, minerals operators and agricultural bodies. • To promote local archaeology and history as a resource for education and enjoyment. In this way we can encourage a greater understanding and appreciation of the regions rich cultural heritage and promote greater public participation in it exploration.

31 D. Historic Parks / Issues D1. Historic Parks, Gardens, Gardens / Graveyards Graveyards and Landscapes

/ Landscapes Recognition of the historic and architectural importance of these features can often be Background overlooked in day-to-day management and maintenance or long term planning. No local Knowsley encompasses a number of register of parks, gardens, graveyards, designed landscapes, graveyards, parks and landscapes of historic importance exists - the gardens of national, regional and local development of such a list will assist in the significance. These are not only of historic development of appropriate policies and importance but often they also provide a management in order to safeguard these setting for historic buildings and high quality valuable resources for the future. It will also open spaces. Many public parks were created establish a base from which opportunities for from the grounds of large private properties external funding can be exploited. before transfer to public ownership in the C19th and C20th. Historic graveyards can have important historical association, which Proposed Action may transcend matters of architectural merit D1. Identify and appraise historic parks, or design. Some historic landscapes, which gardens, graveyards and landscapes. have evolved over a long period of time, may not be suitable for conservation status but D2. Review fabric and condition, whilst may merit recognition and protection under promoting development of individual existing or future local planning policies. strategies for the sustainable management and maintenance.

D1 - D2 Potential Threats (if no action taken) • Potential erosion of character, quality and condition of heritage assets through inappropriate management • Opportunities for external funding missed

32 E Funding / Resource Proposed Action E1. Consider the establishment of funds to Management support pro-active conservation activity across the Borough. Background

Section 57 of the Planning (Listed Buildings E2. External Funding and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 provides Local Authorities with the powers to offer In exceptional cases substantial funding is financial assistance to help owners to carry available from external sources to assist in the out repairs and enhancement work to historic development and implementation of buildings or conservation areas. There is an conservation scheme. A small conservation assumption in the Act and government fund can be particularly effective if used as a guidance that local authorities should take pump-priming mechanism to attract external positive steps to enhance the character and funding eg the HLF is able to offer up to 90% appearance of conservation area. For large funding to eligible projects subject to the schemes grant assistance may be available deficit being found from other sources: the from Government or European funding Architectural Heritage Fund (AHF) is able to programmes, English Heritage, the Heritage offer low-interest loans to Building Lottery Fund and other lottery distributors as Preservation Trusts (BPT’s) to provide the well as a number of smaller charitable bodies. working capital to carry out projects. The Sources of funding can also be used to development of partnerships to co-ordinate enhance conservation areas and develop and bid for additional external resources, public information, guidance and backed by modest sums from the Councils interpretative material. Knowsley has own budgets, can generate significant attracted substantial resources for investment in historic environment projects. conservation led regeneration.

Issues Proposed Action E2. Consider identify and seek external E1. Conservation Fund sources to support activities identified and prioritised in the conservation Constraints on local government funding have strategy. exerted great pressure on grant schemes, E3. Support the activities of Building similarly funding from external sources is both Preservation Trusts and other not-for- limited and strictly targeted. In practice most profit heritage organisations operating historic building or areas do not benefit from the Borough. public grants or loans and building repairs and enhancements must be carried out and funded by private owners. Nevertheless the E1 - E3 Proposed Threats (If no action taken) availability of small levels of grant can have a • Lost opportunities for projects that significant impact upon the character and would benefit the Borough and its appearance of historic buildings and areas: it residents. stimulates private investment in and wider • Lack of investment in the historic public support for conservation, ensures that environment. work is carries out to high standards, can act • Lack of awareness of how significant the as a catalyst for further private investment and historic environment is to everyday life. can avoid the need for more costly action by • Lost opportunities to form heritage the Council in the future. partnerships and instil a sense of ownership in local people. • Likely to be more heritage ‘at risk’.

33 F. Working with F2. Liaison with External Bodies - National/Regional Others It is essential that the Council actively maintains contact with strategic partners at a Background regional and national level, government bodies, businesses, property owners and The responsibility for the stewardship of the national amenity organisations to see their wider historic environment is shared by a support and assistance in achieving large number of individuals, groups and conservation objectives in Knowsley and to organisations, central and local government, promote better knowledge and understanding businesses, voluntary bodies, faith groups of the importance of Knowsley’s unique and individual property owners, as well as historic environment. users’ and visitors’ buildings and sites.

Issues Proposed Action F2. Maintain and further develop good F1. Liaison with External Bodies - working relationships and contacts with Local strategic partners at regional and national level. Knowsley benefits from a number of energetic and active local amenity and voluntary groups with a keen interest in conservation, this F1 - F2 Potential Threats (if no action taken) network is presently somewhat disparate, and • Local knowledge and enthusiasm left some groups appear to work in isolation. untapped Stronger links between these groups will • Poor working relations ships between increase the potential for more effective the Council and local voluntary groups conservation in the Borough. The Council is • Lack of profile for Knowsley at a able to encourage and create the conditions regional and national level for better partnerships working on projects of • Opportunities for developing strategic mutual interest and for greater dialogue. The objectives may be missed establishment of Borough wide Conservation • Loss of Council’s reputation and Area Advisory Panel to provide to the Council credibility at a local, regional and on current applications for development national level. within historic areas could be considered as a significant first step to developing co- operative working.

Proposed Action F1. Maintain and develop good working relationships and contacts with local amenity groups and voluntary sector organisations.

34 undertake effective development control G. Local Planning monitoring and enforcement in order to Policy and Practice protect the investment.

Background Proposed Action G2. Maintain and develop effective control The Government required Local Planning and ensure enforcement is exercised Authorities to adopt conservation policies in over unauthorised works to listed development plans and give practical effect to buildings within conservation areas and them through development control decision their setting. making. Effective development control in the historic environment requires particularly close attention to detail to assess the full G3. Speed and Quality of impact of proposals, active monitoring and a Development Control Decision- commitment to enforcement when it is Making necessary. The Council is committed to continuous Issues service improvement and the speed of decision-making in the development control G1. Planning Policy process is an area of work that is closely monitored. The use of standardised The Knowsley Replacement Unitary conservation conditions for use on planning Development Plan (Adopted June 2006) applications affecting listed buildings, contains strong policies for conservation of development in conservation areas and other the historic environment. It is essential that elements of the historic environment will this firm policy base be maintained through assist in maintaining and developing service the emerging Local Plan and Action Plans. delivery, and secure substantial improvements in the speed of decision making. Proposed Action G1. Maintain a firm policy base for conservation of the historic Proposed Action environment. G3. Creation of standardised conservation conditions for use in development control decision-making . G2. Development Control and Enforcement G4. The Conservation Resource The effectiveness of the development control system depends upon a vigorous and Application for planning permission, listed consistent approach to decision making, and building consent, conservation area consent the determined use of enforcement powers to and advertisement consent which affect control unauthorised works and breaches of historic buildings or areas throughout the condition. This applies to both built heritage Borough are subject to specialist consultation and underground archaeology. Furthermore, with the Conservation Officer. Many proposals where substantial external funding is offered require discussion and amendment either at to the Council in respect of area based or pre- or post application stage to ensure that historic building enhancement schemes, the they are of an appropriate standard to obtain Council is required by contract to agree to approval. The resource of a single

35 Conservation Officer can be significantly over shop-front guidance and additional guidance stretched at times, and a review of resources documents relative to the historic available for conservation work is desirable, environment. The conservation /planning given that enhancements could bring department will when necessary prepare improvements. appropriate design briefs for sensitive sites.

• Proposed Action Proposed Action G4. Review the resources available for G5. Prepare design briefs for identified sites, conservation work and specialist advice shop-front design guidance, Work in on the Historic Environment. Up-skill close association with English Heritage and utilise Student/Intern as an and the Design Council /CABE, adopt additional conservation resource. good practice guidance on acceptable works within specific historic environments. G5. Promote the adoption of the highest architectural standards for G1 - G5 Potential Threats (if no action taken) all new development in historic • Quality of development control decision- areas. making weakened • Planning appeals lost The quality of submitted design schemes for • Uncertainty for owners/developers new development can be highly variable and • Planning decisions inconsistent on occasion poor or uninspired. The Council, • Lack of time to negotiate improvements as a local planning authority has in the past to design of planning applications been reactive to new proposals rather than • No enforcement of planning/listed proactively seeking high standards of design. building contraventions The Council has close links with CABE • Design of new development is of poor /Design Council and English Heritage and is quality and fails to respect site context. in a position to promote the adoption of the highest architectural standards for new development in historic areas. The Council already has as number of design guidance documents and is in the process of drafting

36 • H Corporate Proposed Action H1. Identification of Council-owned historic Responsibility buildings and structures, and consideration be given to the Background preparation of ‘conservation plans’ for future management. Knowsley Council has many diverse roles as an owner of buildings and land as highways authority, as planning authority and as a H2. Highways and Public Realm provider of leisure recreational and tourist facilities. It also takes a particularly pro-active The special character of historic features on role in regeneration, economic development, highways and within the public realm such as housing and education. It is essential that the natural stone paving and kerbs, stone-setted Council’s corporate responsibility for surfaces or historic street furniture is conservation of heritage assets be taken into extremely vulnerable to damage or loss account in exercising its many different through work carried out by contractors, functions. The Council’s responsibility for the statutory undertakers or private developers preservation and enhancement of the historic and owners. The same is true of any environments needs to be recognised that all archaeological deposits sealed beneath these services play a role in this. There is already structures. The development of a code of an existing cross Council departmental practice to integrate management of approach to the impact on the historic highways and public realm works within the environment. However, this could be historic environment, including conservation improved in some areas and it therefore areas would be effective in minimising essential that all services give due potential damage to historic materials and consideration to the importance of features, emphasising the need for quality conservation issues in preparing programmes design and special care are carried out by all. of work and budgets and seek specialist Public realm improvements are often a advice where appropriate to ensure that best significant part of conservation-led practice is adhered to. regeneration, creating a better quality environment and a sense of place that can Issues encourage inward investment. Knowsley has developed a good track record in delivering H1. Council-owned heritage assets high quality enhancement schemes. This should continue and requires the In order to review and rationalise council- development of closer working relationships owned property and provide funding and with Highways and Transportation and other managing heritage assets, it is essential to statutory undertakers, as this will ensure that have full and up-to date information on the heritage considerations are properly extent, nature and physical conditions of considered and respected in any proposals, historic buildings in the ownership of the whether they involve enhancement, Council. Planned maintenance and repairs reinstatement or repair. programmes are essential for the management of heritage assets, based on • regular detailed inspections and conditions Proposed Action reports, and set within the context of H2. Adhere to the ‘streets for all’ guidance individual ‘conservation plans’. (English Heritage) for highway and public realm works within the historic environment.

37 H1 - H2 Potential Threats (if no action taken) • Lack of profile and understanding of conservation activities across all Council services and at Executive • Little integration across Council services and limited Corporative working • Opportunities to develop best practice in conservation • Profile of Council harmed • Erosion of character, quality and condition of heritage assets through poor management • Opportunities for external funding missed • Quality of public realm in conservation area decreases, loss of historic services and poor quality repairs

38 Set conservation projects can be undertaken I Skills by the intern extending the resources of the Council and the intern will benefit from an Background increased knowledge of conservation related work and develop a portfolio of work to show The success of the historic environment work experience in the niche field of strategy depends upon the competence of all conservation enabling opportunities to access those responsible for work or heritage assets. future career aspirations. The conservation It is essential that such work is carried out resource needs to be maintained at a level to with confidence and clarity of purpose at all enable effective delivery in this service. level, professional, technical and voluntary levels. • Proposed Action Issues I1. i. Support and encourage appropriate specialist training for all involved in the I1 Training and skills development conservation of the heritage resource. ii. All Council officers involved with Whilst the use of appropriately trained and heritage issues to maintain and update competent experts is recommended for work knowledge through continuing CPD. on all historic assets, such skills are in short iii. Bespoke training events to be supply. Every effort should be made by the arranged/accessed as when required to Council to promote training in appropriate keep members and officers up to date specialist skills to ensure an understanding of with current best practice. conservation issues to achieve acceptable iv. Support and promote conservation/ standards of work in the historic environment. historic environment internships and work placements. Advice from Council officers will need to follow best practice and a personal development plan for all officers in heritage I1 Potential threats (if no action taken) issues should include specific continuing • Efforts to achieve best practice professional development to ensure that undermined by lack of knowledge, skills advice given is current in line with good or understanding conservation practice, principle and delivery. Internships and work placements are to the benefit of both the individual and the Council.

39 public interest in the historic environment we J. Information, can better understand better what is important to people and take action to protect Education, Access, these elements.

Promotion and • Proposed Action Marketing J1 Work with other Council departments to promote development of education/skills/crafts and desk based Background research to widen access to the Borough’s heritage assets. For heritage assets to maximise their potential to enhance the quality of life of existing and future generations, it is essential that all J2 Access to Information conservation activities continue to recognise the need to promote wider public Limited digital information relating to the understanding and access. Provision of historic environment is available from the appropriate intellectual and physical access is Council’s social media, the internet or in essential if these assets are to make a positive printed formats produced by the Council for and meaningful contribution to the quality of the public. the environment, culture, education and leisure. Best practice in conservation can be prompted by the Council in a number of Issues ways through leaflets, website and advice notes. It also acts as a conduit when J1 Promotion of Local Heritage signposting members of the public to advice Resources and guidance such as HELM (Historic Environment Local Management) a best Knowsley is fortunate in having an extensive practice site run and updated by English range of published materials relating to its Heritage. Leaflets and other documents historic and heritage. These documents are should also be made available in a number of readily accessible at the Borough’s libraries. formats to enable access to the widest There is also an archive service which houses possible audience. documents, maps and photographic material most of which has been digitised. Prescot • Museum has many local historical artefacts Proposed Actions on display and a number of historic maps J2. Develop web pages and publications to most of which have been digitised for easy provide information on the Borough’s historic access. The Libraries and Museum are part environment. of the Councils Leisure and Culture service.

There are sometimes cross cutting themes of heritage in relation to the historic built environment. An improved collaborative approach to heritage projects and cross cutting themes would significantly enhance the heritage and historic environment offer. By working together and encouraging greater

40 J3 Use of Heritage Assets in J1 - J3 Potential Threats (if no action taken) Corporate Marketing /Promotion • Opportunities for education and lifelong learning lost • Quality of life for all diminishes The use of images of Knowsley heritage • Borough presents a poor image to the assets for corporate marketing and promotion outside world is a reflection of their important contribution to • Missed opportunity to educate people local identity and distinctiveness. There use about the heritage of the Borough also raises the profile of conservation projects within the Borough This strategy is to be reviewed annually.

• Proposed Action J3. Production of dynamic portfolio of images of heritage assets for use in corporate marketing/promotion.

41 Action Plan

TASK METHODOLOGY RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS (if no action)

Historic Buildings Review statutory list of Survey Existing Conservation On Going Deterioration historic buildings Buildings: Officer 2013 - 2018 of heritage assets Identify potential heritage - Site Visits Interns assets for inclusion on Loss of - Photographic survey Student national register Borough’s Placements - Desk based heritage Compile a list of locally research Local Heritage important historic Uncertainty of Groups buildings and review - Documented the regularly evidence Friends importance of Groups historic assets Review condition of Liaise with English leading to designated heritage Heritage to update English delays in the assets current statutory list Heritage planning Maintain /Update Identify Volunteers process Building At Risk (BAR) vacant/unkempt Harmful register. Identify BAR buildings and use statutory enforcement change to Identify potential new action where necessary heritage uses for obsolete historic assets or their buildings Determine the setting more guidelines for inclusion Planning for crime likely on a local list in prevention - adopt best accordance with EH practice guidance / best practice Compile a local list database and maintain/update

Conservation Areas Conservation Area Re-assessment of the Conservation Review Deterioration Appraisals/Re-Appraisals existing conservation Officer Appraisals of historic areas and their every 5 years fabric Review of boundaries Interns boundaries Assessment Out dated/ Assess the potential Student Prepare and publish of areas inaccurate inclusion of new areas Placements appraisals on-going information for Conservation Area Local Heritage designation Review of Groups conservation Review/Designate Article area 1-3 4 Designations per year

42 TASK METHODOLOGY RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS (if no action)

Prepare and publish Undertake a Friends/ Uncertainty of Conservation Area conservation area Amenity residents and Management Plans ’health check’ of the Groups developers of public realm, boundary what is English treatments, property permissible Heritage maintenance If not THI Officer Public /Resident undertaken a consultation Volunteer lack of continuity in Publish advisory terms of documents for Article 4 development designated areas and positive Produce historic area action information sheets Opportunity Set out proactive for quality management of each urban design conservation area could be Development missed management Harmful change conservation areas or their setting more likely

Archaeology The Council will secure Tbc Tbc Tbc Tbc archaeological advice for applications and potential designations

Historic parks, gardens, graveyards and landscapes Identify and appraise Identify parks/gardens/ Cross On-going Opportunities historic parks, gardens, graveyards and Departmental to enhance 2014 - 2015 graveyards and landscapes with Council historic parks/ landscapes historical importance working gardens/grave - Site Visits yards and Identify features of Conservation/ - Documentary landscapes historical significance Planning evidence lost Review fabric and - Liaison with relevant THI Officer condition Council departments/ Arts & Identify opportunities for friends groups and Heritage joint working and fund national societies Culture raising

43 TASK METHODOLOGY RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS (if no action)

Identify potential for Cemeteries A lack of heritage interpretation Manager cohesive Church and planning to Provide information of Ecclesiastical maintain funding opportunities to Representatives heritage eligible applicants assets within Friends these environs Look to anniversary’s groups commemorative events Missed Volunteers and celebrations ie opportunities WWI 2014 100 year Library/Archive to tap into anniversary services external funding Identify national historic Property events and link with a owners Lack of public local emphasis awareness of the importance of historic assets Potential erosion of character and condition

Funding and resource management Conservation Fund - Regularly review Conservation On-Going Lost establish fund to support external funding stream Officer opportunities for Annual review pro-active conservation including: investment THI Officer of potential - Heritage Lottery and historic Seek external funding sources of Fund English environment sources for projects funding 2014 - Building Heritage projects Advise friends groups, Preservation Trusts 2015-2016 HLF/BPT/APT Community and amenity bodies and - Architectural Consider amenity groups volunteer groups of Preservation Trusts heritage could miss out financing eligible for - English Heritage project on funding due community groups - initiation to lack of Signpost to appropriate 2016-2018 knowledge or funding streams seek ignorance of Seek additional funding additional funding that could compliment funding Lack of and match existing resources to ownership of heritage schemes continue the the Historic successes Share information across Environment by of THI Council Departments the Knowsley throughout community the Borough

44 TASK METHODOLOGY RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS (if no action)

Working with others Liaise with external Encourage community Cross Council On-going Local agencies participation: Departmental knowledge - Presentations Work and Maintain good working - Link into existing enthusiasm relationships and contact Amenity public awareness left untapped with amenity groups and Groups/ events volunteers Community Poor working Signpost community, groups relationships Encourage and develop friends and amenity between good relationship with Volunteers groups to existing council and strategic partners at regional, national Knowsley voluntary local regional and groups Chamber of groups national Commerce Adopt best practice Lack of profile Encourage networking at principles and work English for Knowsley a local regional and with front of service Heritage at Regional national level officers Police and National Advice and co-working level with statutory bodies in Property Opportunities relation to topical Owners for developing national trends. ie theft Merseyside strategic affecting heritage assets Conservation objectives Officers may be Group missed Institute of Historic Buildings and Conservation

Local planning, policy and practice Establish firm policy base Establish firm policy Planning Continuous Quality of for conservation and the base for conservation of Policy Team decision Shop Front historic environment the historic environment making for Enforcement Guidance development Standardise conservation Maintain and develop Officers Summer control could conditions effective controls and 2013 Planners be weakened enforcement action Promote quality design Liaise with Conservation Planning and highest architectural Standardise Planning Officer appeals lost standards Conservation conditions Policy on National and Local Plan Planning Technical guidance for Prepare design brief for regional decisions specific architectural sensitive locations strategic inconsistent features ie sash windows Review resources advisers available for Students/ conservation. Utilise interns student-intern placements THI Officer

45 TASK METHODOLOGY RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS (if no action)

Draft and publish good Potential guidance of acceptable poor shops works in the historic frontages environment: which detract - Shop Front from the Guidance conservation - Conservation Area area as a Guidance whole and Keep up to date on deter shoppers changes to policy, and reduce legislation nd updates foot fall to best practice - Lack of time publications and officer to negotiate CPD improvements Deliver in-house to design on training to officers/ planning members? applications No enforcement of planning listed building/ planning contraventions Poor design in new development

Corporate responsibility Identification of Council Draft conservation Liaison with Ongoing Lack of owned historic structures plans include: Council understanding and drafting of - maintenance plan departments of the historic conservation plans for - monitor condition responsible for: environment future management - record ‘hot spots’ - Conservation across the within the building - Public realm Council’s Continued ‘good ie potential failings - Highways departments practice’ for highway and of materials, - Housing public realm works within Lost inappropriate use of - Parks and the historic environment opportunities modern materials gardens to develop - Cemeteries Assess inclusivity and best practice in legislative compliance Liaison with conservation issues ie DDA community/ interest/ Continue good ‘cross heritage departmental’ working groups to advise at earliest stages

46 TASK METHODOLOGY RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS (if no action)

Conservation input to Erosion of local schemes character, impacting on the quality, historic environment condition of heritage assets through poor management Council loses credibility as custodian of the historic environment if its own heritage assets are poorly managed and maintained

Skills Support and encourage Attendance at relevant Work with On-Going Efforts to appropriate specialist national/regional event local achieve best Legislative training in conservation relating to historic providers practice changes environment and undermined All Council Officers Heritage introduced legislation by lack of involved in heritage Trusts 2013 knowledge, issues maintain up-to Presentations to English Enterprise skills and date skills continued community groups/ Heritage/ and understanding CPD property owners HELM Regulatory Training events to be Member and officer Reform Bill Craft trades arranged/accessed to training events on 2012-2013 keep members and topical issues Conservation THI Skills officers up to date Officer Information sharing 2013-2018 Support and promote planning and THI Officer and conservation Historic enforcement Building ongoing environment internships legacy Bespoke traditional Preservation and placements craft skills and training Trust Student Skills programme to satisfy the criteria of Library/Archive placement essential component of Prescot THI for a services 3 month THI successful project minimum Provide opportunities Intern for conservation/ placement - heritage students to gain 1 per year practical experience in conservation work Research archives and historic maps

47 TASK METHODOLOGY RESOURCE TIMESCALE RISKS (if no action)

Information, education access, promotional and marketing Promote the Borough’s Promote awareness Conservation THI Web Ignorance on heritage through a and educate through officer Pages and historic programme of education the THI programme THI Officer Twitter, building and advisory Facebook maintenance Desk based research to Intern/Work documents. Details to accounts and repair monitor and include the Placement be published on the set up 2013 boroughs heritage assets Lack of Council’s web page, Communications Conservation awareness Signpost general twitter and Facebook. Department and Historic throughout heritage enquiries to the Also produce in Friends/ Environment the Borough appropriate services traditional format Residents and information of the ongoing within the authority ie leaflets Community available on work affecting Develop web pages and Where appropriate, groups web page the historic publications to provide make outputs and undergoing environment information regarding progress of all other update 2013 Poorly the Borough or specific strands of this Action repaired heritage assets Plan accessible to historic different audiences and Produce a dynamic buildings portfolio of images of kept up to date Progress and heritage assets for use Publication of Action achievements in corporate marketing Plan and report on inadequately and promotion progress in meeting recorded, milestones Use approved recognised or development in the Historic environmental shared historic environment as branding via readily an opportunity to capture recognised documents data for the HER ie appraisals and (e.g. obtaining building management plans records, surveys etc via Utilise existing archive planning / LBC of historic digitised conditions) images. Forward additional quality images to communications team for use in promotional material Educational and maintenance events for property owners to be scheduled ie clean your gutters day Target all age groups from Primary school - to ‘university of the third age’

48 Further reading

Architectural Heritage Fund, http://www.ahfund.org.uk/

Arts Council for England, http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/

Civic Voice, http://www.civicvoice.org.uk/

Cowell, RW 2002, b ‘Knowsley Rural Fringes’ in 'The Archaeology of a Changing Landscape: The Last thousand Years in Merseyside', Journal of the Merseyside Archaeological Society, 11,123-166.

Department for Culture Media and Sport. https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-culture-media-sport

Design Council, http://www.designcouncil.org.uk/

English Heritage, http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/

External Funding Strategy Knowsley 2011 - 2013, http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/Revised- External-Funding-Strategy-Spring-2011.pdf

Heritage Alliance, http://www.theheritagealliance.org.uk/

Knowsley Economic Regeneration Strategy, http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/pdf/economic_regeneration_strategy.pdf

Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF), http://www.hlf.org.uk/Pages/Home.aspx

Heritage at Risk Register, North West, 2012, English Heritage

49 Knowsley Conservation Area Appraisals, http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/residents/building-and- planning/design-and-conservation/conservation.aspx

Knowsley Local Plan Core Strategy, Proposed Submission Document November 2012. KMBC

Knowsley Replacement Unitary Development Plan 2006, http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/things-to- see-and-do/local-history/restoration-project.aspx

Liverpool City Region Visitor Economy http://most.merseyside.org.uk/xsdbimgs/TMP_Vistor%20Economy%20full%20strategy.pdf

Merseyside Historic Characterisation Project (Knowsley) 2011, Trustees of National Museums Liverpool and English Heritage, http://www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol/collections/historic- characterisation-project/#knowsley

Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors, http://www.rics.org/uk/

Royal Town Planning Institute, http://www.rics.org/uk/

Scheduled Ancient Monuments List (National Register), http://www.english- heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national-heritage-list-for-england/

Society for the protection of Ancient Buildings, http://www.spab.org.uk/

Streets for All, English Heritage, http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/streets-for-all/

The National Archives, http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/

The National Heritage List of England, English Heritage http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national-heritage-list-for- england/

War Memorials Trust - http://www.warmemorials.org/

50 Glossary

Building Preservation Trust: A Building Heritage: is used to refer to the values that Preservation Trust (BPT) is a charity, the main people attach to particular buildings, culture aim of which includes the preservation and places and events. These heritage assets regeneration of historic buildings. There are make a significant contribution to local almost 300 BPTs in the UK, with 21 BPTs identity and distinctiveness. They help to currently in existence in Northern Ireland. The enhance the quality of our lives through their majority are rooted in their local communities. contribution to the local environment, culture, Some are formed to save just one building education and leisure. and others, known as ‘revolving fund trusts’, save a succession of buildings. Preservation: refers to the process of maintaining the essential character and fabric Burgage is a medieval land term used in of a heritage asset in an unaltered state in England and Scotland, well established by order to prevent its decay or destruction. the 13th century. A burgage was a town ("borough") rental property owned by a king For a comprehensive heritage, historic or lord. The property ("burgage tenement") environment glossary see: usually, and distinctly, consisted of a house http://www.heritage- on a long and narrow plot of land, with a explorer.co.uk/web/he/glossary.aspx narrow street frontage. Rental payment ("tenure") was usually in the form of money, but each "burgage tenure" arrangement was unique, and could include services.

Conservation: refers to the active process of management of these heritage assets. It often involves striking a balance between preservation and sympathetic alteration in order to ensure the long term survival of a historic building area or structure.

51 Appendices Appendix 1 List of Designated Heritage A ssets

Listed Buildings in Knowsley - As amended February 2013

PLACE GRADE LOCATION

CRONTON II 1. Holly Farm House - Chapel Lane II 2. Cronton Cross - Hall Lane II 3. Gate Piers and gates at Cronton Hall - Hall Lane II 4. Sunnyside Farmhouse - Hall Lane II 5. Townsend Farmhouse - Hall Lane II 6. Stocks - Smithy Lane II 7. The Field - The Roundabout II 8. Wayside, Pex Hill, Cronton

HALEWOOD II 9. St Nicholas Church - Church Road (Re-graded from C April 08) II 10. Foxhill House - Foxhill Lane II 11. Yew Tree House Farm - Higher Road

II 12. Railway Bridge - Archway Road II 13. Village Cross - Bluebell Lane II 14. Railway Bridge - Childwall Lane II 15. Church of St Bartholomew - Church Road, Roby II 16. Railway Bridge - Greystone Road II 17. Park Hall - Huyton Hey Road II 17. Newland - Huyton Hey Road including Moorland 1 Victoria Road II 19. Huyton Hey - Huyton Hey Road II* 20. Church of St Michael's - Huyton Lane II 21. Monument - Church of St Michael's - Huyton Lane II 22. Gateway 1, Church of St Michael's - Huyton Lane II 23. Gateway 2, Church of St Michael's - Huyton Lane II 24. Hurst Hall/Golf Club- Huyton Lane II 25. The Hazels - Liverpool Road II 26. Stables - The Hazels - Liverpool Road II 27. Milestone - Liverpool Road II 28. Railway Bridge - Pilch Lane East II 29. 66 Roby Road - Roby II 30. Roby Toll House - Roby Road II 31. Roby Cross - Roby Road II 32. 20 and 22 St Mary's Road

52 PLACE GRADE LOCATION

HUYTON II 33. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 Station Road II 34. Thingwall Hall - Thingwall Lane II 35. United Reform Church - Victoria Road II 36. Walled Garden - Liverpool Road II 37. Greenhill - The Orchard

KIRKBY II 38. Railway Public House and Langtree Cottage - Glovers Brow II 39. Carters Arms Public House - Glovers Brow II 40. The Cottage - Glovers Brow II 41. The Smithy, 1 and 3 - Mill Lane II 42. 38 and 40 North Park Road II 43. 14 and 16 South Park Road II 44. Waverley House - South Park Road II 45. Whitefield House - Pigeon House, Ingoe Lane II 46. Corporation Rent Office - Ingoe Lane II 47. Dovecote - Ingoe Lane II 48. Sefton Cottage - Kirkby Row II* 49. St Chad's Church - Old Hall Lane (Upgrade Sept 2007) II 50. Vicarage Old Hall Lane/1-2 - Austin Close II 51. Stables - To North of Vicarage, Old Hall Lane / 3 Austin Close II 52. Gate Piers to South of Vicarage, entrance to Austin Close off Old Hall Lane II 53. Kirkby Hall Lodge - Old Hall Lane II 54. 63 and 65 Ribblers Lane II 55. 81 and 83 Ribblers Lane II 56. 101 and 103 Ribblers Lane II 57. 121 and 123 Ribblers Lane II 58. 118, 120 and 122 Sefton Arms Cottages, Ribblers Lane II 59. 16 North Park Road II 60. Kirkby War Memorial, Old Hall Lane (July 07)

53 PLACE GRADE LOCATION

KNOWSLEY II* 61. Knowsley Hall - Knowsley Park and all curtilage props. II* 62. St Mary's Church - Knowsley Lane (Upgraded 24 Sept 2010) II 63. Gellings Farm House off Randles Road II 64. School Cottages, 224 and 226 Knowsley Lane II 65. Littlewood Lodge II 66. Knowsley Vicarage - Tithebarn Lane

PRESCOT II 67 6 Beesley Road II 68. 34 Church Street - Prescot Museum I 69. Church of St Mary II 70. 2 Derby Street II 71. 44-50 Derby Street II 72. 52 and 54 Derby Street (Clockface) II 73. Stable Block, Derby Street (Clockface) II 74. 30 Eccleston Street II 75. 3 High Street II 76. 11 High Street II 77. 37 High Street II 78. 48-50 St Helens Road II 79. 2 Vicarage Place II 80. 4 Vicarage Place II 81. 6 Vicarage Place II 82. 10 Vicarage Place II 83. 14 Vicarage Place II 84. Church of Our Lady Immaculate - Vicarage Place II 85. The Lancashire Watch Factory - Albany Road II 86. Detached Workshop to the rear of No. 20 Grosvenor Road II 87. No. 17 Atherton Street II. 88. No. 9 Market Place with former workshop to rear

TARBOCK II 89. Rose Cottage/Heathgate - Greensbridge Lane II 90. Tarbock Hall Farm House - Ox Lane

54 PLACE GRADE LOCATION

WHISTON II 91. NE Lodge (Rainhill Lodge) to Halsnead Park - Fox's Bank Lane II 92. Gate Piers to NE Lodge to Halsnead Park, Fox's Bank Lane II 93. Old Halsnead - Fox's Bank Lane II 94. Barn at Snapegate - Fox's Bank Lane II 95. Sandfield Cottage - Lickers Lane II 96. St Nicholas' Church - Windy Arbor Road II 97. Carr House Farmhouse - Windy Arbor Lane II 98. Carr House Barn - Windy Arbor Road II 99. Ropers Bridge - Dragon Lane (November 2007 Added)

99 Listings

122 Listed Buildings

1 Grade I

4 Grade II*

117 Grade II

NB: Knowsley Village Hall considered for designation 2012. Not given Listed Status.

55 Appendix 2

Conservation Areas in Knowsley All designated in 1978

1. Cronton

2. Halewood

3. Ingoe lane Article 4

4. Knowsley Village Article 4

5. North Park Road

6. South Park Road

7. Old Hall lane

8. Ribblers lane

9. Prescot CAA and CAMP adopted May 2012 Boundary redefined May 2012,

10. St Michaels Church, Huyton Article 4

11. The Orchard, Huyton

12. Victoria Road / Huyton Church Road Huyton

13. Tarbock Green

14. Tarbock Village

15. Roby

56 List of Designated Historic List of Historic Graveyards - Parks and Gardens None Designated

Knowsley Hall Park and Estate - Grade II Prescot Cemetery A park which originated in the C13 and was landscaped during the late C18 incorporating St Michaels Cemetery, Huyton elements of a late C17 and early C18 Welsh Cemetery, Prescot landscape. Lancelot Brown drew up proposals for the park and kitchen garden in St Chads, Kirkby 1775 and 1776 and it is possible that parts of St Mary’s, Prescot the park were altered to his designs. During the 1830s William Sawrey Gilpin advised the thirteenth Earl of Derby on various matters relating to the park.

Croxteth Park (Partial) - Grade II Pleasure grounds and a park dating mainly from the early and mid C19 which form the setting for a country house. It is also the site of a C12 park. http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/ professional/protection/process/national- heritage-list-for-england/

57 Appendix 3

Case Studies of Former and Existing The Conservation Skills and Interpretation - Heritage Led Projects in Knowsley Project (CSIP): After successfully being awarded £177,000 by the Heritage Lottery Fund, Knowsley Council managed the The Prescot Townscape Heritage Initiative Conservation Skills and Interpretation Project, (THI) required a two stage application to HLF. ‘Look to the Future: Celebrate our Past’. The Stage one was a competitive stage with other extended two year project (2008 to 2011) local authorities within the UK. Knowsley was offered an exciting programme of activities awarded a grant of £45K to develop the stage that appealed to all ages. These included two two of the bid. After 12 months of working on heritage celebration days, the forming and the stage two application the Council was training of a ‘Young Conservation Officers’ awarded £1.8 million. The Prescot THI is a Group. A course in ‘Traditional Skills’ for five year initiative. The Council will work in college students and ‘Have a Go Days’ for partnership with local stakeholders and younger primary school pupils. Guided businesses to regenerate Prescot town centre heritage walks were arranged in historic areas utilising the historic environment as a catalyst within the Borough and booklets were for regeneration, and the refurbishment of published for Knowsley resident to undertake certain historic buildings within the time. the walks at their own pace. The Knowsley The initiative incorporates traditional skills Commemorative Plaque Scheme developed training, community activities, and a full into a Knowsley Wall of Fame and this is programme of heritage related activity. located on the Huyton Library. The The Prescot Townscape Heritage Initiative Interpretation panels are unique to their Officer, Owen Barton can be contacted via the specific area they incorporate a ‘word-scape’ details below. derived from the memories of the participating Tel. 0151 443 2757 community groups. Email: [email protected] http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/things-to-see- web: www.prescotthi.org.uk and-do/local-history/conservation-skills- project.aspx

58 Knowsley Wall of Fame Famous sons of the and Skills said: “Over the generations there Borough, including Knowsley freeman and has been an impressive number of Knowsley Liverpool Captain Steven Gerrard, renowned people who have made a real mark on history, chemist Sir Joseph Beecham, producer Phil whether it has been in politics, science, sport Redmond and football hero Peter Reid are or the arts. This list was based entirely on among those whose names take pride of votes from residents, and it is nice that we can place on the wall, which was unveiled at recognise our local heroes, and inspire future Huyton Library. generations in this way.” The plaque is now on permanent display in Huyton, outside the The 12 names featured on the Wall of Fame library on Civic Way. were voted for in a public competition as part of a Conservation Skills and Interpretation Restoration of Historic Crosses, Project which took place across Knowsley, Landmarks and Milestones Project funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund. Other (RHCLM) 2006 - 2008 names featured include former Prime Minister This project was bid for under the ‘Your Harold Wilson, poet Matt Simpson, conductor Heritage’ HLF programme it was a two year Sir Thomas Beecham and Oscar winning project that was completed in 2008. The actor, Sir Rex Harrison. funding received from HLF was £42k this was Kirkby born John Conte said: “It is an honour matched with Council monies to restore eight to see my name up here alongside the other of the Borough’s historic artefacts. Eight 11 people featured, all of whom have bronze information panels were erected so achieved so much in their different fields. This local people could learn about the artefacts. Wall of Fame is a great idea which will make A number of heritage workshops were hosted local people proud of their area, and show by a heritage actress in local schools and them that anyone can achieve their dreams if children learned about toll roads milestones they work hard.” and historic crosses. A children’s heritage activity booklet was produced and heritage Cllr Dave Lonergan, Knowsley Council’s exhibitions toured the Borough. The two Cabinet Member for Regeneration, Economy

59 community based heritage activity workshops RHCML - Green Man in the Gallery namely ‘Angels in the Architecture’ and The ‘Green Man in the Gallery’ workshops ‘Green Man in the Gallery’ were well received were craft workshops to reproduce the figure by the Knowsley community. of the Green man typically seen in architect http://www.knowsley.gov.uk/things-to-see- and myth related works. The workshops also and-do/local-history/restoration-project.aspx educated young people about traditional instruments with a trio of medieval minstrels To promote the restoration of Knowsley's dressed in period costume leading the historic milestones, crosses and landmarks, singing throughout the event. The minstrels exhibitions were displayed in the Borough's performed medieval music, letting visitors libraries, One Stop Shops and also at Prescot handle the instruments and view the Museum. The displays were also taken along information display boards. to the Heritage Events and proved to be a great pull for local people of all ages. Historic The Green Man was a medieval entity that is maps from the 1890s were particularly depicted in many historic buildings. The popular with older generations whilst younger theme also fitted in quite nicely as Halloween family members took part in the craft and loomed and grotesque images of The Green workshop activities. Man appealed to younger audiences. Visitors took part in making green man plaques out of clay and took them home to paint

RHCML - Angels in the Architecture The ‘Angels in the Architecture’ craft workshop exhibited displays of how angels are depicted in local and national buildings and memorials. Community workshops took place and help local residents and children took part in making clay angel figures and used wool felt to make hanging angel ornaments.

60 Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council Department of Regeneration Economy and Skills Planning Department PO Box 26 Huyton Knowsley Merseyside L36 9FB Telephone: 0151 443 2397

Adopted July 2013