DOCUMENT RESUME

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AUTHOR Papps, Grayce; And Others TITLE A Blueprint For a Television Environmental Simulation Project: ftThe Land and Me." INSTITUTION Maine Public Broadcasting Network, Orono. SPONS AGENCY. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D. C.; Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 84p.; The ECO-ACRES Game Is Included AVAILABLE FROM GAME ONLY: ECO-ACRES Game, Maine Public Broadcasting Network, University of Maine, Alumni Hall, Orono, Maine 04473 (Free)

EDRS PRICE MF-S0.75 HC -$4.20 DESCRIPTORS *Citizen Participation; *Environmental Education; *Land Use; Models; Planning; Policy Formation; Problem Solving; Program Descriptions; Programing (Broadcast); Public Polity; *Public Television; *Simulation; Television Viewing IDENTIFIERS Maine; *The Land and Me; Viewer Active Television Simulation ABSTRACT An experimental project sought to build a replicable model of a viewer-active television simulatio . Other educational goals were to 1) increase citizen concern'fo nvironmental factors and land use in Maine; 2) disseminate inf rm t on on, land use agencies; 3) illuminate the citizen's rol i ublic planning; and 4) develop new patterns of problem solving.1ive, ohr-long television programs were broadcast, each of which presente alternatives for the use of a simulated parcel of Maine land. Viewer and leader guides and a land use game were supplied at no cost to viewers who requested them and after each program viewers voted on alternative uses cf land via toll-free phone lines. Post-program survey results indicated that viewers of the simulation programs; 1) became better informed about land use issues; 2) developed an appreciation for the complexity of environmental problems 3) began to debate more actively about land use; and 4) had positive feelings about the worth of the simulation. It was concluded that such television simulations were useful instruments of public education and policy-making. (PB) S rl...00111.111M1.11100.0...110

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L ti A BLUEPRINT FOR A TELEVISION ENVIRON- "THEMENTAL LAND SIMULATION & ME." PROJECT: RIGHTED-PERMISSION MATERIAL TO REPRODUCE HAS BEEN THIS GRAM COPY_ BY Maine -P41,1;e Prone written by: ErikEtonGrayce Van Churchill Papps de Bogart SITTUTEUNDERTO ERIC AGREEMENTS ANDOF EDUCA1VM. ORGANIZATIONS PATH FURTHER THE NATIONALOPERATING !REPRO- gehdOrIC learire,s graphicsfunded by:by: John Knaub VicU. Cormier S. EnvironmentalAgency Protection OMER.-avowsDUCRON PERMISSION OUTSIDE OF THE THE ERIC COPARGHT SYSTEM IRE- MaineU.S. Office Public of BroadcastingEducation:Environmental Network Education Act U.S. teemseeem.etweerreemeDEPARTMENT a OF waLsowee NEALTN. The materials contained in this booklet are the THE PERSON TREED COC UMENT EXACTLY AS EDUCATION ousrrneraHAS OF ISEEN theandproperty permission may be of reprinted Maine of MPBN. Public in whole Orono, Broadcasting or Maine in part 04473. withNetwork EDUCATIONSENTSTATEDATING OFFICIAL IT. DO POINTS OF POSITIONNOT OR OR NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONNECESSARILY VIEW OR RECEIVED Paucir.INSTITUTE OF OPINIONS REPREORIGIN FROM TABLE OF CONTENTS AdvisoryFactSummaryResearch Sheet Committee 4327 TheSimulationScriptViewer-Active Eco-Acres and Game Casting Game Television 171310 9 TheTelephonesViewerPromotionProduction Vote Guide and Timetableand Advertising Leader Guide 2624222120 AudienceFundingMaineSu rveys/Evaluation Public Response Broadcasting Network .30 312827 AppendixItInvolvement Could A.B.Have LandSurvey Happened Use "HowFeel Research Do Aboutto YouYou Me. 40373432 AppendixSamples C. EvaluationViewerEvaluationLeader Guide Guide Forms with Land Laws Inside Back Cover 42 SIMULATIONFOR A TELEVISION PROJECT: THIS BOOK IS A ENVIRONMENTALBLUEPRINT The Land Me." duringcompanypriorviewers to thethe who analysis viewer/phone/votingbroadcasts requested of phone and printed 2) calls telephone materials period processed in awarenessmodelmentalSUMMARYMaine ofissue aboutanda viewer-active in to the educate moststate, pressingtheandtelevision 1)people 2) to to useenviron- build simu- of television a to increase community eachaids,Projectponents of voting,the of first the evaluation, three Environmental broadcasts.The informationetc. Simulation gleaned from the com- programs, research, auxiliary has been mentallationPublicblueprint for Simulation Broadcastingreplication..." of the Project.These model Networks wereThisfor replication. bookthe Environ- objectives is a of the Maine carefullythe results reviewed form theand body outlined of this by book. the staff; environmentalthatpotentialand landagencies usetopics. was as issue Thepossible theThe in researchmost Maine project while pressing inindicated staffresearching 1973. involved as many people seriesdetermined.Me.",the major that a five-hour was componentThe viewer-active result televisionThus, was of the the -The subjectsimulation project, Land of wasand a television series. to heighten Lawspublic.the sense wereAcres of designed gamesinvolvementViewer and to supplement abstracts in Guides, the viewing of Leaderthe Maine Guides,Land Eco- encouragedlandgeneralutedtelecasts. usesubstantially public problems Theirpublic in wide theinvolvement to in thetelecastthedissemination participationstate. and in theactual also contrib- of the beforeresponsecastduring weeklythefollowing theand was summer after monitored written of"The 1973 evaluation October.Landcarefully and and was Audienceby Me.-from broad- 1) series was produced ofat particularlanda given deeply time. tract influences The of land specificLand isthe used use usesocial refers, orof notorganisma tract usedquite simply, to how a ViewerAUXILIARYthatMaine's determine Guides lands AIDS: are these used uses. and of the processes FACTSSUMMARYMPBNACTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL TELEVISION PROJECT VIEWER ABOUT THE awhere by-playlandhowsocial theuse organism of land is, many then, is to located.privatecan, abe dynamic used.to and aConversely degree, The publicone process involving influence the of gram;Well-researchedguidesteachersand anprinted introductioninclude and for students) manualsuseintroductions bothto land and were in use schoolsat toprepared home. problems:each (for Thepro- TVProduced Series Title: By: "The Land and Me." TheNetworkBroadcasting Maine Public landpatternagencies.legislationappropriate character problems The and andlandwhich alsoin timely useMaine is the inand dueMaine'ssharp seem settlement to contrast pendingparticularly indigenous to andagenciesbackgroundstatisticala profile instruction of andinformation, Maine. materials; their about includingfunctions; participation anda list environmental ofstatutes. a regulatory bibliography. in the Orono,UniversityAlumni MaineHall of Maine 04473 (2)regarding(1)the thesprawling placedissemination agenciesconcerned of BosWash the citizenThe of educationalinformationindustrial in planning with corridor.land purposes for use: were fourfold: possiblepreparedInLeadersimulation addition, Guides group and and a special made thediscussion voting availableLeader process_ topics Guide outlining and was Funded By: U.S.U.S.Protection Environmental Office Agencyof Edu- andconcernlem;thepatterns future; regardingand for (4) (3)to environmental the resolve theland increase need use. a highly forspecifically. of factors new citizen complex thinking in general prob- classroombiology,ment/civics.various disciplines; etc.uses sociology, of the i.e., programs economics. ecology, within govern- science/ cation:MaineEducation Environmental Public Act Broad- presentedprogramsTheFORMAT: series each alternativesconsisted of which of for five progressively the hour-long use of a "Eco-Acres"GameORGANIZATIONVIEWER.MADEVIEWER AVAILABLE ANDSTUDENT. LEADER REQUESTING AT TEACHERAND NOCOST GUIDES TOWERETHEM. EACH mentalInPURPOSE the face complexities, ofOF the SERIES: ever it increasingis apparent environ- that the casting Network At -simulation"proposedweresimulated,the conclusion asked use but toactivated ofmakerealistic of the each land.decisions thepiece program, Thisviewing of televisedabout Maine viewers audience the land. andconflictingACRESAboardshows hence gamewas howthese pointsincreases developed about of pointsviewland understanding to usewhich revealof viewcanentitled exist; many of ECO-itco-exist; validthe theSimulationimprovement.existing statemost ofprevalent level Maine, Project of MPBN's understanding landenvironmental treated use. Environmental what is itconsideredissue in need in of andviewersAfterofto thevote the participating vote and environmentalgained for depended the insight progressin the on implicationinto TV the oftheprogram, resultsthe complexity series. of how classroomemphasizescomplexityofECO-ACRESwasland use problems.and the the needis environmental a tested viable ECO-ACRESforsound extensively teaching planning. issuesand showsthe aidin the for thosegameclasses, requestingwas madecivic groups, availableit as long families, ATasthe NOCOSTto etc.supply The couldmake notdecisions, be allowed bias duewithin to: the programs lasted.TO REQUEST MATERIAL aroundtelevisionTheRESEARCH purpose THE programs MOSTwasto develop PRESSINGand auxiliary FIVE ENVIRON- hour materials long CONTACT:OR FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, THE LANDAND ME. sourcestheCRITERIAMAINE.MENTAL issue to to Theallow PROBLEMbe task,treated fair then,treatment. andIN wasTHE to develop to STATE determine OF Orono,UniversityAlumniMaine Public HallMaine04473 of Maine Broadcasting Network possibletheGrant1. following A proposalfour treatment: season topics guidelines recreational be researched stipulated area for that . - . . (207)866-4493 orcall "....although5.4.3.2. SolidLakeSiteSubdivision location pollutionwaste if adisposal housingof more an oil urgent developmentsrefinery topic seems - . . - . - - . 6.reservesto consideredLANDtake precedence USEthe right was to added overADD these, itbecause to the the list staff to be it incorporated some of the above " "..everybody needs land.." because ofit seemed statewiderecentlypending totimely enactedlegislation appealfit the legislation "..yeah, andon iteverybody too.." pays taxes throughTheCRITERIAultimately staff a knew device for be A thatinvolved VIEWERat the audienceend in ACTIVEthe of eachprograms would SERIESprogram WHITEforeither."I certainlylake. good I'mAnd HATSthings." awon't I goodwon't vote voteguyI to for onlypollute the vote dump the ofandthat (seethe wouldhence programs. p. 1 allow0control for more themIf the on toaudiencefuture makeVIEWER development a wasdecision ACTIVE) to SO THE STAFF ... DETERMINED THAT THE TOPIC MUST HAVE MANY DIFFERENT BUT EQUALLY VALID HATS. clouds,"Sellnot the sell the land? the great air, Why sea?"the Tecumesh twentydon'tdo"I don't as dolong acres!"care it onas what MYthey they Maine farmer CONSEQUENTLY,ULTIMATELY"THE OWNERSHIP DETERMINES THEOF LAND INTELLECTUAL THE IS THE SOCIAL, GREAT AND POLITICAL, FUNDAMENTALMORAL CONDITION AND FACT OF WHICH A WILDLANDS PEOPLE." Henry George OwnedApprox: By 1610 corporations MILLION4 families ACRES LAND MASS: 20 Million Acres MAINE "WeNew don't Jersey want in Mainefive years." to look like Maine citizen WATERSTATEPRIVATE SURFACE OWNERSHIP OWNERSHIP 90% 13%2% SummerationState1,000,000 population (1973) ap- resident approximately popula- Coast is 11% of Land mass LAND VALUES(1972)proximately IN MAINE INCREASE OVER 15% PER YEAR! 5,000,000 lation& supports 50% of popu- TIMETABLEPRELIMINARY for RESEARCH graphic4. Documents: maps of Topographical state showed anda diverse demo- groups2. Environmental statewide Groups:trying to Manyprotect of these JANUARYFEBRUARY devotedoftoTwo sixpreliminary members topics. these Researchtwo investigation of months the staffdur- 5.resourcespopulation: populationMountain/recreation.Agency andPublications: Northern/farmers. and recreation. industrialization. DescriptiveSouthern/dense Western Coastal/ ma- lam3.posesenvironment. checkingVested owners with Interests: each mood.Dften Often other. atattitude they Industrialists,odds Meeting are withand at "Ecofunction.cross principals. large pur- categories:conducteding these two in twomonths general was providingAsagenciesterialsproduction resources. on variousinvolvedpersonnel time. these state inAgencies wereandenvironmental and information. invaluable private helpful issues.inat biasFreaks."inIndustry 4.production.in Classes:treatment The very need helpfulAttendance became for balance in research,more at variousand important. lack but educa- notof involvedhearing)6. ofDocumentary these inhelped (36environmental hours Filmsto reveal of and tape subtle issues.Tapes: on oil attitudes Arefinery number 5.and simulationmoodtionalSurvey: to observe conferenceand 'How needsgames teachers do ofyou andas teachers. instrumentfeel classesuse about of game.Also, to Me.of check classlearning ?" on importantinformationA statewide later basesurvey when of topublic. scripting.check Results mood (see andvery p.17) INFORMATION PLEASE! weekliesSITTING1. Newspapers: and RESEARCH dailies Bias checked of environmental against bias 2. sourceMeadows.overview:ofBooks: industrial andMostly Theet. populationhouse al. Limitsfor for general. organs global To allocation. Growth, forpicturesweeping verification. How of re- does 1.STANDING Legislative RESEARCH Process: Several days in courts.3.Games.Maine MaineLaws: fit Interpretation Serious1970-71.Manyin? Also environmental Games, books but wasnot onAbt. yetdifficult. Simulation testedlaws passed in the in volvedtheforAugustapulse PROCESSprograms. and of at mood Stategetting Meetingwhich ofHouse advice.people was of watching toprincipals Alsoand be legislature.simulatedgetting hearings in- a in RESULTS RESULTS RESULTS ARESULTS twenty-eight page booklet of RESULTS RESULTS READERS"You're only Criteria as smart for Selectionas who you can listen Cole:BRIGGS:FROM CONVERSATIONS WITH COLE & People think the answer to land topics,recommendationspreliminary a list of research guidelines from on theandthe staffsix to: preliminaryCommitteeselectionto..." The fromstaff whoresearch. soughtmembers were askedAllinitial ofreaders: the adviceto readAdvisory on the topic fromeyes.disappearingship,protection towns Regulations when and is in in thefactright private and statethis before restrictions concept maycwner- their not isvery ADVISORY 2) 1)Were Had involved an intimate in these knowledge problems,largerspecialists,mental sectorof problems environ- not but of as asthe throughout representatives population the state of a Briggs: There is a quaint concept in Maine fact,appearofbut thePUBLIC. in to factword affect they "private... private do limit ownership.All the land meaning is, in COMMITTEE 3) UsingWould the be aboveablereader to criteria, look representations atwithintopics the researchedfollowing ain general terms were of audience. a sought: programming need Cole: thisemphasizedNewto idea thatits waysunbridled anyonehas gotof to thinking whoowns to getdestruction. pass! away must landfrom beNow. isentitleda IP.0 DeesUNIVERSITY boreett. Plyeetoo Of MAINE lartreneuel Yordettoe Paojeet re Wool" 7 Ifll 2) 1)An A educator journalist optionsrehash ofshould the old be problems. presented New to YeDear,aster.Pclotoostelase Casten an iletIgloot Strom Sabra tbot yo. See .r. L Po.* mob. of tto 0 rote:Pam 00115 And4)3) theAAn government environmentalistpositions were representative filled by: Briggs: This is a critical generation. Either thingviewers to vote so on.they really have some- Yo.11Oro..., reOMbaletotaloo boo, 0..11 beo Jo tePertasttoe Y. Moot.. emetoar Peoltomordel WIMP.the Poo poet boom to for Om bosom..amobe beetaelse oaaloe. L boos yratialmer blooteet art eat .et.c.o..r se Solo LP.., Pt.PO.* Po L.. =ob.. toctottoe tad bee. LIU baste Napo err becbiposel me Modal. se loreellet of 2) 1)Dean John Bennett, N. Cole, Project Editor, Director,Maine Times Maine reflectwe will intelligentdecide on use policies of land. that or will solosme Poebeteweme Po tonnesigmatolootoloomot* he... ow= of.tour sorter olootattoooolossoo aeon...motet...e poor.Poet t oration.. seraea we toetee proenwor mot n oho14 loll. etre oroecoos* nomenee. oat _Lair. oo tables we Imre latIsoble re ale oalst-t 110.2st trt.Yty sal ...Is .4 to pro... oy wear. r.1. .f Pr Yooloo tto taota coo. rleclatopoobtae*Yu. car . 3) William R. Adams, Jr., Director,DepartmentEnvironmental of EnvironmentalEducation Project Protection havocelse we for will our unwittingly successors. create more theWhistbeeemer...sett. oface ree a me .616 otaalatlea. Mal iW decleteee to won thee by aythe ems. reremodetteme be ere elocerely was toembloi do attached. eel,Sot alt to do top.r toe len esel/esed. bet melt you coax.. sortromeootel order 4) Ezra James Briggs, StateCaribou, Representative, Aroostook County OnceCRITERIA the topic of land use had been seiected mart.eYgafftura r atdent elm. etberPe tool foroontraylceoneoctasa I. Oat hood. peteeyr Yew lolly era Nod.Ur eltot na 1tb bytob onto.sail Lp 2.r et dr*Sts 'Yee at .rdr eeteeloteloll at aid pm- It ye prePet lie am at as wow et tee ThesePURPOSE people ofwere the toReaders: read the research committee,by the staff EXPERTS in conjunction in the with field the were reading cuePolynoftelo.IdttIa to on teeUr do1 sr 7sew rot am Lasetoo toPaton at DIANG watlat.NMoe sotton nos re dleopotseat 00-e1I-701. tbe project ortrl yes fee tie. Itmetlaw. oleo. tool hot to cm ow, at a SIscara7. teak fen* to toetta rttsa thecarefully staff onand the to topicmake to recommendations be treated. At no to 1) invitedThe experts to join COLLECTIVELY the Advisory Committee: had to ,MME PUNK BROADCASTING NETWORK ALUMNI(7/1r PAIL Owl= WC/ma Project °at.' theytim?to additionalwere theto inform readers sources. the to staffThe dictate, andcommittee butsteer rather them unan- 2) Each expert was selectedtechnicalrepresent on his/her anda wide sometimes base of knowledgehighly special- UNIVERSITY OP .4101$ ORONO 0403 Tel OCCDSOBTSSI win beimously treated. endorsed land use as the topic to 3) Statewide representationized was knowledge sought as base i.e..asoilsengineer thoselemsnorthernmightland on useinland be the partproblemsquite coast, might of different the etc. be instate; southernquite than land different those useMaine prob-in from the AdvisoryWhenDO'SDO: &consideringa) DONTS GetCommittee. advice the from development as many selected of an experts representing as many points 4) Regarding land use, bothTOINrepresented.and EMERGE privateTHE the LANDpublic interest AS: THE USEinterest CENTRAL PROGRAMS had to CONFLICTbe fullyWAS c)b) UseGet thirdadvisory and expertsfourth opinions performers,asconflicting leads when ofto view panelists. information as possible promotion shows uo ThereforemanyPUBLIC diverse theINTERESTvs. staff sources: called PRIVATE on experts INTEREST from DONT: a) Feel it is necessary to get advice people,information. etc., and also to sources ofmorefrom everybody. than willing Too to help many are PRIVATE INTEREST Agencies PUBLIC INTEREST Agencies c)b) AllowTry to theput advisorsall the information to conflicting"write"yourget into storyyou a points storyfor you line.of view Develop the Scott Paper Company Department of Forestry Tee IPITE14301110111MOMMOSIIUNIVERSOY OF MAINE Aqua-TerraSam Ely Land Realtors Trust AttorneyUniversity General's of Maine Office Isehow GraycePile DOW 2e Feb 73 FischerEnvironmental Porter Corp.Engineering (Engineering) Services, Inc. Land(Several Use Departments) Regulation Commission heCalled would Jim be Briggsavailable today for and discussicn asked him if JamesStull Associates W. Sewall (Architects) Co. (Foresters) NaturalBoard of Resources Environmental Council Protection andBillrepealingIn someAugusta he is suggested timebeing lawfor tomorrow regulatingheardHearing we haveby onwhen Briggs' LDlanda GPcup:.71): subdivision.i ofcommitteeEC Actcoffeewould to Seven Islands Land Co. (Timber Lands) CongressNatural Resourcesof Lake Associations Committee thoughtsconversationInafterward. addition on preliminary towith memo EC inhe fileresearchhad theof his followingmaterials. telephone Land(TimberJ. M. Management)Huber & Recreational Corporation StateState Department Planning Office of Parks LandcomPlez...shouldWording use ofin landMaine usebe mean: writtenresearch LUBC more andis toosimply.nas andDepartment Recreation Inland Fisheries and Game MaineDiscussedtoconnotation useof Anyone it*quaint as of bewho unorganizedpleases..destroy(his owns word) land land. concepthas rightit, inetc., atAlso 1EVdB'swill Marchplan because requestto73- see it printersfor is granthis forland. proposal game estimates for systemsim.u.la.tion bya device n. the thatrepresentation imitates the of behavior a "THETELEVISION LAND AND SIMULATION ME." GAME maximizingallowedinterestsgameof the system.n. a agiven choicesituation their specific winsof involvingmoves and information minimizing with opposing the andobject their of representationG"ButSIM a simulation, CATION of reality, or simplified is always E landtwoA "dramatized of use the alternatives existing documentary" diametrically in Maine. that opposed parallels losses. Seriousanditselfinvolved changing becomes Games, in a learning game,anClark active, C.and environment." Abt dynamic,the game forwhichTheFORMAT:hour-long the format progressively use of oftelevision athe 'simulated' series presented programs consisted (see alternatives mapeach of in fiveof AmongparticipatingA simulationprocess the which essential isroles. a workingputs qualities players model inof of active/simulation an actual Bythegram,MaineViewer votinguses theland. Guide. of andviewers theAt expressedp. theland 5 were conclusion). and but asked phonerealisticpreferences ofto in eachvotepiece a vote. afteronpro- of 2.are: 1.Simulation Rayer is participant,presents someplayer's not justaspects own a spectator realityof straintsenvironmentalgainedconsideringof the insight ofprocesses how the intoimplicationsMaine-s issues. thatthe complexities. determinelandsTViewers and are legal usedhopefullythese con- and uses. 3. Simulation offers playerproblem." two or.."He more has a vested interest in the relationshipThePlayersTHE principle ISSUES made between issue decisions explored man aboutand is land.the dynamic 4. Player must act withinaccordingsimulation,resolvevalid constraints and conflict. ethically to making results of correct decisions of decisions. choices and playing to Players explored implications of environmentalzoninglandlegislative ownership control impact. currentdivergentrealityeconomicslifestyle of decision existing points onof situations viewfuture land use. VIEWER FEEDbackTELEVISIONACTIVETel-a-view SystemViewerTelevisionResponse recipientthe viewer's toViewer activestatus Active participant.is altered programming from passive means that thesignedexistingraised viewer apparatus telephonein isthe able program. into Throughand thevote an television Thedirectly especially the collective use on studio, ofissues de- the vote home viewer's andanextof decision. Me."the program. audience the audience affectsAt the was endthe asked directionof Program to make of theI of "The Land The viewer, in this instance, was asked to AW, YOU BLEEDIN' HEART taneouslyonceforlemsbecome a particularofexpressing land involved assuming ownership. owner, a in preference thea role:the processIn viewercasting and and was asimul- voteprob- at YOURYOULIBERAL. KNOW TAXES. YOUTHEY WE MAKE THEJUSTNEEDI'LL PHONE. MEDO RAISJOB; SIC'THE VOTIN'. G1MM: GIVETRUSTWELL,GIVE PEOPLE I'MBECAUSEME FOR THE A THE PHONE.CHANCE. THEY'LL LAND bat BODYHEOPER.I'LL AIN'TVOTE PUSHHE'S GOIN' FOR GOT HIM TOTHE MONEYAROUND. LET DEVEL- ANY- AND 469 TRUSTVOTEDTHELAKE PEOPLE BUYTOREGION HAVE THE OF CRYSTALMAINE...THE LAND HAVE In viewer active television, the viewer thenlosesvotingprograms,not only to against procedure defend is butinvolved the he his collectivebecomesas position in well. the Ifcontent or vote,involvedthe possibly viewer he of hasin the re-the THEY MUSTA RIGGED THE thatvicere-affirmed.assessmajority thein viewerit. viewer and In activeeither wins,consider thentelevisioncase, both his the positionsides votingrequires of de-willthe be If the viewer votes with the ANDYOU'RE YOU NOT CALLED AN ECO-FREAK IN. VOTE.FREAKS HAD CALL ALL THEM IN. ECO- gramsthetwoissue viewerlevels a before sense active voting.of deviceimmediacyIn addition lends and the to urgency pro-involving the viewer at program content and voting THISLOSESO, YOU LAND SOME WIN TRUST SOME ANYWAY? AND YOU SO, WHAT'S thewhich voting could device. not be accomplished without RATIONALE DEVELOPMENT issue.UsementalPreliminary alsoto The beissue proved theDYNAMIC research in most the to bestatepressing hadPROCESS a multi-facetedof revealed Maine. environ- to Land Land'be ex- anytoThe winning.ingwin. vehicleoverwhelming of They the Land game,in would the use game wasfact,immediately is notthat afterthat necessarily players lentthe sieze firstitself wanted test-upon ato win- E toconflicting seriesploredbeINTERFACING a good because:in points the auxiliary televised of view.of aidmany simulation Afor game equallythe televised seemed was valid the but Money,Ifollowinginor-lose deal. the initial proposition.in attitude limited game inquantity format But,the players: including resulted made the MONEYin the rather than IDEAL ECO-ACRES GAME 2) 1)Players Players could could experience be involved many in thelife;ingcal dif- processthreatenedcriti- of Landas they Use might without in real feel- selvesasleep.dominatedoneinitial ofinto: game cooperation. In short, the one game, ofplayers acquisition Aggressive passive divided playersrather playersthem- than fell trySociety."I'm and a getmember How more do ofsnowmobile youthe expectAudubon trailsme to 3) Players could approach the gamefromandferentroles could a points varietyin everydayadapt of of view rolesdisciplines life; simultaneously alien toand their in- Z for the town?" 4) A game is a simulation, and theavisionnotterests tele- simulation be portionalien to(see of them; the p. 9)project was also i.e. the game process would "YES,"WHEN BUT I PLAY IF YOU A GAME, WIN, THEN I PLAY SOMEONE TO WIN!" WINNING! BULLS and DOZERS "IS"MAYBE"BUT"YOU'RE IT THAT'SREALLY?" NOT,DARNELSE NOT BUT RIGHT!"LOSES." ALWAYS THAT'S LIFE."FAIR." Whilereveal the attitudes staff wanted toward: the game to BULLDOZERS YOUR TURN. toplayers.losses,playersThe be staff developed. but maximizedIn had short,not to at develop a Moneythe cooperativegains expense aandhad minimizedto ofgame be other elimi- had game in which IT SAYS I'M VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE I CA- LL TOWN MEETING. THEDUMP. VOTE IS 10 TO 1 AGAINST THE thatofsomenated wouldno moreactivityas engagea vehiclethan had 60each toof seconds. beplay. player substituted, In itsat intervalsplace, one AGEDTHATFORHOMEBUILDER'S ITO RESIDENTIALWANT GET MOST CRYSTAL ASSOCIATIONOF PURPOSES. THELAKE LAND AND I USEDANDBEARMAN- BON SOCIETY, AND I GOTWELL, A WILDLIFE I'M PRESIDENT OF THE AUDU- covetedThemakinginvolvedIn townaddition, process process.meeting, collectively the inplayers aMaine familiar in thehad life, anddecision- to became be much the GUESSMOUNTAIN I'M HAPPY. ZONED RESIDENTIAL SO I TRACTOR, AND THAT I FAVORMINE INDUS- SAYS I'M AN INDUSTRIAL CON- OFREFUGE COURSE, OVER IT'S KINDHERE OF BY SMALL, THE SWAMP. BUT... Votingcome(houses,making.forum thein at Placingthedumps, thevehicle game town piecesroads, for formeeting turns. debate schools,on the became and board et. decision-al.) the be- MYTHEPUTTRIALI'M INDUSTRIAL UPRESIDENTIALHAPPY. USE THE OF ZONING THE PARK, DISTRICT, LAND. PROPOSAL SO WHEN I GUESS I PUT YOUFOR IN gameinthetivemethod reaching individualcompromise was in thein their keeping andgame goals.that the of would withcollective reachingVoting voting satisfy within players in boththe the coopera- oreither"The televisedelse game been voted endssimulation.put out on when through the playingall piecesthe town surface have meet- ofandwasaffiliation the ing.atable community."the At tocard samethis achieve and time time discusses theeach satisfy goals player the whetheron needsrevealsthe card he his 14 TESTINGInitial testing of the game was done at the velopment.consumingmembersMainegame Public is of very butInputthe Broadcasting essentialhelpful.staff. from Testing players part Network wasof testing game a time- with ade- theofathat simulationMaine staff it would attendedfor furthergamePLAY, this class testing.it Oncewas class at taken theA through member game outside thewas of to refined to the degree University Andclassrooms.throughoutwasspring finally, then term takenit wasthefor theory state totested education for on extensively furthergames. testing. The in game conferences TIMETABLEJANUARYFEBRUARY velopandResearch objectivestest, test. game test. for theory, game de- MARCHAPRILAUGUSTJUNE ment.More Preparetesting forand printer. refine- Artwork. To Print 10,000 Eco AcresRequired: Games Printing and Packaging civicandTheDISTRIBUTION freegamesgroups, of chargewere planning distributed statewide boards, on to city requestschools, planners, sive.DO'SPrinting, complex artwork & DON'TSand and time collating consuming were for expen- the 10,000 GameSets9x12 ofWhite Sheets 15 Affiliation Open-Ended Cards Envelopes individualquiredwasnewspapers, $5,000 five citizens, players or etc., $.50 realtors, etc. Theminimum, a copy. total industrialists, Each cost so that forgame the the re-Eco-Acres Game Themeticulous,paredrantproject process a gameto staff. spend of detailed as Ifprinting theana great auxiliaryproject coordination a dealgame seems aid, of requires time be amongto pre- onwar- it. 10,000 Ea. SixRule Game Sheets Parts and500 Die Man Hours of Collating Cuts tionalgamethancost perthe purposes.for personcost promotional of awas postage $.10, as well onlystamp. as $.02 educa- Use more the thegives game,productionkindmany the of peoplethe teamworkgame artist of particularlythe and gameaddedassures the concepts. printer. dimensionthe the creators faithful This It ofalso re-of standsquirements,abilitiesfacilitiesutilizing the concepts of toof an thea can goodartist fullest translateand printerwho, the becauseprinter'sexpertise andthem also creatively. here- andthe under- andThe approvedtopic of LAND by the USE advisory had been committee. selected timeWhatacres?shouldlargest be kind the theaudience20? of most treatment 2,000? informative? appeal Through encompass:would and have Whattheat the "How the200scale same do terminedyouidentifylanduninformed feel use: about thatfully those theabout onlyMe.?" audiencesurveyed 2 agencies survey,out of waswere23 theinvolved agencies. relatively staffable de- toin isSTYLE.corporateinHow constructedthe many script? If, the foragencies The example,effectsin a staff small were of also a landcommunity, shoppingto wanted beuse included in tocenterLIFE the in- ferentcomponentlivingSpendingwhole patternsandnature patterns,IRREVERSIBLE. in of thatwill that change.community trafficcommunity patterns The Who will will life makes beand change.style dif- couldOwners?decisionsning be boards? presented Theabout regulating Whatland to use? Morerealistic, viewers? agencies? Whoextensive viable should? Plan- optionsresearch allowed the staff to develop4 the following outline: SEE FOLD OUT AUDIENCE VOTES

PROGRAM III The Legal Process This program deals with a LAND USE REGULATION COMMISSION hearing during which the applicant demonstrates the soundness of his plan and the feasibility of his proposals; the applicant introduces testimony and expert witnesses including engineers, architects, etc; the state hears from various agenciesInland Fisheries and Game, Parks and Recreation, etc. Commissioners ask questions of the various witnesses. The television audience, having heard all the testimony, votes as the commission.

AUDIENCE VOTES

MAINE 1984 MAINE 1984 LAND TRUST DEVELOPER The viewer sees what life might be like in the The developer, Frank Gallant, has put in a marina, Crystal Lake Region under Land Trust ownership a ski resort, two condominium towers; he has and management in 1984. Working with no elec- eliminated automobiles by developing a gondola tricity, outhouses, log cabins and water driven transportation system internally and also an ex- mills, the Land Trust has set up an inward looking tensive closed circuit service-oriented television self-sufficient community. They have also de- system. He has had problems attracting buyers veloped a crafts industry and an organic food for his units due to the remoteness of the area cooperative and are supplying clients in distant in combination with a fuel shortage. Subsequently, metropolitan areas. The McPhersons still have he has had to change his original plans somewhat their camp and Billy works at one of the cooper- and has sold timber rights to some of the 5,000 ativemills. The familylives together. Mr. acres. The McPhersons, as a family, are now McPherson has been elected town manager of separatedBilly lives and works in Boston with the small 100 family community. his family; John and Ginny live in one of the con- One half-hour of this program was a panel dis- dominiumsJohn is service manager for the area. cussion on Land Trusts in the United States and One half-hour of this program was a panel dis- Maine in particular. cussion on four season recreation in Maine. SCRIPTING

easicituation

John McPherson, a lifelong woodsman, has leased a lot in the wild- lands from a large paper company for the past 32 years. He has built a camp on the leased land which he and his family use for recreational purposes. In 1973 the paper company is selling the 5,000 acres known as the Crystal Lake Region. McPherson's camp is on part of the 5,000 acres.

PROGRAM I Who should Own the Land? We see the McPherson's at their camp. John, his son Billy, and his wife Ginny, discuss alternatives available to them should the land they lease be sold. Billy introduces the family to the concept of a land trust and goes to see the Maine Community Land Trust to try to convince them to bid on the Crystal Lake Region. John goes to see representatives of the paper company and learns that a recreational developer is bidding on the land. The Mc- Pherson family begins to argue about who should own the land. Mrs. McPherson favors the DEVELOPER as he offers her husband the promise of employment to supplement his social security in retirement. Billy favors the LAND TRUST as they promise ;.4o leave options opened for the McPherson family and for the future of the camp.

PROGRAM II PROGRAM II The Land Trust Developer The Maine Community Land Trust has bought the Having bought the land, the developer and his Crystal Lake Region. As a group they plan for the associates plan a legal, fiscal and environmental future use of the 5,000 acre area: plans include strategy to maximize the profit on their new land some light industry, heavy agricultural use of land and, at the same time, provide an outstanding and a settlement of about 100 families. They will four-season second home recreational area. The not sell land to people but rather lease it for 99 sales department of the firm favors STRIP HOUS- years. The trustees go to the site to inspect the ING along the shore as this would make sales area and soon two factions develop: 1) those who easier. Gallant, the developer, favors CLUSTER would zone the area in advance of any settlers HOUSING, the elimination of automobiles, the arriving and 2) those who would encourage settle- introduction of a gondola transportation system. ment and allow the settlers to arrange for their John McPherson favors the CLUSTER HOUSING own zoning. At issue is who should control the even though it may mean the removal of the land. John McPherson signs a new lease with the camp; Mrs. McPherson favors STRIP HOUSING Land Trust and stakes out his land around his as it allows her to keep the camp. camp. He is AGAINST THE. ZONING. His son, ill FAVORS ZONING in advance as itwill eachproblems.majorinBecause the voter series,time optionof Therefore,and the pre-producing manpowersimulation/votingresponse the presentedsta` commitment endings letermined elements for Thevolunteers."beconsultingCASTING: budget fulfilled for byand Hence, theparticipating role-playing project role-players specified citizens functions had that and to"will be totallythethat vote PROGRAM tailoring from PROGRAM the III thirdwould program b.II w ,o the 1uced after Med, thus CommunityTrustfound. played The Trustees Land trustees Trust of of thein the the Sam Maine story. Ely LandOfficers rag Dxn timevotebothprograms tobut ll'sa alsominimum. and had reducing both to beAs1984's. pre-producedaactual result, This production only saved five the I, realplayedof itthe waslife Land the activitiesdifficult part Use of toRegulation paralleledthe find LURC. a role-player Commissionthe In somepart whoseto cases, be an 1::::7.,,i4m....'svasaiszom mtb1Cloiemlorilrasil.4-eAst mess audience:onewouldproduction program never II of Developer. be wasone seen. neverwhole As seen programit turned by the whichout, only followingactorsplayed hadin results.the to scripts.fill these Non-professional roles with the )P. :scitpViactiiisruC.+...... b.U;.:',5T-V.'*...9pifc:iee:=1:Tilf7:7VIVr74t414i7,23=74=1:"°' should 1,e,imfit;":,,thC-strsigiiq-zole;rsov-Clim clot tiarle*A-a:AbaTie.4W3' anim..tly CASTING1) A full script needs &director. haveSCRIPTING actors time Unless and to a develop strongtheactors the and script, the andirector impro- SUGGESTIONS TIMETABLEAPRIL MAY continuously.One staff member Each writing rough 2) A full script is helpfuleffective.visedscriptnon-professionals for outline checkingand Either professionals scenario a legal strong should could outline should be be used more and be orused. a full JUNE stafffullrector.utivedraft presented Revisions made to exec- and script producer program director, presented and di- to 3)A full script is helpfulaccurateauthorities.and totechnical production and This yetitems means dramatically with the the program proper interesting. is foritymanagerfilmFinal check.filming. scripts Revisions out late made. June department, for a feasibil- studio andstaff preparingwhile editing, sets, scheduling, etc. assembling actors.productionfullyThebinding nextshould Full question to would scripting thedirectors story involve facing would beand scripted therole-players, role-players. be staff somewhat given notthatOn how tostaffwouldmakethe make other decided editingbe editing hand,shot difficultto entirely andascript scenario assembly since theout programsof formatall sequence. morethe wouldprograms efficient. fully The II I II a

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* a ) a 4 VIEWERMainetheproject.TheytheThe realities Viewer citizens Guidesandwithin IN were REAL the simulationdesigned Leaderland GUIDE use Guides to formatproblems involve are of AND(see insideLEADER'S backcoverfor copies) GUIDE usedGames to andfill requests 1,000 Leader as mail Guides, is received. is being TIMETABLESEPTEMBERAUGUST Viewer and Leader Guides. Artwork.Research Printing. Mailing. and writing forthoseviewing.discussionasaand supplementprocesses. Thewishing and Viewer to Theto to serve the pursueguidesGuide programs as ishandbookssomecoursewere a resource todeveloped stim for ulate toolof ofLeader'sGuidewasdesignedaction inexercisestobeconducted schools. locallyoron the stateA summary level.by as g a roups Theofcatalogue individual or state laws regu- includedagenciesboththelating Viewer land in usewasGuide. theViewerGuide. public In reprinted addition, and privatewereand a list included of in Distribution AcresandMaineViewer gamesCultural StatePublic Guides, were Services,Department Broadcasting Leader distributed as Guides offollows: NetworkEducationalby bothand Eco-theand the 12,000 Viewer Guidesdepletedadditional2,000(This figure Viewer within supply includes Guides ten of daysViewer a to second fill of allGuidesthe orders. printing first was The of materials,3,0009,000 Eco-AcresLeader approximately Guides GamesThe remaining 1,000broadcast Eco-Acres supply date.) of auxiliary PROMOTIONTheMe." total series publicity was effortcarefully for coordinatedThe Land and to 1972AugustDateMailed IVIPBNAnnouncedTopic for environmental award of grant simu- to utilize all media of communicationpeaksaturate on the dateState to: for of thetomationMaine assure first regardingwith broadcast maximum infor- the viewing series and citizen April1973 AnnouncedEducationlationMPBN series for act.through awardbyenvironmental U.S. forEnvironmental Office grant ofsimula-to Broadcast Promotion participation April1973 tomentaltion questedHowMPBN series doProtection with youcitizensby thetheirfeel U.S. Agency. aboutofopinions Maine Environ- Me.? tore: Re-write stationsoftopicappearances Memberssufficient of themade seriesofurgency on timethe television wasproject available that of widecommercialstaff and on interestmaderadio. their guestTheair and to Each of the following releases offered how land should be used in Maine. promote "The Land 4and commercialpublic7 commercial Me." television They television included: radio stationsThe stations Mainestations comprising Public Broadcasting Network Sept.uponauxiliary1973 request.11, printed General materials Release. to Informationviewers free pects,about series,Viewer/Leader viewer active Guides, as- wasblanketed conducted the entire by theThese State In1four public addition, broadcastofTV Maine. radiostations extensive station facilities, and on-air in effect, promotion Sept.Sept.1973 18, 21, gameMainebutEco-Acres supplementaland citizens use Game,Game. as portray independent aidetc.Describes to char- series. one BroadcastingPressFM Radio Releases Station Network. of the Maine Public 1973 problems.actersfactuallyplayersparticipation involved and Highlightedrepresented alsoin in series Maine public citizens' byas land agencies membersrole- use newspapersPress releases including: were6 maileddaily701 Sunday weekly newspapers to all newspapernewspapers Maine 1973Sept. 26, gaveinedViewerof seriestheir citizens' direction staffs.Active via activephone-in aspects.to series. participation vote Highlight- which Advertising ThecarriedThe FeatureSunday following stories TelegramStories newspapers about (Portland)the series: and periodicals ADVERTISINGadsdaycampaign,conductedAn intensive ofon the television firstwhichthroughout advertising program, wasand gearedreal Maine. campaignincluded estate to The peak pages.display was on the TheThe NaturalMaineBangor LandMaine Times AdvocateResourcesDaily Teacher News (2 Council editions) Newsletter September 29-OctoberSelectedAllMaine Maine 2 Sunday WeeklyDaily Newspapers TelegramNewspapers TheTheMAYA, NewsletterAudubon Irregular Newsletter Society ofof MaineInternational ofVisual Newsletter the Real Maine Association Estate Independence Audio- Listings October 5 9 SelectedAll Maine WeeklyDaily Newspapers Newspapers EnvironmentNortheast Outdoor ImprovementOutdoor Memo,ReportInstitute Association Recreation BureauService of WeekTV Guide of September 29-October 5 Next four weeksWeeklyfirstCLOSE-UPseries. program updating on in Octoberseries. for each 2 program in Highlighting at the conclusion of each of these programs TELEPHONESBACKGROUND "Don't get hung up on them" account:but the following factors were taken into225,000 television22,500 homes (10%) inhomes Maine watching MPBN (estimated maximum) forminutesvotes. votingprogram. The instructions of staff"fill" atwanted the and end r processingo of more each than of ten telephoneguidelinesTheinmaximum thestaff, shortest workingnetworkof number the periodgrant, under capable of statewidehadof the time. toof viewer developcounting The phone activefirst a a calls phonephoneprogram. calls call could per second beThus expectedThe pera telephone theoretical line for if eachthere company maximum were estimated of 22,500 one statecompany.The carefully staff studied The in conjunctionfollowing theWHERE demography distribution TO with PUT the of THIRTY phoneofthe TELEPHONES? TheAdecision andhavingseparate twin a number thenumbersa singlenumbers staff for madenumber eliminated OPTION was for to Bpeoplethe have instead need two to toofcall. a number for OPTION nosecond.thirtylineswould talking. wouldlines deliver The would deliver budget ten delivervotes/second; twenty for the thirty vote/second; project votes/ twenty dictated Thus, ten lines theoretically telephonea functioncapability lines of of demography: was the inphone part companya function and of in part10 lines installed in Greater Bangor(population 72,000) timeEliminatingtalkmaximum on each the line telephone.talking volume was inshortened of use.Next, calls theexpected. the staff amount had Using to of determine the Thiscalls/minutelines,a limitical figure the maximumof thirtypolling was or lines. 18,000close tosystem satisfy With enough calls could thirtythe in staff.to tencount phone the minutes. This theoret-1,800 figure This distribution of lines10 wasWATSlines possible installed lines in instudio Greater to serve (populationPortlandremainder the 141,625) of the state nocessingthis formula estimated each for call determiningvolume, was estimated. the these.time for Therefigures, pro- is wasprogramsat alsothe conclusion used to toestimate estimate of each the the timeof timethe to "vote-in"neededbe allotted Atheatbecause regionalizedthe editing end MPBN oftime the voteforhad first eachThe areflected three split split of feedprogramsthese feed both capability. programs.of athe tripledmore telephone numbers preciseminute."wouldMPBN votingdrive viewership Phone the pattern tencompany (see "Tenoperators and VOTE, telephones arepresentatives. more crazy p. accurate26). inringing one in one room table.ThewereincomingHARDWARE ten Tally presented telephones calls.lights & TALLYAswere to were soonthe attached audience, putas the on votetoa longeachindicate options 1-S00-232-7893 'iO0-232-7873LANDDEVELPPR iT PUS T thecradleoperator cradle and lifted button put theit on down, receiver the table. off Theythe phone held Whenlifted they the sawbutton, the the light light go wenton, they out simplyand they followingadvantage items: of such a system consisted of the TIMETABLE button.then tallied a vote and pressed the cradle 8:207:30 p.m. VoteProgram options begins presented to 3)2) 1)highfewer fewertelephone volume operators, of calls hence lines, in a period,less hencevery cost short lesscosthence shorter "fill" time at JUNE ProgramcentercompanyNegotiations development and and with computer phone 8:27 p.m. addcollectcradleSupervisorsaudienceReceiver total. tally School sheets at eachvote and polloff call/second/line.telephoneing over equipmenteight calls/second/line, Thus, Whileallowed it proved the for computer imprac-only the one was capablethe of end count- of the first three programs. AUGUSTJULY phoneMoreattesting computer company center after com- consultationof phone system with 8:308:28 p.m. duringrunningstudioincluded.*Regional break total totals given added on air in audience system,ticalswitchingtelephoneHowever, to use it would the inequipmentcompany areascomputer be practicalof has theand to computerizedcountry counta toTouchtone plug votes. where the dialthe ordercidedputerIMPORTANT:regionalization uponprovedfor telephones and impractical staffAllow placed at least was de- 9:00encouraged p.m. to vote until phone lines into a computer. 1.449 MD PE. Coeracce tationthree months for consul- with telephone 8:45 p.m. overLower following third crawl program supered to 80U66Portlml84,4301" 7754177947.6701 775-6391947 6444 P..a. Cally 01/7/Atr- .jr11.51 Ln, CL Ct j, companyweeks and at least six for order to be 8:58 p.m. Regionalencourage votes more tallied voting in 1-800-232-7873 20.32011-816 232-7893 253252251 303302301 351 /0/2/73 403402401 4521153851 processed. 9:00 p.m. studioFinal vote announced on 207208205 ' 2582577,6255254 308307306305304 40P617kW4054o4 458457456455454 OCTOBER gramhoursThirty operators each voting for two pro- air during break 213212211210209 28326226260259 1 313312311329 362 413412411410409 463462461460459 and other volunteer students organizations 8:30 a.m.*Schools and 12:30 had p.m.seen The the teachersprogram at 218217215214 ?Oa24,2662652CA 318317316315314 368385360 419817816415OA 468467466465460 were used for a savings. votepolled in theirvia a classes station WATSand called line. theThese 723222221220219 273272771270269 323322321320319 373372369 421423422420479 473472471470469 total.votes were included in the 8:30 p.m. 228226225224 278277276275274 3063:53:8328377 78 428427426425424 478477476475474 OTHER OPTIONS .F81 163182 2332V2312190 223232231200279 333372379331329 392361 433472OA0,,0429 893482431483479 havingThe project the incoming staff explored telephone the possibility lines of 18718866184 237235234 287206235284 334337336335 43743(,435434 487486484405 connected directly to the University of 190199188 22441239238 0 290289288 340339338 4'4)439h3a 490489488 Maine computer. This proved to be feasible 191 745244243242 296294293292291 345344343342341 392391 445444443142441 493492491455434 theboth telephone in terms of company. the Computer The theoretical Center and 250249248247246 30029925432972% 350349348347346 400359 450419448447446 5004))45434:74:5 THE VOTEANALYSIS OF CALLING VOLUME FOR PROGRAM 1 * WATSThetomonitored ofMPBNthe 2823 MPBN polling calls.the phone number Thesystem polltelephone of processedas attempted follows: company a calls total 8052 Attempts SWITCHBOARDLandDeveloper Trust 397 47 BANGORPORTLAND TOTALminus 6609 ATTEMPTS NOT 2823 Processed94321390 notAttempts Attempts monitored adequate.dataMPBN's that the Thisuse equipment duringwas due Itthe istoset program deara asideCHOKE from for was thenet- not telephone company PROCESSED DeveloperLand Trust 141449PORTLAND wouldcompanyworkin the set not state. up systemtie internally up all so the the within telephone program the phone votinglines DeveloperLand Trust 510464 BANGOR LandDeveloper TrustWATS 672 143 studio October*Program 2, 1 1973 A agemonthsGENERALmajor viewers effort prior was atto home the made first and during air-date in schools the to six encour- to re- UniversityCollegeMaineParent -Federation Teacher of of the Maine Atlantic, of (several Women's Bar Harbordepartments) Clubs Associations RESPONSEAUDIENCE "We get letters" andquestp. Me."22- the 23 (Seeauxiliary ) Promotion materialsRESULT: and for Advertising 550"The letters Land from communities throughout the State of Maine NATIONAL InternationalPennsylvaniaNationalCommittee Coalition on Independence StateClean for University AirLand Conservation Reform Institute JuniorresentingandRequests principals High 5294 andfrom instudents High Maine142 Schoolsteachers rep-in TELEPHONESwrittenington,lettersUnsolicited requests andD. C. publicationspublicity from 16 in statesnational has resulted and news- Wash- in schedulewatchedschoolsSCHOOLSRequests where from and/or are on-air the also bell programs broadcasts stiilconflicts. coming could Many duein notfrom toof be byofwasA tally thephone not broadcasts, of kept, telephonealmost but onover requestsFor arequests dailythe a summary five-week basis.were for materialsreceived of period the telephone voting stilltheairthese onprogramsbeing schoolstheir received own at recorded equipmenttheir Asfrom own this theindividuals convenience.report andprograms will goes andrepeat off-to press, letters are theSPECIALdividualresponseIn cast, addition, programs, have of the the been viewing staff, (see asked and The audience toalso Vote, cooperate members p.to 26).in- of themselvesorganizationsheardlistLeader is representative from: Guides and requesting for and groups. Eco-Acres of Viewerthe The organizations followingGuides,game for differentcivicnotinclude: only and withcapacities. educational individuals,videotape To institutions date, but thesealsorecordings in.many with requests of the programs for LibrariesLeagueUniversity of (several) Womenof Maineters)sion Voters Cooperative Service (several Exten- chap- speakersoutlinesadditional of for informationalscripts meetingsuse materials with groups and classes ConservationAllagashChurchesRegionalPlanning BoardsPlanningEnvironmental Commissions (several) Commissions Institute (several) (several) wheneverassistanceThe above possible. haveinformation, been provided materials and This survey was conducted"How priorDo Youto pre- Feel About Me.?"(for sample, see appendix p. 40) seemedmajorityuseissues issues tofishing feltfeel was taxation state licenses. appropriate, involvement practices While the most were samein land people not SURVEYSEVALUATION & problemsawarenessasparingninety an instrument a script.percent in and the Theattitudesstate. ofto thosestaffdetermine Analysis aboutused surveyed the publiclandindicated survey usewere fairRE:not and equitable.scripting that distribution from theThe1. resultsof staffThe tax scriptdollarsdrew of the theshould survey:was following emphasize conclusions the role thefulltimewereOver state.(74.5%) by50%residents Water far headingof the those based mostin the thesurveyed popularrecreational statelist, followed of withowned Maine. activitiesswimming by land boating in 2. Public prejudice regarding environ-andof mentalGovernment management. laws had in land to be use dispelled. planning thetherewere(53.8%) state. alsowere and Andpopular. ample fishing. yet, recreational44,8% CampingMost felt of theand facilities peoplerecrea- hiking in surveyed (82%) felt 3. 4.Public The roleawareness of the citizen of the regardingintricaciesuseheightened.of land landproblems use problems had to be had emphasized. to be amongmentprivateownershiptional offacilities ownership.those land and seemedsurveyed. weremanagement, Favoring overcrowded. to be pervasive state 50% manage- favoredAs to statewideDISTRIBUTIONMore than as 1,000follows: surveys were distributed rk, Q: At what level do you feel land use planningFederal should occur?25% 69.8%State 64.2% 25.9% Local Private 3.2.1. RandomAudubon sampling mailing.Society and at an Natural educationalquestionnaire.sources Re- Council reprints of the issues.substantialstate regulation However, state of involvementonly privateAlso,More 22.8% 52.8% lands. than couldin ofhalfland-use those des- of the sampled sample favored favored 4. 6.5.Requests ConservationAppalachian for questionnaire MountainCommission. Club. throughnewspaperconference. promotion. 9%surveyedstatecribeland could agencies.the Fisheries purposesaiddescribe they For and and thelikedexample, Game functionactivities to Departmentfish, 40% of butof several ofthe only those In-which turned.surveys This distributed. representsApproximately7. roughly Guillemot 9% of300(natural the surveys history were newsletteraimed re- at summer residents) ,T43-;07:10fir, ChannelWMEM-TVPresque 10 Isle WCBB-TV WMEB-TVChannelOrono 12 WMEH-FM WMED-TVChannelCalais 13 ofthe..Netvvórks.progràmP110 in nature, designe' Augusta(independent)Channel 10 90.9Bangor MHz programmingurally iAitiqfiing7$61-theiti'' rogrammingcomplete,,Educational and andpublic entertainir affa 5006160d=hci Portland WMEA-FM . 90,1RadioProposed MHz oped.APPEAL1) Innovative This TO had FUNDORS alreadymethodology been tested to be devel-in the FUNDINGCRITERIA:"NorthviousMe." based viewer-active of the on Namaskeag," the partialFunding television success whichwas simulation, sought wasof a pre- for The Land and 3)casts."supplementary2) MultimediaStatewideNamaskeag" participation approach materials pilot. included to through support various MPBN "tele- Act,fundedlackingNamaskeag"Broadcasting Project jointly the Impact proper by wasNetwork. Title and anresearch I, incomplete Higherthe "North Maine and Education of evaluationPublic projectthe DOcoverage. wouldquatefunds.couldience, fundingdeliverBased serve the management on anasof theanotherexcellenta demonstration "Namaskeag" similar ofproduct MPBN project model. exper-which felt ade- 3)sistent2)project.1) SeekBeSecure prepared in funds seeking all funding that to funds. spend are prior flexible time to beginning andenough be per- to ThisSOURCES:researchEnvironmental office wishedand development Education toof beEducation involved Act, phases U.S. in the only.Office auxiliaryoped,fundedexample,allow forthe initially item.changes Thegame The Eco-Acres"but became as asprinting project the an project gameand important develops. distribu- wasdevel- not For jectRegionalEnvironmentaloffice.Roughly was sought 2/3Office, of and Protectiontotal Boston. secured budget Funding Agency through for the for pro-this the throughtion of the use game of allocated was finally funds. achieved andProvidedMainebudget.production secured. Public in-kind phase Roughly Broadcasting services of the1/3 project of to total Networkmatch was project funds sought mightfeltTheseLocalmade their weakensources and availableparticipation Statewide thewere through integrity not as Business tappedvested other of the sources.asinterests project. it was GrayceProjectExecutive PappsDirector Producer/ WilliamJohnDean N. R. ColeBennett Adams BrendaPotNancy Hudak Morison Morison AnnieMrs.Myrtle Davis Ethelind Wright Martin INVOLVEMENT Producer/WriterDickDirectorEton ZimmermanChurchill WilliamJohnJamesVirginiaEzra D. S.WoodJames McNeil Haskell. L. Palmer Briggs Jr. MarjorieLynneBeckyCynthiaKathleen KelleyMoulton SeverPerkins Minicetti EdwardDorothyHerbertHaroldMary Sullivan Kelly EcclesScammonMcBride SoundChuckJimLynnCinematographers Garvin HalstedRecordist Marschner RandallDavidFrankCalvinErik L.Woodard M.Van R.Davis Thomas Curtis de Bogart III DeniseRayleneMarionSteveE. C. Dunlop Stanley GallantBoudreau Marden TheresaLauraMyraInezR. B. MaihuberOuellette Roberts DavisHutchins JohnEdSetBruceLocation KnaubHealy Designers McMillan Director JamesLouiseWilliamCatherineRalph ChamberF. L. Greene ConnorsG.Willette Lucas land RoscoeCathyBernardMarkPauline Van Crocker WhitingCliffordJamieson de Bogart JaniceFrankSharonMrs. FournierAliceEva Fowles Irish Littlefield Carty MusicGinniVicGraphic Cormier Lind by Artists lof J.Cynthia NormanSarahRoss SchactSpagnolo Emery Wilkinson StephenKentRobertMrs.Ron GregoryCallabashSmith Tise E. Lennon AndreaBillKenMertonDr. GeraldLegere Krall Lucien Nickerson Dube JoanJohnAnnouncersHerrickDan YoungEmery Everett& Handler RobertHoraceTheodoreEdDiane Winchester Reed FiskeGardiner Tryon R.Charles MadelineMichaelDr.Alec James GiffenM. BarrettSexton R. R. Freeman Miller CindiDr.RichardPeterNicholas Ogden CavanaughCox Anderson Holt Small Asst.EarlDanManagerStudio Manager AllenCorley Crew JaneTobyTerryLeeJohn Schepps MorisonPhilbrickLeBoutillierBurgess AlvinRoyFloydVirginiaMillard Hugie J.G. Smith Scammon WS. HallDavis Al HastingsFredDavidErnestSandy Holt Buchanan HastingsBlaisdell TimAmyJoeEversonCarl Wooten Stevens MichaudAnton Stinson MarkFritzGaryKipRon LyonSmithHigginbottom and Poitras Faiga Shaw AngelaThomasMargotElizabethNicole Z. E. Cecile B.Aloupis Bailey. BaileyEmery Collin Jr. AlanWillardJamesMaryDave Layton ByrnesYoungstrom MinorPlatt Smith TomMichaelBillDavid Cyr Erspamer PetersTenney Dunn CharlesKeithH. Mrs.BarbaraJ. CornetMc Toivo SleightKeen McKernon Johnson JudithStephenRonaldJohnJudy Blaisdell Fernald F. A. Mosher Fernald LisaFredBillBobCraig Thompson MasonMowdyDoane Milner ra HerbArthurDonaldSupervisorEngineers Dean Dunlap Winslow HerbDr.Rev.Carl RonalRobert SeiinEdwinHartman F. House HindBanks GeorgeJohnClarenceLeeRussell B. Loring H.Davidson Sanborn ChristensenJennings ErnestPamWayneSuessDiane Eyler DevineNeilson EasterBrown SteveBryantGregIraRome Huntley. Snow Barnes ThibeaultPeterson LesJohnEdgarCliffordBuzz Spencer J. S. GoodallLovePurdy Day JaneLloydJeanetteJohnRobert RobbinsRensenbrinkW. Swann F.Mallett Ulmer CathyJacquelineJimEdaBernard BissonVan Crocker de JamiesonNevells Bogart VernitaJeffreyJeanPeter E3rountas AlanD. Christakos Witham Davis SusanLandMaine Szwed Use Wilderness Regulation CanoeCommission Basin Rt.to71HarrietLesterLucy E.Martin Kerts ConnorsLeins StullScottSkylarkBangor Associates Paper PollutionCorporation Company Abatement Facility . 'I CeolaThomasCynthiaPaulRhonda Winters Winters ConnorsDupis Blanchard OronoEnvironmentalNaturalMaGass Ilett'sSenior Office Resources Lumber Citizens Products Studies Mill Council Center Center AlanAlSusanC. StrussIreneJ. ThomsonGilbert Struss Gilbert SamUnitedDepartmentUniversity Ely Methodist Land of Trust ofMaine InlandChurchand Game Fisheries 4.411Piir." WilliamHelenLisaAdeleBarbara Feldman SanbornN. C. Papps LarkinD. Larkin AudubonJ.MaineAll S. Souls McCarthy TeachersState CongregationalSociety Planning Printing Association Office Co., Church Inc. JoanneMargaretDianeBillyPhyllis DowdDowd Dowd Dowd V. King J.BeaverControlAmtrackTa M. Sita Huber CoveData Corporation Corporation GailLindaLunnRussellKathleen E. D. LaBree York BrimmerWood Caron U. J.GuillemotDeadSquawS. W. Environmental SewallRiver Mountain Company Co. at Protection Moosehead Agency ThomasJohnRhodaRobertaBrian A. Robbins,TuckerCorley Blanchard A. Blanchard Jr. U. S. Office of Education JoanneJudyRaeSheilaHenry Rosen HarringtonHomer CorleyRoberts Gallup JaneJimAllanNancyMelissa Gallup GallupGarten Erskine Shinn 4 -1 GretchenJimTrinkaLeslieKirsten Greene Gallup McFaddenGallup IT MIGHT HAVE HAPPENED TO YOU ABOUTQUESTIONNAIRE...LETTERNOW LOOK MAINE? AND AT THEY THIS. SENDHOW I SENT DOME THEM IA FEEL LONG A IT SAYS HERE THEY WANT TO KNOW 6 MYMAINE.HOW HIGH I FEEL I'M TAXES. GOIN' ABOUT TO LAND WRITE USE 'EM IN ABOUT YOUWE GET SAW TO IT VOTE.AT SCHOOL TODAY. A \\ T ELSEGUYS WAS DON'T IN KNOWTHATLL, THERE'S PACKAGE? ANYTHING. AN EVALUATION FORM, T HERE.ERE ARE LETOOK SOME ME ABOUT SEE LAWS, WHAT A TV AND SERIES.IT THERE'SSAYS. TALKWEREWE TALKED IT ALL .0 GOIN' ABOUT TO IT WATCH AT THE AND LEAGUE. THEN N- (I CALLEARN A A TOWN NICKEL MEETIN'. IF YOU YOUDON'T CAN'T LET A TOTOURISTSSURVEYI TELLDORAISIN' SOMETHIN' YA ABOUT TAXES...MAC, COMIN' I MAINE. FILLEDABOUT UP HERE THEY'VE OUTALL AND A TV THESE GOT FACTORY JUSTCOME CLEAN INTO TOWN. INDUSTRY.TyYEAH,GROW DAD, UP BUTWITH I DON'TA LOT OF WANT TO POLLUTION. 1111.-0- OK, KIDS,IL. WE GOT(WHAT A GAME KIND IN OF GAME? THE 9 WELL,DOMIND IF SOMETHIN' THAT'S FOR 1984, WHAT ABOUT I BETTER THEY IT. GOT GET UP AND IN THAT'S WHAT WE SAID AT THE LEAGUE. WAY.CHOICES.YEAH, I'VOTED, BUT I DIDN'T LIKE THERE'S GOTTA BE A WELL,FIGURE YEAH, IT OUT?,BUT WHO'S GONNA BETTER\-----, THE THAT'S WHAT WE SAID TOO, IN SCHOOL. GIMME THAT BOOK. LET'S SEE WHAT t,sk \,. 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11,411 Ars rr, ps tt .fir :1jet 7 .10 f 4 1'1 of 20million125%from in 1960. 1980as Projectionsshow opposed tofive a million visitor inpopulation 1971. theair and erection water or quality. alteration LURC of anyrequires structure permits within for its1) APPENDIXLandINTRODUCTION:LAND use refers, USE quite RESEARCH simply, to how a particularA tract system.lakeslakesregionisonThe heaviestthe region southeastern and areconcentration Baxter serviced coast, State by ofthe Park.an the mid-coast,excellent itinerant All but thehighway thepopulation western western managementandalreadyjurisdiction;Exemptions the harvestapproved 2)anydevelopment districts. includeof bytimber the applications Publiccrops in ofUtilities areassubdivision for utilitydesignatedCommission functionsactivities. as landsocialorganismuseof land ofis organism atois tract beusedwhere used. of or landcan,the not The land deeplytoused process a isdegree, at located. influences a givenof landinfluence Conversely, time. use the Theis socialhow then specific thethe a mile.averagestate with population an averageCurrently density Inof 19703.1 ispersons there 10.1there arepersons were per 397,000 unit. 384,000 per The squarehousing persons units employed in the in effectiveanyZoningbe area subjugated Act Junewithin for 30.Shoreland 250 to1973. feetsubdivisionIn 1971ofLURC Areas a navigable the and/or andwhich Maine zoning DEP stipulatesoody Legislature arecontrols of waterto that over- passed the Mandatory seemsvisionmanypublicdynamic attractivesimulation.agencies. particularly one involving possibilitiesAs The appropriate a dynamic landa by-play use for process, and problem theof manytimelyviewer-active landin private dueMaine use to andhas tele- paper,withmentthe1971. state. over also lumber, Average an76%increased increase food,being annual fromleather derivedof 36,000 income27,500 and from fromtextiles.statewidein 1960five 1960. industries to is 31,800Unemploy- 56,000.00. in General,Stateseeistersall local Park thezoning statewhich Forest ownedunder is administeredCommissionerThe thisparkswith State statute. Park bythe and the exceptionand the state Recreation Commis- Attorney of Baxter Department admin- cantherecharacterpendingBosWash eventsthat legislation Mainewhich inindustrial the isdid formationin andnot sharp corridor. participatealso contrast ofto IttheMaine's is importantAmericanfully to the indigenousin sprawlingtwo tocharacter: signifi- remember land taxtheturnreal increasesnecessary estatehave raised at ahave increases premium. real an estateIncreased adverse for Inflated taxesservices. effect demand propertyconsiderably onDrastic ownershipfrom values property out-of-state beyond in visitors has put about49.000sionerDepartment 22.000of acres. State acres Parks.of Forestry for TheSPRD wildlife Inlandcontrols controls preservation Game 400,000 approximately and andFisheriesacres the in Department controls corridor.differentmakestheincreases industrial the fromThe basic Ile atypicalrevolutionthe attrcharacter accepted ctiveness nature and ofnorm the ofthe of the great theofMainer Mainethe state depression. BosWash somewhat characterto outsiders This yeartothestandard.in amake momentstate of purchase. upwards whereConsequently, to the average of well 15% capitalized incomeMaineof his investment is is very developerbelow vulnerable the within nationalwishing one at ofHeavyPlanningpublic Commerce lots.Industry Office, and and the Industry, TheGovernor'sRecommending Maine the Coast,TaskMaine Force statetheIndustrial Department onagencies Energy. Build- include the State "WillThiswhilepopulatedrecreational lackthe making C'at9 of equiliorium BosWasheconomic cipark Maine serving producesbe corridor?"life doomed intrastatethe needs such Or, to serve moreWillquestionsof the the difficult.as densely richa giantas: coastal (amendedProtectionStateLAND Agencies: USE inadministers REGULATION: 1971). The This Department the act Site requires Selection of Environmental a license Act of for 1970 any whichTheingland Authority latter are use twoprivately question and are theactive funded in PrivateMaine Maine. in financingare RecreationalAgencies: They actively include: development. involvedVarious Authority. The conservation inMaine the groups andaretidelandsthey?nilly there indigenous into Who otherand the densewill industrialviable characterecologists? decide forests alternatives, theprocess simply future of andbeof megalopolis?" Maine'sabsorbed ifindustry? so what land willy- are massOr, oroccupiesdrillingwhichcommercial, more 1) or of occupiesonexcavating structure. aresidential single 20 parcelforCriteriaacres ornatural industrial orof for landmore; resources;site 60,000 selectiondevelopment2) contemplates squareor, include3) feet CommissionClub,AllagashAudubon and Group, Society,:he is Maine an The armThe CoastNatureInterstate ofNatural the Heritage Conservancy,Federal Resources Agencies: Trust.government TheCouncil,The NewSierra The England River Basins vestedHitherto,BACKGROUND:government? private land theuse interests privatein Maine without citizen? has beenthe benefit determined of statewide by provisiontheInnoxious1) applicant addition,proof for odors;of solidtofinanc.ia: the meet and,wasteapplicant state 3)and disposal securing watertechnical must and andprovide of abilityaair control good standards; for on water trafficof the partsupply. 2) of Stateresources.lationsdesignedForest of for Maine. Service to theThe coordinate development National alto control federal, Park of Serviceabout water state 107,000and andand related localthe acres U.S. regu- land in the comprisebylandownedplanning. 16 mass corporations theand-8% Of state,is theclassified is 90%approximately water and is as foursurface.privately "wildland" families. 20 Almost owned, million andAbout half 2%is acres controlled one-halfof is thestate which state's establishedeffectcirculation1971. will LURC beand in incurred 1970parking deals with Thewith onand extendedthe Land thedemonstrate natural 407 Use unorganizedpowers Regulationenvironment. that granted no adversetownshipsCommission in (LURC) was resident,sword;TheAUDIENCE land not butuse only APPE/9..: the ques,, is issue the n issuealsoin Maine hasof vital asis ainterest doublecomponent to edged the the state inforonof the 197011%the recreationalstate last ofwas the decade.population 993.663 land summer mass. This and lives population Thehas season on populationremained the 1971,fragile increased relatively ofan coastline, the increase fivefoldstate stable or,in establishes;Thisof theping.of includesthe state andstate. and landa about LandIn 56 useaddition mainland 10Use standards million Guidance to resourceplantations acres, as they Plan. or analysis roughlydirectlyin LURC 12 counties. and affect halfalso map- areownedsuchbehaviorincome of a patent realhigh and potential estate, percentage interest.attitude land is. Landof of use, ofthe course, the use "outland population as ofvaluesextremely itstater". relates and lives Because toimportant taxation personalon in a relativelythe way ofdepressed life" or "life economy. style" component But most important as a direct is civicthe service. land use Finally, question. and Thisperhaps would most be inimportantly, the area of a TIME1970 State DECISION Local for theselandMainederivativea number use "qualities". willing to ofof date? land qualitiesto give it use.While is upsafe accessibleIn itcertain other isto impossiblesay words, economic thatin the Mainers are patternsto quantifytheadvantages peopleare of of threefold:tothe the public'sviewer-active future 1) role ofthe the indissemination process thestate.In summary, land could use of question ourbe information usededucational asto ithighlight relatesregarding purpose would be Government (Agency) Land(Concept) Bank Government Citizen (Agent) (Act) stressownershipprotectivethe 'ruggedframework ofand their individualism*use "rights'.with of Theland. the asproblemslarger theseof Mainers environment. are attendant expressed in an interesting toThe land in use regulation set withinproblem.newcitizenagencies thinking thein planningAll concernedprogram of patterns these for limitation with objectives theto resolve landfuture; for use: couldbothanda highly2) 3) the thebe the adultcomplexattainedplace need and of for the organizedquestiontoreflectsis boundzone. of townshipseither Intowho viewbe decides thesomewhat of lack inthe Maine what statisticsof inflamatory.need controlshave or on zoningthe tourism are Onlyoutright establishedlaws 14 and %whichrefusal theof the componentsTheEVALUATION:schoolquestions land audiences. use whichas problem "how could does has be builtthe tested DEPinto after itfunction" many airing. quantifiable fall Such into the EDUCATIONALOctoberregulationrecent zoning 1973. should mandate VALUE: be very for coastalmuch of waters. an issue land in use question"likequantifiable "how dowould category.you revealfunctionQualities In program aas more aand citizen generaleffectivenessvalue in judgementsthe way, land questions as use well. are much more ENERGYINDUSTRIAL ry RESIDENTIALRECREATIONAL withningasdesignTraditionally, the highof claimedorthe ecologicalsound forest land good planning. product use consciousnessmanagement in Maine industry.There has are and Now. andproceeded exceptions..such long pressures however. range without plan- from controlvaluerevealbedifficult known. of judgements. our land?"to evaluate,Aeffectiveness question before This insofar andsuch would in after overcomingasas mean "Do priorthe youprogram thatprejudices believe setquestionnaires patterns could inmust state of CONSERVATIONRESOURCE TRANSPORTATIO planning.pressureswideisthe very BosWash basis much Federal offor inconsiderable corridorthe order fundsfuture for in have Maine.isjuxtaposition, immediacywithout recently Planning precedent, beenrequire sound on madea planningandstatewidestate- yet dense.repeatedaswith promotional this For kind after the of programming, evaluator,material item wouldProgram prior this have tomakes content programming to go the outin job a to Land easier the and Usepublic be series would be quite -1975 usefunctionsadministerfundsavailable continues has for inin the government turnthis tofunds. becomespawnedkind Theof planning;is an question manysuddenly important state the of critical agenciesoverlappingavailability issue. as As land to there of programeffectiveness.easilyinsofarPOSSIBLE be as couldcategorized there TheTREATMENTS:easily is more overall beand testable gleaned. impactmonitored material of this for kindprogram which of cana Government Land (Agency)Bank GovernmentState Citizen (Concept) (Agent)Local (Act) arepastlookingbyis necessary experiencea many sudden in is a that todemandrear only.even the view Completelystateapproach for mirrorplans planning, will back a newsolution the into will ways danger thebe of of basedfuturethe thinking expressed land byon followingdeterminedillustratelandIn thinking use diagram andthat of by itspossible"character" landis effects. helpful use treatments Thedecisions inor showing "lifediagram style" andover the is formats, is adesigned process largelyperiod the of ofto time. viewpoint.approachedgivetouse point problem.exposure up The the the Our toneedAllagash problem some service. for of newGroup from theeducationally, ways agencies ais completely one of thinking such that would agency. havedifferent and be to communityThisTheequilibrium diagramprocess could alsochart in land changeshows shows use. various drasticallythat the interests character as a directthat of seeka conse- given Publicfunctionencouraged.suchWe also as the Vermont,couldwell various Weby draw simply also wherefunctions in wouldpoints illuminating tourism of beof agencies viewserving is nofor from longer theour involved other generaleducational officially states in expensive.quencetwoor.mind if possibilities theyofalso land With arethat use reversible,this land are decisions. general usepresented decisions the background, It process is as helpful treatments:are is often toverythe keep irreversible.following in CONSERVATIONRESOURCEENERGYINDUSTRIAL RECREATIONALTRANSPORTATIONRESIDENTIAL aagenciesProgramTREATMENT particular 1:on Intract the theI chartof year land. are1973, Self-interested shown all of to the be parties in parties conflict and bid over on MAINE, 1984 onliving byretirement.the movingin land a trailer as intoBut developer. or ahe an more would apartment. urbanpark have commissioner, environment toThe change audience his and etc. waybids perhaps of life viewers,formattrythe Program toland impose is for asin acitizens,2:order particulartheir We here. seeregulations. vote what useWith on andimpact howthis A the newsinformationthe decisionregulatoryagencies land special is oneto the betype has used. had impactreactionsrevealed.landProgram are of shown. 2: thebeingBen Community new is mixed,Plans shown land for use butreactionin the his basicallyon use newthe to of-the community environsthe positive. sale land of withare Theraises Ben's his havestreetfindtureon the problemsaand some sampling land, character. immediacy. the communitycouldenvironment We be talkHow effective toin will and concernedstress. the theto stress make communityA man parties bethe in relieved? program the and struc- all Programdevelopmenthighlightsseveralthe regulatory questions. 3: and The plans summaryagencies process Hearings are shown statements).ofparticipating. development are and held audience (weActual Labor is show shown alternativeimpactchooses. only with land'rograrnpresented.orInterviewswithmayor.stateagencies,etc.Whatagency agencies use 3:alternatives. 1977.Audience make Audience the votesThesedecisions? onselected are methods subjected Alternatives agency of planning.to proposes hearingsare relatedThesomeProgramis audiencehighlighted, conflict to service 4: invotesNeighboring various service industries. on severaloverlapping industry tract options of is land, brought state in owned theagencies. in. program There by Farmer is planningProgramdesirable(highlightsirreversibility are4:land only 1984. shown. use shown).factors Effects program. Broader are Audience of dealtimpact scope with. votes of planning newStress on land the isand usemostshown, actualdo?processAmos.learned Ben pressuresis asandabout fromwas Amos to FarmerBen's of be thediscuss assimilated experience highBen's thebid. land. alternatives. in is Whatthe pitted same should against What or likeAmos Amos the ProgramAudienceterms.communitytut it will Other not5: votes Theis be alternative shown asonPresent. severea newto beland The possibleas thinking inusedecision Program policies plan. of futurefrom 2. are NowProgram in explored. broader 4 discussionenceAmos'playedProgram is situation outgiven 5: onin Wrap Ben's thethe and sameupair casethe asconsists choicesvotecommunity and is howof tallied as other theyProgram as alternatives amight whole. 1. affect only Audi- live ning,discussionsituationthroughis applied the logically thancitizen's to of the currentthat situation to rolein 1984 Programsituation in planning inrevealing Program 4.and Wrap and the a 1 very the needupand wouldrole different followed for of plan- include WhiledifferentThisTREATMENTvarious treatment the agencies. agencies planning IIstays bidding component in the onpresent a isspecific not and highlighted focuses parcel ofon inland. Programthistoreducedestate treatment, the lure1:which marketFarmer of the isthe nohuman Bencity) longer ownsand interest profitable a 200 relatively acresfactor for highofis. him choice increasedue realto a change in his family structure (due atseveral aindustriesbalance.in high his agencies, property profit Developers, have would tax. butmade putHestill the attractivehas Farmercannot State sought Ben makeParkagencyand bids assistance into onhis semi- hisbooks land. from various Selling ADDRESSNAMEAPPENDIX B HOW DO YOU FEEL ABOUT ME.? AF=FILIATIONtheyouMPBN followingfeel is about planning questions this aissue series and in of ordergive telecasts usto yourplan on anname, LAND effective address USE series. in andMaine. Would affiliation. We you need Weplease to will know contactanswer how 10. Do you9. Do favor you an think east-west Maine interstatehighways highway?are over-crowded? 31.6% Yes 61.3% No Other 7.1% Multipleyou again responses with a similar to each questionnaire question are after permitted. the series has been broadcast in October. 11. Do you feel the timberlands of theare state well managed? 2943.9% 7% Yes 52.4%49.1 No 71.2%Other 3.8% 2. Do1. Are you you own a propertyfull time residentin Maine? of Maine? 90.6%52.4% 47.2%Yes 9.0%No OtherOther.05%.05% 13.12. In general,Do you favor do you state feel regulation the industries of privatetake in more Maine lands? out of the state than they put in? 64.6%52.8% Yes 40.1%24.5% NoNo 10.8%Other 7.1% 3. In which of the followingSkiingparticipate? 39.6%recreational Check activities where do appropriate. you Boating53.8% Swimming Camping 74.5% 64.2% Hiking60.4% 15.14. Do you feelfavor the an communities oil refinery on havewell the for Maineplanned the disposalcoast? of solid waste? 18.4%Yes6.1%Yes 86.8%76.9% No Other 7.1%4.7% 4. Are there ample facilitiesrecreationalSnowmobiling in 8.0%the state needs? for your Fishing40.1% Hunting21.7% Golf 5.2% 82.1% Yes 14.6% No Other 3.3% 16. At what level do you feel planning25%Federal of land should occur? 69.8%State 64.2% 25.9% Local Private Interests 5. Are these facilities ownedBy the privately? state? 54.7%57.1%YesYes 17.9%19.3% NoNo 27.4%Other23.6% 18.17. Do you feel moretourism industries should be should encouragedto locate be encouraged in inMaine? Maine? 51.4%57.1% Yes 34.4%42.9% NoNo Other5.7%8.5% 6. Should recreational facilitiesOwned be by owned private by interests? the state? 50.5%76.9% 26.9%Yes 22.6% 8.0%No Other15.1% 19. Generally, would you: b.a. trydevelop and preserve it more forthe recreation state as it &is? industry? 34.0%27.4% 8.7. ShouldAre the usagerecreational of these facilitiesovercrowded?of-staters facilities you by be use out- restricted? 40.1%44.8% 49.5% 45.3%Yes No Other10.4% 9.9% d.c. prohibitnoneIf your of answer industrythe above is and(d.) pleaseconvertnational explain: Maine park? to a 1.9%3.3% 20. Which of the following agencies couldDepartmentLand you Use describe Regulation of Environmental fully? Commission Protection 26.9%28.3% Yes 71.7% No LandownersNaturalSierraAudubon Club Resources Society Association Council 24.5%37.7%42.5% 9.4% 90.6%75.5%62.3%57.5% StateCongressDepartmentNatural Planning ofResources Lake ofOffice Commerce Associations Committee and Industry 16.0% 9.0%7.5%9.0% 92.5%91.0%84.0% StateTheMaine NatureAllagash Department Recreational Conservancy Group of Parks Authority and Recreation 36.8%22.2%17.5%9.0% 62.7%91.0%82.5%77.8% 22.21. Do you feel industrythe general is taxed public fairly in Maine Inlandin Maine? is Fish taxed and fairly? Game Department Yes9.0%9.9% 14.6% NoNo Other 2.8% 24.23. GENERALDo you feel COMMENTS the state distributes taxeffectively monies in the interest of the public? Yes6.6%5.2% 12.3%10.8% No 11.3%Other 8.5% 3.10.89.3 10.9 6.92.2 CumberlandFranklin 21.017.1 12.7:5.5. stripstears land down for miningold housing purposes and puts APPENDIX C THE LAND AND ME 5.87.45.18.6 13.5 8.04.43.6 OxfordLincolnKnoxKennebecHancock BeforeQ. 14 9.7 Cluster Housing has: After12.4 Up newmultiple buildings responses PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS 29.6 21.8 Penobscot 27.6%14.0 21.521.5% lowhigh impact impact on on the the environment environment SectionAfterPart I: the Answers A: Programs Audience to Selected Characteristics Questions Before and 2 EVALUATION 9.36.61.61.2 3.35.12.92.2 WaldoWashingtonSomersetSagadahoc 10.144.7 2.7 39.317.1 0.7 multiplenohouses value closeresponses to the together realtor 34.2Before16.310.1%Age 1 After 2.5%9.15.8 181312 toor 2417less 88.7%BeforeHome Ownership3.9 After78.9% 4.4 OwnYork Home 40.1%BeforeQ. 15 Zoning3.1 is approved by: 40.0%After 2.5 theyour town local manager planning board 10.114.410.9 3.9 11.620.730.919.3 65513425 toor 643350over BeforeOwn10.9 Land Other0.4 Than Home After20.4 0.7 NoDo Response Not Own Home Q.40.5 11.316 A land 5.1inventory is: 45.810.2 1.5 multiplethe citizensFederal responses ofGovernment the town 42.857.2%BeforeSex Aster30.969.1% Male Female 40.556.4% 3.1 46.952.0% 1.1 NoDoOwn ResponseNot Land Own Land 63.4Before19.811.3% 76.4After 9.55.8% a listdescriptioncharacteristicsa list of landof State for of saleallowned of the the physicalland land 65.434.6%BeforeMarital Status 26.973.1%After SingleMarried SectionQ. 11 B: Audience Knowledge About Land Use The Land Use Regulation Commission is: BeforeQ. 17 4.7%5.4 All land taxes in Maine are:After 8.41.1% themultiple same responses BeloreHighest Grade Completed1.67.8% Alter 1.10.0% 65 60 11.7%Before713.2 80 After0 2.55.5% a statefederalcitizens agency agencygroup 54.523.012.8 54.227.3 7.6 isdifferentset used by the according State tax toassessor how land 2.34.33.17.8 2.50.72.21.1 10 987 BeforeQ. 10.512 A land 3.9trusts purpose is to: After 7.34.7 multipleyour local responses planning board Q. Before18 5.1 Inflation tends to drive the priceAfter of land:9.8 multiple responses 31.524.1 9.77.4 64.014.2 9.13.3 CollegeAttendedHigh11 SchoolGrad College Grad 28.045.1 9.77.4% 24.054.2 3.32.9% actdevelopmakedevelop as a citizensland land foravailable for environmentalpoor a profit people to many people 90.7% 3.91.6 96.0% 0.71.81.5 multiplenotdownup affect responses land prices BeforeCounty Live4.33.5% In After 5.15.1% Androscoggin BeforeQ. 13 The 9.7strip developer usually: After15.6 multiplegroup responses 2 N1 -N 275 - 257 Aroostook 52.1% 69.5% subdivides property into lots and sells Q. Section19 C: Audience Attitudes Toward Land Use Out of Staters coming to Maine to buy land: 22.6%BeforeQ. 24 The State of Maine should: After16.7% be preserved as it is 30.5%Q. 3 5.8 Did you view the program with other people?Yes.Yes, viewed it with friendsfamily 21.8Before 5 8 After20.0 0 7 statehavehave no aeffect positive on land effect use because in the they 49.417.5 6.2 19.356.0 2.2 beindustry noneconverteddeveloped ofand the recreation to moreabove a national for clean park 31.621.110.9 NoNo,Yes, response viewed viewed it it alone in school 66.5 5.9 66.213.1 a negativemultiplethepay pricetaxes responseseffect of land because up they drive 15.6%BeforeO. 25 The 4.3State spends: After 8.4%5.8 toomultiple many responses tax dollars in land use 16.753.1%Q. 4 withDid anyone you discuss after you "The had Land watched and Me" them? programsNoYes 76.7BeforeQ. 20 3.1% Citizens: 88.0After 1.5% canhave work no effect through on howlocal land government is used 66.9 8.9 63.612.7 justplanningnot enoughthe right tax amount dollars of in money land use in 31.3%30.234.3Q. 5 Did you vote at the end of the programs? NoYes response 17.5 2.8 5.15.5 multiplelandcanto influence only responses control !and land use usepolicy by owning Q. 26 8.6 In 1984 your community will change15.3 because: multipleland use responses planning 11NumberQ.29.5 5A If you answered NO, why didn'tNo response you vote? 23.7%BeforeQ. 21 Recreational use of land is:24.0%After good for people of Maine because it brings income to the State 22.233.5%Before 8.6 38.9%After10.5 8.0 today'scitizensof the economic childrenhave planned arefactors environmentally for nationwide change 88 NoDidn't point wantsee in itend itto of program 66.1 2.77.4 66.2 2.21.8 isbecause goodbadmultiple for on it the adrivesresponses limited people prices basis of Maineup 24.9Part10.9 II: Respondent's Evaluation of "Land and Me" 21.820.7 multiplethingsconscious just response change 68.722.5Q. 5B 8.7% If you answered YES wasNoYes votingNo response difficult? BeforeQ. 22 9.7% Industrial use of land shouldAfter be:16.7% encouraged Q.Programs 1 2.28.4% How did you learn about "The Land and Me?"Newspaper adsstories Q. 11Number5B difficult?If you answered YES, why wasNo pointthe voting in it 15.646.714.4 5.8 45.1 9.81.57.6 determinedcontrolleddiscouragedindustry by providesby Stateindustry how many jobs the 24.0 3.33.35.8 OrganizationMPBNTVRadio Guide promotion promotion 8 Lines busy. 42.0%BeforeO. 23 Land use7.8 policy should be determined by: After19.3 themultiple State responses Q.23.325.1 2 Where4.7 did you view The Land and Me" programs NoMultipleNewsletter response sources 39.7 8.92.37.0 24.033.837.8% 1.82.5 multiplecitizens'privatethe Federal business responsesgroup Government 30.911.356.0% 1.8 At Noschoolhomework response Q. 6 Did the programs hold your interest (rate each program) Program I-WhoII-Planning should for buy the thefuture land Interesting 22 13.52';',Very Interesting 13.812.0% Neutral 10.5 9.1% Uninteresting 4.04.4% Uninteresting 3.62.9%Very Response 54.549.5% No DiscussionProgram V-TheIV-TheIII-Government land land in in 19841984 process & & PanelPanel (LURC) 10.9 9.18.4 10.211.612.7 10.9 7.65.8 4.05.1 2.52.93.6 64.758.566.2 40.746.2%Q. 13.17 Did the programs seem real to you? NoYes response Q. 10 1.81.14.4% In general. the programs: increasedentertainedmade me aware my me understanding of land use programs of government 35.647.3Q. 17.1%8 Did you play the "Eco-Acres game? NoYes response 8.41.51.8 madeprocess me awarethink about of economicenvironmental local land needs use problems problems Q. 11.3%9 How many programs did you watch? 1 40.440.7Q. 11 Do you watch MPBN regularly?Nomultiple response responses 38.521.5 9.59.8 5432 21.533.1%13.114.2 almostseveralaboutonce in once everytimesa while a dayweeka week No Response Q.1218.2 0.40.4% What channel do you watch MPBNNo on? response32 29.541.8 0.41.8 131210 8 Q. 13 What were the most and least interesting parts of the series for you? Interesting Very Interesting 25.5 Neutral No response Uninteresting Uninteresting Very Response No ABLEA TheMORE ViewerVotingFive"Eco-Acres. AS telecasts ProcessDETAILEDGuideA SEPARATE Game & Reports PRESENTATION REPORT. OF THE DATA OBTAINED IS AVAIL- 10.915.6% 4.45.8 13.1% 7.69.15.5 9.58.75.58.0% 3.64.72.93.3% 6.23.3%5.8 69.165.556.7% EVALUATION FORM 4,1 Please fill out both sides

The Maine Public Broadcasting Network is constantly striving to bring high quality informational programs to the citizens of Maine. You can help us determine the effectiveness of some of our programming by filling out this questionnaire and returning it immediately in the enclosed postage free envelope. Thank you in advance for your cooperation. 1. What is your age? 2. What sex are you? 3. What is your marital status? 4. How many individuals ) 12 or less ( ) Male ( ) Married are here in your )13 to 17 ( ) Female ( ) Single household? )18 to24 5. What town do you ) 25 to 33 live in? ) 34 to 50 6. What is your ) 51 to 64 occupation? ) 65 or over 7. What is the highest grade of school which you have completed? (Circle highest grade completed) K 1 23 4 5 67 8 91011 High School Attended College Graduate College Graduate 8. What county do you live in? ) Androscoggin ( ) Hancock ( ) Oxford ( ) Somerset ) Aroostook ( ) Kennebec ( ) Penobscot ( ) Waldo ) Cumberland ( ) Knox ( ) Piscataquis( ) Washington ) Franklin ( ) Lincoln ( ) Sagadahoc ( ) York

9. Do you own your home? 19. Out of Staters coming to Maine to buy land: ) Own home or live with parents who own ( ) have no effect on land use in the state home? ( ) have a positive effect because they pay ) Do not own home or live with parents who taxes do not own home ( ) a negative effect because they drive the 10. Do you own land in Maine other than your price of land up home? ( ) Own land or live with parents who own land ( ) Do not own land or live with parents who do 20. Citizens: not own land in Maine ( ) have no effect on how land is used ) can work through local government to 11. The Land Use Regulation Commission is: ( influence land use policy ( ) a citizens group ( ) can only control lancruse by owning land ( ) a federal agency 21. Recreational use of land is: ( ) a state agency ( ) good for people of Maine because it brings ( ) your local planning board income to the state 12. A land trusts' purpose is to: ( ) is bad for the people of Maine because ( ) develop land for a profit it drives prices up ( ) develop land for poor people ( ) is good on a limited basis ( ) make land available to many people 22. Industrial use of land should be: ( ) act as a citizens environmental group ( )encouraged 13. The Strip developer usually: ( ) discouraged ( ) subdivides property into lots & sells ( ) controlled by industry ) strips land for mining purposes ( ( ) controlled by the state ! tears down old housing and puts up new ( ( ) determined by how many jobs the industry buildings provides 14. Cluster Housing has: 23. Land use policy should be determined by: ( ) high impact on the environment ( ) the state ( ) low impact on the environment ( ) the federal government ( ) houses close together ( ) private business ( ) no value to the realtor ( ) citizens' group 15. Zoning is approved by: 24. The State of Maine should: ( ) your local planning board ( ) be preserved as it is ( ) the town manager ( ) be developed more for clean industry ( ) the citizens of the town and recreation ( ) the Federal Government ( ) be converted to a national park 16. A land inventory is: ( ) none of the above ( ) a list of land for sale 25. The State spends: ( ) a list of State owned land ( ) too many tax dollars in land use planning ( ) description of all the physical ( ) not enough tax dollars in land use planning characteristics of the land ( ) just the right amount of money in land 17. All land taxes in Maine are: use planning ( ) the same 26. In 1984 your community will change because: ( )different ( ) of the economic factors nationwide ( ) set by the State tax assessor ( ) citizens have planned for change ( ) different according to how land is used ( ) todays children are environmentally 18. Inflation tends to drive the price of land: conscious ( ) up ( ) things just change ( )down () not affect land prices EVALUATION

1. How did you learn about "The Land and Me?" 2. Where did you view "The Land and Me." pro- Newspaper Stories TV Guide grams? Newspaper Ads MPBN Promotion At home Radio Promotion Organization At school Newsletter At work

3. Did you view the program with other people? 4. Did you discuss "The Land and Me." pro- _Yes, viewed it with family grams with anyone after you had watched Yes, viewed it with friends them? Yes, viewed it in school __YES NO No, viewed it alone

5. Did you vote at the end of the programs? YES NO A If you answered NO, why didn't you vote?

B. If you answered YES, was voting difficult? _ YES _ NO If you answered YES, why was the voting difficult?

6. Did the programs hold your interest? (rate each program)

Very interesting Not Interesting

Program I - Who should buy the land 1 2 3 4 5 Program II - Planning for the future 1 2 3 4 5 Program III - Government process (LURC) 1 2 3 4 5 Program IV - The land in 1984 & Panel discuss. 1 2 3 4 5 Program V - The land in 1984 & Panel discuss. 1 2 3 4 5

7. Did the programs seem real to you?' YES NO

8. Did you play the "Eco-Acres" game? YES NO

9. How many programs did you watch? 1 2 3 4 5

10. In general, the programs: (check where appropriate) ( ) made me aware of land use programs ( ) entertained me ( ) increased my understanding of government process ( ) made me aware of environmental problems ( ) made me aware of economic needs ( )made me think about local land use problems ( ) other (please specify)

11. Do you watch MPBN regularly? ( ) once in a while ( ) about once a week ( ) several times a week ( ) almost every day

12. What channel do you watch MPBN on'?

13. What were the most and least interesting parts of theseries for you? Veryinteresting Not interesting The Five Telecasts 1 2 3 4 5 The "Eco-Acres" Game 1 2 3 4 5 The Voting Process & Reports 1 2 3 4 5 The Viewer Guide 1 2 3 4 5

14. Do you have any comments on how the program, "The Land and Me." might have been improved? The Maine Public Broadcasting Network is constantly striving to bring high quality informational programs to the citizens of Maine. You can help us determine the effectiveness of some of our programming by filling out this questionnaire and returning it immediately in the enclosed postage free envelope. Thank you in advance for your cooperation. 1. What is your age? 2. What sex are you? 3. What is your marital status? 4. How many individuals ) 12 or less () Male ( ) Married are here in your )13 to 17 () Female ( ) Single household? )18 to 24 5. What town do you )25 to 33 live in? ) 34 to 50 6. What is your )51 to 64 occupation? ) 65 or over 7. What is the highest grade of school which you have completed? (Circle highest grade completed) K 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 High School Attended College Graduate College Graduate 8. What cOunty.do you live in? () Androscoggin ( ) Hancock ) Oxford ( ) Somerset () Aroostook ( ) Kennebec ) Penobscot() Waldo () Cumberland () Knox ) Piscataquis(j Washington () Franklin ( ) Lincoln )Sagadahoc() York

9. Do you own your home? 19. Out of Staters coming to Maine to buy land: () Own home or live with parents who own ( ) have no effect on land use in the state home? ( ) have a positive effect because they pay ( ) Do not own home or live with parents who taxes do not own home () a negative effect because they drive the 10. Do you own land in Maine other than your price of land up home? ( ) Own land or live with parents who own land ( ) Qo not own land or live with parents who 20. Citizens: own land in Maine () have no effect on how land is used 11. The Land Use Regulation Commission is: ( ) can work through local government to ( ) a citizens group influence land use policy ( ) can only control landlise by owning land ( ) a federal agency 21. Recreational use of land is: ( ) a state agency ( ) good for people of Maine because it brings ( ) your local planning board income to the state 12.,A land trusts' purpose is to: ( ) is bad for the people of Maine because ( ) develop land for a profit it drives prices up ( ) develop land for poor people ( ) is good on a limited basis ( ) make land available to many people 22. Industrial use of land should be: () act as a citizens environmental group ( )encouraged 13. The Strip developer usually: ( )discodraged ( ) subdivides property into lots & sells ( ) controlled by industry ( ) strips land for mining purposes ()'controlled by the state ( ) tears down old housing and puts up new () determined by how many jobs the industry builuings provides 14. Cluster Housing has: 23. Land use policy should be determined by: () high impact on the environment () the state () low impact on the environment ( ) the federal government () houses close together ( ) private business ( ) no value to the realtor ( ) citizens' group 15. Zoning is approved by: 24. The State of Maine should: () your local planning board ( ) be preserved as it is () the town manager ( ) be developed more for clean industry () the citizens of the town and recreation () the Federal Government ( ) be converted to a national park 16. A land inventory is: ( ) none of the above () a list of land for sale 25. The State spends: () a list of State owned land ( ) too many tax dollars in land use planning () description of all the physical ( ) not enough tax dollars in land use planning characteristics of the land ( )just the right amount of money in land 17. All land taxes in Maine are: use planning ( ) the same 26. In 1984 your community will change because: ()different () of the economic lactorenationwide () set by the State tax assessor ()citizens have planned for change ( ) different according to how land is used ()todays children are environmentally 18. Inflation tends to drive the price of land: conscious ( ) up ( ) things just change ( )down () not affect sand prices MAINE LAND LAWS

Changing the use of land is no longer as free as it fully analyze every and any change that a proposed was in the past. Some land uses have had such serious land use will have on a piece of land and its surround- consequences that we have been forced to regulate ings. It is usually helpful to take a systems approach land development to minimize environmental damage. to this. Draw a circle around the property and look The new rules are not complex or overly technical. at everything that moves onto the property in the course of land use change. These will be the inputs. Landguard Trust, a non-profit corporation engaged Do the same thing for things that move out of the in land use planning, has prepared this listing so that property. These will be outputs. Calculate the effects the layman (non-lawyer) would better understand of these inputs and outputs on the surrounding land the Maine laws most important to development and and land uses. Compare these effects to the list of environmental protection. This list is not complete. laws that follow. Use these same inputs and outputs There may be other rules or laws which affect more to determine changes within the property. For exam- specialized specific land uses. Nor is it a restatement ple if wood is coming out then trees must be cut. of the law. It is merely a synopsis o: Maine environ- Isolate small portions of the property and note the mental laws. Professional advice and the assistance of inputs and outputs to that portion. Then compare the administering agency should generally be sought those inputs and outputs to the list of laws that before application to a specific land use. follow. We have listed rules which protect the environment It is most important to look for from damaging land use. These rules come from more 1) Changes which affect land ownership, such as than one source. The most important rules are legisla- subdivision, leasing, easements. tive enactments or statutes. But other rules come from 2) Change which affects the present state of the State Constitution, the Federal Constitution, vegetation, soil, air, or water, such as tree cutting, Federal Law and the rules of government 'agencies excavating or altering stream courses. adopted under statutory guidelines. One other source 3) Change which adds things and new uses to the is the decisions of the courts. This list focuses on land, such as new structures, new fumes, new septic legislative rules which we call environmental laws. waste. Use of such a list implies that proposed land use 4) changes which have new impact on nearby natural changes be first described. Many people routinely omit areas, nearby structures, or nearby uses such as noise important changes in land use that can affect the en- affecting camping areas, increased traffic affecting vironment. We suggest that the user of this list care- residential areas, or adverse impact on historic areas.

LANDGUARD TRUST, INC.

A nonprofit Maine corporation encouraging sound land use in MaineL. M. C. Smith, Freeport, chairmanJohn McKee, Brunswick, vice chairmanMrs. Robert L. Dow, Augusta Alexander B. Adams, SorrentoDr. Joseph L. Fisher, Cherry- field Robert W. Patterson, Mt. Desert Edward T. Richardson, Jr., Portland Clinton B. Townsend, Skowhegan

Compiled by Richard L. Robbins, former Executive Director of, and now consultant to, Languard Trust and Senior Staff Member American Society of Planning Officials, Chicago, Illinois. Additional copies are available from Natural Resources Council, 20 Willow Street, Augusta, Maine 04330. 10 copies $1; 100 copies $7; 500 copies $30. Copyright 1973 / Landguard Trust Note: The NRC has had Maine Land Laws revised and republished in August 1973. I. Zoning and Land Use Control in the Unorganized The Fish and Game wardens will assist in enforcing Territory the law. Administered by: Maine Land Regulation Commis- The Board may classify the great ponds as to trophic sion (LURC) conditions and establish guidelines for sewerage disposal Statute: 12 M.R.S.A. 681.689 (See Commission Rules and other waste control systems to prevent environmental and Regulations) damage. Also the Commissioner may appoint voluntary Detailed rules and regulation control development in water quality monitors to take water samples. areas without municipal government. The Commission may regulate all development including: "any land use activity or activities directed III. Waterways Protection toward using, reusing or rehabilitating air Administered by: Commissioner of Inland Fish and Game space, land, water or other natural Statute: 12 M.R.S.A. 2203, 2205 resources." No dam may be built in any waterway without first LURC will map out specific areas called Land Use giving notice to the Commissioner. A permit is required Guidance Districts. Only harmonious land uses will to bulldoze, fill or dredge between the banks of any be permitted in those areas. Four major Districts waterway capable of floating watercraft. No permit will be mapped. They include protection districts is needed for private crossings and dams altering less "where development would jeopardize significant than 100 feet of shore or for certain other uses. natural, recreational and historic resources"; manage- ment districts including "those lands which are current- ly being utilized for commercial forest product or IV. Wetlands Control agricultural uses"; holding districts for future use; and Administered by: Board of Environmental Protection development districts for residential, recreational, (Department of Environmental Protection) and commercial or industrial use. Various subdistricts Municipality may also be created. Statute: 12 M.R.S.A. 4701-4709; 12 M.R.S.A. Detailed rules called Land Use Guidance Standards 4751-4758 control the specific uses permitted in each district. No owner may fill, dredge, or alter any coastal Existing uses may also be regulated. wetland or drain or deposit sanitary sewage into or A Commission permit is needed for any new struc- on any coastal wetland without a permit from the ture, or development in most Districts. Subdivision Board and approval of the municipality. of land requires Co Timission approval. In management Coastal wetlands include "any swamp, marsh, bog districts there is no control of commercial forest beach, flat or other contiguous lowland above extreme product uses or agricultural uses. low water which is subject to tidal action or normal By January, 1975 the Commission must complete a storm flowage at any time excepting periods of maxi- Comprehensive Land Use Guidance Plan, locate tem- mum storm activity." Owners are held responsible porary Land Use Guidance Districts and adopt Interim for any illegal activities on their land. Land Use Guidance Standards. The Maine courts have held that owners must be compensated for any restrictions imposed for the purpose of "preservation" but not those aimed at preventing pollution or protecting public health. II. Great Ponds Protection In 1971 the Legislature responded to this decision Administered by: Board of Environmental Protection with a second Wetlands law. The Board is to set (Department of Environmental Protection) rules regulating wetlands alteration. Owners could Statute: 38 M.R.S.A. 380 - 385, 424 appeal from the rules if the order deprived the owner of the reasonable use of the property or constituted A permit is required "for construction and mainten- the equivalent of a "taking without compensation." ance of causeways, bridges, marinas, wharves and per- If the court found such a "deprivation" or "taking" manent structures, or deposit of fill in, on, over or and if specific health and environmental dangers were abutting on great ponds or for dredging in great ponds." shown to exist the Board could negotiate for purchase All inland waters in excess of ten acres and artificial or condemn the land by paying a just price. water bodies of more than thirty acres where the shore is owned by more than one person are considered great ponds. V. Oil Discharge Prevention The Board of Environmental Protection must grant Administered by: Board of Environmental Protection a permit if the applicant shows that the proposed (DEP) activity: a. will not unreasonably interfere with existing Statute: 38 M.R.S.A. 541.557 The discharge of oil petroleum products or their recreational, navigational, scenic and aesthetic uses; by-products is prohibited b. nor otherwise unreasonably interfere with or harm a. into or upon any coastal waters, estuaries, tidal the natural environs of the great pond or tributary, river flats, beaches and lands adjoining the seacoast of the or stream; state, c. nor cause unreasonable soil erosion; b. or into any river, stream, sewer, surface water d. nor unreasonably interfere with the natural flow drain, of any waters; c. or other waters that drain into the coastal waters. e. nor create or cause to be created unreasonable noise Board rules prescribe reporting procedures for oil or traffic of any nature; discharges, operating methods, and inspection require- f. nor unreasonably harm any fish or wildlife habitat; ments for oil facilities. Licensing requirements extend g. nor lower the quality of any waters. to every oil facility transferring processing or storing oil except those storing no more than five hundred begins. Prior approval is also required precedent to sales of subdivided land. A subdivision is defined as: barrels or not transferring oil to or from the tidal "the division of a parcel of land into 5 or more waters. Small marinas selling directly to the consumer . Lots any one of which is less than 10 acres in are exempted from licensing requirements. size if said lots make up an aggregate hind area All oil &charge into or draining into coastal of more than 20 acres and are to be offered waters Is prohibited. Persons responsible for illegal for sale or lease to the general public during discharges must Immediately undertake cleanup. any 5 year period." The Board may also order cleanup. Licensees are The Board must be notified before development liable for all costa. begins. Within thirty days of notification. the Board A coastal protection fund supported by a fee of must approve or disapprove the development or sche. one-half cent per barrel transferred pays the costs dule a hearing. The developer may request a hearing of Board-ordered cleanup and supports research and after decision. development into discharge prevention and cleanup A development or subdivision will be approved methods. when It meets the following criteria: The Maine Supreme Judicial Court has upheld the 1. The developer has financial capacity and technical statute establishing the coastal protection fund. ability to meet state air and water pollution control standards and has made adequate provision for solid waste disposal and control of offensive VI. Protection and Improvement of Water odors, and the securing and maintenance of Administered by: Board of Environmental Protection sufficient and healthful water supplies. (DEP) 2. The developer has made adequate provision Statute: 38 M.R.S.A. 361 - 454 for traffic movement of all types out of or into Surface waters, tidal waters, and coastal streams are the development area. classified for permitted pollutant content and suitability 3. 'The developer has made adequate provision for various uses. All discharges must be licensed and for fitting the development harmoniously into must be given the best practicable treatment. Applica- the existing natural environment and the develop. tions for licenses must be made by December 31, 1973. ment will not adversely affect existing uses, They are granted for not less than three years nor more scenic character, or natural resources. than five; and they may be revoked, suspended, or The statute is currently under court review. modified if there is a violation or changed conditions requiring reduction or elimination of the licensed discharge. When ownership is transferred any discharge VIII. Mining and Rehabilitation of Land license becomes void and a new one must be secured. Administered by Board of Environmental.hotection The Board may classify all waters, require the use of (DEP) monitoring devices and inspection where appropriate, Statute: 10 M.R.S.A. 2201.2215 and collect fees to help defray the expenses of data col- Mining is prohibited without Board approval of a lection and distribution. It will issue licenses only if mining plan. Mining is broadly defined and includes it finds the discharge will not lower the quality of the both breaking the soil to remove solid' matter and water, unless such, lowering is judged the result of treatment of that solid matter. Mere exploration, necessary economic development. Private rights against sand and gravel operations or removal of not more a licensed discharge are limited. than 1,000 cubic yards in a calendar, year are exem- Refuse may not be deposited on the banks of water- pted. ways. Mercury, radiological, chemical or biological war- The mining plan must describe the physical char- fare agents, and other substances classified as toxic acteristics of the mining operation, and include a plan may not be discharged into the water. High phosphate and time schedule for reclamation of affected land. detergents are banned. By December 31, 1973 every solid waste disposal area must be at least three hundred IX. Outdoor Advertising feet from any classified body of water. Administered by: Department' of Transportation Inland waters, including waters under the jurisdic- Statute: 32 M.R.S.A. 2711-2723 tion of the International Joint Commission of the U.S. Detailed regulationcontrol, the number, location and Canada may not be used for transport, storage or size and height pittAtOtOltititid off-premise signs. curing of lumber without a license after October 1, 1976. On premise signs must ie within 1,000 feet of the building in which the advertised use is housed but not within 33 feet of the centerline of road right-of-ways VII. Site Location of Development less than 66 feet nor within 20 feet of the paved por- Administered by: Board of Environmental Protection tion of roads of more than two travel lanes and pave- (DEP) ment exceeding 24 feet. Permits arc required for all off- Statute: 38 M.R.S.A. 481.488 premise signs. All development including subdivision of land must Flashing and moving signs are prohibited. No be approved by the Board when the development: signs may be placed on trees, rocks or other natural a. otherwise requires a license from the Board (such features. as for waste discharge, waterway use, air pollution); b. or, occupies a land or water area in excess of Special regulations apply to signs near parks, schools twenty acres; and churches and in commercial and industrial areas. c. or, contemplates removal of natural resources; Furthermore, no advertisements may be erected that d. or, occupies a structure of over 60,000 square can be seen from the ramps, interchanges, or any por- feet floor area. tion of the roadway on the Interstate System, the pri- Development must be approved before construction mary system, and scenic highways. X. Roadside Forest Practices 4. Will not cause unreasonable soil erosion or re- Administered by: Forest Department duction in the capacity of the land to hold water; Statute: 12 M.R.S.A. 519 5. Will not cause unreasonable highway or public Clearcutting is prohibited as a woods harvesting road congestion or unsafe conditions; practice within one hundred feet of the right-of-way 6. Will provide for adequate solid and sewage waste of a numbered highway. Clearcutting is permitted, disposal; however, on agricultural lands, lands under develop- 7. Will not have undurt adverse effect on the scenic ment, for access roads, for removal of dead or dying or natural beauty of the area, aesthetics, historic trees, for beautification or improvement and when sites or rare and irreplaceable natural areas; the Forestry Department so recommends. 8. Is in conformance with a local subdivision or- dinance, and comprehensive plan, If any; 9.. Is being developed by a subdivider who has adequate financial and technical capacity to meet the Xi. Protection and Improvement of Air above standards; Administered by: Board of Environmental Protection 10. If situated within 250 feet of any pond, lake, (DEP) river, or tidal 'waters will not adversely affect the Statute: 38 M.R.S.A. 361, 581 - 605 quality of the water or unreasonably affect the Air quality regions have been established and the shoreline. Legislature has enacted ambient air quality and emis- Sale of two lots from a larger plot comes within sion standards for the five regions. The standards re- the statute. Plots of unapproved subdivisions may gulate visible emissions, particulate emissions, and not be recorded; public utilities may not service any sulfur dioxide emissions. All new sources of air pollu- unapproved subdivision; nor may any land be sold tion must make use of the "best practicable treatment" or developed. available for controlling emissions. Open burning is prohibited after July 1, 1975. Licenses may be re- quired of all emission sources, and in the event of an XIII. Comprehensive Planning and Zoning, Mandatory emergency the Board may order immediate reduc- Shoreland Zoning tion or discontinuance of any emission. No one may Administered by: Local Planning Board. (Supervised by discharge air contaminants in such a way as to violate Department of Environmental Protection, Maine Land air quality standards without obtaining a variance. Use Regulation Commission, State Planning Office.) Variances are available where there is no danger to Statute: 30 M.R.S.A. 4961 -4962 human health and safety and where serious hardship is 12 M.R.S.A. 4811.4814 shown. Local zoning laws must be pursuant to and con- The Board may require registration of air contamina- sistent with a comprehensive plan. The plan is tion sources and may set up systems of monitoring and loosely defined. It is a process as well as a document. reporting. It may include policy statements, standards, maps or data. Zoning may follow strictly municipal guidelines. Zoning maps must be adopted as part of the zoning XII. Subdivision of Land ordinance. Public utilities may be exempted from re- Administered by: Local planning board or municipal gulation but only by petition to the Public Utilities reviewing author ./ (Supervised by Board of Environ- Commission. Zoning is merely advisory with respect mental Protection (DEP), Attorney General.) to the state. Statute: 12 M.R.S.A. 4801 - 4806. Any landowner or developer who petitions for In areas not served by public or private community rezoning must accompany that petition by a per- sewers after January 1, 1972, 20,000 square feet is the formance bond of twenty-five per cent of the minimum lot size and 100 foot frontage is required estimated development cost. This bond is payable if the lot abuts a private road, lake, pond, river, stream to the municipality it construction is not commenced or seashore. Undersized lots may be developed if the within one year of the rezoning date. Board finds soils and sewage disposal methods satisfac- Prior to July 1974 municipalities must adopt tory. Minimum road frontage may also be waived. subdivision and zoning controls for areas within 250 Multiple housing or other intensive land use must have feet of any navigable waters. The Maine Land Use Re- proportionately larger lots. gulation Commission and the DEP will adopt ordi- A subdivision is the division of a parcel of land into nances for towns that fail to regulate those areas, 3 or more lots within any 5 year period, whether accom- according to the minimum guidelines established by plished by sale, lease, development, building or otherwise, LURC and DEP. except where accomplished by inheritances. Th'se sub- divisions must be approved by the local planning board or municipal reviewing authority as to conformity with the following criteria: XIV. Sanitary Regulations The proposed subdivision: Administered by: Department of Health & Welfare 1. Will not result in undue water or air pollution; Local Plumbing inspector 2. Has sufficient water available; Statute: 22 M.R.S.A. 1 3. Will not cause an unreasonable burden on an 32 M.R.S.A. 3351, State Plumbing Code existing water supply if one is to be utilized; (Esp. Article ii) The State Plumbing Code prescribes rules for water In some situations where damages are unique to supply location plumbing work. percolation tests and an individual, private action may be taken in the courts methods of storm water disposal. based on the public nuisance created. Public sewage systems must be used if available. Ac- Private nuisances are entirely different. Individuals ceptable private sewage disposal methods include septic may bring suit for harm that unreasonably interferes tanks and subsurface absorption trenches, disposal fields with the use and enjoyment of property. This may or any other treatment works considered acceptable Include excessive noise, odor, pollution or use of dan- by the Department. gerous substances. Courts consider the practical possi- If daily flow of sewage exceeds 2000 gallons a pro- bility of reducing the harm, the nature of the neighbor. fessional engineer must submit a detailed plan for Depart- hood and the benefit to the community from continued ment approval. Where daily flowage is less a septic tank injurious activity. Damages may be awarded to persons must be located no closer than ten feet from the property complaining or the activity may be halted. line, eight feet from buildings. 100 feet from high water mark, 60 feet from tidal waters. and 100 feet from well. XVII. Control of Pesticide Use Similar guidelines are set for disposal trenches. Administered by: Board of Pesticide Control No disposal fields are permitted where the maximum Statute: 22 M.R.S.A. 1451 - 1465 ground water is less than two feet from the trench bot- A Board of Pesticide Control regulates application tom; or slope is greater than There are further of herbicides, insecticides, fungicides and other pesti- requirements for disposal in man-made areas. cides. The Board may control locations of application, Every municipality must appoint one or more certi- chemical composition, purposes of application and fied plumbing inspectors, certified by the Commissioner sale. Applications within buildings, those within trans- of Health and Welfare and under the jurisdiction of the portation devices and some Forestry Department municipal officers, not the local health officer. The uses are exempted. inspectors are responsible for granting permits, collecting The Board may exempt casual agricultural uses fees, inspecting all plumbing for which permits were and arborist uses. A permit is necessary to apply the granted, and keeping accurate records of their activities. chemicals "to or in any river or stream or tributary thereof, or any great pond."

XV. Junkyards XVIII. Conservation Restrictions Administered by: Court System Administered by: Municipal Officers, County Commis- sioners, Department of Transportation. Statute: 33 M.R.S.A. 667.668 Landow.:ers may wish to minimize taxes, protect Statute: 30 M.R.S.A. 2451 - 2460 land from unwise development or to preserve a natural No automobile graveyard or junkyard may be operated without a permit from the municipal officers. area. In some situations a deed to a new owner might Automobile graveyards include areas used to store contain a condition that the land be preserved or no commercial development take place. In other situations three or more unserviceable motor vehicles. Yards must the owner himself might donate or sell to another land- be screened if within six hundred feet of minor road- owner or the government all rights he has to develop ways or within one thousand feet of interstate and pri- the land or alter the natural conditions. The land- mary highways. No yard is permitted within three owner's objectives might be mere preservation, pro- hundred feet and ordinary view of any public park, tection of remaining land that he owns or a property playground, public bathing beach, school, church or tax saving that accrues when the "highest and best use" cemetery, and no auto junkyard may be placed within is no longer intensive development. 100 feet of any highway. These agreements may be called conservation re- Permit fees are $50 for yards more than 100 feet from any highway and $200 if within 100 feet of a strictions, conservation easements, easements or con- ditions. Where landowners deed the right to develop highway. the land they are called "development rights." Courts Department of Transportation rules further govern have not always readily enforced these agreements location and screening. Where screening could be in- against subsequent owners of the land burdened by adequate or not economically feasible the Department may acquire the yard by gift, purchase or condemnation. the agreement. They have sometimes required that Application for a permit is made to the municipal the original landowner own land in the vicinity or that the agreement relate to some special interest in land. officers and the Department of Transportation. This statute removes some of these overly strict and often illogical barriers to enforcement of the agree- ments but only if the recipient or holder of the agree- XVI. Control of Nuisances ment is the government. It does not apply to individuals Administered by: Municipal Officers, Attorney General or even conservation organizations, whose rights still Statute: 17 M.R.S.A. 2701 depend upon the vagaries of the common law. There are two kinds of nuisances. A public nuisance According to the Natural Resources Council the is a crime and punished as are other criminal activities. following agencies of government may receive conser- A public nuisance is any use for trade, employment or vation easements: manufacture which by odor or other annoyances be- 1. Municipal Government comes injurious to the health, comfort, or property of 2. Soil and Water Conservation Districts individuals or the public, causing any unpleasant sub- 3. Maine Soil and Water Conservation Commission , stance to collect to the injury of others, or corrupting 4. Maine State Park and Recreation Commission or rendering unwholesome or impure the water of a 5. Maine Historic Preservation Commission river, stream or pond. The municipal officers, the 6. Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Game county attorney or the Attorney General bring criminal 7. Maine Forestry Department charges against persons committing public nuisances. 8. Maine Department of Transportation drawn from the assessment procedure a penalty is 9. National Sport Fisheries and Wildlife Service assessed for the five previous years. The assessor either 10. Acadia National Park subtracts the taxes paid from tile taxes that would be 11. White Mountain National Forest due on a valuation at "fair market value" at, the time Private organizations interested in receiving conserva- of withdrawal plus legal interest or a percentage of the tion easements include the Maine Audubon Society, difference between the -fair market value" and the Portland and the Nature Conservancy, Manchester, valuation as forest land whichever of the two methods Maine 04351. Other private groups that can assist include the Natural Resources Council, Augusta, and produces the higher penalty. the Maine Coast Heritage Trust, Bar Harbor. If less than 10 acres of forest land is sold the parcel shall be considered withdraw' from taxation. Larger XIX. Farm and Open Sapce Current Use Tax Law parcels are not affected by sale. Administered by: Local Tax Assessor, State Tax Assessor :n Unorganized Territory, Local Planning Board Muni- XXI. Coastal blinds cipal Officers, or Land Use Regulation Commission Administered by: Forestry Department in Unorganized Territory. Statute: 33 M.R.S.A. 25 Statute:36 M.R.S.A. 585.593 A Coastal Island Registry will be established by the Land area classified as farmland or open space is Forestry Department, in ccordination with the State taxed at current use value rather than value for the Planning Office. Any holder of title to an uninhabited highest and best use. An acre of land fronting on a coastal island must register ownership before December public road might be used for farming and of small 31, 1974. Unregistered islands will become state hold- value to the owner. Under preexisting tax law It might ings after thr.t date. If the owner of an island has less be taxed as a house lot with a value of $500 to $2,000 than four residential structures on the island he must with taxes of $10 to $80 per year. If the land qualified also register; but it there are four or more residences under this law it might be taxed as farmland with value and they are on the tax rolls the owner need not register at perhaps $40 per acre and taxes of only $.80 to $6.40 theisland. per year. Such low taxation might discourage the tax- payer from selling the lot for development and preserve XXII. Recording of Land Use Controls the farm use. Administered by: Municipalities Qualified farmland must be of at least ten contiguous Statute: 33 M.R.S.A. 662-A acres from which farming produces at least $1,000 gross income per year for three of the last five years. Municipalities shall file a certified copy of any ordi- Open space land includes lands where preservation nance relating to land control in the registry of deeds would conserve scenic resources or enhance public in the county or registry district where the municipality recreation opportunities and which are actually used is located. Any amendments shall likewise be filed. for those purposes. Land actually used for game management or wildlife sanctuaries may also qualify. AGENCIES ADMINISTERING THESE LAWS The assessor qualifies farmland. The planning board or LURC must approve the open ATTORNEY GENERAL space designation for compliance with any comprehen- State House / Augusta, Maine 04330 sive plan for the area. Telephone 289-3661 Once approved the assessor determines yearly whether BOARD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION the land use is still consistent with the tax statutes. In Department of Environmental Protection, Education addition he must yearly assess farmland or open space at Bldg. / Augusta, Maine 04330 most intensive use value. If the use of the land is changed Telephone 289-2811 from farmland or open space to more intensive use the BOARD OF PESTICIDES CONTROL tax assessor may collect all back taxes due. He subtracts Vickery-Hill Building / Augusta, Maine 04330 the taxes paid on the farmland or open space value from Telephone 289-2215 the taxes due on a "highest and best use" valuation. The DEPARTMENT OF INLAND FISHERIES AND GAME assessor may reach back ten years for farmland and fif- State Office Building / Augusta, Maine 04330 teen years for open space, collecting interest at eight Telephone 289-3371 percent on the amount due. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE The law also authorizes municipalities to acquire Health and Welfare Building / Augusta, Maine scenic easements or development rights. Telephone 289-2736 XX.Forest Land Taxation DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Administered by: Local Tax Assessor, State Tax State Office Building / Augusta, Maine 04330 Assessor in Unorganized Territory. Telephone 289-2551 Statute: 36 M.R.S.A. 571.594 FORESTRY DEPARTMENT Land areas classified as woodland or forest are taxed State Office Building I Augusta, Maine 04330 on the basis of annual wood production rate multiplied Telephone 289-2791 by the capitalized stumpage value rather than being LAND USE REGULATION COMMISSION taxed on the value for highest and best use. The assess- 35 Capitol Street / Augusta, Maine 04330 or may not value forest land at value for second home use. Telephone 289-2631 Owners of 500 acres or less apply to the assessor for BUREAU OF TAXATION this valuation. Forest land holdings exceeding 500 acres State Office Building / Augusta, Maine 04330 are automatically covered. Schedules of acreage, forest Telephone 289-3851 type and land use must be filed with the assessor. STATE PLANNING OFFICE When land use changes or land is voluntarily with- 189 State Street / Augusta, Maine 04830 Telephone 289-3261 MAINE PUBLIC BROADCASTING NETWORK

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. .$4"' t *A Oft ak, BACKGROUND Hitherto, land use in Maine has been determined by vested private interests without the benefit of statewide planning. Of the approximately 20 million acres which comprise the state, 90% is privately owned, 2% is state owned and 8% is water surface. Almost half of the states land mass is classif- ied as "wildland" and is controlled by 16 corporations and four families. About one-half of the state population lives on the fragile coastline, or, on 11% of the land mass. The population of the state in 1970 was 993,663 and has remained relatively stable for the last decade. This population in- creased fivefold in the recreational summer season 1971, an increase of 125% from 1960. Projections show a visitor '04 population of 20 million in 1980 as opposed to five million in 1971. The heaviest concentration of the itinerant popu- lation is on the southeastern coast, the mid-coast, the west- ern lakes region and Baxter State Park. All but the western lakes region are serviced by an excellent highway system. Currently there are 397,000 housing units in the state with an average of 3.1 persons per unit. The average population density is 10.1 persons per square mile. In 1970 there were 384,000 persons employed in the state, an increase of 36,000 from 1960. Unemployment also in- creased from 27,500 in 1960 to 31,800 in 1971. Average annual income statewide is $6,000.00, with over 76% being derived from five industriespaper, lumber, food, leather and textiles. Increased demand from out-of-state visitors has put real estate at a premium. Inflated property values in turn have raised real estate taxes considerably beyond the necessary increases for services. Drastic property 'tax increases have an adverse effect on ownership in a state where average income is below the national standard. Consequently, Maine INTRODUCTION is very vulnerable at the moment to the well capitalized In the face of the ever increasing environmental complex- developer wishing to make upwards of 15% of his investment ities in the State of Maine, it is apparent that some effort within one year of purchase. must be made to clarify a process which will lead simultan- There are several ways in which the use of land can be con- eously to a healthy environment and a healthy economy. trolled. Foremost on the list is the use of a statute which Maine Public Broadcasting Network's Environmental Project, in some way restricts or proscribes how a piece of land is "The Land and Me." deals with the most fundamental en- to be used. For example, the State Forest Department, under vironmental issue in Maine, the process of land use. M.R.S.A. 519, prohibits clearcutting as a woods harvesting Land use refers, quite simply, to how a particular tract of practice within one hundred feet of the right of way of a land is used or not used at a given time. The specific use of numbered highway. In effect, this statute protects the scenic a tract of land deeply influences the social organism where beauty of highways in addition to leaving root structures the land is located. Conversely the social organism can, to a intact so as to inhibit erosion. There are many laws like this degree, influence how the land is to be used. The process of one designed to protect the environment. (See Appendix A: land use is then a. dynamic one involving a by-play of many Land Laws) private and public agencies. The land use problem in Maine A second method of controlling the use of land is through seems particularly appropriate and timely due to pending ownership. In the unorganized portion of the state, for legislation and also to Maine's indigenous land character example, large timber companies own entire townships which is in sharp contrast to the sprawling BosWash in- (23,000 acres). As long as they stay within the state and dustrial corridor. Itis important to remember here that federal laws, the timber companies can dictate how their Maine did not participate fully in two significant events in land is to be used. In most cases, the timberlands are used the formation of the American character: the industrial solely for timber production with occasional use for recre- revolution and the great depression. This makes the basic ation. character of the Mainer somewhat different from the ac- A third way land use can be controlled is through an cepted norm of the BosWash corridor. The atypical nature organization of people in a community. A lake association, of the Maine character increases the attractiveness of the for example, may restrict the use of motorboats on their state to outsiders while making economic life intrastate more lake, or they may act as a body to have a highway moved. difficult. This lack of equilibrium produces such questions as: "Will the State of Maine be doomed to serve as a giant recreational park serving the needs of the densely populated BosWash corridor?" Or, "Will the rich coastal tidelands and dense forests simply be absorbed willy-nilly into the industrial process of megalopolis?" Or, are there other viable alter- natives, and if so what are they? Who will decide the future of Maine's land mass and indigenous characterecologists? 1. "Land Use: Maine at the Crossroads," Facts & Issues, industry? government? the private citizen? League of Women Voters, Oct., 1972.

1 WHATEVER THE METHOD OF CONTROLLING LAND, IT INVOLVES A CAREFUL INTERACTION OF PEOPLE, THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE LAW. THIS IS THE PROCESS MPBN WILL EXPLORE IN ITS VIEW- ER ACTIVE SIMULATION.

WHAT IS A VIEWER ACTIVE SIMULATION? A simulation is a model of an actual process. We are all familiar with the simulators used by the astronauts in which problems of flight are explored in a laboratory environment. The broadcasts serve as the laboratory in our environmental simulation game which is basically a dramatization of a real life process. "Characters" are created to present conflicting viewpoints and events are created in a condensed time frame. Thus, while an actual hearing might take 5 full days and in- volve 40 people, we simulate the event into a 30 minute segment and involve perhaps eight people. Our purpose in the simulation is to create a model, like the astronauts' ship, in which viewers actually see and experi- ence a dynamic process from all viewpoints and make a THE PROGRAMS decision. Viewers then phone their decisions into the TV The format of the series consists of five hour-long programs station and thus control the development of the process. each of which will progressively present alternatives for the Hence the term "Viewer-active" television. use of a simulated, but realistic piece of Maine land. At the conclusion of each program, you, the viewer, are asked to vote on the uses of the land and phone that vote in to the Maine Public Broadcasting Network via special toll-free HOW DO YOU PARTICIPATE IN "THE LAND AND telephone numbers. Thus, by voting, and expressing prefer- ME." ences after considering the issues, viewers will hopefully In MPBN's simulation game the people of Maine decide gain insight into the complexities and environmental impli- on the future of a fictitious 5,000 acre tract of land. At the cations of how Maine's lands are used and of the processes end of each of the first three hour-long programs, two choices that determine these uses. will be presented to you. You must consider the various points of view presented in the program and then choose, Program OneIn the first program, you meet the Mc- one of the alternatives. Then register your vote according Pherson family as, in 1973, they face a serious crisis. For to the voting instructions (see box below). If your vote is many years, the McPhersons have leased the land where their in the majority, the next program will reflect your choice. camp is located (see map). The owner of the land is about to Leaders Guides are available at no charge to viewers who sell the 5,000 acres including the land where the McPherson's would like to form a group to view and discuss the series. have their camp. You are asked to consider the McPherson's situation and vote on the best alternative for them and for Write or call the Maine Public Broadcasting Networkthe the environment around them. Your vote at the end of this address and telephone number are on the back page to first program will decide who buys the land. request the Leaders Guide. Program TwoIn the second program you again partici- Included in this guide is an evaluation form. You can be of pate as you watch the new owner make plans for the land. help to us at MPBN by filling out the form and sending it to Naturally, these plans affect the McPhersons ana their way us. of life. You are presented with the new owner's alternatives and you are again asked to vote on which plan y. :I feel is best for the land and for the McPhersons. Program Three In our simulation game, a year has passed between the second and the third programs. You watch the new owner take the plan, which you, the viewers, have chosen, to the Land Use Regulation Commission for ap- proval. You are asked to vote as you would if you were the Land Use Regulation Commission and approve one of two plans. Program FourIn the fourth program, you see the re- sults of the decisions you have made as we look at the Mc- Phersons in their new situation in 1984. Included in this program is a panel discussion exploring real land use prob- lems in Maine. Program FiveFinally, in the fifth program, we see what life for the McPhersons might be if the other possible buyer had bought the land at the end of Program I. Again, the year is 1984. Also included in this program is an on-air panel discussion concerning real land use problems in Maine.

2 VOTING INSTRUCTIONS 7:30 PM Evening Broadcast At the conclusion of Program I (Oct. 2), II (Oct. 9) and III (Oct. 16), you, the people of Maine, will be asked to decide what will happen to the land. You cast your vote by means of a toll-free telephone call to MPBN's special phone poll. The numbers in your area are listed below. Watch the program very carefully and decide how you wish to vote. Listen, at the end of the pro- gram. for the telephone number that corresponds to the way you want to vote. Dial the number. The phone will ring in at MPBN's special phone poll. THE ISSUES You will hear the phone ring and then you will The principle issue explored in the programs is the relation- hear a "click," which will mean your vote is re- ship between man and land. This is a dynamic relationship corded. HANG UP IMMEDIATELY AFTER YOU the land can affect man's behavior as much as the behavior HEAR THE "CLICK." can affect the land. The land may be able to support a build- It is not necessary to speak to anyone because ing, but. not a sewer system; in this case, the land dictates to your vote is recorded by means of "click." IF YOU man. On the other hand, a dump placed in a certain area by REACH A BUSY SIGNAL, DIAL AGAIN. man will also dictate how the surrounding land is used. Certain combinations of land and usage are mutually bene- The Phone Numbers ficial to the environment. Likewise certain uses are entirely In Bangor area 947-6701or 947-6523 incompatible too many houses next to a lake might be In Portland area 775.6177or 775-6391 profitable, but in the long run could ruin the lake. Under- All other areas1-800-232-7873or1-800-232-7893 standing both the needs of men and the needs of the land is the only way to satisfy both. It is to that end that "The Land For the 8:30 AM and 12:30 PM Broadcasts and Me." is being broadcast. And for Group or Classroom Votes The issues of land ownership, zoning, environmental im- If you are a teacher or discussion leader, poll pact, community control, and the resulting lifestyle will be your class or group at the end of the broadcast. To examined in the programs. The land laws in Appendix A are register the votes, on the day of the broadcast be- briefly described to help the viewer understand the complex- fore 9:00 PM, call the special TOLL-FREE number ity of the issue of land use in Maine. In Appendix B we list below and give the speaker the tally of your class and describe the several agencies where viewers can write or group. All school and group votes will be in- for further information on a specific problem. Appendix C cluded in the totals which determine the direction is a bibliography included for further study. And finally, of the programs. an evaluation page which we hope viewers will fill out and 1-800-432-7831 return. AmmP APPENDIX B The following are some of the public state agencies in- volved in land use problems in Maine. Some of the agencies listed also have other functions. These agencies are funded with public money and work in the interest of the people of the State of Maine. Ii you have an opinion you wish to share on a particular aspect of the land use problem or if you seek specific information, we suggest you contact the appropriate state agency. Your local representative can be of assistance in steering you to the agency concerned. The specific statutes administered by these agencies are described under Land 1_ Laws, Appendix A. ECO-ACRES is a board game designed to reveal the State Tax Assessor need for sound land use planning. It presents players Forest land taxation with valid conflicting points of view and then chal- Farm and Open Space Current Use tax law lenges each of them to explore satisfactory alternative Department of Environmental Protection uses for land as they strive to build a community. Great Ponds Act. ECO-ACRES is a board game designed for 5 to 15 Oil Discharge Prevention players, from age 12 up. and requires no special know- Protection and Improvement of Water ledge or skill on the part of the players. Site Location Act You can have your own ECO-ACRES game, on Mining and Rehabilitation of Land request. AT NO COST, by writing or calling: Protection and Improvement of Air Supervision of Subdivision of Land ECO-ACRES Game Mandatory Shoreland Zoning Maine Public Broadcasting Network Department of Parks and Recreation University of Maine Administers and acquires all state owned parks with the Alumni Hall exception of Baxter State Park which is administered by Orono, Maine 04473 the Baxter Park authority (Attorney General, Forest Telephone 207/866-4493 Ext. 51 Commissioner and Commissioner of Inland Fisheries and Game. 3 Land Use Regulation Commission PAPER INDUSTRY INFORMATION OFFICE Comprehensive Planning/Zoning and Land Use control 133 State Street in the unorganized territory. Otherwise, same as DEP Augusta, Maine 04330 in unorganized territories. Also Farm and Open Space current use tax law in unorganized territories. SCOTT PAPER COMPANY Department of Forestry Winslow, Maine 04901 Controls 400,000 acres in Public Lots. In addition to the above, your Local Planning Board or Roadside Forest Practices Conservation Commission and your Regional Planning Com- Inland Fish and Game Department mission can supply you with information regarding a specific Waterways Protection local land use problem. These agencies can be contacted Department of Transportation through your town office. Outdoor Advertising Junkyards APPENDIX C Department of Health and Welfare Bibliography Sanitary Regulations State Plumbing Code The following is aselectedlist of books and articles dealing Court System with the land use problem in the United States and in Maine Conservation Restrictions in particular. The Regional Planning Commission in your State Planning Office area and your local Planning Board can be of great assistance Develops comprehensive planning and zoning; manda- in providing further reading materials. tory shoreland zoning in organized portion of state. BOOKS: The following private organizations can provide specific information regarding the land use issue in Maine. Barringer, Richard.The Maine Manifest,Bath, Maine. The Allagash Group, 1973. AUDUBON NATURALIST COUNCIL Clawson, Marion.Land for the Future.Baltimore, John Box 509 Hopkins Press, 1960. Brunswick, Maine 04011 Dick, Everett.The Lure of the Land: A Social History of the Public Lands.Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, COASTAL RESOURCES ACTION COMMITTEE 1970. 465 Congress Street, Room 507 Fairbrother,Nan. New Lives. New Landscapes: Planning for Portland, Maine 04111 the 2Ist Century.New York, Knopf, 1970. 'Little, Charles E., et. al.Stewardship: The Land, the Land- LEAGUE OF WOMEN VOTERS OF MAINE owner. The Metropolis.New York, Open Space Action P.O. Box 151 Committee, 1965. Orono, Maine 04473 Nader, Ralph & Task Force.Power and Land in California. NATURAL RESOURCES COUNCIL OF MAINE Washington, Center for Study of Responsive Law, 1971, 20 Willow Street 2 Vols. Augusta, Maine 04330 Osborne, William.The Paper Plantation: The Nader Report on the Pulp and Paper Industry in Maine.Washington, THE NATURE CONSERVANCYMAINE CHAPTER D.C. Center for the Study of Responsive Law, 1973. Kittery Point Sommer,Robert. Personal Space: The Behavioral Basis of Maine 03905 Design.Englewood Cliffs,N.J.PrenticeHall,1969. al.The Community Land Trust: A SAM ELY LAND TRUST Swann. Robert S. et. Guide to a New Model for Land Tenure in America. Box 116 Cambridge.Massachusetts, Center for Community Brunswick, Maine 04011 Economic Development, 1972. THE SIERRA CLUB The Maine Coast: Prospects and Perspectives.Brunswick, P.O. Box 478 Maine. Center for Resource Studies, Bowdoin College, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609 1966. Proceedings of the Maine Mountain Conference.Augusta, STATE BIOLOGISTS' ASSOCIATION Maine. National Resources Council of Maine, 1972. Box 646 Present Forest Land Utilization for the New England Region Sanford, Maine 04073 and Projections for the Future.Washington, D.C. The WOMEN'S LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL American Forest Institute, 1972. 25 Rumford Ave. ARTICLES: Rumford, Maine 04276 Barnes, Peter and Casa lino, Larry. "Who Owns the Land? A LANDGUARD TRUST, INC. Primer on Land Reform in the U.S.A." Berkley, Calif- 103 Exchange Street ornia. Center for Rural Studies, .1972. Portland, Maine 04111 Cahn. Robert. "Land in Jeopardy."Christian Science Mon- itor.Boston. January 17. 1973. The first in a long series Many businesses and industries in Maine are concerned of articles on land use through May 15, 1973. with the land use issue. The following is a representative list Letwin, William, L. et. al. "Toward Efficient Programs of of such organizations. Land Use Controls." U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Lexington, Massachusetts, 1969. GEORGIA PACIFIC CORPORATION McCloskey, Paul N. Jr. "Preservation of America's Open Woodland, Maine 04694 Space: A Proposal for a National Land Use Commis- GREAT NORTHERN PAPER COMPANY sion."Michigan Law Review,May 1970, pp. 1167-1174. Millinocket, Maine 04462 Yearwood, R. M. "Land Subdivision and Development: American Attitudes."American Journal of Economics OXFORD PAPER COMPANY and Sociology.April 1970, pp. 113-126. 49 Congress Street "Land Use: Maine at the Crossroads."Facts and Issues, Rumford, Maine 04276 League of Women Voters of Maine. October, 1972.4 PYS

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To request materials or for further infOrmation contact: Grayce Papps, Project Director Eton Churchill; Writer Maine Public Broadcasting Network Alumni Hall, University of Maine Orono, Maine 04473 Telephone: 207/8664493 Ext. 51

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Produced by: Educational Services Division Maine Public Broadcasting Network k, Funded by: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Office of Education: Enyircinmental P-clucation'Aet \ 4 04+4* series,'"The Land and Me.", is designed iewers can participate in deeisionmaking process*. fc:000031r* of land is,being developed. To participate ice lions requires 'some background' Herewith is ,ti.'seritia Of ie0Orkfortirotidening the'haCkground of your group ...e.','MeMbeectin:Voteinan inforMed and intelligent -nutnnei,:' Oine,'Of the *ties ,Program ' are intentionally

to Oreate'A':high'emotional response in'the viewer,. for'; land use can often be a 'highly emotional' subject;Our Nape:is" that VOO as leader,' can temper Valid, emotional responses with sound background material to yield 'a 'bal- anced viewpoint., , rrogiim In the first prOgram the question of oWnership and control Of the hind arisei.- Should the landtrust buy ilie land ,,or should the developer lauVit? This is the question audience Must vote 'on in Program I. Here are some suggeitions:for ;,cliscussionprior to the program: 1) Discuss the ownership pattern in your community. 2)Discuss the advantages and 'disadvantages of publid and private ownerihiPi.e., a park benefits the, coin- munity- emotionally; but takes land off. the tax rolls and requires maintenance. Privately owned land' is exclusive, that is; it is controlled by the owner, and yet it benefits the community only through.taXation, 3) Raise the question: How does ownership Of land affect the community as a whale? Program 1I This program raises the issue of planning for private and interest. -Basically strip housing along the lake isset againit the concept of cluster honsing.:Economie factors are important : here The following are discussion questions that relate to Program H. 1) What are the costs of strip housing versus cluster . haising? 2) HOW does each affect transpoitation systems? 3) How;does each affecedonimunity functionsschools, government And the general living process? . 4) Cite examples of each in your community. 5) What factors dictate housing patterns . a. soil` types b. existing facilitieswater, sewer, transportation Q. existing industry or resource Invite Vour town manages or members of your conservation FeaniniSsiOn or local planning board to discuss- some of -the above-items. ; The ECO-ACRES game focuses on planning and some of VOTING INSTRUCTIONS the issues in Program H. It is helpful if the group plays the ECO-ACRES game either before or after Program II. For the 8:30 AM and 12:30 PM Broadcasts And for Group or Classroom Votes If you are a teacher or discussion leader, poll your class or group at the end of the broadcast. To register the votes, on die cf the broadcast be- fore 9:00 PM, call the special TOLL-FREE number Program III below and give the speaker thT tally of your class This program focuses on the legal aspects of settlement or group. All school and group votes will be in- and land use. cluded in the totals which determine the direction 1) Viewers should be Amide familiar with state land laws of the programs. (Appendix A) and also with local zoning ordinances, if any. 14300.432-7831 2) Members of the local planning board could discuss the regulation aspect of land use with your grcup. 3) Be sure the group understands the function of the Land Use Regulation Commission before this program. (See Appendix B)

Programs IV & V 1984 iirlalJr4 1 These programs emphasize the resolution of decisions a- made in Programs1, II, and III. 11 Ai conclusion, discuss other possit!e solutions not covered in the programs. 2) Again, playing ECO-ACRES at this point could be informative. 3) Compare and contrast the 1984 programs fornet ECO-ACRES gains and losses for the McPherson family-- the social, economic, environmental and family contexts are all altered by events between 1973 and 1984. GAME 4) What will your town be like in 1984? ECO-ACRES is a board game designed to reveal the 5) Will you still be there? need for sound land use planning. It presents players 6) What can you do now in your community to be mire with valid conflicting points of view and then chal- of a healthy environment and economy? lenges each of them to explore catisfactory alternative In Appendix B to the Viewer Guide, there is a list of a?en- uses for land as they strive to build a community. cies which you can contact for further information. ECO-ACRES is a board game designed for 5 to 15 FINALLY BE SURE YOUR GROUP IS AWARE OF players, from age 12 up, and requires no special know- THE PROCESS OF LAND USE THAT DECISIONS ledge or skill on the pan of the players. AADE IN 1973 WILL AFFECT LIFE IN 1984. MAKE You can have your own ECO-ACRES game, on THEM AWARE OF THE NEED FOR INTELLIGENT request, AT NO COST, by writing or calling: PLANNING. Be sure members of your group fill out the evaluation ECO-ACRES Game forms and return them. Maine Public Broadcasting Network We would like to know what you thought of "The Land University of Maine and Me." and in what ways it was useful to your group. What Alumni Hall suggestions do you have for future environmental or simu- Orono, Maine 04473 lation series? Telephone 207/866-4493 Ext. 51 AlumniMaineEtonGrayceTo request Churchill, Public HallPapps, materials Broadcasting Project Writer or Director for Networkfurther information contact: EducationalProducedOrono,University Maine by: of Services 04473Wire Telephone:Division 207/8+56-4493 Ext. Si U.S.FundedMaine OfficeEnvironmental Public by: of BroadcastingEducation: Protection Environmental Network Agency Education Act BROADCAST SCHEDULETHE LAND AND ME. PROGRAMS Preaquelde/WMENt/(10)Augusta/VI/CHB/(10)Ototo./WMEB/Chmumb (12) Tues.DayTues. 8:30am:12:30pm:7;30pm8:30am:12:30pm;7:30pm8:30arn:12:30pm;7:30Prn Thais Oct. 2 1' 'Oct.Oct. 9 9 Oct .9 Oct. 16 111 Oct. 23 IV Oct. 30 'ToCalais/WMED/(13) accommodateandTV, 7:30pm Channel broadcasts 10. on October 9 will be Program II. Ptnr Isle anddismissed on WMED-TV, the previous Channel week 13. forCalais potatoTues. on Tuesday.harvest, Program October I9 will at 8:30 be repeated a.m. The only 12:30 on pm WMEM- 8 :30am :12:30pm :7 :30pm Oct. 2 'Oct. 9 Oct. 16 Oct. 23 Oct. 30 THE ORES GAME

ECO-ACRES is a board game designed to help 5)Each player draws one affiliation card (green). players understand the need for sound land use He must play in the interest of that card planning. There is only a finite amount of land avail- throughout the game. He should not reveal able to us, and yet there are an infinite number of the message on the card until the end of the uses for the land. Each use of the land industrial, game. recreational, residentialcontributes to the char- 6) The object of the game is to create an ideal acter of a community. In Maine, for example, there community. There are no winners or losers in are one-mill towns and there are residential towns. this game. Players must cooperate to create Each has a different character. Within these com- the ideal community through the town meeting. munities we all want good jobs which means in7 PROCEDURE dustrial use of the land, yet we all want clean un- spoiled rivers, lakes and forests. How can we ar- The player to the left of the dealer places a water- range a community in order to have good jobs, way in a suitable area on the plat. If there is no good homes and, at the same time, have a clean objection from the other players, then the next healthy environment? That is the challenge to the player places a waterway on the plat. If a member players of ECO-ACRES. of the community objects to the placement of the waterway, he would call "TOWN MEETING." The SETTING UP THE GAME (5-15 PLAYERS) player who calls "TOWN MEETING" must propose AN ALTERNATIVE location for the waterway or 1) The plat (game board) is put on a suitable play- else he must propose that the waterway be elim- ing surface. inated from the game. Debate then begins on the 2) An odd number of players is needed for play. proposal. In town meeting, the dealer acts as town 3)Players elect a dealer who also serves as town manager or mediator. If the person calling the town manager. meeting does not propose an alternative, then the 4) The dealer deals out the following pieces to dealer can rule him out of order. Once debate on the players in a clockwise manner. the proposal has been heard, the dealer (town manager) calls for a vote. If the proposal is voted A.waterways (dark blue) (1 to a player) up, the proposal is a rule. If the proposal is voted B.roads (grey) down, then the waterway can stay or another play- C.institutional items (white) er can call town meeting with another proposal. D.services and commerce (yellow) This proposal is then debated in town meeting and E.dwellings (blue) voted on. Each proposal must be adopted or re- F.industry (light blue) jected in town meeting. The next player then puts a waterway down on SUGGESTIONS FOR TOWN MEETINGS the plat and either a town meeting is called or else 1)The board can either be zoned residential/ - the piece can stay where it is. This procedure is commercial /industrial early in the game or followed with every piece as it is put down. The else players can elect not to zone their com- order for pieces are as they were dealt : munity. The game plays more quickly if the A.waterways (dark blue) (1 to a player) town is zoned early in the game after the water- B.roads (grey) ways are in place. C.institutional items (white) 2)Interest is heightened when an area is desig- D.services and commerce (yellow) nated asa walkway, with no motorized vehicles E.dwellings (blue) allowed save for emergency purposes (ambu- industry (light blue) lance, fire, etc.) The game ends when all the pieces have either 3)Interest is also created when an area is desig- been put on the plat or else been voted out through nated as "open space". Open space areas can the town meeting. When all the pieces are on the be used for recreational purposes, but no per- plat, each player reveals his affiliation and dis- manent structures can be established in the cusses whether he was able to achieve the goals open space area. on the card and also satisfy the needs of the com- munity. 4)Cluster housing often creates an interesting settlement pattern.