Graphic Imaging Technology II
8661 36 weeks / 280 hours Table of Contents Acknowledgments ...... 2 Course Description ...... 3 Task Essentials Table ...... 3 Curriculum Framework ...... 9 Practicing Safety and First Aid ...... 9 Gaining an Overview of Digital File Preparation ...... 15 Understanding Type ...... 28 Performing Page-Layout Functions ...... 35 Performing Image Capture ...... 52 Exploring Photo Imaging Software...... 58 Understanding Color Management ...... 62 Working with Illustration Software ...... 66 Working with the Portable Document Format (PDF) ...... 70 Digital File Output ...... 73 Understanding Mathematics and Measurement ...... 81 SOL Correlation by Task ...... 83 Teaching Resources ...... 89 SkillsUSA Information ...... 90 Entrepreneurship Infusion Units ...... 90 Appendix: Credentials, Course Sequences, and Career Cluster Information ...... 91
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Acknowledgments
The components of this instructional framework were reviewed by the following curriculum development panelists:
Susan Caldwell, Instructor, North Stafford High School, Stafford County Public Schools Sheldon W. Glassner, Instructor, Hermitage Technical Center, Henrico County Public Schools Dennis Holland, Instructor, Greensville County High School, Greensville County Public Schools Frank Kanonik, Managing Director, Intellective Solutions LLC, Tuxedo Park, NY Erin Nuss, Manager of Academic and Training Programs, Specialty Graphic Imaging Association, Fairfax Karen Reitz, Instructor, Richmond Technical Center, Richmond City Public Schools Pamela Smith, Instructor, Monroe Advanced Technical Academy, Academies of Loudoun, Loudoun County Public Schools Matthew S. Weston, Instructor, Prince George High School, Prince George County Public Schools
Correlations to the Virginia Standards of Learning were reviewed and updated by:
Leslie R. Bowers, English Teacher (ret.), Newport News Public Schools Vickie L. Inge, Mathematics Committee Member, Virginia Mathematics and Science Coalition Anne F. Markwith, New Teacher Mentor (Science), Gloucester County Public Schools Michael L. Nagy, Social Studies Department Chair, Rustburg High School, Campbell County Public Schools
The framework was edited and produced by the CTE Resource Center:
Debi F. Coleman, Writer/Editor Kevin P. Reilly, Administrative Coordinator
Virginia Department of Education Staff
J. Anthony Williams, Specialist, Technology and Industrial Education and Related Clusters Dr. Tricia S. Jacobs, CTE Coordinator of Curriculum and Instruction Dr. David S. Eshelman, Director, Workforce Development and Initiative George R. Willcox, Director, Operations and Accountability
Office of Career, Technical, and Adult Education Virginia Department of Education
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Copyright © 2019 Course Description
Suggested Grade Level: 11 or 12 Prerequisites: 8660
Graphic Imaging Technology II prepares students for a career in the graphic communications industry. Students gain knowledge and skills in digital file preparation and output. Graphic imaging technology programs must be accredited by PrintED, administered by the Graphic Arts Education and Research Foundation (GAERF).
As noted in Superintendent's Memo #058-17 (2-28-2017), this Career and Technical Education (CTE) course must maintain a maximum pupil-to-teacher ratio of 20 students to one teacher, due to safety regulations. The 2016-2018 biennial budget waiver of the teacher-to-pupil ratio staffing requirement does not apply. Task Essentials Table
• Tasks/competencies designated by plus icons ( ) in the left-hand column(s) are essential • Tasks/competencies designated by empty-circle icons ( ) are optional • Tasks/competencies designated by minus icons ( ) are omitted • Tasks marked with an asterisk (*) are sensitive.
Task 8661 Tasks/Competencies Number Practicing Safety and First Aid
39 Identify the location(s) and proper use of emergency alarms, fire extinguishers, and other fire safety equipment in the facility.
40 List the safety rules involving flammable liquids.
41 List the steps to be taken in case of an injury in the lab.
42 Identify the location(s) of first-aid kit(s) and eye-wash station(s).
43 Interpret a safety data sheet (SDS).
44 Describe personal protective equipment (PPE) where needed.
45 Identify safety considerations when using a computer-to-plate (CTP), digital production printer, digital press, or other type of equipment.
46 Describe safety procedures appropriate when operating various equipment.
47 Describe the approved lab dress code for safe operation, including personal protective equipment (PPE).
48 Pass a general lab safety test with a score of 100 percent.
49 Demonstrate compliance with approved methods for the collection and disposal or recycling of waste materials.
50 Follow instructions on warning labels.
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Task 8661 Tasks/Competencies Number
51 Identify the safety color code.
52 Comply with school graphics lab rules and regulations. Gaining an Overview of Digital File Preparation
53 Interpret production information on a job docket/ticket.
54 Differentiate among line art, continuous-tone images, and halftone images.
55 Identify basic process-color principles and kinds of four-color printing.
56 Explain four-color printing vs. four-color process.
57 Define PostScript.
58 Describe word-processing, illustration, image-editing, and page-layout software.
59 Produce a single-color document, using desired fonts, styles, margins, indents, and tabs.
60 Select appropriate software for illustration, image editing, and page layout.
61 Prepare a series of hand-drawn sketches or computer-generated layouts, incorporating appropriate notes and printer marks.
62 Define removable storage media.
63 Define file transfer protocol (FTP).
64 Describe computer networking within a work environment.
65 Demonstrate the transfer of files within a network.
66 Describe disaster recovery file backup options.
67 Demonstrate a file backup.
68 Demonstrate the use of a file compression utility for file storage or transfer.
69 Describe metadata.
70 Explain the importance of metadata in managing media files.
71 Use metadata for digital asset management.
72 Define preflighting and packaging.
73 Demonstrate preflighting and packaging a native file, using application software and/or a manual checklist.
74 Demonstrate preflighting a portable document format (PDF) file, using application software and/or a manual checklist.
75 Describe a raster image processer (RIP).
76 Define computer-to-plate (CTP).
77 Identify common quality issues found during the preflight process.
78 Create a manual checklist of possible quality issues.
79 Describe the use of trapping an image for print.
80 Describe a folding dummy for print. Understanding Type
81 Explain the role of type as a design element in graphic communications.
82 Measure copy/text in points, using a line gauge.
83 Explain measuring and designing with type.
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Task 8661 Tasks/Competencies Number
84 Identify the physical characteristics of typographic characters.
85 Describe dingbats, bullets, rules, and symbols and their uses in publications.
86 Distinguish between display (headline) type and body (text) type by their point sizes and styles.
87 Identify the basic type classifications and uses.
88 Distinguish between serif and sans serif type styles.
89 Explain tracking and kerning of type characteristics.
90 Explain word spacing and the relation of em and en in paragraph spacing.
91 Explain line spacing and the measurement principles for the leading of text.
92 Describe type arrangements.
93 Explain the differences among types of fonts.
94 Demonstrate the loading, displaying, and organizing of fonts, using a font-management software application.
95 Describe font substitution when outputting a printed page.
96 Assess the effectiveness of a communication piece using different applications of type. Performing Page-Layout Functions
97 Describe office/home-based software applications.
98 Select appropriate page-layout software for a given job.
99 Demonstrate the use of a digital dictionary, spell checker, and automatic hyphenation.
100 Demonstrate a functional knowledge of computer menus and palettes within industry-standard software.
101 Demonstrate text alignment, element positioning, and rules of page design for printed matter.
102 Proofread manuscript copy and make necessary corrections using basic proofreading marks.
103 Set up/select appropriate pagination for a given job.
104 Set text with appropriate margins, formatting, gutters, and leading.
105 Import copy from a word-processing program to a page-layout program.
106 Produce a document using desired fonts, styles, margins, indents, tabs, and colors.
107 Describe a page break.
108 Describe widow and orphan formatting.
109 Demonstrate line-break formatting, including hyphenation, widow, and orphan control.
110 Assess proper line and page breaks, including hyphenation, widows, and orphans in an instructor-specified page.
111 Describe master pages.
112 Demonstrate automatic folio numbering.
113 Explain the purpose of style sheets.
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Task 8661 Tasks/Competencies Number
114 Identify the masthead (i.e., header and footer).
115 Create a multiple page document using master pages, automatic folios, styles (e.g., character, paragraph, and object), masthead, and graphics.
116 Describe the use of a table in page layout software.
117 Create a document that includes tables.
118 Explain the use of a graphic box in page layout software.
119 Proofread, edit, and adjust copy on screen.
120 Import an image into a page-layout program.
121 Demonstrate a procedure for cropping digital images.
122 Create a two-sided, three-panel brochure, using graphics and text.
123 Create a four-page newsletter, using windows, blocks, text, graphics, frames, headings, and imported graphics or logos.
124 Define variable data printing.
125 Explain the use of variable data in a printing project.
126 Create a flat database with three categories in a spreadsheet application for use in a variable data project.
127 Design a document that has variable data fields for text and pictures using page layout software with variable data capabilities.
128 Produce a variable data printing job on a digital press or production printer.
129 Create a two-page newsletter, using drop caps for paragraph openings, wrap-arounds (runarounds), and graphics.
130 Create a printed piece, using tints, reverses, and manipulated type for effect.
131 Produce and output a multicolored flyer that includes at least two spot colors.
132 Demonstrate the procedures for printing a proof to a monochrome and/or color laser printer or inkjet printer, using page-layout software.
133 Export a press-ready PDF, using page-layout software.
134 Describe soft proofing and its advantages and disadvantages. Performing Image Capture
135 Identify the types of images used in the graphics industry.
136 List professional image editing software applications.
137 Identify types of graphics.
138 Compare examples of graphic file formats and their extensions.
139 Explain pixels per inch (PPI) resolution (i.e., display).
140 Explain dots per inch (DPI).
141 Identify potential quality issues of improper relationships among PPI, DPI, and LPI on final output quality.
142 Describe color bit depth.
143 Create correct depth and resolution files of line art and continuous-tone images using a scanner.
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Task 8661 Tasks/Competencies Number
144 Describe various camera components and settings used while capturing images.
145 Explain the use of optical character recognition (OCR).
146 Use OCR software to capture printed text.
147 Capture a digital image using a scanner and another image-capture device.
148 Describe International Color Consortium (ICC) profiles and their use.
149 Demonstrate the ability to color-convert RGB images into CMYK using ICC profiles.
150 Demonstrate the importing of scanned digital images into page-layout software. Exploring Photo Imaging Software
151 Download a digital image from a free stock photography website; resize and resample according to specifications.
152 Describe the use of layers, selections, and channels in an image editing software program.
153 Use layers, selections, and channels to edit a color photograph in an image editing software program.
154 Describe image cloning.
155 Use an image editing software program to perform image cloning.
156 Describe unsharp masking.
157 Use an image editing software program to perform varying degrees of unsharp masking.
158 Explain capabilities of adjusting contrast (i.e., tone reproduction) in an image editing software program.
159 Use an image editing software program to perform contrast adjustments (tone reproduction) on a color image.
160 Describe capabilities of adjusting color balance (gray balance) in an image editing software program.
161 Use an image editing software program to perform color balance (gray balance) adjustments on a color image. Understanding Color Management
162 Describe the role of color management in a print workflow.
163 Describe color management techniques used in different steps of a print workflow.
164 Compare color gamut capabilities of devices used in a print workflow.
165 Explain the use of an ICC profile in a print workflow.
166 Describe conversion limitations of the RGB color model to the CMYK color model.
167 Describe under color removal (UCR).
168 Describe gray component replacement (GCR).
169 Demonstrate calibration of a color monitor to manufacturer’s specifications.
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Task 8661 Tasks/Competencies Number
170 Demonstrate calibration of a color proofer to manufacturer’s specifications. Working with Illustration Software
171 List the capabilities of professional illustration software applications.
172 Convert a bitmap image to a vector.
173 Demonstrate the use of keyboard shortcuts/menus.
174 Create a design appropriate for a given job, using an illustration program.
175 Create a design using tints and fills for a given job, using an illustration program.
176 Create a design using manipulated type (e.g., rotated, circled, extended) for a publication.
177 Trace a drawing/photograph, using an illustration program.
178 Edit an existing piece of electronic clip art. Working with the Portable Document Format (PDF)
179 Describe the PDF.
180 Explain why PDF has become an integral part of the printing industry.
181 List the advantages and disadvantages of PDF.
182 Demonstrate how to make changes to an existing PDF file.
183 Explain the various methods in which PDFs are created.
184 Demonstrate how to import a PDF of an InDesign file.
185 Distinguish among a PDF, PDF/X-1a, and PDF/X-3 file.
186 Describe the differences among a press-quality PDF, a print-quality PDF, and the smallest-file size PDF. Digital File Output
187 Output to Fiery Digital Print Solutions–EFI.
188 Output to a wide-format printer.
189 Output to digital production printers (i.e., black-and-white and color copiers).
190 Output to a sublimation printer.
191 Output to a direct-to-garment printer or embroidery machine.
192 Output to a cutting plotter.
193 Compare direct to plate vs. direct to press.
194 Describe the characteristics of plate material for offset printing.
195 Describe the capabilities, specifications, and functions of a platesetter.
196 Create a flowchart of workflow steps when outputting to an offset press.
197 Create a flowchart of workflow steps when outputting to digital press.
198 Describe a print queue.
199 Explain how print queues can be optimized by a digital press operator.
200 Identify quality control marks.
201 Explain tone value increase (TVI) and its effect on printed materials.
202 Describe quality control measurement devices.
203 Describe print lab quality process control SOP.
204 Describe print industry specifications.
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Task 8661 Tasks/Competencies Number Understanding Mathematics and Measurement
205 Solve the division of two- and three-digit decimal problems.
206 Solve decimals-to-percent conversion problems.
207 Solve basic linear measurement problems. Legend: Essential Non-essential Omitted
Curriculum Framework
Practicing Safety and First Aid
Task Number 39 Identify the location(s) and proper use of emergency alarms, fire extinguishers, and other fire safety equipment in the facility.
Definition
Identification should include details about the location(s) and proper use of fire extinguisher and fire blanket, according to manufacturers’ guidelines.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why do graphic imaging technology (GIT) employees need to know the location of fire safety equipment? • What types of fire safety equipment are important in GIT? • What types of fire-extinguishing equipment should be used to extinguish different types of fires? Task Number 40 List the safety rules involving flammable liquids.
Definition
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List should outline
• the proper use of flammable cabinet • the proper handling of flammable liquids • other safety precautions, according to manufacturers’ guidelines.
Process/Skill Questions
• What types of flammable liquids are commonly used in the GIT industry? What are the proper handling and safety procedures for these liquids? • Where should flammable liquids be stored? Task Number 41 List the steps to be taken in case of an injury in the lab.
Definition
List of steps should include emergency procedures adopted by the local school division.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are some typical injuries that occur in the GIT environment? How do they typically occur? • What steps should be taken when these workplace injuries occur? Task Number 42 Identify the location(s) of first-aid kit(s) and eye-wash station(s).
Definition
Identification should include the location(s) of first-aid kit(s) and eye-wash station(s).
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the importance of a first-aid kit and an eye-wash station? • What would be a strategic location for a first-aid kit and eye-wash station? Task Number 43
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Interpret a safety data sheet (SDS).
Definition
Interpretation should involve reading, comprehending, and using the information on an SDS, including
• reactivity • safety • emergency number • manufacturer • flashpoint.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the importance of an SDS? • Why must SDS be kept on site? What are the potential consequences of not keeping SDS easily accessible on the work site at all times? • Why is each element on an SDS important? Task Number 44 Describe personal protective equipment (PPE) where needed.
Definition
Description should include details about and demonstration of the use of
• rubber/plastic gloves • safety goggles/glasses • face shields • ear plugs • dust masks.
Process/Skill Questions
• What situations necessitate the use of gloves, goggles or glasses, ear plugs, dust masks, and/or face shields? • What are possible consequences for the GIT employee who fails to use PPE? • What are possible consequences for a GIT company if its employees do not properly and consistently use PPE?
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Task Number 45 Identify safety considerations when using a computer-to- plate (CTP), digital production printer, digital press, or other type of equipment.
Definition
Identification should include following the school's/company's and manufacturers' safety procedures and the guidelines for each piece of equipment in the lab.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are consequences of not following proper safety procedures? • How do safety procedures affect a GIT company’s profitability and productivity? Task Number 46 Describe safety procedures appropriate when operating various equipment.
Definition
Description should involve following the school's/company's and manufacturers' safety procedures and guidelines for each piece of equipment in the lab.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are some consequences of not following proper safety procedures? • How do safety procedures affect a graphic imaging technology company’s profitability and productivity? Task Number 47 Describe the approved lab dress code for safe operation, including personal protective equipment (PPE).
Definition
Description should include use of
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• eye protection when working with chemicals or with machines that may produce flying materials • ear protection when working in noisy areas • gloves when working with chemicals, such as inks, solvents, or oils • aprons to keep clothes from being grabbed by machinery • face mask or respirator, as appropriate for protection against dust or mist • closed-toed shoes and long pants at all times.
It also includes identification of the following safety rules:
• Tie back loose hair and clothing. • Wear no jewelry or watches.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why might a lab dress code vary from company to company? • Why might a company choose to provide uniforms for their employees? How might this affect a job candidate's decision to accept employment? Task Number 48 Pass a general lab safety test with a score of 100 percent.
Definition
Passing a school-based general lab safety test should require 100 percent accuracy in explaining and applying the following:
• Adhering to general class safety procedures • Handling chemicals safely • Wearing proper dress and protective equipment • Adhering to safety zones • Using equipment safeguards
Process/Skill Questions
• What are potential consequences of not following general class safety procedures? • What are safety zones? Why are they important in the GIT workplace? Task Number 49 Demonstrate compliance with approved methods for the collection and disposal or recycling of waste materials.
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Definition
Demonstration should include use of OSHA-approved methods to dispose of waste materials, such as
• chemical waste • rags • ink.
OSHA-approved disposal methods should include
• professional waste-disposal services • professional linen services • ChemSafe for chemical disposal.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to dispose of waste materials properly? • What can be the consequences of not disposing of materials properly? • What is ChemSafe? Why is it used in the GIT industry? Task Number 50 Follow instructions on warning labels.
Definition
Following instructions on warning labels should include reading, interpreting, and adhering to cautions related to
• color code • flammability • reactivity • health • combustibility.
Process/Skill Questions
• What type of information is on warning labels found in the GIT workplace? Why is this information necessary? • What is the difference between flammability and combustibility? Why is this distinction important? Task Number 51
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Identify the safety color code.
Definition
Identification should include listing the following colors and the meanings of each, according to the safety color code:
• Yellow—designates caution of a physical hazard • Green—marks the location of first aid/safety equipment • Orange—indicates hazardous parts of equipment that can cause injury • Red —marks the location of firefighting equipment; also used to mean "danger" or "stop" • Blue—indicates information signs/bulletin boards • Ivory—marks hazardous features such as sharp edges of tools
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the meaning of each of the colors in the safety color code? • Why are colors used to convey safety zones? Task Number 52 Comply with school graphics lab rules and regulations.
Definition
Compliance should include
• identifying and abiding by lab equipment safety rules and regulations • identifying and abiding by safety regulations as they relate to proper paper movement • listing the standard operating procedures (SOP) for spills • explaining the proper procedures to clean up any spills in the lab.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to follow school safety procedures? • What are the results of not following graphics lab safety requirements? Gaining an Overview of Digital File Preparation
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Task Number 53 Interpret production information on a job docket/ticket.
Definition
Interpretation should include reading and comprehending all sections of a job docket/ticket, including
• pre-press specifications • press specifications • post-press specifications to bindery/finishing operations and delivery/pickup on the job ticket.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to fill out a job docket/ticket? • What is the importance of each section of the job docket/ticket? • What would happen if the wrong finish size were put on the job docket/ticket? Task Number 54 Differentiate among line art, continuous-tone images, and halftone images.
Definition
Differentiation should include
• defining and giving examples of o line art o continuous-tone images o halftone copy • explaining the differences among o clip art o hand drawing, black on white o hand drawing with shading in pencil or charcoal pencils o photographs, black and white o photographs, color. Process/Skill Questions
• What will happen if continuous-tone art is printed as line art?
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• How is interpolated resolution a factor in printing? • How is resolution adjusted for clip art? Task Number 55 Identify basic process-color principles and kinds of four- color printing.
Definition
Identification of basic process-color principles and kinds of four-color printing should include
• two categories of printing • process color • spot (flat) color • Pantone Matching System (PMS) • color separations • color proofing.
Process/Skill Questions
• How are cyan, magenta, yellow, black (CMYK) and red, green, blue (RGB) color spaces related to one another? • What effect does dot size have on continuous-tone/halftone images? Task Number 56 Explain four-color printing vs. four-color process.
Definition
Explanation should include the
• definition of lithography • definition of color separation • process of converting RGB to CMYK.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is lithography considered best for high-quality printing? • Why is color separation important within the four-color process? Task Number 57
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Define PostScript.
Definition
Definition should characterize PostScript as
• a computer language considered a standard for scalable or vector graphics on laser printers and image setters • able to interpret the appearance of text, shapes, and sampled images for high-quality printing.
Process/Skill Questions
• How has PostScript changed the desktop publishing field? • What are the advantages of printing to a PostScript device as compared to a non- PostScript device? Task Number 58 Describe word-processing, illustration, image-editing, and page-layout software.
Definition
Description should include
• specifications of industry-standard word-processing, illustration, image-editing, and page-layout software • examples of work that call for the use of word-processing, illustration, image-editing, or page-layout software • factors to consider when purchasing various software packages.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the difference between using a word-processing program and using a page-layout program to lay out a newsletter? • What circumstances require an image-editing program rather than an illustration program? Task Number 59
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Produce a single-color document, using desired fonts, styles, margins, indents, and tabs.
Definition
Production should reflect
• predetermined parameters (e.g., fonts, styles, margins, bleed, indents, tabs) specified in the design brief • following directions to apply specifications in creating the final product.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the possible consequences of using the incorrect margins or bleed in the design of a document? • When would it be appropriate to recommend changes to a customer’s specified parameters? How should suggested changes be communicated to a customer? Task Number 60 Select appropriate software for illustration, image editing, and page layout.
Definition
Selection should include
• evaluating design brief specifications • reviewing available graphic imaging software • choosing the most appropriate software for completing a specific task.
Examples could include
• illustration software for logo creation • image-editing software for image formatting and preparation • page-layout software for a brochure.
Process/Skill Questions
• Which types of publications require word-processing software rather than page-layout software? • How does one determine which program or programs will most efficiently produce a printed piece for a specific printing job?
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Task Number 61 Prepare a series of hand-drawn sketches or computer- generated layouts, incorporating appropriate notes and printer marks.
Definition
Preparation of hand-drawn sketches or computer-generated layouts consists of
• creating applicable thumbnail sketches, rough sketches, and comprehensive layouts for projects or customer jobs, incorporating appropriate marks (e.g., trim, register marks, fold lines) • explaining the creative process, including working with the customer and goals of the design brief.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the purpose of doing a hand-drawn sketch? • What are the possible consequences of not beginning with a hand-drawn sketch? • What is the importance of putting the appropriate notes and marks on layout sketches? • When in the process should communication with the customer occur? How many options should a customer receive? Task Number 62 Define removable storage media.
Definition
Definition should include knowledge of removable storage devices.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does capacity differ among the formats? Why is this important? • Why is it important to consider media format compatibility when exchanging files between users? • How has networking or cloud storage affected the use of removable media? • How would one describe file formatting and storage devices for both Apple and PC operating systems? Why is it important to know the difference?
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Task Number 63 Define file transfer protocol (FTP).
Definition
Definition should include the concept that file transfer protocol (FTP) is a method for retrieving and sharing digital files over a network.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are some of the advantages of using FTP in a printing environment? • What software would be needed to use FTP? • What is cloud storage, and how does it compare to FTP? Task Number 64 Describe computer networking within a work environment.
Definition
Description should include
• reasons for linking computers • strengths and weaknesses of computer networking.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of computer networking? • How does computer networking affect everyday workflow? Task Number 65 Demonstrate the transfer of files within a network.
Definition
Demonstration should include how files are saved and shared in the cloud.
Process/Skill Questions
• When would it be wise to save to the cloud vs. to the device?
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• What are the consequences of not saving to the cloud? Task Number 66 Describe disaster recovery file backup options.
Definition
Description should include
• automatic backup • saving to the cloud • manual backup • multiple saved versions.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the benefits of using the cloud vs. local and/or external drives? • What is disaster recovery file backup? • When does one need to use discovery file backup?
Task Number 67 Demonstrate a file backup.
Definition
Demonstration should include moving files from a local computer or external drive to the cloud.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the benefits of creating multiple backups?
Task Number 68 Demonstrate the use of a file compression utility for file storage or transfer.
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Definition
Demonstration should include
• zip/SIT/SITX files • flash drives • networks • cloud • mobile sharing devices.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is a file compression utility? • When would one use a zip file?
Task Number 69 Describe metadata.
Definition
Description should include information such as keywords and characteristics that describe the digital file’s content necessary for efficient searching within databases.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are metadata? • How are metadata generated? Task Number 70 Explain the importance of metadata in managing media files.
Definition
Explanation should include
• ownership rights • creation date • location.
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Process/Skill Questions
• Where is metadata information found? • What metadata information is created by the user? Task Number 71 Use metadata for digital asset management.
Definition
Use could include
• owner name • copyright status of the photo or subject of the photo • camera settings • technical details • format.
Process/Skill Questions
• How is metadata information used by management? • What is digital asset management? Task Number 72 Define preflighting and packaging.
Definition
Definition should include
• preflighting—the practice of checking a document early on for errors (e.g., PostScript) or missing parts (e.g., fonts, images) so that as many problems as possible can be corrected after the initial draft of the work and before the printing process • packaging—the process of preparing files for print by organizing content into folders to be sent to a printer.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is preflighting important prior to performing a raster image processer (RIP)? • What is checked by preflighting software? • What are the similarities or differences between preflighting and packaging?
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Task Number 73 Demonstrate preflighting and packaging a native file, using application software and/or a manual checklist.
Definition
Demonstration of preflighting and packaging should include the use of software or a manual checklist to check a file ready for publication.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the difference between using a separate preflight program and using a preflight function built into another program? • What problems can occur if preflighting is not performed? • What problems can occur if packaging is not completed?
Task Number 74 Demonstrate preflighting a portable document format (PDF) file, using application software and/or a manual checklist.
Definition
Demonstration should include the use of preflight software (e.g., Adobe Acrobat, FlightCheck, PitStop Pro) or a manual checklist to check a PDF file ready for publication.
Process/Skill Questions
• How is preflighting a native file different from preflighting a PDF file? • What advantages are there to using Adobe Acrobat software rather than a third-party program?
Task Number 75 Describe a raster image processer (RIP).
Definition
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Description should include that an RIP
• is the process and the means of turning vector digital information, such as a PostScript file, into a high-resolution raster (bitmap) image, which can be better interpreted by a printer • offers additional features and functions not found in a standard printer driver and can be firmware, hardware, or software.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the differences between an RIP and a standard printer driver? • What types of RIP are used in today’s printing industry? • What are the steps of the RIP process? What is the result of the conversion? • What are three image formats compatible with RIP conversion? • What is possible input data for the raster image? Task Number 76 Define computer-to-plate (CTP).
Definition
Definition should include that computer-to-plate
• refers to technology that can impose an image directly from its digital format onto a plate without the need of film as an intermediary step
• incorporates the concept of first generation to current generation and include the costs and benefits of CTP.
Process/Skill Questions
• How has CTP changed the GIT industry? • How has CTP changed the use of chemicals? • Why has the use of CTP necessitated the retraining of workers? Task Number 77 Identify common quality issues found during the preflight process.
Definition
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Identification should include
• missing links • missing fonts • graphics linked in incorrect formats.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the most common issue discovered during a preflight operation? • When a problem is discovered, who decides whether it will be fixed for free by the printing company? Task Number 78 Create a manual checklist of possible quality issues.
Definition
Creation could include issues such as
• layouts • fonts • images • colors • trapping • effects.
Process/Skill Questions
• How would layouts, fonts, images, colors, trapping, and effects differ for a large commercial printing company vs. a small franchise printing operation? • Which quality issues would a printing company likely correct for free vs. charging the customer? • Which quality issues originate with customer-supplied files, and which quality issues originate with the printing company? Task Number 79 Describe the use of trapping an image for print.
Definition
Description should include that trapping is a process of creating slight overlaps between abutting color objects in the layout.
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Process/Skill Questions
• Why does a printed project produced on a web offset press require different amounts of trapping than a sheetfed offset press? • How will having no or very little trapping affect the appearance of a printed project? Task Number 80 Describe a folding dummy for print.
Definition
Description should include that a folding dummy is a folded paper example showing folding and pagination.
Process/Skill Questions
• What problems could an improperly created folding dummy cause in the binding and finishing area? • What stage of the production workflow is best for creating a folding dummy? • What is the advantage of creating a folding dummy using the same press sheet size as the final job? Understanding Type
Task Number 81 Explain the role of type as a design element in graphic communications.
Definition
Explanation should include
• legibility • readability.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it necessary to use type that is legible or readable?
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Task Number 82 Measure copy/text in points, using a line gauge.
Definition
Measurement of copy/text should be made using
• a line gauge to measure copy/text in points and picas • a common point size comparison gauge (type-sizing gauge) to measure type.
Process/Skill Questions
• When measuring copy/text, why is a line gauge easier to use than a standard ruler? • How is using an e-scale different from using a line gauge in measuring type?
Task Number 83 Explain measuring and designing with type.
Definition
Explanation should include the meaning of
• cap-height • x-height • mean-line • baseline • ascender • descender • kerning • tracking • leading and their roles in measuring and designing with type.
Process/Skill Questions
• What factors must be considered in designing and using type? • Why is 12-point type in one family not necessarily the same size as 12-point type in another family? Task Number 84
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Identify the physical characteristics of typographic characters.
Definition
Identification should include
• uppercase • lowercase • small caps • ligatures • glyphs • subscript • superscript.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are ligatures? Why are they of interest to typographers? • When would small caps be used rather than traditional upper or lower case?
Task Number 85 Describe dingbats, bullets, rules, and symbols and their uses in publications.
Definition
Description should include the meanings, uses, and origins of
• dingbats • bullets • rules • symbols.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to be able to find the appropriate dingbat, bullet, or symbol on each computer platform? • How do dingbats, bullets, rules, and symbols affect readability? • What are the potential problems when using dingbats, bullets, and symbols?
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Task Number 86 Distinguish between display (headline) type and body (text) type by their point sizes and styles.
Definition
Distinction should be made by comparative analysis of display type and body type, with regard to point size and styles.
Process/Skill Questions
• When is it appropriate to use display type, and when it is appropriate to use body type? • What part does type style play in readability? Task Number 87 Identify the basic type classifications and uses.
Definition
Identification should include basic types such as
• display • sans serif • serif • black letter • script • novelty and the uses of each.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why should one avoid using more than two types of fonts in a document? • Which fonts should not be used in all caps?
Task Number 88 Distinguish between serif and sans serif type styles.
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Definition
Distinction should include the differences between serif and sans serif type styles with regard to appearance and use.
Process/Skill Questions
• When is it appropriate to use a serif font rather than a sans serif font? • When is it appropriate to use a sans serif font rather than a serif font? • When is it appropriate to mix a sans serif and a serif in a document? • Which style would be more appropriate for text in online documents? Task Number 89 Explain tracking and kerning of type characteristics.
Definition
Explanation should include definitions, examples, and uses of tracking and kerning in GIT, as well as the similarities and differences between the two.
Process/Skill Questions
• How have word-processing and page-layout software simplified the process of manipulating tracking and kerning? • What are rivers of white? Why should they be avoided? Task Number 90 Explain word spacing and the relation of em and en in paragraph spacing.
Definition
Explanation should include
• purposes of word spacing • industry practices regarding word spacing • the relation of em and en in paragraph spacing.
Process/Skill Questions
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• How did the move from typewriting to electronic imaging change the adjustment of word spacing? • What is the difference between manually spacing vs. using an electronic em or en? • When performing electronic imaging, why is it inappropriate to put two spaces after a period? Task Number 91 Explain line spacing and the measurement principles for the leading of text.
Definition
Explanation should include the meaning and purpose of line spacing. It should also describe measurement principles for
• long and short lines of type • large and small type faces.
Process/Skill Questions
• Where did the term leading come from? How was leading originally used? • How does the use of a drop cap affect the leading of a document? Task Number 92 Describe type arrangements.
Definition
Description should include
• flush • ragged • initial character • flush left-ragged right • flush right-ragged left • centered • justified.
Process/Skill Questions
• When is it appropriate to use justified type rather than flush left in documents?
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• When is flush right used, and to what effect? Task Number 93 Explain the differences among types of fonts.
Definition
Explanation should include similarities and differences among
• TrueType • Type 1 • OpenType.
Process/Skill Questions
• How has type changed since the introduction of electronic imaging? • How does the use of PostScript fonts affect the design of a document? Task Number 94 Demonstrate the loading, displaying, and organizing of fonts, using a font-management software application.
Definition
Demonstration should include
• explanation of the process of font management • description of current font-management software applications (e.g., Suitcase, Adobe Type Manager) • demonstration of the use of font-management software (specified by operating system) to load, display, and organize fonts
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the possible consequences of not organizing one's fonts? • What are the benefits of using a font-management program?
Task Number 95
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Describe font substitution when outputting a printed page.
Definition
Description should include the process of using one font in the place of another when the intended font is not available or does not contain glyphs for the required characters.
Process/Skill Questions
• When does font substitution take place? • How can one tell whether the font has been replaced? • What steps could one take to ensure fonts are not replaced? Task Number 96 Assess the effectiveness of a communication piece using different applications of type.
Definition
Assessment should include the differences in appearance, legibility, and readability as font types/families are changed.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of using different type in the same design? • What are three physical factors that affect legibility? • Why is display type 14 points or larger? Performing Page-Layout Functions
Task Number 97 Describe office/home-based software applications.
Definition
Description should include
• Microsoft Office (i.e., Word, PowerPoint)
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• G Suite (i.e., Docs, Slides).
Process/Skill Questions
• What editing/proofing capabilities are useful in Microsoft Word? • When is it appropriate to use different software for design purposes? Task Number 98 Select appropriate page-layout software for a given job.
Definition
Selection should take into consideration
• advantages and disadvantages of different industry-standard page-layout software (e.g., Adobe InDesign) • input from a local advisory council as to appropriate industry-standard software • input from local printing companies as to appropriate software.
Process/Skill Questions
• How has the evolution of page-layout software changed the industry? • Why is it important to seek industry input when updating page-layout software? • What are the advantages and disadvantages of different page-layout programs? • How have capabilities for a given software package evolved over time? • What factors should be considered when updating software? Task Number 99 Demonstrate the use of a digital dictionary, spell checker, and automatic hyphenation.
Definition
Demonstration should include use the of
• a digital dictionary • a spell checker • automatic hyphenation and an explanation of the benefits and limitations of each.
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Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to check spelling when laying out a document? • What is the difference between an electronic dictionary and an electronic thesaurus? • What problems can occur when automatic hyphenation is set? • How does one determine who is responsible for spell-checking a document?
Task Number 100 Demonstrate a functional knowledge of computer menus and palettes within industry-standard software.
Definition
Demonstration should include the use of the
• file menu • edit menu • type menu • color palette • layers palette.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the advantages of using keyboard shortcuts? What keyboard shortcuts are particularly valuable in GIT? • Why is it important to know how to locate certain commands in specific applications?
Task Number 101 Demonstrate text alignment, element positioning, and rules of page design for printed matter.
Definition
Demonstration should include
• alignment, to include flush left, right, center, and justify • placement of graphics, rules, and boxes
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• methods of stacking graphic elements and graphics • use of body and display type • use of grids in design • optical center • purpose of design • proportion of elements • unity • contrast • column guides • gutters • margins.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to understand how the stacking of elements can affect the finished document? • How can the use of grids help in achieving balance and unity in a document?
Task Number 102 Proofread manuscript copy and make necessary corrections using basic proofreading marks.
Definition
Proofreading involves identifying standard proofreading marks and their correct meanings as well as reading and marking proof copy.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the reasons for using standard proofreading marks when proofreading a document? • What should a proofreader look for in a document? Task Number 103 Set up/select appropriate pagination for a given job.
Definition
Setup and selection should include explaining the rationale for
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• making decisions on types of pagination for different jobs • determining the best pagination for a given job as well as describing the
• type of equipment used • quantity needed • time required • use of the “Build Booklet” utility in Adobe InDesign and demonstrating how to set up/select the appropriate pagination for a given job.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is pagination? Why is it important in production printing? • What are the consequences of improper imposition? • What is creep? How does it affect imposition? Task Number 104 Set text with appropriate margins, formatting, gutters, and leading.
Definition
Setting text for a sample job should include correct
• margins • formatting • gutters • leading according to the job ticket/docket.
Process/Skill Questions
• What should be considered when setting margins, formatting, gutters, and leading? • How does varying the leading affect the readability of the document?
Task Number 105
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Import copy from a word-processing program to a page- layout program.
Definition
Importing of copy includes the placement of selected text from a word-processing software package into a page-layout software package (e.g., from Microsoft Word to Adobe InDesign).
Process/Skill Questions
• When importing text from a word-processing program, why is it important to check the results? • How do filters affect the ability to import files from a word-processing program into a page-layout program? Task Number 106 Produce a document using desired fonts, styles, margins, indents, tabs, and colors.
Definition
Production should include the use of appropriate word-processing or page-layout software to create a document using desired
• fonts • styles • margins • indents • tabs • colors.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to know how to use tabs correctly when creating a document? • What is the difference between using an indent and using a tab? • What are the advantages and disadvantages of using styles to create a document? Task Number 107 Describe a page break.
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Definition
Description should include that a page break is a code inserted by a software program, such as a word processor, that tells the printing device where to end the current page and begin the next.
Process/Skill Questions
• What software uses page break? • Why is page break the preferred method to end a document? Task Number 108 Describe widow and orphan formatting.
Definition
Description should include that the terms widow and orphan are used by designers to describe unwanted stray words in typography in specific locations on a page, such as
• widow—a lone word or short group of words that appears at the bottom of a paragraph, column, or page • orphan—a lone word or short group of words that appears at the top of a page.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the disadvantages of widow and orphan formatting? • How can one fix an orphan or a widow? Task Number 109 Demonstrate line-break formatting, including hyphenation, widow, and orphan control.
Definition
Demonstration should include
• line breaks • hyphenation • widow • orphan.
Process/Skill Questions
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• Why is it inappropriate to use hyphenations and widows? • How can one avoid hyphenations and widows?
Task Number 110 Assess proper line and page breaks, including hyphenation, widows, and orphans in an instructor-specified page.
Definition
Assessment should include
• line breaks • hyphenation • widows • orphans.
Process/Skill Questions
• How can the use of line breaks affect the readability of a document? • How does improper use of line breaks affect the quality of the printed text?
Task Number 111 Describe master pages.
Definition
Description should include that a master page is created in the pages menu and contains elements that repeat, such as
• page numbers • headers • footers • logos.
Process/Skill Questions
• How do master pages speed up workflow when creating files?
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• When is it appropriate to use master pages? Task Number 112 Demonstrate automatic folio numbering.
Definition
Demonstration should include the automatic process of applying a sequence of numbers to the pages of a book or other documents.
Process/Skill Questions
• What software uses automatic folio numbering? • When should one avoid using automatic folio numbering?
Task Number 113 Explain the purpose of style sheets.
Definition
Explanation should state that style sheets are a collection of formatting instructions that can be applied quickly.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why does it make sense to use a style sheet? • What are the consequences of not following a style sheet? Task Number 114 Identify the masthead (i.e., header and footer).
Definition
Identification should include that the masthead is the information printed at the top and bottom of every page.
Process/Skill Questions
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• Where might one find the masthead? • What information is often found in the masthead?
Task Number 115 Create a multiple page document using master pages, automatic folios, styles (e.g., character, paragraph, and object), masthead, and graphics.
Definition
Creation should include the design and production of a two-sided document, with graphics and text, using appropriate word-processing and/or page-layout software and ensuring the proper use of
• drop caps • page margins • column guides • master pages • imported images • proof reading, etc.
Process/Skill Questions
• When would it be appropriate to use master pages in creating a newsletter? • What are the procedures for finding and handling overflow text?
Task Number 116 Describe the use of a table in page layout software.
Definition
Description could include items such as calendars or mailing labels.
Process/Skill Questions
• What content can be included in a table? • When is it wise to include a table?
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Task Number 117 Create a document that includes tables.
Definition
Creation should include the use of a table.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does one insert a table? • Where would one insert a table to be viewed across the entire document?
Task Number 118 Explain the use of a graphic box in page layout software.
Definition
Explanation should include where images are placed in the document.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does a graphic box differ from a text box? • What information can be found in a graphic box? Task Number 119 Proofread, edit, and adjust copy on screen.
Definition
Copy should be proofread, edited, and corrected or adjusted as needed, using word-processing or page-layout software.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does soft proofing differ from hard proofing? • Why is it important to go beyond electronic grammar and spell checks when proofreading a document?
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Task Number 120 Import an image into a page-layout program.
Definition
Importing an image into a page-layout program should include selecting the image from its source, then positioning and placing it in the desired location, using page-layout software.
Process/Skill Questions
• When importing an image, why is it important to check the results? • How do filters affect the ability to import images into a page-layout program? Task Number 121 Demonstrate a procedure for cropping digital images.
Definition
Demonstration should include cropping images, using image-editing and page-layout software.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why and how is cropping properly used? • Why is it preferred to crop in an image-editing program rather than in a page-layout program?
Task Number 122 Create a two-sided, three-panel brochure, using graphics and text.
Definition
Demonstration should include the design and creation of a two-sided, three-panel brochure, with graphics and text, using appropriate word-processing and/or page-layout software and ensuring the use of
• page margins
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• column guides • master pages.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why should a three-panel brochure not be divided into three equal parts? • What are the advantages of creating a master page when laying out a three-panel brochure?
Task Number 123 Create a four-page newsletter, using windows, blocks, text, graphics, frames, headings, and imported graphics or logos.
Definition
Demonstration should include the design and creation of a four-page newsletter, with windows, blocks, text, graphics, frames, and headings using appropriate page-layout software and ensuring the use of
• page margins • column guides • master pages • imported photographs and logos.
Process/Skill Questions
• When would it be appropriate to use master pages in creating a newsletter? • What are the procedures for finding and handling overflow text?
Task Number 124 Define variable data printing.
Definition
Definition should state variable data printing is a digital printing process that enables quick and easy content changes at several points within a print run.
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Process/Skill Questions
• What software programs generate variable data? • How does variable data printing affect everyday life? Task Number 125 Explain the use of variable data in a printing project.
Definition
Explanation could include samples of variable data projects, such as mailers, numbering, addresses, prices, and products and services.
Process/Skill Questions
• Where is variable data used in a printing project? • When is variable data used in a printing piece? Task Number 126 Create a flat database with three categories in a spreadsheet application for use in a variable data project.
Definition
Creation could include name, address, and job title.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the most common items to include in variable data? • What are the consequences of using incompatible software in variable data?
Task Number 127 Design a document that has variable data fields for text and pictures using page layout software with variable data capabilities.
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Definition
Design could include text and pictures (e.g., Christmas cards, postcards, mailing labels, sales flyers).
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of including variable data in a document? • How might one compare variable data files to a standard print file? Task Number 128 Produce a variable data printing job on a digital press or production printer.
Definition
Production could include Christmas cards, postcards, mailing labels, and sales flyers.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does variable data printing differ from traditional printing? • What difficulties may occur during output of variable data files? • What difficulties may occur during output of the variable data files? Task Number 129 Create a two-page newsletter, using drop caps for paragraph openings, wrap-arounds (runarounds), and graphics.
Definition
Demonstration should include the use of word-processing and/or page-layout software to design and create a two-page newsletter, using drop caps for paragraph openings, wrap-arounds (runarounds), and graphics.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are drop caps? How are they created? • What are wrap-arounds/run-arounds? How are they used in document layout?
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Task Number 130 Create a printed piece, using tints, reverses, and manipulated type for effect.
Definition
Demonstration should include the use of appropriate word-processing and/or page-layout software to design and create a printed piece using tints, reverses, and manipulated type for effect.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why might it be inappropriate to use reversed type when large amounts of text are involved? • Why might a GIT professional manipulate type? How might he or she manipulate type? • When is it appropriate to use tints in creating a printed piece?
Task Number 131 Produce and output a multicolored flyer that includes at least two spot colors.
Definition
Production should include the use of appropriate word-processing and/or page-layout software to design and create a multicolored flyer by
• outputting individual spot color (at least two) • incorporating graphics and text • ensuring proper margins.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to know the final output device when creating a document with spot colors? • How could the output device affect the number of runs needed to produce the finished document? • What is the procedure for creating different spot colors in various page-layout programs?
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Task Number 132 Demonstrate the procedures for printing a proof to a monochrome and/or color laser printer or inkjet printer, using page-layout software.
Definition
Demonstration should include the following steps:
• Define monochrome laser printer and inkjet printer. • Print monochrome copy (check contrast, relative size of type fonts, and location of images on page; proofread copy). • Print color print (test for trap and choice of color; proofread copy). • Adjust as needed.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why is it important to produce a proof? • What should be considered when reviewing a proof? • What are the differences between printing to a monochrome printer and printing to an inkjet printer? Task Number 133 Export a press-ready PDF, using page-layout software.
Definition
Export should include identifying the difference between a scanned and a native PDF and exporting a press-ready PDF, using procedures for a specific software package.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the advantages of creating a press-ready PDF from the native application? • When would one use a smallest-file size PDF version rather than a press-quality PDF version to export a PDF? • When would one use a press-quality PDF version rather than a smallest-file size version? • When would one want to provide a native PDF and a scanned PDF? • What are the advantages and uses of native PDF files? Task Number 134
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Describe soft proofing and its advantages and disadvantages.
Definition
Description should include the definition of soft proofing—viewing a finished product on a monitor for accuracy, and the
• advantages o speed o efficiency o cost o ease of correction • disadvantages o inconsistency between monitors o monitor view may not reflect the actual finished quality of the printed piece. Process/Skill Questions
• How does an uncalibrated monitor affect a soft proof? • How is a soft proof delivered to the customer? • What circumstances would require the customer to see a hard proof rather than a soft proof? Performing Image Capture
Task Number 135 Identify the types of images used in the graphics industry.
Definition
Identification should include the meaning of line art, vector, raster, continuous-tone, and halftone images, examples of each, and the distinction between the types of images.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the differences between the types of images? • What is the process by which each type of image is created? Which software would be used to create the images? Task Number 136
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List professional image editing software applications.
Definition
List could include
• Adobe PhotoShop • CorelDRAW • Adobe Illustrator • Adobe InDesign.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the major differences between image editing software packages? Task Number 137 Identify types of graphics.
Definition
Identification should include
• line art • vector • raster • continuous tone.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are examples of each type of graphic? • What is the difference between vector and raster graphics?
Task Number 138 Compare examples of graphic file formats and their extensions.
Definition
Comparison should include
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• tagged image file format (.tiff) • encapsulated postscript (.eps) • bitmap (.bmp) • Adobe Photoshop document (.psd) • Joint Photographic experts Group (.jpg) • Adobe Illustrator document (.ai) • portable document format (.pd).
Process/Skill Questions
• Why would one use a TIFF format and a BMP format? • How are EPS and AI interchangeable? Task Number 139 Explain pixels per inch (PPI) resolution (i.e., display).
Definition
Explanation should include measuring units for image resolution.
Process/Skill Questions
• What does PPI mean? • How many PPIs are required to provide a clear image? Task Number 140 Explain dots per inch (DPI).
Definition
Explanation should refer to the output resolution of a printer or image setter.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is DPI? • When should one be concerned with DPI? Task Number 141
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Identify potential quality issues of improper relationships among PPI, DPI, and LPI on final output quality.
Definition
Identification should include
• fuzzy image • distorted image • slow processing.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the quality issues of improper relationships? • How does one correct quality issues?
Task Number 142 Describe color bit depth.
Definition
Description should include the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel in a bitmap image.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is color bit depth? • How does one set color bit depth? Task Number 143 Create correct depth and resolution files of line art and continuous-tone images using a scanner.
Definition
Creation should include examples of line art and continuous-tone originals.
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Process/Skill Questions
• What is a continuous-tone image? • How does one correct poor resolution? Task Number 144 Describe various camera components and settings used while capturing images.
Definition
Description should include
• aperture • shutter speed • image resolution • white balance.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the various camera components? • What setting is used when capturing an image? Task Number 145 Explain the use of optical character recognition (OCR).
Definition
Explanation should include software used to scan a document and convert to editable text.
Process/Skill Questions
• When is OCR required? • How accurate is typical OCR software when used to convert to editable text? Task Number 146 Use OCR software to capture printed text.
Definition
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Use should include software used to scan a document and convert it to editable text.
Process/Skill Questions
• Which OCR software is most commonly used? Task Number 147 Capture a digital image using a scanner and another image- capture device.
Definition
Capture should include using a scanner and another optical image-capture device (e.g., smartphone, digital camera, camcorder) according to manufacturer’s instructions and using any relevant software.
Process/Skill Questions
• When would an optical image-capture device rather than a scanner be used to capture an image? • When would a scanner rather than an optical device be used to capture an image? • What effect does the quality of the original image have on the finished captured image? Task Number 148 Describe International Color Consortium (ICC) profiles and their use.
Definition
Description should incorporate the following concepts:
• ICC profile stands for International Color Consortium. • ICC is the organization that sets international standards for color management. • An ICC profile is a set of settings that ensures consistency of colors among given output devices.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why are ICC profiles important to the industry? • What is the result of not having ICC profiles? • What factors affect ICC profiles?
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Task Number 149 Demonstrate the ability to color-convert RGB images into CMYK using ICC profiles.
Definition
Demonstration should include selecting ICC profiles to change RGB to CMYK and giving the rationale for doing so (i.e., the color gamut will change when going from RGB to CMYK).
Process/Skill Questions
• Why must a color document be changed from RGB to CMYK before sending it to a commercial printer? • What happens if an RGB image is not changed to CMYK?
Task Number 150 Demonstrate the importing of scanned digital images into page-layout software.
Definition
Demonstration should include selecting the appropriate digital image and placing the image into an appropriate program file.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the difference between importing a scanned image using the text tool and importing the image using the item/direct selection tool?
Exploring Photo Imaging Software
Task Number 151
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Download a digital image from a free stock photography website; resize and resample according to specifications.
Definition
Downloading could include accessing a free stock image website, resizing, and resampling.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does one download a stock photo? • How does one resize a stock photo?
Task Number 152 Describe the use of layers, selections, and channels in an image editing software program.
Definition
Description should include that layers, selections, and channels allow easy access to individual elements within a complex design.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is a layer? • What is a channel? Task Number 153 Use layers, selections, and channels to edit a color photograph in an image editing software program.
Definition
Use should include the manipulation of colors in foreground and background.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are examples of image editing software programs?
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Task Number 154 Describe image cloning.
Definition
Description should include the duplication of content selection.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is image cloning? • What software program should one use for image cloning? Task Number 155 Use an image editing software program to perform image cloning.
Definition
Use should include performing image cloning in a photo imaging program.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is copy-and-paste image cloning?
Task Number 156 Describe unsharp masking.
Definition
Description should include how an image-sharpening technique is performed.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is unsharp masking? • When should one use unsharp masking?
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Task Number 157 Use an image editing software program to perform varying degrees of unsharp masking.
Definition
Use should include an image editing software program to modify a photo using unsharp masking techniques.
Process/Skill Questions
• What software uses unsharp masking? • What are the degrees of unsharp masking?
Task Number 158 Explain capabilities of adjusting contrast (i.e., tone reproduction) in an image editing software program.
Definition
Explanation should include how image editing software uses contrast.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is tone reproduction? • How does one adjust tone reproduction in software? Task Number 159 Use an image editing software program to perform contrast adjustments (tone reproduction) on a color image.
Definition
Use should include imaging editing software and making contrast (tone reproduction) adjustments to a color image.
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Process/Skill Questions
• How does one create an image using tone reproduction? • What are the steps used in creating an image using tone production?
Task Number 160 Describe capabilities of adjusting color balance (gray balance) in an image editing software program.
Definition
Description should include altering the color of an image to achieve a neutral gray.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is gray balance? • What are the capabilities in adjusting gray balance? Task Number 161 Use an image editing software program to perform color balance (gray balance) adjustments on a color image.
Definition
Use should include altering the color of an image to achieve a neutral gray.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does one adjust gray balance using Photoshop? • What are the steps involved in performing color balance?
Understanding Color Management
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Task Number 162 Describe the role of color management in a print workflow.
Definition
Description should include a systematic approach to color conversions from input to output devices.
Process/Skill Questions
• What size printing company most commonly uses color management? • What differences occur in color-quality reproduction when no color management is used vs. a fully implemented (prepress to press) color management system is used? Task Number 163 Describe color management techniques used in different steps of a print workflow.
Definition
Description should include
• monitor • proofer • digital press • offset press • wide-format inkjet press.
Process/Skill Questions
• Which devices take the longest to calibrate? • Which devices need to be calibrated most frequently? Task Number 164 Compare color gamut capabilities of devices used in a print workflow.
Definition
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Comparison should include
• monitor • proofer • digital press • offset press • wide format inkjet press.
Process/Skill Questions
• How is the color gamut of each device performed? • Why does a digital display have a wider color gamut than an offset press? Task Number 165 Explain the use of an ICC profile in a print workflow.
Definition
Explanation should include the ICC profile as a numerical description of the color reproduction characteristics of different devices.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the disadvantage of using an ICC profile supplied by a vendor vs. creating one’s own profile? • What requires an ICC profile to be generated from an offset press? Task Number 166 Describe conversion limitations of the RGB color model to the CMYK color model.
Definition
Description should include the limitations of digital display (i.e., soft proof) vs. print (i.e., hard proof).
Process/Skill Questions
• When is an accurate conversion of Pantone color to CMYK not possible? • What causes Pantone to yield a greater color consistency than CMYK?
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Task Number 167 Describe under color removal (UCR).
Definition
Description should include the electronic technique of replacing CMYK with black (K) toner or ink.
Process/Skill Questions
• What UCR technique is more commonly used during the offset or digital printing process? • What is the most likely graphic (e.g., light, dark, saturated color, muted color) to benefit from UCR? Task Number 168 Describe gray component replacement (GCR).
Definition
Description should include the electronic technique of replacing CMYK with K toner or ink in the shadow areas.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the visual difference when printing the same image using UCR vs. GCR? • What is the advantage of using GCR in a digital process? Task Number 169 Demonstrate calibration of a color monitor to manufacturer’s specifications.
Definition
Demonstration should include the color calibration of a monitor and using software and hardware devices.
Process/Skill Questions
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• How often should a color monitor be calibrated? • Which monitors within a printing company should be calibrated?
Task Number 170 Demonstrate calibration of a color proofer to manufacturer’s specifications.
Definition
Demonstration should include the color calibration of color proofing equipment (e.g., copier, printer) using a software and hardware device.
Process/Skill Questions
• How long does it typically take to perform a calibration?
Working with Illustration Software
Task Number 171 List the capabilities of professional illustration software applications.
Definition
List should include creating and modifying vector images.
Process/Skill Questions
• What software applications are available? • What software applications are available for Windows users and Apple users? Task Number 172
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Convert a bitmap image to a vector.
Definition
Conversion should reveal the automatic tracing (e.g., live tracing, power tracing) of a bitmap/raster image.
Process/Skill Questions
• Why would one need to convert a bitmap to a vector format? • When would a vector graphic format be preferable to a bitmap?
Task Number 173 Demonstrate the use of keyboard shortcuts/menus.
Definition
Demonstration should include
• an explanation of keyboard shortcuts and their uses • examples of basic keyboard shortcuts and menus • the use of basic keyboard shortcuts and menus to accomplish illustration-related GIT tasks.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does the ability to use keyboard shortcuts when working with illustrations influence productivity? • Why is it important to be familiar with all menu options on the computer? • What are the most frequently used keyboard shortcuts? • What basic functions do not have a keyboard shortcut?
Task Number 174 Create a design appropriate for a given job, using an illustration program.
Definition
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Creation of a design should include the use of an illustration software package such as Adobe Illustrator, Freehand, or CorelDRAW to produce an original graphic appropriate for a job.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does drawing a design on a computer differ from drawing a design by hand on paper? • What are the advantages of creating a design on the computer rather than on paper? Are there any advantages to creating a design on paper rather than on the computer? • Why are the dimensions important when the image is being created? Task Number 175 Create a design using tints and fills for a given job, using an illustration program.
Definition
Creation of the design should include
• demonstrating examples of tints and fills • creating tints and fills, using various graphic programs, including page-layout programs • creating a project that incorporates tints and fills.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the difference between a tint and a fill? • What is the difference between tinting a stroke and tinting a fill? Task Number 176 Create a design using manipulated type (e.g., rotated, circled, extended) for a publication.
Definition
Creation of a design using manipulated type should include
• identifying applications that allow the manipulation of type (e.g., Adobe Illustrator, FreeHand, TypeStyler) • identifying differences among rotated, circled, extended, and other manipulated type • creating a finished product that uses manipulated type.
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Process/Skill Questions
• When creating manipulated text, why is it important to change it to outlines before importing to a page-layout program? • What effects can be created with various kinds of manipulated type? In what situations would these manipulations be used? • How does type manipulation affect readability? • What issues could arise if manipulated fonts are not converted to curves before being moved to another application or computer? Task Number 177 Trace a drawing/photograph, using an illustration program.
Definition
Tracing should include
• identifying what a tracing option/program does • identifying when to use the tracing option/program • providing examples of tracing programs • using a tracing option/program to trace a drawing or photograph.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the purpose of tracing a drawing? • How is tracing a drawing the similar to and different from tracing a photograph?
Task Number 178 Edit an existing piece of electronic clip art.
Definition
Editing should include
• a definition of electronic art • identification of locations of electronic clip art (e.g., Internet, commercial clip-art packages) • locating and adhering to relevant copyright restrictions • use of existing electronic clip art to create a design/publication that includes an edited version of the existing art.
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Process/Skill Questions
• What are the copyright considerations when using images from the Internet? • What problems can occur when downloading images from the Internet? Working with the Portable Document Format (PDF)
Task Number 179 Describe the PDF.
Definition
Description should include
• the definition of portable document format • that a PDF document is in a format independent of the application that originally created it and is therefore not subject to change or corruption when delivered over the Internet or to other digital media.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the difference among the basic kinds of PDF (i.e., smallest file format, standard format, press quality, print quality)? • How is this difference important in the workflow? Task Number 180 Explain why PDF has become an integral part of the printing industry.
Definition
Explanation should include the concept that PDF has brought uniformity and standardization of file format for transfer from computer to computer.
Process/Skill Questions
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• What circumstances would require a customer to supply PDF files and/or native files? • Why is standardization of file format so important to the printing industry? Task Number 181 List the advantages and disadvantages of PDF.
Definition
List should include
• advantages o viewable without the native application by any computer system o can embed fonts and images • disadvantages o inappropriate in cases where editing is necessary. Process/Skill Questions
• Why would a print professional want to save a file in PDF? • Would a print professional want to receive a customer's file in PDF? Task Number 182 Demonstrate how to make changes to an existing PDF file.
Definition
Demonstration should include the use of software capable of editing a PDF (e.g., Foxit, OpenOffice).
Process/Skill Questions
• What are popular PDF editors in today’s graphic imaging technology industry? • How can one protect PDF files from editing? • What should be considered before editing a PDF? What constraints may exist when editing different PDF files?
Task Number 183 Explain the various methods in which PDFs are created.
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Definition
Explanation should include
• Print to PDF menu • File export to PDF menu • Save as • creation settings for PDF (i.e., resolution, page size, font inclusion).
Process/Skill Questions
• What method for creating PDFs (Print to PDF menu; File export to PDF menu; Save as) is preferable to the others? Task Number 184 Demonstrate how to import a PDF of an InDesign file.
Definition
Demonstration should include
• exporting a PDF from an InDesign file, embedding fonts and artwork • checking the copyright of fonts and artwork • importing the PDF on a different computer, using a flash drive • printing the file.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are some errors to look for when importing a PDF of an InDesign file? • What is the importance of embedding fonts and artwork?
Task Number 185 Distinguish among a PDF, PDF/X-1a, and PDF/X-3 file.
Definition
Distinction should emphasize the following:
• PDF/X-1a and PDF/X-3 are two types of PDF/X, which is a subset of the PDF international standard.
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• PDF/X-1a is a type of PDF that restricts the content not directly serving the quality of print production output. In PDF/X-1, fonts must be embedded, and all images must be CMYK or spot colors. • PDF/X-3 is a type of PDF similar to PDF/X-1a with relation to color management and ICC profiles embedded in the PDF.
Process/Skill Questions
• When would it be important to save a file as a PDF/X-1a rather than a PDF? • When would it be important to save a file as a PDF/X-3 rather than a PDF?
Task Number 186 Describe the differences among a press-quality PDF, a print- quality PDF, and the smallest-file size PDF.
Definition
Description should include differences among the following types of PDF in terms of file- delivery needs:
• Press-quality PDF (used when printing the file to a high-quality printing press) • Print-quality PDF (used with printing the file to a desktop printer) • Smallest-file size PDF (used with sending the file over the Internet or viewing on a monitor)
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the difference among the basic PDF types (smallest file format, standard format, press quality, print quality)? • How is the difference among the PDF types important in the graphic imaging workflow? Digital File Output
Task Number 187 Output to Fiery Digital Print Solutions–EFI.
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Definition
Output should include using the Command WorkStation to
• turn a file into a booklet • run multiple-up • adjust color • select paper • insert cover.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the reasons for using Fiery Digital Print Solutions–EFI over outputting directly to a digital printer (i.e., copier)? • What are some of the operations that can be performed in Command WorkStation?
Task Number 188 Output to a wide-format printer.
Definition
Output could include
• die-cut labels and decals • banners • vehicle wraps • signs • fine art • photos and murals • color print/cut heat transfers.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the advantages and disadvantages of the file formats used to print on a wide- format printer (i.e., JPEG, PDF, and EPS)? • What are operations that can be performed on a wide-format printer? What are the steps needed to perform them?
Task Number 189
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Output to digital production printers (i.e., black-and-white and color copiers).
Definition
Output should include
• describing a paper jam and how to clear it • changing toner, waste bottle, and/or staples • making a service call • setting paper by size, weight, color, and type • performing additional operations, based on printer capabilities.
Process/Skill Questions
• How would one use a sublimation printer in marketing a business? • What are safety precautions one should follow when working with a sublimation printer?
Task Number 190 Output to a sublimation printer.
Definition
Output should include
• creating or inputting artwork, using a graphics program • printing the image using sublimation inks, a standard printer design for sublimation printing, and high-quality sublimation paper in mirror image • transferring the image onto a variety of substrates, using a standard flatbed or mug heat press (e.g., interior signs, ceramic tiles, photo panels, T-shirts, coffee mugs, ornaments).
Process/Skill Questions
• How would one use a sublimation printer in marketing a business? • What are some of the safety precautions one should follow when working with a sublimation printer?
Task Number 191
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Output to a direct-to-garment printer or embroidery machine.
Definition
Output could include printing
• T-shirts • sweatshirts • towels • fabric.
Process/Skill Questions
• When would one use direct-to-garment printing over screen printing? Is there a cost break-even point to help make this decision? • How will direct-to-garment printing likely evolve in the next five years to ten years?
Task Number 192 Output to a cutting plotter.
Definition
Output should include
• differentiating between heat-transfer vinyl and vinyl sign film and their uses • explaining the difference in the varieties of heat-transfer vinyl (i.e., specifications, materials, heat application, care instructions) • explaining the difference in the varieties of vinyl sign film (i.e., specifications, materials, care instructions) • using design software to go direct from file to plotter • cutting a one-color and a multiple-color logo with tight registration in both types of vinyl.
Process/Skill Questions
• When would heat-transfer film for garments be preferable to other processes? • When is vinyl sign film the preferred option?
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Task Number 193 Compare direct to plate vs. direct to press.
Definition
Comparison should include CTP options vs. direct-to-plate (DTP) options.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the strengths and weakness of direct to plate vs. direct to press? • What are the cost benefits of each? Task Number 194 Describe the characteristics of plate material for offset printing.
Definition
Description should include
• paper • plastic • metal.
Process/Skill Questions
• Which plate is best for long press runs? • Which plate is chemical free? When would one use a plate made of paper? • How would the length of the press run determine the choice of plate material used for a job? Task Number 195 Describe the capabilities, specifications, and functions of a platesetter.
Definition
Description should include the production of a plastic or metal plate that can be mounted to a press.
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Process/Skill Questions
• What factors should be considered when choosing to use a platesetter? • How are plates exposed and developed on a platesetter? Task Number 196 Create a flowchart of workflow steps when outputting to an offset press.
Definition
Creation of a flowchart should include steps to produce a product on an offset press.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the steps to produce a job on an offset press? Task Number 197 Create a flowchart of workflow steps when outputting to digital press.
Definition
Creation of a flowchart should include steps to produce a product on a digital press.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does the digital workflow utilize electronic files? • How does preflighting affect production on a digital press? Task Number 198 Describe a print queue.
Definition
Description should include a list of printer output jobs held in a reserved memory area.
Process/Skill Questions
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• What settings can an operator control in the print queue? • How can a print queue increase productivity in a company? Task Number 199 Explain how print queues can be optimized by a digital press operator.
Definition
Explanation should include shortened production time.
Process/Skill Questions
• How can set-up time be minimized? • How can production times be increased? • What typical inline finishing features can be assigned in one’s print queue? • How would a digital press operator make an efficient schedule maximizing the print queue? Task Number 200 Identify quality control marks.
Definition
Identification should include
• register marks • trim marks • fold lines • color bars.
Process/Skill Questions
• How are trim marks used with a cutter? • How can fold lines be applied on the folder? • When should a designer use trim marks, registration marks, bleed and color bars?
Task Number 201
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Explain tone value increase (TVI) and its effect on printed materials.
Definition
Explanation should include the compensation for increased dot sizes (i.e., dot gain) on a press.
Process/Skill Questions
• How does the press operator take substrate into account for possible dot gain? • What steps in the prepress could help manage dot gain? • How do color bars help the press operator monitor quality? • How does the substrate affect dot gain? Task Number 202 Describe quality control measurement devices.
Definition
Description should include
• densitometer • colorimeter • plate readers • spectrophotometer.
Process/Skill Questions
• What two types of densitometers are commonly used in graphic reproduction? • What measuring device is used to determine color values? • Why is it important to use a measurement device for quality control? • How do these devices measure consistency? • What measuring device is used to determine color values? Task Number 203 Describe print lab quality process control SOP.
Definition
Description should include industry standards for all finished products.
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Process/Skill Questions
• What are the consequences of not having SOPs in the print lab? • What are three operating procedures that may affect personal safety? Task Number 204 Describe print industry specifications.
Definition
Description should include
• Specifications for Web Offset Publications (SWOP) • Specifications for Newsprint Advertising Production (SNAP) • General Requirements for Applications in Commercial Offset Lithography (GRACoL) • Flexographic Image Reproduction Specifications and Tolerances (FIRST).
Process/Skill Questions
• What areas of graphic communications are covered under SWOP? • What does G7 stand for, and what is it? Understanding Mathematics and Measurement
Task Number 205 Solve the division of two- and three-digit decimal problems.
Definition
Solving could include
• converting a 30-inch length to points • calculating the monthly cost of software that is leased for $263 per year.
Process/Skill Questions
• What are the steps for determining reduction and enlargement percentages?
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• How has technology affected copy reduction and enlargement? • How does one determine the aspect ratio for images? • What characteristics limit the amount of enlargement and reduction that can be achieved with certain images?
Task Number 206 Solve decimals-to-percent conversion problems.
Definition
Solving could include calculating the total number of blank pages in a 300-page book if 84 percent are printed.
Process/Skill Questions
• What is the importance of accurate measurement of printing materials? • What situations might require linear dimensions to be measured in a printing lab? • What are potential adverse effects of measuring incorrectly on print jobs?
Task Number 207 Solve basic linear measurement problems.
Definition
Solving could include calculating the number of inches in a poster that is 2.4 feet long.
Process/Skill Questions
• What circumstances might require basic linear measurement in GIT operations? • How do differing systems of linear measurement affect GIT operations? • What factors may contribute to imprecision in cost calculation for a given printing job? • Why is it important to be able to estimate costs, measurements, and other calculations common to the GIT industry? • How can accurate estimation influence materials and time for a given printing job? • How can accurate estimation influence client relations?
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SOL Correlation by Task
Identify the location(s) and proper use of emergency alarms, fire English: 11.5, 12.5 extinguishers, and other fire safety equipment in the facility. History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 List the safety rules involving flammable liquids. English: 11.6, 12.6
History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 List the steps to be taken in case of an injury in the lab. English: 11.6, 12.6
History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 Identify the location(s) of first-aid kit(s) and eye-wash station(s). History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 Interpret a safety data sheet (SDS). English: 11.5, 12.5
History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 Describe personal protective equipment (PPE) where needed. English: 11.5, 12.5
History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 Identify safety considerations when using a computer-to-plate English: 11.5, 12.5 (CTP), digital production printer, digital press, or other type of equipment. History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8 Describe safety procedures appropriate when operating various English: 11.5, 12.5 equipment. History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
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Science: CH.1 Describe the approved lab dress code for safe operation, including English: 11.5, 12.5 personal protective equipment (PPE). History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 Pass a general lab safety test with a score of 100 percent. History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 Demonstrate compliance with approved methods for the History and Social collection and disposal or recycling of waste materials. Science: GOVT.15
Science: CH.1 Follow instructions on warning labels. English: 11.5, 12.5
History and Social Science: GOVT.9 Identify the safety color code. History and Social Science: GOVT.9, VUS.8, WHII.8 Comply with school graphics lab rules and regulations. English: 11.5, 12.5
History and Social Science: VUS.8, WHII.8
Science: CH.1 Interpret production information on a job docket/ticket. English: 11.5, 12.5 Differentiate among line art, continuous-tone images, and English: 11.5, 12.5 halftone images. Identify basic process-color principles and kinds of four-color English: 11.5, 12.5 printing. Explain four-color printing vs. four-color process. English: 11.3, 11.5, 12.3, 12.5 Define PostScript. English: 11.3, 11.5, 12.3, 12.5 Describe word-processing, illustration, image-editing, and page- English: 11.5, 12.5 layout software. Produce a single-color document, using desired fonts, styles, English: 11.1, 12.1 margins, indents, and tabs. Select appropriate software for illustration, image editing, and page layout. Prepare a series of hand-drawn sketches or computer-generated English: 11.2, 12.2 layouts, incorporating appropriate notes and printer marks. Define removable storage media. English: 11.3, 12.3
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Define file transfer protocol (FTP). English: 11.3, 12.3 Describe computer networking within a work environment. English: 11.5, 12.5 Demonstrate the transfer of files within a network. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe disaster recovery file backup options. Demonstrate a file backup. Demonstrate the use of a file compression utility for file storage or transfer. Describe metadata. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain the importance of metadata in managing media files. English: 11.5, 12.5 Use metadata for digital asset management. English: 11.5, 12.5 Define preflighting and packaging. English: 11.3, 12.3 Demonstrate preflighting and packaging a native file, using application software and/or a manual checklist. Demonstrate preflighting a portable document format (PDF) file, using application software and/or a manual checklist. Describe a raster image processer (RIP). English: 11.5, 12.5 Define computer-to-plate (CTP). English: 11.3, 12.3 Identify common quality issues found during the preflight English: 11.5, 12.5 process. Create a manual checklist of possible quality issues. English: 11.6, 12.6 Describe the use of trapping an image for print. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe a folding dummy for print. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain the role of type as a design element in graphic English: 11.5, 12.5 communications. Measure copy/text in points, using a line gauge. Explain measuring and designing with type. English: 11.5, 12.5 Identify the physical characteristics of typographic characters. Describe dingbats, bullets, rules, and symbols and their uses in English: 11.5, 12.5 publications. Distinguish between display (headline) type and body (text) type English: 11.5, 12.5 by their point sizes and styles. Identify the basic type classifications and uses. Distinguish between serif and sans serif type styles. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain tracking and kerning of type characteristics. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain word spacing and the relation of em and en in paragraph English: 11.5, 12.5 spacing. Explain line spacing and the measurement principles for the English: 11.5, 12.5 leading of text. Describe type arrangements. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain the differences among types of fonts. English: 11.5, 12.5 Demonstrate the loading, displaying, and organizing of fonts, using a font-management software application. Describe font substitution when outputting a printed page. English: 11.5, 12.5 Assess the effectiveness of a communication piece using different English: 11.2, 12.2 applications of type.
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Describe office/home-based software applications. English: 11.5, 12.5 Select appropriate page-layout software for a given job. English: 11.2, 12.2 Demonstrate the use of a digital dictionary, spell checker, and automatic hyphenation. Demonstrate a functional knowledge of computer menus and palettes within industry-standard software. Demonstrate text alignment, element positioning, and rules of page design for printed matter. Proofread manuscript copy and make necessary corrections using English: 11.7, 12.7 basic proofreading marks. Set up/select appropriate pagination for a given job. English: 11.5, 12.5 Set text with appropriate margins, formatting, gutters, and leading. Import copy from a word-processing program to a page-layout English: 11.2, 12.2 program. Produce a document using desired fonts, styles, margins, indents, English: 11.2, 12.2 tabs, and colors. Describe a page break. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe widow and orphan formatting. English: 11.5, 12.5 Demonstrate line-break formatting, including hyphenation, widow, and orphan control. Assess proper line and page breaks, including hyphenation, widows, and orphans in an instructor-specified page. Describe master pages. English: 11.5, 12.5 Demonstrate automatic folio numbering. Explain the purpose of style sheets. English: 11.5, 12.5 Identify the masthead (i.e., header and footer). Create a multiple page document using master pages, automatic folios, styles (e.g., character, paragraph, and object), masthead, and graphics. Describe the use of a table in page layout software. English: 11.5, 12.5 Create a document that includes tables. Explain the use of a graphic box in page layout software. English: 11.5, 12.5 Proofread, edit, and adjust copy on screen. English: 11.7, 12.7 Import an image into a page-layout program. English: 11.2, 12.2 Demonstrate a procedure for cropping digital images. Create a two-sided, three-panel brochure, using graphics and text. Create a four-page newsletter, using windows, blocks, text, graphics, frames, headings, and imported graphics or logos. Define variable data printing. English: 11.3, 12.3 Explain the use of variable data in a printing project. English: 11.5, 12.5 Create a flat database with three categories in a spreadsheet application for use in a variable data project.
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Design a document that has variable data fields for text and English: 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, pictures using page layout software with variable data 12.2 capabilities. Produce a variable data printing job on a digital press or English: 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, production printer. 12.2 Create a two-page newsletter, using drop caps for paragraph openings, wrap-arounds (runarounds), and graphics. Create a printed piece, using tints, reverses, and manipulated type for effect. Produce and output a multicolored flyer that includes at least two English: 11.1, 11.2, 12.1, spot colors. 12.2 Demonstrate the procedures for printing a proof to a monochrome English: 11.3, 12.3 and/or color laser printer or inkjet printer, using page-layout software. Export a press-ready PDF, using page-layout software. English: 11.2, 12.2 Describe soft proofing and its advantages and disadvantages. English: 11.5, 12.5 Identify the types of images used in the graphics industry. English: 11.5, 12.5 List professional image editing software applications. English: 11.6, 12.6 Identify types of graphics. Compare examples of graphic file formats and their extensions. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain pixels per inch (PPI) resolution (i.e., display). English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain dots per inch (DPI). English: 11.5, 12.5 Identify potential quality issues of improper relationships among PPI, DPI, and LPI on final output quality. Describe color bit depth. English: 11.5, 12.5 Create correct depth and resolution files of line art and English: 11.2, 12.2 continuous-tone images using a scanner. Describe various camera components and settings used while English: 11.5, 12.5 capturing images. Explain the use of optical character recognition (OCR). English: 11.5, 12.5 Use OCR software to capture printed text. English: 11.2, 12.2 Capture a digital image using a scanner and another image- English: 11.2, 12.2 capture device. Describe International Color Consortium (ICC) profiles and their English: 11.5, 12.5 use. Demonstrate the ability to color-convert RGB images into CMYK using ICC profiles. Demonstrate the importing of scanned digital images into page- layout software. Download a digital image from a free stock photography website; resize and resample according to specifications. Describe the use of layers, selections, and channels in an image English: 11.5, 12.5 editing software program. Use layers, selections, and channels to edit a color photograph in English: 11.2, 12.2 an image editing software program.
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Describe image cloning. English: 11.5, 12.5 Use an image editing software program to perform image cloning. Describe unsharp masking. English: 11.5, 12.5 Use an image editing software program to perform varying degrees of unsharp masking. Explain capabilities of adjusting contrast (i.e., tone reproduction) English: 11.5, 12.5 in an image editing software program. Use an image editing software program to perform contrast adjustments (tone reproduction) on a color image. Describe capabilities of adjusting color balance (gray balance) in English: 11.5, 12.5 an image editing software program. Use an image editing software program to perform color balance (gray balance) adjustments on a color image. Describe the role of color management in a print workflow. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe color management techniques used in different steps of English: 11.5, 12.5 a print workflow. Compare color gamut capabilities of devices used in a print English: 11.5, 12.5 workflow. Explain the use of an ICC profile in a print workflow. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe conversion limitations of the RGB color model to the English: 11.5, 12.5 CMYK color model. Describe under color removal (UCR). English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe gray component replacement (GCR). English: 11.5, 12.5 Demonstrate calibration of a color monitor to manufacturer’s specifications. Demonstrate calibration of a color proofer to manufacturer’s specifications. List the capabilities of professional illustration software English: 11.6, 12.6 applications. Convert a bitmap image to a vector. Demonstrate the use of keyboard shortcuts/menus. Create a design appropriate for a given job, using an illustration English: 11.1, 12.1 program. Create a design using tints and fills for a given job, using an English: 11.1, 12.1 illustration program. Create a design using manipulated type (e.g., rotated, circled, English: 11.1, 12.1 extended) for a publication. Trace a drawing/photograph, using an illustration program. Edit an existing piece of electronic clip art. English: 11.3, 11.7, 12.3, 12.7 Describe the PDF. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain why PDF has become an integral part of the printing English: 11.5, 12.5 industry. List the advantages and disadvantages of PDF. English: 11.6, 12.6
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Demonstrate how to make changes to an existing PDF file. Explain the various methods in which PDFs are created. English: 11.5, 12.5 Demonstrate how to import a PDF of an InDesign file. Distinguish among a PDF, PDF/X-1a, and PDF/X-3 file. Describe the differences among a press-quality PDF, a print- English: 11.5, 12.5 quality PDF, and the smallest-file size PDF. Output to Fiery Digital Print Solutions–EFI. Output to a wide-format printer. Output to digital production printers (i.e., black-and-white and color copiers). Output to a sublimation printer. Output to a direct-to-garment printer or embroidery machine. Output to a cutting plotter. Compare direct to plate vs. direct to press. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe the characteristics of plate material for offset printing. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe the capabilities, specifications, and functions of a English: 11.5, 12.5 platesetter. Create a flowchart of workflow steps when outputting to an offset English: 11.6, 12.6 press. Create a flowchart of workflow steps when outputting to digital English: 11.6, 12.6 press. Describe a print queue. English: 11.5, 12.5 Explain how print queues can be optimized by a digital press English: 11.5, 12.5 operator. Identify quality control marks. Explain tone value increase (TVI) and its effect on printed English: 11.5, 12.5 materials. Describe quality control measurement devices. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe print lab quality process control SOP. English: 11.5, 12.5 Describe print industry specifications. English: 11.5, 12.5 Solve the division of two- and three-digit decimal problems. Solve decimals-to-percent conversion problems. Solve basic linear measurement problems. Teaching Resources
• American Amateur Press Association. http://www.aapainfo.org • CareerSafe. http://www.careersafeonline.com/ • Careers in Graphic Communications: A Student’s Guide. (Web video). Printing Industries of America. http://www.printing.org/page/4329 • Color Matters. J.L. Morton. http://www.colormatters.com • GAERF Graphic Arts Education and Research Foundation. http://www.gaerf.org/ • Graphic Comm Central. Gateway to the Graphic Communications Industry for Students and Educators. GAERF. http://www.graphiccommcentral.org/
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• Graphic Communications Skills Competencies. GAERF, 2014. http://graphiccommcentral.org/gcsc/ • International Graphic Arts Education Association. http://www.igaea.org/ • Printing & Graphics Association MidAtlantic. http://www.pgama.com/ • Printing Industries of America. http://www.printing.org • United States Copyright Office. http://www.copyright.gov/ • Virginia Career View. http://www.vacareerview.org/ SkillsUSA Information
SkillsUSA, the co-curricular student organization for Trade and Industrial Education, provides many opportunities through its program for students to apply the knowledge, skills, and processes learned in a variety of courses.
National SkillsUSA: http://skillsusa.org
Virginia SkillsUSA: http://www.skillsusava.org/
Email contact for State Advisor SkillsUSA: [email protected] Entrepreneurship Infusion Units
Entrepreneurship Infusion Units may be used to help students achieve additional, focused competencies and enhance the validated tasks/competencies related to identifying and starting a new business venture. Because the unit is a complement to certain designated courses and is not mandatory, all tasks/competencies are marked “optional.”
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Appendix: Credentials, Course Sequences, and Career Cluster Information
Industry Credentials: Only apply to 36-week courses
• 3D Visualization & Animation Examination • Adobe Certified Associate (ACA) Examinations • Avid Certified Professional for Media Composer Certification Examination • Avid Certified User for Media Composer Certification Examination • College and Work Readiness Assessment (CWRA+) • Customer Service Examination • Customer Service Specialist (CSS) Examination • Desktop Publishing Certification - 3D Max Test • Graphic Production Technology Assessment • National Career Readiness Certificate Assessment • PrintED Certification Examinations • Professional Communications Certification Examination • Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination
Concentration sequences: A combination of this course and those below, equivalent to two 36-week courses, is a concentration sequence. Students wishing to complete a specialization may take additional courses based on their career pathways. A program completer is a student who has met the requirements for a CTE concentration sequence and all other requirements for high school graduation or an approved alternative education program.
• Graphic Imaging Technology I (8660/36 weeks, 140 hours)
Career Cluster: Arts, Audio/Video Technology and Communications Pathway Occupations
Desktop Publisher Job Printer Printing Technology Prepress Technician Press Operator Visual Arts Graphic Designer
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