JULY 27, 1973 25 CENTS VOLUME 37/NUMBER 29

A SOCIALIST NEWSWEEKLY/PUBLISHED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE

Attorney Leonard Boudin, flanked by Andrew Pulley and Unda Jenness, explains legal action at news conference. Lawsuit on behalf of Socialist Workers Party and Young Socialist Alliance demands end to gov't bugging, bombing, spying, and harassment of socialists. See pages 3-6.

Phase 4--prices up, wages held downAa New suit against forced sterilizationAs Puerto Ricans hit gov't strikebreakingA1 In Brief

ONEITA TEXTILE WORKERS WIN STRIKE: The strike WITCH-HUNT LAW UPHELD IN MASSACHUSETTS: by 700 workers at the Oneita Knitting Mills plants in The Massachusetts House of Representatives has rejected South Carolina ended in a victory July 10 after a seven­ a bill that would have allowed the Communist Party to THIS month battle. The company gave in to the workers' de­ run candidates in that state. The proposed legislation mands for union recognition and a contract, which in­ would have removed two reactionary "antisubversive" WEEK'S cludes wage increases and a union dues check-off. sections of the state election law. These provisions have The victory for the Oneita workers, most of whom are been on the books since 1951, the height of the McCarthy MILITANT Black women, will have a significant effect on workers era. 7 Nixon tapes: one bug seeking recognition for the Textile Workers Union at other One conservative legislator argued that having Com­ plants in North and South Carolina. munist Party candidates on the ballot would encourage too many? the growth of a group "bent on overthrowing our Ameri­ 8 Diplomatic maneuvers can way of life." in Cambodia HOSPITAL WORKERS PROTEST DISCRIMINATION: Thirty-five workers at the Bird S. Coler Hospital on Man­ 9 French revolutionists hattan's Welfare Island held a picket line at the hospital still in jail DEMONSTRATION HITS JAILING OF CANADIAN July 17 to protest discriminatory practices against BLACK ACTIVISTS: Demonstrators marched through 13 Prices up; wages Ia Spanish-speaking employees. The workers, organized into the streets of downtown Toronto July 1 protesting the behind the Association of Spanish Health and Hospital Workers, jailing of Black activists Rosie Douglas and Anne Cools. 14 'Mad dog' of lobo. are demanding the rehiring of two employees unjustly On June 25, the Canadian Supreme Court refused to movement hear an appeal from Douglas, Cools, and Brenda Dash, 15 Suit hits N.C. steriliza­ who were convicted on charges arising out of the 1969 tion law student occupation of Sir George Williams University in Montreal. U.S. Navy role in 16 Lawyers for the three had filed an appeal on the Culebra, Vieques grounds that one of the jurors had publicly admitted be­ 17 Puerto Ricans protest fore the trial that he could not give a fair judgment to National Guard Black people. 18 Why Healey quit Com­ Douglas, the former chairman of the Toronto African munist Party Liberation Support Committee, faces two years in prison; Cools faces six months; and Dash, six months or a $2,000 19 Teamster officials use fine. goons agaiflst ranks Douglas has announced he will seek deportation to his 21 The Guardian: 'two­ 'native Dominica rather than serve the prison term. stage' theory 24 Farm workers cite gains NCLC THUGS' HEARING POSTPONED: On. July 16, of grape strike Steve Getzoff and George Turner, both members of the National Caucus of Labor Committees, appeared in court to face charges of assault stemming from attacks on mem­ 2 In Brief Militant/ John Lauritsen bers of the Communist Party and Socialist Workers Party. 10 In Our Opinion Getzoff is also charged with felonious assault by three Letters fired and the right to participate in the hospitalls adminis­ members of the Socialist Workers Party. 11 La Raza en Accion tration. They are also calling for an end to discrimination The hearing for Getzoff and Turner did not come before National Picket Line in promotion. the bench until 45 minutes after the court was supposed to The Association was established in March 1972 to deal close. The judge postponed the actual hearing until Aug. 12 Great Society with the problems of hospital employees throughout the 2. The judge also, upon the urging of the complainants, Women in Revolt city, most of whom are Puerto Rican and Black. warned Getzoffiind Turner that if they continue to harass By Any Means Neces­ witnesses (namely members of the CP and the SWP) they sary NEW YORK RALLY TO PROTEST DEPORTATIONS: would await their hearing in jail. 20 In Review A broadly sponsored antideportation rally, focusing on the case of 117 Haitians who face deportation, will be held in New York City July 28. The rally will also protest AGE REQUIREMENT FOR CANDIDATES UPHELD: WORLD OUTLOOK the recent massive deportation of Chicanos and Mexicans The U. S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit has over­ 1 Behind Peron's return in the Southwest and the immigration raids conducted turned a lower-court ruling that struck down a law re­ to Argentina against Latinos in New York City. quiring candidates for Detroit city council to .be at least 2 Issues before trade Featured speakers will include Bert Corona of CASA­ 25 years old. A district court had held that the age re­ unionists in Uruguay Hermandad in Los Angeles; Ramon Arbona of the Puerto quirement violated the fourteenth amendment to the U. S. Rican Socialist Party; and Gerard La Tortue, a former Constitution. 4 Defense campaign for Haitian political prisoner now facing deportation hearings The appeals court objected to the legal standards applied Brazilian political in New York.· LaTortue was imprisoned for speaking by the district court in reaching its decision. The case goes prisoner out against unemployment in Haiti. He escaped from back to the lower court for hearings. · -MIRTA VIDA-!-- jail and is seeking political asylum in the U.S. The rally will be held at the Assembly Hall of the River­ side Church, at Riverside Drive and 122nd Street, starting at 2 p.m. For more information, contact the United States Committee for Justice to Latin American Political Prisoners YOUR FIR (USLA) at 150 Fifth Ave., Room 737, New York, N.Y. THE MILITANT 10011. Telephone: (212) 691-2880. ISSUE?­ VOLUME 37/NUMBER 29 JULY 27, 1973 SUBSCRIBE CLOSING NEWS DATE-JULY 18, 1973 Summer schedule Editor: MARY-ALICE WATERS The last issue of The Militant before our summer Business Manager: SHARON CABANISS TO THE Southwest Bureau: HARRY RING break will be dated Aug. 3. We will resume our regular weekly schedule with the issue of Aug. 3 J. Published weekly by The Militant Publishing Ass'n., MILITANT 14 Charles lane, New York, N.Y. 10014. Telephone: Editorial Office (212) 243-6392; Business Office (212) HARLEM SIX CONVICTION THROWN OUT: The first­ WATERGATE: Nixon's few remaining friends still insist he's 929-3486. Southwest Bureau: 1107 1/2 N. Western degree murder conviction of Robert Rice, one of the innocent. But the majority of the American people know Ave., los Angeles, Calif. 90029. Telephone: (213) 463- he's guilty. Read The Militant for weekly socialist analysis 1917. Harlem Six, has been thrown out in federal court because Correspondence concerning subscriptions or changes doubt has been cast on the evidence used against him. A of the Watergate scandal. of address should be addressed to The Militant Business key witness originally testified that Rice had stabbed a Office, 14 Charles lane, ~ew York, N.Y. 10014. Harlem shopkeeper during the 1964 robbery charged to Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Sub­ Introductory ollar-S1/3months scriptions: Domestic: S5 ll year; foreign, SS. By first­ the Harlem Six. That witness has since recanted his testi­ ( ) $1 for three months of The Militant. class mail: domestic and Canada, S25; all other coun­ mony twice. ( ) $2 for three months of The Militant and three months tries, $41. Air printed matter: domestic and Canada, Judge Harold Tyler Jr. ruled July 17 that Rice must of the International Socialist Review. $32; Mexico and the Caribbean, $30; latin Americc have a new trial within 60 days or be freed from jail. and Europe, S40; Africa, Australia, and Asia (including ( ) $5 for one year of The Militant USSR), $50. Write far sealed air postage rates. He was serving a life sentence. ( ) New ( ) Renewal For subscriptions airmailed from New York and then Four of the Harlem Six recently pleaded guilty to man­ posted from london directly: England and Ireland, l1.20 slaughter, while protesting their innocence, in exchange NAME------for 10 issues, l4.50 lor one year; Continental Europe, for a suspended sentence. (They had already served eight l1.50 for 10 issues, l5.50 for one year. Send banker's ADDRESS------­ draft directly to Pathfinder Press, 47 The Cut, london, years in prison.) The remaining member of the Harlem CITY------...-- STATE----ZIP----- SE1 8ll, England. Inquire for air roles from london at Six is still serving a sentence of 15 to 35 years; he is now 14Charleslane, NewYork, N.Y. 10014. the same address. eligible for parole. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily represent The Militant's views. These are expressed in editorials.

2 Socialist offensive on Watergate

An a~al for supP-ort Open letter on Watergate from Linda Jenness & Andrew Pulley Brothers and Sisters, "enemies" because of their political labor movement and Black movement Whenever social and political move­ The Socialist Workers Party and the ideas. The discovery that these tech­ in the United States is studded with ments have threatened the privileges Young Socialist Alliance have filed niques were used in the 1972 elec­ examples of the fight against such of the rich and the powerful, they have a far-reaching lawsuit as part of our tions has set off a chain of disclo­ methods. The Haymarket martyrs had to confront not only overt poli­ campaign to expose and call a halt sures going far beyond what the were victimized in 1886 for the ac­ tical opposition of those in power but to the government's use of Watergate­ Republicans did to the Democrats. tions of a provocateur, a police agent the undercover police spies and pro­ style espionage and sabotage opera­ The facts uncovered have torn the who threw a dynamite bomb into a vocateurs unleashed by those who com­ tions against us. This letter is to in­ shroud of secrecy from federal gov­ crowd of workers demonstrating in mand the repressive apparatus of the form you of our plans for this im­ ernment operations aimed at silenc­ Chicago for the eight-hour day. capitalist rulers. portant political action, and to so­ ing those who have demonstrated and Tom Mooney and Warren Billings The Watergate methods are used to­ licit your support and cooperation. organized against the Vietnam war, were railroaded to prison as a re­ day against all those who pose a against racism, and for an end to the sult of a bomb thrown into a 1916 threat to the interests of the White What is at stake? other evils created by the system of Preparedness Day parade in San Fran­ House gang and their political al­ Watergate has unconvered the ex­ capitalist rule and oppression. cisco. Even. though they had nothing ies and financial backers. istence of a massive secret-police ap­ The reality is that both the Demo­ to do with the bomb, they were deemed paratus operating in flagrant disre­ crats and the Republicans, the two par­ "guilty" of having organized a strike United Farm Workers Union gard of existing laws and of the pro­ ties of the capitalist class, have re­ of streetcar workers two weeks earlier. Watergate-type activities pose a tections guaranteed in the Bill of stricted democratic rights and used The long list of targets of police threat to the labor movement that all Rights. The primary targets of this police-state methods against opponents frame-ups and Watergate methods in­ unionists should combat. qne of the apparatus are those who are fighting of the government. As the government clude Sacco and Vanzetti.; the Scotts­ clearest example is the drive to smash against the policies of the government. apparatus has been vastly expanded boro defendants, the Rosenbergs, the the United Farm Workers Union in These targets include trade unions over the years, the use of secret-po­ victims of the anticommunist Smith California. The reactionary bureau­ struggling to protect the rights and lice activities has been increased, with Act, the Weathermen, the Black Pan­ crats of the Teamsters union are doing living standards of working people, bipartisan approval. ther Party, and many others. Through­ the dirty work for the big growers, Black organizations, the antiwar and out the years, literally thousands of who are out to destroy the UFW. student movements, and all radical labor organizers, Black activists, and These Teamster officials, including and socialist groups. A long history radicals have been imprisoned as"sub­ Teamsters President Frank Fitzsim­ The fundamental issue of Water­ Government use of informers, pro­ versives" or indicated on framed-up mons, do not in any way represent gate is the extensive and continuing vocateurs, bugging, and even physical charges based on activities of govern­ the interests and needs of rank-and­ use of police-state methods against assaults instigated by paid police ment informers and agents-provoca­ file Teamsters. In fact, they are so those government officials view as agents is not new. The history of the teurs. Continued on next page SWP, YSA file suit against Nixon NEW YORK, JULY 18- The Socialist The suit asks for a court injunction secretary of the YSA, said that "a vic­ Workers Party and the Young Social­ to halt all government harassment, tory in this case will not only be a ist Alliance filed suit here today in intimidation, and illegal spying on victory for the YSA and the Socialist federal district court against Richard the SWP and YSA. It also seeks to Workers Party, but for all those who Nixon, . John Mitchell, H. R. Halde­ have the attorney general's list of "sub­ oppose the campaign of harassment man, John Ehrlichman, and 15 other versive" organizations ruied unconsti­ directed at dissenters. The YSA will officials and former officials of the tutional. The SWP was placed on this do everything possible to gain wide­ U. S. government. list in 1948, without a hearing. The spread support for this case." Filed by Leonard Boudin, one of lawsuit charges that the decision to The suit documents instances of the most prominent constitutional law­ place the party on the list was part wiretapping, tampering with mall, job yers in the country, the suit charges of a conspiracy to violate the con­ discrimination, and harassment by Nixon and the other defendants with stitutional rights of the SWP. government agencies, including the "illegal acts of blacklisting, harass­ ~ addition, the plaintiffs are asking FBI. It also cites incidents of SWP ment, electronic surveillance, bur­ for damages totaling more than $27- headquarters being firebombed in Los glary, mall tampering, and terrorism" million for the numerous violations Angeles in May 1970; bombed in against the SWP and YSA, and their of rights suffered by the SWP and Houston in March 1971; and bur­ members and supporters. The suit was YSA and by individual members of glarized in Detroit in October 1971. announced at a news conference today the two groups. The suit charges that these acts were at Boudin's office. Linda Jenness, speaking to report­ part of a conspiracy involving fed­ Plaintiffs in the suit include the par­ ers at the news conference, said, "The eral officials. Their actions violate the Militant/Flax Hermes ty's 1972 presidential and vice-pres­ Watergate revelations have laid bare first, fourth and fifth amendments to BOUDIN: 'This case is winnable.' idential candidates, Linda Jenness and a network of illegal undercover po­ the U.S. constitution. The government procedures of questioning and obtain­ Andrew Pulley, and its 1973 mayoral lice operations and government se­ officials who planned and implement­ ing statements from the defendants candidates in Atlanta, Cleveland, De­ crecy. These methods of rule are not ed these activities are also accused of would take about eight months. After troit, New York, Seattle, Minneapolis, merely an aberration that can be at­ conspiring to violate the civil rights that a federal judge will hold a trial and Houston. tributed to one party, or one wing of the SWP and the YSA. on the charges. In response to a re­ of one party. The secret police arms Leonard Boudin told reporters that porter's question about whether or not of the government, some. of whose he hoped this case will pave the way he expected to succeed with the suit, practices have been exposed by Water­ for other suits by political parties and Boudin replied: "This office never gate, have been maintained and ex­ other groups who have been victim­ takes cases of this kind unless we panded for decades under both Demo­ ized by Watergate-style practices. "We believe we can win. And our record cratic and Republicanadministrations. ·learned. in the Ellsberg and Berrigan will show that we rarely lose This "The use of repressive measures, the cases," Boudin said, referring to his case is winnable." infringement of democratic rights and two most recent defense cases, "that Judy Baumann, the national sec­ the super-secrecy of government func­ the government takes extraordinary retary of the Committee for Demo­ tioning are essential features of cap­ measures against those it views as cratic Election Laws, announced that italist rule today. . . . The growing threats to its policies. her committee has established the Po­ resort to authoritarian methods of rule ''What is involved here," he said, litical Rights Defense Fund (PRDF) by the capitalist government is a "is the fight for the survival of de­ specifically to build support and raise threat that must be combated. That mocracy and the electoral process, money for this case. She explained is the objective of our suit and of which is in serious need of protection that the PRDP would seek to mobilize Herbert Jordan, associate the political campaign we are launch­ against the very people who have been the broadest possible civil liberties Boudin, explaining details of case at ing." elected to office." support for the case and to raise funds news conference. Andrew Pulley, who is now natio'nal- Boudin estimated that the pretrial to covP.r the expenses of the suit.

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 3 Socialist offensive on Wd:ergate .. .Open ·letter from Jenness & Pulley Continued lrom preceding page Others, including the NAACP Legal prison guards and state police for • Visits to our members, candidates steeped in corruption and are sitting Defense Fund offices in New York and demanding to be treated as human for public office, and supporters by on a scandal so widespread that it attorneys for Bobby Seale and other beings. FBI agents; and visits by FBI agents could aptly be called the Watergate Black Panthers, were subjected to Even the federal antipoverty pro­ to families, employers, and landlords of the labor movement. break-ins by government agents. Black gram has now been exposed as pur­ of SWP and YSA members and sup­ High Teamster bureaucrats, tied in elected officials, including every sin­ suing a racist policy of forced steri­ porters. These FBI activities are to­ with underworld figures, have been gle member of ·the Congressional lizations of Black women, who have tally unrelated to criminal investiga­ conspiring to steal millions of dollars Black Caucus, were included on the been subjected to deception, outright tion, since no crimes are involved. It from union pension funds. Yet the White House "enemies list." lies, and compulsion to submit to the is purely political harassment. White House recently ordered a halt Radical youth groups, such as the operation. eReading of our mail by govern­ to the FBI investigation of this con­ Weathermen, were infiltrated by FBI ment agents, and the recording of spiracy. agents who themselves made and names and addresses of those who It is clear that in return for services planted terrorist bombs, and then used The socialist movement write to the SWP and the YSA. The Socialist Workers Party and the rendered by the Fitzsimmons cabal­ these acts as the basis for trying to e Collusion between government Young Socialist Alliance have also including political support to Nixon railroad the Weatherpeople to prison. agents and gangs of counterrevolu­ been victimized by the police-state and aid in the union-busting campaign The government hired provoca­ tionary Cuban exiles, Ku Klux Klan methods of the capitalist rulers of this against the UFWU -the government teurs to organize disruptions at anti­ members, and other ultrarightists who country. is protecting these crooks. war demonstrations. It hired vigilante have tried to stop the SWP from run­ The Socialist Workers Party makes Union leaders who dared to dif­ squads to attack prominent antiwar ning candidates for office by firebomb­ fer with Nixon were placed on the spokespeople, such as Daniel Ellsberg. no secret of its revolutionary Marxist ing and shooting up our headquar­ infamous "political enemies list." Those The White House intentionally post- views. The SWP is active in all areas ters, and other terrorist attacks. of political life, fighting to end op­ • The continued use of the attorney pression and exploitation and fur­ general's list of "subversive" organi- L thering the struggle against racism, war, and sexism. Its stated goal is the education and the organization of the vast majority of American working people to establish a workers government and replace capitalism and all its horrors with socialism. As a legally established political party, the SWP runs candidates for office across the country. These can­ didates act as tribunes for the pro­ gressive social struggles and try to win support for socialist ideas and activities. In 1972, despite restrictive election laws that make it difficult for smaller parties to qualify for the ballot, the Black Panthers in los Angeles courthouse after 1969 police attack. Black SWP won a place on the ballot in was victim of nationwide campaign of police terror and government frame-ups. 23 states and fielded more than 100 candidates in local and state races. In 1972, our presidential ticket singled out for special harassment in­ poned granting permits for mass polled nearly 100,000 votes, more cluded United Auto Workers President marches in Washington so that the than any other left-wing party. Leonard W ood"cock and dissident administration could create an atmo­ The Young Socialist Alliance is an Teamsters Vice-president Harold Gib­ sphere of confrontation and potential independent revolutionary socialist Militant/Harry Ring bons. Gibbons had been an outspo­ violence in its attempt to keep people youth organization that has endorsed N.ixon administration has conspired with ken critic of the war and a founder from joining the protests. and campaigned for SWP candidates. growers and Teamster bureaucrats in at­ of Labor for Peace, a trade-union The use of government power The YSA is an organization of young tempt to destroy United Farm Workers antiwar group. Fitzsimmons subse­ against the will of the majority was activists fighting to bring about a so­ Union.· qu~mtly ousted Gibbons from his post nowhere more clearly revealed than cialist America. as head of the Teamsters Central in Vietnam. Despite the protests and zations, a list used to justify many States Conference mass sentiment for the U.S. to get Constitutional challenge of the secret po.ice actions against out of Southeast Asia, the president, Our suit charges that there has been our organization and discriminations with the complicity of Congress at an ongoing program of harassment, against our members. The Black movement every step, has carried out a brutal infiltration, and surveillance of the Some of these practices are explic­ The Black Panther· Party was tar­ genocidal policy to prop up a hated SWP and the YSA by the FBI and itly mentioned in the documents re­ geted for a wave of frame-up trials, dictatorial regime. other government agencies- solely on lating to the top-secret 1970 Huston infiltration by agents, and physical Government violence and police pow­ the basis of our political views. "domestic security" plan. Although assaults by trigger-happy cops. FBI er in violation of fundamental human Under the Bill of Rights, the SWP Nixon has claimed the plan was never Director J. Edgar Hoover subjected and democratic rights has been di­ and groups that support its candi­ put into effect, journalists investigate lJr. Martin Luther King Jr. to a ven­ rected at innocent citizens, who have dates, like the YSA, are entitled to ing Watergate have proved this to be detta that included massive espionage been terrorized and whose homes have the same liberties as any other poli­ just another lie. and behind-the-scenes attempts to dis­ been ransacked by federal narcotics tical party. Any laws or government Provisions of the plan were imple­ credit him through character assas­ agents. policies that discriminate against us mented; and they are still being used sination. In the Southwest, undocumented solely on the basis of our political against the YSA and SWP and other At the time King was killed, in workers, the so-called illegal aliens, ideas are unconstitutional and un­ groups. April 1968, the FBI had him under have been rounded up, deported to democratic. In addition to the evidence presented, very close surveillance. The question Mexico, and shaken down for bribes We will prove through evidence and we will ask the court to order the by federal immigration agents, who of possible undercover government in­ testimony in court that the outrages agencies involved to turn over to us are themselves implicated in a vast volvement in King's murder remains committed by the government against all records on the SWP and the YSA. unanswered. A similar question mark scandal of corruption. the YSA, the SWP, and its candidates We will insist on seeing the logs and hangs over the assassination of Mal­ Prisoners, like those at Attica, have prior to and during the 1972 and transcripts of wiretapped conversa­ been brutalized and gunned down by colm X three years earlier. 1973 election campaigns were illegal tions, the reports of government and unconstitutional. We will demand agents, and the records of all other that the courts enjoin the government illegal measures taken against us. officials- including those in the White And we will ask for copies of the House, the Pentagon, and the Justice, still-secret portions of the secret spy and Treasury departments-from con­ plan and any other such materials tinuing these activities. And we will that may have been used to deny us also demand from these individuals our constitutional rights. responsible money damages (totaling $26.5-million dollars) in compensa­ tion for the violation of our rights. Issue aHecting all Americans We will ask for injunctions against: Some of you may say, "But I dis­ agree with the views of the SWP and e Infiltration of police agents into the YSA; why should I come to their the SWP and the YSA. defense?" e illegal break-ins and burglaries If civil liberties are to be reduced of our campaign offices to obtain lists to defending the rights of only those of campajgn supporters and other in­ we agree with, Nixon and the Water­ Militant/Flax Hermes formation. gaters will have won their crusade. SWP has played a major role in organ1zmg the mass antiwar demonstrations that e Bugging and wiretapping of our The test of democratic rights comes _Nixon and rest of Watergate gang viewed as major threat. telephones and offices. precisely when it is a question of

4 Socialist offensive on Watergate Suit documents long history of protecting the rights of those with whom you disagree. "But," some of you-trade unionists, gov't violence and harassment Afro-Americans, women activists­ may also ask, "what has this got to Early on a Wednesday afternoon in do with me? I am not a socialist. May 1970, a dozen Cuban exiles Nobody is going to accuse me ofbeing armed with automatic weapons, ch,1bs, a 'security threat.'" and whips forced their way into the The testimony of former government headquarters of the Socialist Workers officials, like John Dean and Jeb Stuart Party in Los Angeles. Magruder, before the Senate Water­ They forced four SWP election cam­ gate committee shows the fallacy of paign workers to lie face down on this short-sighted reasoning. Secret op­ the floor, telling them, "You will die erations set up by the capitalist govern­ for Fidel," and "We'll kill you, you ment to spy on "extremists" were ex­ commies!" Meanwhile, they ransacked panded to include those who criticized the offices and set the place on fire, the Vietnam war, those who defended leaving the four in what could have the rights of the Black Panther Party, been a death trap. Fortunately, the and even those who worked to defeat campaign workers were able to escape Nixon in the elections. through a fire door without injury. The "national security threat" stigma This attack was the climax of a John Gray can be extended to any group or in­ series of terrorist incidents against the los Angeles SWP offices after armed Cuban exiles set headquarters ablaze.One of dividual. Working people fighting for SWP and other radical groups in Los the attackers later told district attorney of contact with CIA before assault. a decent _standard of living and for Angeles. The Los Angeles cops, who the right to organize and to strike; admitted they had agents inside the deeply implicated in the subsequent e FBI compilation of lists of voters Blacks, Chicanos, and Puerto Ricans Cuban exile groups, refused to con­ Watergate revelations-conducted an who sign independent nominating pe­ "investigation." He concentrated on at­ struggling for an end to racial op­ duct a serious investigation. However, titions to put SWP candidates on the pression; defenders of constitutional political pressure forced them to ar­ tempting to intimidate supporters of ballot. The superintendent of elections rights for everyone- are all potential rest three men, who· were eventually the SWP candidates and went so far for the state of Washington has pub­ victims of Watergate methods. The convicted. as to accuse the SWP of bombing licly acknowledged that after every democratic rights of everyone in the When the three were first apprehend­ its own headquarters! election since 1942 the FBI has U.S. will be strengthened if we are ed one of them told the district at­ Mounting public pressure, especially checked to seek who signs nominating successful in this legal challenge. torney that they had been approached after night riders shot up the head­ petitions for the smaller parties. Some by a man who said he was from quarters in a second attack, finally signers are contacted later and told the C lA, asking for their help. The forced the Houston police to arrest they are supporting "a bunch of sub­ The need to fight back cops, however, never followed up this a couple of Klansmen. But the charges versives." In the past, persecution by witch­ lead. were dropped before they ever came • The frequent practice of FBI hunting secret police has led to mass The raid, the links to the CIA, and to trial. Again, this move fits the pat­ agents trying to get people fired from movements of protest against these the use of Cuban exiles as thugs­ tern of what is now known about their jobs by "visiting" socialists while attacks. As people throughout the all fit perfectly into the pattern re­ Watergate-style activities. at work, and by "warning" employers U.S. became aware of the frame-ups, vealed by Watergate disclosures. This In the fall of 1971, the Detroit SWP that they have "subversives" working millions saw the need to fight back attack in Los Angeles is part of the campaign headquarters was burglar- for them. in order to resist the th-reat and to • In a clear pattern of politically motivated harassment, FBI agents protect and extend everyone's demo­ have repeatedly contacted SWP and cratic rights. YSA members at all hours. The widespread outrage at the gov­ The purpose of this activity is to · ernment operations that have come to create an atmosphere in which those light, and the overwhelming repudia­ who dissent from government policies tion of Nixon's "national security" are intimidated from engaging in po­ alibi as justification for abridging the litical or protest activity. rights of demonstrators and other po­ litical activists, now provides the op­ The Militant newspaper portunity for mobilizing broad forces The socialist newsweekly The Mili­ to demand an end to these Watergate tant, which supports the campaigns operations. of the Socialist Workers Party, has This opportunity must be seized by all of us who have been victimized also been subjected to attack. During by-or are potential victims of-the the second world war, postal author­ government secret police, and by all ities confiscated several issues. Sub­ those who value the constitutional pro­ scribers to the paper have been ha­ Weaver tections of the right to political ac­ rassed by FBI agents. Socialist campaign headquarters in Houston after being shot up by night-riding Klans­ Federal and state prison authorities tivity. We must be willing to unite men. Attack was one of a series of violent incidents, including bombing, in 1971. in this struggle despite our disagree­ have refused to allow prisoners to receive some issues of The Militant, ments on other issues. evidence of government-motivated ter­ ized. The burglars stole lists of cam­ although newspapers supporting Dem­ A massive expression of civil lib­ ror that will be brought out in the paign supporters, financial contribu­ ocratic and Republican Party candi­ erties support is needed to win this lawsuit filed by the SWP and the tors, people who had expressed an dates are not interfered with. suit. We believe that the law and the Young Socialist Alliance. interest in receiving campaign litera­ Bill of Rights are completely on our ture, and subscribers to The Militant, The U.S. attorney general's list of side. But this is a political case; and Ku Klux Klan in Texas the weekly socialist newspaper. The "subversive" organizations has been we know that political issues are ul­ In 1970, the SWP ran the first so­ police were notified; when they arrived used to prevent supporters of the SWP timately resolved not on the basis of cialist candidates for state office since on the scene, one said, "It looks like from working at federal jobs, includ­ legal arguments alone, but by the the time of Eugene V. Debs. In 1971, an FBijob." ing the U.S. Post Office. In addition, power and pressure of aroused and the SWP launched a vigorous munic­ Several weeks later, another break­ some state governments use the list organized public opinion. ipal campaign in Houston. The anti­ in occurred, this time at the apart­ to regulate state employment. The slogan originally made popu­ union, anti-Black Ku Klux Klan be­ ment of the Michigan chairman of In many cases, secret police dos­ lar by the Industrial w·orkers of the gan an effort to silence the socialist the SWP campaign committee. Ignor­ siers of campaign activity are pre­ World, "An Injury to One Is an In- candidates. They had the complicity ing items of value, the burglars made sented as evidence of ties to the SWP jury to All," has' never been more of local and federal agents. off with membership lists and other and then used to bar people from fed­ timely and relevant. It perfectly ex­ In a predawn attack in March 1971, party r.ecords. eral jobs. For example, a member of presses the need for a united move­ a fragmentation bomb was hurled The FBI has been conducting a sys­ the YSA in San Antonio was told ment to defend the rights of all those through the window of the Houston tematic campaign of attempted intim­ by the U. S. Civil Service Commis­ who face the danger of victimizatio-n SWP campaign headquarters. Mayor idation of members and supporters sion that she couldn't continue her at the hands of the W atergage gangs. Louie Welch responded to the outcry of the SWP and the YSA, including work as a psychology technician. Part If we can win this lawsuit, as we that followed this terrorist attack by visits to landlords, employers, and of the "case" against her was that she believe we can, we will deal a power­ quoting approvingly at a city coun­ relatives. This harassment masquer­ had attended a speech by Linda Jen­ ful blow to secret police methods and cil meeting from J. Edgar Hoover's ades as "surveillance," but its clear ness, SWP 197 2 presidential candi­ practices. To win such a victory, we smear of the SWP. Hoover had intent is to create an atmosphere in date! need and ask your support. charged that SWP election campaigns which socialists are stigmatized as "il­ These secret-police dossiers will be In solidarity, were only "covers" for "un-American" legal." This "surveillance" itself is to­ subpoenaed as evidence in the law­ Linda Jenness, 1972 presidential can­ activities. tally illegal since the SWP is not even suit because they constitute proof that didate of the Socialist Workers Party An agent from the Alcohol, Tobacco accused of any criminal activities. federal agents have conducted illegal and Firearms Division of the U. S. The FBI activities the suit will seek undercover surveillance of perfectly le­ Andrew Pulley, national secretary, Treasury Department - an agency to halt include: gal electoral activities. Young Socialist AlliancP

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 5 Socialist offensive on Watergate ·civil 'Ir liberties How S~ '' P has exposed group will gov't frame-ups in the past suppor~ The Watergate operations directed . SWP SUit against the Socialist Workers Party JULY 18-The Political Rights De­ and the Young Socialist Alliance were fense Fund (PRDF) is appealing to stimulated by government attempts to all defenders of constitutional liber- counter the growing radicalization and ties to join in actively supporting the the mounting interest in socialist ideas. suit filed today against government These repressive measures are part secret police activities. The PRDF is of a long history of government at­ an adjunct of the Committee for Dem­ tempts to brand socialism "illegal" in ocratic Election Laws, a nonpartisan order to frighten people away from voti~g rights group. supporting socialist ideas and activ­ The legal proceedings in this case ities. These techniques have their roots are expected to be extremely involved in the anticommunist scares and witch­ and time-consuming. For this reason hunting mentality that gave rise to the expenses will be very high. "One McCarthyism in the 1950s. of our major jobs," declared Janice "W atergating" against the SWP and Lynn, spokeswoman for PRDF, "will other socialist groups has been going be to raise the tens of thousands of on for a long time. dollars that will be necessary just to Smith Act prosecutions cover the legal costs. We hope that Militant/Larry Seigle the response to our fund appeals will As the May 24, 1973, New York The Fort Jackson Eight, Gls who stood up for their right to oppose the war and racism be big enough to allow us to finance Times reported, "... Presidents from in the Army. Andrew Pulley, now YSA nat'l secretary, is at left. the best possible presentation of our Franklin Roosevelt on have permitted case." covert electronic surveillance and have curity" to justify the denial of their She is one of the plaintiffs in the suit In addition to raising funds and authorized illegal burglaries to protect constitutional rights. filed by the Political Rights Defense the country against what they per­ The Smith Act was later used exten­ Fund. soliciting sponsorship, the PRDF is ceived as threats to its existence." Ac­ sively against the leaders of the Com­ With the upsurge of campus rad­ planning to organize national speak­ ing tours this fall for representatives cording to this article, the FBI began munist Party, USA. icalism in the 1960s, the YSA was to speak on the case. "We hope to in 1941 to pursue "a policy of making singled out by anticommunist cru­ be able to present our case directly otherwise illegal entries in connection AHorney general's list saders in Indiana. Three YSA leaders to meetings of trade unionists, Black with domestic intelligence-gathering op­ The revelations about the White at the University of Indiana in Bloom­ organizations, and women's and com­ erations." House "Enemies List" have provoked ington were indicted for "conspiring munity groups. We will also be ask­ It was in 1941 that the infamous an outcry against arbitrary govern­ to overthrow the government of the ing for active support from the aca­ Smith Act thought-control legislation, ment blacklists. Senator Kennedy re­ United States and the state of Indi­ demic community, writers and artists, passed the previous year, was first cently denounced those who compile ana." They were charged under a Mc­ civil liberties groups, and all other used. The first victims of this reac- "lists of enemies whose careers and Carthy-era law that made it the pol­ organizations that have a stake in lives are to be shattered because of icy of the state of Indiana to "exter­ the fight to put a halt to government their disagreement." minate Communism and communists Watergating," Lynn said. Yet one of the most w,idely used and and any or all teachings of the same." The PRDF has already prepared clearly unconstitutional of such lists is Attorney Leonard Boudin defended sponsor cards and a brochure ex­ still in effect-the attorney general's the three. The legal defense, combined plaining the suit and the objectives list of "subversive" organizations. In with a broad-based public campaign of the PRDF. Copies of the legal pa­ 1947 President Truman issued an ex­ of support backed by thousands of pers filed today, which explain the ecutive order authorizing the U.S. at­ faculty members from coast to coast, case in detail, are also available from torney general to draw up a list of led to the charges being dropped. The "totalitarian, fascist, communist or sub­ the PRDF. case lasted five years. "We urge all defenders of the Bill versive" organizations. The SWP was The link between this case and W a­ of Rights to join us in building sup­ included on this list, which is used tergate is embodied in the person of t<> bar citizens from government em­ Tom Charles Huston, who in the early port for this case, and in mobilizing ployment. Today it serves as official 1960s was studying law at the Uni­ the American people in defense of the justification for Watergate-type mea­ versity of Indiana. Huston, an ar­ democratic rights of all political sures against members and supporters dent right-winger, played a major role groups and parties, including the of the SWP. in aiding the prosecutor's case against Young Socialist Alliance and the So­ Once again, the sole "crime" of the the YSAers. This was the start of his cialist Workers Party," Lynn declared. SWP was its advocacy of ideas unpop­ career as a right-wing Republican pol­ She explained that sponsorship of ular with the government. Despite re- itician . the case does not imply agreement . quests for a hearing, the SWP was From Bloomington he moved up with the political views of the SWP never offered the chance to defend it­ through the Republican Party and or the YSA. ''We are asking for sup­ self, or even to find out the basis made his way to the White House. port on a civil liberties basis. The on which the listing had been made! There he drafted the 1970 "counter­ Political Rights Defense Fund wel­ The violation of due process of law insurgency" plan. When Senator Er­ comes the cooperation of Democrats, inherent in granting one individual Republicans, socialists, and anyone James Kutcher, member ·of SWP, was vin labeled this plan evidence of a -the attorney general-the power to "Gestapo mentality" in the government, else who agrees with us that all groups fired from his VA job in one of the first use such a list against members of and parties have the right to carry uses of attorney general's list. he was talking about people like Hus­ another political party has become ton. out their activities without being ha­ abundantly clear in light of the in­ rassed, spied on, bombed, wiretapped, tionary legislation were members of volvement of Attorney General John Fort Jackson 8 or burglarized." the Socialist Workers Party and lead­ Mitchell in the Watergate affair. In 1969, at Fort Jackson, S.C., For more information on the case, ers of General Drivers Union Local members of the YSA who had been and to make financial contributions, 544 (CIO) in Minneapolis. The Kutcher case drafted into the Army helped orga­ .....use ______the coupon below. _ The Smith Act was the first statute In one or the first uses of the at­ nize Gis into a group known as Gls since the Alien and Sedition acts of torney general's list, James Kutcher, United Against the War. These sol­ Clip and send to: Political Rights De­ 1798 to make mere advocacy of ideas a member of the SWP who had lost diers - Blacks, Puerto Ricans, and fense Fund, 150 Fifth Ave., Suite 737, a crime. The SWP was singled out for both legs in the second world war, whites- insisted on their right to New York, N.Y. 10011. Telephone: prosecution because of its determined was fired from his job at the Vet­ speak out against the war and against (212) 691-3270. defense of union democracy and its erans Administration. After a mas­ racism in the Army. opposition to America's imperialist de­ sive civil liberties fight that lasted eight In one of the best-known of the GI ( ) Please send me rnore information signs in the second world war. years, the federal courts finally or­ antiwar battles, the Fort Jackson o~ this suit. Before the trial, in true Watergate dered Kutcher rehired with full back Eight successfully defended themselves ( ) I would like to arrange a meeting style, undercover agents infiltrated the pay. Yet this list is still being used against Army attempts to use an in­ for a representative of the PRDF to SWP and FBI agents raided the orga­ in 1973 to deny people government former's testimony to railroad them explain the case to my school or or­ nization's offices to seize literature. employment, solely because the gov­ to prison. Their case became the focus ganization. Eighteen defendants were convicted ernment doesn't like their political of a nationwide defense campaign that ( ) Enclosed is $ __to help cover and sentenced to terms ranging up to views. forced 'the Army to back down and expenses. 16 months. Their sole "crime" was Alice W oznack, a member of the drop all charges against them. AddressName ------______their advocacy of socialism and their SWP, is currently fighting for her right Andrew Pulley was one of the Fort opposition to the impending war. They to continue working at the National Jackson Eight. He spent 60 days in City ______,_ ____ were labeled a "threat to national se- Institute of Health in Bethesda, Md. the stockade before the case was won. State ______Zip ____

6 lVATERGATE:VVeekinre~ew The Nixon tapes: one bug too ·many? By CINDY JAQUITH and about the cover-up in general . ' The failure of these two witnesses JULY 18-"President Nixon has been long before the president admits he to discredit Dean's accusations left maneuvered into a dangerously un­ knew anything about these matters. Nixon with little besides "executive tenable position," today's New York "The possibility should be recog­ privilege" to hide behind. And Sen­ Times editorial warned. Nixon's re­ nized from the start that the elaborate ator Ervin set about to destroy that fusal to turn over tapes of his meet­ and clandestine recording machinery line of defense as well. ings and conversations about Water­ might have failed at crucial moments," "Since . . . there is nothing in the gate "might well be fatal to his Pres­ the Times editorial pointed out, "and Constitution requiring the President to idency," the Times editors predicted. it must also be noted that in expert run for re-election," Ervin observed This latest turn in the Watergate hands tape recordings can be doc­ during his questioning of Mitchell, "I events began July 16 with the sur­ tored to make people say things that don't think that executive privilege prise testimony of Alexander Butter­ were never said." covers any political activities what­ field, a former deputy assistant to Nix­ But in any event, the sudden ad­ soever.•.. on and now head of the Federal Avia­ mission by the White House that these "I also take the position that ex­ tion Administration. Butterfield told tapes exist doesn't help Nixon's case. ecutive privilege does not entitle a the Senate Watergate committee that Why weren't the tapes produced long President to have kept secret infor­ in 1971 the Secret Service installed ago to refute the Dean charges, if in mation concerning criminal activities bugs in Nixon's Oval Office, the Cab­ fact his testimony against the pres­ of his aides or anybody else," Ervin inet Room, Nixon's office in the Exec-. ident is false? continued. utive Office Building, the Lincoln The entire set of tapes might be He concluded, "I don't believe there Room, and at Camp David, not to embarrassing not only to Nixon, but is anything in the Constitution that mention bugging the presidential to some of his recent international 'Remember, Not a Word to Him says the powers of the ·Presidency phone lines. visitors as well. What kind of infor­ About Sordid Political Activities' should be separated from truth." Nixon's refusal thus far to grant mation was recorded during the Nix­ Ervin twisted the knife a bit more on-Brezhnev talks, for example, about on July 16, when he read from Nix­ Soviet plans for new betrayals of the . . . Spectaculars built around sum­ on's book Six Crises. "I have never world revolution in return for diplo­ mit meetings don't work either.... " found a finer statement in respect to matic and trade deals with U.S. im­ Kraft's conclusion: "Perhaps there the desirability and the aim and ne­ perialism? is opening up the possibility of retire­ cessity of congressional investigations To the extent that the new bugging ment on the grounds of health. But than that made by the Congressman revelations further erode Nixon's cred­ if not, the outlook is for a President Richard M. Nixon," Ervin began with ibility, his ability to serve the inter­ who is, in effect, a long-term lame obvious delight. ests of capitalism here and abroad duck." He then read portions from the also suffer. As the July 9 editorial Another measure of Nixon's sag­ chapter "Politics With Honor," written in the Christian Science Monitor ex­ ging defense was th.e testimony last about Nixon's role in the House Un­ plained: "The lingering uncertainty is week by former attorney general John American Activities Committee hear­ not only clogging the machinery of Mitchell and White House aide Rich­ ings during the McCarthy witch-hunt. government, but damaging confidence ard Moore. Both told the Senate com­ "The committee," Nixon wrote, "... in America at home and abroad as mittee that Nixon was kept in the is investigating allegations that men evidenced in the decline of the stock dark all along about the Watergate exercising great financial power, great market and in the value of the dollar cover-up. political power, and great governmen­ on foreign exchanges." Mitchell went so far as to claim tal power have impaired, if not de­ In his column in the July 12 New that the president never even asked stroyed, the integrity of the process York Times, Anthony Lewis quoted him about Watergate, which prompted by which Presidents of the United from an article in the British Finan­ Senator Ervin to observe that "if the States are nominated and elected. cial Times. The article called for cat hadn't any more curiosity than "I do not know anything in which "something akin to a spiritual rebirth that, it would still be enjoying its nine the country could have a greater in­ . . . in the Presidential office" to "halt lives, all of them." terest than anything which requires the catastrophic decline in confidence Majority counsel Sam Dash was Congress to determine whether or not such conditions existed.... " NIXON: A long-term lome duck? in the dollar before it brings the rest more blunt with Mitchell. He asked of the international monetary house Mitchell point-blank: "is there really When it's a campaign to frame up down." any reason for this committee to be­ socialists and other dissenters, like the Writing in the July 17 Washington lieve your testimony?" McCarthy-period witch-hunt, Nixon is · the Senate committee access to the Post, columnist Joseph Kraft outlined The senators then made mincemeat all in favor of investigations and hear­ tapes of meetings in his office has the gloomy picture at the White House: out of· White ·House aide Richard ings. But now that the truth has be­ only deepened suspicions that the ". . . there is now widespread demand Moore. At one point Moore became gun to come out about the real crim­ tapes corroborate John Dean's charges that the President prove he can man­ so hopelessly confused in his own con­ inals- the crooks in the White House against him. In particular, Dean has age the economy effectively.... Mr. tradictory statements that he simply -Nixon is rushing for cover behind said that Nixon talked to him about Nixon's claim of peace with honor said "I'll let the answer stand, what­ the phony claim of "executive priv­ paying off the Watergate defendants in Indochina seems to be discredited. ever it is." ilege." The Watergate payoff man Herbert Kalmbach is one of the most Ulascewicz. Despite these clandestine have admitted that Kalmbach and sought-after attorneys in the country measures, Kalmbach claimed it never other Nixon campaign representatives - or was. His law firm currently rep­ occurred to him that the payments approached them for contributions in resents such giant financial interests might be less than ethical. Instead, 1972. In many cases, the appeal for as Atlantic-Richfield Company, United he said he thought the White House funds occurred at a time when the Air Lines, and Travelers Insurance was motivated by a "moral obliga­ companies faced potentially embar­ Company. Until he decided to testify tion to provide for lawyers for [the rassing investigations or costly inno­ for the Watergate prosecution, Kalm­ defendants] and for the support of vations to meet health standards. bach had another big client, Richard their families." In the July 15 ·New York Times, Nixon. Even Senator Edward Gurney (R­ Ben Franklin explains why these com­ Spectators during the Senate Water­ Fla. ), who has previously tried to panies felt a donation to the Repub­ gate hearings the week of July 16 protect the White House during the licans was going to a worthy cause. had an opportunity to learn firsthand hearings, could not stomach this bla­ For example, Kalmbach called Chrys­ what it means to be the president's tant lie. "If these activities were be­ ler board chairman Lynn Townsend personal attorney. lieved by you to be proper," he asked for a contribution. "This was a time Kalmbach told how in 1970 he Kalmbach, "then why did Mr. Ulasce­ when the auto industry ... was pre­ raised some $400,000 for a secret wicz at :;our instructions distribute the paring an aggressive campaign to re­ White House project aimed at defeat­ monies to the defendants and their lax or delay the Federal air pollu­ ing the re-election bid of Alabama attorneys in luggage locker rooms at tion standards on engine exhaust Governor George Wallace. Then· in National Airport and telephone emissions ...," Franklin writes. 1972 he collected $220,000 for pay­ booths and counters in restaurants "Mr. Townsend said that individual offs to Watergate defendants who oth­ and in trash cans?" Chrysler executives, pooling their gifts erwise might reveal the truth. Kalmbach has a few other questions through a compa~y-administered The arrangements for delivering this to answer as well. Top executives at fund, had given the Nixon campaign KALMBACH: Hit up big corporations hush money to the defendants in­ American Airlines, Chrysler Corpora­ an undisclosed amount. The emission for contributions to Nixon'scompoign. volved code words, secret pickups, tion, American Motors, Allied Chem­ standards were later postponed for and the hiring of Tony "Bagman" ical Corporation, and other big firms a year."

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 7 Nixon bombing continues u.s~ steps up diplomatic maneuvering as rebel forces close in on Phnompenh By DICK ROBERTS situation was "very grave" as Lon JULY 17-Amidst an increasingly N ol's forces retreat ever closer to the severe military threat to Phnompenh, capital. significant sectors of the American ruling class are suggesting that Presi­ dent Nixon dump the badly shaken Lon Nol' s 'health' Lon Nol regime and seek a compro­ There have been an increasing num­ mise with deposed Cambodian Prince ber of indications that Washington is Norodom Sihanouk. · dissatisfied with Lon N ol's perfor­ "... in Cambodia itself, the best mance. From Phnompenh, July 16, that can be hoped for is a nebulous New York Times correspondent Syd­ outcome, perhaps the return of Prince ney Schanberg wrote that "authorita­ Sihanouk as head of a coalition with tive sources here report that President heavy Communist representation," the Nixon sent President Lon N ol of Wall Street Journal declared in its Cambodia a letter early this month editorial column July 16. inviting him to come to the United Virtually every feport from the States ·for medical treatment related battlefront spells deep trouble for the to his stroke in 1971, but that the in­ Lon Nol regime. vitation was declined, reportedly in the belief that it was a move to ease "Cambodia sinks ever deeper into him out of power." crisis," said the July 23 issue of Time According to Schanberg's sources, magazine. "For a time, in late May, "a large number of Cambodians, as the Khmer insurgent offensive slowed, well as Americans, now view Marshal but in June the attacks began again, Lon Nol personally, and perhaps his this time concentrating on the area to entire ruling group, as standing in the the south and southwest of the capital. way of effective government here and Village after village was held briefly, of negotiations for a cease-fire with then abandoned after air strikes and the Communist-led insurgents and Cambodia's former ruler, Prince Norodom Sihanouk." Schanberg said that the "Lon Nol Government ... has lost almost all

the popular support that rallied to -~ ~ its side when it ousted Prince Si­ The weakness of the Lon Nol regime is revealed by its reliance on very young sol­ hanouk." diers like these.

Kissinger's mission to the conference table, or at least maneuvering between Washington and Clear evidence that Washington is cause him to change his mind about Peking and Moscow is under way, looking at Sihanouk in a new light meeting with Kissinger." aimed at imposing a "compromise" came when the Nixon administration settlement on Cambodia. This secret announced last week that it would like Le Duan in Moscow diplomacy is carefully concealed from Sihanouk to meet Henry Kissinger in On a trip related to the Cambodian the world's public. Sihanouk would Peking in August. Up to that point, situation, Hanoi Communist Party be doing the rebel forces in Cambodia Washington had refused to n~gotiate head Le Duan and Premier Pham Van a real service by demanding a halt with the ousted Cambodian leader. Dong were in Moscow this week. The to this secret diplomacy, which will do So far Sihanouk has refused to ac­ New York Times indicated possible nothing to further the interests of the cept the invitation. According to a differences between the North Viet­ Cambodian revolution. Reuters dispatch, Sihanouk explained namese officials and Moscow. that "any meeting with Mr. Kissinger "The talks here ended with a declara­ However, Sihanouk's past record LON NOL: Cambodian premier fears would offer President Nixon an excuse tion of solidarity with anti-Govern­ does not bode well for the future of Nixon's invitation to visit U.S. is part to tell Congress and the American ment 'patriotic forces of Cambodia' the Cambodian people. For more of a move to ease him out of power. people that negotiations were going but no public mention of the desira­ than two decades this onetime mon­ on. This, he said, would give Mr. bility of a cease-fire there, despite evi­ arch headed a capitalist government Nixon leverage with Congress to con­ dent Soviet interest in promoting a in Cambodia. The "neutrality" of his tinue the bombing after the [Aug. 15] settlement in Cambodia," New York artillery duels. For the government regime served as a cover for the im­ deadline in the hope that the attacks Times correspondent Hedrick Smith forces, disaster follows disaster. When perialist interests that dominated the would force the Sihanouk ·supporters reported from Moscow July 17. Kompong Kantuot near Phnom-Penh Cambodian economy. to the conference table to negotiate a "This phraseology was favorable to As the war in neighboring Vietnam was abandoned, the government cease-fire." the North Vietnamese just as Moscow was escalated by Washington, Si­ troops were forced to swim the Thnot scored a gain in obtaining Hanoi's hanouk's "neutrality" played into the River because insurgents had blown renewed pledge to abide by the Viet­ hands of the imperialists. This was the bridges. Some of the soldiers­ On July 10, however, according to nam cease-fire accord without ac­ one of the reasons Washington kept boys aged twelve to 15-drowned. Agence France-Presse, Sihanouk had cusing Washington and Saigon of secret its bombing of Cambodia be­ Those who escaped heard others, left suggested that the matter of beginning violations." fore the 1970 invasion. Sihanouk did behind and afraid to swim, weeping negotiations without loss of face could According to Smith, before the final not want the bombing publicized be­ in fear and despair." be solved by talks between Washing­ declaration was signed, Le Duan had cause it would have forced him to Newsweek magazine reported in its ton and leaders of the Khmer Rouge spoken at a Kremlin banquet and take a stronger stand against the July 23 issue: "The thing most likely liberation forces. According to AFP, "sharply accused the United States and hated U. S. aggressors. to happen is that the insurgents will "Sihanouk said Mr. Kissinger could the Saigon Government of 'seriously Washington's military intervention draw their noose still tighter around use the Chinese Premier, Chou En-lai, and systematically violating' the is the main prop of the dictatorial re­ Phnom Penh. In contrast to Vietnam, as an intermediary to put forward cease-fire agreement on Vietnam." gimes in Saigon and Phnompenh. this is no military stalemate. 'They proposals for negotiations with the Soviet party leader Leonid Brezh­ Without U.S. support, these regimes are winning the war,' a Western mili­ Cambodian Communists, thus 'leav­ nev spoke at the same banquet and would long ago have fallen to. the tary attache says candidly of the Com­ ing open a tiny door.'" "not only avoided repeating those rebel forces. munists. 'They have had the hell The Nixon administration views the charges but pointedly insisted on The future of Southeast Asia is for bombed out of them, and yet they situation somewhat differently. It ex­ 'complete and strict fulfillment' of the the people themselves to determine, are still coming on strong.' pects Peking to put the screws on Si­ cease-fire accord 'by all sides.'" and this means without U. S. inter­ "As the fighting and bombing have hanouk. "By week's end," Time re­ Brezhnev "did not criticize the vention in any way, shape, or form. moved closer to the capital, the main ported July 16, "there were indications United States," according to Smith, The refusal of Moscow and Peking roads leading into Phnom Penh have that pressures by the major powers and he "emphasized the gains of to come to the aid of the Cambodian become choked with refugees fleeing were having some effect in moving peaceful coexistence with the West." rebel forces against the U.S. bombers the countryside. Their fields have been Cambodia toward a cease-fire.... Meanwhile the United States continued and the Lon N ol dictatorship is the bombed, their homes burned, their Sihanouk ... revealed that Chou its murderous daily bombing of Cam­ latest chapter in their treacherous at­ friends and relatives killed and in­ En-lai had advised him that the Paris bodia. tempts to bludgeon the revolutionary jured." agreements prohibit China. from giv­ forces of Southeast Asia into giving up A general in the Phnompenh army ing the insurgents any more military Diplomatic maneuvers their liberation struggle and accepting told UPI July 15 that the military aid. This may push the prince closer It is apparent that secret diplomatic terms favorable toW ashington.

8 Challenges government P-rovocation Krivine & Roussel French Communist League still in jail From Intercontinental Press calls for commission of inquiry Alain Krivine, one of the central [The events of June 21-the date of leaders of the dissolved Ligue Com­ the clash between antifascist demon­ muniste, the French Trotskyist orga­ strators and police protecting a fas­ nization, remains in jail in Paris as cist meeting in Paris-are still far from of July 16. Krivine has been charged clear. Soon after the events many ob­ under the witch-hunt "antiwrecker law" servers, including Gerard Monatte, gen­ with having organized the June 21 eral jsecretary of the largest police antifascist demonstration in Paris. Vio­ union, pointed to strange elements in lence provoked by the police at the the government's version of what had demonstration was the excuse the happened. regime used to ban the Ligue. [By the time the Communist League The "antiwrecker law" allows the -the French section of the Fourth government to charge leaders of an International and the principal orga­ organization with responsibility for nizer of the antifascist demonstration any violence that occurs at a demon­ -had been banned on June 28, there stration that the group sponsored. Kri­ were already sharp disagreements vine thus faces one to five years in among the police themselves over who jail despite the fact that he was not was at fault for the violence. even present in Paris on June 21 and [What really happened is not only was only tangentially involved in importa11t because the June 21 dem­ planning the demonstration. Also in onstration was the pretext for banning prison is Pierre Rousset, another cen­ the League, but because the charges Marchers in Bonn organized by German Trotskyists protest ban on Communist le-ague. tral leader of the ex-Ligue, who was against Alain Krivine, a leading mem­ arrested by police during a ransacking ber of the ex-League, are based on the of the Ligue's headquarters on June fact that violence occurred June 21. things calm; no immediate confronta­ ministers. As for the far-right leaflet 22. [The following article, reprinted from tion feared." handed out in cert~in precincts calling On June 10 Judge Alain Bernard the July 6 issue of the newspaper Gerard Monatte confirms: "The ques­ on the police to go on strike, it got ruled favorably on a motion filed by Rouge, demands answers to some of tion is whether this nonsense was de­ hardly any response. Monatte's union Krivine's attorney, Yves J ouffa, de­ these questions from Minister of the liberate or an accident." The police manding provisional release for his Interior Raymond Marcellin. The federation has things well in hand. prefecture admits to having been "sur­ client. But the government prosecutor translation is by Intercontinental Finally, a third point. The results prised" by the number of demonstra­ refused to accept the decision and im­ Press.] of Marcellin's operation have not met tors. Monatte continues: "The leaders with unanimity within the Council of mediately filed an appeal. The of the police forces can all the less Ministers. Some center ministers (like chambre d'accusation has thirty days to rule on the appeal. Marcellin engages in political wheel­ claim surprise in that they must have Stasi) and some UDR [Union des De­ recalled the serious and absolutely ing and dealing the same way he mocrats pour la Republique- Union Contributions to help in the fight swings a police club -with clumsy, analogous incidents that occurred of Democrats for the Republic, the crass, and dull-witted blows; to such March 9, 1971, at the Porte de Ver­ Gaullist party] ministers (e.g., Tait­ against the banning of the Com­ an extent that after the June 21 demo, sailles." tinger, minister of justice) have stated munist League can be sent to: [Gerard] Monatte (leader of the larg­ their disagreement. In fact, occurring M. F. Kahn, 15 rue Clerc, 75007 And another aspect around which est of the police trade unions) ac­ as they do at the moment that subtle explanations must be requested: the Paris, France. cused him outright of being either a regroupments are going on among presence, on June 21, of individuals manipulator or an incompetent. the right, the center opposition, and The July 12 issue of the Paris daily in civilian clothes known for their ties Le Monde, which reported the govern­ L'Humanite, Le Monde, and le Ca­ the center-right- speeded up by Pom­ to the far right and used in curious nard enchain€ all published similar pidou's illness- Marcellin-the-cop's ment's appeal on page one, published ways: some were found among excerpts of several statements pro­ reports: Marcellin and the prefect of the demonstrators throwing Molotov police were said to have set things testing the government's refusal to ac­ cocktails at the police; others were on cept Bernard's decision. The Commu­ up so that the confrontations would r ~ the other side, grenades in hand, right nist party daily l'Humanite, for ex­ take place in the worst possible con­ next to the police in uniform. Their ample, wrote: "It was on the basis of ditions for the police. Protest in S.F. deployment was so obvious that a the charges known to him that the ex­ L'Humanite wrote on June 28: "Ten On Saturday, July 14, the French commissioner was asked about these amining magistrate [Bernard] made minutes before the most violent clashes Consul General in San Francisco "reinforcements" and transmitted a his decision, the only legal and fair on the Rue Monge, the forces of order held a cocktail party at the Hall report to his superiors asking about one. The intervention of the prosecu­ had had to fall back. A message was of Flowers in Golden Gate Park these "unofficial teams." tor is nothing but scandalous. And to sent out over the police airwaves in honor of Bastille Day. The And we recall the existence of a say the prosecutor is to say the regime. directed to all units then on duty. The wealthy members and friends of " mysterious panel truck that was said More than anyone, Marcellin [minister message was clear, and it said in sub­ French high society were met by to have been supplying the demon­ of the interior] knows how arbitrary stance: nothing to report on any front; chanting picketers demanding that strators with cocktails and various the French government end its ban these arrests and prosecutions are. He other projectiles. Marcellin accuses on the Communist League and therefore fears a just decision· and the Ligue of having used this vehicle. free League leaders Krivine and would disavow it and try to hold But his cops know full well (since they Rousset. it back." had the Ligue' s office under surveil­ The leaflet distributed at the pick­ Statements protesting the govern­ lance for a whole day before the et began, "Today is Bastille Day, ment appeal also came from the So­ demonstration) that there was no pa­ the 184th anniversary of the great cialist party, the League for the Rights nel truck shuttling between the head­ French Revolution. The revolution of Man, and the Federation d'Ensei­ quarters and the Latin Quarter. of 1789 declared the inalienable gnement N ationale, the country's If Marcellin (in agreement with rights of the French people to free­ largest teachers union. Ordre Nouveau?) wanted to use the dom of speech and political dis­ fascist meeting as an excuse to dis­ sent." The leaflet described the re­ solve the Ligue, then he succeeded. cent government attacks on civil But that does not throw us off the liberties and demanded a reversal track. Any revolutionary organi­ of these policies. The picket line zation really struggling in action was sponsored by the Socialist against the bourgeois state or its aux­ Workers Party and the Young So- iliary gangs is an organization on re­ '-cialist Alliance. ./ prieve ,that must know that it is risk­ ing its existence. Moreover, Marcellin knows perfectly well that the dissolu­ crude blunders are having a bad ef­ tion of the Ligue does not mean that fect. its militants will put an end to their In any case, too many disturbing activity or cease spreading their ideas. elements are piling up around the But if, on the other hand, Marcellin events of June 21 for us to be satis­ believed that his machinations would fied. The editorial board of .Rouge strengthen the fascistized wing among has decided, with the assistance of the police and weaken the (majority) some well-known personalities, to con­ "democratic" tendency within them, stitute a commission of inquiry. And then he failed completely. The impres­ if this commission of inquiry confirms French Socialist Party head Francois sion of the police in operation at the the hypothesis that there was a plot POMPIDOU: If his government can get Mitterrand (right) walks with Alain Krivine Rue Monge that they had fallen into . on June 21, will Marcellin be hauled away with suppressing the league, more in public display of solidarity. Shortly a trap can only intensify their unease into court for violation of the "anti­ attacks on workers' organizations will afterwards, Krivine was arrested. and increase their defiance of thei.J" wrecker" law? We shall soon see. follow.

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 9 In Our Opinion Letters

July 26--Vwa Cuba! Real socialist movement This July 26 is the twentieth anniversary of the attack led by Honest election? At present I am a graduate student, On July 4, the New York Times Fidel Castro on the Moncada army barracks in Santiago working for a masters degree in the carried an article about an de Cuba. His small group of revolutionary fighters was de­ philosophy of religion, but of late election in Yokosuka, Japan. The feated, and a terrible retribution was exacted as Batista's have become convinced that revolu­ Times says that when U.S. nuclear henchmen tortured and cold-bloodedly murdered most of the tionary socialism, as represented by submarines began calling at the captured rebels. But their heroic action marked the beginning the world Trotskyist movement, is port of Yokosuka, "leftists played on . of a struggle that led to victory over the Batista dictatorship the only viable and real socialist the J apanes·e 'nuclear allergy'- a five-and-a-half years later, and to the socialist transformation movement. holdover from the atomic bombing of Cuba. I have had contacts with your of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in The Cuban people kicked out the imperialist exploiters, na­ movement before and consider it as 1945 -to make the city a hotbed tionalized industry, and carried out a thoroughgoing land representing the real aspirations of of anti-American agitation." This the working class. reform. Today Cuba provides education and medical care "nuclear allergy" has meant that the C.M. voters of Yokasuka have elected on a scale unknown in any other Latin American country, Dubuque, Iowa what the Times called "leftist" admin­ while unemployment, hunger, illiteracy, and racial discrimina­ istrations for the last 16 years. tion have virtually been eliminated. Now this has changed. The current upheavals in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay On July 3, Kazuo Yokoyama, the testify to the unfulfilled aspirations of the masses in countries The Militant in Paris candidate of the pro-U.S. Liberal still under the imperialist yoke, and to the immediacy of the Not until I came to France to Democratic and Democratic so: Cuban example. The path of uncompromising struggle against study and work was I aware of the cialist parties, beat the candidate imperialism and its native agents, the path blazed by revolu­ influence of the Fourth International. backed by the Communist, So­ tionary Cuba, points the way forward for the rest of Latin But in a few months I have grown cialist, and Komei ("clean govern­ America. to respect its analyses of world ment") parties. That is why the Washington rulers stop at nothing in their events and its militant actions aimed This upset, according to the efforts to crush this inspiring example: the Bay of Pigs in­ at building a widespread revo­ governor of the state that Yokosuka vasion, nuclear blackmail, assassination, sabotage, economic lutionary movement. is a part of, means "that Yokosuka wants to turn into a peaceful port strangulation through boycott and blockade. The imperial­ In France, where the tradition of class struggle is deeply engrained city, rejecting the ideology which ists in their arrogance even maintain a military base on and where nearly two-thirds of the calls for drastic changes such as Cuban soil at Guantanamo. population is in favor of disposing the immediate abrogation of the Watergate provides fresh evidence of the intimate ties be­ in one way or another of the United States-Japan Security tween the U. S. government and the counterrevolutionary ruling capitalist regime, the Treaty." Cuban exiles aptly called gusanos, or worms. For the most Ligue Communiste is considered Is that so? In light. of the part former pimps, gangsters, businessmen, and other para­ such a threat to the ruling powers recent Watergate revelations, as sites, these gusanos now serve as trusted agents for Nixon that it was recently pronounced well as the proven role of the as they did for Johnson and Kennedy before him. Their legally dissolved, as Militant CIA in intervening in elections services are purchased with promises that someday, with readers are no doubt already in foreign countries, I wonder about the Pentagon's and CIA's help, capitalist slavery can be re­ aware in full detail. this election. Don't you think that imposed on the Cuban people. Upon my return to the U.S. Uncle Sam is concerned about the danger to his military power posed The U. S. attempt to isolate Cuba has suffered reverses in several months, I pledge my full and active support to the by the deep hatred of the Japanese lately. Cuba now has diplomatic relations with 68 govern­ SWP. In the meantime, perhaps masses not only for what the ments, including Argentina, Barbados, Chile, Guyana, Ja­ I can be of help in some small U. S. did at Hiroshima and maica, Mexico, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago in Latin way. There is a sizable American Nagasaki, but also for the U.S. war America. It is high time for the U. S. to take the same step. studtmt population in Paris and I'm of aggression against Vietnam? A Harris poll conducted this spring showed that the majority certain that weekly sales of The Don't you think the U.S. may be of the people in this country favor diplomatic relations with Militant would be a successful pouring millions into the campaigns Cuba. venture. of candidates willing to support its This twentieth anniversary is an occasion for celebrating In closing, let me congratulate military bases remaining in Japan? the victory of the first socialist revolution in the Western Hemi­ The Militant on its exceptional P.S. sphere. It should also be the occasion for renewing our de­ coverage of the Watergate scandal Brooklyn, N.Y. mands that the U. S. stop its attacks on Cuba, get out of and the awesome, systematic Guantanamo, end the economic boycott, and recognize Cuba. repressive tactics of the U. S. government. J. c. Paris, France Reconverted I'm back. I'm the guy from the upper-middle-class background who was convinced of the need for 'Thanks' socialism because I couldn't find a summer job. Well, my More lies exposed fhis is a short letter of thanks to anger abated somewhat, although you for granting us the coverage in U.S; B-52 bombers made at least 3,500 secret bombing raids my convictions didn't, when I your newspaper by carrying our over Cambodia before Nixon ordered the invasion of Cam­ found a job in a cutlery at a low ·letter and the "Three Just Demands" bodia in 1970. Former Major Hal Knight, who fmally de­ but decent enough wage for the in your June 29 issue. cided he could no longer go along with the dirty work he summer. had been assigned to, has revealed that he had been ordered The events since we began ap­ pearing in front of the judge in Last Tuesday my faith in the to falsify bombing reports and destroy all evidence of what capitalist system was completely Buffalo reaffirm our contention that restored when I was fired on two­ he was doing. the only significant help will come days notice! The reason given was Those who authorized the cover-up included Melvin Laird, from the will of the people because that they needed permanent help now a top Nixon aide, and General Creighton Abrams, now all· of our legal inotions are blatant­ and had to let me go. Army Chief of Staff. ly being denied. It's one thing to read about such Knight testified that he decided to tell the truth after the. H. S.D. things and quite another to Pentagon prosecuted Air Force Commander General John An Attica Indictee experience them. Lavelle for conducting "unauthorized" raids against North D.S. Vietnam in 1971. Allegany, N. Y. Interestingly, the White House has responded that there is no comparison between Knight's and Lavelle's raids, be­ The Astros cause the Lavelle raids were "unauthorized," but Knight's In the July Playboy I found a raids "were approved up and down the line." All this means statement that might interest you. An old-timer is that there were more liars involved in the Cambodia bomb­ Astronaut James Lovell Jr. said, ing than in the raids over North Vietnam. "Up the line," of "We've never sent any women into Enclosed is $1 for an introductory space because we haven't had a course, refers to Richard Nixon, commander-in-chief, and subscription. I always bought the good reason to. We fully envision, one of the most notorious liars who has ever held public old socialist paper called Appeal to however, that in the near future Reason. office. we will fly women into space and use H.W. When Nixon ordered the invasion of Cambodia. he de­ them the same way we use them Woodstown, N.J. scribed it as "hot pursuit" and "protective reaction." The Knight on earth ..jfor the same purposes." revelations now show that the U. S. had invaded Cambodia R.P. with its murderous bombers months before. Oceanport, N.J. Knight's revelations of yet more government lies should add new momentum to the growing outcry against the con­ tinuing bombing of Cambodia.

10 i La Raza en AcciOn! Miguel

'Behavior modification' I would like to add some informa­ tion about the START program Safeway-~the happiness store'? presently being conducted at the Among the many instances of noise pollution that cides. Farm workers suffered ill effects just from Medical Center for Federal radio and TV listeners in Southern California are handling the stuff. Prisoners in Springfield, Mo., subjected to is a banal, bouncy jingle that goes, Last fall, Safeway donated substantial sums to that was referred to in Baxter "Safeway is ... the happiness store!" support Proposition 22 on the California ballot. If Smith's column on "'Behavior I can see where the owners of Safeway have some­ passed, this measure would have made it all but modification' for Prisoners" (The thing to grin about. Last year their 2,318 stores impossible to organize an agricultural union. Militant, July 6). did $5.3-billion worth of business. In May, the Cost of Living Council found that START stands for Special But lately Safeway officials have expressed concern Safeway was selling meats at from one to 20 cents Treatment and Rehabilitative over the money they are losing due to the boycott over federal ceilings at more than 600 stores. Training. The purpose of the pro­ being carried out against them by the United Farm A few months ago the Interfaith Committee to Aid gram is to find ways to kill the Workers Union. Farm Workers discovered through independent lab­ will to resist of such prisoners who Farm workers are on strike because they want to oratory tests that Safeway was selling hamburger cannot "adjust" to regular penal join the union of their choice-the UFW -and im­ marked "lean" and "extralean" with extra fat violating institutions. The program is still prove their lives. Farm workers, many of them Chi­ federal standards. These same tests also found that in the experimental state, meaning canos, are forced to work for miserly wages and ground pork was being sold as ground beef, and that the prison officials really under horrible working conditions. The growers want ground beef as ground lamb (at a higher price, of don't know what they're doing. to keep them this way. The UFW has called for a course). The program has two immediate boycott of scab grapes and lettuce and a total boy­ The Interfaith Committee has sued the market effects however: 1) it relieves cott of Safeway and A& P stores. chain, saying that it cheats customers out of $85- pressures on prison officials by million annually in this way. segregating the "troublemakers" in Safeway claims to be an "innocent victim" and pro­ Safeway has ~lso been found to be mislabeling rib an isolated unit, and 2) it makes fesses to be "neutral" in what it terms a "jurisdictional steaks as club steaks, clubs as T-bones, T-bones as life as hard as possible for the dispute between rival unions." Yet far from being Porterhouse, and Swiss steaks as round. In each "troublemakers." a neutral, innocent victim, Safeway is the largest case, of course, a cheaper cut was being fraudulently Since a prisoner must "cooperate" purchaser of scab grapes and lettuce. It has inter­ sold as a more expensive one. in order to get out of the START vened in the strike, on the side of the growers. In recent months Safeway has been found selling unit, it is likely that START will - Safeway has no concern for the well-being of the bug-infested health food cookies and putrid pork simply become a convenient place farm workers who pick the produce from which it chops and misusing "USDA Choice" labels on non­ to isolate political radicals for profits. Neither is the capitalist giant concerned with choice meats. the duration of their sentences. the well-being of its customers. The only concern of If Safeway, as the biggest grocery chain in the Edward Sanchez, one of six this multibillion-dollar outfit is with profits. country, could be forced to stop carrying scab pro­ prisoners who are on a strike of It doesn't matter to them that the scab grapes they duce, other stores would probably follow suit and the total noncooperation, asks that are selling do not meet minimum standards for sugar growers would be beaten. letters protesting the program be content. A few months ago, scab lettuce on Safeway Support the struggle of the farm workers for a written to: Norman A. Carlson, shelves had to be confiscated by federal inspectors better life, and protect your health- don't shop Safe­ U. S. Bureau of Prisons, Depart­ because it was dangerously contaminated with pesti- way! ment of Justice, Washington, D. C. 20537. Louella Wooley Warrensburg, Mo. National Picket Line

Wants a critique Frank Lovell The Militant has often criticized the Communist Party and other radical organizations, but I have yet to see a critique of the program of the So­ cialist Labor Party and De Leonism. Murder cover-up l think such a critique would be The cruelties of Thieu's barbaric regime in South ris Palladino, director of the Asian-American Free interesting. Vietnam have been recounted many times. Protests Labor Institute. This body is a beneficiary of the S.M. against the Saigon butcher's official visit to Nixon $11. 5-million slush fund supplied annually to the Colorado Springs, Colo. last spring told of 300,000 political prisoners. A AFL-CIO by the U.S. Administration for Interna­ Time magazine reporter, David DeVoss, described tional Development (AID). On-the-scene organizing some released prisoners as "grotesque sculptures of in Vietnam for such operations is under the direction scarred flesh and gnarled limbs.... years of being of the CIA. We agree shackled in the tiger cages have forced them into In addition, the AFL-CIO decided to send a "special Webster's defines woman thusly: "an a permanent pretzel-like crouch." mission" to Vietnam, consisting of Thomas Gleason, adult female person." Those were some of Thieu's victims who survived. president of the International Longshoremen's As­ In Linda Jenness' "Wom~n in Re­ The mutilated corpses of others are carted out of sociation; Hunter Wharton, president of the Operating volt" column on sports (Militant the prisons daily. Engineers; as well as Palladino, who is also an July 13) she refers to a softball team In the face of these facts, AFL-CIO bureaucrats assistant to Jay Lovestone in the AFL-CIO Inter­ organized for "young women be­ in Washington have tried to maintain the pretense national Affairs department. tween the ages of B and 15" and la­ that a free and viable trade-union movement exists Nothing was heard of the "special mission" for ter to a boxing program for "six- to under the Thieu dictatorship. a couple of months. 16-year-old women." Admittedly, Last February Tran Quoc Buu, the 58-year-old It now appears that some CVT affiliates in South there is a big difference between 6 president of the Vietnamese Confederation of Labor Vietnam tried to act like unions should. On April 17 and B and 15 and 16 year olds, but (CVT), came to this country. He warned against there was a brief strike of 100 railroad workers to refer to 6- and 8-year-old girls as the "weak" terms of the cease-fire agreements, echoing in Central Vietnam. The leaders and supporters of Thieu's objections at that time. "young women" is somewhat prema­ the strike were arrested and thrown in jail. Upon his return to Saigon, Buu sent cables to ture. There is nothing disparaging or Among those jailed was Pham Van Hi, leader union officials here and in Europe reporting the insulting about referring to a girl as of an association of private bank workers. "brutal assassination" on Feb. 22 of CVT leader a girl; on the contrary, it is a A July 3 dispatch from the New York Times cor­ Cao Van Nang, allegedly killed by National Lib­ respondent in Saigon, Fox Butterfield, said, "Viet­ weighty responsibility to be asked to eration Front fighters. namese familiar with the case charge ... Pham Van assume the role of an adult before The CVT, which claims a membership of 500,000, Hi ... was tortured to death by the police." such time has arrived. is deeply involved in Saigon politics. According to The report further said that "American officials Martha Harris the March 7 Christian Science Monitor, the Thieu say they have been assured by the Saigon Govern­ Brooklyn, N. Y. regime "is counting on the CVT and its allied po­ ment that Mr. Hi committed suicide." litical organization- a farmer-labor party ... for "By coincidence," the Times article noted, "the dis­ support in elections that will decide the political sys­ closure of Mr. Hi's death came while an A. F. L.­ The letters column is an open forum tem and order in South Vietnam." C. I. 0. delegation was in Saigon examining the prog­ for all viewpoints on subjects of gen­ On receiving word of Nang's death, AFL-CIO Pres­ ress of organized labor in South Vietna·m." eral interest to our readers. Please ident George Meany immediately responded with a This AFL-CIO delegation was not identified as the keep your letters brief. Where neces­ vigorous public protest, noting that the AFL-CIO Gleason-Wharton-Palladino "special mission." But sary they will be abridged. Please in­ executive council had previously urged "vigilant and four U.S. "labor leaders" had scheduled an audience dicate if your name may be used or stern protective measures against saboteurs and ter­ with Thieu befoxe leaving Saigon July 6. if you prefer that your initials be used rorists." He pledged "to encourage and assist the There will be no campaign by the AFL-CIO against instead. CVT in its vital role in the development of a free, Thieu's prison conditions nor any expose of the democratic, and prosperous South Vietnam." brutal assassination of Pham Van Hi-unless the The aid Meany promised is siphoned through Mor- U.S. embassy orders it. A most unlikely prospect.

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 11 The Great Society Harry Ring

Whafs so crazy?- The 1971 movie Hot tip- Tell the foreman you insist No badge for being prepared- Phila­ dud Hail to the Chief is being re­ on working harder during the sum­ delphia Girl Scouts will no longer launched. It's about a paranoid presi­ mer months. It's the best way to beat earn merit badges for learning about dent who masterminds his own assas­ the heat. Anyway, that's the advice sexual development, pregnancy, con­ sination plot to justify seizing total of Dr. Bette Stephenson, chairwoman traception, and abortion. The Scout power. Says producer Norman Co­ of the Canadian Medical Ass'n. "When program, To Be a Woman, will be hen, "I guess people are ready now to your mind is active," she said, "you continued, but because of pressure look at a movie about a crazy presi­ are not as aware of the heat as when from the Catholic hierarchy, a merit dent." you are idle." And if you use your badge will no longer be attached to it. back more than your brain that helps Note to ITT and other stocking stuf­ circulate the air, right? Check it out- Chicago will be the site fers- The National Park Service said of the first of a chain of pet motels. a permanent Xmaa tree is planned Matter of perspective- The Oil & Gas Individual suites will feature mini­ for the White House lawn. Journal warns against the "knee-jerk beds, astroturf carpeting, and piped­ reaction" of "extreme liberals" howl­ in stereo. "We've also spent $250,000 Of piety and profits- The Reverend ing for oil nationalization. "True," on an environmental system which Rex Humbard is taking his Cathedral the Journal concedes, first-quarter humidifies, cools, heats, and changes of Tomorrow out of the girdle busi­ profits are up "substantially over the the air," said operator Robert Leeds. ness .. In the Cathedral's magazine, he same period last year. In some cases "When it's operating, our inside en­ said there were two reasons for getting they're a record." But it's simply a vironment is cleaner than any Chi­ rid of the Real Form Girdle Co.: "No. matter of putting this in "proper eco­ cago hospital." Rates? Minimum for 1, I felt the Lord would have it that nomic perspective." Like ain't it rea­ a small dog, $2.7 5 a day, with way. No. 2, the thing quit making sonable that the big five enjoyed a graduated scale based on size and money because you women quit wear­ first-quarter net take of $1.45-billion, eating capacity. Leeds says his motto ing girdles and started wearingpanty..; a mere 2 6 percent increase over the is "Pets Before Profits," but he does ;Let's Look At The Bright Side - Maybe It's hose." same period last year? expect to turn a profit. Taking People's Minds Off Inflation" Women In Re.volt

Linda Jenness~~~:~~;;]~""'" ... ~-<;"~- ~;;...---~;-. -'* .,..,,,,,w·-, "t~;ooj,;.·~.: ,.;,.,: .... ~ -,...:w*"'~ ~--- No substitute for a good job fhe Joint Economic Committee of Congress held pointed out at the hearings that of seven recent on welfare to live. hearings recently to "gather factual evidence and studies on women's job discrimination, only one Of course, there could be another reason why the expert opinions" about discrimination of women showed a differential between male and female council's facts were so off base. It could be that on the job. The hearings were chaired by Martha wages as low as 20 percent. This was the one they.just don't give a damn. Griffiths ( D-Mich.). the council quoted. Some of the other studies ran The hearings disclosed that government agencies Among the first to testify was Herbert Stein, as high as 46 percent. One study, for example, that do weather forecasting or collect tariffs have chairman of Nixon's Council of Economic Ad­ showed that the average earnings of college grad­ staffs six times larger than the staff of the Equal visers. Stein reported that "sophisticated" studies uates between the ages of 25 and 34 were $10,- Employment Opportunity Commission. That com­ show a "residual differential of 10 to 20 percent 677 for males and $5,812 for women. mission is supposed to investigate both race and in their earnings that women suffer simply because Also, the council was blinded by the notion that sex discrimination. It currently has a backlog of they are women." women only work for pin money, so they distorted 65,000 cases. Even though the "residual differential" is more the already distorted unemployment figures. In Stein admitted that of the 50 staff members of like 40 percent, the fact that Nixon's council ad­ fact, they said, "since women chronically have his council, only two of them spend one-third of mitted to any discrimination at all is a step higher unemployment rates than men and are their time dealing with discrimination. forward. This is the same council that issued a an increasing fraction of the labor force, a given After predicting that the disparity between men's report last January saying that the differences in overall unemployment rate is less serious than it and women's unemployment rates would widen men's and women's earnings could not be attributed used to be." Less serious to them perhaps, but not in the future, Stein tried to end on a cheery note. to discrimination "because there are differences of to the women involved. He told the hearings that Secretary of LabQr opinion about what should be classified as dis­ They claim it's not "too serious" if women are . Peter Brennan planned to change the name of the crimination." unemployed because they assume that women don't Manpower administration to Humanpower admin­ But still, the council's figures are 20 to 30 per­ have to work. However, two-thirds of all women istration. cent off. Where did they go wrong? in the labor force are either single, divorced, wid­ That's a real nice gesture and we appreciate It might be that they are just fudging a little owed, separated, or have husbands who earn less it. But if Brennan thinks it's a substitute for a on the facts before them. For instance, it was than $7,000 a year-and they have to work or go good job and equal pay, he's in for a surprise.

By Any Means Necessary Baxter Smith Kawaida; Shockley's theories On July 10 a New Jersey superior court judge experiment on Black intellect. Shockley feels he grain, all of these people will face a full-year of brushed aside a series of legal challenges to the can prove the concept of Black inferiority by "test­ hunger as they await next years harvest. ... We construction of Kawaida Towers housing project ing" the amount of "white" blood in the veins of poor people are saying, even though we don't have in Newark. His decision· thus allows construction these intellectuals. enough to eat ourselves, we are willing to have a to resume on the 16-story, $6.4-million low-to­ According to Shockley, if there's more than 20 little stronger growl in our stomach to save the middle-income housing project. It had been stalled percent "white" blood, which he claims is the na­ lives of millions of men, women and children." for several months by white racist opponents led tional average for Black people, in the veins of The embassies of the affected countries have by Newark Assemblyman Anthony Imperiale. He these intellectuals, this will prove the theory that made ships available to carry the relief to Africa. falsely claimed that plans for the project had not Blacks obtain their intelligence from their "white NWRO, PUSH, and the other groups plan to been submitted to the Newark Central Planning ancestors." gather $1-million in food to send over. Board and that the project had been given an The transistor is a scientific advance over the Nixon, despite all talk about the "sanctity of illegal tax exemption. ·vacuum tube. The old tubes would get hot, life," in contrast to this generous act of solidarity Imperiale has also barked that if the Towers wouldn't last as long, but would glow when turned is doling out aid with an eyedropper. are completed, crime will increase in the area be­ on. Transistors may not glow, but at least Shock­ cause the project's sponsor, the Temple of Ka­ ley is consistent. His ideas on Black intelligence e A group of prisoners at South Carolina Cen- · waida, headed by Imamu Baraka," is a Black na­ aren't too bright either. tral Prison in Columbia, S. C., held an African tionalist organization. Liberation Day demonstration on May 26. A e Operation PUSH, the. National Welfare Rights spokesman wrote to us that despite the fact that e The inventor of the transistor, William Shockley, Organization, the Interreligious Foundation for permission had been granted, prison officials tried has a new idea. Shockley is a physics professor Community Organization, and other groups have to harass protesters by denying them any cold at Stanford University and is also known for his begun a campaign to gather foodstuffs to send to drinks or ice on the hot day. In addition, shot­ racist theories on Black genetic inferiority. the six drought-stricken sub-Saharan African coun­ gun-armed guards prowled the prison yard itching Recently he requested Roy Wilkins,· director of tries where millions face starvation. for a confrontation. The day's program, which the NAACP, to present him with 100 or 200 "out­ According to a NWRO statement, "Unless they included cultural events and outside speakers, how­ standing Black American intellectuals" for a new receive large emergency shipments of food and ever, came off without incident.

12 A WEEKLY INTERNATIONAL SUPPLEMENT TO THE MILITANT BASED ON SELECTIONS FROM INTERCONTINENTAL PRESS, A NEWSMAGAZINE REFLECTING THE VIEWPOINT OF REVOLUTIONARY SOCIALISM.

JULY 27, 1973

for with the disappearance of Peron­ ist influence in the mass movement, 8.r2lan to J2Ut a brake on workers strugg~ the doors will remain open to the taking of power by the workers. Per6n is returning at a time when, unlike the situation during his pre­ vious governments, the capitalist sys­ Behind Peron's return to Argentina tem is in a wretched state of affairs [The following article was published placing the mainsprings of produc­ the face of the inability of the system and lacks any medium- or long-range in the June 20-27 issue of Avanzada tion and distribution under its con­ to solve its problems and those of solutions. He is coming back to a Socialista, the weekly newspaper of trol. On the contrary, he intends to the country; and second, because the workers movement that has gone the Argentine Partido Socialista de los carry out "National Reconstruction" economic crisis and imperialist exploi­ through four years of big mobiliza­ Trabajadores (PST- Socialist Work­ without in any fundamental sense lay­ tation will become increasingly sharp tions that have left it with rich ex­ ers Party). Since then, on July 13, Ar­ ing a hand on private ownership of and will undermine the foundations periences and a new determination to gentine President Hector Campora re­ the means of production and exchange of the bosses' agreement. Temporary continue the struggle. He is return­ signed from office, promising new elec­ -industry, land, trade. Thus he improvements in the economic situa­ ing to defend a weak government, tions and opening the way for Per6n's brought about the "Social Pact" [an tion and partial retreats in mobili­ badly situated in the quagmire of this formal assumption of power. agreement between the bosses and the zations could postpone this inevitable situation, that has seen itself forced [Although it is still too early to eval­ labor bureaucrats on social peace and process for a time. During this respite to grant democratic freedoms on a uate all the implications of this new a truce on social struggles], which, scale never before known. The work­ development, one aspect was stressed once again, lays the consequences of ers will make use of and defend these by James Nelson Goodsell, writing in the economic crisis upon the shoulders democratic freedoms, conscious of the the Christian Science Monitor July 16. of the workers; it does this with the fact that they are the fruit of their [Many of Per6n's former opponents, consent of all the country's exploiters, own struggle, not of any brilliant stra­ Goodsell claims, "regard his candida­ who came together in what the oli­ tegic maneuvering on the part of Gen­ eral Per6n. cy as the only viable solution to Ar­ garchic d~ily La Nacibn termed "the gentina's growing list of problems in­ most complete and representative busi­ During his government, Per6n had cluding a lack of political leadership. ness gathering held in more than a sharp frictions with imperialism. These frictions could again occur, and . . . Moreover, given the growth of quarter century." if there is no letup in the pace of leftist strength both within and with­ This attempt at National Recon­ out the Peronista movement, the mod­ struction, which General Per6n has _ .. .; . DE LA ~ workers struggles, they could lead to erates and conservatives who once op­ just strengthened with his presence, the taking of positive measures that, posed Mr. Peron now see the former has as one of its bases respect for : c1~ SU TRABAJO IJ1"c:: although partial, would recover for dictator as the best way-to curb this the fundamental interests of imperial­ the country some sector of our econ- 1 v 091-Y presently dominated by the mo­ leftist strength." ism and its monopolies, which, set .... nopolies. The workers movement must [The translation of the article is by up on our soil, are sucking out the support this type of measures and Intercontinental Press.] wealth of the country. This is shown first of all by the nearly total absence struggle to make them more and more of measures leading to the expulsion deepgoing, without having any faith of these monopolies, and second, by in either the government or Per6n to After eighteen years in exile, Gen­ the warmly approving commentaries carry them to their logical conclusion. eral Peron is returning to the country. on the government of President Cam­ Every extension of democratic free­ His return is cause for rejoicing for pora by the big bourgeoisie's press doms and every anti-imperialist mea­ the majority of the Argentine people, in the United States. sure will provoke a reaction from im­ who remember the great gains made Finally, Per6n is returning in order perialism and the oligarchy. The during his governments- the stan­ to personally put a brake on all strug­ workers must defend the government dard of living, the formation of mas­ gles of the workers movement that from any attack by the forces of re­ sive unions that gave strength to the might constitute a danger for the boss­ action; in doing so they can count workers movement, and the nation­ es' government of Dr. Campora. In on the total support of our party, alization of imperialist companies. Pe­ order to do this, he will use all the the Partido Socialista de los Traba­ ron's return is one more in a line prestige he still has with the working jadores. of victories won by the working class class to try to convince it to passively But defending the government in the during the course of the struggles that agree to the. role of silent partner to face of reaction, and supporting the have been dealing blows to the re­ the Great Bosses Agreement put to­ positive measures that it might take, gime of the bosses since May 29, gether around this government. The must not mean either compromise or 1969, the date of the Cordobazo. plea by Abal Medina on behalf of the slightest political support on th_e . But General Peron is not coming the Movimiento Nacional Peronista part of the working class for the gov­ back in order to head up these strug­ [National Peronist Movement], during ernment and Peron, since they are gles all the way until the oligarchy which he called for an end to the oc­ the present representatives of the per­ and imperialism are expelled from the cupations just a few days before Pe­ Unity of the Peronist movement will be manent and historic enemies of the country. He is coming to attempt to r6n's arrival, rs only a foretaste of shattered by the class struggle. workers movement. With regard to salvage the bourgeois regime, which this policy of holqing back workers the return of Per6n, the great archi­ is flailing about in one of the most struggles. This is a policy that Gen­ tect of this government, socialists call acute crises of its history. eral Peron has applied in every in­ on the workers to continue to struggle His return is just one more step stance 'in which mass mobilizations the Peronist movement could retain against these enemies- the bosses, the in his efforts to unite all sectors of threatened the stability of the bosses' its unity, and General Per6n could oligarchy, and imperialism - and the Argentine bosses and oligarchy regime; the highest expression of this maintain and even increase his pres­ against those who are serving to syn­ in a common front. This is demon­ was his refusal to call on the working tige and influence among the workers. thesize their interests: the government strated in his approach of bringing class to arm itself and struggle when But once this process speeds up and and General Per6n. We call on the the other big bourgeois party in our his ov.'n personal fate was at stake erupts, the crisis of Peronism will be working class to mobilize to kick the country, the Uni6n Civica Radical in 1955. full-blown and total, and Per6n him­ bureaucracy out of the unions and [UCR- Radical Civic Union], into the These plans of Per6n-for unity self, forced to choose sides in the clash the CGT [Confederaci6n General del government with full honors. among the exploiters, good relations between workers and capitalists, will Trabajo - General Confederation of General Per6n is also returning in with imperialism, rebuilding the coun­ cease to be th-e great legend he now Labor) in order to replace it with order to try to move forward the coun­ try on the basis of the exploitation is for the Argentine workers move­ a new, class-struggle leadership and try's economy, which continues to of the workers movement, and de­ ment. Per6n's return, then, represents build an independent workers party drag along in the state of chronic fense of the bourgeois regime- are the last card played by the Peronist that can organize the struggles and crisis it has been in since 1930. But destined to fail, first of all because movement and the first step toward lead them to their final goal: a work­ he is not attempting to do· this by the working class will continue to its complete and final crisis. It is also ers and popular government that can turning to the workers movement and press forward with its struggles in the final card of the bosses' regime, begin the construction of socialism. 0 • World Outlook W0/2

left wing militants unclear on goals A discussion with Uruguayan trade [The following first-hand report from factory delegates, of whom 60 percent tory union controlled by the opposi­ present. Uruguay was written during the early supported the positions of the CP, and tion. The meeting was held in the ad­ days of the general strike called by 40 percent supported the opposition. The porter's office is controlled by ministrative offices. We could see that the now outlawed Convencion Nacio­ Our Uruguayan compafieros of the a group of workers, behind whom is the office workers were also taking. nal de Trabajadores (CNT- Nation­ PRT [Partido Revolucionario de los an old Spaniard who doesn't appear part in the occupation, which was a al Workers Congress) following the Trabajadores- Revolutionary Work­ to understand very well what all the surprise for us Argentines. dissolving of the Congress June 27 ers party] tell us that during the cur­ commotion is about. He is the regular The compafieros were curious to by President Juan Maria Bordaberry. rent year things have evolved favor­ doorman for the factory, and he has know who we were, since we had gone The CNT is the main workers federa­ ably for the opposition. now been relieved of his functions. to the trouble to interview them. We tion, and represents some 400,000 In what follows, we will report on workers. It is led by the Communist the discussions we had with this op­ party. position. [The article was published in theJuly 4-11 issue of Avanzada Socialista, the It was the third day of the coup weekly newspaper of the Argentine and general strike. At dusk, all move­ Partido Socialista de los Trabajadores ment in the streets ebbed away. It (PST-Socialist Workers party). The was a real challenge to find a taxi translation is by Intercontinental· in order to get to FUNSA [Fabrica Press.] Uruguaya de Neumaticos Sociedad Anonima- Uruguayan Tire Factory, Inc.]. The entire opposition was meet­ Various political tendencies exist side ing at FUNSA, a rubber factory, at by side within the Uruguayan workers 6:00p.m. central union. We wanted to find out FUNSA has the kind of authority Uruguayan workers outside occupied factory in Montevideo who they are and what they are think­ that allows it to play a pivotal role for ... ing, and to get to know those in the the opposition. Just as the Argentine opposition, those who in a generic SITRAC-SITRAM (Sindicato de Tra­ We went in, and went up to a circle explained that we believed that the sense might be called class-struggle bajadores Concord-Sindicato de Tra­ of peopie and introduced ourselves to hundred workers leaders gathered tendencies because, like their counter­ bajadores Materfer- Concord Work­ Le6n Duarte. He was in jail for sev­ there held in their hands the key to parts in Argentina, they are defend­ ers UnionjMaterfer Workers Union] eral months because of his activity in the situation in Uruguay, for a real ing trade-union democracy and the managed during 1971 to begin to cen­ the Resistencia Obrero Estudiantil turn in events would depend on their workers' determination to struggle. tralize all the antibureaucratic currents [ROE - Worker-Student Resistance]. deciding to organize themselves into Last year, a congress of rank-and­ (from Ongarism to the most revolu­ Duarte received us fraternally and or­ a strong current and to adopt a class­ file delegates of the Uruguayan CNT tionary), FUNSA has earned thesame ganized a meeting so that we could struggle, revolutionary position with was held. It brought together all the right: It is the most important. fac- talk to all the delegations that were regard to the crisis.

Bordaberry moves to strengthen control CNT leadership calls off general str By David Thorstad Prensa, reported Bolentini as saying There was reportedly considerable strikers would return to reoccupy July 13 that "some" jailed union and bitterness and frustration amongwork­ them. The leadership of the outlawed Uru­ political figures had been freed. "Ac­ ers over the decision of the CNT lead­ On July 9, Bordaberry cracked guayan union, the Convenci6n Na­ cording to responsible union sources," ership to order the strikers back to down. His troops opened fire on a cional de Trabajadores(CNT-Work­ UPI said, "in spite of the illegal status work. Just a day earlier, the CNT crowd, estimated at more than 25,- ers National Congress), on July 11 of the CNT, government representa­ had announced that its unions would 000, that had converged on the cen­ called off the general strike that had tives continued [during the strike] to stand firm "until Mr. Bordaberry ter of the capital around 5:00 p.m., paralyzed the country for fifteen days. hold talks with its leaders, who had falls." shouting "Down with the dictatorship!" The 400,000-member CNT had called secretly agreed to return to work in "At first some of our companions and "United the people will never be the strike to protest the June 27 deci­ exchange for the release of impris­ conquered!" At least two persons were sion of President Juan Maria Borda­ went hungry but we were getting or­ oned union activists." ganized and were ready to hold out," killed, twenty wounded, and 300 ar­ berry, under intense pressure from the rested. military, to abolish c·ongress. On June The CNT, reported Howe in a July one construction worker told Howe. Bordaberry also moved to crack 30, Bordaberry banned the Commu­ 12 dispatch from Montevideo, "issued He said that he did not understand down on the leaders of the political nist-party-led CNT, but despite the ar­ a glum communique last night calling why the union leadership had given opposition, which is united in the Re­ rest of a number of its leaders, its off the strike and acknowledging that in. sistance Front. It consists of the Na­ apparatus continued to function clan- it 'has not achieved the desired vic­ The bitterness was shared by stu­ destinely. . tory.' dents, who were very active during tional party; the Frente Amplio (Broad Front), a coalition of Social­ The ending of the strike, which had "'The battle must continue but it is the two weeks of confrontation with ists, Communists, and Christian Dem­ become the focal point of opposition necessary to change the form of strug­ the government. Howe spoke to ocrats; labor unions and student asso­ to the coup, was a victory for Borda­ gle,' the organization's leadership de­ a group of medical students, whose ciations; and even a faction of Borda­ berry. While the unions had been de­ clared." union is affiliated to the CNT. "For berry's own Colorado party, the Mov­ manding the release of all political Many union militants reportedly op­ two weeks," she wrote in the July 14 prisoners and the restoration of dem­ posed the confederation's order to re­ New York Times, "the students have imiento de Unidad y Reforma (Move­ ocratic liberties, the government insist­ turn to work. One example of this been marching in peaceful demonstra­ ment for Unity and Reform), headed ed that it had agreed to no conditions was the militant workers at FUNSA tions and distributing leaflets against by Jorge Batlle. during its secret talks with leaders of (Fabrica Uruguaya de Neumaticos­ the 'dictatorship,' and now that they A number of the leaders of the op­ the banned union federation. Uruguayan Tire Factory), one of the have been ordered back to work by position were arrested, including Gen­ Minister of the Interior Colonel Nes­ biggest factories in the country. "FUN­ their union, they are showing disillu­ eral Liber Seregni, the head of the tor Bolentini told reporters July 11 SA was closed yesterday, under mili­ sion, frustration and rage." Broad Front; he had participated in that the banning of the CNT was "ir­ tary guard," according to a UPI re­ Bordaberry's strong-arm tactics the July 9 demonstration. reversible." port in the July 13 El Diario, "and against the strikers had not succeeded Other opposition leaders who were according to a spokesman for in forcing an end to the strike, the under arrest by July 10 included Ho­ A United Press International dis­ the strikers, the workers will not re­ longest in the country's history. Po­ mar Murdoch, president of the Na­ patch from Montevideo, published in turn to work because the general secre­ lice and troops repeatedly attempted tional party; Jose P. Cardozo, lead­ the July 15 issue of the New York tary of the plant union, Le6n Duarte, to eject workers who had occupied er of the Socialist party; General Vic­ Spanish-language daily El Diario-La is still being held in jail." their factories, only to find that the tor Licandro and Colonel Carlos Zu- W0/3

too, did not appear to agree with the idea that the workers movement, aside from its demands, is in a position to challenge the power of the bourgeoisie. Thus they focused on neither the ap­ propriate objective nor tasks. union.ists We then talked with companeros rep­ resenting plastics workers, dock work­ When we made this statement, we no political objective and was not ers, OODAE (confections and can­ had a misgiving in mind: Why was standing behind the occupations. This, ning), General Electric, DELNE (elec­ it that gathered here was at least 40 he added, would lead to an inevitable tronics), Family Allowances (state em­ percent of the Uruguayan workers attrition. Nevertheless, a solution was ployees), etc. In every case we noticed movement, whos~ leaders call them­ now taking shape. the same contradiction: On the one selves socialists and revolutionists and Fallowing such a good analysis, we hand a critical attitude toward the criticize the sellouts of the Commu­ expected that at this point the com­ CNT leadership, formulated with the nist party, and yet these compafieros pafiero would pose organizing the rev­ correct arguments; but on the other had not been able, after three days of olutionary class-struggle sentiments of hand a critical attitude toward the the strike, to get out even one gen­ the workers into an independent force true capacities of the Uruguayan eral leaflet for the entire country and and leadership. We asked him what workers, which go far beyond their all the workers? he saw as the solution. His answer ability simply to paralyze the coun­ Tricontinental News Service The misgiving began to disappear was very disappointing: He explained try, and include their ability to govern BORDABERRY: Main danger to his rule as we listened to what the various ten­ that he would have to support the call it would be the development of a revo­ dencies had to say. Unfortunately, we just issued by Liber Seregni. Only the compafieros of the PR T lutionary leadership in the trade unions. could see that there is a long way to Next spoke the compafieros from posed the matter in this way: We must go to bring together a revolutionary Resistencia Obrero Estudiantil. These set the aim of this strike and of the current capable of challenging the are very combative compafieros who struggle as beginning with the over­ By this point, our misgivings had leadership of the bureaucratic reform­ have been evolving from old anarchist throw of Bordaberry and the coup­ been confirmed. As we went out into ism of the Communist party. positions toward Marxism. They made oriented military in order to bring the street, the old Spaniard at the We spoke first with a compafiero a blistering critique of the organiza­ about a provisional government of door, true to his post, "searched" us­ from the Movimiento 26 de Marzo tional weaknesses in the way the gen­ the CNT and the workers and peo­ in the midst of a factory that was oc­ [March 26 Movement], which is a cur­ eral strike was being led. They have ple's political parties that will issue cupied, controlled, and run by work­ rent that supports the Frente Amplio tried to make up for these weaknesses a call for a constituent general assem­ ers, the old boss regulation of check­ [Broad Front] of Liber Seregni. In by putting out an informational bulle­ bly. ing on people as they exited persisted. response to various questions, he tin, which receives a partial distribu­ . This position was not discussed dur­ Much more serious is the fact that the made clear that the factory occupa­ tion. ing the time we were there. At the worker and revolutionary vanguard tions were decided upon as an ad­ They listed a series of steps that moment, the minister of the interior of Uruguay is stlll without a big par­ ministrative act by the Communist could be taken to strengthen and is expected to issue some statement, ty that can lead the workers to pow­ leadership of the CNT. Although he broaden the strike by involving new and it is known that the military is er; their consciousness is stlll under was critical of this method, the move layers of the population. But when discussing whether to call out tanks the influence of many "regulations" of itself struck him as correct. The big it came to the political question, they against the workers or to continue the bosses and the reformists. We have problem, he said, was that the CP­ agreed with the four demands made on negotiations. The meeting had to be no doubt that the colossal battle that which has not come o.ut with any the government by the CNT. In other adjourned for elementary security rea­ they are waging will help to get rid position as a party-was giving it words, in practice, these compafieros, sons. of them. 0

ted in the special appeal addressed sisted. The rumors were based on a to the "patriotic majority" of the armed number of things, including reports forces by the CNT, stressing that the that the navy refused to participate July 9 demonstration that was bru­ in raids June 30 to dislodge work­ tally broken up by troops was not ers who had occupied their factories. directed against the armed forces. They were carried out by the police "We will not turn out as enemies of and the army. the armed forces but will respect your After a few days of forcibly eject­ in Uruguay aims, which have been violated by the ing workers, the army itself reported­ ke ly changed its tactic. La Opinion re­ dictatorship," the message said. The friategui of the Broad Front; and six Throughout the general strike, the CNT offered to cooperate in the mili­ ported July 7 that instead of lining the members of the dissolved Congress. approach taken by the opposition was tary's program for "national recon­ workers up against the wall and then Four of the latter were reportedly one of appealing to allegedly dissi­ struction." forcing them out at gunpoint, troops members of the National party, the dent sectors of the armed forces to Despite denials by the three comman­ began to hand out leaflets to the work­ country's largest political organiza­ join the opposition and help overthrow ders in chief of the armed forces, ru­ ers asserting that "the army has come tion. Bordaberry. This strategy was reflec- mors of divisions in the military per- here not as your enemies but, on the contrary, to lend its physical support to the freedom to work, thereby guar­ anteeing the personal and collective integrity of the workers, who have for so long been bearing up under the pressure and coercion of a cen­ tral labor union that has no nation­ alist sense and is motivated only by instructions imported from abroad." The disorienting and counterrevolu­ tionary strategy of the CNT's Stalin­ . ist leadership, and of the political op­ position, failed even to achieve the limited aim of removing Bordaberry. With the end of the general strike, Bordaberry quickly moved to consoli­ date his control. He met July 11 with the country's mayors to work out de­ tails for "neighborhood councils" to replace the nineteen elected municipal councils that he abolished along with the Congress. He will select the mem­ bers himself. He is next expected to name mem­ bers of a Council of State, which is to replace Congress. It is to be made up of "notables" who have no "active ~. participation in politics." He an­ -i I nounced that he intends henceforth to Troops in Montevideo promised strikers 'the freedom to work' Tricontinental News Service rule by decree. 0 World Outlook W0/4

ers of the peasant movement. This is the reason for da Concei~ao's Febru­ ary 1972 arrest. A letter written by da Concei~ao was smuggled out of Brazil last No­ vember. In the letter, he reported his Campaign for defense of transfer to a prison for common crim­ inals, where he has been barbarically tortured. (See USLA Reporter, Vol. 3, No. 7, available for 25 cents from USLA.) Brazilian political prisoner A June 1973 report from da Con­ The U.S. Committee for Justice to threw him in prison. After three days cei~ao's defense committee lists the in­ Latin American Political Prisoners without any medical care, gangrene ternational support his case has ob­ ( USLA) has launched a national set in. He probably would have died tained. In Chile, for example, many emergency petition campaign to de­ if the peasants had not rebelled and oc­ workers and community-based mand the release of imprisoned Bra­ cupied the towns of Pindare and Santa groups and student and church or­ zilian peasant leader Manuel da Con­ Ines. Although da Concei~ao's leg had ganizations have actively supported cei~ao. to be amputated, the peasants' revolt the campaign for his release. News Together with other U. S.-based won his release. of the case has appeared in the press groups, USLA is seeking to collect The February 1972 arrest of da and on radio and TV. 5,000 signatures in da Concei~ao's be­ Concei~ao stems from a struggle dat­ The World Council of Churches, half. Prominent U.S. citizens will pre­ ing back to 1968 between local lati­ Amnesty International, and various sent the signatures to Brazilian au­ fundarios (big landowners) and poor committees based in Europe aad thorities in New York Sept. 7, the peasants. When the peasants refused North America have worked on da anniversary of Brazilian indepen­ to pay exorbitant land rents, the la­ Concei~ao's behalf. USLA is appeal­ dence. tzfundarios plundered and then fenced ing for stepped-up international soli­ The life of da Concei~ao has been off their lands. darity actions to force Brazilian au­ in danger since his most recent arrest The Union of Rural Workers pro­ thorities to reveal where he is im­ in February 1972 in the northeast posed to tear down the fences and prisoned and to prevent them from of Brazil. The Brazilian government kill the cattle that the latifundarios carrying out thefr threat on his life. has since placed him in a prison far were using to invade the peasants' He reported the threat in his Novem­ to the south, somewhere near Rio de farms. State authorities promised to ber 1972 letter: Janeiro. send a commission to investigate the "They said to me . . . that when The authorities undoubtedly trans­ situation; instead they sent police to I had spent twelve months in prison, ferred da Concei~ao because they re­ repress the peasants. when the people had forgotten me, call what happened in June 1968 when In 1969, thousands of soldiers in­ the government would order me the government launched an attack vaded the northeast of Brazil under placed in a helicopter and would on the Union of Rural Workers of the guise of an "antiguerrilla" training throw me into the high seas.... " Pindare-Mirim Valley. Da Concei~ao exercise. They were unable to crush Brazilian government refuses to reveal Anyone wishing to participate in the is president of the union. the peasant movement. Since that time where peasant leader Manuel do Con­ petition campaign for da Concei~ao During the attack, t4e police shot the authorities have tried a more se­ ceicao is imprisoned, and has threatened should contact USLA at 150 Fifth da Concei~ao in the leg five times and lective repression aimed at major lead- him with death. Ave., New York, N.Y. 10011. D

who discovered that the officers were lated by a "group of youth" who were killing rare animals protested. They working for their own end, which was were warned to keep quiet, but instead to plunge the country into "disorder." sneaked a group of journalists into Apparently, the speech did not have the forest. Then came the helicopter its desired effect. "The press," Jean­ crash. Claude Pomonti reported in the June Student struggle forces Even after the wreck was investi­ 24-25 Le Monde, "did not fail to note gated, the regime stuck, Nixon-style, that nobody believed this. 'Accusa­ to its story about top-secret missions, tions like this,' the Bangkok World claiming the carcasses were "cover." remarked, 'can only stir up even more Thai regime to back down But then reporters published their trouble and show a lack of interest photographs of the hunting camp. The in the real problems at issue.'" The politicization of Thai students, yielded to the students' demands re­ ensuing public turmoil has put the In any case, the students returned a Bangkok daily wrote June 23, has flects the precarious situation it finds regime on the defensive and is no to their classes with the feeling that passed "the point of no return." The itself in. Rising prices have combined doubt partly responsible for the stu­ they had won a victory. One foot­ regime would no longer be able to with food shortages (particularly of dents' willingness to take on the gov­ note to the student demonstrations is satisfy the students with "empty prom­ rice) to erode living standards. The ernment. that they occurred at the same time ises." continued presence of thousands of On June 22 in a national r~dio that Bangkok was receiving its first­ This comment came after at least U.S. troops 'on air bases from which speech, Thanom charged that the stu­ ever delegation of visiting ping-pong 25,000 students - backed by clear the bombing of Cambodia is con­ dent demonstrators had been manipu- players from Peking. D support from the majority of the ducted has generated anti-U. S. senti­ population of Bangkok-had demon­ ment among the students and other strated in the center of the city against sectors of the population. The Nation­ the military government of Thanom al Student Center of Thailand, accord­ Kittikachorn. The immediate demands ing to a report in the June 2 Chris­ Intercontinental Press of the student demonstrators were that tian Science Monitor, plans to begin nine students recently expelled from in July a national campaign against THE COMING CONFRONTATION Ramkum Hareng, one of seven state­ the American bases. Where is Allende taking Chile? When the chips ore down, where will the mil­ run universities, be reinstated and that The delicacy of the regime's posi­ itary stand? What ore the organizations of the workers, peasants, and the left the rector of the university be dis­ tion may be seen in the excuse it used doing? What are their programs? What are the perspectives facing the Chilean missed. They also asked for an in­ to expel the nine students from Ram­ people? quiry into a violent incident at the kum Hareng. They had published an For the answers read Intercontinental Press, the only English-language weekly university on June 20, during which artide in a student paper satirizing magazine that specializes on news and analysis of revolutionary struggles from two youths were said to have been Thanom and Deputy PremJer Praphas Canada to Chile and all around the world. -wounded. Charusathien because they are still Intercontinental Press: A socialist antidote to the lies of the capitalist media. Late June 22 the regime granted the in office despite the mandatory re­ demands partially. The expulsion of tirement age of sixty for military of­ Nome------the nine students was rescinded; while week, the men had been on a five­ the rector was not fired, the regime day orgy in the woods- hunting: by Address------did agree to conduct an "investigation" day and frolicking by night, with of his conduct. With the government's liquor and women in generous sup­ CitY------State ------Zip------announcement, the students ended ply." their demonstrations and returned to The officers had set up a "luxurious ( ) Enclosed is $7.50 for six months. ( ) Enclosed is $15 for one year. classes. hunting camp at Thung Yai, in the Intercontinental Press, P.O. Box 116, Village Station, New York. New York 10014. The rapidity with which the regime state forest reserve."- Game wardens Phase 4 will mean even higher P-rices Prices still going up as wages lag behind By DICK ROBERTS postal, and other areas- have ended increases in food prices whenever nec­ The failure of union negotiators to JULY 17- Rarely has such a mood amid relative peace, with only a few essary to avoid shortages of supplies. insist on adequate protection against of euphoria in the capitalist press sur­ scattered strikes." It makes Secretary of Agriculture Earl spiraling prices has been marveled rounded the opening of talks between According to today's New York Butz a virtual czar of food prices. at in the capitalist financial press. Fol­ the United Auto Workers and the big­ Times, ''Major settlements in the oil, "The provision ... could effectively lowing the Teamster settlement at the three auto trusts. The ruling class is rubber, electrical and trucking indus­ nullify not only the current price freeze end of June, New York Times report­ basking in its success so far this year tries have ranged from 6 to 7 per but also whatever food price controls er Philip Shabecoff declared, "... most of holding wage settlements close to cent a year, close to the Administra­ President Nixon may seek to impose of this year's major labor negotia­ the guidelines set by the Nixon ad­ tion's guideline of a 5.5 per cent limit in Phase 4 of his economic policy," tions are over and the pattern of wage ministration. on wages plus 0. 7 per cent for fringe Marjorie Hunter of the New York settlements is pretty well established. The auto rulers appear to be confi­ benefits. Times wrdte July 16. A similar pro­ "Surprisingly- in view of the steep dent they can do the same thing. "As one U. A. W. leader observ~d: vision was not contained in the Sen­ ascent of consumer prices in recent George Morris Jr., General Motors 'The economic settlement? I can give ate version of the farm bill, but it months- the wage settlements in these vice-president and chief company you that now, around 7 per cent."' could be added in conference with the major industries h~ 1e been uniformly negotiator, told the Washington Post The UAW leadership professes to be Senate. moderate." that there is no sense of "inevitability" concentrating on the issue of working The undermining effect of higher Shabecoff pointed to the "contrast of a strike this year. Three years ago conditions. prices on wages was reported by the between union wage restraint and the the UAW shut down GM, the world's Yet the fact of the matter is that New York Post July 16: ''While food breakaway performance of prices." prices are going up this year at the prices continue to rise here, 'real Arthur Okun, a former chairman fastest U. S. rates ever recorded. Price spendable earnings' remain about the of the Council of Economic Advisers, rises may· be temporarily slowed with same as they were 15 months ago, told Shabecoff, "There is no question As we go to press ... the 60-day "freeze," but it is certain that labor has gotten the short end JULY 19- The Nixon administration according to the U.S. Bureau of La­ they will shoot up again as soon as of the stick in the last six months, has unveiled Phase 4. It immediately bor Statistics," said the Post. "Phase 4" goes into effect. although it has not necessarily been ends the so-called freeze on all food "The average factory production In the month of June, wholesale by design." prices except beef. On Sept. 12, the worker in the New York area earned prices climbed 2.4 percent, the sharp­ $162.76 a week in May, but his 'real The last comment is typically de­ ceiling on beef prices will also end. est rate of increase in more than 22 spendable earnings' were only ceptive. Immense pressure from the "There is no way, with or without years. "... wholesale prices have $101.97, according to Herbert Bien­ government and from the trade-union controls, to prevent a substantial rise' risen 4 7% over the last year, an all­ of food prices," President Nixon de­ stock, of the department's New York bureaucracies has been applied on time record for any 12-month period," clared in a brief message. office. workers to keep wage increases within reported the July 7 New York Daily Workers' wages, already hard hit "The average worker earned $11.05 agreed upon limits. But prices are News. These wholesale prices will be by spiraling food pdces earlier this a week more in May 1973 than in going up without any "design." For passed on to consumers. year, will be all the more battered in May 1972, Bienstock said, but price in the capitalist economy inflationary Nixon administration voices are al­ Phase 4. But instead of allowing the and tax increases kept his real spend­ prices are 'beyond the control of the ready warning that Phase 4 will bring needed wage raises and cost-of-living able income virtually the same," the government, no matter what it pre­ new price increases. In Washington, protection against inflation, Phase 4 New York Post reported. tends. July 12, John Dunlop, director of the confines wage increases to the 5.5 per­ Cost of Living Council, said that "the cent guideline level, way behind soar­ notion that prices should be stable ing prices. after the freeze, either in the agricul­ Phase 4 requires that food price in­ tural area or the nonagricultural area, creases be geared to production costs. doesn't seem to me an accurate re­ But estimates of these production costs flection." are made by the corporations, whose This was heralded the following day records are secret. This means there in the "Big cor­ will be no food price controls at all. Wall Street Journal. Controls on rent are also lifted. porations have so much unused authority to raise prices that a poten­ tially massive post-freeze price bulge largest corporation, for 67 days. threatens Phase 4," the financial news­ The July 16 Christian Science Moni­ paper reported. tor featured on its front page an article A serious threat to consumer prices declaring, "Long-awaited wage talks is contained in a farm bill that was between U. S. auto giants and unions passed through the House of Repre­ bargaining for 800,000 workers be­ sentatives on a voice vote July 16. gin this week in calm fashion. . . . The farm bill contains a provision, "So far this year, other contract heavily backed by agribusiness lob­ UAW bureaucrats hope to hold these workers' wages to Nixon's guidelines during talks- in rubber, electrical, transport, byists, that the president can permit auto talks. · Some gains in West Coast longshore contract By ED HARRIS in new container ships and port fa­ and the union ranks, which first The PGP is now ILWU written and SAN FRANCISCO- On July 14, rat­ cilities was huge. It costs $15,000 a showed itself during the 1971-72 administered. It is funded up to $6- ification of a new two-year contract day to maintain a ship whether it strike. million a. year. The money that is between the International Longshore­ moves or not. It was a young negotiating com­ not used goes to the union. During men's and Warehousemen's Union In this situation, with the strike mittee by industry standards. Several the 18 month span of the last con­ (ILWU) and the Pacific Maritime As­ weapon not readily at hand, it was members were in their middle 30s. tract, the PMA paid out only $638,000 sociation (PMA) waa. completed. The fortunate that the negotiating commit­ At least two, Herb Mills from San of a $9-million liability. They kept vote was overwhelmingly in favor. tee was not a rubber stamp Bridges Francisco and Bill Ward from Port­ the $8,362,000 that remained. The settlement increases the basic committee. Its composition reflected land, are college graduates. Although the previous plan pro­ pay scale for an eight-hour day for the division between the old-line, con­ One outstanding old-timer, Shawn vided for a 32-hour guarantee for longshoremen and ship clerks from servative, Harry Bridges leadership Maloney, Seattle Local 19 president, high-seniority A-men, and a 16-hour $45.92 .Ao $49.50 for the first year combined with the young militants to guarantee for low-seniority B-men, the and $52.20 for the second year. It call a halt to the ILWU top leader­ plan was drowned in 13 pages of also provides five paid holidays, an ship's program. Since 1959 the union exceptions and whereases that made improved wage-guarantee plan, and bureaucrats have been trading away it almost inoperative. a cost-of-living increase. the hard-won job conditions, man­ On April 20, 75 enraged B-men who Many of the basic demands of the ning scales, and work-load limits in had been working only two days a union were not achieved-for example exchange for wages and pensions. week occupied the PMA headquarters a seven-hour day, an adequate sliding in San Francisco's financial district. scale of wages as a protection against One younger member of the nego­ The police Tactical Squad was called, inflation, and the elimination of the tiating committee told this reporter but the union attorney and local of­ hated section 9.43 (steady-man clause). that they spent at least half their time ficials backed up the B-men and no But gains were made, and most im­ negotiating with Bridges. "Each time arrests were made. The PMA --and portant- nothing was given away. before we ever got along to the ship­ even Bridges- got the message. The It is doubtful that more could have owners, we had to force Bridges and ranks were fed up with a PGP that been gained without a strike, and the his boys into line. Believe it or not, didn't work. union was not ready to strike. The among the things that he opposed Now the PGP will guarantee A-men membership has not fully recovered was a seven-hour day and paid hol­ 36 hours weekly and B-men 18 hours from the 135-day strike in 1971-72. BRIDGES: ILWU negotiators' demand for idays!" weekly, averaged over a four-week On the other hand, the PMA was also a seven-hour day and paid hoi idays One of the mosl important gains pe:dod. The averaging system is a afraid of a strike. Their investment gave him a headache. was the Pay Guarantee Plan (PGP). Continued on page 22

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 13 'Mad dog' of labor mov't support The eagerness with which Teamster President Frank Fitz­ did not work very well. The Pittsburgh brewery drivers, simmons has directed a gang of hired thugs against the with the help of other CIO fellow unionists, proved able United Farm Workers Union places him high in the com­ to defend themselves on this ground. Tobin's importees actions for petition among trade-union bureaucr:ats for the title "Mad then resorted to other techniques. One of their arguments Dog of the Labor Movement." Fitzsimmons is not the first in favor of the AFL as against the CIO was the use of a to be so honored, however. little homemade gadget known as the fire bomb. UFW in We have reprinted here major excerpts from an article These weapons were supplemented later with high-explo­ about an earlier contender for the title- Daniel J. Tobin, sive bombs, charged with dynamite, which were recklessly president of the Teamsters until 1953. The article, which thrown through the windows of distributors handling the California first appeared in the May 17, 1947, Militant, was written CIO beer, regardless of the possible consequences to peo­ Bay Area organizers of the United by James P. Cannon, a founding leader of the Socialist ple living in the building. Farm Workers Union Safeway Workers Party and now its national chairman emeritus. At this time, when the reactionary offensive against the Boycott have called for a march The article is also contained in Notebook of an Agitator, workers on all fronts calls for a labor leadership which and rally in San Francisco on a collection of Cannon's writings recently reprinted by would map out the strategy of a counter-offensive and Saturday, July 28, to support the Pathfinder Press ,(410 West St., New York, N.Y. 10014). inspire the workers for the struggle, Tobin's hand-picked UFW's struggle against the grow­ ers and Teamster's officialdom. Among the whole gang of corrupt and contented labor Executive Board occupies itself primarily with the war against the workers. July 28 is the anniversary of the fakers who infest the labor movement to its detriment- signing of the key Delano grape The published proceedings of the Executive Board deal­ especially the AF L unions- and fatten on their crimes contracts in 1967. ing with the appeals of suspended and expelled members against the workers, one in particular is striving, not with­ The rally will assemble at 11 read like the minutes of an Army court-martial conducted out success, to distinguish himself as the greatest scoun­ a.m. at 24th and Folsom streets. by officers who act from the premise that the private sol­ drel of them all. This is Daniel J. Tobin, the $30,000- It will then march to the Safeway a-year president of the International Brotherhood of Team­ dier is always wrong. Tobin's criminal activities in Minneapolis have been at 30th and Mission streets for sters, who has already won for himself the title of Mad picketing. rather widely advertised. It is known that he tried to Dog of the Labor Movement, and is demonstrating his In addition to this action, im­ break the great strikes in 1934. He didn't succeed then, right to hold it against all comers. portant sections of the Bay Area and could not prevent a strong union being built with­ Tobin, a relic of the horse-and-buggy days of trade labor movement are supporting out him and in spite of him. He then tried to get rid of unionism, is a small-souled, grasping, selfish old repro­ a labor caravan to Delano on the honest, fighting leaders of the union in 1941 by plac­ bate who thinks the teamsters' union exists for his per­ July 21. Trade-union bodies en­ ing the union in "receivership." When the rank and file sonal benefit. In addition to his huge salary he taps the dorsing the caravan include the revolted against that, he called the federal cops through union treasury for heavy expenses and pre-paid vaca­ Santa Clara and Contra Costa his friend President Roosevelt, and simply had the lead­ tion trips for himself and family, and makes the union Central Labor Councils, the Cal­ ers thrown in prison. carry his son, whom he is grooming to become his suc­ ifornia Federation of Teachers, In­ cessor, on the payroll at a fancy honorarium. At the same time, a horde of Tobin's gangsters, armed ternational Longshoremen's and Tobin never knew anything about organizing workers with blackjacks and baseball bats, were turned loose on Warehousemen's Locals 10 and and leading them in struggle to better their conditions. But the trucking districts with the open connivance of the 34, International Typographical he is an expert mechanic in the vile trade of breaking city police, to force the truckdrivers to wear the button Union Local 21, Department Store strikes, smashing democracy in local unions, working in of Tobin's "reorganized" local. The State Labor Board, Employees Local 1100, and Of­ cahoots with the bosses to keep rebellious workers from under Governor Stassen, denied the workers the right fices and Professional Employees making a living at their trade, and spilling blood in of an election to register their preference. Local 29. The caravan is also Having tasted blood in Minneapolis, Tobin has been being built among rank-and-file running wild ever since in his violent campaign against Teamsters by the Committee for any sign of independence or militancy in the ranks of Concerned Teamsters. the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. At the pres­ The caravan will leave San ent time approximately 40 percent of the local unions are Francisco at 5:30 a.m. from De­ under "receivership" with appointed officers and no autono­ partment Store Employees Local mous rights. This simple fact in itself is the most devas­ 1100 at 1345 Mission Street. For tating testimony of the extent of the rank-and-file discon­ information about a ride, call tent and revolt against the tyranny and treachery of this (415) 864-5613. mean-spirited, vicious old man and his whole gang of Plans continue for a July 28 well-heeled labor skates and common crooks who make march and rally in Los Angeles up his unsavory machine. in support of the UFW strike and Daniel J. Tobin employs yet another murderous weapon Safeway boycott. The action was in his war against the rank and file of the IB T. He re­ called by the Farm Workers Sup­ inforces his brutal dictatorship over the local unions of port Coalition, which now has an the Teamsters International by the device of first expel­ office at the Social Services Union ling the dissident workers and then taking their bread Local 535, 2300 W. 7th St. Tele­ and butter away from them by "taking them off the job." phone: (213) 663-1763. In the April number of The Interna{ional Teamster, Tobin Assembly is at 10 a.m. at boasts about breaking up an opposition to the gangster­ Pershing Square. March at 11 a.m. ridden union machine in St. Louis which culminated in a to La Plaza (Main and Olvera) Militant/Miguel Pendas strike. "The International Union sent in a number of men," for a noon rally. like 'Mad Dog' Tobin, today's Teamster bureaucrats don't hes­ he says significantly, meaning a mob of strong-arm men itate to use violence to intimidate workers who assert their whose assignment was to waylay the strikers and beat rights. The hired goons shown here were used until recently them up-"and every business agent and officer of our to harass striking farm workers in Coachella, Calif. local unions in this city of St. Louis pledged his full and undivided help." According to Tobin's account, the leading rank-and­ gangster raids on the jurisdiction of other unions, and file militants in the strike- truck drivers, not gangsters­ he is getting more proficient as he gets older. also had the bad habit of "continuously finding fault with Tobin disposes of a huge treasury- $14,800,000 at the union officers." Consequently, "the general president or­ the last report- accumulated from the dues payments of dered that charges be preferred against them." And, of the hardworking and underpaid members of the union, course, "several of them were expelled from the union." and he utilizes a large part of it to maintain what amounts Next came the deal with the bosses. Says Tobin: "The em­ to a private army of murderous thugs, recruited in part ployers were notified that those men were no longer mem­ from the underworld, many of whom have criminal rec- hers of the union and that our union shop agreement ords. These gangsters, under Tobin's direction, usually must be observed. The employers complied with the agree­ operating under the benevolent indifference of the authori- ment, and those individuals were laid off by the employ­ ties who are "taken care of' in various ways, wage war on ers." By this combination of anti-labor measures the strike th~ rank and file of the teamsters' union, and are at pres- was broken. The workers were beaten and forced into ent especially preoccupied with a jurisdictional war to line. It was "a famous victory," and Tobin gloats over it. force the brewery workers to quit the union of their choice "In a few days," he writes, the men ''begged to be allowed -the Brewery Workers Union, one of the oldest industrial to go back to work." Maybe the poor devils had families unions and one well-respected in the labor movement- and to support. And maybe the families were hungry. The to compel them to pay dues into the teamsters' union, proudest men have been known to submit under such whether they desire to or not. circumstances. In this campaign, beating, maiming, incendiarism and But proud men who beg through clenched teeth are dynamiting are routine procedures, and murder is not dangerous animals to provoke. There are many of them excluded. Announcing a ''knockdown drag-out" fight in the International Brotherhood of Teamsters at the pres­ against the brewery workers, Tobin sent his private army ent time, and their number is steadily growing. One of Militant/Harry Ring of professional thugs into Pittsburgh. They moved in on these days they are going to count noses and come to Striking farm workers in Coachella, Calif. Pittsburgh to convince the brewery workers that they the conclusion that they are strong enough, if they all should give up their own union, now affiliated with the act together, to put a stop to the humiliations and de­ ClO as a result of a free vote of the membership for that feats imposed upon them by brutal violence and treacher­ preference, and sign up in Tobin's union. ous collusion with the bosses. That will be a bad day for The usual practice of pulling drivers off their trucks and the Mad Dog of the Labor Movement. The dogcatchers beating them within inches of their lives was tried first but: will catch up with him.

14 Black woman wins broad SUP-fl.Ort Suit hits N. Carolina sterilization statute By LINDA JENNESS she was sterilized in 1965 she was 18 doctor, 'Can I have more kids?,' and NEW YORK, July 12-The Ameri­ years old and living in North Caro­ he said, 'Of course, don't worry.'" can Civil Liberties Union (ACL U) lina with her mother andeightbrothers Six years later, after having moved today filed a class-action suit in North and sisters. Her family was on welfare. to New York, where she works as a Carolina: on behalf of Nial Ruth Cox, When she became pregnant, the nurse's aide, Cox went to a doctor a 26-year-old Black woman, who was social worker assigned to the Cox because of migraine headaches and sterilized against her will when she severe stomach cramps. The doctor was 18 years old. The suit asks that The following is part of an ex­ informed her, for the first time, that the North Carolina Sterilization change between reporters and she had been permanently sterilized. Statute be declared unconstitutional Nial Ruth Cox, who was sterilized This case follows on the heels of and that $1-million in damages be onder provisions of the North the case of the two young Relf sisters given to Cox. Carolina Sterilization Statute. who were sterilized in Alabama in The suit was announced at a news June. The Relf sisters, 12 andl4, were conference here initiated by the When asked by a reporter why sterilized without their knowledge or Women's National Abortion Action she believes the statute is racist, consent after their mother placed an Coalition (WONAAC) and the ACL U. Cox replied, "Because I'm Black "X" on papers she could not read and The news conference, held intheACLU and they [white racists] want to did not understand. When Lonnie Relf, offices, overflowed with news media. stop the 'welfare' people." the father of the two Black women, Among the media present were CBS, Cox became visibly angry when brought suit demanding an end to NBC, and ABC television, the New a newswoman asked her why she forced sterilizations and $1-million in York Times, New York Post, Daily had trusted the doctors if, as she damages, it brought this issue to na­ News, The Militant, Village Voice, claimed, they treated her like an tional attention. Daily World, Associated Press, and animal. "I had no choice," Cox Under the North Carolina Steriliza­ Joanna Misnik, SWP candidate for New 10 radio stations. shot back. "What am I supposed tion Statute, anyone under 21 ·can .York city council president, denounces Plaintiff Nial Ruth Cox was present, to do? I'm Black. When you're be sterilized without their consent if racism behind forced sterilization along with Brenda Feigen-Fasteau of Black and poor you have to do declared "mentally defective." Brenda schemes at WONAAC, ACLU press con­ the Women's Rights Project of the what the rich, white people say!" Feigen-Fasteau explained that the doc­ ference. ACL U, who is handling the case, and When asked about her reaction tor who performed the sterilization on Susan LaMont, national coordinator to the case of the Relf sisters who Cox has asserted that she was "an Gloria Steinem urged that forced ofWONAAC. were forcibly sterilized in Alabama 18-year-old mentally deficient Negro sterilization "be fought as a coalition Gloria Steinem, editor of Ms. maga­ recently, Cox replied, "It's heart­ girl." issue." "It affects all of us," she said, zine; Eleanor Holmes Norton, head of breaking because I know what I The class-action suit claims that the "but especially women, and especial­ the New York Human Rights Com­ went through. It's a living hell." North Carolina Sterilization Statute: ly minority women." "The govern­ mission; Joanna Misnik, Socialist "invidiously discriminates against ment," Steinem continued, "thinks it Workers Party candidate for New women, against black persons and not only has the right to tap our York city council president; Anita M ur­ family told her mother, Devora Cox, other racial, ethnic and cultural mi­ phones, but to interfere in all areas ray, National Organization for that unless Nial Ruth had an opera­ nority groups, against poor people, of our personal lives, including gov­ Women; Georgia Henning, Com­ tion that would "temporarily" sterilize against welfare recipients, against un­ erning our very bodies." munist party candidate for city coun­ her, the family would be removed married persons, against persons Joanna Misnik hit on the racist ex­ cil; ~~;nd State Senator Carol Bellamy from the welfare rolls. No one ex­ under 21 years of age and again~t perimentation done on Blacks and (D-N. Y.) all made statements. plained the operation to the family unwed· mothers and fathers in viola­ other oppressed nationalities. "The Relf Statements of support were read either before or after it was preformed. tion of the thirteenth and fourteenth women were given contraceptive injec­ from Representative Bella Abzug (D­ "The doctors treated me like an ani­ amendments to the Constitution." tions not proved safe. Chicana women N. Y.) and others. Representatives mal with no brains," said Cox. "They It also asserts that the Statute in Texas were used as guinea pigs from Planned Parenthood and other would rush me in, rush me out, and "unduly interferes with the privacy of to test contraceptives.... Black and organizations were also present. brush me off when I asked them ques­ individuals by preventing persons Latin political activists in jail are Cox told the press that at the time tions. After the operation I asked the from controlling their own reproduc­ deemed 'criminally insane' and sub­ tive functions." jected to psychosurgical experiementa­ Susan LaMont from WONAAC em­ tion." phasized the fact that many people Misnik also pointed to the racist are unaware of the extent of the prac­ ideologies behind the population con­ tice of forced sterilization. She pointed trol advocates, "which say that the out that "at least 14 states have con­ problems in our society are caused sidered or are considering legislation by too many poor, too many Blacks designed to coerce women receiving and Latinos.... The real danger lies welfare to submit to sterilization." with the tiny handful of capitalist LaMont also explained that the Su­ ruling elite-the Watergaters and war­ preme Court decision legalizing abor­ makers-who run this government in tion makes it easier to fight against the interests of keeping themselves rich · forced sterilization. As long as abor­ at the expense of the majority." tions were illegal, it was easy for racist In conjunction with the news con­ Militant/linda Jenness hospital officials to demand that a ference in New York, WONAAC also Gloria Steinem, Brenda Feigen-Fasteau, Nial Ruth Cox. ACLU announces class-action woman undergo sterilization in order sponsored a well-attended news con­ suit on behalf of Cox in forced sterilization case. to obtain an abortion. ference in Atlanta, Ga.

'Self-defense' plea in Detroit case wins acquittal By MIKE KELLY and two other Black men were the orders went out in the police depart­ threatening the abolition of the jury DETROIT-Hayward Brown was objects of a massive dragnet by De­ ment to kill all three on sight. system." found not guilty here on July 6 by troit police. Bown, John Percy Boyd, After the verdict, Wayne County Stanley Leon, a 57-year-old steam­ a jury of 10 Blacks, one Chicano, and and Mark Clyde Bethune were anti­ Prosecutor William Cahalan publicly fitter at a Ford auto plant and foreman one Japanese-American. The 19-year­ drug. activists and were involved in a attacked the jury, Black Judge Samuel of the jury, also· countered Cahalan's old Black youth had been charged Dec. 4 shoot-out with four STRESS Gardner, and the Black defense at­ charges. Leon didn't agree with with· assault with intent to murder two cops. STRESS was a police under­ torney. He called the acquittal a "mis­ Brown's actions as an antidrug acti­ Wayne State University (WSU) police­ cover and decoy squad until its aboli­ carriage of justice" and charged that vist but said that Cahalan simply pre­ men. tion this spring in the face of Black the jury had ignored the facts and sented too weak a case. This is the third acquittal for Brown opposition to its terror-squad tactics. based its decision on race. Leon said that "any jury of in two months. On June 4 he was Boyd and Bethune were killed in intelligent people, faced with the same found not guilty in the Dec. 27 Atlanta in February when the man­ He bemoaned the composition of information would have given the shooting of Patrolman Robert Dooley. hunt became nationwide. juries, in Detroit especially, saying, same verdict." He said the self-defense Evidence was presented in Brown's "The way it is set up now, many busi­ plea made sense to him. "Here was On May 10 he was found not guilty defense to prove that he had ample nessmen and people in better-paid a young man [Brown] who'd ventured of four charges of assault with intent reason to fear for his life and had positions get out of jury duty." into something dangerous. I said to to murder four STRESS ("Stop The to defend himself against the police. Cockrel responded to Cahalan's myself that he was being hunted like Robberies, Enjoy Safe Streets") cops. Police Commissioner John Nichola ad­ charges by noting, "Persons who never a slave with a price on his head." Brown admitted shooting at the mitted, under oath as a defense witness, had a word of criticism when all-white WSU policemen Jan. 12, but Brown's that he had called the three Black juries were sending Black people, Brown faces one last charge, a con­ attorney, Kenneth Cockrel, argued that youth "mad dog killers." He said he Puerto Ricans, and white working-class cealed-weapon charge predating the it was in self-defense. still stood by his remarks. people to Jackson [State Prison] are STRESS shoot-out. It is expected the At the time of the shooting, Brown Black policemen had testified that suddenly becoming concerned and are cl).arge will be dropped.

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 15 Puerto Ricans say: ·u.s. Q.et out!' The u.s. Navy in Culebra & Vieques ~~U~L _ ~ As the ferry from the "mainland" (as the island .,. of Puerto Rico is known to inhabitants of its off­ shore islands) nears the dock in Culebra, a hand painted sign can be seen that reads: "Welcome to Culebra- U. S. military prison." Culebra is a small island some 20 miles off the east coast of Puerto Rico. Since 1936, Culebra has been regularly bombed, shelled, and strafed by the U. S. Navy, which owns one-fourth of the island. Uncle Sam annually invites navies from 20 other nations to join in the shelling. I recently visited Culebra and Vieques, another nearby island, to get a firsthand view of what the Navy is doing to these islands. During the ferry ride there, a young Culebran I was talking with pointed to a U.S. Navy sub­ marine surfacing behind us. That submarine, in the calm, splendid Carib­ bean setting, symbolized the relationship between the United States and the complex of Caribbean islands euphemistically labeled the "Common­ wealth of Puerto Rico." Cloridod/Miguel Rivero This so-called Commonwealth has been a U.S. October 1971 demonstration for independence. Third from left is Juan Mari Bras, now general secretary of Puerto colony since the end of the Spanish-American War. Rican Socialist Party. And nowhere is that status more evident than in the large number of U. S. military installations throughout Puerto Rico. Independence Party (PIP) and the Pro-Indepen­ While in Vieques, I talked with some young native Puerto Rico's central location between North dence Movement (predecessor to the Puerto Rican Viequenses and Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP) and South America, at the entrance to the Carib­ Socialist Party.) activists about the Navy's role on their island. bean, makes it strategically important to U.S. In July 1970 the PIP mobilized more than 3,000 They explained that before the Navy moved imperialism. people to go to Culebra to oppose the Navy's into Vieques, sugar and pineapple were the island's It is estimated that some 13 percent of the is­ presence. Only about 1,000 actually made it to main industries. At one time there were six sugar land's tillable land is in federal hands- all of the island because of U. S. Coast Guard and Puerto refineries. Now the Navy has taken over the most it rent free. That includes 4,000 acres owned by Rican government interference. fertile land, including the best wells, leaving the the Air Force, 14,000 acres owned by the Army, In December of that same year, 600 to 700 Puer­ most arid sections to the civilians. and 44,000 acres owned by the Navy. The larg­ to Ricans marched in Washington, D. C., demand­ est bases are the Ramey Air Force Base on the ing that the Navy get out of Culebra. Jobs scarce west coast, near Aguadilla, and the Roosevelt Today, even the three former governors of Puerto With the economic transformation, jobs are ex­ Roads Naval Station on the east coast, facing Rico and its present governor, as well as a number tremely scarce, and a large number of Viequenses Culebra and Vieques. Roosevelt is one of the larg­ of U. S. senators and representatives, oppose the have left for places like St. Croix in the Virgin est bases in the world. Navy's use of Culebra. Islands in search of work. The protest campaign has forced the Navy to "The population has actually decreased," ex­ One school, one doctor make some concessions. Among them is an agree­ plained one of the young PSP members. "In 1942, when the Navy first came, it was around 11,200. Except for the Navy's operations, Culebra is a ment to halt the shelling during weekends and Now it's down to 7,800." quiet place. Most of its 800 to 900 inhabitants holidays so that the beaches will be accessible to live in one town. There is one school and one Culebrans. To the young Viequenses, the Navy is a con­ stant reminder of the colonial status of Puerto doctor. There is no tourism because of the danger Debate continues Rico. posed by the Navy's activities. But these small concessions are no substitute "Christmas used to be a native feast," observed Culebra is reputed to have some of the most for the Navy's getting out once and for all, and one of them, "with traditional food, songs, etc. Now beautiful beaches in the Caribbean, but they have the debate continues. it's ail Bank Americard, American Express, and been practically off limits to Culebrans since the Another wave of public outcry came last year Santa Claus." Navy set up shop there. when Defense Secretary Melvin Laird reversed his The PSP began to organize protests against the "The Navy has the best beaches, like Flamingo," earlier promise that the Navy would leave Culebra Navy's presence in Vieques in 1971. "At first we the young man on the ferry told me. "But no one by 1975, announcing the Navy would stay there simply demanded that the Navy not be allowed is allowed to go there except on weekends, when until at least 1985. The reason given was simply to participate in the annual saint's day parade. they stop shooting." that there was no better place for target practice. But later we changed our demand to 'U.S. Navy One Culebran was killed in 1945 as a result of But the Pentagon finally decided that the risk out of Vieques' and organized a contingent carry­ a technical error during Navy maneuvers. An­ of further deepening the hatred of Puerto Ricans ing signs with that demand. other, a child, was disfigured while playing with for their imperialist master was not worth taking. "In 1971, 30 people joined our contingent. In a dud the Navy had left behind. And nine Navy So, earlier this year, Defense Secretary Elliot Rich­ 1972, we drew 75 people. And this year we ex­ personnel were killed when their observation post ardson, just before leaving his post to become at­ pect to get 100," they said with enthusiasm. was mistaken for a target. torney general, said the Navy would end its train­ One other effect of the Navy's presence is that its Understandably, the island's inhabitants live in ing activities on Culebra by July 1, 1975-under mining operations interfere with fishing, an occupa­ a state of constant fear. Moreover, the military certain conditions. tion important to the livelihood of many people maneuvers have destroyed some of the Caribbean's One condition is that other Puerto Rican islands­ on Vieques. most magnificent coral reefs. They are also driving Desecheo and Monito, off the west coast- be pro­ The fight of Culebrans and Viequenses is part of away fish and unique tropical birds. vided as gunnery ranges. And to add insult to the struggle of the Puerto Rican people to deter­ In 1969, the residents of Culebra organized the injury, the Puerto Rican government must pay mine their own destiny. The battle will continue Committee for the Rescue of Culebra. It gained the half the $10-million expense of the moving opera­ until the United States gets out once and for all. active support of the two major proindependence tion! organizations in Puerto Rico- the Puerto Rican Then the move must be approved by Congress. And the Wall Street Journal reported June 8 that already "Navy diehards refuse to accept" the de­ cision and will begin "fighting behind the scenes on Capitol Hill to get a reversal." There is more to it than that. As the young ST. THOMAS man on the Culebra ferry remarked to me: "I San Juan don't think the Navy will really leave Culebra. They'll move the shooting to other islands, but • /7!-. the bases will stay here." ~,, .. As for Vieques, where the Navy conducts the ... same (though less publicized) operations, not a ~~~lii&-·VIEQUES ~\*f..(J'\·--1 a• word has been uttered by the U.S. government. Vieques is a larger island, 21 miles long by four miles wide, just south of Culebra. The Navy 1#11 controls more than two-thirds of the island, in­ ST. CROIX cluding miles of superb beaches. The land area is used for large-scale training maneuvers and the offshore waters for mining and target prac­ tice. The Navy's gradual takeover has desolated the island, once a thriving agricultural area, forc­ New rise of independence struggle in Puerto Rico •• ~~•• ~;:,.------t------17• ing its residents to live in a narrow strip along has sparked demand that U.S. Navy get out of Cu­ 0 Miles 50 the center. lebra and Vieques.

16 Strikes end, P-artial victorv.. for firemen Protests Puerto Rican workers protest greet NaUona/GuardsUikebreakin Portuguese By DICK GARZA dictator SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico, July 12- The island-wide strike by firemen that began on July 3 ended in a partial in Britain victory today. A settlement was also By TONY THOMAS reached in the water and electrical JULY 17- Portuguese Premier Mar­ workers strike that began July 5. The cello Caetano's visit to Britain has eight-day sanitation workers strike in sparked significant demonstrations by San Juan was settled July 9. Britons protesting Portugal's barbaric The firemen and the water and elec­ wars agajnst the independence fighters trical workers, whose strikes prompted in Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mo­ Governor Hernandez Colon to call zambique. out the National Guard, were demand­ About 5,000 people march.ed from ing major improvements in working Hyde Park to the Portuguese Embassy conditions, a shorter workweek, and in London on July 15, according to higher pay. a report in the New York Times. A united labor march and rally, "About 500 policemen controlled the estimated to number 15,000 workers, chanting crowd, which included sev­ was held July 11 in San Juan to pro­ eral well-known Labor party mem­ test the governor's use of the National bers," the Times said. Guard. Called by the Movimiento It also reported that several hun­ Obrero Unido (MOU- United Work­ dred people demonstrated on July 16 • ers Movement), the action was spon­ outside an official dinner honoring sored by nearly sixty unions. The Caetano at the Royal Naval College. demonstrators marched from the Caetano's visit was supposed to cel­ strike-bound Corona Brewery in San­ ebrate the 600th anniversary of the turce to a rally point one block from alliance between the Portuguese and the governor's mansion, taking over u· British ruling classes, but recent rev­ all four lanes on Ponce de Leon Son Juan, July 11. Nearly 60 unions sponsored demonstration to protest use of No­ elations of Portuguese atrocities have Avenue, one of San Juan's main thor­ tional Guard against striking firemen and electrical workers. turned it into a focus for public out­ oughfares, during the greater part of rage. the march. Among the participants Major London newspapers carried headlines like "This Man is Not Wel­ were Pedro Grant, coordinator of come" and "Don't Let This Dictator MOU and secretary-treasurer of the auto-trucks for the fire-fighting fleet. supporters ordered picket lines to dis­ Into Britain." The Liberal and La­ Boilermakers Union; Vicente Melen­ The governor claimed the agreement band and strikers to return to work bor parties passed motions demand­ dez Borges, president of the United was a result of talks between the fire under threat of losing their jobs. That ing that the Conservative government Firemen's Union; Francisco Delgado chief and the government personnel night, the State Council voted to ac­ cancel the trip, but Prime Minister Ed­ Reyes, president of the Electrical director, and was not due to the strike. cept an agreement, which apparently ward Heath refused. Workers Union ( UIPIC E); leaders of In addition, Etnesto Ramos Yordan, was larger than that first announced Reports in the U. S. and British the Teamsters, Factory Operators, Speaker of the House, proposed that by Morero. press have revealed Mylai-style mas­ Teachers, Artists, Entertainment Tech­ a special commission be set up within The workers gained a company· sacres carried out by the Portuguese. mclans and Telephone Workers fifteen days to study the wage de­ paid dental plan; 7 percent of the The information comes mainly from unions; Carlos Gallisa, attorney for mands of the firemen and to report yearly salary as a bonus; increases Spanish and Portuguese priests in Mo­ the Firemen; a Puerto Rican Indepen­ back to the governor within three in overtime rates and meal allow­ zambique. dence party (PIP) representative to months. ances; special compensation for line­ In January 1972 Reverend Joaquim the House; Ruben Berrios, PIP pres­ At a meeting held July 12, addressed men working under hazardous con­ Teles Sampaio, rector of Macuti Par­ ident and member of the Senate; and by Pedro Grant; Angel M. Agosto, ditions; and increases of various in­ ish ·Church in Beira, Mozambique, Juan Mari Bras, secretary-general of labor affairs secretary of the Puerto surance benefits. gave a sermon entitled "If You De­ the Puerto Rican Socialist party. Rican Socialist party; and firemen'.s The b_reak in the strike leadership sire Peace, Work for Justice," denounc­ attorney Carlos Gallisa, the firemen confused UTIER workers and led to During the rally, Pedro Grant scored ing racism and colonialism in Mo­ Felix Morales Evaristo Toledo, pres­ voted to accept the proposals, their return to work without winning zambique. ident of the Union of Heavy Equip­ When news reached the striking elec­ many of their demands, in particular According to the May 24 Los An­ trical and water workers July 10 of the demand· for payment of social se­ ment Workers and of the Congress geles Times, Father Sampaio said, a secret settlement made with Gov­ curity contributions by the employer of Industrial Unions, for his support 'We know from eyewitnesses that in ernor Hernandez Colon behind the instead of by the workers. Local of the governor's call-up of the Na­ November, 1971, a group of 40 com­ back of the negotiating committee by UTIER leaders, especially in the pow­ tional Guard. mandos arrived in Mucumbura re­ UTIER President Juan G. Morero, erful Rio Piedras chapter, vowed to Meanwhile, various meetings were gion, burning and wiping out every­ irate workers massed in front of the continue the fight against Morero and held between workers and government thing in their path; more than 50 to call for a special convention to representatives with. no apparent re­ union's national office demanding Mo­ huts were burned down. We know that press for his resignation. They feel sults. rero's resignation and resumption of on Nov. 4 in the same area, 16 wom­ that the strike, the first in the union's However, in a separate move the the strike. The State Council, the en . and five children (whose names governor's office announced its inten­ union's leading body, soon afterward thirty-three ·year history, has taught Continued on page tion to order for the firemen new repudiated the agreement and an­ the workers many lessons that will 22 trucks to replace those ten years old, nounced the strike would go on. The be of use in next year's wage neg

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 17 '"~-·

WhY- DorothY- Healey~uit The debate in Calif communist Party By MILTON ALVIN easier to carry out their class-collab­ ing. Healey has supported capitalist par­ LOS ANGELES- The long-festering orationist policy. "I'm always for putting the priority ty candidates in elections since the CP crisis in the California Communist Par­ Despite scathing denunciations of the where it belongs, and when a socialist adopted this policy in the mid-1930s. ty has reached a new stage with the Richmond book in the CP press, it country is being bombed, and while In· the 1972 presidential campaign she public resignation of Dorothy Healey has been promoted publicly by CPers the people are being bombed who are and those who agreed with her in after 45 years in the CP and the Young on the West Coast. fighting for national liberation in California neglected the Hall-Tyner Communist League. Healey was Healey has repeatedly spoken out South Vietnam, that to me is the campaign and actively worked for Mc­ Southern California chairwoman of in public against the CP line in the priority," she said. Govern. the party for 20 years, a former mem- past. Her open disagreements with the "And when the term peaceful coex­ Healey's open support for McGovern ber of the CP central committee, and leadership date from the time of the istence is used in the editorial," she was merely a continuation of CP poli­ the most prominent representative of 1956 congress of the Soviet Commu­ added, "that is not the kind of peace- cy, but because many California the party on the West Coast. nist Party, when Khrushchev con­ ful coexistence I would fight for." · Stalinists failed to make the tactical She announced her action on her firmed some of the monstrous crimes Healey did not refer to the detente switch dictated by Moscow's new regular radio program on KPFK-FM of Stalin. This bombshell speech threw between Nixon and Brezhnev in her friendship with Nixon, they came un­ July 9. She said her resignation was a Stalinist parties around the world into statement of resignation, but she did der fire from Gus Hall. In his "Lame response to a statement passed by the crises. The monolithic methods of rule, mention another area of dispute in­ Duck" speech Hall launched a sharp District Committee of the Southern Cal- which had formerly led to the expul­ side the Stalinist party: the deb ate over attack on the California CPers and sion of any CPer bold enough to dis­ the CP's electoral policy. "The Central sent or question party policy, were Committee of the Communist Party shattered. And dissident voices, includ­ here in the United States in December ing Healey's, began to be raised with of 19.72," Healey told her radio listen­ relative impunity. ers, "approved a report which in es­ When the Kremlin troops invaded sence said the party had been wrong Hungary to crush the workers' up­ in its electoral policy since the 1930s. rising in the fall of 1956, Healey pub­ Now I have no objection to a review licly expressed concern about the use of past policy. I do object when that of Soviet tanks in Hungary. She has review is made totally without the par­ also spoken out on the mistreatment ticipation of the membership and when of Soviet intellectuals and Jews. the new policy is agreed on as a line obligatory upon all Communists." Debate on Czechoslovakia (The report, by Gus Hall, that Healey The 1968 Soviet invasion of Czech­ was referring to has since been pub­ oslovakia brought many of these di­ lished under the title Lame Duck in visions to the fore again. The CP was Turbulent Waters.) openly divided on the invasion, which Although Healey focused on the has remained one of. the most sensi­ question of the undemocratic nature tive issues for. the CP leaders. of the decision- and there is noreason At a public meeting in 1968, Healey to doubt her charge that the decision attacked Gus Hall's stand on Czech­ was reached totally undemocratically oslovakia. "The reforms took place -her real concern is not with undemo­ completely under the leadership of the cratic norms of procedure. As a mem­ government and party in Czechoslo­ ber and leader of the Stalinist move­ vakia," she said. ment for 45 years she has gone along In her resignation statement, Healey with far worse violations of workers' revealed that "the question of the 1968 democracy without batting an eye. events in Czechoslovakia is a forbid­ den subject within the party since the McGovern vs. Hall HEALEY: After 45 years, a Stalinist with­ National Committee decision approv­ Her objection is to the line expressed out a party. ing it on Labor Day, 1968." in the Gus Hall report. Hall's speech A few years ago Healey was re­ justified the policy of stressing the CP's moved from her post as chairwoman candidates as election day neared, ifornia CP earlier that day. According of the Southern California CP and rather than giving all-out support to to Healey, the statement said, "The Dis­ from her seat on the central commit­ McGovern. Earlier in the campaign trict Committee endorses the Nation­ tee. She was also removed from the they had put heavy emphasis on sup­ RICHMOND: Will he be the next to go? al Central Committee's estimate of paid staff of the party. porting the McGovern campaign. The Comrade AI Richmond's book [A In the spring of 1972, she expressed reason for the tactical adjustment was Long View from the Left] as a weap­ disagreement with the Kremlin-'s de­ to avoid contradicting the Kremlin their role in his presidential campaign. on in the hands of the class enemy cision to go ahead with the Moscow bureaucrats, who were openly favor­ "How do the comrades from Californ­ and calls upon each comrade to re­ summit meeting with Nixon despite ing Nixon for reelection. ia explain the mess there?" Hall de­ flect the party's position when speak­ the savage bombing of North Viet­ It would have been politically im­ manded to know. ing and writing among masses." nam. Reacting to the widespread criti­ possible for the CP to give outright Despite his fulminations about short­ "If I were to keep silent about the cisms of this betrayal of the Vietnam­ support to Nixon. So they tried to comings of the· Californ~a CP, the lo­ Central Committee's characterization ese revolution, Healey used her radio resolve the contradiction by downplay­ cal Stalinists recently declined to run of Richmond's book," Healey said, show to dissociate herself from an ing support for McGovern and empha­ a mayoral candidate of their own in "it would represent a tacit acceptance editorial written by CP leaders apolo­ sizing instead the campaign of Gus Los Angeles. Instead, they supported that I agreed. I not only vehemently gizing for the Nixon-Brezhnev meet- Hall and Jarvis Tyner. Tom Bradley, a Black Democrat and disagree but I consider their action a ex-cop. This policy had Healey's com­ height of bureaucratic centralism." plete support. Al Richmond was for many years the editor of the People's World, week­ ly West Coast voice of the CP. He Following her resignation, the South­ was forced to resign after he wrote ern California District Committee is­ a series of articles opposing the So­ sued a statement that said, in part, viet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 'When she was asked, as a Commu­ 1968 and expressing sympathy with nist, not to broadcast anti-Party ma­ the aims of the Dubcek leadership of terial, she insisted upon doing so. the reform movement in Czech­ "There was, however, no move to oslovakia. expel Dorothy Healey. She deserted the Communist Party and is taking 'Independence' from Moscow the course of openly attacking the Par­ Richmond's book reflects the views ty, after failing after many years, to of many CPers on the West Coast, win the Party to her views. . . . 'including Healey. This grouping feels The attempts to crush our Party have that the CP's political subservience to failed. Our class enemies now try a different tack: that of undermining the ijle twists and turns in Kremlin poli­ cy are an embarrassment and an ob­ Party by distorting its manifold con­ stacle to CP work inside the Demo­ tributions and by trying to deflect radi­ cratic Party. They argue for more calized masses from coming into our "independence" from Moscow for the ranks." Stalinists in ~e United States- not However, this statement was not from a revolutionary perspective, but Czechoslovakia, 1968. Soviet tanks put end to 'Prague Spring.' Healey's public crit­ unanimously approved. According to from the point of view· of making it icism of CP support for invasion struck sensitive nerve at CP headquarters. Continued on page 22

18 Ohio Teamster officials use Cleveland hooligan tactics against ranks ERA rally By HERMAN KIRSCH The day following this meeting, George New, who is a long-distance CLEVELAND-Just as Teamster of­ seven large shipping companies in driver. "But that would mean driving demands ficials have used goons to intimidate Cleveland were paralyzed by wildcat 70 hours a week and (being] gone and harass striking farm workers in Teamster strikes. All the strikes were from home three to four days at a California, they have used hooligan short-lived, however, as a result of time. ratification tactics against rank-and-file members the use of goons by the bureaucrats. . I don't know where Fitzsim­ By NANCY BROWN of the Teamsters union in Cleveland. "They're forcing us to have a referen­ mons gets this $32,500 from, except CLEVELAND, July 16-More than Four members of Teamsters Local dum mail ballot which requires a two­ for a broker who owns his own truck. 175 people participated in a rally here 407 here were beaten recently by thirds rejection [of the contract] to I guess Fitzsimmons gets it from the July 7 calling for ratification of the goons and sent to the hospital, ac­ strike," explained George New, the same place he gets our pensions­ Equal Rights Amendment in Ohio. cording to Lester Williams, president vice-president of TURF. The bureau­ from his pocket. The ERA was passed by the Ohio of Teamsters United Rank and File crats will count the ballots. "As for Watergate," New concluded, House of Representatives in February. (TURF). New and Williams say that the pay "our union officials have their own In May, a Senate committee voted not The incident was one in a series raises in the new contract are not Watergate. They got it the same way to let the amendment out of committee. of attacks designed to intimidate op­ sufficient to keep pace with the cost Nixon did." This prevents it from being voted on position to the new three-year agree­ of living, particularly for over-the­ by the Senate during this session of ment signed by Teamsters officials CLEVELAND, July 13 -A section of road drivers. In addition, the propo­ the general assembly, which runs with the trucking industry. The con­ Teamster Local 392 ended its strike sal is silent about the poor working through 197 4. tract has been imposed on 400,000 against local deparment stores this conditions forced on the over-the-road The July 7 rally was called by the truck drivers and dock workers na­ drivers. week by a vote of 123 to 7 5. tionally, including an estimated 8,000 Cleveland chapter of the National Or­ Frank Fitzsimmons, president of the It is likely that the strike would ganization for Women (NOW) to keep Greater Cleveland Teamsters repre­ Teamsters, has praised the contract. have continued if it had the support sented by Local 407. the ERA before the public eye. En­ "It would raise earnings of some of Teamster officials. However, Wil­ dorsers for the rally included Con­ A vote to reject the new proposal drivers to over $32,000 a year by liam Presser, Ohio Teamster chief, gressman Louis Stokes; 21st Congres­ threatened to cancel strike benefits and took place at a union meeting of 3,000 1975," he claimed in a recent news sional District Caucus; United Farm ordered an end to the strike. Inter­ on July 1. It gave notice to the Team­ conference. According to the Cleveland Workers Union; Roberta Scherr, So­ ster officials that they are going to national Teamster President Frank Press, Fitzsimmons also expressed his cialist Workers Party candidate for have some problems. After the vote belief that Teamster members will con­ Fitzsimmons demanded a membership mayor of Cleveland; Case Western Re­ vote through a mail referendum to was taken, the union bureaucrats sud­ tinue to support Nixon until "all the serve University. Women's Center; denly announced a "bomb threat." The facts are in" on theW atergate scandal. be counted by union officials. Cleveland State University Women's hall was partially emptied to allow Fitzsimmons said that with the new The strike by appliance haulers, Liberation; Women's Rights Commit­ police to search the area. No bomb contract the base income of long-dis­ however, did force the companies to tee of the American Federation was found. Members of the union told tance drivers paid by the mile would raise their original offers from 77 of State, County and Municipal Em­ The Militant that union officials fab­ exceed $20,500 annually without cents to $1.20 over three years. In ployees; Cleveland Council of Union ricated the bomb threat to break up overtime. addition, the strikers won a limited Women; State Representative Harry the meeting. "Sure we could make $20,500," said escalator clause. Lehman; City Councilwoman Carol McLendon, and others. Keynote speakers at the rally in­ cluded Sue Johnson, president of Atlanta Black workers stage walkout Cleveland NOW; Councilwoman Carol McClendon; and State Senator Mari­ gene Valiquette of Toledo, who spon­ SWP's Bustin supports bank strike sored the ERA in the state Senate. Senator Valiquette said the ERA By JOEL ABER son [Black Democratic vice-mayor sure to make a statement for us!" should be a target issue in the pri­ ATLANTA, Ga., July 5-Debbie Bus­ and a leading contender in the may­ After talking to reporters, Bustin mary elections next spring. "The na­ tin, Socialist Workers Party candidate or's race] to join me on the picket lines entered the bank to withdraw her ac­ tional Democratic and Republican par­ for. mayor, held a news conference to­ during the strike of Black workers count. Bank officials blocked a tele­ ties have endorsed the amendment," day in front of the Citizens and South­ at Rich's Department Store, he said vision crew from following her inside. she said, "and state legislative candi­ ern (C& S) Bank just after striking he wouldn't intervene 'in private labor dates should be made aware of their Black employees had been arrested disputes.' But these labor disputes are parties' platform stand." Valiquette while picketing. not private. Richard Rich and Mills urged working for the 1974 elections Bustin announced at the news con­ B. Lane, owners of C& S, claim that "from the bottom up" to elect state ference that she was going to withdraw Atlanta is not racist. But they dis­ representatives from Ohio who sup­ both her personal account and the criminate against Black people in hir­ port the ERA SWP campaign account from the bank ing and promotion and pay Black Other speakers at the rally included to show her support for the strikers. people low wages." Roberta Scherr. "The way to win rati­ Last week Black workers walked out Police arrested the pickets because, fication of the ERA," said Scherr, "is to protest racism at the bank. Along Police Lieutenant Samples said, "They not for women to rely on the Demo­ were using bullhorns· and hollering." with a walkout at J. C. Penney's, this crats and Republicans, who have is the latest in a series of strikes by A local television reporter . asked proven that they are not interested Black workers here over the last year. Samples, "Did you arrest the Shriners in the rights of women, but to orga­ "Once again," Bustin told reporters when they used bullhorns and made nize actions like this to win public sup­ outside the bank, "I challenge my op­ so much noise in their parade today?" port and to demand that the ERA be ponents in the race to show where they As the pickets were being arrested, BUSTIN: Withdraws money from C&S ratified." stand. When I asked Maynard Jack- one woman yelled out to Bustin, "Be Bank.

Texas socialist hits 'subversive list' By JILL FEIN compiled by the U. S. attorney gen­ ing to announce the suit McKnight HOUSTON, July 6- The American eral. said, "I think I have the right to earn Civil Liberties Union filed suit today McKnight is seeking $15,000 in my living and support the political against Texas Attorney General John damages and is asking that the at­ party of my choice." Hill and the State Department of Pub­ torney general of Texas be restrained Also present at the press conference lic Welfare on behalf of Anne Springer from using such a list of organiza­ was Dan Fein, Socialist Workers Party McKnight. McKnight was denied a tions as a basis for denying employ­ candidate for mayor of Houston. Fein welfare job in Houston because she ment. said, "At the time McKnight was de­ is a member of the Socialist Workers nied employment, the Socialist Work­ Party. According to an article in the July 7 ers Party was running a campaign McKnight met all requirements for Houston Post, "Eugene Lege, director for president of the United States, gov­ the position of supervisor in the Har­ of the Harris County Child Welfare ernor of Texas, and more than 100 ris County Child Welfare Unit. She Unit, said he recalled Mrs. McKnight's other positions around the country . was interviewed and offered the job employment application and under­ .. in 1972, but before she was to begin stood the regional welfare office had "Denying employment to Anne Mc­ work she was notified there would refused to let his office hire her be­ Knight was a travesty of justice. While be a delay in her being hired. Four cause she was a member of the [So­ we were running a campaign with days tater she was told that she could cialist Workers] party. He said he re­ all our candidates on the Texas bal­ not be hired because of her affiliation membered they were disappointed be­ lot, our campaign supporter, Anne . > < \ with the Socialist Workers Party. cause she was so well qualified for McKnight could not get a job with Militant/Herman Kirsch The suit says the state used the list social work." the state because she helped campaign One hundred and seventy-five people of allegedly "subversive" organizations At a press conference held this morn- for the Socialist Workers Party." demonstrated in Cleveland on July 7 for passage of ERA.

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 19 ln·Review

Calling for trade-union unity against the bosses and the govern­ Ubiration ment, Yvon-Doucet lias urged that Women and the Liberation. Montreal, Quebec. "a general assembly of delegates elected by the workers of all involved July 1973. 25 cents per copy. unions" decide on all collective con­ Eight months for $1. tracts. This proposal was passed at Chinese revolution a meeting of the Montreal Construc­ The July issue of Liberation, the Que­ The Women's Representative. A play by Sun Yu. Performed becois Trotskyist newspaper, contains tion Union. at the Night House, 249 W 18 St., New York, N. Y. a vivid picture of the problems fac­ The union's leaders, however, have ing revolutionists in Quebec. refused to carry the proposal out On May 1, 1950, the People's Republic of China proclaimed a new Liberation, published in Montreal, and have launched a campaign marriage law. The law prohibited forced marriage, polygamy, child against Yvon-Doucet, suspending his reflects the views of the Ligue Social­ brides, concubinage, and the paying of bride prices. It also granted iste Ouvriere/ League for Socialist Ac­ right to vote and speak in the painters women the right to divorce and made it a crime to interfere with tion, the section of the Fourth In­ local to which he belongs. Support­ the freedom of marriage and divorce. ternational in Canada and Quebec. ers of union democracy are fighting For the next three years the Chinese Communist Party carried out Two of this 'issue's most interest­ now for his reinstatement. a campaign to implement this marriage act. During that period ing articles concern activities of the Other articles in Liberation center many of the plays performed throughout China dealt with the mar­ Committee for Militant Unionism on tlie need for working-class polit­ riage law. The Women's Representative, winner of the first prize in ( CM U), a class-struggle trade-union ical action and for a break with the 1953 People's Playwriting Contest, comes from that period when committee supported by Quebecois the nationalist-capitalist Parti Quebe­ women were being encouraged to assert their rights as human socialists. cois (Quebec Party). There is an ed­ beings. One article is by Andre Doucet, itorial, ''What a workers government The Night House production of this play- probably its first U.S. a member of the CM U and the Ser­ would be; how to arrive at it?" and performance- clearly depicts the struggle for women's liberation vice Employees Union. He reports a statement by the Ligue Socialiste within the Chinese peasant household. As one of the characters re­ on a successful struggle in his union Ouvriere and the Ligue des Juenes marks, until the 1949 revolution, it was assumed that "a man roams to defeat plans for "participation" by_ over the whole world; a woman travels around the stove." workers in a management-controlled The play is about a young Chinese peasant woman, Wang Kuei­ council at a hospital in Montreal. Yung. As the women's representative in her village, she has been CMU supporters in the union ar­ Uberadon drawn into an increasingly active role while her husband is away. gued instead for a workers coun­ Her mother-in-law has been waiting for the return of her son, hop­ cil, which Doucet explains would be les racines de Ia ing that then things will revert to their "natural order." "composed of representatives elected On the evening when the husband is to return, Wang Kuei-Yung and recallable at every moment by f~niste~ goes to her literacy class as usual. The mother-in-law tries to keep the employees and all the unions her home by refusing to care for her child. But Wang Kuei-Yung simply takes her infant to a child-care center. When the husband returns, his wife is not there to feed him and Periodicals Theatre of the hospital." Despite opposition from union bureaucrats and threats to expel militants from the union, care for his needs. And when she does finally come home, villagers the local voted 33 to 31 . to boycott invade the house to speak to her about their problems. the elections for the management The husband tries to reestablish the old pattern of female sub­ council. Loi 65: "participation"~ cu/-de-sac/3 mission and attempts to beat his wife when she refuses to give up Another article covers the case of Construction: pour Ia democratie syndicale/S her independence. Le peronisme en Argentine/13 Paul Yvon-Doucet, a socialist and But the play is essentially a comedy with a happy ending. The CMU supporter, who has been vic· husband comes to accept a bit of the new ways. He is especially timized by union bureaucrats in the pleased that his wife's independence brings greater material benefits Socialistes/Y oung Socialists calling construction trades. for an independentworkerscampaign to the family. There have been sharp confronta­ in the Montreal elections for school Several scenes in the play illustrate how women were won over tions between construction unions of board. to the revolution, such as the scene between Aunt Niu, an ignorant folk doctor, and Wang Kuei-Yung. the Confederation of National Trade Liberation also carries two impor­ Unions (CNTU), the Quebec Federa­ tant historical articles on the femin­ Aunt Niu earns her living by dispensing medicine that is some­ tion of Labor (QFL), and the Con­ ist struggle. "The Family and the times harmful to her patients. At first she is hostile to Wang Kuei­ federation of Democratic Unions Socialist Revolution," written in 1918 Yung, who wants to suppress these practices. But Aunt Niu is won (CDU). Yvon-Doucet and others by Alexandre Kollontai, outlines the over when Wang Kuei-Yung arranges for her to attend classes in have criticized the union officials in fight against the domestic slavery of midwifery and to then return to her village to help lead the fight the CNTU and QFL for supporting women. Another article is the final for better health. legislation designed t-o foster these ri­ installment j.n Liberation's serializa­ The great campaign for freedom of marriage and divorce went valries within the construction trades. tion of Feminism and the Marxist out with a whisper in 1953. The Maoist bureaucracy retreated in the Movement by Mary-Alice Waters. This face of opposition to the new law. Today divorce is infrequent in pamphlet is available in English from China, and sex outside marriage or marriage itself before the age Pathfinder Press (410 West St., New of 26 is considered "unsocialist." York, N.Y. 10014). A French edi­ The Women's Representative reminds us of the gains women tion is being published by Editions have made in post-capitalist China-how far they have come and d 'Avant Garde, 226 est, rue Ste-Cath­ how far they must go. -DIANNE FEELEY erine, Montreal 129, Quebec, Canada. There are several articles on inter­ national issues, including "Imperial­ ist CanadaJstillan accomplice in Viet­ nam"; ''Why the Argentine bourgeoisie supports the Peronists"; and "Mao­ ism: myth and reality." Rounding out this issue are an article on Watergate and major ex­ cerpts from the Theses on Tactics adopted by the Communist Interna­ tional's Third Congress in 1921. Liberation is a must for French­ reading revolutionists in the U.S. and elsewhere. For a subscription, Public employees' demonstration during write Liberation, B. P. 641, Succ. "N,Q Spring 1972 workers' upsurge in Montreal 129, Quebec, Canada. Quebec. -TONY THOMAS

Scene from 'The Women's Representative'

20 ing to the Seventh Congress of the different sectors of this "national front." through the October Revolution." Second ol a s'eries Stalinist Chinese Communist Party on The result was that when conserva­ Davidson uses this and other falsifi­ By TONY THOMAS April 24, 1945, Mao said: tive and military sectors of NASA­ cations to attempt to prove that Lenin "The question was posed as follows: "Some people cannot understand why KOM sought to smash a growing opposed the theory of permanent revo­ are we to consider as correct the asser­ the Communists [referring to the Chi­ mass mobilization, the Indonesian lution during and after the Russian tion that the capitalist stage of eco­ nese Communist Party], far from being Communist Party was unable and un­ revolution, and that i:he revolution in nomic development is inevitable for antipathetic to capitalism, actually willing to mobilize the masses or arm stages represents Leninism. backward nations now on the road promote its development. To them we them to defend themselves against the to emancipation ... ? We replied in simply say this much: to replace the national capitalists. More than 500,- Before the 1917 revolution there the negative. If the victorious revolu­ oppression of foreign imperialism and 000 Indonesians, most of whom were were some differences between Lenin tionary proletariat conducts system­ native feudalism with the development Communist Party members, paid with and Trotsky on the question of perma­ atic propaganda among them, and of capitalism is not only an advance, their lives for their support to Mao's nent revolution. Both agreed that the the Soviet governments come to their but also an unavoidable process." friend Sukarno. coming Russian revolution would be aid with all the means at their dis- (From The Fight for a New China, One of the first efforts Davidson bourgeois-democratic in character, and both opposed allying with the Russian national bourgeoisie or plac­ ing any political confidence in them. Lenin put forward the formula of The Guardian &. TrotskY.ism a "democratic dictatorship of the prole­ tariat and peasantry," that is, an al~ liance of the two main oppressed class­ es in Russia. He did not call for the dictatorship of the proletariat and di­ Lenin, Mao, and theory rect implementation of socialist mea­ sures after a projected victory. This was not because he believed the Rus­ sian capitalists would be in the leader­ of 'two-stage· revolution· ship of the revolution, but because he left open the question of the weight of the peasantry in the alliance.

posal- in that event it will be mis­ New Century Publishers. New York, Trotsky rejected the idea that the taken to assume that the backward December 1945. Emphasis added.) peasantry would play a political role peoples must inevitably go through Opposition to two-stage theories of independent from the working class the capitalist stage of development the revolution, as Lenin's remarks or capitalists, although he agreed that the Communist International show, was one of the principles of the winning the support of the peasants should advance the proposition ... Communist International when it was was decisive to the success of the revo­ that with the aid of the proletariat of led by Lenin and Trotsky. Trotsky's lution. Trotsky drew the conclusion the advanced countries, backward works 1905 and Results and Pros­ that only the seizure of power by the countries can go over to the Soviet pects, in which he first developed the proletariat, supported by the peas­ system and, through certain stages theory of permanent revolution, were ants, could lay the basis for solving of development, to communism, with­ printed by the Communist Internation­ the tasks of the bourgeois-democratic out having to pass through the capi­ al as textbooks on revolutionary the­ revolution- and then only by imple­ talist stage." (V. I. Lenin, "Report on ory. menting a series of socialist measures. the Commission on the National and Their differences could be summed the Colonial Questions," July 28, up as follows: Lenin left open the 1920.) Stalinism exact relationship between the prole­ This is the classic view of Leninism In the 1920s, a conservative bureau­ tariat and the peasantry in the demo­ on the road to liberation for under­ cratic caste led by Stalin usurped con­ cratic revolution; Trotsky felt that the developed countries and Oppressed na­ trol over the Communist Internation­ specific variant for successful solution tions. Revolutionary Marxists- bas­ al and the Soviet Communist Party. LENIN: 'Backward countries can go over of these problems could only be the ing themselves on Leon Trotsky's the­ One of the main characteristics of this to ... communism, without having to dictatorship of the proletariat with the ory of permanent revolution and the caste was the subordination of the pass through the capitalist stage.' political support of the peasants. Nei­ concrete experience of the 1917 Rus­ world revolution to the prospects of ther Lenin nor Trotsky thought at any sian revolution- believe that the lib­ making deals with various capitalist makes to justify the two-stage theory time that political confidence could be eration of these countries can take forces. Part of their struggle for this is to falsify Lenin's position on this given to the capitalists. Both opposed place only through a direct seizure of perspective was to promote the two­ question. In his article in the April the two-stage view put forward by power by the working class, support­ stage theory of revolution and to 4 Guardian, Davidson claims "Lenin Mao and Davidson. ed by the peasants and other oppressed launch a vicious attack against insisted that the revolution would de­ layers, and through the initiation of Trotsky and other supporters of the velop in stages" in Russia. socialist measures. theory of permanent revolution. Davidson also claims that Lenin saw 'Democratic dictatorship' Their two-stage or "uninterrupted" the Russian revolution of 1917 as By the time of the 1917 revolution, '.:~·Nif':C'S-"l•:>-kt> "'::..t. f·'S i: theory became a justification for sub­ taking place in two stages according Lenin had developed a concrete con­ ; 2-.: • - ! > ~ ordinating the colonial revolution to to this schema: "the revolutionary dem­ tent of the "democratic dictatorship of ·;·· ~ '' ' national capitalists willing to make ocratic dictatorship of the workers and the proletariat and the peasantry" that I diplomatic or military deals with the peasants [which] came into being dur­ was synonymous with proletarian dic­ ~ ,:.''> ?: l~,c Soviet bureaucracy. ing the first stage, during the period tatorship- not separate from it as Da­ i ~ ~• :: . ·'' -'- r}tJ One of the first and most tragic of the dual power and in the special vidson claims. This is why Davidson ··' m'"' ,A·"- ' """ !c-· ,">:- ,,~· ,,· examples of this was Stalin's demand ~~.. .;,';,-,.lit: .... ·,..,:~'··t-'>''":A, "'"7 form of the Soviets of Workers' and is unable to find any polemics on that the Chinese Communists give sup­ Soldiers' Deputies"; and a second this question between Lenin and rPE.ti~s'f:£' ,.ii;JES port to Chiang Kai-shek and his Kuo­ stage, "the proletarian dictatorship Continued on page 22 mintang (Nationalist) Party during J; BV L. T~OTSKY the Second Chinese Revolution in the 1920s. Stalin's support to Chiang went rTRI< '<"I..ATI£0 'FROM 11:1::: ~USSIAN so far that the Chinese Communist i' BY J. F:NEBEr:lc;. Party was dissolved into the bour­ I geois-nationalist Kuomintang Party. I. He crdered the Chinese CP to follow ··, its d!scipline, and Chiang was elected f' as an honorary member of the execu­ tive committee of the Comintern. ~- PUBLI~"-EO ~'I THE COMMUNIST I~TERNATIO~ Educated in the Stalinist school and ~ MOSC.OW - 1921 leading their own bureaucratic caste, J ••• the Peking rulers have championed Cover of Trotsky's 'Results and Prospects,' this two-stage view to justify similar which explains theory of permanent rev­ support to capitalist "friends of China" olution, published by the Communist In­ throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin ternational in 1921. America. The most disastrous example was Carl Davidson, in his recent series the support given by the Maoists to of articles on Trotskyism in the Guard­ Sukarno, Indonesia's capitalist lead­ ian, attacks this view and defends the er until 1965. With Peking's blessings, position of "two-stage" or "uninterrupt­ Indonesia's pro-Mao Communist Par­ ed" revolution advanced by Stalin and ty gave full support to Sukarno as Mao Tsetung. Davidson's attacks are the leader of the "national capitalists." part of the Guardian's campaign in It joined his NASAKOM coalition defense of the counterrevolutionary po­ (standing for the national capitalists, sitions of the Chinese bureaucracy. the religious conservatives, the mili­ Contrary to Lenin, Mao Tsetung tary, and the Communists) govern­ holds that capitalism is a necessary ment. As part of its support for the stage of development in underdevel­ "first stage," the Indonesian Stalinists Demonstration in front of the Winter Palace in Petrog oped and oppressed nations. Speak- called for "no confrontations" between trary to lenin, claims there were 'two stages' in the Russian revolution.

THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 21 one hand, and Bridges on the other. has been brought to Africa with this tober 1917 was marked by dual pow­ Negotiating committee meetings U.S. aid- napalm, defoliation, "stra­ er between the Soviets and the capl­ •.. contract were open to all ILWU members, not tegic hamlets," and Mylai-style mas­ talist Provisional Government. Lenin Continued from page 13 secret and closed like in 1971-72, sacres. did not see this period as the stage weakness, as is the $E;i-million a year when Bridges ran things with an iron These revelations underscore the ne­ of "democratic dictatorship" as Da­ limit. This is not enough. However, hand. It is evident that a new militant cessity for opponents of U.S. com­ vidson claims. In Lenin's view, on­ the negotiating committee felt it would leadership is emerging, one that is plicity with Portuguese colonialism to ly the overthrow of the Provisional survive the next two years unless the better equipped to cope with the press­ continue the campaign to expose and Government and the establishment of bottom falls out ing problems facing the entire labor end the U. S. 's role in southern Africa. the single power of the Soviets repre­ The cost-of-living allowance(COLA) movement, not just the ILWlJ. sented the completion of the "demo­ section of the· contract is inadequate. cratic dictatorship." "COLA" means tail in Spanish, and In a letter outlining the tasks of in truth COLA is the stubby tail of the Bolsheviks after the outbreak of the contract. To begin with, it doesn't ... Healey the February revolution, Lenin point­ go into effect until January 1975, six ... protests ed out how this dictatorship was to months before the contract ends. Also, Continued from page 18 Continued from page 17 be achieved. He wrote that the Bol­ the maximum incn.ase allowed for a an account by Art Kunkin in the July sheviks must "transfer political pow­ we have) were herded into a hut and 13 Los Angeles Free Press, "Long six-month period is 12 cents an hour. er from the government of the land­ Many small improvements on wel­ burned alive by the so-called forces time party trade unionist and journal­ of peace and order.... " lords and capitalists . . . to a gov­ fare items, such as 100 percent pay­ ist Sam Kushner is one of at least ernment of the workers and poorest The July 12 Washington Post tells ment for dental work, were gained; three party leaders who refused to peasants. This latter government must of the exposure in London of another but there wasn't enough push to get lend their names to the decision that be organised on the model of the So­ massacre. This time the source was the big demands- the seven-hour day requires all party members, and es­ viets of Workers' and Peasants' Depu­ Father Adrian Hastings, a lecturer or the elimination of the steady-man pecially Ms. Healey, to publicly con­ ties. . . . Only such a government, of on African affairs at the College of clause. demn a book which Ms. Healey evi­ 'such' a class composition ('revolu­ the Ascension in Birmingham. The The PMA claimed the seven-hour dently helped' to write." tionary-democratic dictatorship of the account is based on a report he had day would cost another 77 cents an The decades of right-wing Stalinist proletariat and peasantry') ... will received in June from the Spanish Mis­ hour. The negotiating committee politics Healey has practiced and be capable of successfully carrying sionary Society of Burgos. backed off. taught to others leave little hope that out the . chief task of the mo­ "The report," the Post wrote, "as­ The shipowners appeared willing to her departure from the Communist ment. modify section 9.43, which allows the serts that Portuguese soldiers and se­ Party will lead her to revolutionary employers to hire key machine op­ curity police shot, burned, beat and positions. Her favorable attitude to­ On the first anniversary of. the Oc­ erators directly, bypassing the rotat­ mutilated more than 400 men, women wards Richmond's book is a clue to tober revolution, Lenin pointed out ing hiring hall. The rank and file has and children Dec. 16 at Wiriyamu, her future. It can be expected to be that it was only after the October rev­ been so angry and frustrated with a village in western Mozambique. confined to the brand of reformism olution that · the Bolsheviks swept this section that productivity has suf­ "The account lists the names of 133 she practiced for so many years in "away at one blow the age-old enemy fered. victims," the Post continued, "many the CP. of the peasants, the feudal landowner, The PMA however, would only of them infants, and says they were However, her resignation will un­ the big landed proprietor." On the agree to small modifications that slaughtered because they helped Fre­ doubtedly shake things up in the Cal­ fourth anniversary of the revolution, would in effect legitimize 9.43. Their limo [guerrilla fighters] ...." ifornia CP, and her action may be Lenin pointed out that it was in the strategy was to get the militant rank­ Hastings reported that survivors followed by other CPers she has had process of the October· socialist revo­ and-file leaders on the negotiating slipped away from the massacre after influence over in the past. Many of lution that the bourgeois-democratic committee to vote for the changes, dark and gave their story to the Bur­ these people have found comfortable tasks were solved: "We solved the prob­ and therefore be put in the position gos missionaries. Hastings said that roosts in the Democratic party and lems of the bourgeois-democratic rev­ of selling the modified 9.43 to the "his confidence in the Burgos Society will be only too glad to remain there olution in passing, as a 'by-product' membership. But the majority of the convinces him that the account is ac­ without further obligations to the Com­ of our main and genuinely prole· negotiating committee said, in effect, curate." He also said that two Spanish munist Party. tarian-revolutionary, socialist activi­ "Nothing doing; we'll conduct guer­ missionaries, Martin Hernandez and ties." rilla warfare against 9.43 until 1975, Alfonso Valverde, have been impris­ Davidson's charges that the Bolshe­ at which time we'll throw it out­ oned by the Portuguese for attempting viks pursued a policy of two-stage by strike if necessary." to report other atrocities in Mozam­ revolution in 1917 are thus patently Thus, the struggle to return all jobs bique. false. In fact, the central problem of to the hiring hall will continue. Gen­ U.S. imperialism supplies hundreds ... Guardian the Bolshevik revolution was the strug­ erally, the ranks of the ILWU feel of millions of dollars in military and Continued from page 21 gle against the Mensheviks and other this negotiating committee did as well economic aid to the Portuguese co­ Trotsky during or after the revolu­ supporters of the two-stage theory, as it could, considering it had to fight lonialists .. The entire system of geno­ tion. who wanted to wait for the "necessary" on two fronts- against the PMA on cidal warfare developed in Vietnam The period from February to Oc· capitalist development. Socialist Directory ALABAMA: Tuscaloosa: YSA, P. 0. Box 5462, University, Ala. 35486. Lake Charles: YSA, c/o Cathy Harrison, P.O. Box 16, MSU, Lake Upper West Side: SWP and YSA, 2744 Broadway (106th St.), New ARIZONA: Phoenix: c/o Steve Shliveck, P.O. Box 890, Tempe, Ariz. Chari es, lo. 70601. York, N. T. 10025. Tel: (212)663-3000. 85281. New Orleans: YSA, c/o Clarence Williams, 3141 N. 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22 SOOAUST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes at 3311 Mont­ rose. 75c per session. Ausp: Young Socialist Alliance. For more information call (713) S26-1 OB2. Fri., July 27, 8 p.m.; Sat., July 28, 2 p.m.; Sun., July 29, 2 p.m.: History of American Trotskyism. Teach­ Calendar er: Harry Ring. ATLANTA POLICE FRAME-UP OF BLACK ACTIVISTS IN NORTH LOS ANGELES CAROLINA. Speakers: Molly Hicks and Reverend Ben CHINA SINCE THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION. Speaker: Chavis, two re~ent frame-up victims. Slide show. Fri., Les Evans, editor of International Socialist Review. July 27, 8:30 p.m. Militant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree Fri., July 27, 8 p.m. 1107 1/2 N. Western Ave., Third St. N. W., Third Floor. Donation: $], h. s. students 50c. Floor. Donation: $], h. s. students 50c. Ausp: Militant Ausp: Militant Bookstore Forum. For more informa­ Forum. For more information call (213) 464-97S9. tion call (404) 523-0610. NEW YORK: LOWER MANHATTAN SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Seminars related to SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes held at 706 classes on Transitional program, National question, Broadway (near W. 4th St.), Eighth Flo('<'. SOc per Chinese revolution. Sun., July 29. Sessions at Mili­ session. For more information call (212) 982-60Sl. tant Bookstore, 68 Peachtree St. N. W., Third Floor. Wed., July 25, 8 p.m.: The permanent revolution in Ausp: Socialist Workers Party. For more information Cuba. Teacher: Eva Chertov. call (404) 523-0610. NEW YORK: UPPER WEST SIDE AUSTIN SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Series on the Leninist SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes at Harriet Tub­ concept of the party. Classes at 2744 Broadway (near man Hall, 1801 Nueces. Ausp: Socialist Workers Party 105th St.) SOc per session. For more information call and Young Socialist Alliance. For mora information (212) 663-3000. Following the successful 1934 Minneapolis Teamsters strikes, call (51 2) 478-8602. Wed., July 25, 6:30 p.m.: The character and composi­ Wed., Thurs., Fri., July 25, 26, 27: The Cuban Revo­ Teamster Local 544 began the organization of over-the-road tion of a revolutionary workers party. Teacher: Marcia lution. Teacher: Harry Ring. Gallo. truck drivers. Farrell Dobbs, the central strategist of this campaign and a revolutionary socialist, gives the step-by-step BOSTON SAN DIEGO - FOURTEEN YEARS OF THE CUBAN REVOLUTION: RE­ account of how it developed throughout eleven Midwest states. HOW WOMEN LOST CONTROL OF THEIR DESTINY SULTS·AND PROSPECTS. A ~anel discussion with Jear>­ AND HOW THEY CAN REGAIN IT. Speakers: Ann He describes the struggle by rank-and-file members for nette Tracy, Socialist Workers Party candidate for Bos- Forlreedam, feminist author and editor of Women . ton school committee; ond others. Fri., July 27, 8 democratic control of their union locals, the forging of team Out of History; Salm Kalis, Socialist Workers Party p.m. 655 Atlantic Ave. (opp. South Sto.). Donation: candidate for city council. Fri., July 27, 8 p.m. 4635 leadership within the unions and the Central States Drivers $], h. s. students 50c. Ausp: Militant Labor Forum. For El Cajon Blvd. For more information call the Militant Council, and the class struggle dynamic of the fight against more information call (617) 482-8050. Bookstore, (714) 280-1 292. the trucking bosses. A chapter of American labor radicalism

BROOKLYN SEATTLE rich in lessons for today's trade union militants. Index; SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Series on the Leninist SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL.Introduction to Marxism. Illustrations. 255 pp., $8.95, paper $2.95 conception of the party. Classes at 136 Lawrence St. Classes held Thursdays, 7:30 p.m., Militant Bookstore, (downtown). 50c per session. Ausp: Socialist Workers 5257 University Way N. E. 2Sc per session. Ausp: Party and Young Socialist Alliance. For more informa­ Socialist Workers Party, Young Socialist Alliance, Young tion call12121 596-2849. Socialists for Honts. For more information call (206) A Monad Press Book exclusively distributed by Wed., July 25, 7:30 p.m.: Composition of the revo­ 523-2S5S. lutionary party. Teacher: Jay Ressler. Thurs., July 26: Organizing the revolutionary party: Pathfinder Press, Inc., 410 West Street, New York, N.Y. 10014 democratic centralism. Tel. (212) 7 41-0690 CLEVELAND SOCIALIST SUMMER SCHOOL. Classes at Debs Hall, SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 4420 Superior Ave. For more information call (216) THE SWP ON THE AIR. Listen to Theodore Edwards, 391-5553. spokesman for the Socialist Workers Party, on his Thurs., July 26, 7 p.m.: The permanent revolution. weekly radio program, 2 p.m. every Saturday, KPFK­ FM, 90.7.

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THE MILITANT/JULY 27, 1973 23 THE MILITANT Struggle shifts to Arvin-Lamont fields Farm orkers cite gains of grape strike By MIGUELPENDAS COACHELLA, Calif., July 16-"The damage is done. The rancheros [grow­ ers] have been hurt." This is how United Farm Workers Union leader Marshall Ganz summed up the strike that has been taking place here since April 16. Speaking in Spanish at a July 13 rally, Ganz told several hun­ dred huelgistas (strikers) that the strike would be ending in the Coa­ chella Valley as the harvest draws to a close. The center of the grape strike has now shifted to the Arvin-Lamont area, about 100 miles north of Los An-

For information on Farm Worker support actions in California, see page 14. geles. This is the second area to be harvested each year in California. This spring, grape growers ·there refused to renew their UFW contracts and instead signed "sweetheart" deals with the Teamster union bureaucrats. More than 800 workers are now on strike in the area, trying to get the Sacramento, Calif. United Farm Workers supporters confront Teamster head Frank Fitzsimmons. Widespread support for UFW contracts back. Their ranks will be against Teamster-grower attacks has aided the struggle of the farm workers for a union of their choice. increased as the workers leave Coa­ chella and join the strike in Lamont. A group officially representing all Sacramento. Fitzsimmons viciously ever, the experience of Coachella sidered a victory by the Farm Work­ of the Catholic men's religious orders denounced the clergy who have sup­ should be a lesson to them. ers. "We're killing them on the prices in the U.S. joined the picketers July 13 ported the Farm Workers strike, call· Wholesale prices for Coachella there too," added Bank. in Lamont. The delegation of the Con­ ing them "fanatics" who are "ignorant" grapes are dropping so low that some The boycott, also, continues to have ference of Major Superiors of Men of the labor movement. He com­ growers have given up trying to har­ an effect. For example, it was report­ was led by Denver Bishop George plained of having received nine bags vest what's left of their crop. Most ed that in Toronto, Canada, one su­ Evans. of protest mail recently when a Team­ grapes are going for $2 to $2.50 permarket chain that had agreed to The group said it will throw "its ster goon brutally attacked the UFW for a 22 pound box -considerably carry union grapes thought it would entire support behind the right of farm director of information, John Bank. below cost. Low prices throughout the try to pull a fast one. The market workers to determine by secret ballot On the other hand, moaned Fitz­ harvest have caused them to "lose their owners bought some scab grapes, try­ their choice of a union." Similar visits simmons, :~when a Teamster official tails," as one grower put it. ing to take advantage of the drop and declarations of support have was allegedly scratched on the fore­ The low quality of this year's crop in price. But the boycott was so ef­ come recently from the governing sen­ head by a rock, not a single letter has been due to bad weather and fective that they lost money even with ate of the United Church of Christ of protest was received. the strike and boycott by the Farm the cheaper grapes. and from officials of the National In the larger grape-growing areas Workers. In addition, now that other There have been no incidents of vio­ Council of Churches. of Fresno and Delano, the grape con­ areas are starting to harvest, the de­ lence since the Teamster "security That same day, July 13, Teamster tracts have not yet expired and it mand for Coachella grapes will de­ guards" were forced to withdraw from President Frank Fitzsimmons was ad­ is uncertain which way the grape cline even further. the fields throughout the state. The dressing a businessmen's group in growers will go when they do. How- "The growers have lost money, are picket lines are somewhat quieter, and losing money, and will lose more," the pickets find it easier to talk to said Marshall Ganz as he detailed nonstrikers. The public scandal that some of the growers' problems. "At resulted from the reign of terror Team­ Teamster payoffs investigated the CID ranch, they are hardly work­ ster goons had been carrying out LOS ANGELES-The Justice De­ UFW attorney Jerry Cohen said ing," he said. "The ·coolers there and against Farm Workers forced the bu­ partment announced July 13 it has that the union learned of the pay­ at the Bagdasarian are full of grapes reaucrats to withdraw the thugs. new evidence that Teamster offi­ offs from two former Teamster cials did indeed accept payoffs business agents. they can't sell. UFW leaders have carefully doc­ from lettuce growers to join a cam­ One of the business agents, "At Karahadian and others there umented all incidents of violence in­ paign to destroy the United Farm Frank Carolla, was present at the is no more picking," he added. Some stiguated by the gorilas (goons) and Workers Union. Evidence is sched­ motel where the payoffs took of the growers are reportedly looking have prepared a lawsuit demanding uled to be heard July 19 by a place. According to Cohen, grow­ into the possibility of harvesting their $50-million in damages. The suit federal grand jury in San Fran­ ers gave Teamster officials at least crops for raisins or wine, both of names Teamster officials, including cisco. three payoffs of $5,000 each dur­ which are less lucrative options than Frank Fitzsimmons, as well as indi­ The Justice Department further ing the 1970 UFW lettuce strike table grapes. Ganz predicted that the vidual goons. declared it will investigate UFW in Salinas, Calif. growers will not succeed in getting A blow was dealt to the union when charges that the Teamsters union out the full crop. Gallo Brothers, one of the countries largest wineries, signed a "sweetheart" hired . goons to attack striking Cohen said the money was taken "We think it was a terrific victory," replied John Bank when asked about deal July 10 with the Teamsters. The farm workers in Coachella Valley. to the motel by Bob Martin, for­ the Coachella strike. "We've forced UFW had held this contract since The union has been pressing au­ mer secretary-treasurer of the them into a losing economic situa­ 1967. Gallo employs 400 to 500 field thorities to take action against Western Growers Association, and tion." The grape strike in Arizona is workers in its vineyards and orchards those responsible for the violence. Al Hansen, a grower from Salinas. now over as well, and it too is con- at peak harvest time.

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