Architecture Terms and Ideas Major Architectural Influences Historically, our architecture has been derived from & is derivative of

More recently The face of a building, especially the principal face. Arch Terms a series of arches decorative with no actual openings arch formed by concentric arches set within one another The central wedge-shaped stone of an arch that locks its parts together an arched ceiling Entryway Terms a central arched section flanked by two narrow rectangular sections A wide, low-pitched surmounting the faç ade of a building in the Grecian style A porch or walkway with a supported by columns, often leading to the entrance of a building A carriage entrance leading through a building or wall into an inner courtyard Brick and Stone Terms Brick Patterns bond (horizontal)

and bond (vertical)

rows (called courses). Stone Terms

: Squared-off blocks of stone used in building : exposed corner masonry Masonry cut in large blocks separated by deep joints, used to give a bold, exaggerated look to the lower part Columns and Supports A projection from a vertical surface providing structural or visual support under cornices, balconies, or any other overhanging member Buttress and buttress the head of a column A decorative motif consisting of a series of uniform, usually vertical grooves Column: fluted and flowery Column: fluted and plain Column: fluted and scrolled Column: no fluting and plain Roofs and Towers

A bell tower, especially one attached to a building

A beam, girder, truss, or other structural member which projects beyond its supporting wall or column A small set on a circular or polygonal base or resting on pillar

lower edge of a roof of a building which overhangs the side The generally triangular section of wall at the end of a pitched roof, occupying the space between the two slopes of the roof A two-sided roof with a double slope on each side, the lower slope having the steeper pitch.

A four-sided roof having sloping ends and sides.

A four-sided roof having a double slope on all sides, with the lower slope much steeper than the upper.

A tall tower forming the superstructure of a building, such as a church or temple, and usually surmounted by a . A that slopes in one direction and may lean against another wall or building

A small tower or tower-shaped projection on a building Also called Captain's walk Ornamental Features (one) and (a row or a railing) (castle) panel or tablet, often in round or oval form, often for an inscription or coat of arms Molding

Attached to a wall by being partly embedded or bonded to it Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building

Having a wooden framework, often exposed, with plaster, brick, stone, or other masonry horizontal molding An ornamental bracket in the form of a block or scroll supporting the cornice. A rectangular column with a capital and base, projecting only slightly from a wall as an ornamental motif. A twisted or spiral decorative strip used for ornamentation or finishing

Any molding ornament in which the design is continuous in intertwined or flowing lines or pediment Terms small balcony

(rounded bay window) : it rolls out on one side (oculus, bull’s eye, ox eye)

roof window two , one on top of each other shaped like the top of a lance (spear) criss-crossed A vertical slit for archers in medieval fortification walls window a large window that is divided into three parts horizontal window above a door window Landscaping Elements Walkways and driveways: bluestone, flagstone, pavers (dry-laid or mortared) and gravel Walls: Fieldstone, Engineered, Mortared Vegetation

Flowers: Perennials (come back each year) and Annuals (last all summer, but die with first frost) Plants and Shrubs: Evergreens Trees: oaks, maples, dogwood, pine… Grasses: (ornamental and the regular kind) Ground cover: Pachysandra, Ivy, and Myrtle Sculptural Elements

Lattices and Arbors Sculpture Fences Fountains Lighting